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  • taxonomy  (137)
  • Springer  (137)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • 2010-2014
  • 1995-1999  (101)
  • 1980-1984  (36)
  • 1925-1929
  • 2012
  • 1998  (63)
  • 1995  (38)
  • 1984  (28)
  • 1982  (8)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 1995-1999  (101)
  • 1980-1984  (36)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Keywords: mate choice ; taxonomy ; phenotypic hybrids ; fitness ; decision rule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die als Unterarten klassifizierten europäischen Formen der Aaskrähe, Rabenkrähe und Nebelkrähe, besiedeln verschiedene, aneinandergrenzende Verbreitungsgebiete und hybridisieren in der Kontaktzone. Die Nachkommen von Mischpaaren sind fruchtbar und können sowohl mit anderen Hybriden als auch mit Raben- und Nebelkrähen erfolgreich brüten. Trotzdem kommt es zu keiner völligen Vermischung der Formen und/oder Verlagerung der Verbreitungsgebiete. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersuchten wir die Partnerwahl von Aaskrähen in der Hybridisierungszone auf der nordfriesischen Insel Amrum und stellten fest, daß Partner gleichen Phänotyps häufiger miteinander verpaart waren, als stochastisch zu erwarten gewesen wäre. Unsere Daten bestätigen vergleichbare Studien aus Hybridisierungszonen in Italien und Sibirien. Wir schließen daraus, daß phänotypisch selektive Partnerwahl bei der Aaskrähe ein allgemeines Phänomen sein könnte und diskutieren, warum dieses Verhalten anfitness-relevante Parameter gekoppelt sein sollte. Um welche es sich dabei handeln könnte, wurde bisher nicht hinreichend untersucht und muß deshalb offen bleiben.
    Notes: Summary Carrion Crow and Hooded Crow are regarded as subspecies of the Crow. They show frequent hybridisation along the adjacent borders of their distribution. Mixed pairs produce fertile offspring which are able to breed successfully with both hybrids and mates of either phenotype. However, hybridisation does not lead to phenotypic changes of Carrion and Hooded Crows in general nor in their distinct distribution. We studied the mating behaviour of Crows in the hybrid zone on the Island of Amrum (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany) and found evidence that Crows may prefer mates of the same phenotype. Our data confirm previous studies which reported assortative mating with respect to plumage coloration from hybrid zones in Italy and Siberia. We discuss why this behaviour should be related tofitness traits which in our opinion have not yet been studied adequately nor identified.
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  • 2
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 74 (1998), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Dipodascus capitatus ; D.spicifer ; Geotrichum clavatum ; yeast ; taxonomy ; DNA heterogeneity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The G+C contents of 25 strains of Dipodascus capitatus, Dipodascus spicifer and Geotrichum clavatum were found to be heterogeneous on basis of derivative graphs of the melting profiles. Strains showing similar derivative graphs of the melting curve exhibited high levels of DNA homology (80-100%); strains showing dissimilar derivative graphs exhibited low levels of DNA homology (5 to 45%). Being considered separate taxa on basis of these parameters, D. capitatus, D. spicifer and G. clavatum could be identified by a combination of the key characteristics growth on xylose, cellobiose, salicin and arbutin.
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  • 3
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    Plant molecular biology reporter 16 (1998), S. 147-155 
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Keywords: allele-specific PCR ; Beta ; ITS1 ; plant identification ; rDNA ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sequence variation in the ITS1 locus of the nuclear ribosomal DNA in beets has previously been used to reconstruct phylogeny of the species in the genus Beta. We have developed protocols that allow the identification of Beta taxa by use of taxon-specific primers. Beta sections, species and subspecies can be identified. Differences within the ITS1 region of a single base can be exploited for species identification. The results from this study not only provide effective methods for wild beet identification, but also indicate the potential use of the techniques in other crops.
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  • 4
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    Journal of insect conservation 2 (1998), S. 151-159 
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: Orthoptera ; biodiversity ; taxonomy ; conservation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract It is estimated that only 10–15% of the world's insect fauna has been described and named. Efforts to inventory insect biodiversity are hampered by this taxonomic impediment, which is compounded by the logistical problems of an insufficient taxonomic workforce and their remote location in museums thousands of miles from the areas of highest biodiversity. Compared to most other invertebrate groups however, the taxonomic impediment is relatively benign in the order Orthoptera. This is a small to medium-sized order (approximately 20 000 described species) which is well known taxonomically, owing to the group's agricultural importance worldwide. Furthermore, orthopteran taxonomists are now fortunate to have a published up-to-date catalogue of all known species, which has just become accessible as a regularly updated database on the World Wide Web. Whilst new information technology, in the form of e-mail networks, World Wide Web sites and CD-ROM information archives, is already enhancing communication between specialists and helping to reduce the logistical problems of documenting orthopteran biodiversity, a major reinvestment in basic taxonomic research is needed if we are to reduce the existing taxonomic impediment significantly. There is general agreement that an internationally coordinated approach will be necessary and priorities must be set to tackle the biodiversity/systematics crisis. In the future, the Orthoptera can make an important contribution to invertebrate faunal surveys and have potential as an indicator taxon. Furthermore, the Orthoptera Species File establishes a taxonomic framework which could be readily enlarged to include geographic data and phenology of species from existing museum specimens.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Keywords: contamination risks ; fish ; Mississippi River ; ecological factors ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract We compared contamination levels in fish from contaminated and uncontaminated floodplain swamps of the lower Mississippi River to assess differences in contamination risks between swamps, across different taxonomic and ecological groupings of fishes within and between swamps, and with seasonality in river stage. Fish tissue levels of inorganic contaminants were substantially lower than environmental levels in both swamps, suggesting either that fish were not uptaking these contaminants, or they were effectively eliminating the contaminants from their bodies. Tissue levels of organic contaminants were high relative to environmental levels, suggesting that these contaminants were bioaccumulating. Organic contaminants were significantly higher in fish from the contaminated swamp (Devil's Swamp) than in fish from a reference swamp up river (Tunica Swamp). Because the organic contaminants were largely confined to sediments, we expected bottom-oriented fishes to have higher concentrations than pelagic fishes. Assuming that uptake was primarily through the food chain, we expected top predators to exhibit higher concentrations than low-level consumers. We also expected year- round swamp residents to exhibit higher accumulations than more transitory users of backswamp habitat. However, organic contaminant levels did not differ in the directions expected for any of these groupings. We did observe differences in organic contaminant levels within and between swamps for different taxonomic groupings of fishes (species and genera). Some taxa occupying low to middle positions in the food web (e.g., gizzard shad, Lepomis spp.) exhibited higher concentrations than taxa near the top of the food web. Within Devil's Swamp, organic contaminant levels were significantly higher at low river stage, when fish were confined to the swamp, than at high river stage, when fish were free to move between the river and the swamp. We caught more species and more fish per unit effort in Devil's Swamp than in Tunica Swamp, contrary to expectations if contaminants in the former were negatively impacting population and community structure. Species richness differences between swamps were a consequence of catch differences, with higher catch corresponding to inclusion of more rare species. The lower catch in Tunica Swamp may have resulted from physical modifications of its waterways to support agriculture and hunting. The results of this study underscore the importance in factoring information on the taxonomy and ecology of organisms, and seasonal changes in environmental conditions, into assessments of contamination risks.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: subspecies ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A joint Mexico/United States expedition collected wild potato (Solanum sect.Petota) germplasm in Mexico between August 1–31, 1993. The purpose of the expedition was to expand germplasm and herbarium collections ofS. bulbocastanum andS. cardiophyllum. Collections were made from west-central to southern Mexico, and comprised 19 true seed and 37 tuber collections (45 collections in total) of 9 species and two putative natural hybrids.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Aphyllophorales ; ribosomalDNA ; synnematous hyphomycete ; taxonomy ; Tretopileus sphaerophorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tretopileus sphaerophorus, a synnematous hyphomycete with basidiomycetous affinities was newly isolated from the decaying petiole and peduncle ofCocos nucifera collected in Depok, Indonesia. The species produced first a bulbil as a propagule on the top of a synnema. After the bulbil had fallen, the synnema proliferated about seven times to produce new bulbils, each time making conspicuous nodes at the upper part. By careful morphological observation, clamp connections were confirmed on the hyphae in the specimens and culture. In culture, each hyphal cell with or without a clamp was found to be dikaryotic by DAPI nuclear staining. Germination of the bulbils occurred first from projecting hyphal tips on their upper surface, which have been treated as germ pores. The inner structure of the bulbils, the hyaline mucus of the bulbils, and conidium-like hyphal fragments were also examined. Phylogenetically,T. sphaerophorus was inferred to be related to the Aphyllophorales based on the nuclear encoded small subunit (18S) rDNA using the homology search system (FASTA) and the neighbour-joining method.
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  • 8
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    Mycoscience 39 (1998), S. 97-104 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Loculoascomycetes ; phyllachoraceae ; phyllachorales ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The order Phyllachorales contains ascomycetous fungi of considerable economic importance. The group is represented mostly by foliar parasites which produce perithecia under a clypeus, inside a stroma, or do not produce any stromatic tissue. A major taxonomic problem with this order is the lack of reliable morphological characters that clearly delimit the entire group. The main purpose of this review is to provide a clear picture of the taxonomic relationships of the order Phyllachorales, along with a key to the most important genera in the family Phyllachoraceae.
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  • 9
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    Mycoscience 36 (1995), S. 431-438 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Atkinsiella dubia ; Halocrusticida ; Japan ; marine fungus ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Atkinsiella dubia, isolated from the mantle of abalone (Haliotis sieboldii), is described and illustrated as a new record from Japan. The fungus was also obtained from the gills of swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus). Six other species of the genusAtkinsiella have hitherto been reported from various aquatic animals. The fungus is distinguished from the other six species by the morphology of its mycelia and the process of zoospore production. The most distinctive feature is that zoospores in the first motile stage ofA. dubia encyst in zoosporangia, unlike the other species. We therefore proposeHalocrusticida gen. nov. (Lagenidiales, Haliphthoraceae) for the other six species ofAtkinsiella. A key to species of the genusHalocrusticida is provided.
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  • 10
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    Mycoscience 39 (1998), S. 31-36 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Mycogloea ; Platygloea ; Platygloeaceae ; Platygloeales ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three new species ofMycogloea are described and illustrated; they are:M. amethystina from Canada,M. nipponica, from Japan, andM. bullata from Thailand.Mycogloea tahitiensis is reported from Japan and additional undescribed taxa in the genus are briefly noted. Some characteristics of the genus are discussed, and a key is provided for six species recognized at this time.
