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  • Articles  (53)
  • Rats, Inbred Strains  (53)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (53)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (33)
  • 1982  (20)
  • Physics  (53)
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  • Articles  (53)
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  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (53)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
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    Ontogeny of gastric acid secretion in the rat: evidence for multiple response systems (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-02
    Description: Gastric acid secretion has been thought to depend on histamine stimulation of the parietal cell. However, in the 2-week-old rat neither exogenous histamine nor the H-2 receptor agonist impromidine stimulates acid secretion, whereas pentagastrin and the cholinergic agent bethanechol are potent stimuli. At this age, the effect of pentagastrin in acid secretion is not blocked by the H-2 receptor antagonist cimetidine, nor is it potentiated by impromidine. These data suggest that, in the rat pup, the acid secretory response to pentagastrin and cholinergic agents occurs before the histamine-mediated system is functional and operates independently of the actions of histamine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ackerman, S H -- K1-MH00077/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01-AM-18804/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 2;217(4554):75-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6211765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Bethanechol Compounds/pharmacology ; Gastric Juice/drug effects/*secretion ; Gastric Mucosa/growth & development ; Guanidines/pharmacology ; Histamine/pharmacology ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Impromidine ; Pentagastrin/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Histamine H2/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Stereoisomers of N-allylnormetazocine: phencyclidine-like behavioral effects in squirrel monkeys and rats (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-08
    Description: (+/-)-N-Allylnormetazocine is a benzomorphan opioid with psychotomimetic effects. The pure stereoisomers of this compound, as well as the racemic mixture, were compared to phencyclidine for their behavioral effects on squirrel monkeys and rats trained to discriminate phencyclidine from saline. Dose-response determinations were made for responses to phencyclidine, to a racemic mixture of N-allylnormetazocine, and to the pure levo and dextro isomers of N-allylnormetazocine. In both rats and monkeys, the dextro isomer and the racemic mixture produced dose-dependent responses appropriate for phencyclidine; the levo isomer did not produce the responses appropriate for phencyclidine at any of the doses tested. In both species, the levo isomer was more potent than the dextro isomer in decreasing the rate of responding. Thus racemic N-allylnormetazocine is a mixture of compounds that produce different behavioral effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brady, K T -- Balster, R L -- May, E L -- DA-00490/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-01442/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 8;215(4529):178-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6274022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Phenazocine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Phencyclidine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects ; Saimiri ; Stereoisomerism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Reversal of morphine disruption of maternal behavior by concurrent treatment with the opiate antagonist naloxone (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: Rats whose pregnancies were surgically terminated on day 17 of gestation were injected with morphine, morphine plus naloxone hydrochloride, or saline, and then tested for maternal responsiveness toward foster young. Morphine treatment alone significantly disrupted the rate of onset and quality of maternal responsiveness. Concurrent administration of naloxone to morphine-injected rats reinstated the rapid onset of behavioral responsiveness toward foster young, such that the responsiveness of the rats treated with both morphine and naloxone was indistinguishable from that shown by saline-injected controls. The disruptive effects of morphine did not appear to result from a general reduction in activity levels as measured in an open-field apparatus. These findings suggest that the normal onset and maintenance of maternal behavior in the rat may be regulated by endogenous opiates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bridges, R S -- Grimm, C T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):166-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Drug Antagonism ; Female ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Naloxone/*pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Ethanol in low doses augments calcium-mediated mechanisms measured intracellularly in hippocampal neurons (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-15
    Description: The electrophysiological effects of ethanol in low doses (5 to 20 millimoles per liter or 23 to 92 milligrams per 100 milliliters) were examined intracellularly in CA1 cells of rat hippocampus in vitro. Inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials were increased when ethanol was applied to the respective synaptic terminal regions. Postsynaptically, ethanol caused a moderate hyperpolarization with increased membrane conductance, even when synaptic transmission was blocked. Ethanol augmented the hyperpolarization that followed repetitive firing or that followed the eliciting of calcium spikes in the presence of tetrodotoxin, but not the rapid afterhyperpolarization in calcium-free medium. Ethanol appears to augment calcium-mediated mechanisms both pre- and postsynaptically.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlen, P L -- Gurevich, N -- Durand, D -- R01 NS16660-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 15;215(4530):306-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7053581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/*drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Potassium/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Synaptic Membranes/drug effects ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Modulation of striatal dopaminergic function by local injection of 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Description: Rats rotated to the left when 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) was injected into the left caudate nucleus and apomorphine was administered subcutaneously. The combination of NECA and apomorphine was more potent than L-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine and apomorphine in eliciting rotation, suggesting the involvement of adenosine receptors of the Ra type. The response was reduced when 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine was injected along with NECA into the caudate nucleus or when theorphylline was given intraperitoneally. Higher doses of apomorphine elicited a self-mutilatory response after the injection of NECA into the caudate nucleus. These results suggest that adenosine may be involved in the modulation of dopaminergic function in the striatum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, R D -- Proudfit, H K -- Yeung, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 1;218(4567):58-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide) ; Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; Caudate Nucleus/*physiology ; Corpus Striatum/*physiology ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Injections ; Kinetics ; Male ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Rotation ; Vasodilator Agents/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Purinergic regulation of food intake (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-02
    Description: Inosine peripherally administered to rats markedly suppressed spontaneous food intake and food intake induced by diazepam, muscimol, insulin, and food deprivation. The purines 2-deoxyguanosine and 2-deoxyinosine also suppressed food deprivation-induced feeding, whereas 7-methylinosine, which does not bind to the benzodiazepine binding site in vitro, had no effect on food intake when compared with controls. These results suggest that purines may represent endogenous substances that regulate food intake through interactions with the benzodiazepine receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, A S -- Morley, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 2;217(4554):77-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7046046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Appetite/*drug effects ; Deoxyguanosine/pharmacology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Eating/*drug effects ; Food Deprivation ; Inosine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Male ; Muscimol/pharmacology ; Purines/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Suppression of ovulation in the rat by an orally active antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: A synthetic antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone blocked ovulation in rats in a dose-dependent manner when given by gavage on the afternoon of proestrus. Ovulation was delayed for at least 1 day in all animals given 2 milligrams of antogonist and in some of the animals treated with 1 or 0.5 milligram. Oral administration of 2 milligrams also blocked the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone. This demonstration that antagonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone can have oral antiovulatory activity clearly enhances their therapeutic potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nekola, M B -- Horvath, A -- Ge, L J -- Coy, D H -- Schally, A V -- HD-0-2831/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):160-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6750790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Luteinizing Hormone/secretion ; Ovulation/*drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Proestrus/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Brain injury causes a time-dependent increase in neuronotrophic activity at the lesion site (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-27
