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  • Springer  (92,711)
  • American Physical Society  (10,604)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (7,089)
  • American Geophysical Union  (5,042)
  • Cambridge University Press  (3,703)
  • 1980-1984  (119,149)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1984  (62,886)
  • 1981  (56,263)
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  • 1980-1984  (119,149)
  • 1975-1979
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  • 1
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    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Naturwissenschaften, Springer, 71(12), pp. 599-608, ISSN: 0028-1042
    Publication Date: 2014-06-04
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , notRev
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  • 2
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
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    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
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  • 3
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 547-563 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: In 1961, soon after the beginning of the first United Nations Development Decade, a conference of African Ministers of Education was convened by Unesco. The meeting resolved, inter alia, that by the year 1980 primary schooling throughout the continent should be ‘universal, compulsory and free’.1 As we have now reached that date, it is appropriate to review progress. A few countries have achieved the goal, but many others have fallen short. This article will examine the experience of the last two decades, and assess its implications for ultimate objectives and the strategies for achieving them. Despite national policy variations and divergent social and economic conditions, instructive overall patterns may be discerned.
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  • 4
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 565-594 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: In the last few years there has been a growing interest in that very considerable and hitherto mostly unrecorded part of the economic life of the Third World which flourishes outside the state and foreign-owned medium and large-scale concerns. This great mass of non-enumerated enterprises and activities is a major source of employment and production. For the purpose of this article, it will be argued that many of those undertaking research in this sector can be regarded as belonging to one or other of two fairly distinct schools of thought formed by (1) a number of officials from the International Labour Organisation, the World Bank, and other international and government agencies, as well as some purely academic writers,1 and (2) the majority of social scientists attached to the British Sociological Association Development Group, some of whom operate to a greater or lesser extent within a Marxian or neo-Marxian perspective.2 For purposes of abbreviation only, these will be referred to as the ‘I.L.O.’ and the ‘Radical’ groups.
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  • 5
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 595-624 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: In his classic study of decentralisation and development, Henry Maddick argued that economic growth and social modernisation depend in part on the ability of Third-World govenments to diffuse responsibility for development planning and administration, to expand participation in economic activities, and to promote new centres of creativity within society. Over-concentration of administrative authority stifles development, Maddick insisted; it leads to waste and corruption, delays action, and creates irrational and inefficient management practices, the costs of which developing countries cannot afford.1 To illustrate his point, Maddick cited the effects of the centralised supply system in the Sudan in the late 1950s, through which ‘shoes made in Fasher were sent 400 miles by rail to Khartoum where the whole shoe supply was concentrated. When Fasher wanted shoes for school children and government personnel it had to send to Khartoum for them.’ He also noted that school desks and equipment for the provincial city of Juba had to be ordered from Khartoum, which was 900 miles away and connected only by inefficient river transport, even though the wood from which the furniture was made originally came from Juba.2
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  • 6
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 625-646 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Theories of modernisation and social change have been increasingly challenged during the past decade by events in the Middle East and other areas of the developing world. Leaders of oil-rich nations are choosing to industrialise but not to westernise, and Islamic revivals are shaping new patterns of political and social development. For example, improvements in female status can no longer be regarded as the inevitable concomitants of industrialisation; to the contrary, gender inequality may actually be exacerbated by national resurgences of religious and cultural traditions which often accompany planned social change.1
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  • 7
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 647-665 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Foreign investment in South Africa during the past 20 years has been subject to criticism form several diverse schools of thought, ranging from those who believe it has contributed to country's economic growth without improving the condition of the black workers, to those who maintain that – at best – apartheid has been modernised rather than fundamentally changed.Today the focus of attention has shifted to collective bargaining and trade union rights, to the action that can be taken on their own behalf by the ecomomically underprivileged and the politically dispossessed, and to the assistance which foreign-owned companies have been given in improving the terms and conditions of employment of their own non-white employees by the codes of conduct that have quite recently been adopted by their own governments.
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  • 8
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 705-708 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0022-278X
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 667-704 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: People of quite diverse social position and perspective have turned to economic growth as a source of political change in South Africa. Contained within the concept of growth, they maintain, are processes — capital accumulation and class formation, business enterprise and markets, changing skill and capital requirements – that, at the very least, allow some blacks a more secure and higher living standard, that may bring greater equality between the races, or more profoundly, confound traditional racial lines and privileges of quite diverse social position and perspective have turned to economic growth as a source of political change in South Africa. Contained within the concept of growth, they maintain, are processes — capital accumulation and class formation, business enterprise and markets, changing skill and capital requirements – that, at the very least, allow some blacks a more secure and higher living standard, that may bring greater equality between the races, or more profoundly, confound traditional racial lines and privileges. Indeed, some argue that growth undermines the foundations of the racial state. Many of those who posit a relationship between economics and politics, take the next logical step: supporting actions, including foreign investment, that foster economic growth and, presumably, political change in South Africa.
