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  • Articles  (46)
  • Nicotiana  (26)
  • Wheat  (20)
  • Springer  (46)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1980-1984  (46)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1925-1929
  • 1980  (46)
  • Biology  (31)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (15)
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  • Articles  (46)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (46)
Years
  • 2005-2009
  • 1980-1984  (46)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1925-1929
Year
Topic
  • Biology  (31)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (15)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of proteins synthesized in vivo and in vitro by mRNA from isolated protoplasts (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 148 (1980), S. 453-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: mRNA ; Protein synthesis ; Protoplasts ; Nicotiana ; Translation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studies of proteins synthesized in vitro by messenger RNA (mRNA) extracted from tobacco protoplasts showed that the changes in protein synthesis and especially the lack of certain proteins observed previously in isolated protoplasts did not result from a failure of translation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02395314
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of leaves and roots on meristem development inNicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38 (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 148 (1980), S. 462-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Flower formation ; Leaves (in flower formation) ; Meristem (shoot) ; Nicotiana ; Roots (and flower formation)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The terminal, apical shoot meristem ofN. tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38 normally differentiates into a flower after producing 30 to 40 nodes. The influence of leaves and roots on the regulation of flowering was evaluated by counting the number of nodes produced after removal of leaves or the induction of adventitious roots. Leaf removal has no effect on the number of nodes produced before flower formation. Root induction significantly increases the number of nodes produced before flower formation. The plant behaves as if it were measuring the number of nodes between the meristem and the roots as a means of regulating meristem conversion from vegetative to floral differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02395316
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polysomes from expanded tobacco leaves (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 148 (1980), S. 491-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Leaves (polysomes) ; Nicotiana ; Polysomes ; Poly(A)+ RNA ; Protein synthesis ; RNA (polysomal, polyA+)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The isolation of intact polysomes from leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is dependent on the age and state of development of leaves. Undegraded polysomes from young leaves in the early stages of expansion can be isolated easily by extracting the leaves in ice-cold extraction buffer (200 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethylmethane(Tris)-HCl, pH 9.0; 400 mM KCl; 200 mM sucrose; 35 mM MgCl2). Medium-size leaves give best yields of undegraded polysomes when extractions are carried out in the above buffer and in the presence of ethyleneglycol-bis-(β-amino-ethyl ether)-N,N′-tetracetic acid (EGTA) and mercaptoethanol. Isolation of polysomes from large, nearly fully expanded (mature) leaves requires all of the above plus diethyldithiocarbamate (DIECA) in the extraction medium. An extraction medium consisting of 25 mM EGTA, 0.01 M mercaptoethanol, 25 mM DIECA and 0.5% of the nonionic detergent, Nonidet-P40 (NP 40) was found to be very suitable for extraction of polysomes from all developmental stages of leaves. The polysomes extracted in the above medium showed active translation of protein in the wheat-germ in-vitro protein-synthesizing system. The translational products were similar when translations were carried out directly with polysomes or polysomal RNA, or polysomal poly(A)+ RNA from tobacco leaves. Poly(A)− polysomal RNA was a poor template in the in-vitro wheat-germ system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02395320
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional requirements of protoplast-derived, haploid tobacco cells grown at low cell densities in liquid medium (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 149 (1980), S. 7-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin metabolism ; Cell suspensions (low density) ; Medium conditioning ; Nicotiana ; Nitrogen metabolism ; Protoplasts ; Vitamin requirements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Preliminary attempts to define a completely synthetic medium able to support divisions of haploid tobacco mesophyll protoplasts at low initial densities have failed. High protoplast concentrations together with large amounts of naphtaleneacetic acid in the medium (3 mg l-1 NAA) were required for maximal induction of protoplast division. However, cell suspensions derived from haploid protoplasts after four days of preculture at high initial cell densities could be diluted to densities as low as 1–4 cells ml-1, provided the concentration of NAA in the medium was lowered to below 0.3 mg l-1. The optimal NAA supply for low cell density growth was affected by the nature of the nitrogen source. A simple minimal medium which supports the growth of these haploid cells with a plating efficiency of 30–40%, independent of the cell density in the range of 1–4 to 3·104 cells ml-1, has been established. In this medium inositol was the only vitamin stringently required for growth. Growth of cells at low densities was also possible in a medium initially containing 3 mg l-1 NAA, provided it was conditioned by the growth of protoplasts at high densities. Preliminary experiments with [14C]NAA showed that the amount of free NAA remaining in the medium after preincubation at high densities was drastically reduced. Simultaneously, NAA conjugates accumulated in the medium. The implications of these results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386221
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a cytoplasmic auxin receptor from tobacco-pith callus (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 149 (1980), S. 44-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin receptor ; Callus ; Nicotiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cultured tobacco-pith tissue contains a cytoplasmic receptor for indoleacetic acid (IAA). The concentration of binding sites is very low in comparison to that of several auxin receptors found by other investigators. A few obvious possible causes (degradation or inactivation) were investigated. From the results we conclude that the low number of binding sites is real. The receptor binds IAA optimally at pH 7.5–7.8 and at a temperature of 24–30°C, when incubated for 25–30 min. The binding is very specific, as is shown by competition experiments. The concentration of the receptor in the callus tissue changes dramatically during each culture period, which suggests a possible role in development. The receptor was partly purified by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386225
