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  • Lepidoptera  (28)
  • Yeast
  • Springer  (45)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Annual Reviews
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (45)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1982  (45)
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Keywords
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  • Springer  (45)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Annual Reviews
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  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (45)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second-site antibiotic resistance mutations in the ribosomal region of yeast mitochondrial DNA (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 5 (1982), S. 21-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Antibiotic resistance mutations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A large proportion of the spontaneous erythromycin resistant mutants isolated from a strain carrying a previously-induced chloramphenicol resistance mutation at cap3 do not map at ery1, the locus most often associated with mitochondrial erythromycin resistance. Most of the new mutations are also nonallelic at spil, spi2, and other known antibiotic resistance loci within the 21S rRNA gene; they are allelic with each other and define the new locus, ery2. Induced second-site erythromycin resistant mutants from the cap r3 strain, as well as spontaneous or induced mutants from strains carrying a cap r 1 mutation, all tend to map at eryl. The cap r3 mutation is apparently necessary for the expression of erythromycin resistance resulting from a second mutation at ery2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445736
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutant Gene snm2-1 ts, conferring thermoconditional mutagen sensitivity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is allelic with RAD5 (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 5 (1982), S. 93-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Thermoconditional DNA repair ; Mutagenesis ; Allelism test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Of two mutant genes (snm1-2 ts and snm2-1 ts) conferring thermoconditional mutagen sensitivity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae one (snm2-1 ts) is shown to be centromere-linked. At the restrictive temperature this allele reduces UV-induced back mutation frequency of the ochre allele hiss-2 but has no influence on forward mutation at the CAN1 locus. Complementation tests and recombination analysis revealed snm2 ts to be allelic with rad5 (rev2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365699
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer of mitochondrial function into a cytoplasmic respiratory-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces yeast by electro-fusion (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 6 (1982), S. 25-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Electro-fusion ; Yeast ; Plasmogamy ; Proliferation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Electric field-induced fusion was induced between Saccharomyces cerevisiae protoplasts from the ρ − heterozygous diploid strain 2114 and the respiratory-competent diploid strain 3441, carrying chromosomal markers. Close membrane contact between the cells of the two different strains (ratio 1:1) was achieved by dielectrophoresis in a weak inhomogeneous alternating field (about 1 kV/cm, 2 MHz). Due to dielectrophoresis pearl chains of two or more cells of the two strains are formed between the electrodes. Cell fusion was induced by application of two single square field pulses sufficiently high to induce reversible electrical breakdown in the membrane contact zone between cells within a pearl chain (about 7 to 8 kV/cm field strength and 40 Ms duration). The two subsequent pulses were applied at an interval of about 10 s. Hybrids could be isolated on selection medium in a high yield (compared with conventional fusion techniques). The hybrids were diploid, respiratory-competent and produced prototrophic spores. Thus, the fused hybrids contained only the chromosomal markers of strain 2114 and the cytoplasmic marker for respiratory competence from strain 3441; electro-fusion thus resulted mainly in plasmogamy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397637
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Genetic mapping of arg, cpa, car and tsm genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by trisomic analysis (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 6 (1982), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Genetic mapping ; Trisomic analysis ; Arginine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary By use of a set of 8 aneuploid strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, carrying from 1 to 5 identified disomic chromosomes, in crosses to a set of haploid strains collectively bearing 11 unmapped genes, the following chromosome assignments were obtained for these unmapped genes: arg80 on XIII;arg3 on X;car2 on XII; cpa1 and tsm8740 on XV; tsm7269 (=rna6) on II; cpa2 on X or XV; arg82 and tsm4572 on III, IV or XVI; car1 and arg81 on II, IV, VI, VII or XVI. Linkage tests between the unmapped genes and markers located on the chromosomes that had been designated as possible carriers by the previous analysis allowed 8 genes to be localized. The remaining three genes, cpa2, car1 and arg81 (located on fragment F8), could not be positioned on any of the chromosomes indicated by the trisomic analysis, in spite of testing for linkage to markers covering most of the known regions of these chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435206
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Uptake of DNA by fragile mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 5 (1982), S. 153-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mutant cell-wall ; Permeability exponentialy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary When Saccharomyces cerevisiae SY15 rho° mutant cells grown in media stabilized with 10% sorbitol were suspended in 2% sorbitol solutions, 60–70% of the population did not lyse and became permeable to native high molecular weight DNA. Maximal incorporation of DNA to DNase resistant state was measured after 60 min of incubation in presence of 5 μg/ml DNA and 10 mM CaCl2. These results suggest that the fragile mutants might be tested as hosts for transformation of whole yeast cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365707
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of ultraviolet light irradiated mitochondrial genomes during meiosis in yeast (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 6 (1982), S. 99-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Ultraviolet light mutagenesis ; Mitochondrial genome ; Meiosis ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Clones derived from ascospores from ultraviolet irradiated diploid cells were examined for the genetic determinants or respiratory properties. Approximately 10% of the cells produced petites of mitochondrial origin at the dose applied. Among 13 asci which produced mitochondrial petites with high frequencies, 6 asci of uniparental type, 0 grandes : 4 petites, were observed. Furthermore, most of the petite spore clones from each individual uniparental ascus showed similar levels of suppressiveness and of mitochondrial gene retention. From these results it is suggested that a single mitochondrial genome participates meiosis in yeast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435207