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 715-717 
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 717-719 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 719-720 
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  • 16
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
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  • 17
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 722-728 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
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  • 18
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 499-502 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Urban unemployment and underemployment are widespread problems in Africa, perhaps more so than on other continents. It is a truism, apparently accepted by most governments, that capital is scarce, and that the rate of development and employment creation are constrained by the relative scarcity of capital equipment and the slow rate of capital formation. And yet these two observations, challengeable but generally accepted as commonplace and obvious truths, co-exist in much of Africa with a paradoxical third statement: that much of the urban capital stock, particularly in the modern-service sectors – government, education, large-scale commerce, finance, etcetera – is utilised at a very low rate, typically of the order of 25–30 per cent of the potential maximum. This brief note speculates on the reasons for this state of affairs, and explores the consequences of adopting a possible policy designed to produce a significant change.
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  • 19
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 513-515 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
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  • 20
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 221-256 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Virtually all analyses of Lesotho's political framework have agreed that strong elements of national identity have neither forestalled domestic conflict nor served to promote a unified assault on awesome economic problems. Hence many writers imply that a major asset, rarely found in independent Africa, has been wasted.1 Roger Leys has perceptively applied dependency theories of a ‘labour reserve’ economy to Lesotho,2 and spends considerable effort on historical analysis aimed at demonstrating the duration and pervasiveness of this process of systematic underdevelopment. In his conclusion he suggests that ‘the long and courageous battle of the Basotho to assert their dignity and worth is in fact a resource and political weapon of incomparable significance in the long-term battle for the liberation of southern Africa.’ Leys infers that national and class identities are interrelated, and possibly reinforcing, when he says that ‘the history of the struggle of the Basotho people and the very degree of their integration into the black working class of South Africa is a formidable weapon.’3
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 307-335 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Ethiopia has long been regarded as the only African state, along with Liberia, to have escaped the ravages of European colonialism, the epitome of African independence and self-determination.1 It was also considered a stable, relatively integrated, and viable political community amidst a continent of new states characterised by chronic instability.2 But by 1974, most if not all of these myths were in the process of being broken, as Ethiopia struggled for its very existence against pressures from within and without that threatened to dismember the Empire.
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 337-339 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
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  • 26
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 345-347 
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 348-350 
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    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 347-348 
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    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 350-351 
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    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 356-357 
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 75-105 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
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    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Mauritius became independent on 12 March 1968, and was then said to be the paradigm of the small isolated, poor, dependent country, only emerging from the colonial era to fall immediately into neocolonialism – the Third World's Third World.
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    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 107-132 
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    Notes: In 1955 the South African Government began to demolish a black freehold suburb in Johannesburg, and to relocate its inhabitants in a state-controlled township. Resistance to these moves by the leading black political organisation of the time, the African National Congress (A.N.C.), was short-lived and unsuccessful. Despite its abortive nature, the attempt to oppose the destruction of Sophiatown was historically significant for several reasons.
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    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 57-73 
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    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: In the course of several field studies carried out during 1978–9 on behalf of the Working Group on Recurrent Costs established by the Comité Inter-états de Lutte contre la Sécheresse dans le Sahel and the Club du Sahel, it became clear that imperfect functioning of domestic capital markets hampers the efforts of Sahelian governments to raise domestic non-tax resources for budget finance. Inasmuch as the operation and maintenance of development projects compete for a severely limited pool of uncommitted government revenues – that is, revenues not committed to debt service, meeting the civil service payroll, and other inflexible obligations – reforms that augment this pool are of particular interest from the viewpoint of ensuring that these projects function properly once established.
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    The @journal of modern African studies 19 (1981), S. 133-161 
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    Notes: Legislation in the former British colonial territories exhibited a pair of paradoxes. First, it spoke in legalese, a patois that only judges and lawyers can read easily. Many laws concerning development, however, addressed ordinary citizens. Second, drafters invented and used a specialised style to reduce official and judicial discretion by making legislation more precise, but this frequently endowed officials with discretion as broad as the unbroken sky. In Africa, the uses of legalese seemed to war with the purposes for which it was developed.