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of light on the production of ethylene from 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid by leaves (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 149 (1980), S. 196-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ; Avena ; Ethylene ; Etiolation ; Light (ethylene production) ; Nicotiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract White light inhibits the conversion of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in discs of green leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and segments of oat (Avena sativa L.) leaves by from 60 to 90%. Etiolated oat leaves do not show this effect. The general nature of the effect is shown by its presence in both a mono- and a dicotyledon. Since the leaves have been grown and pre-incubated in light, yet can produce from 2 to 9 times as much ethylene in the dark as in the light, it follows that the light inhibition is fully reversible. The inhibition by light is about equal to that exerted in the dark by CoCl2; it can be partly reversed by dithiothreitol and completely by mercaptoethanol. Thus the light is probably acting, via the photosynthetic system, on the SH group(s) of the enzyme system converting ACC to ethylene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380882
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between the nicotine content of tobacco plants and callus cultures (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 149 (1980), S. 205-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Callus cultures ; Nicotiana ; Nicotine ; Tissue cultures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Callus cultures of two low-alkaloid lines of Nicotiana tabacum L. had considerably lower nicotine contents than cultures from the respective highalkaloid cultivars which were isogenic except for the two loci for alkaloid accumulation. Thus, there was a strong correlation between the nicotine content of callus cultures and the plants from which they were derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380884
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Auxin-binding by particulate fractions from tobacco leaf protoplasts (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 150 (1980), S. 9-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin binding ; Nicotiana ; Plasma membrane ; Protoplast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In vitro binding of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to particulate fractions from tobacco leaf protoplasts was studied. In freshly isolated protoplasts no specific binding could be detected, whereas it was present in particulate fractions from tobacco leaves. It is concluded that the NAA-binding-sites are probably located at the external face of the plasma membrane; they are destroyed during protoplast isolation by proteolytic enzymes in the cellulase and macerozyme preparations. After culturing the protoplasts for 3–4 d, the first cell divisions were observed and at the same time specific NAA-binding became detectable. The affinity constant for NAA was approx. 2·106 mol-1 and the number of binding sites increased during further culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385607
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors influencing the incidence of habituation for cytokinin of tobacco pith tissue in culture (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 150 (1980), S. 264-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cytokinin habituation ; Habituation, cytokinin ; Nicotiana ; Position effects (habituation) ; Size effects (habituation) ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pith tissue of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. “Havana 425” exhibits a gradient in its tendency to habituate for cytokinin on an auxin-containing medium at 35° C, about 10° C above the standard culture temperature. Explants of pith from below the 8th to 11th internode, counting from the bottom of the plant, rarely habituate for cytokinin; explants from above this threshold habituate rapidly. The explants must also be above a critical size, about 20–30 mg, to habituate. There was a pronounced interaction between size and position effects; the threshold position for cytokinin habituation shifted upward with decreasing explant size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390836
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation by abscisic acid of RNA synthesis in discs from healthy and tobacco mosaic virus-infected tobacco leaves (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 150 (1980), S. 349-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Nicotiana ; Ribonucleic acid synthesis ; Tobacco mosaic virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Uptake of abscisic acid from the culture medium by discs of healthy and tobacco mosaic virus-infected tobacco leaves was measured. Small (two to five-fold) increases in abscisic acid concentration in discs caused increases in rates of [3H]uridine and [3H]adenine incorporation into total nucleic acid, virus RNA and host ribosomal RNA. Net accumulation of virus RNA was also enhanced by abscisic acid. This evidence for stimulation of RNA synthesis is compared with previous reports showing inhibition of RNA synthesis in other tissues. It is suggested that the increase in endogenous abscisic acid caused by tobacco mosaic virus infection may be at least partly responsible for observed increases in rates of RNA synthesis after infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390168
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of peroxidase isoenzyme groups of Nicotiana tabacum in hydrogen peroxide formation (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 147 (1980), S. 467-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Hydrogenperoxide ; Lignification ; Nicotiana ; Peroxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three peroxidase isoenzyme-groups found in cell walls of tobacco were tested for their capacity to form H2O2. Isoenzyme-group GI, located only in cell walls (GII and GIII are also found in protoplasts) showed the highest Kapp-value for H2O2-formation. The lowest Kapp-value, i.e., maximal H2O2-formation was received for group GIII which is ionically bound to the cell wall. As shown before, GI yields maximal polymerization rates for coniferyl- and p-coumarylalcohol. These facts indicate that each of the peroxidase isoenzyme groups of the cell wall is involved with different catalytic functions within the same pathways of H2O2-formation and succeeding lignification. H2O2-formation catalyzed by all 3 groups was increased by very low concentrations of Mn2+-ions. The required amount of Mn2+ leading to maximal stimulation was in each case dependent on the basic rate of H2O2-formation. Maximal stimulation of H2O2-formation by phenolic compounds was achieved by coniferylalcohol at a concentration of 10-4M for all groups. Stimulation by p-coumaryl-and by sinapylalcohol was not as significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380189
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The induction of cytokinin habituation in primary pith explants of tobacco (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 149 (1980), S. 402-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cytokinin ; Habituation rates ; Nicotiana ; Temperature and habituation ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pith parenchyma tissue ofNicotiana tabacum L. cv. “Havana 425” becomes cytokinin habituated when incubated at 35°C on an auxin-containing medium. Under these conditions, habituated, hyperplastic nodules appear on the tissues. We used these nodules to estimate the incidence of habituation by a statistical method. The rate of habituation varied with the season. Tissue isolated from plants in the spring habituated approx. 7 times faster than did tissue isolated from plants in winter. The fact that the average rate, 〉4×10−3 per cell generation, was 100–1,000 times faster than the rate of somatic mutation inNicotiana species and depended on the physiological state of the tissue provides further evidence that habituation involves epigenetic changes rather than rare, random genetic mutations. We also found that kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) induced habituation and that the concentration required depended on the duration of cytokinin treatment. For long incubation times, approx. 6×10−10 M kinetin, which is about 1,000-fold lower than the concentration optimal for growth of cytokinin-requiring pith tissue, was sufficient to induce habituation. These results support the hypothesis that the habituated state is maintained by a positive feedback loop in which cytokinins either induce their own synthesis or inhibit their own degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571176