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Respiration deficient mutants in the A+T-rich region on yeast mitochondrial DNA containing the var1 gene (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 6 (1982), S. 179-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mitochondria ; var1 gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Several mit mutants mapping within or near the var1 determinant region have been characterized genetically and biochemically. These mutants were isolated using a new enrichment protocol which simplifies the isolation and identification of rare respiration-deficient mutants of yeast. Two of the mutants, PZ200L and PZ206, map in genome segments which flank the known varl gene reading frame; nevertheless, both belong to the same complementation group, apparently that of the varl gene. A third mutant, PZ200R is closely linked to one of the varl allelic determinants now known to be a short insertion within the gene. All three var1 mutants exhibit decreased levels of mitochondrial protein synthesis and negligible activity of the respiratory enzyme complexes. Another cluster of mutants belonging to a separate complementation group from that defined by PZ200L and PZ206 was also mapped and it contains mutants in the nearby serine tRNA gene. The isolation of these mutants in the varl region shows that the varl locus contains information essential for the maintenance of respiration-competent mitochondria. Because these mutants affect mitochondrial protein synthesis, their existence supports the previous hypothesis that the varl protein is an integral component of mitochondrial ribosomes. Furthermore, the mutant sites are present in a DNA sequence that is highly, rich in A+T residues that also contains a gene. Since approximately 50% of the yeast mitochondrial genome is similarly rich in A+T and since most of those regions have not yet been sequenced it is quite possible that other A+T-rich genes may exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390336
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Simultaneous induction of multiple mutations by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 6 (1982), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Nitrosoguanidine ; Comutation ; Yeast ; Chromosome replication pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Contrary to what happens in bacteria, mutations induced by nitrosoguanidine in yeast are not accompanied by an excess of mutations in nearby genes. We have investigated nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis in three regions of the yeast genome: the contiguous DNA segments HIS4A, HIS4B and HIS4C, located on chromosome III; ADE1 and CDC15 separated by about 3 map units on chromosome I; and CAN1, some 50 map units away from the centromere on chromosome V. Revertants at HIS4C never suffered mutations at HIS4A or HIS4B. Reversion at CDC15 did not affect the frequency of mutation at ADE1. No tsm mutations, leading to thermonsensitivity, were found in the immediate vicinity of the locus CAN1 after selecting for canavanine resistant mutants. However, as expected from nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of replication points and the fixed pattern of chromosome replication, the induced tsm mutations seem not to map randomly over the yeast genome; in fact, two out of the three groups of such tsm mutations studied are located in the same chromosome arm as CAN1, indicating that these two regions are replicated at the same time as CAN1. Replication synchrony is less than perfect, since the tsm mutations of each group affect many different genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390344
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  • 9
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    Multiple allelic states of the cyh2 gene cause low- and high-level cycloheximide resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 5 (1982), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Cycloheximide ; Ribosomal mutations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary At least four different mutations at the cyh2 locus (rp1X; gene product: YL24) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae confer cycloheximide resistance. The mutant YL24 proteins are either more basic (high-level resistant phenotype), more acidic (low-level resistant phenotype), or unchanged in their electrophoretic mobility (both low-and high-level resistant phenotypes). None of the mutations at other loci seem to induce high-level resistance to cycloheximide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365708
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  • 10
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    Partial pedigree analysis of the segregation of yeast mitochondrial genes during vegetative reproduction (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 5 (1982), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mitochondrial genes ; Vegetative segregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A three-factor cross of Saccharomyces cerevisiae involving the cap1, ery1, and oli1 loci was done, with partial pedigree analyses of 117 zygotes. First, second, and third buds were removed and the genotypes of their diploid progeny determined, along with those of the residual zygote mother cell. Results were analyzed in terms of frequencies of individual alleles and of recombinant genotypes in the dividing cells. There is a gradual increase in the frequency of homoplasmic cells and in gene frequency variance during these three generations, as would result from stochastic partitioning of mtDNA molecules between mother and bud, probably coupled with random drift of gene frequencies in interphase cells. These phenomena are more pronounced for buds than for mothers, suggesting that buds receive a smaller sample of molecules. End buds are more likely to be homoplasmic and have a lower frequency of recombinant genotypes than do central buds; an end bud is particularly enriched in alleles contributed by the parent that formed that end of the zygote. Zygotes with first central buds produce clones with a higher recombination frequency than do those with first end buds. These results confirm previous studies and suggest that mixing of parental genotypes occurs first in the center of the zygote. If segregation were strictly random, the number of segregating units would have to be much smaller than the number of mtDNA molecules in the zygote. On the other hand, there is no evidence for a region of the molecule (“attachment point”) which segregates deterministically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391802
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  • 11
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    The role of the cdc9 ligase in replication and excision repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 6 (1982), S. 29-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Plasmid ; Repair ; Ligase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We show that the DNA ligase encoded or controlled by the cdc9 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for replication of plasmid DNA but that excision repair of pyrimidine dimers in plasmid DNA can be completed in its absence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397638
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  • 12