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  • 11
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    Plant systematics and evolution 139 (1982), S. 289-294 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Bacillariophyta ; Pennatae ; Fragilariaceae ; Licmophora gracilis var.anglica ; Auxospore formation ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract InLicmophora gracilis var.anglica two auxospores are produced per pair of mother-cells, through the allogamic fusion of migratory and stationary gametes. Both active gametes are produced from the same mother-cell and hence both zygotes are formed in the other mother-cell. Pairing can occur between two stalked cells, or between a stalked cell and a detached cell; in the latter case the migratory gametes derive from the detached cell. The auxospores expand parallel to one another and to the apical axis of the donor mother-cell. Behavioural anisogamy of this kind, which may be termed thecis-type, seems to be characteristic of most araphid pennates and contrasts with thetrans-type exhibited byCymbella, Gomphonema and some other raphid taxa, where each mother-cell produces one migratory and one stationary gamete.
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  • 12
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    Plant systematics and evolution 145 (1984), S. 105-118 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Rubiaceae ; Coffeeae ; Gardenieae ; Pavetteae ; Dictyandra ; Leptactina ; Tarenna ; Pavetta ; Dictyandra congolana sp. nova ; taxonomy ; morphology ; seed-coat ; palynology ; Flora of tropical Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The closely related African generaDictyandra andLeptactina are redelimited. The two genera are distinguished by long tubular corolla-tubes with included anthers (Leptactina) vs. much shorter tubes with exserted anthers (Dictyandra), rather than—as previously thought—presence or absence of multilocellate anthers. The discovery of a new species (Dictyandra congolana from the Congo and W-Zaire) confirms this. It can be concluded, especially from comparative morphological studies of fruits and seeds, thatDictyandra andLeptactina are related toPavetta, Tarenna, Ixora, etc., i.e. the group of genera in theCoffeeae s.l. with terminal inflorescences. It is proposed that the tribePavetteae be revived to accomodate those genera.
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  • 13
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    Plant systematics and evolution 146 (1984), S. 31-46 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Chlorophyceae ; Spermatozopsis ; Dunaliella ; D. salina ; Green flagellates ; ultrastructure ; taxonomy ; systematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure of the type species of the genusDunaliella, D. salina, has been reinvestigated in an attempt to clarify the relationships betweenDunaliella andSpermatozopsis. Dunaliella salina differs in the following ultrastructural characters fromSpermatozopsis (as exemplified byS. similis Preisig etMelkonian): presence of a distinctive surface coat covering the plasmalemma; presence of a prominent pyrenoid (with pairs of thylakoids partially entering the pyrenoid matrix); dictyosomes parabasal; endoplasmic reticulum closely underlying the plasmalemma around most of the cell; contractile vacuoles absent; cell form ovoid to elongated and not spirally twisted; mitochondrial profiles near the flagellar apparatus. Differences in the ultrastructure of the flagellar apparatus: basal body angle more or less fixed; distal connecting fibre cross-striated; system II fibre (rhizoplast) present, associated with mitochondrial profile; system I fibre underlying two-stranded microtubular root; mating structure present. These ultrastructural differences justify distinction between the two taxa at generic level. The problematical status of “freshwater” species ofDunaliella is briefly discussed.
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  • 14
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    Plant systematics and evolution 146 (1984), S. 57-74 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Chlorophyceae ; Spermatozopsis similis ; Green flagellate ; new species ; algal culture ; electron microscopy ; taxonomy ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The green flagellateSpermatozopsis similis spec. nova has been studied in culture by light and electron microscopy. The flagellate bears two flagella, is naked and has a characteristic crescent and spirally twisted cell shape. The two flagella are of subequal length, each with a prominent hair-point. Each cell contains two contractile vacuoles, a single chloroplast with an anterior eyespot but lacking a pyrenoid, an anteriorly located nucleus, a single dictyosome associated with the posterior end of the nucleus, a single mitochondrion posterior to the nucleus and associated with a small microbody, some conspicuous vacuoles, and a greater number of secondary cytoskeletal microtubules which probably are responsible for maintaining the peculiar shape of this species. SinceS. similis in culture is only biflagellate, it cannot be accommodated within the quadriflagellate, but otherwise very similar speciesS. exsultans. Spermatozopsis similis is compared with other green flagellates and is shown to share common ultrastructural characters withChlamydomonas-type green algae.
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  • 15
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    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1984), S. 103-117 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Algae ; Chrysophyceae ; Spiniferomonas septispina sp. n. ; S. enigmata sp. n. ; Chrysosphaerella ; Morphology ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two new species of non-colonial silica-scaled chrysophytes were discovered in Ontario and were assigned to the genusSpiniferomonas (Chrysophyceae) owing to their solitary cell habit. Scale structure in the two new species is distinctive but includes features common to bothSpiniferomonas andChrysosphaerella. The use of scale structure as the main diagnostic feature to distinguish the two genera is no longer acceptable. A more expedient separation of the two genera based on cell habit (solitary vs. colonial) is proposed and includes the transfer ofChrysospharella salina Birch-Andersen andChrysosphaerella coronacircumspina Wujek & Kristiansen to the genusSpiniferomonas as new combinations. The proposed revision is consistent with existing generic circumscriptions of other ochromonadalean forms with either solitary or colonial cell habit.
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  • 16
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    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1984), S. 165-167 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Cryptophyceae ; Bodonaceae ; Proteromonas steinii sp. n. ; Cryptomonas spp. div. ; Intracellular parasite ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new intracellular parasite inCryptomonas spp. div. previously known is described asProteromonas steinii spec. nova. The flagellate (infectious) stage isBodo-like, with a distinct kinetoplast. The immobile parasitic stage occurs in the cells of Cryptomonads as a multinucleate trophocyst with a thin mucilage envelope (pseudocyst), while the hypnocyst is uninucleate, walled and bearing two horned projections.
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  • 17
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    Plant systematics and evolution 198 (1995), S. 179-194 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Fabaceae ; Vicia sect.Faba ; Electrophoresis ; seed albumins ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Electrophoretic analysis of seed albumins (PAGE) covered 173 accessions representing nine species ofVicia sect.Faba. The number of albumin bands recorded in particular species varied from three inV. eristaloides to 23 inV. faba; in total, 38 bands were distinguished in the investigated material. The examined species, exceptV. eristalioides, showed intraspecific variation with respect to the number and relative staining intensity of albumin bands; individual variation was especially marked inV. faba and inV. narbonensis. Hierarchical clustering of the investigated taxa was based onBhattacharyya distances calculated from the electrophoretic data. The taxa grouped in three main clusters.Vicia faba and the rather remotely relatedV. kalakhensis formed one cluster. The second cluster was composed ofV. narbonensis distantly related toV. hyaeniscyamus. The third cluster comprised three subgroups: 1.V. johannis, V. galilaea andV. serratifolia, 2.V. eristalioides, and 3.V. bithynica. The obtained results are discussed with reference to taxonomic relationships inVicia sect.Faba.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Fabaceae ; Vicia faba ; trnL intron ; PCR-sequencing ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chloroplasttrnL intron from 46 differentVicia accessions, representing five of the nine sections of the genusVicia subg.Vicia sensuMaxted (1991a) were amplified by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers homologous to conserved regions intrnL. The products fell into two distinct groups; those of approximately 250 nt and those of around 450 nt in length. Of these, products from 17 differentVicia species were cloned and their nucleotide sequences determined. Multiple alignments were assembled and phylogenetic trees constructed by the weighted least-squares distance method. ALathyrus latifolius trnL intron sequence was used as an outgroup. The resulting trees clearly group and separate the sectt.Narbonensis, Bithynica andFaba species but were less able to distinguish species from sectt.Hypechusa andPeregrinae. Based on these sequence data,V. faba appears to be more distant from sect.Narbonensis than sectt.Hypechusa andPeregrinae. The results are in general agreement with a recent treatment ofVicia subg.Vicia (Maxted 1993) and lend further support to placingV. faba in the monospecific sect.Faba.
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  • 19
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    Plant systematics and evolution 213 (1998), S. 173-186 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Fabaceae ; Vicia ; sect.Bithynicae ; sect.Narbonensis ; Allozymes ; genetic diversity ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Electrophoretic analysis of five enzyme systems, LAP, PGI, SKDH, SOD and 6-PGDH, among 102Vicia accessions representingV. bithynica and seven species of theV. narbonensis complex, namelyV. eristalioides, V. kalakhensis, V. johannis, V. galilaea, V. serratifolia, V. narbonensis andV. hyaeniscyamus, has been performed. The recorded variation was tentatively assigned to 41 allelic genes at eight loci; intraspecific variation was observed in all species except forV. eristalioides. The results obtained were compared with the corresponding data reported earlier forV. faba. Hierarchical grouping of the investigated taxa, includingV. faba, was based onNei's genetic identities calculated from the allozyme frequency data.Vicia faba andV. bithynica were shown to be most distantly related to one another and to the remaining species investigated.Vicia serratifolia appeared to be a peripheral member of theV. narbonensis complex. The results are discussed with reference to genetic diversity and taxonomic relationships of the species under study.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Dunaliella ; ITS ; PCR ; RFLP ; strains ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genus Dunaliella comprises 28 species defined primarily by morphological and physiological criteria, which vary considerably depending on growth conditions. Concomitantly, the taxonomic status of various species is uncertain. To confirm the taxonomic identity and to better understand the relationship within Dunaliella, seven taxa ( D. salina, D. bardawil, D. tertiolecta, D. parva, D. viridis, D. lateralis, D. peircei) were compared using RFLP analysis of the nuclear rDNA repeats, specifically the internal transcribed spacer regions, including the 5.8S rRNA gene. Volvox aureus was used as an outgroup. A single ITS PCR amplification product was obtained for each taxon. An ITS fragment of ca. 640 bp was present in all the taxa within the subgenus Dunaliella, except for D. salina CCMP 1303 (ca. 540 bp) and D. lateralis (subgenus Pascheria) (ca. 600 bp). A cluster analysis based on the presence or absence of bands generated by digestion of the PCR product with 8 restriction endonucleases (DpnI, HhaI, EcoRI, PvuII, TaqI, HaeIII, MspI, StyI) revealed no correlation between the genetic relationship inferred from the ITS-RFLP data and the morpho-physiological attributes used for taxonomy. In addition, differences in morphology, physiology and in the length and restriction fragment patterns of the ITS region of D. salina CCMP 1303 suggest that this strain does not belong to Dunaliella.