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Fatty-acid composition and biosynthesis in cell suspension cultures of Glycine max (L.) Merr., Catharanthus roseus G. Don and Nicotiana tabacum L. (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 147 (1980), S. 384-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Acetate incorporation ; Catharanthus ; Cell suspension cultures ; Fatty acids ; Glycihe ; Nicotiana ; Temperature and fatty-acid synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fatty-acid composition of C. roseus and N. tabacum cell suspension cultures was unaffected by subculture on Wood and Braun, Murashige and Skoog, or Gamborg B5C media. However, placing the cultures — which were normally grown at 25° C — at 15° C reduced growth but resulted in enhanced formation of oleic and linolenic acids in C. roseus cultures and increased levels of linoleic and linolenic acids in cultures of G. max and N. tabacum, respectively. The incorporation of [14C]acetate into [14C]linoleic acid was more rapid in N. tabacum cells than in G. max cells, but was very poor in C. roseus where the [14C] label was distributed mainly between palmitic and oleic acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380177
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of nuclear and chloroplastic genes coding for fraction-1 protein in somatic hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum + rustica (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 147 (1980), S. 414-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Fraction-1 protein ; Hybrid, somatic ; Nicotiana ; Protein (Fraction 1) ; Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase ; Somatic hybrid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the sexual interspecific cross, Nicotiana rustica L.xN. tabacum L., N. rustica can serve as the female but not as the male parent. By fusion of protoplasts, the barrier to fertilization was overcome and somatic hybrids containing N. tabacum cytoplasm were produced as shown by isoelectric focusing of the Fraction-1 protein (F-1-protein). All somatic hybrids displayed polypeptides of the large subunit of F-1 protein (which is coded by the chloroplast genome) characteristic of only one or the other parental species. Two hybrids had large subunits of the N. tabacum type and two hybrids had those of the N. rustica type. Three hybrids contained three smallsubunit polypeptides (coded by the nuclear genome), one being characteristic of N. rustica, one characteristic of N. tabacum, and one with an isoelectric point common to both species. A fourth hybrid contained only two small-subunit polypeptides of the N. tabacum type but in a F-1 protein macromolecule whose large subunits were of the N. rustica type. One somatic hybrid was self-fertile and its F2 progeny contained large- and small-subunit polypeptides indistinguishable in their isoelectric points from those in the parent F1 hybrid. All somatic hybrids showed an aneuploid chromosome number and morphological characteristics intermediate between those of N. rustica and N. tabacum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380181
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of different temperatures on fatty-acid synthesis and polyunsaturation in cell suspension cultures (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 147 (1980), S. 389-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Catharanthus ; Cell suspension cultures ; Glycine ; Fatty acids (synthesis, desaturation) ; Nicotiana ; Linoleic, linolenic, oleic, acids ; Temperature and fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cell suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus G. Don, Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Nicotiana tabacum L. were incubated with [14C]acetate, [14C]oleic acid and [14C]linoleic acid at five different temperatures ranging from 15 to 35° C. When the incubation temperature was increased, [14C]acetate was incorporated preferentially into [14C]palmitate, with a concomitant drop in [14C]oleate formation. Between 15 and 20° C, [14C]oleic acid accumulated in C. roseus cells. In all cultures, optimum desaturation of [14C]oleic acid to [14C]linoleic acid occurred between 20 and 25° C, and in G. max this was also the optimal range for desaturation of [14C]linoleic acid to [14C]linolenic acid. Elongation of [14C]palmitic acid was inhibited when cultures grown at 15° C for 25 h were subsequently incubated with [14C]acetate at 25° C. [14C]oleic acid accumulated in G. max and C. roseus cultures grown at 35° C for 25 h and subsequently incubated at 25° C. Desaturation of [14C]oleic acid increased up to 25° C, but then decreased or leveled off depending on the cell line and on the temperature prior to incubation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380178
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polysomes from expanded tobacco leaves (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 148 (1980), S. 491-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Leaves (polysomes) ; Nicotiana ; Polysomes ; Poly(A)+ RNA ; Protein synthesis ; RNA (polysomal, polyA+)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The isolation of intact polysomes from leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is dependent on the age and state of development of leaves. Undegraded polysomes from young leaves in the early stages of expansion can be isolated easily by extracting the leaves in ice-cold extraction buffer (200 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethylmethane(Tris)-HCl, pH 9.0; 400 mM KCl; 200 mM sucrose; 35 mM MgCl2). Medium-size leaves give best yields of undegraded polysomes when extractions are carried out in the above buffer and in the presence of ethyleneglycol-bis-(β-amino-ethyl ether)-N,N′-tetracetic acid (EGTA) and mercaptoethanol. Isolation of polysomes from large, nearly fully expanded (mature) leaves requires all of the above plus diethyldithiocarbamate (DIECA) in the extraction medium. An extraction medium consisting of 25 mM EGTA, 0.01 M mercaptoethanol, 25 mM DIECA and 0.5% of the nonionic detergent, Nonidet-P40 (NP 40) was found to be very suitable for extraction of polysomes from all developmental stages of leaves. The polysomes extracted in the above medium showed active translation of protein in the wheat-germ in-vitro protein-synthesizing system. The translational products were similar when translations were carried out directly with polysomes or polysomal RNA, or polysomal poly(A)+ RNA from tobacco leaves. Poly(A)− polysomal RNA was a poor template in the in-vitro wheat-germ system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00552665
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  • 17
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    Suitable conditions for characterization, identification, and isolation of the mRNA of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from Nicotiana sylvestris (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 148 (1980), S. 211-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: mRNA ; Nicotiana ; Protein synthesis ; Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase ; RNA (messenger) ; Translation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The products synthesized in vitro by messenger RNA (mRNA) extracted from Nicotiana sylvestris were analyzed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide slab gels. Only three of the major polypeptides synthesized are considered here: P55, P32, and P20. P55 and P32 were translated from chloroplast mRNA. P55 corresponds to the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuP2) carboxylase; P32 is probably a chloroplast membrane protein. P20, the polypeptide synthesized from cytoplasmic poly(A)+ RNA, is the precursor of the small subunit of RuP2 carboxylase. The balance between P20 and P32, in which their relative proportions varied inversely, was regulated by the age of the leaves and the time of illumination; we took advantage of this phenomenon to isolate the mRNA from the small subunit in relatively large amounts. This mRNA has a molecular weight of 350,000.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380029