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    Benomyl resistant mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cold-sensitive for mitosis (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 6 (1982), S. 195-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Benomyl resistance ; Yeast ; Mitosis ; Cell cycle mutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have isolated 150 benomyl resistant mutants of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Seven of these mutants were found to be cold sensitive for mitosis. These mutants were the subject of physiological, cytological and genetical characterisation. Growth and division of the seven mutants were similar to the wild type strain at 35 °C. After shift from the permissive (35 °C) to the restrictive temperature (20 °C) the mutants became blocked in mitosis whilst cellular growth continued. Consequently, elongate cells were formed. Six of the seven benomyl resistant mutants became blocked in mitosis at 20 °C with a single aberrant nucleus. In every case the benomyl resistant and cold sensitive phenotype was due to a mutation in a single nuclear gene. These mutants were found to comprise a single genetic linkage group (ben4) and were unlinked to existing TBZ/MBC resistant mutants of S. pombe. Whilst no cross resistance was found in our mutants to TBZ, six of the seven mutants were super sensitive to the spindle poison CIPC. We believe that the phenotype exhibited by these mutants is consistent with a defective tubulin subunit.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390338
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  • 13
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    Participation of vacuoles in regulation of levels of K+, Mg2+ and orthophosphate ions in cytoplasm of the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 132 (1982), S. 289-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ions ; Concentration ; Regulation ; Cytoplasm ; Vacuole ; Yeast ; Saccharomyces carlsbergensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Intracellular distributions of K+, Mg2+ and orthophosphate under various conditions of cultivation or incubation of the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis were studied by differential extraction of ion pools. The decisive role of vacuolar compartmentation of ions in regulation of K+, Mg2+ and orthophosphate levels in the yeast cytoplasm was shown. The content of intracellular K+ and Mg2+ in yeast increased or decreased primarily depending on the increase or decrease in the vacuolar ion pool. The levels of K+ and Mg2+ in the cytoplasm were practically unchanged. Vacuoles were involved in regulation of Mn2+ concentration in the cytoplasm of the yeast S. carlsbergensis accumulating this ion in the presence of glucose. Alongside the vacuolar compartmentation, the chemical compartmentation, i. e. formation of bound Mg2+, Mn2+ and K+ was, evidently, also involved in the control of ion levels in the cytoplasm. The orthophosphate level in the yeast cytoplasm was regulated by its accumulation in vacuoles and biosynthesis of inorganic polyphosphates in these organelles. The biosynthesis of low-molecular weight polyphosphates occurred parallel to the accumulation of Mg2+ or Mn2+ in vacuoles, thus confirming the availability of the other mechanism for the transport of these ions through the tonoplast differing from the transport mechanism through the plasmalemma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407968
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  • 14
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    Localization of trehalase in vacuoles and of trehalose in the cytosol of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 131 (1982), S. 298-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Protoplast ; Compartmentation ; Vacuole ; Trehalose ; Trehalase ; Carbohydrate metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae synthesized and degraded trehalose when they were incubated in a medium containing traces of glucose and acetate. Such protoplasts were gently lyzed by the polybase method and a particulate and soluble fraction was prepared. Trehalose was found in the soluble fraction and the trehalase activity mostly in the particulate fraction which also contained the vacuoles besides other cell organelles. Upon purification of the vacuoles, by density gradient centrifugation, the specific activity of trehalase increased parallel to the specific content of vacuolar markers. This indicates that trehalose is located in the cytosol and trehalase in the vacuole. It is suggested that trehalose, in addition to its role as a reserve may also function as a protective agent to maintain the cytosolic structure under conditions of stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411175
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  • 15
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    Metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae envelope mannoproteins (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 132 (1982), S. 144-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Cell wall ; Mannoproteins ; Envelope turnover ; Concanavalin A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract By pulse and chase labeling experiments, two independent mannoprotein pools have been found associated with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae envelope. One of them probably corresponds to mannoproteins localized in the periplasmic space. These molecules showed a high turnover rate at 28° C. The second pool is formed by intrinsic wall mannoproteins which are apparently stable for long periods of time, after a small initial turnover. These results suggest that at least part of the mannoproteins initially found in the periplasmic space may move into the wall. The time lag between the addition of the radioactive precursors and their incorporation in the cell envelope (20–30 min for amino acids and about 10 min for carbohydrate) indicates that protein formation and carbohydrate incorporation take place in succession. Moreover, bulk glycosylation of mannoproteins seems to occur close in time to the moment of secretion into the periplasmic space.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00508720
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  • 16
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    Microtubule function and its relation to cellular development and the yeast cell cycle in Wangiella dermatitidis (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 133 (1982), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Microtubule ; Nocodazole ; Yeast ; Cell cycle ; Dimorphism ; Fungus ; Wangiella dermatitidis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The microtubule inhibitor nocodazole {methyl-5-[2-(thienylcarbonyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-carbamate} prevented nuclear migration and nuclear division in yeasts and developing multicellular forms of the polymorphic fungus Wangiella dermatitidis. It did not prevent yeast bud formation during at least two or three budding cycles, and caused yeasts to accumulate as premitotic forms with one to three buds. The effects of the drug suggested that at least three control pathways were involved in the yeast cell cycle; that the nocodazole block point was separate from the execution points of two temperature-sensitive mutations which lead to multicellularity; and that microtubules were controlling neither the yeast budding process nor the development of multicellular forms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413531
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  • 17
