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  • Articles  (29)
  • Triticum aestivum  (12)
  • Acetylene reduction  (11)
  • Potassium
  • 1980-1984  (29)
  • 1981  (29)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (29)
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  • Articles  (29)
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Keywords
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  • 1980-1984  (29)
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of phosphorus and potassium deficiency on keto acid and amino acid content of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) leaves (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 59 (1981), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Amino acid ; Deficiency ; Keto acid ; Peanut ; Phosphorus ; Potassium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Lack of both phosphorus and potassuium results in accumulation of all the keto acids and amino acids in 30 days and 20 days old peanut leaves respectively. This is due to te sluggish metabolism of the tissue under P and K deficienty. Decrease of all the keto acids in 20 days old plants suggests that their synthesis might be affecte under P and K deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183603
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nodulation and N2-fixation byInga jinicuil, a woody legume in coffee plantations (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 59 (1981), S. 201-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Coffee plantation ; Inga jinicuil ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodule biomass ; Woody legume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nodule biomass and yearly C2H2 reduction rates are reported forInga jinicuil, a leguminous tree used for shade in Mexican coffee plantations. Annual fixation by this species approximates 35 kg ha−1; which, when compared to nitrogen additions from fertilizers, represents an important nitrogen input to the coffee ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184193
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of soils lightly enriched in15N to screen for N2-fixing activity (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 487-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; AN ; δ15N ; N2-fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This short communication proposes the use of soils whose organic N has been lightly enriched in15N to screen plants for N2-fixing activity. The major advantage of this approach is that it provides a reliable, integrated estimate of N2-fixation up to any point in the life cycle of the plant, while using very few plants. The feasibility of the method, from the points of view of cost and availability of suitable soils, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02149646
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Balance sheet of soil phosphorus and potassium as influenced by intensive cropping and fertilizer use (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Fertilizer ; Intensive cropping ; Lime ; Multiple cropping ; Manure ; Nutrient removal ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Weedicide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The balance sheet of phosphorus and potassium were worked out from a long term manure and fertilizer experiment conducted for eight years and is still continuing at Ranchi Agricultural College, Kanke, Ranchi, India. Increasing levels of fertilizer combination with organic manure and lime give the highest yield as well as removed the highest amount of phosphorus and potassium from the soil and gave the positive gain of soil phosphorus and potassium in intensive cropping. The highest gains of 59.0 and 278.0 kg/ha of phosphorus and potassium respectively were recorded in 150% NPK application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alfalffa,Medicago sativa L., in highly weathered, acid soils (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 205-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Acid soil ; K application ; Liming ; N2-fixation ; Nodulation ; P application ; Rhizobium meliloti ; Root dry weight ; Shoot dry weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Alfalfa plants,Medicago sativa L., were selected from the Florida 66 cultivar for vigor in an acid (pH 4.4, Al≥.4 meq/100 g) and a limed, fertilized (pH 6.5, Al=0 meq/100 g, P and K added) Cecil topsoil. The selected plants were intermated by selection condition to achieve two germplasms, acid selected (A-1) and limed, fertile selected (L-1). ARhizobium meliloti strain (79-4s) was isolated from a high acetylene reducing nodule from a plant in a similar acid soil. The germplasms and the Rhizobium strain were then tested in greenhouse pots for agronomic performance under a variety of soil pH and fertility conditions. The 79-4s inoculum, as well as commercially prepared inoculum, gave better plant yield and acetylene reduction (N2-fixation) at all harvests when compared to a sterile peat control, but the commercial inoculum was the best inoculum treatment. The A-1 germplasm produced higher shoot dry weight at the final harvest than did the L-1 germplasm at all soil pH’s when P and K were applied at the highest rates. The A-1 germplasm also had better root weight (mainly fibrous roots) and acetylene reduction in these soil conditions. The two germplasms appear to be genetically distinct and respond differently depending on soil pH and fertility conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374105