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 113-113 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A PAPER by Newman on page 155 of this issue documents a striking property of the glial cells in the vertebrate retina: their membrane permeability, which is almost exclusively a permeability to potassium, is largely concentrated at the end which has membrane expansions ('endfeet') facing the ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 107-107 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] 12-Month 12-Month Company Close Close Change high low previous 30 April month 14 101/2 Biogen (Switzerland) 13 U3/4 -2 VA 2 1% Bio-Logicals (Canada) 1% P/4 + % 14% 10 % Bio-Response (USA) 11 13% + 2% 14 10'/4 Cetus ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR ? We have read the news item in Nature (1 March p.6) regarding the inability of Israeli scientists to attend the VIIth International Biotechnology Symposium. To put the record straight, the organizers did everything possible to help the scientists from Israel to attend the symposium. In fact, ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 108-108 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR ? In Nature of 2 February (307, 408; 1984) you printed a letter from Dr J. Stefan Roken calling on scientists to boycott the International Biotechnology Symposium held in New Delhi in February, and calling for protests against the Indian Government for not permitting scientists from all ...
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 575-575 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) has decided that there is a prima facie case for closing the Taunton site of the Institute of Ocanographie Sciences (IOS), which carries out research in sedimentation and applied wave mechanics. The council's governing body was due this week to ...
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 575-575 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE limit for nitrogen oxides in ambient air proposed in the EEC directive (Nature 308, 309; 1984) should have read 200 gnr3 not ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 576-576 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo A PAIR of headphones and a portable cassette player have become pretty much standard street wear for young Tokyoites, but they are creating a new problem for the Japanese Government how to dispose safely of the batteries that power them. Alkaline-manganese batteries have been favoured ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 576-576 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] CHINESE plans to act as a "nuclear dustbin" for Western countries have provoked a sharp reaction in the neighbouring Mongolian People's Republic. Alarm was crystallized last month in a formal interview, organized by the Soviet news agency TASS and its Mongolian equivalent Mont same, with a ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 576-576 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington AMID continuing uncertainty about the health of Soviet physicist Andrei Sakharov and his wife Yelena Bonner, the US National Academy of Sciences confirmed last week that its president had postponed plans to visit the Soviet Union to reestablish formal links with the Soviet Academy of ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 577-577 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] AN urgent call for information on the consequences of large ground-based fires for the atmosphere of the Earth has gone out from the workshop held in Leningrad between 14 and 16 May on the climatic and biological consequences of nuclear war. The meeting is part of the programme by which the ...
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 577-577 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE companies selected by the US federal government to manufacture a blood test for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are expected to be announced this week. A scientific panel has already met to review the 20 or so proposals received in response to an announcement in the ...
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 577-577 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] 12-Month 12-Month Company Close Close Change high low previous 31 May month 14 8 Biogen (Switzerland) IP/4 9 -23/4 2 1% Bio-Logicals (Canada) P/4 l'/2 -Vi 14% g Bio-Response (USA) 13 V 8% -4l/4 14 10 Cetus (USA) 121/4 10!/4 -2 10% 5 Collaborative Research (USA) 7 5% -I5/ 19% 11 ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 578-578 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR You are, of course, right in saying that all is not well in India's Science. But great strides have been made. As our Prime Minister declared during a White House reception, India is engaged in the stupendous task of moving hundreds of millions of people into the twentieth century. Against ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 578-578 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR The key to considering science and technology in India lies in recognizing that India is trying to go through three revolutions simultaneously the agricultural (still incomplete), industrial and computer revolutions with a government that is democratic, a population less than half of which ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR Readers of your survey are likely to conclude that most of what is good and worthy of its name in Indian science is so because (1 ) a director or a chairman or perhaps a minister knows and means his/her business; (2) they or their organizations have or at least had good overseas connections ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR Your special issue on India provides a comprehensive account of accomplishments, failures and problems of science in India. The introductory note to the survey, however, contains the erroneous figure of 2.5 per cent as the annual rate of India's current population growth. The registration of ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Is human intelligence genetically determined, environmentally conditioned or the product of both influences? Since the work of the late Cyril Burt was discredited some years ago, the ferocity seems to have gone out of the argument on this question that had been raging for close on half a century. ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 135-138 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Over 20 years ago, Dungey8 suggested a model of the Earth's magnetosphere in which he proposed magnetic field reconnection as the major process coupling the magnetosphere to the solar wind and driving magnetospheric convection. Considerable indirect support for this model has subsequently been ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 142-144 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Location of the transects across the Apennine and Carpathian thrust belts (dark lines). The Apennine and outer Carpathian thrust belts are indicated by shading and the approximate position of the thrust fronts are indicated by dark barbed lines. The light continuous line represents the ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 582-582 