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  • 21
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    Biodiversity and conservation 4 (1995), S. 183-205 
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: biological collections ; conservation ; biodiversity information ; phylogenetic systematics ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Systematics and taxonomy are essential: they respectively elucidate life's history, and organize and verify biological knowledge. This knowledge is built of interrelated concepts which are ultimately accounted for by biological specimens. Such knowledge is essential to decide how much and what biodiversity survives human onslaughts. The preservation of specimens in natural history collections is the essential part of the process which builds and maintains biological knowledge. These collections and the human expertise essential to interpret specimens are the taxonomic resources which maintain accurate and verifiable concepts of biological entities. Present and future knowledge of the complexities and diversity of the biosphere depends on the integrity of taxonomic resources, vet widespread ignorance and disregard for their fundamental value has created a global crisis. Preservation of specimens in natural history collections is chronically neglected and support to study and manage collections is very insufficient. The knowledge held by experienced taxonomists is not being passed on to younger recruits. Neglect of collections has destroyed countless specimens and threatens millions more. These threats to taxonomic resources not only impinge on systematics but all biology: this tragedy jeopardizes the integrity of biological knowledge. The consequences for environmental conservation and therefore humanity are also of dire severity and the biodiversity crisis adds unprecedented weight to the barely recognized crisis in taxonomy and systematics.
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    Mycoscience 39 (1998), S. 333-335 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Cortinarius prunicola ; Cortinarius Sect.Sericeocybe ; new species ; Rosaceae ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cortinarius prunicola sp. nov., found in orchards and plantations ofPrunus mume, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by its dry and violet-white carpophores, unpleasant odor, and its close association withP. mume in spring and early summer. The differences betweenC. prunicola and similar species are briefly discussed.
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  • 23
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    Biology and philosophy 10 (1995), S. 223-228 
    ISSN: 1572-8404
    Keywords: Clade ; class ; definition ; defining property ; individual ; intension ; name ; organism ; ostensive definition ; species ; taxon ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Philosophy
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    Journal of applied phycology 10 (1998), S. 237-251 
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Gelidiales ; Gelidiella ; Gelidium ; Pterocladia ; Pterocladiella ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Segregating Pterocladiella from Pterocladia stimulated new taxonomic studies of the species originally assigned to Pterocladia. A total of 28 species are ascribed to the genus, one of them with doubts. Thirteen of the 27 names are synonyms. Three of the remaining 14 species belong with Gelidium, including G. americanum, G. mcnabbianum (Dawson) comb. nov. and G. musciformis. Seven other species belong with Pterocladiella, including P. bartlettii (Taylor) comb. nov., P. bulbosa, P. caerulescens, P. caespitosa (Kylin) comb. nov., P. caloglossoides (Howe) comb. nov., P. capillacea and P. melanoidea. Two species are retained in Pterocladia, the type P. lucida and P. rectangularis. Two others, P. heteroplatos and P. media are placed in incertae sedis as additional studies of fertile materials are needed to determine their generic status. The genus Pterocladia now appears to include two large-sized species restricted to Australia-New Zealand. Pterocladiella has 8 small-sized species (including P. minima), mainly inhabiting tropical and subtropical waters. Future research documenting sexual reproduction in Gelidiella and solving the presently recognized heterogeneity in Gelidium will help to trace the relationships between Pterocladiella and these two genera.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: citrus bacterial canker ; detection ; epidemiology ; monoclonal antibodies ; variability ; taxonomy
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri were isolated from Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia) trees in several countries in southwest Asia. These strains produced typical erumpent bacterial canker lesions on Mexican lime but not on grapefruit (C. paradisi). Lesions on grapefruit were watersoaked and blister-like in contrast to the typical erumpent lesions seen after artificial inoculation with all described pathotypes of X. axonopodis pv. citri. This group of strains hydrolysed gelatin and casein and grew in the presence of 3% NaCl as is typical of X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A. RFLP analyses and DNA probe hybridization assays also gave results consistent with X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A. Metabolic fingerprints prepared with the Biolog® system showed similarities as well as differences to X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A. In spite of the physiological and genetic similarities to pathotype A of X. axonopodis pv. citri, these strains had no or very little affinity for polyclonal antiserum prepared against any of the reference strains of X. axonopodis pv. citri and also did not react with monoclonal antibody A1, an antibody that detects all strains of pathotype A of X. axonopodis pv. citri. These strains were also insensitive to bacteriophage Cp3 like X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A and unlike X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype B. We conclude that these strains, designated Xcc-A*, represent a variant of X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype-A with pathogenicity limited to C. aurantifolia. The existence of extensive genotypic and phenotypic variation within pathotype A of X. axonopodis pv. citri was unexpected and further complicates the systematics of this species.
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    Hydrobiologia 310 (1995), S. 79-86 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: marine nematodes ; Epsilonematidae ; Leptepsilonema ; taxonomy ; new species
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genusLeptepsilonema is recorded for the first time from the Mediterranean:L. santii sp.n. is characterised by a slender body with a large number of annules (122–128). Cuticular ornamentation with clear ridges and a lateral field of small thorns on both sides of the anteriormost annules are also typical as well as the number and arrangement of copulatory thorns (2–3 pairs, 2 fields), the shape and length (49–58 µm) of spicules in males.L. filiforme is recorded from New Caledonia; specimens largely resemble the original types but are larger. The variability of some morphological structures is discussed.
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  • 27
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    Hydrobiologia 298 (1995), S. 287-293 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: India ; Pakistan ; Sri Lanka ; species richness ; taxonomy ; zoogeography
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract There are 15 species of Anostraca belonging to 6 genera on the Indian Subcontinent. These are:Artemia sp. (reportedly a bisexual form of undetermined species);Artemia parthenogenetica Bowen & Sterling, 1978;Branchinecta orientalis Sars, 1901;Branchinella hardingi (Qadri & Baqai, 1956);Branchinella kugenumaensis (Ishikawa, 1895);Branchinella ornata Daday, 1910;Branchipodopsis acanthopenes (Malhotra & Duda, 1970);Branchipodopsis affinis Sars, 1901;Branchipus schaefferi Fischer, 1834;Chirocephalus priscus (Daday, 1910);Streptocephalus dichotomus Baird, 1860;Streptocephalus echinus Bond, 1934;Streptocephalus longimanus Bond, 1934;Streptocephalus simplex Gurney, 1906;Streptocephalus spinifer Gurney, 1906. Comparing numbers of species for southern India with other reasonably well studied areas, demonstrated that anostracan species richness is higher in the climatically more varied temperate regions than it is in the more uniform tropics. Tropical South India has six species compared to 13 in Arizona (USA), 19 in California (USA), 10 in Morocco, and 14 in Italy.
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    Hydrobiologia 298 (1995), S. 307-313 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Tanymastix ; Anostraca ; taxonomy ; zoogeography ; Macedonia
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genusTanymastix Simon, 1886 is represented in Macedonia by two species:Tanymastix stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) andTanymastix motasi Orghidan, 1945. The fairy shrimpT. stagnalis has been found exclusively in the rock pools containing only several litres of water, above the village of Stracin, N. E. Macedonia.T. motasi is present only in the shallow rainpools, less than 15 cm in depth, scattered over an area of untilled, highly-mineralized pasture land in the Pelagonia Plain, S. W. Macedonia. BothTanymastix species are the only anostracans in their biotopes. In Stracin, all the neighbouring rain pools in soil substrat are occupied byChirocephalus diaphanus carinatus (Daday, 1910). In Pelagonia, the deeper water bodies are generally inhabited byChirocephalus pelagonicus Petkovski, 1986 andChirocephalus diaphanus carinatus (Daday, 1910). On the basis of abundant material of both species, a detailed study of essential morphological characters has been carried out and comparisions with data given in the literature have been made. InT. stagnalis, aberrant morphological features were not ascertained. InT. motasi, the originaldescription of the species, hitherto known only for the Giurgiu Region in Rumania, is supplemented by additional diagnostic characteristics.
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    Hydrobiologia 299 (1995), S. 249-257 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Keratella ; Rotifera ; taxonomy ; polymorphism ; lateral antennae ; South America
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphological characteristics ofKeratella lenzi (f.ayui) f. nov. and the phylogenetic and ecological implications of the appearance of posterolateral spines inK. lenzi Hauer, 1953 are discussed. The morphotype is described after detailed observations using light and scanning electron microscopy, and compared with otherKeratella species of the superspecies ‘valga’. The pores of the lateral antennae are described, and proposed as a new character for future comparative research. Some ecological information is also given.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Antartica ; Weddell Sea ; new genus ; Archilaophonte maxima ; taxonomy
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    Notes: Abstract Male and female of a new genus and species of the family Laophontidae, Archilaophonte maxima, are described. The specimen was found in the high Antartic (Weddell Sea) and apprears to be the most primitive genus up to now within the superfamily Laophontoidea as defined by Huys (1990). Based on its setation of legs and mouth parts, however, it can be placed unequivocally into the family Laophontidae. Archilaophonte maxima gen. n. shows close affinities to the laophontid genus Esola Edwards 1891. Both genera form a monophyletic group which is interpreted here as the first and most primitive offshot in the evolution of the Laophontidae. The synapomorphies of the former lineage are the shape of the protopodite of the P1 and shape and setation of the female P5.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rotifera ; zoogeography ; Thailand ; taxonomy ; B. niwati n.sp.
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    Notes: Abstract Ninety-three freshwater habitats in the north-eastern part of Thailand were surveyed for rotifers during March–October 1993. Two hundred species were identified, 120 of which are new to Thailand. Brachionus africanuss Segers, B. lyratus Shephard and Trichocerca hollaerti De Smet are new to Asia. Brachionus niwati n.sp. is described and figured. Brachionus donneri Brehm, Keratella edmondsoni (Ahlstrom) and Lecane blachei Berziņš, endemic to south and southeast Asia, were found also. Comments are presented on some insufficiently known taxa. Of special zoogeographic interest is the record of several species previously considered endemic to Australia. An attempt is made to characterise the Thai rotifer fauna in the light of recent developments in rotifer zoogeography.
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  • 32
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    Hydrobiologia 369-370 (1998), S. 363-372 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Euglenophyta ; South America ; geographical distribution ; taxonomy
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    Notes: Abstract A taxonomic revision of the Euglenophyta found exclusively in South America is presented. The taxonomy, geographical distribution and critical analysis of the synonyms are given. More than two hundred species and infraspecific entities from South America are described, many of them recorded several times in different regions. The genus Trachelomonas comprises the highest number of new taxa, reaching more than 100 entities. It is followed by Phacus (48 taxa), Strombomonas (33 taxa), Euglena (15 taxa) Lepocinclis (14 taxa), and Distigma, Entosiphon and Sphenomonas with one new taxon each.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Neocervinia itoi ; Copepoda ; Harpacticoida ; taxonomy ; cold-seep ; Japan
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    Notes: Abstract A new species of harpacticoid copepod, Neocervinia itoi (Cerviniidae), is described on the basis of females and copepodids collected from the Hatsushima cold-seep site in Sagami Bay, Japan. It is morphologically very close to its deep-sea congeners N. tenuicauda (Brotskaya, 1963) and N. unisetosa (Montagna, 1981). The new species differs primarily in the segmentation of the antennule and the endopod of both mandible and maxilliped, and in form and shape of the setae on leg 5. The presence of sensillar structures on the proximal part of the antennule is discussed. A key to the species of Neocervinia is presented.