    Description: A cavity was made in the brain (entorhinal cortex) of developing or adult rats, and a small piece of Gelfoam was emplaced to collect fluid secreted into the wound. The neuronotrophic activity of the fluid was assayed with sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons in culture. The results show that wounds in the brain of developing or adult rats stimulate the accumulation of neuronotrophic factors and that the activity of these factors increases over the first few days after infliction of the damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nieto-Sampedro, M -- Lewis, E R -- Cotman, C W -- Manthorpe, M -- Skaper, S D -- Barbin, G -- Longo, F M -- Varon, S -- AG-00538/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH-19691/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-16349/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 27;217(4562):860-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic Fibers/physiology ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Injuries/*physiopathology ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholinergic Fibers/physiology ; Kinetics ; Nerve Growth Factors/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Wound Healing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Regulation of carcinogen metabolism in the rat ovary by the estrous cycle and gonadotropin (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-25
    Description: The activity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene hydroxylase in the rat ovary is several times higher in the proestrous phase of the estrous cycle than in the estrous and metestrous plus diestrous phases. Administration of gonadotropin leads to a similar increase in the capacity of the ovary to metabolize xenobiotics. This variation in the activity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene hydroxylase during the estrous cycle may be related to the marked changes in the incidence of ovarian cancer during menopause and in women taking contraceptive pills.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bengtsson, M -- Rydstrom, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 25;219(4591):1437-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6681915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/*metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism ; Epoxide Hydrolases/metabolism ; *Estrus ; Female ; Glutathione Transferase/metabolism ; Gonadotropins, Equine/*pharmacology ; Metestrus ; Ovary/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; Proestrus ; Quinone Reductases/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Pimozide blocks establishment but not expression of amphetamine-produced environment-specific conditioning (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-17
    Description: Animals with a history of receiving daily injections of +-amphetamine in a specific environment showed a placebo effect (enhanced activity) when injected with saline and placed there; control animals with similar but dissociated drug histories and experience with the test chamber failed to show the effect. The dopamine receptor blocker pimozide antagonized the establishment of conditioning. However, the same dose of pimozide, when given to previously conditioned animals on the placebo test day, failed to antagonize the expression of conditioned activity. Thus, during conditioning dopaminergic neurons mediated a change that subsequently influenced behavior even when dopaminergic systems were blocked. Although schizophrenia may be related to hyperfunctioning of dopamine, neuroleptic drugs, which block dopamine receptors on their first administration, do not have therapeutic effects for a number of days. The results of the pimozide experiments may resolve this paradox.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beninger, R J -- Hahn, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 17;220(4603):1304-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology)/*drug effects/physiology ; Dextroamphetamine/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Pimozide/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Dopamine/physiology ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Direct in vivo monitoring of dopamine released from two striatal compartments in the rat (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: Microvoltammetric electrodes were used to monitor dopamine released in the caudate nucleus of the rat after electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. The time resolution of the technique is sufficient to determine in vivo concentration changes on a time scale of seconds. Direct evidence identifying the substance released as dopamine was obtained both voltammetrically and pharmacologically. Administration of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine terminates the release of dopamine, although tissue stores of dopamine are still present. Thus there appears to be a compartment for dopamine storage that is not available for immediate release. This compartment appears to be mobilized by amfonelic acid, since administration of this agent after alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine returns the concentration of dopamine released by electrical stimulation to 75 percent of the original amount.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ewing, A G -- Bigelow, J C -- Wightman, R M -- KO 4 NS000356/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):169-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphetamine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Caudate Nucleus/drug effects/*metabolism ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Male ; Methyltyrosines/pharmacology ; Microelectrodes ; Naphthyridines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; alpha-Methyltyrosine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Scientist sues over genetically impure mice (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):625-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6603019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Jurisprudence ; Mice ; *Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Research ; United States ; Wisconsin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    Adenosine receptors: autoradiographic evidence for their location on axon terminals of excitatory neurons (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Adenosine receptors were made visible on light microscopy by autoradiography with tritiated cyclohexyladenosine. In the cerebellum, adenosine receptors were absent in Weaver mice, which lack granule cells, and were displaced in Reeler mice, which have displacements of granule cells. Thus, adenosine receptors appear to be located on the axon terminals of excitatory granule cells in the cerebellum. Removal of one eye of a rat depleted adenosine receptors in the contralateral superior colliculus, suggesting that the receptors occur on axon terminals of excitatory projections from retinal ganglion cells. The presence of adenosine receptors on excitatory axon terminals may explain synaptic inhibition by adenosine and the behavioral effects of xanthines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodman, R R -- Kuhar, M J -- Hester, L -- Snyder, S H -- DA-00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH-18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-16375/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):967-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302841" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/*physiology ; Animals ; Autoradiography ; Axons/*physiology ; Cerebellum/physiology ; Corpus Striatum/physiology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*physiology ; Receptors, Purinergic ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/physiology ; Synaptic Membranes/physiology ; Thalamus/physiology
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  • 14