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil beidellite and its relation to problems of potassium fertility and poor response to potassium fertilizers (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 62 (1981), S. 299-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Beidellite ; Fixation ; Potassium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary X-ray diffraction studies were made on soils with and without potassium fertility problems. All soils with clay fractions containing dominant beidellite or vermiculite showed potassium deficiency and lack of response to potassium fertilizer applications. All of the soils containing dominant montmorillonite or other clay minerals contained adequate potassium; on none of these, poor potassium response was reported. Special management practices are needed on the beidellitic and vermiculitic soils to increase potassium and ammonium fertilizer efficiency. Dominance of beidellite in the clay fraction should be reflected in soil classification. Establishment of a ‘beidellite’ family differentiating criterion in the Soil Taxonomy is proposed for this purpose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374093
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilisation du15N2 pour estimer la fixation d'azote et sa repartition chez les legumineuses (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 63 (1981), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Fixed-N distribution in plants ; 15N2 reduction ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Trifolium arvense ; Trifolium badium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A method for use of15N2 in the study of dinitrogen fixation by complex legumes-Rhizobium associations grown on soil is proposed. The procedure consists in labelling the soil atmosphere with15N2 during short periods of time, measuring15N enrichment in the plants and calculating the total nitrogen fixed during this period. The first results obtained with bean and clover plants demonstrate that after only 7 h of incubation, significative amounts of15N are measured in the plants to allow precise determination of C2H4/N2 ratio which ranged between 2.6 and 3.1 in this experiment. Over longer periods of time, such amounts are meaningfull to follow the pattern of N dynamic from the nodules to the reproductive organs of bean plants.
    Notes: Resumé Les auteurs proposent une méthode d'utilisation du15N2 pour l'étude de la fixation d'azote dans les associations complexes légumineuses-Rhizobium cultivées sur sol. La procédure consiste, à marquer l'atmosphère du sol à l'aide de15N2 et à calculer la quantité d'azote total fixé pendant cette période. Les premiers résultats obtenus sur des haricots et des trèfles démontrent qu'après seulement 7 h d'incubation, des quantités significatives de15N sont mesurées dans les plantes permettant ainsi de déterminer précisément la valeur du rapport C2H4/N2 qui a été établi entre 2,6 et 3,1 dans les conditions de l'expérience. Sur de longues périodes, ces mêmes quantités se sont avérées suffisantes pour suivre la dynamique de l'azote des nodules vers les organes reproducteurs de plants de haricots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374592
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distributional gradients and variability of macroelement concentrations in the crowns of plantation grownPinus resinosa (AIT.) (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 63 (1981), S. 345-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Foliage age ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Red pine ; Tissue sampling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The vertical distribution of inorganic nutrient concentrations in red pine were dependent on the foliage age. Older foliage did not show an average vertical gradient while younger foliage did show a significant gradient. Horizontal gradients across foliage age classes in a branch whorl were consistent for all branch whorls, but the relative difference between the concentration of the current foliage and foliage three years-old or older was dependent on crown position. Coefficients of variation (CV) did not show a variability gradient in the crown for nitrogen and phosphorus. Variability of potassium tended to decrease as foliage age increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370035
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of temperature and nitrate on vegetative growth and nitrogen accumulation by nodulated soybeans (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 63 (1981), S. 333-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Glycine max (L.) Merrill ; Leaf number ; N2 fixation ; Relative growth rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inoculated soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] were grown in controlled environments to evaluate the relationship between temperature and applied NO3−N on growth rates, N accumulation, and acetylene reduction activity during the vegetative growth stage. Soybeans were grown at day/night temperatures of 22/18 and 26/22°C in sand culture with daily applications of 21.4 mM (high) and 2.1 mM (low) NO3−N in a complete nutrient solution for durations of 14, 21, and 42 days after emergence and with an N-free solution. Dry matter and N accumulation were greater at 26/22 than 22/18°C. In general, both increased as the level and duration of applied NO3−N was increased. These increases were attributable to an abbreviation in the interval between emergence and onset of rapid growth. The presence and assimilation of NO3−N, even at the high level, did not inhibit development of functional nodules. Neither mass nor acetylene reduction activity of nodules was reduced by high NO3−N; however, the root mass was increased by NO3−N more than the nodule mass. There was an interaction between temperature and NO3−N on specific nodule activity as measured by acetylene reduction. The specific nodule activity was unaffected by NO3−N at 22/18°C, but at 26/22°C the specific activity was lower in the absence of NO3−N than when NO3−N was present. Apparently, rapid early growth at 26/22°C depleted cotyledonary reserves of N before nodules became active and, thereafter, the plants were unable to develop adequate leaf area to support nodule development and functioning. This result has implications in N fertilization of late-planted soybeans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370034