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  • 34
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    Hydrobiologia 310 (1995), S. 119-122 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Keratella ; taxonomy ; morphology ; Rotifera ; Mexico
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new species of Keratella is described from a small reservoir in Aguascalientes, Mexico. The species appears related to K. slacki Bērziņčss, 1963 and K. lenzi Hauer, 1953.
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  • 35
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    Hydrobiologia 316 (1995), S. 43-58 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Daphniidae ; taxonomy ; biogeography ; Simocephalus latirostris ; S. lusaticus ; S. mesorostris sp. n. ; S. (Aquipiculus) subgen. n
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    Notes: Abstract The group of 3 species: Simocephalus latirostris, S. lusaticus and a new species, S. mesorostris, is given the rank of a subgenus. Descriptions and a key for the identification of these species are given. The unknown male of S. latirostris is described. The comparison of the lectotype of S. latitrostis with material from different regions shows that this species is not pantropical as previously supposed. It occurs only in South and Central America. S. mesorostris n. sp., living in Australia, the Malay Archipelago, South-East Asia and Africa, was previously confused with S. latirostris.
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  • 36
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    Hydrobiologia 316 (1995), S. 1-32 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Africa ; autapomorphic characters ; convergence ; evolution ; freshwaters snails ; Lanistes ; Mollusca ; palaeolimnology ; palaeontology ; Pila ; predator/prey coevolution ; riftlakes ; taxonomy ; punctuated equilibrium
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    Notes: Abstract The Albertine Rift Valley (Uganda-Zaire) contains vast sedimentary sequences of late Cenozoic age. They were deposited in an extensive riftlake, Lake Obweruka, which existed from c. 8 Ma to 2.5 Ma and was comparable in size and depth to the present L. Tanganyika. Many freshwater molluscs that occur in these lacustrine deposits are characterised by their aberrant shell morphology, their extreme ornamentation and general form, making them resemble marine species. This convergence, rare in freshwater molluscs, is called thalassoidism and extreme ornamentation in marine as well as in freshwater molluscs is considered to be the result of a gradual process of prey/predator coevolution. In the present paper the Albertine representants of the ampullariid genera Lanistes and Pila, most of which are new to science, are taxonomically described and their phylogenetic relation, based upon apomorphic characters, is given. In addition the evolutionary history of these freshwater snails in the basin has been reconstructed. In the pre-riftlake environment 3 species of Lanistes occurred, with no special shell adaptations against predation. After the formation of a riftlake, 2 of these, colonising the new lacustrine ecospace, changed morphologically and radiated. The 3 derived lines show minor adaptations against predation. After the extinction of the dominant Lanistes species group around 6 Ma, the sole surviving lacustrine Lanistes suddenly radiates, the ancestral line persisting next to the 3 new daughter lines. This second morphological shift is spectacular as it produces shells with distinct thalassoid features. All the Lanistes species of L. Obweruka became extinct during a cataclysmic event around 4.5 Ma. Populations of the genus Pila colonised lacustrine habitats after this event, the derived form also showing striking thalassoid characters. There is no doubt that the intense morphological change occurred during a brief period, geologically speaking. The degree of morphological change in molluscs appears hence not to be linked with time. After the sudden radiation all lineages remain morphologically stable until they became extinct c. 1 Ma later. This pattern corresponds to the punctuated equilibrium model. Other groups (viviparids, thiarids) show more gradual changes.
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    International journal of primatology 19 (1998), S. 879-905 
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Keywords: Alouatta seniculus ; taxonomy ; geographic distribution ; Guianas
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cytogenetic and morphological studies have begun to reexamine the taxonomy of the red howlers Alouatta seniculus which live throughout the northern and western Amazon basin, in the Guianas, and from northern Colombia and Venezuela, south to Bolivia. We briefly review the current state of knowledge of the taxonomy and distributions of red howlers, in particular, that of the Guianan subspecies. Recently, two names have been applied to populations from this region, Simia straminea Humboldt, 1812, and Alouatta macconnelli Elliot, 1910. Allen (1911, 1916) unquestioningly accepted the validity of A. macconnelli from the Guyana coast, but most subsequent taxonomic revisions (Cruz Lima, 1945; Cabrera, 1957; Husson, 1978) have synonymized it with S. straminea. Tate (1939) and Hill (1962) listed Alouatta seniculus macconnelli, but both doubted its validity. Nevertheless, recent cytogenetic and morphological studies, without due consideration of the taxonomic history of the two scientific names, have led to the resurrection of A. macconnelli, as distinct from S. straminea. The use of the name Alouatta macconnelli has evidently arisen from a cursory reading of Hill (1962) or an uncritical interpretation of his provisional subspecific distribution map or both. There are also contradictory interpretations of a reciprocal translocation as indicating that Simia straminea and Alouatta macconnelli are separate species (Bonvicino et al., 1995) or the same subspecies (Sampaio et al., 1996). Doubts about the type locality of Simia straminea Humboldt, 1812, as given by Hill (1962), led us to research its original description and to conclude that Simia straminea is a synonym of Alouatta caraya and therefore unavailable for Alouatta seniculus. Before A. macconnelli is accepted as the next available name for the Guianan red howlers, however, we advocate a thorough review of Guianan, Venezuelan, and Colombian red howler subspeciation, with due consideration for the taxonomic status of Mycetes auratus and Mycetes laniger Gray, 1845. We note that Alouatta guariba (Humboldt, 1812) is a senior synonym of Alouatta fusca (Saint-Hilaire, 1812).
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    Plant systematics and evolution 139 (1982), S. 267-277 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Cyanophyceae ; Chamaesiphonales ; Chamaesiphon ; Ultrathin sections ; cell wall ; cell structures ; cell division ; taxonomy
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    Notes: Abstract Ultrathin sections were studied in 2 strains and 2 samples from the nature of the genusChamaesiphon, representing 4 different species. Thylakoids are distributed mainly on the periphery of the cells, the cell-wall is probably 2-layered, and variable multilayered mucilaginous envelopes are developed around the cells. The cell division starts, as well as in otherCyanophyceae, by the invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane and of cell-wall layers into the protoplast; the mucilaginous envelopes—pseudovaginae—do not participate in this process but they form only the firm sheaths around the cells. The way of reproduction is, therefore, essentially the same as that described in other chroococcal Blue-Green algae (e.g.,Synechococcus), and the main difference is the polarized growth of theChamaesiphon cells. The taxonomical position of chamaesiphonoid algae is not as isolated as it was earlier supposed, the similarity withEntophysalidaceae is evident.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 209 (1998), S. 1-31 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Fabaceae ; Podalyrieae ; Liparieae ; Morphology ; chromosome numbers ; chemical compounds ; taxonomy ; generic relationships
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    Notes: Abstract Taxonomic relationships amongst the genera of the southern African tribesPodalyrieae andLiparieae are discussed. Data gained from morphological, cytological and chemical investigations are analyzed cladistically to determine relationships. The genusCadia (tribeSophoreae) is included in the investigation to establish whether it should be transferred to thePodalyrieae. The results clearly indicate that thePodalyrieae andLiparieae are monophyletic and that they should be united, but thatHypocalyptus andCadia should be excluded. Within the monophyletic group, there are two distinct subclades each supported by three apomorphies. The results also show that there is a strong sister relationship betweenAmphithalea andCoelidium. In the taxonomic treatment theLiparieae are placed into synonymy under thePodalyrieae and two subtribes are recognized. A key to the genera in the tribe is given, followed by a synopsis of the genera.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 211 (1998), S. 43-56 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Ranunculaceae ; Adonis ; Morphology ; growth pattern ; taxonomy ; ecology ; climatic requirements ; evolution
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    Notes: Abstract Adonis sect.Consiligo is split into three subsections based on morphology, growth pattern, pollen and fruit morphology. For all species distribution maps are provided and discussed with regard to their ecology and climatic requirements. These data reveal additional characters that support the classification of the taxa. Most species of the section grow in continental Eurasiatic steppes and mountain steppe habitats. Only the species of subsect.Amurenses grow in Far Eastern temperate forests and prefer a more oceanic climate. The taxonomic position of these strongly divergent species is supported by the distributional and ecological data. The evolution ofAdonis sect.Consiligo occurred under strong climatic control. During evolution the taxa could only slightly widen their ecological amplitude and, thus, ecology remained rather stable except that of the subsect.Amurenses. Ecological and distributional data can be used to validate taxonomy and phylogeny and reveal additional informations.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 195 (1995), S. 77-86 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Fabaceae ; Lupinus ; Lupins ; 2S albumins ; conglutin δ ; RP-HPLC ; taxonomy
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    Notes: Abstract Seed albumins and 2S proteins isolated from the albumin fraction of 36 accessions representing 10 Old-WorldLupinus species (5 smooth- and 5 rough-seeded) were studied using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, the globulin fraction was analyzed to determine its 2S protein content. The performed separations showed the suitability of RP-HPLC technique in the analysis of variation of the seed albumin composition in lupins. In the group of rough-seeded lupins, 3 types of RP-HPLC elution profiles of albumins were distinguished: (1)L. atlanticus, (2)L. cosentinii andL. digitatus, (3)L. palaestinus andL. pilosus. All the species of this group were found to have proteins not observed in smooth-seeded species. Smooth-seeded species exhibited more abundant protein spectra, each species distinguishing by its specific RP-HPLC elution profile. It was found that 2S proteins classified as 2S albumins were responsible for the observed variation. Depending onLupinus species, the 2S albumin class consists of two to six proteins.
