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  • Chemical Engineering  (1,785)
  • Engineering  (1,180)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (2,965)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (1,232)
  • 1980-1984  (1,733)
  • 2008
  • 1990  (1,232)
  • 1984  (949)
  • 1982  (784)
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  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (1,232)
  • 1980-1984  (1,733)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer blend containing a thermotropic polyester with long flexible spacer in the main chain (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 22-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer blends of nylon 66 and thermotropic polyester with long flexible spacers in the main chains were prepared by melt mixing. The samples were made as single filaments by passing the polymer blend through a small and round die of a capillary rheometer. Mechanical properties of blends showed that the modulus and strength of nylon 66 could be improved without reduction of extensibility. The morphology of fractured surfaces was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It showed that the microfibrillar structure of a thermotropic polyester was formed by extensional flow while the spherical and ellipsoidal particles in the nylon 66 (matrix polymer) were produced by shear flow. The polyester particles were occasionally covered with adhering matrix polymer because of good adhesion between these two polymers. They were highly elongated by tensile stress without loss of elongational characteristics of blends. This fact was explained by very good adhesion between the two phases.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300105
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gelation in thermosets formed by chain addition polymerization (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The physical behavior of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, cured with different concentrations of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, was examined with dynamic mechanical and dielectric analyses, differential scanning calorimetry, and solvent extraction studies, ‘The network formation process was shown to depend strongly on the imidazole concentration’. At high imidazole concentrations, the gel point was characterized by a decrease in sol fraction, the crossover of the dynamic moduli and a rapid increase in viscosity. At low imidazole concentrations, the viscosity remained low until the sol fraction approached zero. For this system, the gel point, which occurred prior to the dynamic moduli crossover, was characterized by comparing the thermal properties of the network with the viscosity and dielectric behavior of the resin system during cure.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300204
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculated stresses in dual coated optical fibers (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 108-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We examine several practically important problems, related to the mechanical behavior of dual coated optical fibers: low temperature microbending, evaluation of spring constant due to coating layers, strength of the end portions of fibers clamped in terminal fixtures, and prediction of stresses caused by the misalignment of the openings in the frame and in the terminal fixture. The developed formulas are simple, easy-to-use, and clearly indicate the role of the major factors affecting the mechanical behavior of the fibers. The obtained results can be of help in physical design of dual coated fibers and optical interconnections.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300207
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy absorption characteristics of polymeric foams used as cushioning materials (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The “Efficiency of Energy Absorption” (or “Efficiency”) and “Ideality” parameters were evaluated for several plastic foams and were found to be very useful in choosing an appropriate cushion for the protection of a specific product. The maxima in these parameters were found to be in the same range of stresses, when derived from dynamic measurements or from predicted stress-strain curves based on previously proposed “Reference” and “Modified Boltzman Superposition” Models. For the rate independent foams the maxima in these parameters do not change with strain rate and can therefore be derived from slow, constant rate (“static”) experiments. For rate dependent foams however, the maxima from “static” measurements were found to be in a lower range of stresses than those derived from dynamic ones. As a result, slow rate compressive measurements do not predict well the behavior of the foams during impact and the use of the “Reference” and “Modified Boltzman Superposition” Models is required for good predictions. It was found that the suffer PS and PE foams attain maximum Efficiency and Ideality at higher stresses than the more flexible PUR foams.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300210
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transition mechanism from elastic deformation to plastic flow in poly(methyl methacrylate) (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 96-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Sudden changes of compressive strain-rate on glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) lead to the conclusion that the post-yield state under a constant stress is a state of steady flow in the polymer. Non-linearity between the stress divided by temperature and the logarithm of strain rate for this steady plastic flow can successfully be analyzed using the Eyring equation with structural factors variable depending on stress and temperature. This analysis gives a unique functional relationship between the activation entropy and the activation enthalpy, which agrees fairly well with that for the melt derived from the WLF equation. This agreement provides a direct evidence verifying structural change of the glass into liquid-like structure and enables us to recognize the conformational arrangement as an essential structural parameter controlling molecular mobility. Another experimental relation between the Eyring factors - the activation volume and the activation enthalpy - permits us to estimate the magnitude of an elementary volume for the molecular movement in the melt as a function of temperature. Moreover, the experimental finding of the steady flow in the glassy polymer motivated us to propose a transition mechanism from elastic deformation to plastic flow in which the internal viscosity or the activation volume is introduced as a single parameter representing the transient state of the structure.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental modeling of solvent-casting thin polymer films (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 118-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An apparatus was designed and assembled to study the solvent removal from solution-cast thin polymer films. The computer interfacing of a thermogravimetric analyzer, spectrophotometer, electronic flowmeters, and control valves for the apparatus enabled the preprogramming of the carrier gas velocity, carrier gas solvent content, and temperature profiles to simulate the environment experienced in large parallel flow industrial driers. The apparatus has also been designed and operated to enable the visual observation of the drying film with an optical microscope. Initial experimental studies conducted with the apparatus involved the effect of temperature on solvent removal. The results indicate that high dryer gas temperatures can apparently cause skinning of the film surface resulting in slower solvent removal rates. The skin formation can be suppressed by higher solvent concentration in the carrier gas. The visual observations revealed the formation of standing waves in the film surface during drying at high gas velocities (〉2OO cm/min). The wave formation at least partially overcomes the effect of skinning by increasing the surface area of the film, and may be the manifestation of flow instabilities involving circulation within the film.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300208
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasonic processing of thermoplastic foam (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ultrasonically induced bubble formation for the production of thermoplastic foam was investigated experimentally and theoretically as a basic study. A general purpose polystyrene and blends of low density polyethylene and polyethylene wax were saturated with nitrogen gas under various pressures and the ultrasonic excitation was applied to the polymer system upon release of gas pressure. The ultrasonic nucleation of bubbles in the polymer matrix was modeled by utilizing the classical nucleation theory. The negative pressure generated by the ultrasonic excitation was considered as the environmental pressure at the moment of nucleation. The experimental results showed that the heterogeneous nucleation must be used for ultrasonic foaming of the viscous fluid and the homogeneous nucleation for the low viscosity fluid. The theoretical analysis also indicated that the ultrasonic nucleation can be applied to the production of thermoplastic foam if the ultrasonic excitation generates large enough negative pressure.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300304