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a soil fulvic acid on the growth and nutrient content of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 63 (1981), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium ; Copper ; Flowers ; Iron ; Leaves ; Magnesium ; Nitrogen ; Nutrient uptake ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Koots ; Shoots ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants were grown in Hoagland solution to which 20 to 2000 ppm of a soil fulvic acid (FA) were added. The addition of 100 to 300 ppm of FA produced highly significant increases in the growth and development of above and below ground plant parts, in the uptake of nutrient elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe and Zn), and in the formation of numbers of flowers per plant. Effects of adding 500 and more ppm of FA were less beneficial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370049
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of wheat tillers at different growing stages to gametocide treatment (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 501-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; gametocide ; sterility ; fertility ; developmental stages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of the gametocides Ethrel, RH-532, and RH-2956 on wheat tillers at various stages of development were studied. The gametocides were applied to Anza and Yecora 70, two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, at three rates of foliar application when the main tillers were at meiosis. Ethrel was less effective in causing sterility than RH-532 and RH-2956. Anza showed greater induced sterility than Yecora 70 when treated with these gametocides. Ethrel affected only late tillers treated at or before meiosis. RH-532 and RH-2956 at the high application rate were equally effective for Anza. RH-2956 at the high application rate induced uniform and maximum sterility in early and late tillers of both Anza and Yecora 70.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034015
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some comments on two recent papers in euphytica concerning stem rust resistance in wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 589-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Puccinia graminis tritici ; stem rust ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038784
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    The chromosomal location of the embryo plus scutellum alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in the hexaploid wheat kernel (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 729-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Triticum turgidum ; durum ; wheat ; alcohol dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Analysis of individual parts of Triticum aestivum L. and T. turgidum var. durum kernels showed two classes of alcohol dehydrogenase patterns: 1) A three banded pattern (ADH-1, ADH-2 and ADH-3) for endosperm (Ed) and 2) a seven banded pattern (ADH-F1, ADH-F2, ADH-1, ADH-2, ADH-3, ADH-S1 and ADH-S2) for embryo (E), scutellum (S) and embryo plus scutellum (E+S). The use of nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic series of Chinese Spring wheat allows alcohol dehydrogenase to be associated with arms 4Aα, 4BL and 4DS. A five subunit forming dimer hypothesis is postulated to explain the newly reported seven isozyme pattern. Subunits α, β and δ are coded by chromosome arms 4Aα, 4BL and 4DS respectively, and the newly postulated ɛ and γ are coded also by chromosome arm 4BL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038801
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gibberellic acid effects on germination and α-amylase activity of winter wheats (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 875-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; pre-harvest sprouting ; germination ; α-amylase enzyme ; gibberellic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sensitivity to GA in non-Gai genome winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars was investigated to determine magnitude of variation of the trait, its association with other traits, and effects of geographical location of production. α-Amylase enzyme activity was measured before and after treatment with gibberellic acid in 18 cultivars grown at one location and in five cultivars grown at six locations. Dye-labeled starch and agar-starch media procedures were used for the first and second experiments, respectively. α-Amylase activity differed significantly among the 18 cultivars after germination in water, germination in GA, and in absolute and relative sensitivity to GA. Cultivars that reacted similarly to GA had some common ancestors in their pedigrees, and α-amylase activity and sensitivity to GA were significantly negatively associated with seed weight. α-Amylase activity differed between tall and semi-dwarf cultivars in the second experiment, but not in the first experiment. The magnitude of variation in α-amylase activity and its relationship to preharvest sprouting susceptibility of the cultivars suggested that the trait can be modified to improve seed dormancy. Significant interactions between cultivar responses to GA and geographical location of grain production suggested that selection should be carried out in several environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038818