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    Fructose-bisphosphatase-deficient mutants of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 133 (1982), S. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Fructose-bisphosphatase deficient mutants ; Yeast ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; Gluconeogenesis ; Glucose repression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We showed that in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, fructose-bisphosphatase is not subject to catabolite inactivation as it was observed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, this enzyme activity is sensitive to catabolite repression in both yeasts. Two mutants lacking completely fructose-bisphosphatase activity were found. They were unable to grow on glycerol medium. They were still respiratory competent and exhibited the ability to derepress partially malate dehydrogenase activity. In glucose exponential phase culture, the parental strain lacks completely the fructosebisphosphatase activity due to catabolite repression. In these conditions, the growth is slowed down only in the mutants eventhough both mutants and their parental strain lack this enzyme activity. Normal sporulation and poor spore germination were observed for one mutant whereas, only in the presence of glucose, normal sporulation and normal spore germination were observed for the second mutant. Mendelian segregation of glycerol growth was found for the well germinating mutant. It is of nuclear heredity. The two mutations appeared to be closely linked.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413526
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  • 18
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    Range of action and interaction of pheromone traps for the summerfruit tortrix moth,Adoxophyes orana (F.v.R.) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1251-1262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Adoxophyes orana ; pheromone traps ; attraction ; interaction ; trap spacing ; wind ; monitoring ; mass trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In a spindle-tree apple orchard, sex pheromone traps for the summerfruit tortrix moth were distributed at different spacings. From the captures, information was derived about influence of prevailing wind direction and of trap spacing on interactions between traps. Prevailing wind direction in the experimental area had no appreciable influence on trap interaction, perhaps because of eddying within the planting. The relationship between density and capture of traps was first considered theoretically and interaction by overlap of active-space areas was distinguished from that by overlap of mere capturing areas, which depend also on distance of dispersal. The actual results were in accordance with these considerations and indicated that the diameter of the active-space areas averaged 15 m. The variation in the captures of the wider-spaced traps was too large to be conclusive about the average width of the capturing areas, but the diameter of these seemed to be more than about 45 m. These data have been related to adequate trap distances for monitoring and mass trapping.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987758
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  • 19
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    Effects of cotton condensed tannin, maysin (Corn) and pinitol (soybeans) onHeliothis zea growth and development (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1429-1436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Heliothis zea ; bioassay ; host plant resistance mechanisms ; allelochemicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Maysin, a flavone glycoside from corn silks, inhibits ingestion, and thus growth, ofHeliothis zea (Boddie) larvae. Pinitol from soybeans inhibitedH. zea growth by the same mechanism. Despite the widely held assumption that tannins inhibit growth by inhibiting assimilation, cotton condensed tannin inhibitedH. zea growth by reducing ingestion; no evidence was found for a reduction in assimilation. Neonate larvae are shown to be much more sensitive to allelochemics than larvae that have fed on control diet before being transferred to diet containing plant allelochemics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989100
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  • 20
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    Sex pheromone chemistry of the western spruce budwormChoristoneura occidentalis Free (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 351-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Choristoneura occidentalis ; western spruce budworm ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; pheromone chemistry ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; capillary GC-MS ; (E/Z)-11-tetradecenal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract SCOT capillary Chromatographic and SCOT capillary chromatographic-mass spectrometic analyses of gland washes and effluvia of virgin femaleChoristoneura occidentalis Free, have been conducted with both a diapausing and nondiapausing strain of this insect. The following compounds were identified in gland washes and effluvia in both strains:E andZ11–14∶Ald,E andZ11–14∶Ac,E andZ11–14∶OH and 14∶Ald, 14∶Ac, and 14∶OH. The average aldehyde: acetate: alcohol ratio found by analysis of single glands by virgin females (nondiapausing strain) was 1∶7∶0.73. Analysis of virgin female effluvia gave this ratio as 10∶3∶8 (diapausing strain: %Z=8, 11, 15, respectively) and 10∶3∶6 (nondiapausing strain: %Z=8, 11, 12, respectively). The saturated components were generally 1–2% of theE isomer in each case. Comparisons of EAG responses of bothC. occidentalis andC. fumiferana toE11–14∶Ald,E11–14∶Ac andE11–14∶OH were made. Correlations with both laboratory and field data previously published were also made betweenC. fumiferana andC. occidentalis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987783
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  • 21
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    Disruption of male spruce budworm orientation to calling females in a wind tunnel by synthetic pheromone (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 493-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.) ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; mating disruption ; sex attraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Male spruce budworm [Chorisloneura fumiferana (Clem.)] moths were held for 3 hr in a wind tunnel and subjected to various concentrations of background synthetic pheromone. They were then exposed to calling females and their response was recorded. The background pheromone was presented either as discrete turbulent plumes or as a uniform permeation throughout the tunnel. The numbers of males wing-fanning and flying in response to the calling females decreased as the concentration of background pheromone increased. Of the males which flew, a higher proportion progressed upwind in the discrete plumes than in the uniform permeation, an indication that structure in the pheromone cloud is necessary for upwind progression. In both discrete plumes and uniform permeation fewer males were able to locate the females (i.e., disruption was greater) as the concentration of synthetic pheromone increased, but for the same total release rates, disruption was greater when the synthetic pheromone was released in discrete plumes rather than in a uniform permeation. This implies that disruption which involves luring males to sources of synthetic pheromone is more effective than masking female plumes by uniform permeation and suggests that it is more efficient to release pheromone from a few potent sources than from numerous low-potency sources.