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheology-morphology relationships in nylon 6/liquid-crystalline polymer blends (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Extrusion measurements have been carried out on blends of nylon 6 and a liquid-crystalline copolyesteramide (LCP). The flow curves at low temperature show a behavior similar to that of pure LCP with a rapid rise of the viscosity at low shear rates. At high shear rates the viscosity is lower than that for each of the two components. This minimum has been attributed to the lack of interactions between the two phases and to the formation of fibrils of the LCP phase. The SEM analysis shows, indeed, that fibrils of the LCP phase are produced in the convergent flow at the inlet of the capillary at high shear rates. These fibrils are lost during the flow in the long capillary.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Rheological properties of a liquid crystalline copolyester (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 124-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Rheological studies of an experimental liquid crystalline (LC) copolyester were carried out using a capillary rheometer and a cone and plate rheometer. Rheological characteristics of the polymer in the nematic state were observed. The nematic melt was found to be pseudoplastic and the degree of pseudoplasticity varied with shear rate. Melt viscosity was found to decrease with shear rate. Negative die swelling was observed at the exit of the capillary rheometer at temperatures marginally above the solid-nematic transition temperature of the polymer and was also found to be a function of shear rate. The dynamic mechanical properties of the polymer were studied as a function of temperature. The activation energies of flow and of dynamic mechanical deformation were calculated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300209
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  • 10
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    Enhancing adhesion by ion beam-induced atomic mixing at the interface between copper film and polyimide substrate (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 137-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ion beam mixing was used to improve the adhesion between deposited Cu film (400 Å) and polyimide (PI) substrate. Ar+ ion with the energy levels between 180 and 200 keV, and the dose between 1014 to 4 × 1016 ions/cm2 were used. The surface analyses were carried out by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (SEM). RBS analysis, using 2 MeV He+ ions, showed mixing of Cu and FI and the mixing depended on the Ar+ energy and dose. The X-ray study showed a very broad halo for deposited Cu film but the (111) peak appeared after the Ar+ implantation and the peak increased with Ar+ ion dose. Optical micrographs showed that Cu film formed circular bubbles after many thermal cycles when adhesion was poor and fracture cracks when adhesion was good.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300302
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  • 11
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    Measures of mixing in laminar flow (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The general domain in which this work resides is that of mixing in creeping flows. Mixing, in this context, refers to the stretch of an interfacial line, or area in a strain field. The advancement of mixing technology is applied to the design of continuous mixers used in polymer processing. The geometric designs included single screw extruders, static motionless mixers, and co- and counter-rotating twin screw extruders. The co-rotating twin screw extruder was chosen to be studied in detail since it enjoys wide applications and, for which, little understanding of the contribution to mixing in the different screw geometries is known. In order to evaluate the rate of mixing for the non-uniform strain history flows, the method for measuring mixing had to be reexamined and broadened. An automated method has been developed which incorporates a digital camera and a computer to analyze the cross-sections of interest. Two measures of mixing - the correlation function and the distribution function - are developed to describe mixing in these regimes. These measures are applied successfully to the mixer geometries revealing subtle differences as to the nature of mixing in each.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300305
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  • 12
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    Rotary injection reaction injection molding (RI-RIM). Part II: Interfacial segregation of release systems (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 175-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper describes the shear imposed interfacial segregation of release systems for the facilitated attenuation of polyurethane (PU) adhesion to metal coun-terfaces using a RI-RIM system. It is shown that the migration rate of the dispersed release additives due to a shear imposed stress in the resin fluid is much greater than that arising from Fickian diffusion, thereby removing a vital constraint from conventional practice. The novel rotary injection RIM system is presented to simulate the on-line injection and shear induced interfacial segregation in model PU/abherent systems. A wide range of recipes comprising single (liquids or solids) and multicomponent (liquid-liquid and solid-liquid) release materials were injected into the polymerizing resin mixture to provide cohesively weak and friable “particle” boundary layer assemblies at the PU/metal interface. An instrumented Blister Test was employed to evaluate the quality of the molded interfaces in terms of adhesion and the concentration distribution of the injected species in the final cured moldings was determined through high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). A comparison of the results on the shear modified and the compounded interfaces confirm an accentuated lateral migration of the additives to the interface resulting in an appreciable diminution in the adhesion of the system. Finally, transport models are suggested to account for the observed augmented transport.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300307
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  • 13
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    Masthead (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300401
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  • 14
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    Mechanical properties and behavior of open cell foams used as cushioning materialsFirst part appeared in Polymer Engineering & science, Jan. 1990, 30, 129. (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 197-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It is the purpose of the present publication to show that most of the phenomenological viscoelastic theories developed for bulk polymers can be readily adapted to plastic foams in order to evaluate their mechanical properties. In addition it will be demonstrated how the mechanical properties of open cell plastic foams can be predicted from a few simple compression and relaxation experiments.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300402
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  • 15
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    The plane-strain essential work of fracture as a measure of the fracture toughness of ductile polymers (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 211-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We have extended the essential work of fracture technique to allow for the determination of the plane-strain essential work of fracture. The new technique is to measure the specific work of fracture as a function of ligament length in deeply double edge notched samples. This type of data is then experimentally corrected to remove the plastic work of fracture and leave only the essential work of fracture as a function of ligament length. By extrapolating the essential work of fracture to zero-ligament length, we claim to be measuring the plane-strain essential work of fracture. This new technique was applied to two rubber toughened nylons and to a series of polyethylenes. The plane-strain essential work of fracture was found to be independent of thickness. Where comparison can be made to J-integral testing, the plane-strain essential work of fracture was similar to the critical J-integral, JIc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300404
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  • 16
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    Liquid crystal polymer-carbon fiber composites. Molecular orientation (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 228-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The objective of this work has been to study composite systems in which carbon fibers are dispersed in a liquid crystal polymer matrix. The fundamental point of interest here has been the interfacial response that fiber surfaces can potentially induce in self-ordering polymers. The matrix material used was a thermotropic liquid crystal polyester synthesized in our laboratory from the monomers p-acetoxybenzoic acid, diacetoxyhydroquinone, and pimelic acid. The aromatic-aliphatic polymer was characterized by NMR as a chemically disordered polymer of the three structural units which exhibits a nematic phase at temperatures above 150°C. Breadline proton NMR above the solid to liquid crystal transition was used to measure the rate of magnetic alignment of molecules in the matrix and polarized optical microscopy was used to analyze interfacial zones in composite samples. Fiber surfaces were found to influence the orientation and orientational dynamics of a liquid crystal polymer matrix. This was revealed by enhanced rates of magnetic orientation in the polymer melt when carbon fibers are dispersed in the medium. Fiber surfaces were also found to stabilize nematic ordering of the polymer as the melt was heated towards complete isotropization. The phenomena discovered here may originate in the development of zones around fibers with a common molecular orientation anchored by the carbon surface.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300406
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  • 17
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    Impact fracture toughness tests on polymers (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of impact tests are described in which the plane strain fracture toughness, Kc1, of five different polymers is measured using a three point bend specimen at striker speeds up to 5m/s. At low speeds Kc1 is determined using the maximum load and a static analysis, but at speeds greater than 1 m/s the dynamic effects render the load signal unusable. For the higher speeds the fracture is timed using contact and crack propagation gages and the analysis is performed using the striker displacement at fracture. A dynamic analysis is used to convert this measurement to the true specimen displacement and Kc1 is determined from this. The apparent downward trends in the Kc1 results obtained, especially at speeds above 3m/s, are discussed.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300408