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is the pedigree of the near-isogenic line Michigan Amber/8*Chancellor of bread wheat correct? (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 41-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; linkage ; near-isogenic line
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary It is shown that the near-isogenic line Michigan Amber/8*Chancellor cannot derive from Michigan Amber. Marquillo is suggested as the donor cultivar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033657
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetical studies on the difference of anther length among common wheat cultivars (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 45-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; anther length ; heritability of anther length ; pistil length ; anther length-flowering date relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Anther and pistil lengths of 61 cultivars and experimental strains of common wheat were measured just before flowering. Anther length varied from 3.0 to 5.1 mm, and pistil length varied from 3.8 to 5.2 mm. A specific correlation was observed between anther length and flowering date among the parental strains, as well as in the F1 generations of 13 cross combinations; Anther length on flowering date fitted well to a curvelinear regression of the second order in parental and F1 generations. The reduction of anther length in both early and late flowering cultivars was attributed to the worse environmental conditions for their floral development, compared to the intermediate types. Such relationship between anther length and flowering date was not found in the F2 generation. This indicates that most of the genes controlling the two characters are different. Heritability of anther length estimated from the regression coefficient of the F1s on the midparents was greater than 0.65.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033658
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A least-squares method for choosing the best relative proportions when intercrossing cultivars (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; spring wheat ; parent selection ; cross prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary It is supposed that k variables have been measured on each of m potential parents, and that the aim is to produce a base population for which the mean values are as close as possible to an ideal genotype. A least-squares estimation procedure for the parent proportions is presented and the determination of the closest practical solution is considered. It is shown that an enumeration procedure for finding the best practical solution, which is applicable in most situations, is simpler and more flexible than the least-squares method. A proposed symbolic presentation of the results of an analysis highlights the strengths and deficiencies of a set of parents and indicates which parents may complement one another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033672
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Evidence for a ‘uniculm effect’ in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a mediterranean environment (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; spring wheat ; uniculm effect ; ideotype
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The concept of the uniculm habit as an important feature of a wheat ideotype for a mediterranean environment was evaluated under field conditions. A uniculm plant produces a single shoot and when sown in a stand exemplifies a non-tillering crop with a fixed density of shoots throughout the growing season. Yield and harvest index of normal tillering spring wheat was compared with that of the same crop surgically detillered throughout the growing season to a constant density of 2 shoots per plant. The use of a biculm, whilst retaining the uniculm principle of a fixed density of shoots throughout the growing season, permitted comparison on a single crop sowing at normal field density. The control plots followed the usual pattern of tillering for the region attaining a maximum of about 4.0 shoots per plant by early spring. Shoot number declined to 2.3 and 2.6 per plant by maturity in 1978 and 1979, respectively. Detillered plots outyielded the controls by 14 per cent in 1978 (2.05 v. 1.80 tonnes ha-1) and 22 per cent in 1979 (1.84 v. 1.51 tonnes ha-1). Harvest indices were 0.39 v. 0.35 in 1978 and 0.30 v. 0.24 in 1979 for detillered and control plots, respectively. Higher leaf area indices and better water relations after anthesis in biculm stands indicated more efficient water use when shoot population was controlled at near optimum level. Irrigation at anthesis reduced the difference in yield between detillered and control plots. Although the uniculm principle was demonstrated with biculms in practice control of shoot number will require the use of genetic uniculms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033988
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    A classification of the NORIN 10 and Tom Thumb dwarfing genes in British, Mexican, Indian and other hexaploid bread wheat varieties (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 355-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; gibberellin insensitivity ; cultivar classification according to Rht genotype