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    Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and muscarinic receptors: supersensitivity induced by long-term atropine treatment (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: Long-term treatment of rats with atropine induced large increases in the numbers of muscarinic receptors and receptors for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the salivary glands. Since receptors for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide coexist with muscarinic receptors on the same neurons in this preparation, the results suggest that a drug that alters the sensitivity of one receptor may also affect the sensitivity of the receptor for a costored transmitter and in this way contribute to the therapeutic or side effects of the drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedlund, B -- Abens, J -- Bartfai, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):519-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6132446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atropine/*pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Hormones/*metabolism ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*drug effects ; Receptors, Muscarinic/analysis/*drug effects ; Salivary Glands/analysis/innervation ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/analysis/*metabolism
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  • 15
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    Systemic cholinergic agents induce seizures and brain damage in lithium-treated rats (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Administration of pilocarpine or physostigmine to rats treated with lithium chloride produced sustained limbic seizures, widespread brain damage, and increased concentrations of D-myo-inositol-1-phosphate (a metabolite of the phosphoinositides, lipids involved in membrane receptor function) in the brain. The syndrome was preventable with atropine. The physostigmine doses and concentrations of blood lithium that caused the syndrome are similar to those considered appropriate for psychiatric chemotherapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Honchar, M P -- Olney, J W -- Sherman, W R -- MH-14677/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-38894/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-05159/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):323-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atropine/pharmacology ; Brain Chemistry/drug effects ; Chlorides/adverse effects ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Inositol/analogs & derivatives/analysis ; *Inositol Phosphates ; Lithium/*adverse effects ; Lithium Chloride ; Male ; Parasympathomimetics/*adverse effects ; Physostigmine/adverse effects ; Pilocarpine/adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Seizures/*chemically induced ; Substance-Related Disorders/*etiology
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  • 16
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    Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in rats by intracerebral injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-25
    Description: Intracisternal injection of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) into the pylorus-ligated rat or the rat with gastric fistula resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of gastric secretion stimulated with pentagastrin or thyrotropin-releasing hormone. When injected into the lateral hypothalamus--but not when injected into the cerebral cortex--CRF suppressed pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. The inhibitory effect of CRF was blocked by vagotomy and adrenalectomy but not by hypophysectomy or naloxone treatment. These results indicate that CRF acts within the brain to inhibit gastric acid secretion through vagal and adrenal mechanisms and not through hypophysiotropic effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tache, Y -- Goto, Y -- Gunion, M W -- Vale, W -- River, J -- Brown, M -- AM30110/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 25;222(4626):935-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6415815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Brain/*drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gastric Acid/*secretion ; Hypophysectomy ; Hypothalamus/drug effects ; Male ; Pentagastrin/antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors ; Vagotomy
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  • 17
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    Insulin-like growth factors: a role in growth hormone negative feedback and body weight regulation via brain (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Description: Intracerebroventricular administration of ILA's, a preparation enriched in insulin-like growth factors, caused a marked decrease in growth hormone secretory episodes and in body weight associated with reduced food intake over 24 hours. Central injection of insulin and bovine serum albumin had no such effects. These findings suggest that insulin-like growth factors play a role in growth hormone negative feedback and body weight regulation at the level of the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tannenbaum, G S -- Guyda, H J -- Posner, B I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 1;220(4592):77-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6338593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Weight/*drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/*physiology ; Eating/drug effects ; Growth Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors/blood/*physiology ; Insulin/blood/*pharmacology ; Male ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Somatomedins/*pharmacology
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  • 18
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    Potent interaction between glucocorticoids and growth hormone-releasing factor in vivo (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-05
    Description: Administration of dexamethasone significantly enhanced the pituitary growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing factor in intact as well as adrenalectomized rats. Thus the inhibitory effects of glucocorticosteroids on somatic growth which involve an interaction of these steroids and growth hormone at a peripheral level may also involve a modification of pathways within the central nervous system that regulate normal growth hormone secretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wehrenberg, W B -- Baird, A -- Ling, N -- AM-18811/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HD 09690/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 5;221(4610):556-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6408735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Drug Interactions ; Glucocorticoids/*pharmacology ; Growth Hormone/blood/secretion ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/*pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 19
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    Increased brain size and cellular content in infant rats treated with an opiate antagonist (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: From birth to day 21, rat offspring received daily injections of naltrexone at a dosage that blocked morphine-induced analgesia 24 hours a day. At 21 days, body, brain, and cerebellar weights of naltrexone-injected animals were 18, 11, and 5 percent greater than corresponding control weights. In addition, morphometric analysis of the cerebrum revealed a somatosensory cortex that was 18 percent thicker than that of the controls. The cerebellum of naltrexone-treated rats was 41 percent larger in total area and contained at least 70 percent more glial cells and 30 percent more granule neurons. Neurons derived prenatally were unaffected by drug treatment. These results show that naltrexone can stimulate body and brain growth in rats and suggest a role for the endorphin and opiate receptor system in development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zagon, I S -- McLaughlin, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1179-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Brain/*drug effects/growth & development/ultrastructure ; Cerebellum/drug effects ; Morphine/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Naloxone/*analogs & derivatives ; Naltrexone/*pharmacology ; Neuroglia/drug effects ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Somatosensory Cortex/drug effects
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  • 20
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    Interrelated striated elements in vestibular hair cells of the rat (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Unusual fixation procedures revealed a series of interrelated striated organelles in type I and type II vestibular hair cells of the rat; these organelles seemed to be less well developed in cochlear hair cells. The findings suggest that contractile elements may play a role in sensory transduction in the inner ear, particularly in the vestibular system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ross, M D -- Bourne, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):622-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6682246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/physiology ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Organoids/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 21
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    Nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding sites in the brain: regulation in vivo (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-08
