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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Injection moulding of thermoplastics: Freezing of variable-viscosity fluids. (1986)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 25 (1986), S. 372-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Injection moulding ; thermoplastic ; freezing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The injection moulding of thermoplastics involves, during mould filling, flows of hot polymer melts into mould networks, the walls of which are so cold that frozen layers form on them. An analytical study of such flows is presented here for the case when the Graetz number is small and the Nahme number is non-zero and can be large. Thus the flows are fully-developed and temperature differences due to heat generation by viscous dissipation are sufficiently large to cause significant variations in viscosity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01331508
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Injection moulding of thermoplastics. I. Freezing-off at gates (1985)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 24 (1985), S. 497-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Injection moulding ; thermoplastic ; freezing-off ; gate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The injection moulding of thermoplastics involves, during mould filling, flow of a hot molten polymer into a mould network, the walls of which are so cold that the polymer freezes on them. During the constant pressure drop part of the filling stage, but not during the preceding constant flow-rate part, freezing-off, that is premature blockage of the mould network by frozen polymer, is possible. A semi-quantitative analysis of such freezing-off at a gate is presented here. The length-scales and time-scales of all the relevant physical processes occurring during freezing-off are identified and a criterion is obtained which enables the occurrence of freezing-off to be predicted, at least crudely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01462497
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Injection moulding of thermoplastics. II. Freezing-off in cavities (1985)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 24 (1985), S. 509-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Injection moulding ; thermoplastic ; freezing-off ; mould cavity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The injection moulding of thermoplastics involves, during mould filling, flow of a hot molten polymer into a mould network, the walls of which are so cold that the polymer freezes on them. During the constant pressure drop part of the filling stage, but not during the preceding constant flow-rate part, freezing-off, that is premature blockage of the mould network by frozen polymer, is possible. A semi-quantitative analysis of such freezing-off in a mould cavity is presented here. The length-scales and time-scales of all the relevant physical processes occurring during freezing-off are identified and a criterion is obtained which enables the occurrence of freezing-off to be predicted, at least crudely. This criterion is shown to be corroborated by experimental data for the filling of a spiral mould cavity by three different polymers under a range of different operating conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01462498
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Injection moulding of thermoplastics: Freezing of variable-viscosity fluids. (1986)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 25 (1986), S. 308-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Injection moulding ; thermoplastic ; freezing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The injection moulding of thermoplastics involves, during mould filling, flows of hot polymer melts into mould networks, the walls of which are so cold that frozen layers form on them. An analytical study of such flows is presented here for the case when the Graetz and Pearson numbers are large and the Nahme number is small. Thus the flows are developing and the difference between the entry temperature of the polymer to a specific part of the mould network and the melting temperature of the polymer is sufficiently large to cause significant variations in viscosity (but temperature differences due to heat generation by viscous dissipation are not).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01357957
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freezing-off in disc cavities (1987)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 26 (1987), S. 102-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Injection moulding ; thermoplastic ; freezing-off ; mould cavity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A semi-quantitative analysis is presented of freezing-off in a disc cavity during the injection moulding of thermoplastics. A criterion is obtained which enables the occurrence of freezing-off to be predicted, at least crudely. The form of the criterion is found to depend on the direction of flow (radially outward or inward) in the disc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01332691
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An absolute vibrating-wire viscometer for liquids at high pressures (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 12 (1991), S. 231-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: high pressure ; n-hexane ; vibrating wire ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The design and operation of a new vibrating-wire viscometer for the measurement of the viscosity of liquids at pressures up to 100 MPa are described. The design of the instrument is based on a complete theory so that it is possible to make absolute measurements with an associated error of only a few parts in one thousand. Absolute measurements of the viscosity of n-hexane are reported at 298.15 K at pressures up to 80 MPa. The overall uncertainty in the reported viscosity data is estimated to be ±0.5%, an estimate confirmed by the comparison of values of viscosity of slightly inferior accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500749
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compression work using the transient hot-wire method (1992)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 13 (1992), S. 223-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: dilute gas ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity ; transient hot wire
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new treatment of the effect of the work of compression upon thermal conductivity measurements by the transient hot-wire technique is presented. The new analysis improves upon those given earlier and leads to quite a different result. The result makes it clear that the dilute gaseous state need not be excluded from the range of thermodynamic states in which accurate measurements are made owing to this effect, in contrast to the conclusions of earlier work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00504433
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Injection moulding of thermoplastics: Freezing of variable-viscosity fluids. (1986)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 25 (1986), S. 180-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Injection moulding ; thermoplastic ; freezing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The injection moulding of thermoplastics involves, during mould filling, flows of hot polymer melts into mould networks, the walls of which are so cold that frozen layers form on them. An analytical study of such flows is presented here for the case when the Graetz and Nahme numbers are large and the Pearson number is small. Thus the flows are developing and temperature differences due to heat generation by viscous dissipation are sufficiently large to cause significant variations in viscosity (but the difference between the entry temperature of the polymer to a specific part of the mould network and the melting temperature of the polymer is not).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01332137
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Injection moulding of thermoplastics: Freezing during mould filling (1983)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 22 (1983), S. 223-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Injection moulding ; thermoplastic ; freezing ; polymer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The injection moulding of thermoplastic polymers involves, during mould filling, flows of hot melts into mould networks, the walls of which are so cold that frozen layers form on them. Theoretical analyses of such flows are presented here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01332374
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The theory of a vibrating-rod densimeter (1986)
    Springer
    Flow, turbulence and combustion 43 (1986), S. 127-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1987
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The paper presents a theory of a device for the accurate determination of the density of fluids over a wide range of thermodynamic states. The instrument is based upon the measurement of the characteristics of the resonance of a circular section tube, or rod, performing steady, transverse oscillations in the fluid. The theory developed accounts for the fluid motion external to the rod as well as the mechanical motion of the rod and is valid over a defined range of conditions. A complete set of working equations and corrections is obtained for the instrument which, together with the limits of the validity of the theory, prescribe the parameters of a practical design capable of high accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386040
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