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The two semi-dwarfing genes Rht1 and Rht2 from Norin 10 have now been incorporated in successful varieties in use in most major wheat growing areas. The more potent dwarfing gene, Rht3, from Tom Thumb has been used in a limited way. These genes may be identified and classified by assessing the associated character of GA-insensitivity in the progeny from test crosses. This paper describes these classifications in the CIMMYT, Mexican, PBI, Cambridge and Indian breeding programmes and for a number of other international varieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033997
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Endosperm peroxidase electrophoresis patterns to distinguish tetraploid from hexaploid wheats (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 389-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum turgidum ; durum wheat ; endosperm peroxidases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A simple method is proposed to distinguish hexaploid (Triticum aestivum L.) from tetraploid (Triticum turgidum L., durum wheat) cultivated wheats on the basis of peroxidase isozymes coded by genome D. It can also be used as a first step to detect possible contamination by tetraploid genotype mixtures. The peroxidase patterns of endosperm and of embryo plus scutellum found among 349 entries of a durum wheat world basis collection are shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034001
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  • 21
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    The relation between wheat lines derived from the F2, F3, F4 and F5 generations for grain yield and harvest index (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 419-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat breeding ; selection ; grain yield ; harvest index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The relationships between the F2, F3, F4 and F5 generations for grain yield were determined using random, pedigreed lines derived from each generation. The lines from two crosses were grown in plots at two sites over two years. In the first year, only F2 and F3 derived lines were available, but in the second year the F2 to F5 were grown. Correlations between lines in one generation and the mean of lines derived from them in a following generation increased as the generations were advanced. Correlations between consecutive generations were higher than those between generations two or three apart. Correlations between F2 and F5 derived lines, which indicate the effectiveness of selecting F2 lines, varied from 0.10 ns to o.49** when lines from both generations were grown in the same environment. Correlations between years of lines from the same or different generations were low and often non-significant. Harvest index was measured on the F2 and F3 derived lines at the one site in the first year. Selection for improvement of grain yield using harvest index was no more effective than selection for yield directly, when considered across years. It is conclued that, while gains in yield can be achieved by selecting for yield in early generations, a foremost consideration needs to be the influence of different sites and years on the effectiveness of selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034006
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    Nodulation and N2 fixation byInga jinicuil, a woody legume in coffee plantations (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 59 (1981), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Coffee plantation ; Inga jinicuil ; Nodulation ; Nutrients ; Woody legume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of soil nutrients on nodulation byInga jinicuil, a leguminous tree used for shade in Mexican coffee plantations, is discussed. Nodulation and C2H2 reduction ofI. jinicuil seedlings, grown in soil, taken at different distances from coffee trunks, is described. Nodule biomass and activity are compared to the nutrient content of soils within various distances of coffee trunks. Seven coffee plantations, that employI. jinicuil for shade, were examined with respect to nodule biomass, C2H2 reducing activity, and soil characteristics. Highest nodule biomass was observed in soils with high levels of available phosphorus. High nitrogen content of the soil, on the other hand, appeared to be correlated with low nodule biomass. Potassium and magnesium, while apparently having little effect on nodule biomass, seem to be positively correlated with C2H2 reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184194
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    Alfalfa,Medicago sativa L., in highly weathered, acid soils (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 59 (1981), S. 455-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Acid soil ; Al uptake ; Liming ; N uptake ; Nodulation ; P application ; Plant persistence ; Root dry weight ; Seed germination ; Shoot dry weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of lime and P application on yield (top and root weigh), nodulation, intervally collected acetylene reduction (N2-fixation), and N and Al uptake of young alfalfa (46 days growth) were investigated in greenhouse pots containing acid Bladen or Bradson topsoils. The effect on seed germination and seedling persistence under these greenhouse conditions was also recorded. Alfalfa yield and acetylene reduction increased with lime and P additions in both soils, but, predominately, with P. There was no advantage of increasing these two parameters with liming past pH 6.0 provided P was adequate. Positive relationships (R2) existed between yield and acetylene reduction, and with both factors and root weight, nodule weight, and N uptake. Increased uptake of Al by alfalfa seedlings depressed yield, but data indicate P may block Al uptake at high soil pH. There were no treatment effects on seed germination, but P application increased plant persistence in the Bladen soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184549