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  • 42
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    Plant systematics and evolution 197 (1995), S. 149-193 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Asteraceae ; Senecioneae ; Blennospermatinae ; Abrotanella ; Revision ; morphology ; taxonomy
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The amphi-pacific genusAbrotanella (Gaudich.)Cass. of the southern hemisphere in theAsteraceae (Senecioneae, Blennospermatinae) is revised and 18 species are recognized. Three new species are described:A. fertilis Swenson from New Zealand,A. purpurea Swenson andA. trilobata Swenson from southern South America. The sexual function of central florets, perfect or functionally male, floret vascular pattern, and internal secretory spaces in the phyllaries are shown to be taxonomically informative for the circumscription of the species. Central without marginal vascular tissue in the lobes of florets, a unique pattern forAsteraceae, is reported. A diagnostic key, line drawings, descriptions, and distribution maps are supplied for all species.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 197 (1995), S. 233-242 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Asclepiadaceae ; Stapelieae ; Ceropegiinae ; Brachystelma ; Caralluma ; Ceropegia ; Neoschumannia ; Swynnertonia ; Morphology ; taxonomy ; Flora of East Africa ; West Africa
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    Notes: Abstract A comparison of the West AfricanNeoschumannia Schltr. and the East AfricanSwynnertonia S. Moore reveals that the two monotypic genera must be united.Swynnertonia is sunk into synonymy ofNeoschumannia and the new combinationNeoschumannia cardinea (S. Moore)Meve is made for the East African species.Neoschumannia is shown to belong to the tribeStapelieae. The taxon exhibits a very unusual character combination: the growth form of a woody liana is combined with a tripartite corona unique within theAsclepiadaceae. The morphology of the corona suggests a position ofNeoschumannia close to the base of theStapelieae —Ceropegiinae alliance.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 210 (1998), S. 25-39 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Cyanophyta ; Cyanobacteria ; Cyanothece ; Synechococcus ; Cyanobium ; Ultrastructure ; nucleoids ; taxonomy
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fine structure of the type species of the genusCyanothece Komárek 1976,C. aeruginosa, is described and compared with the main cytological characteristics of morphologically related members of the generaCyanobium, Cyanobacterium andSynechococcus. Several morphological features, such as cell walls with thick outer layers containing a special type of vesicles, position of thylakoids, “keritomy” (net-like appearance of protoplast caused by arrangement of thylakoids, net-like nucleoids and/or by tendency to form intrathylakoidal spaces) and a special structure of mucilaginous envelopes were found to be characteristic of this genus, supporting its separate position among coccal cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacteria, cyanophytes). The taxonomic significance of ultrastructural features in all mentioned genera is discussed.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 213 (1998), S. 121-151 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Boraginaceae ; Boragineae ; Palynology ; phenetics ; stereostructure ; systematics ; taxonomy ; ultrastructure
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    Notes: Abstract The results of a comparative survey on pollen morphology in theBoragineae by means of light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy are presented and discussed in relation to the taxonomy of the tribe. Multivariate analyses lead to the recognition of 15 pollen morphotypes for which a discriminant key is proposed. The discriminatory characters concern mainly the stereostructural and ultrastructural features of the grains, such as tectum sculpture and aperture morphology, while the number of apertures appears variable within genera and even single species. Seven out of the 12 investigated genera, as currently circumscribed, are matched by palynological data:Anchusella, Borago, Brunnera, Elizaldia, Lithodora, Symphytum andTrachystemon. On account of aperture shape,Lithodora is however closer to theLithospermeae than to theBoragineae. Other genera, and in particularNonea, show a wide variation in tectum ornamentation, shape of grains and number of apertures. Palynological data do not support a broad concept of the genusAnchusa, and point to the autonomy of the ‘satellite’ generaHormuzakia, Gastrocotyle, Phyllocara, Pentaglottis andCynoglottis.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: AP PCR ; Erwinia ; Klebsiella ; nitrogen-fixing bacteria ; phytopathogenicity ; ribosomal DNA ; taxonomy
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Enterobacteria isolates from potato tubers were able to fix nitrogen, to protect plants against phytopathogens and to produce phytohormones thus increasing the plant yield. These isolates were previously phenotypically identified as Erwinia carotovora; however, they differed from typical E. carotovora in a number of biological characteristics and were found to be nonphytopathogenic (avirulent) due to the lack of pectate lyase activity. A data matrix, containing 31 strains and 105 biological characteristics was used for computer cluster analysis. The avirulent strains formed a separate cluster more closely related to Klebsiella spp. strains (with a 0.67 level of similarity) than to typical phytopathogenic bacteria of the E. carotovora group (with a 0.48 level of similarity). A phylogenetic analysis based on restriction polymorphisms of an amplified ribosomal DNA spacer region revealed that the avirulent strains studied here were different from all Erwinia, Klebsiella and other enterobacteria species strains. The AP PCR/hybridization technique showed cross homology of amplified DNA of these avirulent strains and a lack of such homology with the DNA from strains of other species. Numerical taxonomy data, rDNA analysis and AP PCR/hybridization assays confirmed that these avirulent bacteria may be regarded as an independent group of enterobacteria.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azorhizobium ; Bradyrhizobium ; inoculation ; legumes ; N2 fixation ; nodulation ; rhizobial ecology ; Rhizobium ; symbiosis ; taxonomy
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Inputs of biologically fixed nitrogen derived from the symbiotic relationship between legumes and their root-nodule bacteria into terrestrial ecosystems amount to at least 70 million metric tons per year. It is obvious that this enormous quantity will need to be augmented as the world's population increases and as the natural resources that supply fertilizer nitrogen diminish. This objective will be achieved through the development of superior legume varieties, improvement in agronomic practice, and increased efficiency of the nitrogen fixation process itself by better management of the symbiotic relationship between plant and bacteria. This paper considers ways and means by which populations of root-nodule bacteria, established and introduced, can be manipulated ecologically, agronomically, edaphically and genetically to improve legume productivity and, as a consequence, soil fertility.
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  • 48
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: chloroplast DNA ; eggplant ; PCR ; RFLP ; Solanum ; taxonomy
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract RFLP analysis of a PCR amplified 3.2-kbp region of cpDNA bounded by the conserved sequences in rbc L and ORF 106 was performed in eggplant (Solanum melongena), its related Solanum species, S. incanum, S. virginianum (= S. surattense), S. torvum, S. aethiopicum (= S. gilo), S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium), S. violaceum (= S. indicum), S. violaceum (= S. sanitwongsei) and S. mammosum and the reciprocal hybrids between S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium) and S. melongena 'Uttara'. The target region of cpDNA was amplified correctly by PCR. The amplified products were digested with each of 10 restriction enzymes (Alu I, Ase I, BamH I, Hinf I, Msp I, Rsa I, ScrF I, Sty I, Taq I and Xba I). Variations of restriction patterns among the species were recognized after digesting the amplified products with each of the seven restriction enzymes, Taq I, Alu I, Rsa I, Sty I, Ase I, Hinf I and Xba I. The restriction patterns divided the examined nine species into the following five clusters, 1) S. melongena and S. incanum, 2) S. virginianum (= S. surattense), 3) S. torvum, 4) S. aethiopicum (= S. gilo), S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium), S. violaceum (= S. indicum) and S. violaceum (= S. sanitwongsei) and 5) S. mammosum. The restriction pattern with Alu I in each of the reciprocal hybrids between S. melongena 'Uttara' and S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium) was identical with that of seed parent. The present study demonstrated the availability of the PCR-RFLP analysis of cpDNA for assessing taxonomic relationships and identifying cytoplasmic parentage of interspecific hybrids in eggplant and related Solanum species.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; taxonomy ; population dynamics ; biomass
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Filinia terminalis kergueleniensis nov. spp. (FamilyFiliniidae Bartos 1959), from Lake Studer 2 is described and figured.Filinia terminalis kergueleniensis differs from the type in length of bristles and their insertion.Keratella sancta was found again; it is the third record after its discovery by Russel 1944 in New Zealand.Notholca cf.jugosa Gosse 1889 is also found in the plankton of the subantarctic lake. The new subspecies andKeratella sancta occur all year round, whileNotholca cf.jugosa is sporadic. Population dynamics appear to be dependent on changes in temperature and chlorophyll content. We have estimated the relative contribution of these three species to community biomass from their numerical abundance and measured volumes. The major community biomass peak lasts from March to June with a secondary maximum between October and January.
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  • 50
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    Hydrobiologia 114 (1984), S. 123-147 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Nematodes ; freeliving ; marine ; brackish ; taxonomy ; new species ; Viscosia
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Viscosia coomansi sp. nov. and Viscosia heterolaina sp. nov. are described from Lake Grevelingen and Eastern Scheldt (The Netherlands). Viscosia glabra (Bastian, 1865) de Man 1890, Viscosia franzii Boucher 1977, and Viscosia viscosa (Bastian 1865) de Man 1890 are redescribed, taking into account new important characters. Juvenile specimens are depicted for V. viscosa. Viscosia carnleyensis Ditlevsen, 1921 is synonymized with Viscosia glabra (Bastian, 1865). Mononcholaimus viscosus Allgén, 1930 and Mononcholaimus elegans sensu Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1942, 1950 (nec. Kreis, 1924) are synonymized with Viscosia viscosa (Bastian, 1865).
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  • 51
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    Hydrobiologia 114 (1984), S. 149-156 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: female ; Pseudostenhelia secunda ; Copepoda ; Harpacticoida ; taxonomy ; identification keys ; India
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The hitherto unknown female of Pseudostenhelia secunda Wells, 1971 collected from Lake Kolleru, India, is described and illustrated. It can be readily diagnosed inter alia by the abdominal ornamentation, and by the setation of legs 2–4. The original description of the male of this species is supplemented. Further, keys are furnished for identifying both sexes of the three known species of the genus Pseudostenhelia Wells.
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  • 52
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 59-62 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Gracilaria ; taxonomy ; systematics ; marine algae ; morphology
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  • 53
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 201-208 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; conchocelis ; endolith ; Rhodophyta ; culture ; development ; taxonomy ; morphology ; influence of substrate mineralogy ; morphometry
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  • 54
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 229-232 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Ulva ; taxonomy ; phenology
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  • 55
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    Hydrobiologia 287-388 (1998), S. 35-37 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rotifera ; Keratella trapezoida n. sp. ; taxonomy
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new species of planktonic rotifer, Keratella trapezoida n. sp. is described from the Yangtze River, P.R. China. The new morphospecies is characterized by its four enclosed dorsal median facets, nearly trapezoid shape of the first median facet on dorsal plate, and the caudal median facet with parallel margins and being open posteriorly.
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  • 56
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    Hydrobiologia 305 (1995), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Plathelminthes ; Platyhelminthes ; taxonomy
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  • 57
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: multivariate analysis ; Oryza ; O. glumaepatula ; O. nivara ; O. rufipogon ; taxonomy ; wild rices
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This study was carried out to clarify the taxonomic status of the New World diploid wild rice species, Oryza glumaepatula. The morphological variation of 26 diploid rice accessions in the International Rice Genebank at IRRI from South America and Cuba was compared with that of O. rufipogon and O. nivara from Asia. The 28 morphological characters included 16 spikelet and grain, eight leaf and culm, and four panicle characters, and were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis. The first two principal components accounted for 53.6% of the total variation. The first component was characterized by leaf and sterile lemma characters, 5-panicle dry weight, and grain length, and the second by anther length and its ratio to grain length, grain width, thickness, and 20-hulled grain weight. The characters effectively differentiated the wild rices from Surinam, French Guiana, and the lower Amazon River basin in Brazil, which showed high negative scores along both axes, from other accessions from Venezuela, Colombia, and Cuba, and the Asian species. Most of the accessions from South America are quite distinct from O. rufipogon, with which they have often been grouped as a single species in some taxonomic treatments. Groupings obtained from cluster analysis corresponded closely with the results from PCA. This study supports a distinct taxonomic status of a group of diploid wild rices from South America as O. glumaepatula.