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  • 18
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    Masthead (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180101
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  • 19
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    Discrete transfinite mappings for the description and meshing of three-dimensional surfaces using interactive computer graphics (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 41-66 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A system for describing three-dimensional surfaces in a form suitable for finite element analysis is described. The system makes extensive use of real-time interactive computer graphics techniques for both input and display. Discrete transfinite mappings are used as the mathematical basis for the surface representation. The mathematical basis and the reasons for choosing this form of representation are discussed. Explicit forms of the mappings based on Lagrange polynomial interpolation functions are presented. Finally, the interactive graphics procedures for defining finite element meshes are described.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180105
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  • 20
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    Investigation of highly accurate integration formulae for transient heat conduction analysis using the conjugate gradient method (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 99-109 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two highly accurate implicit Padé approximations to the transient heat conduction equation are investigated using the conjugate gradient method to solve, for the temperatures. The accuracy and stability of the approximations are discussed and numerical examples are presented showing the relative performance. Comparisons with the Crank-Nicolson method are also presented.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180109
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  • 21
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    Obituary (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. i 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180202
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  • 22
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    Reduced integration and the shear-flexible beam element (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 195-210 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A clearer insight into the ‘shear locking’ phenomenon, which appears in the development of C0 continuous element using shear-flexible or penalty type formulations, is obtained by a careful study of the Timoshenko beam element. When a penalty type argument is used to degenerate thick elements to thin elements, the various approximations of the shear related energy terms act as different types of constraints and, depending on the formulation, two types of constraints which are classified as true or spurious may emerge. The spurious constraints, where they exist, are responsible for the ‘shear locking’ phenomenon, and its manifestation and elimination is demonstrated in a very simple example. The source of difficulty is shown to be the mathematical operations involved in the various shape function definitions and subsequent integration of functionals. It is seen that formulations that ensure only true constraints in the extreme penalty limit cases display far superior performance in the thick element situation as well, and thus guidelines for the development of efficient elements are drawn. A similar type of behaviour is observed in a shallow curved beam element and here ‘inplane locking’ can be eliminated by selective integration to obtain an improved curved beam element. However, ‘inplane locking’ does not cause a spurious constraint as the error quickly vanishes with the reduction of element size for a reasonable radius of curvature conforming with shallow shell theory.
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    Announcements (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 321-322 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180214
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    On the rates of convergence of the finite element method (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 323-341 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The rate of convergence of the finite element method is a function of the strategy by which the number of degrees-of-freedom are increased. Alternative stragegies are examined in the light of recent theoretical results and computational experience.
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    An ‘upwind’ finite element method via numerical intergration (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 381-396 
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    Notes: Upwind finite element schemes remove spurious oscillations that occur in the solution of diffusion convection equations. Up to now these schemes lose part of their accuracy when the Peclet is large. As an improvement, it is proposed to move the integration nodes along the ‘streamlines’ before evaluating the elementary convection matrices. The displacements of the nodes along the streamlines, which are one-dimensional manifolds, are calculated analogously to well-known one-dimensional formulae. The last section of this paper illustrates this new method with the help of four examples which show its validity.
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    A warning against misuse of quarter-point elements (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 314-320 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Quarter-point elements are used very frequently for fracture mechanics computations, because the quarter-point technique yields the required singular interpolation without any modification to existing software. This advantage is particularly significant for three-dimensional stress intensity factor computations because of the difficulty of implementing other techniques. However, in practical 3-D applications, the crack front is usually curved, and this note proves that a crack front distortion leads to a negative Jacobian in the region surrounding the crack front. The numerical difficulties to be expected depend on the aspect ratio of the elements.
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    A smoothing technique for reduced integration penalty methods in contact problems (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 343-350 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The paper presents a smoothing technique to the oscillated contact pressure obtained by penalty methods for a class of unilateral contact problems in linear elasticity. The main result is to show that the smoothed contact pressure satisfies the so-called Babuska-Brezzi condition which dominates the convergence of the penalty method. One numerical example is described.
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    Use of screw translational symmetry for the vibration analysis of structures (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 435-444 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: A method for the exploitation of screw translation symmetry for the vibration analysis of structures is presented. The method is capable of providing significant computational economies over the use of the lower axial translational symmetry of such structures.
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    Discussion on a paper by Y-T. Leung (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 629-630 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Announcement (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 632-634 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180415
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    Three-dimensional shape optimization (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 661-673 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Optimal structural desingn generally deals with frame or shell structures where the optimization is limited to resizing of structural members to obtain optimum cross-sections or thicknesses. Shape optimization solves another class of problems involving continuous structural components where the optimum shape (the shape of the boundaries and the surfaces of the components) is determined. This report describes shape optimization of three-dimensional structural components. The finite element method of analysis is used employing the 20-noded isoparametric element. The objective function, mass, is minimized by the direct use of nonlinear mathematical programming, specifically the feasible direction method. Numerical shape representation and the selection of design variables are the most important aspects of the problem. The problem is addressed from a practical standpoint and techniques are presented to minimize the number of desingn variables. Isoparametric representation of the surfaces and the numerical superposition of shapes are discussed. These techniques are compared and demonstrated on simple cantilever beams and their minimum mass designs are obtained. In one example, the optimum shape of a non-uniform cross-sectinal beam is obtained under stress constraint. The final design has a crosssectional shape varying over the length of the beam which could not be predicted using the bending theory of beams. One major difficulty encountered in some problems was that the shape changes during the optimization process may require a change in the finite element mesh because the initial configuration of the finite element mesh may result in very distorted elements for the new shape. The analyis with a mesh containing distorted elements may not be possible at all or the results of the analysis may be inaccurate.