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    The uptake of sodium by perennial ryegrass and its relationship to potassium supply in flowing solution culture (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 73-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Distribution (shoots roots) ; Flowing solution culture ; H-ions ; Lolium perenne ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The uptake of Na and K by perennial ryegrass from flowing solution culture with monitored concentrations of Na and K was followed in two experiments. In the first, when only 50 and 10 per cent of the K uptake by one set of plants, grown with K held constant at 2.5 μeq 1−1, was supplied to two other linked sets of plants and the balance supplied as Na, there was a rapid decrease in K, and an increase in Na, concentration in the shoots over a 20-day period. However, when compared with the plants grown in K in solution held constant, there was not a complete replacement of Na for K. In the second experiment the concentration of K in the culture solution was held constant at 2 μeq 1−1 and Na at 0, 5, 25, 50 and 100 μeq 1−1. Although uptake of Na increased with increasing concentration in solution the contents in the plants were low,i.e. less than 0.19 per cent and decreased with time. There was an increase in the yield of both shoots and roots with increasing Na in the solution; it was suggested that, during the early stages of growth there may have been an inadequate supply of K and that Na may have substituted for K in some of the non-specific roles of K in the plants. There was evidence in both experiments that a flux of H-ions was involved in the uptake of Na.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02377113
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    Growth and nitrogen fixation ofAeschynomene under water stressed conditions (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 309-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Aeschynomene americana ; Flooding ; Leaf water potential ; Nitrogen fixation ; Soil moisture deficits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Studies on the tolerance ofAeschynomene americana L. to periods of flooding or soil moisture deficit were conducted in an attempt to elucidate nitrogen fixation as affected by soil moisture. Nitrogenase activity was not reduced significantly in pot-grown Aeschynomene plants subjected to flooding in greenhouse conditions. After 20 days of withholding water from the soil, nitrogenase activities of the drought-stressed plants were much lower than those of either the well-watered or flooded plants. Leaf water potentials were similar in flooded and control plants; however, the droughted plants had leaf water potentials that were 4 bars lower than those of the control plants. Aeschynomene plants were tolerant to long-term periods of flooding, but exhibited a reduction in nitrogenase activity and leaf water status when subjected to soil moisture deficits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374115
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    15N2 incorporation and acetylene reduction by Azospirillum isolated from rice roots and soils (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 61 (1981), S. 429-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Azospirillum ; 15N2 incorporation ; Rice cultivar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrogen fixation by strains of Azospirillum isolated from several rice soils and rice cultivars was investigated by15N2 incorporation and C2H2 reduction. C2H2 reducing ability markedly varied among the strains obtained from soils differing widely in their physico-chemical properties. Large variations in15N2 incorporation by Azospirillum isolated from the roots of several rice cultivars were also noticed. The present study reveals that rice cultivars harbour Azospirillum with differential N2-fixing ability and that plant genotype is of importance for optimal associations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182023
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    Characteristics of nitrogen-fixingKlebsiella oxytoca isolated from wheat roots (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 61 (1981), S. 53-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Inoculation ; Klebsiella oxytoca ; Nitrogen fixation ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Of 45 fermentative gram negative bacterial isolates examined from wheat roots, three were capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen as determined by the acetylene reduction technique and by protein contents of cells. A gram negative non-motile facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain capable of N2 fixation was identified asKlebsiella oxytoca ZMK-2. Optimal growth and N2 fixation occurred at pH 6.5. The optimum temperatures for growth under anaerobic conditions ranged between 30°–37°C. Acetylene reduction by intact cells was strikingly inhibited by 0.1 atm. or greater partial pressure of O2. Furthermore, the accumulation of H2 in the gas phase over cultures ofKlebsiella oxytoca ZMK-2 at partial pressures greater than 0.02 atm. resulted in a striking inhibition in the rate of C2H2 reduction. The addition of suspensions of eitherKlebsiella oxytoca ZMK-2 orAzotobacter vinelandii or a mixed culture of these two organisms to axenic cultures of wheat plants produced no significant increase in plant growth as measured by plant dry weight or nitrogen content of plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277362