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  • 58
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    Hydrobiologia 119 (1984), S. 107-117 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: taxonomy ; estuarine crustaceans ; Copepoda ; Halicyclops ; Neotropical Region ; Brazil
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four new species of Halicyclops are described and figured from plankton samples of the brackish waters of Pomonga River, Sergipe State (NE Brazil). The ornamentation of the median apical setae of the furcal rami is proposed as useful diagnostic character for species distinction.
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  • 59
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    Hydrobiologia 119 (1984), S. 181-191 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Desmoscolecida ; Desmoscolex ; Nematoda ; Solomon Islands ; morphology ; taxonomy
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two new desmoscolecid species are described: Desmoscolex koloensis sp. nov. and D. parakoloensis sp. nov. Additional information is given on Desmoscolex (Desmolorenzenia) montana, D. sieverti and D. fennicus. The genus Desmolorenzenia is considered a subgenus of Desmoscolex. Pareudesmoscolex lacustris represents a juvenile state of Desmocolex dussarti. Some reflections are made on terrestrial and freshwater desmoscolecids.
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  • 60
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 41-46 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Gracilaria ; spermatangia ; gonimoblast ; tetrasporangia ; taxonomy
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  • 61
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Tubificinae ; phylogeny ; taxonomy ; chitinous penis sheaths
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Setae and chitinous penis sheaths are the main characters used to distinguish genera and species of the subfamily Tubificinae. Genital setae and penis sheaths are of functional importance to facilitate copulation. Similar structures in different genera may be homologous or products of parallel evolution (homoiologous). Form and dimensions of the penis sheaths of many tubificine species are very variable. Transspecific overlap of quantitative species characters can make the determination of specimens in the genus Limnodrilus difficult. The configuration of the distal ends of the penis sheaths is an important character to distinguish Limnodrilus species. The definition of the intraspecific variability of this morphological character is problematic.
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  • 62
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 47-50 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Gracilaria ; taxonomy ; marine algae ; red algae ; agarweeds
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  • 63
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    Hydrobiologia 116-117 (1984), S. 51-54 
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    Keywords: seaweed ; Gracilaria ; taxonomy ; systematics ; red algae ; Japanese algae
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  • 64
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    Hydrobiologia 315 (1995), S. 167-175 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: taxonomy ; Copepoda ; Cyclopidae ; Halicyclops ; Amazonian Fauna ; Brazil ; freshwater
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    Notes: Abstract Two new species ofHalicyclops are described from plankton samples taken in two localities in the Amazon River mouth area, State of Pará, Brazil.Halicyclops lindbergi sp.n. resemblesH. hurlberti andH. clarkei from which it differs by a combination of characters in leg 5, the anal pseudoperculum and the caudal rami. The other new species,H. dussarti, is most morphologically similar toH. pilosus, but they are separated by differences in legs 1 and 5 as well as in the ornamentation of the middle caudal setae.
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  • 65
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    Hydrobiologia 287-388 (1998), S. 9-14 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: taxonomy ; evaluation ; Rotifera
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Results are presented of a historical analysis of taxonomic research on Rotifera, as reflected by the case of α-taxonomy of Lecanidae and Dicranophoridae. The number of available names established, as well as the fraction presently considered valid are counted per decade. Two peak periods in taxonomic research are revealed, viz. a minor one in the last decades of the 19th century, and a major one in the 1920s–1930s. Especially work published during the second period contains a high proportion of names that are currently considered valid. The second half of the 20th century witnessed a decrease in quantity, but also in quality of taxonomic research. The basic cause for this is probably the typological approach to a group exhibiting high intraspecific morphological variability, but also poor taxonomic education, as reflected by a high incidence of insufficient descriptions, and poor knowledge of the rules governing zoological nomenclature, are of incisive importance.
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  • 66
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    Hydrobiologia 287-388 (1998), S. 109-115 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: behavior ; mating ; evolution ; taxonomy
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    Notes: Abstract The recent isolation of a mate recognition pheromone in the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Müller has shed new light on the mate recognition system of rotifers. One result is improved understanding of the importance of mating behavior as a highly efficient process used by rotifers to choose conspecifics. There are many differences in the main characteristics of mating behavior in members of five different families of rotifers. The present work describes the use of these characteristics to assess species boundaries, especially where boundaries between two or more species are unclear. The method proposed here can assess quantitatively the response of males of one species to females of a questionable taxon by measuring the percentage of matings initiated and the number of completed copulations. The data generated can then be used together with molecular, morphological, and other data to determine the species boundaries. This approach can help distinguish between morphological differences resulting from evolutionary divergence of species and morphological differences induced by environmental or ecological factors.
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  • 67
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Turbellaria ; Tricladida ; Phagocata ; taxonomy ; distribution ; Japan ; Far East
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    Notes: Abstract Phagocata vivida (Ijima et Kaburaki, 1916) is common in cold-water habitats in mountainous and hilly regions in Japan; in Northern Japan it occurs in lowland areas. Comparative studies of the material from South Korea and Primorskiy in Northeast Siberia, Russia, show that Ph. vivida is distributed widely in these geographic areas. Phagocata miyadii Okugawa, 1939, reported from North Korea and Northeastern China is a synonym of Ph vivida. Geographical distribution of this species in the Japanese Islands now becomes very clear. Judging by its geographical and vertical distributions, the species probably is a preglacial faunal element that entered Japan by the northern route to Old Honshû Island along the coast of the Old Sea of Japan.
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  • 68
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    Hydrobiologia 118 (1984), S. 135-146 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Copepoda ; Diaptomidae ; taxonomy ; biogeography ; ecology ; Mixodiaptomus
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    Notes: Abstract The distribution of the Calanoid genus Mixodiaptomus was studied in a large number of pools and small lakes scattered over Spain. Four species occur: M. incrassatus, M. kupelwieseri, M. ortizi and M. laciniatus, the latter in 2 subspecies (M. laciniatus laciniatus and M. laciniatus atlantis). M. ortizi is described as a new species. M. laciniatus lives in mountains, while all other species occur in the plains. M. incrassatus is found all over the country, M. kupelwieseri only in the eastern part of Catalonia, M. laciniatus atlantis in Andalucia and M. ortizi in the central lands called Mesetas. All live in little mineralized waters and only M. incrassatus and M. laciniatus atlantis occur in clayey waters.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Cyprinidae ; Middle East ; taxonomy ; zoogeography ; Acanthobrama ; Mirogrex
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    Notes: Abstract The poorly known cyprinid fish Acanthobrama centisquama is re-described and its distribution is clarified. It is found in the Orontes basin and not waters around Damascus. The genus Mirogrex is synonymised with Acanthobrama.
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  • 70
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Turbellaria ; Tricladida ; Dugesia ; taxonomy ; Japan ; Far East
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    Notes: Abstract Dugesia japonica Ichikawa et Kawakatsu, 1964, is a common and polymorphic species of freshwater planarian distributed widely in the Far East. In 1976 the geographic populations were separated into 2 subspecies (D.j.japonica and D.j. ryukyuensis). The taxonomy of this species is reconsidered once again from the morphological, anatomical, histological, and karyological viewpoints. From the result of these studies, D.j. ryukyuensis is elevated to the rank of species: D. ryukyuensis Kawakatsu, 1976. D. japonica (n = 8, 2x = 16, 3x = 24) differs from D. ryukyuensis (n = 7, 2x = 14, 3x = 21) in having an asymmetrical penis papilla without a well-developed valve surrounding its basal part, and a well-developed vagina (distribution: the Japanese Islands, Taiwan, the Korean Peninsula, China, and Primorskiy, Northeast Siberia, in Russia). D. ryukyuensis is characterized by an asymmetrical penis papilla with a well-developed valve surrounding its basal part, and a less-developed vagina (distribution: the Southwest Islands of Japan).
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  • 71
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    Keywords: Ilyocryptus ; Anomopoda ; new species ; taxonomy ; Australia ; Queensland
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    Notes: Abstract All representatives of the genus Ilyocryptus with short lateral setae at the postanal margin of the postabdomen may be separated into the compact species group I. brevidentatus s. lat. A new species of Ilyocryptus from this group is described from the Lake Numalla, Queensland, Australia. I. smirnovi n. sp. shows clear morphological differences in the armature of the valve, postabdomen, and several other structures, from all other species of the group. Differences between members of the above-mentioned species group are analogous with those between European species, listed by Štifter (1991).
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  • 72
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    Hydrobiologia 88 (1982), S. 319-324 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Cyprinidae ; Middle East ; taxonomy ; zoogeography
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    Notes: Abstract Garra tibanica ghorensis subsp. nov. is described from the southern Dead Sea Valley. In the Levant it represents the only cyprinid fish with African affinities known to date. It is suggested that G. t. ghorensis reached the area of its present distribution from the south and is not to be regarded as a relict of an earlier migration of the species to Africa via the Levant.
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  • 73
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Copepoda ; Diaptomidae ; taxonomy ; geographical distribution ; Asia
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    Notes: Abstract Revision of the Asiatic representatives of the genus Tropodiaptomus. Of the 20 names hitherto given for species or varieties, one is a ‘nomen nudum’, 9 forms are characterized insufficiently and, hence, their taxonomical position is still uncertain, 10 species are redescribed and illustrated, and 2 taxa have proved to be new to science.
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  • 74
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Ostracoda ; taxonomy ; Southeast Asia
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    Notes: Abstract A taxonomic reevaluation of five species of Southeast Asian freshwater ostracods formerly assigned to the genus Cypridopsis Brady, 1868 has resulted in the retention of Cypridopsis adusta Sars, 1903, Cypridopsis exigua Sars, 1903 and Cypridopsis dubia Sars, 1903 in Cypridopsis and transfer of Cypridopsis albida (Vavra) 1898 and Cypridopsis arsenia Tressler, 1937 to the genus Plesiocypridopsis Rome, 1965.