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    Monooxygenase activities of fat body and gut homogenates of monarch butterfly larvae,Danaus plexippus, fed four cardenolide-containing milkweeds,Asclepias spp. (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 797-805 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Monarch butterfly ; Asclepias spp. ; monooxygenase ; induction ; cardenolide ; aldrin epoxidation ; p-chloro-N-methylanilme demethylation ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Monarch butterfly larvae were examined for NADPH-dependent monooxygenase activities. Midgut and fat body homogenates catalyzed aldrin epoxidation andp-chloro-N-methylanilineN-demethylation at consistently low rates compared to many other lepidopteran larvae. Homogenates from larvae collected from four different milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) with quite different cardenolide contents had similar levels of activity. There were no detectable variations in activity due to season or year of collection.
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    Structure-activity relationships in sex attractants for north American noctuid moths (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 731-754 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Alkenylcompounds ; pheromones ; chemotaxonomy ; decenyl dodecenyl ; tetradecenyl ; hexadecenyl ; trapping ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sex attractants known for 145 species of noctuid moths have many common features both as to chemical constituents and to their relationships in blends. The great majority of constituents are straight-chain (Z)-alkenols, -alkenals, or -alkenyl acetates of even carbon number (10 through 16). The unsaturation is nonterminal in odd-numbered positions (5 through 11). In effective lures, these components are blended in specific ratios and the components in a sex pheromone or sex attractant blend are structurally related by “one-change” steps. This means that any blend component differs from one or more other components by a single structural alteration, such as a change in double bond position, or a change in carbon chain length, or a change in the oxygen function. For the few multicomponent systems known in detail, the central place in the “one-change” framework is occupied by the predominant blend component. Different patterns of occurrence of lure components occur in the subfamilies Acronictinae, Noctuinae, Hadeninae, Cuculliinae, Amphipyrinae, Heliothidinae, Plusiinae, Acontiinae, and Pantheinae, and some subfamilies are as yet without known lures. Some guiding principles for elucidation of blend compositions for unstudied species are presented; these guidelines can also be used in improvement of some synthetic blends of unsatisfactory quality.
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    Toxicity studies of analogs of 2-tridecanone, a naturally occurring toxicant from a wild tomato (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 837-842 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: 2-Tridecanone ; structure-activity relationships ; Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum C.M. Mull ; Heliothis zea (Boddie) ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Toxicity bioassays of the naturally occurring insecticide 2-tridecanone and a group of structural analogs against the tomato fruitworm (Heliothis zea) reveal a significant influence of chain length on toxicity of methyl ketones. This effect may be due to the differential ability of these compounds to penetrate lipid barriers and reach the active site, since a close relationship is seen between toxicity and lipophilicity. Congeners of chain lenths 15 and over are less active than predicted by this relationship, possibly due to steric effects.
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    Evidence of an oviposition stimulant for peachtree borer (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1125-1132 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Peachtree borer ; Synanthedon exitiosa (Say) ; Lepidoptera ; Sessiidae ; oviposition stimulant ; peach ; Prunus persica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Peachtree borer (PTB) cocoons, peach tree bark, and a mixture of frass and gum obtained arount PTB wounds were extracted with organic solvents of increasing polarity. Female PTB moths,Synanthedon exitiosa (Say), laid the greatest number of eggs on filter paper substrates treated with acetone extracts of PTB cocoons, ethyl acetate extracts of peach tree bark and acetone extracts of frass and gum mixtures. The extracts of cocoons or frass and gum mixture were separated by liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography.
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    Contact stimulants fromHeliothis virescens that influence the behavior of females of the tachinid,Eucelatoria bryani (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1183-1191 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Kairomone ; contact chemicals ; arrestant ; host seeking ; Eucelatoria bryani ; Diptera ; Tachinidae ; Heliothis ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; parasitoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Factors acting at contact or close range affected the behavior associated with host seeking of females, but not of males, of the tachinid,Eucelatoria bryani Sabrosky. Females were arrested by components of larvae ofHeliothis virescens (F.) and by a dichloromethane extract of okra leaves. A hexane extract ofH. virescens frass and a chloroform-methanol extract ofH. virescens larvae were both active. In addition to chemicals, shape and size were involved because females were arrested by small inert objects the size ofH. virescens larvae and frass.
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    Site of secretion of the trail marker of the eastern tent caterpillar (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 31-39 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Malacosoma americanum ; eastern tent caterpillar ; Lepidoptera ; Lasiocampidae ; trail pheromone ; pheromone secretory site ; silk trail
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new site of secretion of a chemical trail marker was found on the sternum at the tip of the last abdominal segment of the larva of the eastern tent caterpillarMalacosoma americanum. Larvae marked from this site by drawing their sterna along the substrate when they extended existing trails in search of food and again when they established recruitment trails to food-finds. Differences in the quantity or quality of the marker deposited by exploring and recruiting caterpillars may account for the greater activity of the recruitment trails.