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    Some vector expansion functions for quadrilateral and triangular domains (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 727-735 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: Vector functions having a constant or zero divergence over a quadrilateral domain are derived using a parametric co-ordinate formulation. Expansion functions with a constant curl, defined over parallelograms and triangles, which can be used in moments-based investigations of electromagnetic wave interactions with surfaces and apertures, are then obtained. Finally, two basis functions, which have appeared in the literature and have been used to solve field problems associated with rectangular apertures and arbitrary surfaces, are identified as special cases of these expansion functions.
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    Plastic analysis of torsion of a prismatic beam (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 927-944 
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    Notes: Finite element formulation for stress analysis of a twisting beam is developed. The formulation is effective for a prismatic beam with solid section as well as a thin-walled beam, and can be applied both to a pure-torsion problem and a warping-torsion problem. The formulation is of a great advantage to an elastic-plastic torsion problem. The formulation does not stand on the assumption of a thin-walled structure, and therefore torsional rigidity of the section can be evaluated exactly without using the so-called Saint-Venant's torsional constant. Torsional rigidity is, in this paper, evaluated directly by a warping function of the section. Warping function is evaluated numerically due to shape of the section, due to progress of plastic region and due to effect of finite displacement (finite rotation, small strain). Pure-torsion and warping-torsion of a rectangular beam and an H-beam, which have an elastic-plastic material property, are analysed, and the extension to the finite displacement problem is discussed. Many numerical examples are provided in order to check the accuracy of the formulation.
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    Announcements (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 955-957 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180614
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    Static analysis of shallow shells of arbitrary shape - a new approach (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 967-979 
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    Notes: A simple, efficient and economical numerical technique for the analysis of shallow shells-of arbitrary shape is presented. The technique is based upon the method of constant-deflection contours combined with the well-known finite element method. In the proposed method the elemental stiffness matrix is derived from a system of two consistent partial differential equations for two scalar functions using Galerkin's method. Several representative examples are included to indicate the effectiveness of the method.
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    A block equation solver for large unsymmetric matrices arising in the boundary integral equation method (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 997-1017 
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    Notes: An equation solver for the large unsymmetric systems of linear equations arising in the application of the boundary integral equation method to problems of linear elasticity in homogeneous or piecewise homogeneous solids is presented. The solver uses Gaussian elimination. The advantages of the solver over many existing eliminational or iterational methods are that it ignores many of the large groups of zeros that occur in piecewise homogeneous work, and also restrains growth of the number of non-zero matrix entries. Memory requirements and computation times therefore are reduced for many piecewise homogeneous problems.
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    Universal finite element matrices for tetrahedra (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1055-1061 
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    Notes: Methods are described for forming element matrices for a wide variety of operators on tetrahedral finite elements, in a manner similar to that previously employed for line segments and triangles. This technique models the differentiation and product-embedding operators as rectangular matrices, and produces finite element matrices by replacing all required analytic operations by their finite matrix analogues. The method is illustrated by deriving the conventional matrix representation for Laplace's equation. Computer programs are available, which generate universal finite element matrices for use in various applications.
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    The optimum size of quarter-point crack tip elements (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1101-1103 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: Ingraffea and Manu1 and Lynn and Ingraffea2 have shown that the size of the quarter-point elements can affect the computed elastic stress intensity factor. The nature of the effect is such that, all other details remaining constant, there is a particular crack tip element size which minimizes the error in the computed stress intensity factor. Here, size of element means the radial edge length. The reasons for this size dependence are discussed below. It will be seen that the discussion is in terms of the need to simultaneously represent the singular and finite stress terms in a given problem. The discussion has relevance to other formulations of crack tip elements.
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    Another kind of numerical instabilities of the integral approach to the interior boundary-value problem for the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1115-1130 
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    Notes: In a previous paper it has been proved by the author that the integral equations arising from the application of Green's formula to the Helmholtz equation in a limited domain can show a certain type of numerical instability, if a real Green's function is used. It has been also proved that such instabilities cannot arise if a complex Green's function is employed.However, it has been found in this latter case also that numerical instabilities can occur. This has been proved and thoroughly analysed for a circular domain, and a technique of avoiding these instabilities has been devised.Furthermore, when this technique is followed, very accurate results can be obtained, regardless of wavenumber used. Thus, only three or four segments are sufficient to describe a wavelength, contrary to what until now has been obtained, i.e. that at least six segments are always necessary. This last result has been shown to be valid also for geometries other than the circular one.
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    Yale sparse matrix package I: The symmetric codes (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1145-1151 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Second-order design sensitivity analysis of mechanical system dynamics (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1699-1717 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Dependence of dynamic response of nonlinear mechanical systems on design variables is analysed. An adjoint variable method is used to derive first- and second-order derivatives of measures of dynamic response with respect to design variables. A computational algorithm is presented for numerical calculation of first and second design derivatives. A simple oscillator example is solved analytically and by the adjoint variable method, with identical results. A burst fire automatic weapon mechanism with linear and nonlinear damping is treated numerically. It is shown that quadratic appriximations of dynamic response, using results of second-order design sensitivity analysis, can be substantially better than conventional linear approximations.
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    Engineering applications of computational hydraulics, Volume 1, ‘Homage to Alexandre preissmann’, edited by M. B. Abbott and J. A. Cunge, Pitman. No. of pages: 262. Price: £27.50. ISBN 0 273 08512 3 (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1739-1739 
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    Masthead (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982) 
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    Considerations of core storage arising from the finite element analysis of radiation diffusion-transport benchmark problems (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1745-1764 
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    Notes: Problems involving the diffusion and transport (angular dependence considered) of neutron radiation are frequently encountered in radiation physics and nuclear engineering. Neutron diffusion problems require substantial computer storage arising from the energy and spatial dependence, while in the case of transport problems the angular dependence of the neutron flux and of the neutron scattering process gives rise to a further considerable increase in storage. In the present work, a method has been developed which greatly eases the bandwidth problem in the solution of large systems of linear equations and algorithms have been developed to assemble and solve such systems of equations in one and two dimensions. The formalism used is the variational method and, for simplicity, linear interpolating functions have been used to derive a symmetric banded system of equations. Finite element algorithms have been implemented in the codes FEED1 and FEED2, which treat one and two space dimensions, respectively. Three benchmark problems are analysed in this paper and results are compared with finite difference discrete ordinate method solutions. It is shown that the finite element method provides fast and accurate solutions to neutron diffusion and transport problems.