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  • 18
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    Properties and regulation of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase from suspension cultures ofNicotiana sylvestris (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 150 (1980), S. 140-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase ; Cell suspension culture ; Cysteine ; Enzyme regulation ; Nicotiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The properties and the regulation of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase extracted from cell suspension cultures ofNicotiana sylvestris was investigated. Optimal adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity was obtained from the cells by extraction with 0.1 M tris-HCl, pH8.0, containing 2 M MgSO4 and 10 mM dithioerythritol. The K m for adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate in the sulfotransferase reaction was about 11 μM. Adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate in concentrations above 50 μM were inhibitory. The extratable adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity decreased during cultivation with sulfate as the sole sulfur source, but after about 3 days it reached a constant level (50 to 100 nmol activated sulfate transferred h-1 mg-1 protein) which was maintained for at least 24 h. Addition of 0.5 mM cysteine to the culture medium decreased the extractable adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity and blocked growth completely. With 0.1 mM cysteine an enzyme level of about 10% of the initial value was reached within 6 to 12 h without significant inhibition of growth. The added cysteine was absorbed rapidly and after 24 h cysteine could no longer be detected in the medium. Before the cysteine was completely depleted, the activity of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase started to increase, reaching ultimately a level which was comparable to the initial value.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582357
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    Ribosylzeatin and zeatin in tobacco crown gall tissue (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 147 (1980), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Crown gall ; Cytokinins ; Nicotiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cytokinins were extracted from two cultures of tobacco crown gall tumor tissue: an unorganized tissue and a teratoma which produced leafy shoots. On Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, extracts of both types of tissue yielded two peaks of cytokinin activity with elution volumes similar to ribosylzeatin and zeatin. Ribosylzeatin and zeatin were detected and quantified by coupled gas chromatography — mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring (GC/MS SIM), comparable quantities being found in the two extracts. Full mass spectral evidence for the presence of ribosylzeatin in both tissues was obtained. No evidence was found for the presence of N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenosine (i6Ade) or N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine (i6Ade) although these compounds have been reported to occur in cytokinin-habituated tobacco callus tissues.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379831
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  • 20
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    Multistage disruption of protoplasts by dikegulac (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 147 (1980), S. 274-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell division ; Dikegulac ; Lysis ; Nicotiana ; Plasmalemma ; Protoplasts ; Tonoplast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dikegulac (2,3:4,6 di-o-isopropylidine-2-keto-I-gulonate) is a growth regulator used to differentially kill terminal apices, and it analogously inhibits basic metabolic functions in dividing cells, but not stationary cells, in suspension culture. This report demonstrates an analogous situation in isolated tobacco protoplasts. At the lowest concentrations, dikegulac partially suppresses division of the protoplasts. Higher concentrations are required to produce visual cytoplasmic damage to the protoplasts, which probably first occurs at the level of the plasmalemma, as the vacuoles can be released intact. Later, tonoplast disruption occurs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379832
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    Isolation of abscisic acid-resistant variants from tobacco cell cultures (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 148 (1980), S. 97-102 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Cell cultures ; Nicotiana ; Variants, resistant ; Water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The goal of this work was to begin a genetic study of the molecular mode of action of abscisic acid (ABA), by isolating variant cultured cells resistant to the hormone, or to a factor which induces ABA synthesis, namely water stress. Cell cultures of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38 and N. silvestris Speg. and Comes were chosen as the experimental materials. Studies of the effects of the two stresses on the growth of the cultures demonstrated that ABA or water stress imposed by mannitol could completely inhibit growth. These effects arose in both cases from a constant reduction of the growth rate of the cells throughout the culture period. Mannitol also induced an increase in ABA content of the cells and media of suspension cultures, although not to the concentrations required to achieve the same degree of growth inhibition when the hormone was applied exogenously.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386408
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    Isolation of abscisic acid-resistant variants from tobacco cell cultures (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 148 (1980), S. 103-107 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Cell cultures ; Nicotiana ; Variants, resistant ; Water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Variant clones were isolated from Nicotiana silvestris Speg. et Comes cell cultures at low frequencies following severe abscisic-acid (ABA) or mannitol-induced water-stress treatments of plated cells. N. tabacum L. variants were not recovered. Variants from the ABA selection experiments exhibited a 10-fold increase in resistance to the hormone. This trait was stable in non-selective conditions for as long as was tested (200 days), but did not alter the response of the cells to water stress. Cell lines from the waterstress selection were not more resistant to mannitol than the parent line, and had a wide range of response to ABA.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386409
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    Comparison of proteins synthesized in vivo and in vitro by mRNA from isolated protoplasts (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 148 (1980), S. 453-454 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: mRNA ; Protein synthesis ; Protoplasts ; Nicotiana ; Translation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studies of proteins synthesized in vitro by messenger RNA (mRNA) extracted from tobacco protoplasts showed that the changes in protein synthesis and especially the lack of certain proteins observed previously in isolated protoplasts did not result from a failure of translation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00552659