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    Sex pheromone of fall armyworm (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 267-273 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ; pheromone ; mating behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two components of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), sex pheromone, (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate (DDA) and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (TDA), were tested alone and in combination to determine their effects on male sexual response and inhibition of mating in the laboratory. The threshold response for FAW males was lower for TDA than for DDA, and males responded to TDA over a wider range of dosages. Although TDA is not attractive to FAW males in the field, this compound was highly effective in reducing mating under laboratory conditions.
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    Directional flow of male scent released byPseudaletia separata walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its repellent effect on adults and larvae of four noctuid and one phycitine moth (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1263-1270 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Pseudaletia separata ; male scent ; repellent pheromone ; repellent allomone ; nonspecificity ; sexual selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Air movement around a malePseudaletia separata Walker, observed using the smoke of an incense stick during wing-fanning, showed that the air moves away from the female and backwards. Moths moved or flew away immediately when vaporized benzaldehyde was blown over their antennae in a screen cage set in a greenhouse. This repellency lacked species, sex, or individual specificity. Male scent acts as an inhibitor to conspecific males and, at the same time, to other moths if they approach the male in courtship. Inhibition of ovipositional and larval locomotory behavior by benzaldehyde was also demonstrated.
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    Sex pheromone components of the turnip moth,Agrotis segetum (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1305-1321 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Agrotis segetum ; turnip moth ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; straight-chain acetates ; single-cell recordings ; electroantennography ; behavior ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; entrainment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of female abdominal tips ofAgrotis segetum by means of GC-MS showed the presence of 13 aliphatic acetates and alcohols. (Z)-7-Dodecenyl acetate was found to be the main component in the extracts at amounts of about 1 ng/female. (Z)-9-Tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenol were present to the extent of 49 and 19%, respectively, of the main component. Minor components could be identified as decyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, dodecyl acetate, (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate, a tetradecenyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate, a hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenol, and (Z)-9-tetradecenol. The presence and biological activity of decyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate in the extracts could be detected by GC-EAD. Tested by EAG (Z)-5-decenyl acetate evoked the highest response among pheromone candidates, followed by (E)-5-decenyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate. Single-cell recordings from 100 male antennal sensilla trichodea revealed receptorcells highly sensitive to (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, (Z)-8-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate as well as (Z)-5-decenol. The (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate receptors were activated significantly also by female extracts. When tested in a tube olfactometer, a blend of decyl, (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate evoked the same male response as did female glands. Tested in the field, this blend was more attractive than virgin females. Other authors previously reported many of the compounds identified in the present study. However, both quantitative and qualitative discrepancies exist among the various investigations, possibly due to the existence of geographical races.
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    Synthesis of (±)-10-methyl-1-dodecanol acetate, the chiral component of the smaller tea tortrix moth (Adoxophyes sp.), with an option for asymmetric induction (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 41-53 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Smaller tea tortrix moth ; Adoxophyes sp. ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; asymmetric induction ; 10-methyl-1-dodecanol acetate ; ester ; chirality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new route to (±)-10-methyl-1-dodecanol acetate, a minor component of the smaller tea tortrix moth (Adoxophyes sp.), is described. An optional sequence that permits the generation of the chiral center with enantiomeric excesses (ee's) as high as 74% (R) or 80% (S) employing the available (S)-(−)-prolinol as a chiral auxiliary may be included. High-performance liquid chromatography of diastereomeric intermediates allows preparation of products with greater ee's.
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    Feeding responses of eastern spruce budworm larvae to sucrose and other carbohydrates (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 233-239 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; carbohydrates ; sucrose ; feeding preference ; behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Spruce budworm larvae reared on an artificial diet were tested for preference of twelve carbohydrates over a water control. A strong preference for sucrose was seen, followed by fructose, inositol, and glucose. Male and female larvae do not differ in their responses to sucrose. The behavioral threshold for sucrose is at 10−4 to 10−3 M, with a peak response in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 M sucrose.
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    Sex pheromone of the avocado pest,Amorbia cuneana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 255-265 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Western avocado leafroller ; Amorbia cuneana ; sex pheromone ; Tortricidae ; (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The major volatile components in the extract of the female sex pheromone gland ofAmorbia cuneana consisted of (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates. The identification was based on electroantennogram bioassay of gas Chromatographic effluent from sex pheromone gland extract, relative retention times on polar and nonpolar gas chromatographic columns, chemical degradation (ozonolysis, saponification), mass spectrometry, chemical synthetic methods, and field tests. Based on mass spectrometry and retention times by capillary gas chromatography, traces of (E)-10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate and 1-tetradecanol acetate were also present in the extract. Traps baited with a combination of synthetic (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates caught more males than did traps baited with females.
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    Looplure efficacy and electrophysiological responses in three plusiinae species (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1455-1462 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Efficacy ; electroantennogram ; looplure ; response threshold ; sex attractant ; trapping ; Trichoplusia ni ; Pseudoplusia includens ; Rachiplusia ou ; pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Source concentration differences of (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate, or looplure, were evaluated for field trapping efficiency and electrophysiological responses with malePseudoplusia includens (Walker),Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) andRachiplusia ou (Guenné) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Sticky traps baited with 1000 μg of the lure captured a significantly greater (P 〈 0.05) number of maleP. includens andT. ni than any other concentration;R. ou males were caught at a greater rate in traps baited with 100 μg of looplure, significantly more (P 〈 0.05) than with 1000 μg. Electroantennogram (EAG) studies demonstrated that antennae of maleP. includens have a lower response threshold to looplure than eitherT. ni orR. ou antennae, the latter demonstrating the highest significant threshold of response. No differences in the stimulus-response functions of the three species were detected.
