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  • Articles  (844)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (844)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Cell Press
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (844)
  • 1980  (844)
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (844)
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  • Articles  (844)
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  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (844)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stand der Texaco-Kohlevergasung in der Ruhrchemie/Ruhrkohle-Variante (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 12-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ruhrchemie/Ruhrkohle variant of the Texaco coal gasification process - a status report. In pilot operation since January 1978, the Ruhrkohle/Ruhrchemie variant of the Texaco coal gasification process has produced a total of 20 million mN3 of synthesis gas having an average composition of 46% CO, 34% H2, 19% CO2, 0.3% H2S, 0.6% N2, and 0.1% CH4 from ca. 12 000 tonnes of coal. As the first of the „second generation“ coal gasification processes, the Texaco process has proved itself capable of gasifying pulverized coal of all grades at high temperatures and pressures. The next goal is an increase in capacity from that of the demonstration plant at Oberhausen-Holten (12 000 mN3/h) to ca. 100 000 mN3/h.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520105
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lacke und Lösemittel - Eigenschaften, Herstellung, Verarbeitung. Von U. Biethan u. a., Verlag Chemie GmbH, Weinheim - New York 1979. 1. Aufl., XII, 180 S., 19 Abb., 22 Tab., Ln., DM 47, - (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 45-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520109
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verbrennung von explosiblem Betriebsabgas und leichtsiedenden organischen VerunreinigungenKurzfassung eines Vortrags auf dem Jahrestreffen 1979 der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 51-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Abscheidung von Nebeltröpfchen an Glasfritten (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 75-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Tröpfchen-Abscheidung ; Filterkerzen ; Glasfritten ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520122
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Messung von Blasengrößenverteilungen in Fermentationsmedien mittels einer photoelektrischen SondenmethodeVortrag von P. Weiland auf dem 2. BMFT-Statusseminar „Bioverfahrenstechnik“, 2. bis 4. Mai 1979 in Jülich. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 72-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Blasengrößenverteilung ; Phasengrenzfläche ; Gasgehalt ; Stoffübergang ; Airlift-Fermenter ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520121
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vermischung in flüssigkeitspulsierten SiebbodenextraktionskolonnenVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. Vorläufiger Abschluß des von der AIF geförderten Forschungsvorhabens „Maßstabsvergrößerung von flüssigkeitsgepulsten Siebboden-Extraktionskolonnenß. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 81-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Extraktion ; Verweilzeit-Verteilung ; Vermischung ; pulsierte Siebbodenkolonne ; Fluiddynamik ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520125
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of Industrial Chemical Reactors from Laboratory Data. Von. J. Horák und J. Pašek. Verlag Heyden & Son GmbH, Rheine 1978. 395 S., zahlr. Abb., geb., DM 51, - (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 87-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520129
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-Liquid-Solid Reactor Design. Von Y. T. Shah. McGraw-Hill Book Company GmbH, Düsseldorf - New York 1979. 1. Aufl., X, 373 S., zahlr. Abb. u. Tab. Ln., DM 92,40 (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 98-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analyse der potentiellen Explosionswirkung von kurzzeitig in die Atmosphäre freigesetzten Brenngasmengen. Teil I: Gesetze der Wolkenausbreitung und -deflagration aus Berstversuchen an Modellbehältern (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 114-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Explosion hazard analysis of inflammable gas released spontaneously into the atmosphere. The processes of flash evaporation, atmospheric vapour cloud formation ignition and explosion after the bursting of vessels containing liquefied gas have been studied by model experiments with propylene heated up to 70°C and pressurized to 60 bar. The experiments have shown that a blast wave with considerable peak pressure in the vicinity of the vessel is produced already by flash expansion of the propylene. The experimentally determined decrease of peak pressure with growing distance could be scaled up to vessels of arbitrary size and different propylene temperatures. Scaling laws could be established as well for the calculation of peak pressure and positive pressure duration of the deflagration wave as functions of released mass and distance. The experiments have not revealed any evidence of a detonation process even when the cloud was ignited by an explosive charge.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520206
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Aspects of the Separation of Reacting Ethylene-Polyethylene Mixtures in the Industrial Production of Low Density PolyethylenePaper presented at Symposium “Advances in Separation Science”, September 1978, Trieste, Italy. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 149-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520210
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydraulisches Verhalten und Stoffübergang in Extraktionskolonnen mit geordneten Füllkörpern (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 170-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Füllkörperkolonne ; Stoffübergang ; Hydraulik ; Extraktion ; Grenzbelastung ; Hold-up ; Tropfendurchmesser ; Phasengrenzfläche ; Stoffübergangskoeffizient ; Rohrkolonne ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520219
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Auslegungsversuche und Maßstabsübertragung bei DekanternNach einem Vortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 178-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Dekantierzentrifugen ; Versuchsbedingungen ; Scaleup ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520223