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    Influence of leaves and roots on meristem development inNicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38 (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 148 (1980), S. 462-467 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Flower formation ; Leaves (in flower formation) ; Meristem (shoot) ; Nicotiana ; Roots (and flower formation)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The terminal, apical shoot meristem ofN. tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38 normally differentiates into a flower after producing 30 to 40 nodes. The influence of leaves and roots on the regulation of flowering was evaluated by counting the number of nodes produced after removal of leaves or the induction of adventitious roots. Leaf removal has no effect on the number of nodes produced before flower formation. Root induction significantly increases the number of nodes produced before flower formation. The plant behaves as if it were measuring the number of nodes between the meristem and the roots as a means of regulating meristem conversion from vegetative to floral differentiation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00552661
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    Glutenin subunits of genetically related European hexaploid wheat cultivars: Their relation to bread-making quality (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 107-111 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Glutenin ; Wheat ; Bread-making ; Chromosomal control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The subunit composition of glutenin from 47 European wheat cultivars was studied using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These cultivars are genetically related since they originate from the same stock. Moreover, the diversity of sample, containing cultivars with very different French bread-making qualities, makes it possible to investigate the relationship between glutenin subunit composition and bread-making quality. 16 electrophoretic types of glutenin subunits could be distinguished: these were grouped into four classes. Depending on the cultivar, six to eight glutenin subunits with MW more than or equal to 62,000 were detected. Subunits 3 and 5, with an approximate MW of 122,000 and 108,000 respectively, seem to play a prominent role on bread-making quality; they were found in cultivars of good quality and were absent in those unsuitable for making French bread. Two other subunits (9 and 10; MW: 71,000 and 66,000, respectively) have a less defined influence but may be needed in some types of glutenin structure. Aneuploid analysis shows that in ‘Chinese Spring’, subunit 5 is coded by a gene on the long arm of chromosome 1B. The location of genes coding for subunits 3, 9 and 10 could not be determined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263099
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    Rye chromosome translocations in hexaploid wheat: a re-evaluation of the loss of heterochromatin from rye chromosomes (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 17-23 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale ; Highly repeated ; DNA sequences ; Heterochromatin ; Translocations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using in situ hybridization techniques, we have been able to identify the translocated chromosomes resulting from whole arm interchanges between homoeologous chromosomes of wheat and rye. This was possible because radioactive probes are available which recognize specific sites of highly repeated sequence DNA in either rye or wheat chromosomes. The translocated chromosomes analysed in detail were found in plants from a breeding programme designed to substitute chromosome 2R of rye into commercial wheat cultivars. The distribution of rye highly repeated DNA sequences showed modified chromosomes in which (a) most of the telomeric heterochromatin of the short arm and (b) all of the telomeric heterochromatin of the long arm, had disappeared. Subsequent analyses of these chromosomes assaying for wheat highly repeated DNA sequences showed that in type (a), the entire short arm of 2R had been replaced by the short arm of wheat chromosome 2B and in (b), the long arm of 2R had been replaced by the long arm of 2B. The use of these probes has also allowed us to show that rye heterochromatin has little effect on the pairing of the translocated wheat arm to its wheat homologue during meiosis. We have also characterized the chromosomes resulting from a 1B-1R translocation event. From these results, we suggest that the observed loss of telomeric heterochromatin from rye chromosomes in wheat is commonly due to wheat-rye chromosome translocations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264422
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    Aneuploid analysis of low molecular weight gliadins from wheat (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 65-69 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Gliadins ; Chromosomal control ; Aneuploid analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The chromosomal location of genes affecting five components from the low molecular weight gliadin (LMWG) fraction from wheat endosperm has been investigated by aneuploid analysis. Genes controlling these proteins were assigned to chromosomes 4B, 7A and 7D. Chromosomes from homoeologous groups 1, 2 and 6, where genes controlling classical gliadins are located, are not involved in the control of LMWG.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264427
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    Restoration of fertility in cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) Nicotiana Sylvestris by fusion with X-irradiated N. tabacum protoplasts (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 121-127 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Nicotiana ; Cytoplasmic-male-sterility ; Somatic hybridization ; Plastid segregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Restoration of male fertility was achieved by fusing protoplasts from male sterile (CMS) Nicotiana sylvestris plants with X-irradiated protoplasts derived from fertile N. tabacum plants. The CMS N. sylvestris plants were derived from a previous somatic hybridization experiment and contained alien (Line 92) cytoplasm. About one quarter of the regenerated plants were found to be cybrids. i.e. they consisted of N. sylvestris nuclei combined with all or some components of N. tabacum cytoplasm. In one half of these cybrids male fertility was restored to different levels. The chloroplasts of the two parental donors differ in respect to tentoxin sensitivity: chloroplasts of CMS N. sylvestris are sensitive while those of N. tabacum are insensitive. It could therefore be demonstrated that there was an independent segregation of chloroplast type and male fertility/sterility: several somatic cybrids were male fertile but tentoxin sensitive and others were tentoxin insensitive yet they were male sterile. Only in about one half of the somatic cybrids was male fertility restored together with restoration to tentoxin insensitivity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263102