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    Notes: [Auszug] DEVOTEES of the school that believes an occult virus is responsible for the induction of rheumatoid arthritis will have welcomed a recent article summarizing a three-year collaborative study undertaken in three USA centres on the identification of par-vovirus-like particles in synovial tissue from ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] PILE-DWELLINGS ON HILLTOPS AMONG the Miris, Singphus, Kamtis, Nogas, Mismis, and Deodhains that I have questioned as to the origin of the custom of building on piles, the answer is invariably that they do not know, that it is their tribal custom, &c. Pressed as to the advantages of it, or why ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 583-583 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ON page 589 of this issue of Nature, Haag et al. report a very nice example of the way in which zeolites can be used in the controlled catalysis of hydrocarbon cracking, which is best seen in the context of John Dwyer's brief but comprehensive overview of zeolites as acid catalysts in the 2 April ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] MUCH of the development of T lymphocytes takes place in the thymus, away from the melee in bone marrow where B lymphocytes and other haematopoietic cells differentiate side by side. What is the purpose of this convenient packaging? Is the thymus an inductive environment for switching the ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 584-585 
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    Notes: [Auszug] FOR many years geodesists have examined evidence for the temporal changes in the Earth's global shape and gravity field. Confirmation that such changes occur on time scales of at least several years has now emerged from the observation of a secular acceleration O of the node O of the orbit of the ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 585-587 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THERE are two reasons for the exceptional concentration of research on the cellular myc proto-oncogene (c-myc). The first is historical. The chromosomal translocations characteristic of Burkitt's lym-phomas transfer c-myc from its normal context into an active immunoglobulin locus1, where it was ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 588-588 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Howgate1 criticizes our interpretations2'3 of the homologies and morphology of the Archaeopteryx manus by distorting and misrepresenting our viewpoints. Palaeontologists have identified the digits of theropods, Archaeopteryx and birds as digits 1-2-3 of the primitive reptilian hand whereas ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Peter Fellgett raises an interesting suggestion1 that the study of cybernetic feedback loops throws light on the redundant (multiple copy) nature of functional genes and hence places the evolution of this phenomenon within the rubric of Darwinian natural selection. His proposition is that ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 589-591 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The availability of solid acidic catalysts based on zeolite ZSM-5 make possible observations on the nature and the absolute rate behaviour of the individual protonic sites. Tetrahedral aluminium atoms are the highly reactive ingredients, even at levels of parts per million, or less. Turnover ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 598-600 
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    Notes: [Auszug] From the optical mass function of LMC X-3 (2.3 M), the absence of X-ray eclipses, in combination with the observed spectral type and absolute visual magnitude of the B-type companion, Paczynski2 derived a lower limit to the mass of the B-star of 9.0 (6.0 M), that is 5=3.0 M0. By comparing the ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 189-190 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Mathematics Advances in Fuzzy Sets, Possibility Theory, and Applications. P.P. WANG (d.). Plenum: 1983. Pp.42L IBN 0-306-41390-6. $55. A Biologist's Basic Mathematics. By D.R. CAUSTON.Edward Arnold: 1983. Pp.216. PbklSBN 0-7131-2879-8. £7.50. Developments in Statistics, Vol. 4. P.R. ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 3-3 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE militarization of space may yet become a significant issue in November's presidential election in the United States. For the first time, Mr Walter Mondale, the Democratic front-runner, last week promised to order a freeze on space weapons if he is elected President. In Congress, ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] ONE of genetic engineering's glittering prizes was claimed last week by Genentech Inc., the San Francisco-based biotechnology company, working in collaboration with the Haemophilia Centre at the Royal Free Hospital Medical School, London, and Speywood Laboratories in Wales. The human blood protein ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 5-5 
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    Notes: [Auszug] DISCUSSIONS on a possible 20,000 million deal in nuclear technology were a major feature of President Reagan's visit to China last month. Coincidentally, the President's visit came shortly after the second national congress of the Chinese Nuclear Society, which reviewed the current state of Chinese ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE inhabitants of Bikini Island, which was used for 23 above-ground nuclear tests between 1946 and 1958, are suing the US Government in an attempt to force a cleanup of their homeland. The 167 residents of the island left at the request of the US military and have since been shifted ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 7-7 