    Description: Tritiated acetylcholine was used to measure binding sites with characteristics of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in rat brain. Regulation of the binding sites in vivo was examined by administering two drugs that stimulate nicotinic receptors directly or indirectly. After 10 days of exposure to the cholinesterase inhibitor diisopropyl fluorophosphate, binding of tritiated acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex was decreased. However, after repeated administration of nicotine for 10 days, binding of tritiated acetylcholine in the cortex was increased. Saturation analysis of tritiated acetylcholine binding in the cortices of rats treated with diisopropyl fluorophosphate or nicotine indicated that the number of binding sites decreased and increased, respectively, while the affinity of the sites was unaltered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, R D -- Kellar, K J -- 507 RR05360-20/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- GM07443/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 8;220(4593):214-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Chemistry/drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex/analysis/physiology ; Isoflurophate/pharmacology ; Male ; Nicotine/metabolism/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*physiology ; Receptors, Nicotinic/analysis/*physiology
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  • 22
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    Retinal capillaries: basement membrane thickening by galactosemia prevented with aldose reductase inhibitor (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: A twofold thickening of capillary basement membranes of rat retinas resulting from dietary galactose was prevented by sorbinil, an inhibitor of aldose reductase. Since the basement membrane thickening was ultrastructurally similar to that typical of diabetic retinopathy, it may indicate changes in vessel permeability and susceptibility to hemorrhage. Galactosemic rats should be useful models for studying basement membrane-related complications of diabetes and for examining the potential biochemical regulation of basement membrane synthesis by aldose reductase inhibitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robison, W G Jr -- Kador, P F -- Kinoshita, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1177-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basement Membrane/*pathology ; Capillaries/pathology ; Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Galactosemias/drug therapy/*pathology ; Imidazoles/*therapeutic use ; *Imidazolidines ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Retinal Vessels/*pathology
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  • 23
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    Single-channel fluctuations in bimolecular lipid membranes induced by rat olfactory epithelial homogenates (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-13
    Description: Chemosensitive single-channel fluctuations were observed to be induced in essentially solvent-free lipid bimolecular membranes by the addition of sonicated homogenates of rat olfactory epithelium. The chemosensitive channels were not observed when respiratory epithelium homogenates were used instead. Ionic selectivity is consistent with potassium ions as the charge carrier. These channels may be associated with the initial events of chemoreception in the rat olfactory epithelium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vodyanoy, V -- Murphy, R B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 13;220(4598):717-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura ; Chemoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Epithelium/physiology ; Ion Channels/*drug effects ; Male ; Membranes/drug effects ; Olfactory Mucosa/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Smell/physiology
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  • 24
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    Dopamine modulation of the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid on substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-08
    Description: Studies were conducted to assess whether basal ganglia output neurons originating in the substantia nigra pars reticulata might be affected by dopamine released from dendrites of neighboring substantia nigra pars compacta neurons. Dopamine applied by iontophoresis increased the baseline firing rates of approximately half of the substantia nigra pars reticulata cells tested. The more significant finding, unrelated to the increase in firing, was the ability of dopamine to attenuate the inhibitory responses of these cells to iontophoretically applied gamma-aminobutyric acid. These findings suggest a role for dopamine as a neuromodulator and further suggest that it can act at sites beyond the striatum to modify transmission from the basal ganglia to motor nuclei.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waszcak, B L -- Walters, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 8;220(4593):218-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Dopamine/*pharmacology ; Iontophoresis ; Male ; Neurons/*drug effects ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Substantia Nigra/*drug effects ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*pharmacology
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  • 25
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    Effects of tyrosine administration on serum biopterin in normal controls and patients with Parkinson's disease (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-07
    Description: After administration of tyrosine, total concentration of biopterin, the cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase, was increased in the striatum, adrenal glands, and serum of rats, and in the serum of humans. Serum biopterin is lower in patients with Parkinson's disease than in normal controls. After oral administration of tyrosine, the increase in serum biopterin concentration was smaller in patients with Parkinson's disease (less than twofold) than in healthy controls (three-to sevenfold). These results suggest that tyrosine may have a regulatory role in biopterin biosynthesis and that patients with Parkinson's disease may have some abnormality in the regulation of biopterin biosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamaguchi, T -- Nagatsu, T -- Sugimoto, T -- Matsuura, S -- Kondo, T -- Iizuka, R -- Narabayashi, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 7;219(4580):75-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Adrenal Glands/metabolism ; Alanine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Biopterin/*blood ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/*blood ; Pteridines/*blood ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors ; Tyrosine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
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  • 26
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    Focal cortical seizures cause distant thalamic lesions (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: Topical application of convulsants to the rat sensorimotor cortex in concentrations sufficient to cause repetitive focal motor seizures resulted in acute neuropathology (dark cell neuronal degeneration and spongiform neurophil changes) involving both the cortical seizure focus and certain thalamic nuclei within seizure pathways. Changes in the cortex were localized primarily in layer IV and those in the thalamus in nuclei having reciprocal connections with the cortical focus. The spongiform neuropil changes consisted of massively dilated presynaptic axon terminals in the cortex and postsynaptic dendrites in the thalamus. The dendritic and dark cell changes resemble the excitotoxic damage caused by glutamate and aspartate. Since these putative transmitters may be released locally from recurrent collaterals and remotely from corticothalamic axons, excessive release of glutamate or aspartate may account for the changes in both sites. The abnormal axons in sensory cortex appear to be terminals of thalamocortical neurons. Swelling of these axons may be caused by excessive anti- and orthodromic firing in the course of focal motor seizures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, R C -- Olney, J W -- MH-38894/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-09156/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-14834/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):177-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiopathology/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neurons/physiology/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Seizures/*physiopathology ; Thalamus/*physiopathology
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  • 27
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    Iodine-125-labeled triiodothyronine in rat brain: evidence for localization in discrete neural systems (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-15