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    Genotypic effects of the maternal tissues of wheat on its grain weight (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 247-252 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Maternal tissues ; Grain weight ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Caryopsis ; Pericarp ; Endosperm ; Embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Reciprocal crosses were made between semi dwarf spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) differing in grain weight. The weights of the F1 grains (on maternal spikes), from intact as well as from defoliated plants, and those of the F2 grains (on f1 spikes), were examined. Grain weight was controlled primarily by the genotype of the maternal tissues (pericarp, testa or other floret or spikelet organs, including the vascular system), with complete dominance of heaviness. No indications suggesting maternal inheritance were obtained. The frequency distribution of the weights of the F2 grains indicated the presence of genotypic effects exerted by the endosperm or embryo. The embryo or endosperm factors for heaviness also seemed to be dominant.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265174
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    Purification of lumicolchicine for use in studies of plant development (1980)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 103 (1980), S. 105-114 
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    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Colchicine ; Lumicolchicine ; Microtubules ; Mitosis ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Lumicolchicine was purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography. Tests for purity were ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, analytical thin-layer chromatography, and a bioassay using wheat roots. Wheat roots treated for 3 days with 10−3 M lumicolchicine showed no c-mitosis, but had reduced growth compared with controls.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276669
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    Selection of embryogenic pollen from cold-treated buds ofNicotiana tabacum var. badischer burley and their development into embryos in cultures (1980)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 105 (1980), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Embryogenic pollen ; Nicotiana ; Pollen culture ; Selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary By using density gradient centrifugation, employing 55% percoll and 4% sucrose as suspension medium, it is possible to select embryogenic pollen from buds after cold treatment at 10 °C for 8 or more days. These buds at the uninucleate stage of pollen were collected from plants grown in 8 hours photocycles at 18 °C and supplied with mineral salts. The embryogenic pollen are small, starch-free with a clear cytoplasm whereas large starch-filled ones are nonembryogenic. The embryogenic pollen regularly form embryos at a frequency of 2% on a mineral medium supplemented with glutamine, asparagine and sucrose at pH 6.5. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that it is possible to have embryos in appreciable frequencies in “ab initio” pollen cultures raised from cold treated anthers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279858
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    Assimilation of uranium by wheat and tomato plants (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 55 (1980), S. 55-59 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Assimilation ; Deficiency ; Irrigation ; Soil ; Tomato ; Toxicity ; Uranium concentration ; Wheat ; Yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Greenhouse conditions have been used for the study of uptake of uranium by wheat and tomato plants as affected by its concentration in soil and irrigation applied. The highest yield of wheat was obtained at 3.0 ppm of uranium whereas the tomato yield decreased with the increase of uranium in the soil. The analysis shows that Uranium uptake by wheat and tomato not only depends upon the uranium concentration in the soil but also on the amount of irrigation applied.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02149708
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    The development of waterlogging damage in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 77-94 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Nutrients ; Oxygen ; Roots ; Soil ; Toxins ; Waterlogging ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of waterlogging on concentrations of gases and various solutes dissolved in the soil water were investigated in the laboratory, to determine whether the early disruption to the growth of wheat was most closely associated with depletion of dissolved oxygen, accumulation of toxins, or changes in concentrations of nutrient ions in the soil water. Waterlogging slowed shoot fresh weight accumulation, leaf extension and nodal root growth; it also caused death of the seminal root system and early senescence of the lower leaves. However, the shoot dry weight initially increased above that of the non-waterlogged controls, and thus was not a reliable indicator of the early restriction to plant growth and development. The symptoms of damage to shoots and roots were attributed to the fall in soil oxygen concentrations, rather than to any decrease in concentration of inorganic nutrients in the soil water, or to the accumulation of any other measured solutes to toxic concentrations.
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    Root exudates of plants (1980)
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    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 69-83 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Concentration gradient ; Exudates ; Pseudomonas putida ; Root exudation ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The release of substances from wheat roots was found to be directly related to the growth of the root system. Plants whose root system did not grow released almost no exudates. When exudate concentration in the vicinity of the roots was lowered by frequent replacements of the nutrient solution or by a simultaneous cultivation of exudate-utilizing bacteria, the release of exudates was enhanced. In axenic wheat cultures, the amount of exudates during a 12-day cultivation with 2- or 4-day intervals between medium replacements represented 50% of root dry weight and 12% of whole plant dry weight. Wheat plants cultivated in the presence of the bacteriumPseudomonas putida released up to double the amount of exudates compared with axenic variants.
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    Effect of soil temperature alteration by soil covers on seedling emergence of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sown on two dates (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 125-129 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Mulch ; Polyethylene sheet ; Seedling emergence ; Soil temperature ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soil temperature altered by various ways of soil coveringviz control (T1), transparent polyethylene (T2), black polyethylene (T3), rice straw (T4), rice straw applied only during night (T5) and farm yard manure (T6) on seedling emergence of wheat sown on November 30, 1978 and January 6, 1979. Maximum increase in soil temperature occurred under transparent polyethylene cover. Temperature alterations were relatively smaller under other treatments and was minimum under farm yard manure cover. With both sowings, the effect of various ways of soil covering on seedling emergence depended on the magnitude of soil temperature alteration caused by them. It was hastened markedly under transparent polyethylene cover and only slightly under black polyethylene cover. Continuous soil covering with rice straw slowed down seedling emergence while covering only during night hastened it slightly. Farm yard manure cover showed negligible effect on seedling emergence. Seedling emergence response to an increase in soil temperature was higher with second sowing when temperature was relatively lower than with first sowing. The result suggests the possibility of expediting seedling emergence of wheat sown under low temperature condition by transparent polyethylene cover. Seedling emergence was only slightly influenced by other soil covers.