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    Numerical operational methods for time-dependent linear problems (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1829-1854 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A general and systematic discussion on the use of the operational method of Laplace transform for numerically solving complex time-dependent linear problems is presented. Application of Laplace transform with respect to time on the governing differential equations as well as the boundary and initial conditions of the problem reduces it to one independent of time, which is solved in the transform domain by any convenient numerical technique, such as the finite element method, the finite difference method or the boundary integral equation method. Finally, the time domain solution is obtained by a numerical inversion of the transformed solution. Eight existing methods of numerical inversion of the Laplace transform are systematically discussed with respect to their use, range of applicability, accuracy and computational efficiency on the basis of some framework vibration problems. Other applications of the Laplace transform method in conjunction with the finite element method or the boundary integral equation method in the areas of earthquake dynamic response of frameworks, thermaliy induced beam vibrations, forced vibrations of cylindrical shells, dynamic stress concentrations around holes in plates and viscoelastic stress analysis are also briefly described to demonstrate the generality and advantages of the method against other known methods.
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    Dispersion analysis of finite element semidiscretizations of the two-dimensional wave equation (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 11-29 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The dispersive properties of finite element semidiscretizations of the two-dimensional wave equation are examined. Both bilinear quadrilateral elements and linear triangular elements are considered with diagonal and nondiagonal mass matrices in uniform meshes. It is shown that mass diagonalization and underintegration of the stiffness matrix of the quadrilateral element markedly increases dispersive errors. The dispersive properties of triangular meshes depends on the mesh layout; certain layouts introduce optical modes which amplify numerically induced oscillations and dispersive errors. Compared to the five-point Laplacian finite difference operator, rectangular finite element semidiscretizations with consistent mass matrices provide superior fidelity regardless of the wave direction.
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    Analytical selection of masters for the reduced eigenvalue problem (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 89-98 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: Masters are defined as the degrees-of-freedom that are retained in the reduced eigenvalue problem. Various qualitative guidelines to select masters are published in the literature, but it is difficult to apply them to complex structures. In this paper a computational algorithm to select masters for complex structures is presented. This algorithm is based on a guideline14 which assures that the associated Guyan reduction process is valid. This algorithm eliminates one degree-of-freedom at a time satisfying the guideline, and preserves lower frequencies in the reduced eigenvalue problem. The algorithm presented in this paper is used to select masters for four different structural models. The natural frequencies of the associated reduced eigenvalue problems are calculated and compared with those calculated from the full eigenvalue problems.
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    A finite element model for nonlinear shells of revolution (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 135-149 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: A finite element model for symmetrically loaded shells of revolution is described. The nonlinear geometric effects are accounted for by incrementing loads and iterating for equilibrium. The iteration process also allows for nonlinear materials. The shell model accounts for large strains, large rotations and shear deformation. Three example problems demonstrate the ability of this model to solve linear problems. Also, three example problems demonstrate the versatility and accuracy of this model for nonlinear problems. These nonlinear example problems are an axially loaded cylinder and an internally pressurized spherical shell that have large membrane strains, and a cylinder that deforms into a spherical shape, having large rotations.
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    Announcement (1982)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 166-166 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180117
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    Boundary layer refinements in convective diffusion problems (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 167-180 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper outlines a numerical procedure for the finite element solution of convective diffusion problems with significant convective terms using conventional (not upwinded) Galerkin methods in connection with ‘boundary-layer type’ elements. The underlying argument in the sequel is that the poor stability properties of conventional Galerkin methods are caused by the insufficient approximation of eigensolutions. These are located at some sections of the boundary and are only present within a generally very thin layer. Consequently, the identification of these layers and the satisfactory approximation of the eigensolutions are necessary and totally sufficient for a satisfactory solution. In the following we intend to present this procedure, its theoretical background and selected numerical results.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180203
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    A direct automated procedure for frictionless contact problems (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 245-257 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The solution of elastostatic bodies in frictionless contact is obtained by an automated direct method which exploits the theory of linear elasticity and circumvents the need for the inclusion of artificial interface elements, mathematical programming techniques or computation of contact pressure. The method is simple and economical to use and can be easily appended to existing numerical schemes such as the finite element method. The formulation and numerical algorithm are presented for body combinations which are independent of relative tangential displacements along the contact surface. The method is illustrated through an elementary example amenable to hand calculation. Numerical results for more realistic problems are given and compared to known solutions. It is concluded that the method provides a powerful means for both the analysis and design of contacting bodies when used in conjunction with a finite element computer program.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180207
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    A finite element model for plane elasticity problems using the complementary energy theorem (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 291-309 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element stress analysis capability for plane elasticity problems, employing the principle of stationary complementary energy, is developed. Two models are investigated. The first is a 24 d.o.f. rectangular finite element. The second model consists of an 18 d.o.f. triangular element. In order to allow for self-equilibrating stresses which are continuous within the element, the well-known Airy stress function ø is used. The function ø is represented by means of quintic Hermitian polynomials within the finite element. The values of the ø function and its derivatives up to order two are used as nodal parameters. For matching the stress function with the prescribed boundary tractions, additional equations are developed considering the force and moment equilibrium equations on the boundary consistent with the assumed stress function. These additional boundary equations are incorporated into the system equations using the Lagrangian multiplier technique. Excellent results are obtained for linear elastic problems even with coarse finite element discretization. Some examples of plane elasticity problems are solved and results compared.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180210
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    Proceedings of the international symposium on optimum structural design (the 11th Naval Structural Mechanics Symposium). No. of pages: 587. Price: $40, postage paid (U.S. only); $47 prepaid, surface mail (Foreign). Office of Special Professional Education, Harvill Building, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U.S.A. (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 321-321 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180213
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    A family of conforming finite elements for deep shell analysis (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 363-380 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The problem related to the derivation of conforming deep shell finite elements is examined in the light of the thin shell theory and using the classical Loves strain energy formulation. A family of quadrangular finite elements allowing for variable curvature is developed. It is shown how an exact conformity of the displacements can be ensured in a large number of cases.Various static and dynamic applications are used to illustrate the advantages of these elements.