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    Sex pheromone of the fall webworm moth,Hyphantria cunea (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 383-396 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insect sex pheromone ; fall webworm moth ; American white moth ; Hyphantria cunea ; salt march caterpillar moth ; Estigmene acrea ; Lepidoptera ; Arctiidae ; (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienal ; linolealdehyde ; (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal ; linolenaldehyde ; (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosadiene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three compounds have been identified as sex pheromone components produced by female fall webworm moths,Hyphantria cunea (Drury). These compounds are: (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienal (I), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal (II), and (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosadiene (III). The ratio of these compounds was approximately 5∶6∶13, respectively, in female tip extracts prepared from U.S.S.R, insects and approximately 1∶8∶21, respectively, in extracts from U.S. insects. The ratio in female effluvia trapped from U.S. insects was 1∶6∶27, respectively. Compound III plus either I or II is effective in eliciting upwind flight in a wind tunnel. Compounds I, II, and III are also components of the sex pheromone system of the saltmarsh caterpillar moth,Estigmene acrea (Drury).
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    Compounds modifying the activity of two sex attractants for males of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 397-408 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pea moth ; Cydia nigricana (F.) ; Lepidoptera ; Olethreutidae ; sex attractant ; (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate ; (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate ; inhibitor ; Synergist ; lure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (E)-10-Dodecen-1-yl acetate (E10–12∶Ac) and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ylacetate (E,E8,10–12∶Ac) are sex attractants for males of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.). Thirty-two structurally related compounds with chain lengths of 9–14 carbon atoms were exposed withE10–12∶Ac orE,E8,10–12∶Ac in traps in the field to investigate their influence on the activity of the attractants. Only alchols and acetates unsaturated at C-8, -9, or -10 greatly influenced moth captures. (Z) and (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol were weak synergists forE10–12∶Ac but no synergists forE,E8,10–12∶Ac were found. (Z) and (E)-8-dodecen-1-yl acetate and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol inhibited bothE10–12∶Ac andE,E8,10–12∶Ac while (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol, 10-dodecyn-1-ol, (Z) and (E)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, and undecyl acetate inhibited only the former attractant.
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    Mate-seeking behavior and reduced mating byEphestia cautella (Walker) in a sex pheromone-permeated atmosphere (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 507-515 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Almond moth ; Ephestia cautella ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; stored products ; pest management ; behavior ; density ; flight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The mating rate ofEphestia cautella (Walker) was inversely related to the level of pheromone permeating the air. However, permeation did not prevent mating by altering the number of females calling or the frequency, duration, or pattern of male flight. Instead, permeation probably prevented mating by reducing the distance from which a male can respond to a female. The pheromone level necessary to achieve a particular reduction in mating increases with moth density.
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    Sex pheromone ofPandemis heparana (Den. and Schiff.) (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 663-670 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pandemis heparana ; sex pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; gas chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; insect behavior ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecenl-ol ; tetradecyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 90% (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, 5% (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, 5% (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol, dodecyl acetate (〈1%), and tetradecyl acetate (〈1%) were identified from gland extracts ofPandemis heparana females by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (including mass fragmentography studies), chemical characterization, total synthesis, laboratory and field bioassays. In the field, a mixture of (Z)-11-tetradecen-l-yl acetate and (Z)-9-tetradecen-l-yl acetate (95∶5) was found to be essential for attractiveness ofP. heparana males.
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    Effects of pheromone components and their degradation products on the response ofHeliothis spp. to traps (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 755-762 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; Heliothis virescens ; tobacco budworm ; Heliothis zea ; bollworm ; virelure ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract None of the isolated degradation products of (Z)-11-hexadecenal [(Z)-11-HDAL] affected the catches of either tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (F.)] or bollworm [H. zea (Boddie)] moths when dispensed with pheromone from cotton dental rolls in cone traps. Also, none of the degradation products of (Z)-9-tetradecenal [(Z)-9-TDAL] had an effect on trap catches of tobacco budworm moths. Two of the three chemicals that have previously been identified in ovipositor washes of tobacco budworms but that are absent in those of bollworms caused a reduction in capture of bollworms: (Z)-9-TDAL (1.0 μg/trap) caused a 96% reduction in trap catch and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol (20.0 μg/trap) caused a similar reduction. Tetradencenal (40 μg/trap) had no effect on trap catch.