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  • 75
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    Hydrobiologia 369-370 (1998), S. 297-313 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: planktonic phytoflagellates ; taxonomy ; seasonality ; hypertrophic brackish water ; tropical coastal lagoon ; Brazil
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    Notes: Abstract The phototrophic flagellate flora of the Barra Lagoon (22°57′ S and 42°47′ W), Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil, is described. The lagoon is a shallow, oligohaline, hypertrophic ecosystem in which Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and phytoflagellates are dominant. Between October 1990 and August 1993, weekly integrated samples were collected from a bay, using a plexiglass tube, 8 cm diameter and 1m length. All identifications, descriptions and measurements were carried out on live or in Lugol-fixed material. A total of 30 taxa, belonging to Euglenophyceae (5), Cryptophyceae (7), Raphidophyceae (1), Dinophyceae (4), Chrysophyceae (3), Prymnesiophyceae (2), Prasinophyceae (7) and Chlorophyceae (1) were identified. All the phytoflagellate species identified have been recorded previously from temperate sites. Nine of them were registered in a tropical water for the first time, suggesting that they have much broader distributions. Gymnodinium sanguineum, Pavlova lutheri and Pyramimonas grossii were the most frequently observed phytoflagellates in this study. The seasonal occurrence and some environmental requirements of selected phytoflagellates species are discussed.
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    Hydrobiologia 379 (1998), S. 23-32 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Arthropsyllus australis sp. n. ; Ancorabolidae ; taxonomy ; South America ; Chile
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    Notes: Abstract A new species of the family Ancorabolidae Sars, 1909 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida), Arthropsyllus australis sp. n. was collected 1994 during 'Magellan Campaign' of RV 'Victor Hensen' and is described in the present paper. Its inclusion in the genus Arthropsyllus Sars, 1909 is justified by the diagnostic characters of the genus: lack of any dorsal or dorsolateral well-developed processes, body slightly depressed dorsoventrally, body somites with lateral epimeres except cephalothorax and last two abdominal somites. A. australis sp. n. differs from Arthropsyllus serratus Sars, 1909 in the shape of the rostrum, in having moderately-sized sensilla-bearing dorsal and dorsolateral projections on cephalothorax and body somites, and in several differences on mandible, maxillule, maxilla and swimming legs.
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  • 77
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    Keywords: Potamidae ; Carpomon pomulum ; taxonomy ; new genus ; new species ; Philippines
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    Notes: Abstract A new genus and new species of terrestrial potamid crab ( Carpomon pomulum) is described from the island of Palawan in the Philippines. This new genus can easily be distinguished from all other Philippine potamids in its smooth and inflated carapace, no trace of an epibranchial tooth, extremely low postorbital cristae, and stout and twisted male first gonopod.
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  • 78
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Marine nematodes ; Diplolaimella thailandica ; Thalassomonhystera siamensis ; Theristus (Penzancia) longisetifer ; new species ; taxonomy
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three new species belonging to the genera Diplolaimella and Thalassomonhystera of the family Monhysteridae and Theristus of the family Xyalidae are described from shrimp culture ponds near mangrove zones of Khung Kraben Bay, Thailand. Diplolaimella thailandica sp. n. resembles D. dievengatensis but differs from it by features of the ratios b and V, and size of the spicules and tail of the male. Thalassomonhystera siamensis sp. n. resembles T. diplops but differs from it in features of the amphids, ocelli, cloaca and gubernaculum. Theristus (Penzancia) longisetifer sp. n. resembles T. flevensis, T. ambronensis, T. macroflevensis, and T. pratti but differs from them in features of the cervical setae, ventral supplement of the male and others.
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  • 79
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Calanoid copepod ; taxonomy ; Sinodiaptomus valkanovi ; S. sarsi ; limnoplankton ; Japan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The limnoplanktonic calanoid copepod Sinodiaptomus valkanovi (Diaptomidae: Diaptominae) is redescribed in detail from Japan, where it commonly occurs in ponds and reservoirs especially around the Seto Inland Sea. The species has been referred to as a subspecies of S. sarsi outside Japan due to lack of subsequent morphological comparisons. Sinodiaptomus valkanovi is easily distinguishable from S. sarsi by having longer antennules in both sexes, a short projection on the right antennule segment 15 of the male, and a thumb-like posterodistal basal projection of the male left leg 5. These characters do not show significant variation, indicating differentiation at the species level. S. valkanovi is restricted to Japan, in contrast to the wide-range of it S. sarsi in Asian waters. The Bulgarian population, from which the species was originally described, and the North American population, which was formerly recorded as S. sarsi, are considered to have been introduced from Japan with aquatic plants such as water lilies.
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  • 80
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    Hydrobiologia 387-388 (1998), S. 47-54 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Mexico ; Rotifera ; new record ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A survey of rotifers from a small pond (less than 2 ha in area and 3 m deep), located at Kilometer 28 in the federal highway Ixtlahuaca-Jilotepec (19° 49′ 13″ N, 99° 42′ 22″ W) at an altitude of 2503 m above sea level, resulted in a total of 78 species. From these, 20 are new records for Mexico. This study confirms the presence of some of the rotifer species listed only in earlier studies. Comments on some species are made from a zoogeographical point of view.
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  • 81
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    Hydrobiologia 387-388 (1998), S. 109-115 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: behavior ; mating ; evolution ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The recent isolation of a mate recognition pheromone in the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Müller has shed new light on the mate recognition system of rotifers. One result is improved understanding of the importance of mating behavior as a highly efficient process used by rotifers to choose conspecifics. There are many differences in the main characteristics of mating behavior in members of five different families of rotifers. The present work describes the use of these characteristics to assess species boundaries, especially where boundaries between two or more species are unclear. The method proposed here can assess quantitatively the response of males of one species to females of a questionable taxon by measuring the percentage of matings initiated and the number of completed copulations. The data generated can then be used together with molecular, morphological, and other data to determine the species boundaries. This approach can help distinguish between morphological differences resulting from evolutionary divergence of species and morphological differences induced by environmental or ecological factors.
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  • 82
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    Hydrobiologia 387-388 (1998), S. 9-14 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: taxonomy ; evaluation ; Rotifera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Results are presented of a historical analysis of taxonomic research on Rotifera, as reflected by the case of α-taxonomy of Lecanidae and Dicranophoridae. The number of available names established, as well as the fraction presently considered valid are counted per decade. Two peak periods in taxonomic research are revealed, viz. a minor one in the last decades of the 19th century, and a major one in the 1920s–1930s. Especially work published during the second period contains a high proportion of names that are currently considered valid. The second half of the 20th century witnessed a decrease in quantity, but also in quality of taxonomic research. The basic cause for this is probably the typological approach to a group exhibiting high intraspecific morphological variability, but also poor taxonomic education, as reflected by a high incidence of insufficient descriptions, and poor knowledge of the rules governing zoological nomenclature, are of incisive importance.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Keywords: genus Pellia ; liverworts ; RAPD ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to study the genomic relationships of three liverworts from the genus Pellia: P. epiphylla, P. borealis and P. neesiana. Altogether 150 characters (150 DNA fragments obtained using PCR) were scored. These characters were used to create a matrix of pairwise distances between all the pairs of taxa. Both distance (UPGMA, Fitch–Margoliash and Neighbor–Joining) and binary character‐state (Wagner and Camin‐Sokal parsimony and compatibility) methods were applied for trees' construction. Our results strongly support distinction of the recently discovered sibling species of P. epiphylla – species N and P. epiphylla – species S, which have an allopatric distribution in Poland (N – North, S – South Poland). Moreover, our data also supports the hypothesis of a hybrid origin (alloploid) of the polyploid P. borealis from P.epiphylla−N×P.epiphylla−S. P. neesiana was excluded as a donor of either of the genomes of P. borealis.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Marine nematodes ; Desmodoridae ; Papillonema gen.n. ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new genus, Papillonema gen.n., is erected to accomodate the two species P. danieli gen. et sp. n. and P. clavatum (Gerlach, 1957) comb.n. from intertidal sediments of a tropical mangrove. Papillonema gen.n. is characterized by prominent papilliform labial sensillae, an elongate muscular terminal bulb (up to 60% of pharyngeal length), and three precloacal supplements. Comments are given on the use of the terms ‘head capsule’, ‘head region’, and ‘cervical setae’.
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  • 85
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    Hydrobiologia 377 (1998), S. 205-211 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Branchiopoda ; Anomopoda ; Alona rusticoides n. sp. ; taxonomy ; Venezuela ; 'Cladocera'
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seven anomnopodan species were recorded from top of Roraima and Ptari tepuis. Alona rusticoides is new species and Acroperus sp., Alonella cf. excisa and Paralona pigra seem to be different from species described from Europe.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Archaea ; hydrothermal ; hyperthermophilic ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria with optimal growth temperatures between 80 and 110°C have been isolated from geo- and hydro-thermally heated terrestrial and submarine environments. 16S rRNA sequence comparisons indicate great phylogenetic diversity among the 23 different genera represented. Hyperthermophiles consist of anaerobic and aerobic chemolithoautotrophs and heterotrophs growing at neutral or acidic pH. Their outstanding heat resistance makes them as interesting objects for basic research as for biotechnology in the future.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Myxozyma neglecta ; Myxozyme mucilagina ; Candidaceae ; mol% G + C ; DNA-DNA homology ; yeasts ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three strains of Myxozyma mucilagina including the type strain were reexamined. Based on differences in their carbon utilization pattern, mobility of isoenzymes, mol% G + C of their DNA and extent of DNA complementary the new species Myxozyma neglecta is proposed.
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  • 88
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 67 (1995), S. 151-171 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: taxonomy ; yeast ; basidiomycete ; Sporobolomyces
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six new species of ballistosporous yeast, the genusSporobolomyces, were isolated from dead leaves and fruit of plants collected in New Zealand;Sp. novazealandicus, Sp. dimmenae, Sp. coprosmicola, Sp. coprosmae, Sp. dracophyllus, andSp. taupoensis. These species differ from any hitherto known species ofSporobolomyces based on chemotaxonomic characteristics.
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  • 89
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 67 (1995), S. 173-176 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Malassezia pachydermatis ; rhinoceros ; mole% G + C ; nDNA/DNA reassociation ; taxonomy ; nomenclature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Malassezia strains from dogs and rhinoceros all proved identical using mole % G + C and nDNA/DNA reassociation experiments. The use of the nameMalassezia pachydermatis, originally described for a strain isolated from a rhinoceros, is thus justified for non lipid-dependent strains of other sources.
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  • 90
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 67 (1995), S. 297-314 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Malassezia ; yeast ; 25S rRNA sequences ; mole % GC ; nuclear DNA/DNA reassociations ; taxonomy ; epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract One hundred and fourMalassezia strains (52 isolated from humans and 52 from animals) were compared using large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA sequence similarity and nuclear DNA complementarity. Eight groups of strains were recognized as genetically distinct species. Each taxon was confirmed by a homogeneous mole % GC and percentages of DNA/DNA reassociations higher than 85%. The non-lipid-dependentMalassezia yeasts were maintained as the unique taxonM. pachydermatis. In contrast, lipid-dependent strains were shown to be distributed among seven species:M. furfur, M. sympodialis andM. species 1–5. These taxa matched remarkably well with morphological and serological differences documented by previous investigators. The LSU rRNA sequences allowed a further intraspecific resolution with most of genomic taxa represented by several closely related sequences:M. pachydermatis counted up to seven sequences,M. furfur four sequences,M. species 1 comprised three sequences andM. species 2 andM. species 5 two sequences. Three species,M. sympodialis, M. species 3 andM. species 4, displayed a unique type of sequence. Thus, the present report demonstrates the usefulness of sequencing for both taxonomic and epidemiological purposes.