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    A geodesic beam finite element for use in the-static analysis of reinforced circular cylindrical shells (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 397-419 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The development of a geodesic beam finite element for use with a specific circular cylindrical shell finite element in the analysis of reinforced circular cylinders is described.The basic strain and curvature change equations are given and, from these, three versions of the geodesic beam element are developed. Two of the beams have nodal degress-of-freedom identical with the shell element. They differ in the treatment of the terms relating to rotation about the principal normal. The first version ignores this parameter but, under certain circumstances, the stiffness matrix contains terms which can contribute to the strain energy under arbitrary rigid body movement of the beam. This deficiency is removed by applying an aspect of Koiter's theory which is used to transform the curvature change equations.The introduction of additional rotational degress-of-freedom, at the end nodes of the beam element, produces a variation which is capable of accurately representing and transmitting in-surface bending effects to an adjoining beam element.Numerical evaluation successfully compares finite element solutions to basic problems for straight, circular and helical beams with theoretical strain energy solutions. Finally the beam is used in conjunction with a shell element to analyse an infinitely long circular cylinder, reinforced with equispaced rings, subjected to internal pressure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180307
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    Masthead (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982) 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180401
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    Constraint relationships in linear and nonlinear finite element analyses (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 521-533 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element analysis of engineering structures commonly requires the use of inter-nodal displacement constraints. Current algorithms for this facility - elimination, Lagrange multipliers and penalty function methods - are briefly reviewed. An alternative approach is proposed which avoids some of the problems of these methods. This technique uses solution of the unconstrained stiffness equation with an extended number of right-hand sides. The resulting solutions are then combined to satisfy the constraints. This method has application in the synthesis of sub-structures with incompatible boundary variables. It is particularly efficient when the constraint affects many variables but the kinematics of the constraint can be expressed in terms of few independent variables, e.g. rigid body motion of part of the structure. In common with the Lagrange method, it produces data for use in a nonlinear analysis with constraints. The formulation of ‘rigid body’ constraints in geometric nonlinearity is detailed and demonstrated.
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    Internally discontinuous finite elements for moving interface problems (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 569-582 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: All physical process change with time and although physicists and engineers often freeze them to simplify their model studies, this is not always possible. Add to this the existence of several subregions within the modelling domain with different physical properties, the size and number of which change with time, and one has produced what might appear to be an intractable problem. Previous studies have shown that adaptive grids are an inconvenient way of modelling such moving interface problems and suggested that the use of a fixed grid with special discontinuous elements affords an efficient solution technique.This work presents and develops the characteristic matrices for two such elements, namely a quadratic triangle with an internal interface modelled by two straight lines and a quadratic isoparametric element. Both these elements are tested against an analytical solution to a simple Poisson equation. Such tests reveal the performance of the proposed elements to be satisfactory except for the definition of gradients near the interface.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180407
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    Elasto-viscoplastic and elasto-plastic large deformation analysis of thin plates and shells (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 591-607 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: To account for plastic deformation in plate and shell structures an elasto-viscoplastic solution algorithm is considered based on Perzyna's model for material behaviour. This algorithm can be employed to solve for time-dependent elasto-viscoplastic situations and by allowing steady-state conditions to be reached, elasto-plastic problems can also be considered.For the large displacement elasto-viscoplastic analysis of thin shells, an incremental stiffness procedure is employed together with a Lagrangian description of the stress and strain vectors. The Semiloof plate and shell elements are used for finite element space discretization.The procedures developed are applied to the solution of several numerical examples and the solutions compared with results from other sources where available.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180409
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    Masthead (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180501
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    Optimal arrangement of holes in a two-dimensional heat conductor by a special boundary integral method (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 675-685 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The position, size and surface temperature of circular holes inside a two-dimensional heat conductor are optimized to produce a minimum variation in surface temperature over a portion of the outer boundary. This problem, whic arises in thermal desing of moulds and dies, resembles those encountered in structural shape optimization because the internal geometry of the heat conductor depends on the design variables. In this paper, some of the traditional difficulties associated with shape optimization are overcome by analysing steady heat conduction with a special boundary integral method developed for two-dimensional regions with circular hole. This approach eliminates the need to regenerate a finite element mesh over the interior of the region each time the geometry is changed during the design process. It also increases the efficiency of the analysis by reducing the number of unknowns in the numerical discretization of the region. Since the objective function depends only on the boundary temperatures, there is no need to determine temperatures in the interior.The analysis method is applied to two problems arising in optimal thermal design of compression moulds. These examples show that the number of holes choson for the design strongly affects their resulting optimal arrangement as well as the ultimate uniformity of the cavity surface temperature.
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    Some problems of a plate bending hybrid model with shear effect (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 755-764 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A triangular plate bending hybrid element is constructed according to Reissner's principle. It has 9 degrees-of-freedom and the shear effect is included. The C0 formulation of thick plate is directly developed to solve the thin plate by imposing the discrete Kirchhoff constraints. The matching problem for bending and shear in the hybrid model of thick plate is effectively treated by use of the principle of the energy regulation such that the unified analysis of thick and thin plates is realized. Finally, numerical examples are presented.
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    Ordinary differential equations, H. Rama Mohana Rao, Edward Arnold, 1981 (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 798-798 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Optimality in parametric systems, T. L. Vincent and W.J. Grantham, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1981. No. of pages: 243. Price: $29.00 (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 798-798 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180517
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    A new penalty function element for thin shell analysisPart of this work has been presented at the 17th Annual Meeting of the Society of Engineering Science, held at Georgia Institute of Technology at Atlanta, Georgia, 15-17 December, 1980. (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 845-861 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: In this paper a triangular thin shell element is presented where C1 continuity is introduced by means of the penalty function technique. The displacement field has complete cubic polynomials for each component. The introduced constraint condition is the continuity of normal slopes of the transverse displacements along interelement boundaries. Classical thin shell theory for small deformations is applied. Several analyses of thin plates and shells are performed, including a large problem of practical interest, to study the effect of an increasing penalty factor. The accuracy of the results is estimated and compared to the actually occurred error. In the conclusions a recommended value for the penalty factor is given.