    Description: Autoradiograms prepared from adult rat brains demonstrate that nerve cells and neuropil in different brain regions selectively concentrate and retain intravenously administered triiodothyronine, by mechanisms susceptible to saturation with excess triiodothyronine. A neuroregulatory role for thyroid hormones, strongly supported by the observations, may account for their marked effects on behavior and the activity of the autonomic nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dratman, M B -- Futaesaku, Y -- Crutchfield, F L -- Berman, N -- Payne, B -- Sar, M -- Stumpf, W E -- HD03110/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- MH29549/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS09914/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 15;215(4530):309-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7053582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Brain/cytology/*metabolism ; Brain Mapping ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Triiodothyronine/*metabolism
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  • 28
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    Hypotensive effect of fasting: possible involvement of the sympathetic nervous system and endogenous opiates (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-20
    Description: Fasting lowers blood pressure to a greater extent in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in normotensive rats. While fasting reduced cardiac sympathetic activity to an equivalent extent in both groups of animals, only in the hypertensive rats did fasting elicit an opiate-mediated vasodepressor response that was independent of sympathetic withdrawal. Both sympathetic nervous system suppression and endogenous opiate activation, therefore, may contribute to the hypotensive effect of fasting in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Einhorn, D -- Young, J B -- Landberg, L -- AM 20378/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 24084/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RR 76/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 20;217(4561):727-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Endorphins/*physiology ; *Fasting ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Male ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Naltrexone/pharmacology ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sympathetic Nervous System/*physiology
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  • 29
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    Neonatal treatment with antiserum to prolactin lowers blood pressure in rats (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-09
    Description: Prolactin administration reportedly increases blood pressure in rats and rabbits. To study the effects of prolactin deficiency on blood pressure, rats were given saline, normal rabbit serum, or rabbit antiserum to rat prolactin on postnatal days 2 to 5. Both males and females given antiserum had significantly lower blood pressure at 14 weeks than rats given saline or normal rabbit serum. Blood pressure differences between females given antiserum and females given saline disappeared during and following pregnancy. The antiserum also lowered the concentration of prolactin in plasma 49 percent in males and decreased the prolactin response to ether stress in both sexes. These results suggest that endogenous prolactin is involved in blood pressure regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mills, D E -- Buckman, M T -- Peake, G T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 9;217(4555):162-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; *Blood Pressure ; Female ; Immune Sera/pharmacology ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal ; Prolactin/blood/immunology/*physiology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sex Characteristics ; Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
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  • 30
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    Corticotropin-releasing factor stimulates secretion of melanocyte-stimulating hormone from the rat pituitary (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-02
    Description: Administration of synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor led to rapid, parallel increases in adrenocorticotropin and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone concentrations in rat plasma. Prior treatment with dexamethasone almost completely blocked the adrenocorticotropin response but not the increase in melanocyte-stimulating hormone. These data demonstrate that corticotropin-releasing factor is a potent stimulator not only of adrenocorticotropin secretion from the corticotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland but also of peptide secretion from the intermediate lobe. Such data suggest that melanocyte-stimulating hormone and beta-endorphin play a role in the physiological response to stress.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Proulx-Ferland, L -- Labrie, F -- Dumont, D -- Cote, J -- Coy, D H -- Sveiraf, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 2;217(4554):62-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6283632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood ; Animals ; Castration ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*pharmacology ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Female ; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/blood/*secretion ; Pituitary Gland/drug effects/*secretion ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/secretion ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The carboxy terminus of the precursor to vasopressin and neurophysin: immunocytochemistry in rat brain (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-27
    Description: A pituitary glycopeptide whose amino acid sequence was previously identified has now been recognized as the final portion of the precursor to arginine vasopressin and its associated neurophysin. Immunocytochemical techniques with antiserums against this 39 amino acid peptide and vasopressin were used to study their distribution in the rat central nervous system. The peptide is located in vasopressin-synthesizing cells in the neurosecretory magnocellular nuclei. Positively stained fibers project from the magnocellular nuclei through the median eminence to the posterior pituitary. Studies of the homozygous Brattleboro rat, which is known to be deficient in the production of vasopressin and its related neurophysin, also show the absence of immunoreactivity to this peptide. These immunocytochemical data strongly indicate that the peptide is synthesized with vasopressin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, S J -- Seidah, N G -- Chretien, M -- DA00154/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA02265/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 27;217(4562):853-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6125034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/*metabolism ; Brain/*metabolism ; Dynorphins ; Endorphins/metabolism ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Male ; Neurophysins/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments ; Pituitary Gland, Posterior/metabolism ; Protein Precursors/analysis/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 32
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    Lesion-induced sprouting in the rat dentate gyrus is inhibited by repeated ethanol administration (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-19
    Description: The effect of ethanol on hippocampal axonal sprouting was studied with a histochemical technique for identifying acetylcholinesterase. Unilateral lesion of the entorhinal cortex in adult rats produced an increase in the density of acetylcholinesterase staining in the outer molecular layer and a concomitant increase in the width of the pale-staining commissural-associational zone of the dentate gyrus. Other rats were given ethanol (11.3 +/- 0.45 grams per kilogram) for 2 weeks before and 9 days after receiving the lesion. Ethanol abolished the expansion of the commissural-associated zone. The effect of ethanol on sprouting axons suggests that it may inhibit recovery of function after brain injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉West, J R -- Lind, M D -- Demuth, R M -- Parker, E S -- Alkana, R L -- Cassell, M -- Black, A C Jr -- AA-03884/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 19;218(4574):809-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7134977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/drug effects/*physiology ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 33
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    Normalization of spiroperidol binding in the denervated rat striatum by homologous grafts of substantia nigra (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-25