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    Assessment of a rapid method, using soil cores, for estimating the amount and distribution of crop roots in the field (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 55 (1980), S. 297-305 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barley ; Cereals ; Root distribution ; Root growth ; Soil ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A study was made of the relationship between the number of roots (Nr) observed on unit area of the freshly exposed, horizontal faces of soil cores, and the amounts of roots (per unit volume) present in the same cores. Soil cores, 7 cm diameter, were extracted to depths of 1 m from cereal crops in 1976 at three field sites located on clay soils. Sampling was either at the start of stem elongation, or at anthesis. Estimates of root length per unit soil volume (L) were derived from Nr by assuming random orientation of roots in the soil. Values of L were found to be highly correlated with the measured lengths of both the main roots (root axes) and the total roots (axes and laterals) washed from the soil at a given growth stage, for each of the soils. On average, L was 3.3 times the length of root axes washed from the soil, and was 0.42 times the length of total roots, but there was appreciable variation between different growth stages and field sites. Possible factors giving rise to differences between L and the measured lengths of roots are discussed. Estimates of root length from observation of soil cores may nonetheless provide a suitable basis for rapidly comparing therelative distribution of roots down the soil profile under field conditions.
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    An evaluation of seed and seedling drought tolerance screening tests in wheat (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 727-736 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum durum ; durum wheat ; drought tolerance ; germination ; seedling growth ; water stress selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A series of experiments was performed in order to evaluate the significance of seed germination and seedling growth in osmotic media as screening methods for drought tolerance. Ten spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) and one durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were tested under controlled environments, using polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) solutions as the moisture stress inducing media. Tolerance in the rate of endosperm utilization, under stress, prior to the onset of germination varied among cultivars. Germination rate or injury to germination at various concentrations of PEG differed significantly among cultivars. Cultivar rating with respect to injury to germination changed with stress levels. Injury to germination did not correlate with endosperm utilization rate in PEG or in water. Germinating seedlings were tolerant to extreme desiccation up to the stage of emergence of the first leaf from the coleoptile. Growth of photosynthesizing seedlings was monitored as they were carried through an increasing concentration gradient of PEG solutions, ranging from −5.9 to −11.3 bars of water potential. Cultivars significantly differed in seedling growth tolerance to increasing levels of water stress. Seedling growth tolerance across cultivars was not correlated with their germination responses under srress. It is concluded that tolerance to water stress in growing seedlings can be screened for by using PEG-containing nutrient solutions. It can not be predicted from germination tests in osmotica. Work was done under a US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) Grant no. 1654/78.
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    Studies on biological decomposition of wheat straw (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 55 (1980), S. 235-242 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Decomposition ; Groundnut ; Soil properties ; Wheat ; Wheat straw ; Yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The incorporation of undecomposed wheat straw in the soil along-with the micro-organisms favourably increased the yield of groundnut crop. An increase of 37 per cent in yield was recorded when wheat straw was inoculated withPenicillium digitatum and the C:P ratio was adjusted to 65. Inoculated treatments of narrower C:P ratio gave a higher yield than wider C:P ratio treatments inoculated with the same cultures. An increase in nitrogen uptake by groundnut plants was recorded due to incorporation of straw alongwith the micro-organisms in soil. The organic carbon and nitrogen content of the soil increased with all the treatments except control. The highest increase in organic carbon and nitrogen of the soil was observed with a treatment of wheat straw of 65 C:P ratio inoculated withS. coccosporum. The yield of wheat crop after groundnut was significantly more with several treatments than control plots. The highest increase of 79 per cent in grain yield of wheat was observed in the plots previouslq received with wheat straw of 200 C:P ratio.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181803
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    Growth and development of root systems of winter cereals grown after different tillage methods including direct drilling (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 55 (1980), S. 283-295 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Clay soils ; Cultivations ; Direct drilling ; Earthworms ; Root growth ; Root sampling ; Soil water content ; Soil structure ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A method is described for rapidly estimating the depth of penetration and density of roots of cereal crops under field conditions. Counts of living roots, traversing horizontal faces of soil cores, were made for winter wheat growing on direct-drilled and ploughed land. The rate of penetration of roots of winter wheat in a clay and a sandy loam soil averaged 5 mm per day throughout winters without extremes of cold or wet. Death of roots near the soil surface occurred wilst others continued downward penetration. The rate of root elongation was slower during prolonged periods when the soil was wet and faster,i.e. to greater depths, during dry conditions. Damage sustained to roots during adverse winter conditions ofter varied between direct drilling and ploughing. More roots at depth were consistently recorded on direct-drilled than on ploughed land when measured in spring after a soil water deficit had developed during the preceding month. After prolonged wet soil conditions during the winter on a soil with a large clay fraction and low hydraulic conductivity, root growth and penetration in spring, before the development of a soil water deficit, was more restricted on direct-drilled than on ploughed land.