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    Interactive computer graphic preprocessing for three-dimensional finite element analysis (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 909-926 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An interactive computer graphic system has been developed for generating and editing three-dimensional finite element meshes. The various difficulties inherent to the generation of solid three-dimensional geometries through an effective use of computer graphic techniques are examined to explain the advantages of this system. The method is a combination of discrete transfinite mapping and cubic spline blending algorithms, used, respectively, to create plane cross-sectional meshes, and to generate the three-dimensional geometry by interpolaring between the cross-sections. The communication between analyst and machine is based on a digitizing tablet and a refresh vector scope. The dynamic viewing capabilities and depth cueing of the vector display greatly enhance the perception of the mesh three-dimensionality. Multi-view dynamic display is also employed to facilitate node or element selection. The flexibility and usefulness of the system are illustrated with the help of three examples of practical interest.
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    Finite elements: An introduction. Volume 1, E. B. Becker, G. F. Carey and J. T. Oden, Prentice-Hall (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 954-955 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180613
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    Some ‘special’ interpolation formulae for triangular and quadrilateral elements (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 959-966 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Presented herein are methods to generate special interpolation formulae of the following type: (i) C0 continuous interpolation over triangular elements which induces a given type of singularity for the first derivatives at one of the vertices, and yet preserves ‘rigid and constant strain’ motions, (ii) C1 continuous interpolation over triangular elements which induces a given type of singularity for second derivatives at one of the vertices.
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    Higher order accuracy finite-difference schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1019-1029 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An explicit algorithm which gives stable finite-difference schemes, of order of accuracy greater than two, for solving a quasi-linear hyperbolic system of partial differential equations in several space dimensions is presented. Third and fourth order accuracy schemes are derived using this algorithm. The fourth order scheme needs fewer flux evaluations than the scheme given by Abarbanel and Gottlieb.1 Numerical results obtained show that these schemes have the expected accuracy and stability.
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    Estimating stress intensity factors with singular components of the total finite element solution (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1063-1076 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Displacement formulated singular elements are compared to isoparametric quarter-node elements. The total stress and displacement solution for each element is decomposed into singular and regular components for evaluating stress intensity factors. Specific relationships between nodal displacements and the singular component of stress are presented for the isoparametric element at selected locations within the element. Numerical results for KI and KII in the slant crack problem are presented. The singular components are shown to produce superior results when considering crack opening displacements.
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    Masthead (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Band algorithm for unsymmetric matrices in finite element and semi-discrete methods (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1197-1211 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A compact FORTRAN subroutine for reducing unsymmetric band matrices (in-core solution) is presented. As usual, the zeros inside the band are skipped during the Gauss elimination. However, the theme of the paper is centred on a new approach in applying the above-mentioned band solver to transient problems. The approach results in considerable saving of computational time while also achieving reduction in memory space. This double advantage makes it particularly useful in handling dynamic real world problems. Extension of the use of the algorithm to moving boundary problems is indicated.
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    Permutation rules for simplex finite elements (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1245-1248 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Simplicial finite elements have many symmetries, which are commonly exploited in programs to save computing time and storage. All possible permutations of the interpolation functions of an N-simplex can be expressed in terms of N basic permutation operations. The relevant permutation matrices are given for triangles up to order 20 and tetrahedra up to order 10.
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    Announcements (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1265-1270 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Mixed formulation finite elements for mindlin theory plate bending (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1297-1311 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Two new finite elements are developed for the Mindlin theory plate bending problem. The formulation is based on the modified Hellinger-Reissner principle with independent transverse shear strains. Numerical examples indicate that, with properly assumed transverse shear strains, these new elements designated as PLAT8 and PLAT8H do not exhibit locking effect even for very thin plates.
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    Singular cubature over triangles (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1375-1384 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Integration over triangles where the integrand contains a singularity at one of the vertices is considered in this paper. The applications for such problems arise in using the boundary element method. Low order formulae are presented and compared to previous methods where the singularity was not considered.
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    The potential due to a uniform source distribution over a triangular domain (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1401-1411 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An exact expression is derived for the potential due to a uniform source distribution over a triangular domain. This expression, which is valid for arbitrary field points, is important for the numerical solution of electromagnetic field problems. Numerical values of the potential are calculated by using the expression obtained, and are compared with the results derived by numerical integration.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180911
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    Experimental modelling in engineering, F. W. David and H. Nolle, Butterworths, 1982. Price: £10.00 (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1423-1423 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180915
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    Announcements (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1425-1427 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180918
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    A family of hybrid plate elements (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1455-1468 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Hybrid stress elements are known to provide accurate results for analyses of plate bending; in particular, for the prediction of moment distribution. The construction of hybrid stiffness matrix requires numerical inversion of a moment matrix, evaluation of some relatively complicated boundary integrals and several matrix transformations. Each of these operations can be time-consuming, and the matrix inversion can result in a loss of numerical accuracy.This paper devises methods to explicitly invert the moment matrices. We find that for triangular elements the inverse is independent of the element shape and is only inversely proportional to its size. We also use a novel set of displacement variables, which greatly simplifies the boundary integration. The displacement variables are chosen in a hierarchical form so that lower order elements can be determined by straightforward reduction of excess terms in a higher order element. Except for the nodal displacements at the vertices, the present approach involves only variables at the midpoints of the sides of an element.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181003
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    A linear finite element approach to the solution of the variational inequalities arising in contact problems of structural dynamics (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1505-1520 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The present paper deals with the theoretical and numerical treatment of dynamic unilateral problems. The governing equations are formulated as an equivalent variational inequality expressing D' Alembert's principle in its inequality form. The discretization with respect to time and space leads to a static nonlinear programming problem which is solved by an appropriate algorithm. Some properties of dynamic unilateral problems are outlined and the influence of several parameters on the solution is investigated by means of numerical examples.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181006
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    On the displacement formulation of torsion of shafts with rectangular cross-sections (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1565-1568 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The use of warping displacement functions for the torsional stiffness representation of beams with rectangular cross-sections is studied. These functions can directly be employed in the displacement-based formulation of Hermitian and isoparametric three-dimensional beam elements for linear, elastic-plastic or large displacement/large rotation analysis. the results of some studies are given to demonstrate the applicability and use of the proposed functions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181010
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    Announcements (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1583-1585 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181016
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    A strategy for the solution of soil dynamic problems involving plasticity by transform (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1601-1611 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A closed solution for dynamic problems with the transform technique is possible for linear behaviour only. Therefore, a strategy for the solution involving nonlinear material behaviour has been developed. Herewith, an iterative equalization is made possible by the repeated transform of the differential equations given through the initial strain method.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181103