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  • 91
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 (1995), S. 35-42 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: black yeasts ; Exophiala ; Wangiella ; Phaeococcomyces ; PCR-ribotyping ; RFLP ; PCR ; ribosomal repeat ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Portion of the ribosomal repeat of the type strains of the generaExphiala andPhaeococcomyces were subjected to RFLP analysis. The amplicon length of the small subunit rRNA, the fragment NS1-NS24, was found to vary between 1800 to 3200 nucleotides. In contrast, the length of the fragment ITS1-ITS4 comprising the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) was found to be constant at 600 nucleotides. Analysis of restriction profiles confirmed the synonymy ofExophiala dermatitidis andMycotorula schawii. Torula bergeri andSporotrichum gougerotii were found to be identical toPhaeoannellomyces elegans, but different from their alleged synomymE. castellanii. A phenogram is presented.
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  • 92
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 (1995), S. 3-17 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: ascomatal initials ; Exophiala ; heterothallism ; homothallism ; microcyclic conidiation ; sclerotia ; stroma ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A recently described protocol for thein vitro production of ascomata was employed to determine the sexual incompatibility systems of five species ofCapronia. The formation of mature ascomata in isolates derived from single ascospores demonstrated thatC. epimyces, C. mansonii, andC. munkii n. sp. are homothallic. In contrast, fertile ascomata were observed only in mass-ascospore isolates and pairwise crosses between specific single-ascospore isolates inC. dactylotricha n. sp. andC. moravica. TheExophiala anamorphs ofC. dactylotricha andC. munkii are described and aPhialophora-like synanamorph is reported for the former species. Germinating ascospores ofC. munkii formed conidiogenous cells directly, while the ascospores of the remaining species germinated to produce germ tubes and hyphae. The application of the terms ‘microcyclic conidiation’ to secondary conidium production and ‘sclerotial body’ and ‘stroma’ to the multicellular structures produced by species ofCapronia andExophiala are discussed.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: black yeasts ; Capronia ; direct sequencing ; Exophiala ; nuclear small subunit rRNA gene ; phylogenetic analysis ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nuclear small subunit rRNA genes of authentic strains of the black yeastsExophiala dermatitidis, Wangiella dermatitidis, Sarcinomyces phaeomuriformis, Capronia mansonii, Nadsoniella nigra var.hesuelica, Phaeoannellomyces elegans, Phaeococcomyces exophialae, Exophiala jeanselmei var.jeanselmei andE. castellanii were amplified by PCR and directly sequenced. A putative secondary structure of the nuclear small subunit rRNA ofExophiala dermatitidis was predicted from the sequence data. Alignment with corresponding sequences fromNeurospora crassa andAureobasidium pullulans was performed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method. The obtained topology of the tree was confirmed by bootstrap analysis. Based upon this analysis all fungi studied formed a well-supported monophyletic group clustering as a sister group to one group of the Plectomycetes (Trichocomaceae and Onygenales). The analysis confirmed the close relationship postulated betweenExophiala dermatitidis, Wangiella dermatitidis andSarcinomyces phaeomuriformis. This monophyletic clade also contains the teleomorph speciesCapronia mansonii thus confirming the concept of a teleomorph connection of the genusExophiala to a member of the Herpotrichiellaceae. However,Exophiala castellanii did not belong to this clade. Therefore, this species is not the anamorph ofCapronia mansonii as it was postulated.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: taxonomy ; physiology ; black yeasts ; Herpotrichiellaceae ; Capronia ; Exophiala ; Nadsoniella ; Phaeoannellomyces ; Phaeococcomyces ; Sarcinomyces ; Wangiella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nutritional physiological and tolerance tests were performed for all type strains of species currently classified in the black yeast generaExophiala andPhaeococcomyces, including some additional type strains of taxa recently reidentified asExophiala species. Most describedExophiala species can be distinguished by physiological characters.Exophiala jeanselmei with its varieties, andE. castellanii should all be retained as separate taxa. The pairs of strainsMycotorula schawii/Exophiala dermatitidis, Hormodendrum negronii/Exophiala jeanselmei var.lecaniicorni andSporotrichum gougerotii/Torula bergeri were found to be conspecific. Phenetic analyses of physiological data support the identity ofPhaeococcomyces exophialae as a yeast-like synanamorph ofExophiala spinifera. The taxonomic positions of the generaNadsoniella, Phaeoannellomyces andWangiella are discussed. The generaExophiala andPhaeococcomyces are unrelated.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Metschnikowia ; taxonomy ; yeasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The taxonomy of the yeast genusMetschnikowia has undergone profound changes over the past century. Major developments, from the capacity to obtain pure cultures of parasitic species to progress associated with the extensive use of molecular biology tools in yeast systematics, are briefly reviewed. Results from past work and new data are combined to evaluate evolutionary relationships and clarify the classification of both terrestrial and aquatic species. Recent physiological studies, including the utilization of non-conventional carbon and nitrogen sources, and characteristics like lipolytic activity and maximum temperatures for growth, are presented. The assessment of the genetic diversity within the genus by restriction analysis of the mitochondrial DNA and by the production of specific DNA probes has been explored. The results indicate the potential application of the latter in rapid identification procedures.
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  • 96
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 (1995), S. 119-149 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Schizosaccharomyces ; sequence comparison ; evolution ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phylogenesis of fungi is controversial due to their simple morphology and poor fossilization. Traditional classification supported by morphological studies and physiological traits placed the fission yeasts in one group with ascomycetous yeasts. The rRNA sequence comparisions, however, revealed an enormous evolutionary gap betweenSaccharomyces andSchizosaccharomyces. As shown in this review, the protein sequences also show a large gap which is almost as large as that separatingSchizosaccharomyces from higher animals. Since the two yeasts share features (both cytological and molecular) in common which are also characteristic of ascomycetous fungi, their separation must have taken place later than the sequence differences may suggest. Possible reasons for the paradox are discussed. The sequence data also suggest a slower evolutionary rate in theSchizosaccharomyces lineage than in theSaccharomyces branch. In the fission yeast lineage two ramifications can be supposed. FirstS. japonicus (Hasegawaea japonica) branched off, thenS. octosporus (Octosporomyces octosporus) separated fromS. pombe.
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  • 97
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 (1995), S. 165-171 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: chemometrics ; morphology ; mould-fermented sausages ; Penicillium nalgiovense ; physiology ; secondary metabolites ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A large number ofPenicillium nalgiovense isolates from mould fermented sausages and the ex type culture were examined for characters of morphology, physiology and production of secondary metabolites. To separate biotypes within theP. nalgiovense species, the data obtained were evaluated using multivariate statistical methods. The macromorphological characters of the ex type culture and isolates from meat products appeared to be distinctive. The ex type culture is characterized by a brown reverse on both Czapek yeast extract and malt extract agar while the isolates from meat products have a yellow to orange reverse. Proteolytic and/or lipolytic activity was demonstrated by 75% of the examined cultures and all of them demonstrated ability to utilize lactate as sole carbon source. Growth on creatine sucrose agar was very inhibited and acid production was absent or very weak. TLC analysis showed production of three unknown secondary metabolites that constituted the characteristic profile. HPLC analysis showed production of only three known secondary metabolites; chrysogine (96%), nalgiolaxin and nalgiovensin (9%). The ex type culture produced nalgiolaxin and nalgiovensin but not chrysogine. The chemometric evaluation showed thatP. nalgiovense isolates from meat products from a homogenous species, which can not be divided into biotypes. The only indication of grouping, beside a separation of the ex type culture, was related to the conidium colour (white, turquoise or grey green). The examinedP. nalgiovense isolates showed some resemblance (morphologically and chemically) toP. chrysogenum.
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  • 98
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: Biodegradation ; 2-methyl-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide ; 4-chloro-2-methylphenol ; taxonomy ; waste water treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The Gram-negative strain S1, isolated from activated sludge, metabolized 4-chloro-2-methylphenol by an inducible pathway via a modifiedortho-cleavage route as indicated by a transiently secreted intermediate, identified as 2-methyl-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Beside 4-chloro-2-methylphenol only 2,4-dichlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol were totally degraded, without an accumulation of intermediates. The chlorinated phenols tested induced activities of 2,4-dichlorophenol hydroxylase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase type II. Phenol itself appeared to be degraded more efficiently via a separate, inducibleortho-cleavage pathway. The strain was characterized with respect to its physiological and chemotaxonomic properties. The fatty acid profile, the presence of spermidine as main polyamine, and of ubiquinone Q-10 allowed the allocation of the strain into the α-2 subclass of theProteobacteria. Ochrobactrum anthropi was indicated by fatty acid analysis as the most similar organism, however, differences in a number of physiological features (e.g. absence of nitrate reduction) and pattern of soluble proteins distinguished strain S1 from this species.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; taxonomy ; population dynamics ; biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Filinia terminalis kergueleniensis nov. spp. (Family Filiniidae Bartos 1959), from Lake Studer 2 is described and figured. Filinia terminalis kergueleniensis differs from the type in length of bristles and their insertion. Keratella sancta was found again; it is the third record after its discovery by Russel 1944 in New Zealand. Notholca cf. jugosa Gosse 1889 is also found in the plankton of the subantarctic lake. The new subspecies and Keratella sancta occur all year round, while Notholca cf. jugosa is sporadic. Population dynamics appear to be dependent on changes in temperature and chlorophyll content. We have estimated the relative contribution of these three species to community biomass from their numerical abundance and measured volumes. The major community biomass peak lasts from March to June with a secondary maximum between October and January.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; taxonomy ; population dynamics ; biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Filinia terminalis kergueleniensis nov. spp. (FamilyFiliniidae Bartos 1959), from Lake Studer 2 is described and figured.Filinia terminalis kergueleniensis differs from the type in length of bristles and their insertion.Keratella sancta was found again; it is the third record after its discovery by Russel 1944 in New Zealand.Notholca cf.jugosa Gosse 1889 is also found in the plankton of the subantarctic lake. The new subspecies andKeratella sancta occur all year round, whileNotholca cf.jugosa is sporadic. Population dynamics appear to be dependent on changes in temperature and chlorophyll content. We have estimated the relative contribution of these three species to community biomass from their numerical abundance and measured volumes. The major community biomass peak lasts from March to June with a secondary maximum between October and January.
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