    Description: Transplantation of embryonic substantia nigra into the adult rat brain decreases the motor asymmetry that is produced by dopamine receptor supersensitivity after a unilateral lesion of the substantia nigra. The authors report that this effect of transplantation is specific to grafts of substantia nigra. They also report that, in conjunction with the decrease in motor asymmetry, these grafts cause postsynaptic dopaminergic binding sites to return to normal density as measured by tritiated spiroperidol autoradiography. Thus, in animals with brain lesions, grafts of substantia nigra produce a long-term alteration in the functional status of host brain cell receptors that is associated with a reduction in the behavioral deficit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freed, W J -- Ko, G N -- Niehoff, D L -- Kuhar, M J -- Hoffer, B J -- Olson, L -- Cannon-Spoor, H E -- Morihisa, J M -- Wyatt, R J -- MH-00289/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-25951/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-09199/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 25;222(4626):937-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6635666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; Autoradiography ; Denervation ; Dextroamphetamine/pharmacology ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Dopamine/*metabolism ; Spiperone/metabolism ; Substantia Nigra/*transplantation
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  • 34
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    Phorbol ester receptors: autoradiographic identification in the developing rat (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-12-02
    Description: Autoradiography with 3H-labeled phorbol dibutyrate was used for the light microscopic detection of phorbol ester receptors in rat fetuses. In 15- and 18-day fetuses, as well as in adult rats, receptors were found to be concentrated in the central nervous system. The localization of receptors in the ventral marginal zone of the fetal neural tube, the lens of the eye, and other sites suggests a role for phorbol ester receptors in cellular process extension and cell-cell interaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, K M -- Gould, R J -- Oster-Granite, M L -- Gearhart, J D -- Snyder, S H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 2;222(4627):1036-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6316499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Brain/embryology ; Brain Chemistry ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Carrier Proteins ; Cell Communication ; Cell Division ; Central Nervous System/analysis/*embryology ; Eye/embryology ; Fetus/*analysis ; Intestines/embryology ; Lens, Crystalline/embryology ; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate ; Phorbol Esters/*metabolism ; Phorbols/*metabolism ; *Protein Kinase C ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*analysis ; *Receptors, Drug
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  • 35
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    Central regulation of intestinal motility by somatostatin and cholecystokinin octapeptide (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-25
    Description: When injected continuously into the lateral ventricles of the rat, somatostatin increased the frequency of the migrating myoelectric complexes of the small intestine in a dose-related manner. A significant increase was obtained at a dose as low as 0.066 picomole per minute. In contrast, cholecystokinin octapeptide decreased the frequency of the migrating myoelectric complex of the small intestine or disrupted this pattern when injected into the lateral ventricle at rates of 0.073 to 0.23 picomole per minute. These findings support the hypothesis that somatostatin and cholecystokinin octapeptide act on central nervous system structures that are involved in the control of intestinal motility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bueno, L -- Ferre, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 25;216(4553):1427-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6124037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cholecystokinin/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; *Gastrointestinal Motility ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Somatostatin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
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  • 36
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    Alcohol-induced spasms of cerebral blood vessels: relation to cerebrovascular accidents and sudden death (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Ethyl alcohol produced graded contractile responses in rat cerebral arterioles and venules in vivo and in isolated canine basilar and middle cerebral arteries at a concentration range (10 to 500 milligrams per deciliter) which parallels that needed for its graded effects of euphoria, mental haziness, muscular incoordination, stupor, and coma in humans. Two specific calcium antagonists, nimodipine and verapamil, prevented or reversed the alcohol-induced cerebrovasospasm and thus may prove valuable in treating the hypertension and stroke observed in heavy users of alcohol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altura, B M -- Altura, B T -- Gebrewold, A -- DA02339/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- HL29600/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):331-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Arteries/drug effects ; Cerebrovascular Circulation/drug effects ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/*chemically induced ; Death, Sudden/*etiology ; Dogs ; Ethanol/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/*chemically induced ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Vasoconstriction/drug effects
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    Endogenous pyrogen activity in human plasma after exercise (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Plasma obtained from human subjects after exercise and injected intraperitoneally into rats elevated rat rectal temperature and depressed plasma iron and zinc concentrations. The pyrogenic component was heat-denaturable and had an apparent molecular weight of 14,000 daltons. Human mononuclear leukocytes obtained after exercise and incubated in vitro released a factor into the medium that also elevated body temperature in rats and reduced trace metal concentrations. These results suggest that endogenous pyrogen, a protein mediator of fever and trace metal metabolism during infection, is released during exercise.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cannon, J G -- Kluger, M J -- AI 13878/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):617-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Body Temperature/drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; *Interleukin-1 ; Iron/blood ; Leukocytes/physiology ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; *Physical Exertion ; Proteins/physiology ; Pyrogens/blood/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Zinc/blood
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  • 38
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    Local cerebral blood flow increases during auditory and emotional processing in the conscious rat (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-05
    Description: Local cerebral blood flow was measured in rats by the 14C-labeled iodoantipyrine technique with quantitative autoradiography during the processing of environmental stimuli. Presentation of a tone increased blood flow in the auditory but not the visual pathway. When the animal had previously been conditioned to fear the tone, blood flow additionally increased in the hypothalamus and amygdala. Local cerebral blood flow can thus be used to detect patterns of cerebral excitation associated with transient (30- to 40-second) mental events in experimental animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LeDoux, J E -- Thompson, M E -- Iadecola, C -- Tucker, L W -- Reis, D J -- HL 18974/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 5;221(4610):576-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Amygdala/blood supply ; Animals ; Autoradiography ; Brain/*blood supply/physiology ; Consciousness/physiology ; Emotions/*physiology ; Hearing/*physiology ; Hypothalamus/blood supply ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 39
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    L-tryptophan: a common denominator of biochemical and neurological events of acute hepatic porphyria? (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-02
    Description: Hepatic porphyrias are disorders of heme synthesis characterized by genetically determined lesions of one of the key enzymes of heme synthesis. In carriers of such lesions, several factors (drugs, environmental chemicals, or diet) precipitate acute and often fatal attacks of neurologic dysfunction, which are promptly relieved by intravenous infusion of heme. However, the mechanism of such heme-induced amelioration remains elusive. To probe this mechanism, the biochemical events triggered by acute hepatic heme deficiency were examined in an animal model of chemically induced porphyria. Acute hepatic heme depletion in porphyric rats was found to impair hepatic tryptophan pyrrolase activity which, in turn, elevated tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover in the brain. These alterations in porphyric rats were dramatically reversed by parenteral heme administration. These findings suggest that increased tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the nervous system may be responsible for the neurologic dysfunctions observed in humans with acute attacks of hepatic porphyria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Litman, D A -- Correia, M A -- AM-26506/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-26743/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 2;222(4627):1031-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6648517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Heme/*deficiency/pharmacology ; Liver/enzymology ; Liver Diseases/complications/*metabolism ; Male ; Nervous System Diseases/etiology ; Porphyrias/complications/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Tryptophan/*metabolism ; Tryptophan Oxygenase/metabolism