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    Response of the ichneumonid parasiteNemeritis canescens to Kairomones from the flour moth,Ephestia kuehniella (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 843-850 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Kairomones ; 2-acylcyclohexane-1 ; 3-diones ; Ephestia keuhniella Zeller ; (syn.Anagasta kuehniella Zeller) ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Nemeritis canescens (Grav.) (syn.Venturia canescens (Grav.)) ; Ephestia cautella (Wlk.) ; Ephestia elutella (Hubner) ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) ; oviposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 2-Acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones, a novel class of compounds in the larval mandibular glands ofEphestia(=Anagasta) kuehniella Zeller, act as kairomones. Their relative activities in eliciting oviposition responses from the larval parasiteNemeritis(=Venturia) canescens (Grav.) are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994784
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    Pheromone hydrolysis by cuticular and interior esterases of the antennae, legs, and wings of the cabbage looper moth,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 859-866 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Antennae ; esterases ; pheromone degradation ; cuticle ; olfaction ; cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Examination was made of the hydrolytic activities of esterases obtained from the antennae, legs, and wings of 3-day-old cabbage looper moths,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), by elution and by homogenation of those appendages. Pheromone hydrolysis in 1-min assays was monitored by use of tritium-labeled (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate and thin-layer chromatography to separate the reaction products. Listed according to the activities of the esterases obtained by homogenation, the organs were antennae 〉 legs 〉 wings. In contrast, the order according to the activities of the eluted esterases was wings 〉 legs 〉 antennae. Also, the eluted enzymes were less active than the esterases obtained by homogenization. The relatively high pheromone-hydrolyzing activity present in homogenized antennae suggests that the esterases originated inside the antennae and lends support to the hypothesis proposed in earlier investigations that pheromone-inactivating enzymes may play an important role in the olfactory process, possibly by clearing pheromone from the vicinity of the olfactory receptors. The esterases detected on the cuticle, on the other hand, may function by preventing surface accumulation of pheromone. The higher measured esterase activity in homogenates of prothoracic legs than of mesothoracic or metathoracic legs suggests that the prothoracic legs, which are used to clean the antennae of debris, may function by removing and degrading pheromone from the surface of antennae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994786
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    Development of a bioluminescence assay for aldehyde pheromones of insects (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 923-933 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aldehyde pheromone ; bioluminescence ; corn earworm ; Heliothis zea ; insect pheromone ; navel orangeworm ; Amyelois transitera ; western spruce budworm ; Choristoneura occidentalis ; spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; assay for aldehydes ; Pyralidae ; Noctuidae ; Tortricidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pheromone levels in the glands of individual female moths of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), the western spruce budworm (C. occidentalis), the navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella), and the corn earworm (Heliothis zea) were quantitively measured by means of a new bacterial bioluminescence assay specific for aldehydes. The sensitivity and rapidity of the bioluminescent assay enabled studies to be conducted on the dependence of the pheromone levels in the spruce budworm on age and the effect of photoperiod on the pheromone levels in the corn earworm. The bioluminescence assay provides a rapid and sensitive approach for studying aldehyde pheromone levels and their regulation in insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987659
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    Development of a bioluminescence assay for aldehyde pheromones of insects (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 935-945 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aldehydes ; bioluminescence ; insect pheromones ; Porapak Q ; spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; (E)-11-tetradecenal ; trapping ; bioassay for aldehydes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A newly developed bioluminescent assay was used to measure quantitatively the amount of (E)-11-tetradecenal, the major component of the sex pheromone of the spruce budworm, trapped on Porapak Q®. The bioluminescent response was linearly related to the amount of aldehyde either deposited on the absorbent or trapped from an airstream. However, the recovery of pheromone from Porapak was dependent on whether the air was prefiltered (through Porapak) or taken directly from the atmosphere. Furthermore, pheromone on Porapak was lost with time during the flow of air through the absorbent, indicating that trapping of aldehyde pheromone should be conducted for short periods of time for optimal recoveries. The applicability of the assay system for the rapid and direct measurement of the release rates of aldehyde pheromone lures was demonstrated for pheromone lures used for baiting spruce budworm traps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987660
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  • 44
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    Sex pheromone of European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) its chemical transformations in sunlight and heat (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 973-980 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: (E, Z)-7,9-Dodecadien-1-yl acetate ; European grapevine moth ; Lobesia botrana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; photoisomerization ; conjugated diene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Photo- and radical isomerization of (E, Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (DDA) leads to an equilibrium mixture of all four possible geometric isomers of 7,9-DDA in the ratio ofE,E, 69–76%;Z,E, 11–13%;E, Z, 12–15%; andZ, Z, 1–3%. Iodine catalysis of the isomerization takes place even in dark at room temperature and is probably a radical reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987663
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  • 45
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    Composition, quantification, and periodicity of sex pheromone gland volatiles from individualHeliothis virescens females (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1043-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Heliothis virescens ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Z11-16:Ald ; 16:Ald ; Z9-14:Ald ; 14:Ald ; sex pheromone emission ; gland volatiles ; blend composition ; pheromone emission rates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sex pheromone gland volatiles from individualHeliothis virescens (F.) females were collected and analyzed on an SP-2330 capillary gas-liquid chromatography column for identification and quantification of the compounds emitted. Only four of the seven compounds previously reported as pheromone components appeared consistently in the volatile collections: 14:Ald, Z9-14:Ald, 16:Ald, and Z11-16:Ald. The female glands did not emit the same amounts of these compounds throughout a 24-hr period; they emitted maximum quantities between 6 and 11 hr after the onset of scotophase with the remainder of the photoperiod having minimal emission rates. Although the absolute quantities fluctuated, the percent compositions of the compounds remained about the same throughout the 24-hr period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987885
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