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    Notes: [Auszug] FURTHER signs of the response of Unesco (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) to the discontent of some member states should become apparent next week, at the meeting of the organization's executive board arranged for 9-23 May. Those participating in the meeting ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 9-9 
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    Notes: [Auszug] To sponsor a fellowship at the University of Cambridge, in a department (biochemistry) run by a knight (Sir Hans Kornberg) who is also master of a Cambridge college (Christ's), as Amersham International is about to do, may seem slightly odd for a company that thinks of itself as an adventurous ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 10-10 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR ? Two errors are becoming commoner in scientific writings. (1) The word "only" is being shifted forward, away from the word it modifies. Note the differences among the following: "Only I saw the white shark" (no-one else was on deck). "I only saw the white shark" (I didn't actually catch it). ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 13-13 
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN a crowded house on Tuesday last the Convocation of the University of Oxford passed the much-debated statute allowing women to enter for "certain of the honour examinations of the University." The statute has been opposed on very different grounds. The old Conservative Oxford School (fast ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 614-617 
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    Notes: [Auszug] In the expectation that the oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of CO2 sources of structural carbonate in apatite may leave a characteristic fingerprint of the depositional environment9?10, we have initiated an exploratory study of oxygen and carbon isotope abundances of insular phosphates from ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 19-22 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We propose that komatiite lavas were emplaced as turbulent flows, accompanied by vigorous forced convection with cooling rates often in excess of hundreds of °C h−1. They melted and assimilated up to 10% of the ground over which they flowed, forming deep channels. Nickel ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 620-622 
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    Notes: [Auszug] From a Danish adoption register4'5 we have identified four groups of sibling pairs. The first three groups comprise genetically related pairs who were adopted and reared apart in separate families: full siblings reared apart (FA, 34 pairs), maternal half-siblings reared apart (MA, 52 pairs) and ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 622-623 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The computational theory of binocular vision2^, which demonstrates how vertical disparities can be used to discover the distance to the fixation point (d) and the angle of gaze (g) with which the fixation point is being viewed, is introduced in rf. 5. One prediction of the theory is that vertical ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 624-626 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Neurones respond to axonal injury with the retrograde cell reaction0chromatolysis and displacement of the nucleus which may be followed by recovery, or, for centrally projecting neurones in mammals, often by degeneration of the entire cell7'8. Lesions of optic axons cause retrograde degeneration of ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 Multi-drug rsistance and 1.1-kb fragment amplification in different cell lines Degree of 1.1-kb Cell line V79 Relative resistance to: Adriamycin Colcemid 1 1 fragment amplification 1 77A 5 7 5 LZ 3,000 436 60 LZ revertant 7 10 CHO Aux Bl . 1 1 1 C5 150 280 20 Isolation and ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 629-631 
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    Notes: [Auszug] While analysing thymic repopulation in allogeneic bone marrow chimaeras we noted one chimaera16in which the allogeneic bone marrow cells differed from the host for both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encoded antigens and Thy-1 typethat showed one lobe of the thymus entirely reconstituted ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 631-633 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The total protein composition and rates of protein synthesis before and after haemin induction of K562 cells were examined (Fig. 1). After 40 h of incubation with 25 ? haemin, approximately 95% of the K562 cells stained positively with benzidine. The two-dimensional electrophoretic analyses (Fig. ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Figure la shows the binding of C3b-coated erythrocytes to HSV-1 infected endothelial cells by light microscopy. Rosettes (〉4 erythrocytes per endothelial cell) were found with 70% of infected endothelial cells: no rosettes formed around uninfected cells, nor around infected cells incubated with ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 635-637 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Three Ubx mutations have previously been mapped by genetic recombination. All were found to lie at or close to the right-hand end of the Ubx unit defined by chromosome rearrangements1'7'8. When the DNA of these and other Ubx 'point' alleles was examined, four apparently point Ubx mutations were ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 637-639 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We have chosen the b-lactamase encoded by the Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322 as a model for a prokaryotic secretory protein and Xenopus oocytes as eukaryotic test cells. /3-Lactamase is the major protein secreted into the periplasm of E. coli cells carrying pBR322 and inactivates ampicillin, thus ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 639-640 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The existing H-2 mutants were originally identified by circular skin-grafting experiments among sibling mice7'8. This system of mutants is notable because: (1) the rate of observed mutation is very high, about 1 in 2,500; (2) individual mutational events result in multiple amino acid substitutions; ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 640-642 