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  • 40
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    Fetal brain transplant: reduction of cognitive deficits in rats with frontal cortex lesions (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-29
    Description: Frontal cortex and cerebellar tissue from fetal rats was implanted into the damaged frontal cortex of adults. Cognitive deficits in spatial alternation learning that follow bilateral destruction of medial frontal cortex were reduced in rats with frontal cortex implants but not in those with implants of cerebellum. Histological evaluation showed that connections were made between the frontal cortex implants and host brain tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Labbe, R -- Firl, A Jr -- Mufson, E J -- Stein, D G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 29;221(4609):470-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6683427" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Cerebellum/*transplantation ; Cerebral Cortex/injuries/*transplantation ; Cognition Disorders/*physiopathology ; Fetus/*surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 41
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    Evidence for olfactory function in utero (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-29
    Description: Pregnant rats received 2-[14C]deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) intravenously on the last day of gestation, and their fetuses were delivered 1 hour later by cesarean section. Fetal brains showed high 2DG uptake spread throughout the accessory olfactory bulb and little or no differential uptake in the main olfactory bulb. These findings demonstrate that functional activity occurs in the accessory olfactory bulb in utero and suggest that the accessory olfactory system may be the pathway by which fetal rats detect the odor quality of their intrauterine milieu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pedersen, P E -- Stewart, W B -- Greer, C A -- Shepherd, G M -- F32-NS06978/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 16993/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 29;221(4609):478-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Brain/radionuclide imaging ; Deoxyglucose/metabolism ; Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; Olfactory Bulb/physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Smell/*physiology
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  • 42
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    Insulin receptor antiserum and plant lectins mimic the direct effects of insulin on nuclear envelope phosphorylation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-29
    Description: Insulin directly inhibits protein phosphorylation in isolated rat liver nuclear envelopes. In the present studies, an antiserum to insulin receptor as well as the plant lectins concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin mimicked insulin action in isolated nuclear envelopes. These studies suggest that insulin and agents that mimic it may directly regulate nuclear functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Purrello, F -- Burnham, D B -- Goldfine, I D -- AM 06659/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 26667/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 29;221(4609):462-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6346487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Concanavalin A/pharmacology ; Female ; Immune Sera ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Lectins/*pharmacology ; Nuclear Envelope/*drug effects/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptor, Insulin/*immunology
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  • 43
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    Physiological correlates of prolonged sleep deprivation in rats (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: The issue of whether sleep is physiologically necessary has been unresolved because experiments that reported deleterious effects of sleep deprivation did not control for the stimuli used to prevent sleep. In this experiment, however, experimental and control rats received the same relatively mild physical stimuli, but stimulus presentations were timed to reduce sleep severely in experimental rats but not in controls. Experimental rats suffered severe pathology and death; control rats did not.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rechtschaffen, A -- Gilliland, M A -- Bergmann, B M -- Winter, J B -- MH-18428/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-4151/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):182-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/pathology ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Electroencephalography ; Male ; Organ Size ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sleep Deprivation/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 44
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    Lack of correlation between hepatic mitochondrial membrane structure and functions in ethanol-fed rats (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-06-18
    Description: A current hypothesis suggests that alterations in the chemical composition and the subsequent changes in the structure of the membrane could account for the functional derangements observed in the hepatic mitochondria of animals fed ethanol for extended periods. An examination of this hypothesis reveals that the liver mitochondria of ethanol-fed rats show a dissociation between the respiratory functions and the lipid composition and microviscosity of the membranes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gordon, E R -- Rochman, J -- Arai, M -- Lieber, C S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 18;216(4552):1319-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Intracellular Membranes/drug effects/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Male ; Membrane Lipids/analysis ; Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Phospholipids/analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 45
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    Grafts correct brain damage (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 23;217(4557):342-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Medulla/transplantation ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Brain Damage, Chronic/*surgery ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Dopamine/secretion ; Hippocampus/transplantation ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/transplantation ; Male ; Mice ; Neurons/transplantation ; Parkinson Disease/therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Substantia Nigra/transplantation ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 46
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    Prolactin and growth hormone release by morphine in the rat: different receptor mechanisms (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-20
    Description: Concentrations of prolactin and growth hormone in the serum of rats were significantly increased by morphine. Dose response studies demonstrated that maximum prolactin release required lower doses of morphine than those needed for the maximum growth hormone response. Selective blockade of mu 1 (high affinity) opiate receptor with the irreversible antagonist naloxazone reduced morphine-induced peak concentrations of prolactin by 80 percent while increasing peak growth hormone levels by 250 percent. These results suggest different receptor mechanisms for the opiate modulation of the two hormones. The mu 1 (high affinity) receptor sites appear to mediate the morphine-induced release of prolactin but not growth hormone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spiegel, K -- Kourides, I A -- Pasternak, G W -- CA 23185/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DA 002615/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P32 GM07547/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 20;217(4561):745-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6285470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Growth Hormone/*secretion ; Male ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Naloxone/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Prolactin/*secretion ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Opioid/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 47
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    Biotin enhances guanylate cyclase activity (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-06-18