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    Alternative ways for formulation of hybrid stress elements (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1679-1684 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181107
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    Rapid crack propagation and arrest in the dcb specimen - an improved numerical analysis (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1719-1732 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A two-dimensional linear elastodynamic analysis of crack initiation, fast crack propagation and crack arrest in the DCB specimen is presented. The analysis is performed using the previously developed SMF2D code in its generation mode. The experimentally measured crack tip motion, as well as the specimen's geometry and its material characteristics, serve as input to the simulation. The dynamic stress intensity factor, the dynamic energy release rate and the various distributions of energies are subsequently evaluated. The numerical results are found to be in very good agreement with analytical and experimental findings.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181110
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    On a differential equation occurring in structural mechanics: A simple aid to computing (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1733-1735 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The solution of a fourth order differential equation, which governs a number of problems in structural mechanics and possibly elsewhere, is considered. It is shown how the use of complex arithmetic can be avoided in the computation.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181111
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    Eurographics '81, edited by Jose L. Encarnacao, North-Holland Publishing Company. ISBN 0-444-86284-6. Price $42.50/Dfl. 100.00 (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1739-1740 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181114
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    A finite boundary method for fluid flow field computations (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1765-1784 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A powerful new finite boundary concept of seeking field solution, at few selected regions in the solution domain, is introduced. Also a highly economical finite boundary method (FBM) which would greatly reduce the size of the coefficient matrix of the resulting system of simultaneous algebraic equations, requiring lesser computer memory and lesser computing time, is developed. Fluid flow fields governed by the basic elliptic partial differential equations - the Laplace's and the Poisson's equations - in two independent variables are mainly considered. The computational merits of the FBM are shown by solving, as an example, a simple representative flow problem, and the relevant computational finite boundary formulae are given in tabular form. The formulae are numerically derived based on a generalized method presented here. The added feature of the FBM is that it proves to be equally economical even when the solution is sought in the entire flow domain. The problem of steady-state viscous flows governed by the Navier-Stokes equations, the system of two simultaneous partial differential equations - the Poisson's equation and the vorticity transport equation - makes the FBM doubly economical. The possibility of developing an efficient hybrid computational algorithm, for curved problem boundaries, in conjunction with the finite element method, is discussed. The extension of FBM to transient, non-elliptic problems and to three-dimensional problem fields is also indicated. The FBM has been discussed in a more detailed manner so as to clearly bring out the advantages of the new finite boundary concept.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181203
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    Fourier series solution for a rectangular thick plate with free edges on an elastic foundation (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1801-1820 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A Fourier series solution is presented for a system of first-order partial differential equations which describe the linear elastic behaviour of a thick rectangular plate resting on an elastic foundation and carrying an arbitrary transverse load. The lateral edges of the plate are unstressed. A central step in the method for solving the system of equations is to combine a complementary function with a particular solution of the system in order to satisfy the boundary conditions. The complementary function is the sum of two series. The terms of the first series are products of a Fourier term in one space variable with the solution of an eigenvalue problem in the other space variable. The second series is similar and comes from reversing the roles of the space variables.
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    Limitations and possible extensions to a nonlinear finite element shell-of-revolution model based on Reissner's shell theory (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1855-1871 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element nonlinear shell model has been developed using Reissner's symmetrically loaded shell-of-revolution theory. This model is capable of modelling nonlinear strains, large rotations and nonlinear materials. This paper discusses the limitations of this model by deriving the basic equations and describing the simplifying assumptions used in the theory and the model. Possible extensions of the model are discussed also.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181208
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    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984) 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200101
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    Numerically efficient procedures for dynamic contact problems (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 1-14 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The solution of dynamic contact (elastic impact) problems is complicated by the changing nature of the contact area. If a finite element approach is used, the system matrices vary with the contact area. If the problem is properly formulated, such changes are rank one. Rank one changes produce easily determinable changes in the LDLT decompositions of the system matrices. This renders a class of dynamic contact problems soluble with the same accuracy and computational effort as is associated with the solution of any dynamic problem using finite element procedures. Consideration of an example problem involving the impact of spring-mass systems confirms this claim.
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    A Taylor-Galerkin method for convective transport problems (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 101-119 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method is described to derive finite element schemes for the scalar convection equation in one or more space dimensions. To produce accurate temporal differencing, the method employs forward-time Taylor series expansions including time derivatives of second- and third-order which are evaluated from the governing partial differential equation. This yields a generalized time-discretized equation which is successively discretized in space by means of the standard Bubnov-Galerkin finite element method. The technique is illustrated first in one space dimension. With linear elements and Euler, leap-frog and Crank-Nicolson time stepping, several interesting relations with standard Galerkin and recently developed Petrov-Galerkin methods emerge and the new Taylor-Galerkin schemes are found to exhibit particularly high phase-accuracy with minimal numerical damping. The method is successively extended to deal with variable coefficient problems and multi-dimensional situations.
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    A note on symmetry considerations in the transient response of unsymmetrically laminated anisotropic plates (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 175-181 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200113
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    Asymmetric bending of axisymmetric shells (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 169-173 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A two-noded, straight element with one-point quadrature is introduced for the unsymmetrical bending of orthotropic axisymmetric shells. The numerical results indicate that the present simple element performs accurately for both thick and thin shell applications.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200112
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    A comment on the effectiveness of uniform finite element refinements (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 187-194 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Numerical results using uniform h-refinement approaches to the solution of a pair of elasticity problems with singularities are presented and compared to recently published results based on the uniform p-refinement approaches.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200115
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    Numerical solutions to some free surface flows through nonhomogeneous media (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 143-167 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Steady-state, free surface seepage through a heterogeneous porous medium underlain by a drain at a finite depth is solved using a fixed domain solution technique. The problems investigated are axisymmetric seepage from a circular pond and plane seepage from a symmetric channel. These ponds and channels may have variable shaped bottoms. Since the Baiocchi transformation was used to define a new dependent variable, the form of the permeability function was restricted to a product of functions of the independent variables. Herein the permeability was chosen to be a function of the depth only. For certain forms of this function, namely those having negative gradients, part of the flowfield becomes unsaturated and this violates the assumed saturation of the flowfield in the flow theory. The governing differential equation, which holds in the sense of distributions, is derived for a fixed solution domain and a simple algorithm (a finite difference successive over-relaxation scheme with projection) is given to obtain the solution to these free surface problems. Numerous comparisons are made with published results. Rigorous mathematical justification of the methods used herein can be found in the references cited.
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    Announcements (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 195-195 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200116
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    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984) 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200201
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