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    The occrrence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in barley and wheat grown in some Danish soils with different fertilizer treatments (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 55 (1980), S. 403-414 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Infection intensity ; Loamy soil ; N fertilizer ; P fertilizer ; Sandy soil ; VA-mycorrhiza ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Soil samples, roots and shoots were collected from barley crops at three locations which had received different combinations of N and P for 10 years, and from long-term fertilizer experiments on barley in a sandy soil and on barley and wheat in a loamy soil. Soils were analysed for available P by an anion exchange resin procedure, roots were examined for intensity of VAM infection, and shoots wee analysed for N and P. Vesicualr-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection was found at all locations. It was most abundant at the three locations with least soil-P and lightest at the two locations high in soil-P. Within loocations an inverse relation was found between soil-P level and intensity of infection. Infection was also intensity. by increasing N-fertilizer. Spore counts from selected samples correlated well with infection intensity. Shoot-P did not differ significantly between treatments in spite of significant differences in soil-P. This points to the significance of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza: a lower soil-P level accompanied by a higher infection intensity seem to counterbalance each other to a certain extent.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182701
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    pH optima for crop growth (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 339-357 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium ; Cassava ; Chemical composition ; Control of solution pH ; Copper ; Flowing solution culture ; French bean ; Ginger ; Hydrogen ion injury ; Magnesium ; Maize ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Optimum pH range ; pH ; Plant growth ; Root weight ratio ; Tomato ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ginger, cassava, maize, wheat, french bean and tomato were grown for periods up to six weeks in continuously flowing nutrient solutions at seven constant pH values ranging from 3.3 to 8.5. All species achieved maximum or near-maximum growth in the pH range 5.5 to 6.5. However, there were substantial differences in the ability of species to grow outside this range. Ginger and cassava were the most tolerant species to low solution pH, while ginger and tomato were the only species to show no yield depression at the highest solution pH. Roots of all species at pH 3.3 and some species at pH 4.0 exhibited symptoms of hydrogen ion injury. In addition, the concentrations of magnesium in the tops of all six species, of nitrogen in the tops of tomato and cassava, and of manganese in the tops of maize at these pH values were inadequate for optimal growth. Growth depression at high solution pH was associated with iron deficiency in maize and wheat and with nitrogen and/or copper deficiency in cassava. The relevance of the present results to crop growth under field conditions is discussed. The complex interplay of plant and soil characteristics militates against precise definition of an optimum pH range for the growth of a particular crop unless the soil is also specified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181830
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  • 42
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    Effect of concentration of boron on the uptake and yield of tomato and wheat at different levels of irrigation (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 479-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Boron concentration ; Boron deficiency ; Greenhouse ; Irrigation ; Tomato ; Uptake ; Wheat ; Yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A study was conducted under greenhouse conditions to know the effects of irrigation levels on the uptake of B by wheat and tomato at different levels of B concentrations. The uptake was found to increase with increase in concentrations as well as with increase in amount of water applied. The highest yield of tomato was obtained at 1.5 ppm of B, whereas that of wheat was obtained at 3 ppm of B at the highest level of irrigation. The boron uptake by tomato and wheat is a function of both boron concentration in the soil and the amount of irrigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181840
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the concentration of acetic acid in straw and soil (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 56 (1980), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetic acid ; Barley ; Diffusion ; Silt loam ; Straw ; Water absorption ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Freshly harvested wheat straw contained 0.096 g water g−1 dry straw and 180 mM acetic acid. The straw absorbed water more rapidly from wet soil. The concentration of acetic acid fell to about 10 mM within 6 h of incorporation of straw in the soil and then remained relatively constant for a period of 12 days, irrespective of soil moisture content. In soil at its maximum water holding capacity after gravitational drainage, the decline in acetic acid concentration (c) with distance (d) from wheat or barley straw was exponential, with c=co e−nd where co is the concentration of acetic acid at the straw surface and n is a constant (0.46 for barley and 0.42 for wheat straw). The presence of acetic acid seems to be a major cause of poor establishment and growth when seeds and seedling roots come into contact with straw.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197956
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free proline accumulation in cereals in relation to salt tolerance (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Accumulation ; Barley ; Cations ; Electrical conductivity ; K/Na ratio ; Proline ; Saline water ; Stress ; Tolerance ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a micro-plot experiment it was observed that free proline accumulation in barley and wheat crops increased with the salt stress. But in sensitive strains of both the crops it did not accumulate in accordance with the preceding values after their tolerance limit and at this point yield of barley was reduced by 25.8% and wheat by 23.2% over control while significant yield reductions were not observed with tolerant strains. Proline accumulation was also found to be related to tissue K/Na ratio and the critical limits of this ratio were observed between 0.60 and 0.34 for barley and 4.2 and 1.4 for wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02211676
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminium effects on growth and Al, Ca, Mg, K and P levels in triticale, wheat and rye (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 467-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aluminum concentration ; Aluminum toxicity ; Calcium ; Magnesium ; Nutrient solution ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Triticale ; Rye ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of A1 on the growth and mineral composition of different cultivars of triticale (X Triticosecale, Wittmack), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) growing in 1/5 strength Steinberg solutions containing 0 or 6 ppm A1 were evaluated after 32 days. Aluminum increased the concentrations of P and K in the roots and K in the tops of most of the cultivars tested. A1 tolerant triticale retained a lower concentration of Mg in the roots and tops than the A1 sensitive triticale, when subjected to A1 stress. In addition, A1 treatments resulted in smaller increases in root P for the A1 tolerant triticale than for the A1 sensitive cultivars. The concentration of root Ca and P of the A1 tolerant wheat cultivars were significantly below that of the more sensitive plants. Aluminum tolerance in rye appeared to be associated with lower Ca and higher Mg concentrations in the tops. The accumulation of P and A1 in the roots was characteristic of sensitivity in triticale, wheat and rye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02211704
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wheat root distribution in sodic soils (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 57 (1980), S. 487-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Exchangeable sodium percentage ; Restricted root growth ; Sodic ; Soil ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Greenhouse experiment conducted on Ghabdan loam (a Salic Natraqualf), varying in ESP distribution of soil profile showed that wheat roots could develop having an ESP of 45. Above an ESP of 51 absolutely no root growth was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02211708
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