    Description: Biotin and its analog, (+)-biotin-p-nitrophenyl ester enhanced guanylate cyclase activity two- to threefold in rat liver, kidney, colon, cerebellum, and heart. Dose-response relationships revealed that at concentrations as low as 1 micromolar, both biotin and its analog caused maximal augmentation of guanylate cyclase activity. These data suggest a role for the activation of guanylate cyclase in the mechanism of action of this vitamin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vesely, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 18;216(4552):1329-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6123152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biotin/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Cerebellum/enzymology ; Colon/enzymology ; Guanylate Cyclase/*metabolism ; Kidney/enzymology ; Kinetics ; Liver/enzymology ; Myocardium/enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 48
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    Insulin elicits ingestion in decerebrate rats (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: Insulin administered to rats reliably elicits ingestion of food. To determine whether the neural mechanisms sufficient to control insulin-elicited ingestion are located in or caudal to the forebrain, decerebrate rats were treated with insulin and ingestive responses were measured. Insulin treatment produced hypoglycemia that was comparable, in magnitude and duration, in control and decerebrate rats. Decerebrate and control rats ingested significantly more sucrose solution while hypoglycemic than while normoglycemic. In contrast, insulin did not augment the water consumption of either group. These data indicate that neural systems caudal to the forebrain are sufficient to control ingestive consummatory behavior through the integration of metabolic signals generated by insulin treatment and taste afferent input from the oropharynx.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flynn, F W -- Grill, H J -- AM 21397/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- T32-MH15012/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):188-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6344221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Brain/*physiology ; Decerebrate State/physiopathology ; Eating/*drug effects ; Energy Metabolism ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Taste/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 49
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    Serum factor supporting long-term survival of rat central neurons in culture (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-24
    Description: Gel filtration of serum at pH 3.6 yielded a fraction that supported long-term (months) survival of dissociated rat central neurons in monolayer culture more reliably than the traditionally used unfractionated serum. The cultures remained neuron-rich, because this fraction did not support the proliferation of glia and fibroblasts that occurs in whole serum. With an apparent molecular weight of 55,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.6, the active factor (or factors) in this fraction is distinct from any well-defined growth factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaufman, L M -- Barrett, J N -- NS07044/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS12207/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 24;220(4604):1394-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; *Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatography, Gel ; Horses ; Isoelectric Focusing ; Molecular Weight ; Nerve Growth Factors/isolation & purification/*pharmacology ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Spinal Cord/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 50
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    Ionizing radiation decreases veratridine-stimulated uptake of sodium in rat brain synaptosomes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: Veratridine-stimulated uptake of sodium-22 in brain synaptosomes was significantly reduced by ionizing radiation over a dose range of 10 to 1000 rads. The response was dose-dependent and involved a decrease in the maximum effect of veratridine on uptake. The central nervous system may be more sensitive to ionizing radiation than generally thought, perhaps through a loss of the ability of the sodium channel to respond properly to stimulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wixon, H N -- Hunt, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1073-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/drug effects/*radiation effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Ion Channels/drug effects/radiation effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sodium/*metabolism ; Synaptosomes/drug effects/*radiation effects ; Veratridine/*pharmacology ; Veratrine/*analogs & derivatives
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 51
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    High fetal estrogen concentrations: correlation with increased adult sexual activity and decreased aggression in male mice (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-17
    Description: In the house mouse (Mus musculus), fetuses may develop in utero next to siblings of the same or opposite sex. The amniotic fluid of the female fetuses contains higher concentrations of estradiol than that of male fetuses. Male fetuses that developed in utero between female fetuses had higher concentrations of estradiol in their amniotic fluid than males that were located between other male fetuses during intrauterine development. They were also more sexually active as adults, less aggressive, and had smaller seminal vesicles than males that had developed between other male fetuses in utero. These findings raise the possibility that during fetal life circulating estrogens may interact with circulating androgens both in regulating the development of sex differences between males and females and in producing variation in phenotype among males and among females.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉vom Saal, F S -- Grant, W M -- McMullen, C W -- Laves, K S -- MH35079/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RR07053/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 17;220(4603):1306-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*drug effects ; Amniotic Fluid/analysis ; Animals ; Estradiol/analysis/*pharmacology/physiology ; Female ; Fetus/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sex Differentiation/drug effects ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*drug effects/physiology ; Testosterone/analysis/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 52
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    Spontaneous orofacial dyskinesia and dopaminergic function in rats after 6 months of neuroleptic treatment (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: A syndrome of spontaneous orofacial dyskinesia was identified in groups of rats treated for 6 months with a wide range of neuroleptic drugs. Phenothiazines, thioxanthenes, and substituted benzamides were particularly likely to induce the syndrome. It was observed in the presence of a functional blockade of dopamine receptors and endured for at least 2.5 months after drug withdrawal. There was no relation between the syndrome and changes in striatal dopamine receptors, as indexed by the binding of tritiated spiperone and tritiated cis(Z)-flupenthixol. The syndrome parallels several of the features of clinical tardive dyskinesia, whose pathophysiology thus may not involve changes in the characteristics of striatal dopamine receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waddington, J L -- Cross, A J -- Gamble, S J -- Bourne, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):530-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6132447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/*adverse effects ; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/*etiology ; Fluphenazine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/analogs & derivatives ; Haloperidol/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Dopamine/*drug effects/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 53
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    Differential effects of classical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on A9 and A10 dopamine neurons (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: Prolonged treatment with classical antipsychotic drugs decreased the number of spontaneously active dopamine neurons in both the substantia nigra (A9) and the ventral tegmental area (A10) of the rat brain. In contrast, treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs selectively decreased the number of A10 dopamine neurons. Related drugs lacking antipsychotic efficacy failed to decrease dopamine activity. These findings suggest that the inability of atypical antipsychotic drugs to decrease A9 dopamine neuronal activity may be related to their lower potential for causing tardive dyskinesia and that the inactivation of A10 neurons may be involved in the delayed onset of therapeutic effects during treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, F J -- Wang, R Y -- MH 00378/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-34424/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1054-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6136093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Male ; Metoclopramide/pharmacology ; Mice ; Neurons/metabolism ; Pons/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Substantia Nigra/*metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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