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    Notes: [Auszug] As previously reported, the leukaemic cells of most ATL patients contain one or two copies of HTLV provirus4'11, but the size of the coRI-digested DNA fragment containing the provirus and cellular flanking sequences differs between individuals, suggesting that the integration sites of the HTLV ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 644-645 
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN 1970, Dr G.R. Fink offered the advice that "biochemists as well as geneticists should use only S288C or 'isogenic' Saccharomyces strains in their investigations. Regrettably, this has not been the rule in the past". True, the principal yeast of industrial importance is 5. cerevisiae. However, ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] H.G. Wells: Aspects of a Life opens bizar-rely not with the birth of its subject but the birth of the biographer Anthony West, Wells's illegitimate son. At first startling, this emerges as rather appropriate, since, for most of the book, West's technique is to superimpose his own situation upon ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE study of chemical processes in natural waters tends to be pursued in compartments oceans, lakes, rivers, ground-waters and so on. One reason for this lies in the large differences between such environments regarding the spatial and temporal frameworks within which geochemical processes can ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 645-646 
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN King Arthur's legendary domain, the Knights of the Round Table slew dragons and rescued fair maidens; only the pure of heart could hope to glimpse the Holy Grail. Heppenheimer likens the quest for controlled fusion to such an enterprise, but one pursued by more fallible human beings. In a ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR Alister Hardy is prominent among those who have argued for "Darwinism with a difference". Whilst acknowledging the creative powers of natural selection, he enshrines innovative behaviour as a distinctive selective force. His argument is that a learnt and beneficial habit can be instrumental in ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 647-647 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A FEW years from now, the heading on these pages will be entirely inappropriate. The idea that the use of computers in laboratories is sufficiently novel to be remarked upon will have ceased entirely to be noteworthy, just as it would now seem strange to assemble a few pages of this journal under ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 648-648 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] GIVEN the shortage of suitable software for analysing biological data by microcomputer, the publication of books containing methods and programs for that purpose is generally all to the good. One recent book of this type is Statistics and Numerical Methods in BASIC for Biologists, written by J.D. ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 648-649 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Applications of Computers to Research on Nucleic Acids II, Parts 1 and 2. Edited by D. Söll and R. J. Roberts. IRL Press: 1984. Pp.856. Pbk 30, 60. Time Warps, String Edits and Macromolecules: The Theory and Practice of Sequence Comparison. Edited by D. Sankoff and J.B. Kruskal. ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 649-649 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Biodata Handling with Microcomputers. By R.B. Barlow. Elsevier Biosoft, 68 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2ILA, UK: 1983. Pp.261. 18, 30. Disks 30, 50. EVEN the least expensive "home computers" are capable of carrying out all the statistical analysis that most biologists will require and usually before ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 650-650 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PAPERBASE: A Computerized Personal Database for Scientists. By Anthony Durham. Wight Scientific, 44 Roan St, London SE109JT. Booklet, pp.31, 25, 50 (airmail postage included) for institutional use; 10, 20 f or personal use. Diskettes available for various computers, 50, 100 (booklet included). ...
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    Nature 308 (1984), S. 776-776 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - In the correspondence from Marcus Gosslerl we are informed that, in the event of the statistical evidence being sufficient, "the numerological result has to be taken seriously and cannot be dismissed by any non-mathematical reasoning". However, I think it also reasonable to point out (and I ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 650-652 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Series 7000 professional computers from Perkin-Elmer are advanced microcomputer data processing systems specifically for laboratory applications. Two models are available: the PE 7500 and PE 7300, capable of both analytical and management functions. In an integrated workstation, a Series 7000 ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 653-653 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Physics Advances in Diagnostic Visual Optics: Springer Series in Optical Sciences. G.M. BREININ and I.M. SIEGEL (eds). Springer-Verlag: 1983. Pp.247. ISBN 3-540-13079-9/0-387-13079-9. DM67, 26. Application of Transition State Theory to Unimolecular Reactions: An Introduction. By J.H. BEYNON and ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 481-482 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] EUROPE may not be made in the few weeks ahead, but there is a danger that it could be broken. And certainly the month that lies ahead will be crucial for the whole enterprise. First come the European elections, only the second occasion on which representatives to the European Parliament have been ...
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    Nature 309 (1984), S. 654-654 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] BIOTECHNOLOGY is one of the fast growing new technologies. It was born as late as the 1970s and is recognized everywhere as a key technology for the future. As well as the United States and Japan, the technology superpowers, France, West Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom have taken ...
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