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    Pigment distribution and nitrogen fixation inAnabaena azollae (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 61 (1981), S. 203-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Azolla spp. ; Chemography ; Heterocyst frequency ; Leaf age ; N2-fixation gradients ; Pigment composition ; Symbiont age ; Symbiont chlorophyll phycocyanin ; Symbiont cyanobacteriumAnabaena azollae ; Tetrazolium salts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The symbiotic heterocystous cyanobacteriumAnabaena azollae present in the leaf cavities of the water fernAzolla spp. was studied. The cyanobacteria extracted from the leaf cavities showed differences in pigment composition in three species ofAzolla, i.e A.pinnata var.pinnata, A.caroliniana and A.filiculoides, as observed by pigment absorption and epifluorescence tests. These differences suggest that of these species the cyanobiont ofA. pinnata is the most actively nitrogenfixing form. This has been confirmed by nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) tests. Heterocysts of the symbiont ofA. pinnata were characterized by high chlorophylla and low phycocyanin content, a low fluorescence yield of chlorophyll in the heterocysts compared to vegetative cells and a gradient of phycocyanin concentration in the vegetative cells adjacent to heterocysts. This indicates that only photosystem I is present in the heterocyst. In the two otherAzolla species quantitative shifts in the pigment composition occurred suggesting a lower nitrogen fixation activity. In the cyanobiontAnabaena azollae the heterocyst frequency could reach a value of 44–45%. It is argued that there are two generations of heterocysts in a matureAzolla plant, which are concomitant with two peaks of nitrogen fixation activity correlated with leaf age,i.e. leaf number along the main axis of the plant. At both peaks of maximal N2-ase activity, only 20–25% of the heterocysts present are metabolically active as demonstrated by the reduction of Neotetrazolium chloride (NTC) in the heterocysts and darkening of nuclear emulsions by silver salt reduction. Vegetative cells of the cyanobiont reduce Neotetrazolium chloride (NTC) to formazan more rapidly than has been observed in the free-living heterocystous cyanobacteriumAnabaena cylindrica tested in parallel experiments. This feature may be due to a more permeable cell wall of the vegetative cells of the cyanobiont compared to the free-living form, since the vegetative cells of the symbiont play a role in cross-feeding of the host (Azolla). Evidence is obtained that only the heterocysts of the cyanobiont ofAzolla are involved in the nitrogen fixation process as in free-living heterocystous cyanobacterium species. This situation is different from other cyanobacterial symbioses such as inGunnera, Blasia andAnthoceros, where physiological modifications are reported in the symbiosis with another photosynthetic partner such as the absence of O2 evolution and the absence of photo-fixation of CO2 in the cyanobionts. Pigment composition and N2-ase activity in the symbiotic cyanobacteria of three Azolla species have indicated the superiority of theA. pinnata symbiont.A. pinnata var.pinnata is a semidomesticated form used in S.E. Asia for agricultural purposes (irrigated rice culture) to increase soil fertility. It is suggested that by selection (domestication) more efficient strains (clones) can be obtained, and further that with more advanced techniques such as gene mutation and genetic manipulation even more efficient and for agriculture more beneficial clones can be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277375
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    The site of action of crossability genes (Kr 1, Kr 2) between Triticum and Secale. II. Proportion of pistils containing pollen tubes and effects of alternate pollination on seed set (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 105-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; crossability ; pistils ; pollen tubes ; seed set
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Different wheat genotypes (T. aestivum) were crossed with rye to ascertain the site or sites of manifestation of the crossability genes, Kr 1 and Kr 2. By using fluorescence microscopy, it was found that the order of increasing proportion of wheat micropyles containing pollen tubes is strongly correlated with the levels of crossability with rye. High crossable genotypes have more micropyles containing pollen tubes than those of the low crossable ones. Most of the inhibition or retardation of pollen tubes occurred between the style base and top of the embryo sac, expecially with the low crossable genotypes where both Kr-genes are present. The results also indicate that Kr 1 is a greater inhibitor than Kr 2. Seed set is also highly correlated with the number or proportion of micropyles having pollen tubes. Alternate pollinations seem to support the view that rye pollen tubes do not reach the micropyles of the low crossable genotypes, and hence when repollinated with wheat selfed seeds are produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033665
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