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wärme- und Stoffübertragung in der WirbelschichtVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 199-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Heat and mass transfer in fluidized beds. Methods of calculation are presented which enable reasonably accurate prediction of heat and mass transfer coefficients in fluidized beds. Some well established equations already given in the literature could be used for estimating the range of existence of the fluidized bed and for calculating maximum fluidization velocities, bed expansion, and particle-to-fluid heat and mass transfer. However, a new model had to be developed for the wall-to-bed heat transfer from solid surfaces immersed in fluidized beds. This model makes use of some basic ideas adopted from the kinetic theory of gases in order to describe the mechanism of energy transfer through the moving particles. Predictions with this new model are in good agreement with most of the experimental observations, particularly regarding the effects of particle diameter, temperature, pressure, physical properties of gas and particles, and gas velocity.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520303
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kontakttrocknung von Granulaten im VakuumVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 244-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520308
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vermeidung von Leckströmungen in Rohrbündelwärmeaustauschern (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 249-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520311
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Leistungs-, Suspendier- und Überflutungscharakteristik in gerührten, begasten SuspensionsreaktorenVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 257-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Rühren ; Reaktor ; Dispergieren ; Leistungscharakteristik ; Suspendiercharakteristik ; Überflutungscharakteristik ; gerührte ; begaste Suspensionsreaktoren ; Leistungsbedarf ; Dreiphasen-system ; Dreiphasenreaktor ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520314
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluiddynamik und Stoffübergang in einem Airlift-Schlaufenreaktor mit äußerem UmlaufAuszugsweise vorgetragen auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 264-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Airlift-Schlaufenreaktor ; Gasgehalt ; Stoffübergang ; Längsvermischung ; Mischzeit ; Umlaufgeschwindigkeit ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520318
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Begasen von Flüssigkeiten durch einen selbstansaugenden RührerVorgetragen von I. G. Rácz auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. September 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 274-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Begasen ; Belüften ; selbstansaugender Rührer ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520322
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flockungsreifezeit und mechanische Stabilität geflockter Klärschlämme. Meßmethoden und Bedeutung für die maschinelle SchlammentwässerungVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 282-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Schlammentwässerung ; Schlammcharakterisierung ; Flockungsmittel ; Flockungsreaktion ; Flockungsreaktoren ; Entwässerungsmaschinen ; Siebtrommeln ; Kammerfilterpressen ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520326
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  • 20
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    Electronic Resource
    Einfluß der Umgebungsfeuchte auf die PartikelhaftungVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 27. bis 29. Sept. 1978 in Aachen. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 451-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520525
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultane Entfernung von SO2 und NOx unter den Bedingungen der Rauchgasreinigung von KraftwerkenVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. September 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 456-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Rauchgasentschwefelung ; NOx-Reduktion ; Adsorption ; heterogene Katalyse ; Aktivkoks ; Schwefeldioxid ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520529
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  • 22
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    Zur Ermittlung der Trennkurve - Fehleranalyse und FehlerverbesserungEin diese Arbeit sowie (1) zusammenfassender Vortrag (2) wurde auf dem 2. Europäischen Symposium „Partikelmeßtechnik“, 24. bis 26. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg, gehalten. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 466-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Trennkurve ; Differenzenformel ; Fehleranalyse ; Meßwertausgleich ; Fehlerabschätzung ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520534
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  • 23
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    Inertisierung von Behältern unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Eintrags von Schüttgut (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 472-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Sicherheit ; Explosionsschutz ; Sauerstoff ; Inertgas ; Sp¨lung ; Behälter ; Druckwechsel ; Durchströmung ; Schiittgüt ; Eintrag ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520537
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  • 24
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    Methanisierung kohlenmonoxidreicher Gase beim Energie-Transport (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 504-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methanization of carbon monoxide-rich gases for energy-transport. The partners of the NFE project (Nukleare Fernenergie, Remote nuclear energy) - Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH (Germany) and Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke AG, Köln (Germany) - in collaboration with Haldor Topsøe A/S, Copenhagen (Denmark), have investigated various problems of the methanization of synthesis gases rich in carbon monoxide. Preliminary results obtained from trial operations with the pilot-scale methanization plant ADAM I at KFR Jülich and from the catalyst-development project at Haldor Topsøe A/S are reported. A detailed account is given of the catalyst investigations carried out on the Haldor Topsøe pilot plant for the further development of the TREMP process for SNG manufacture and of the complementary catalyst investigation in the NFE project at the Union Rheinische Braunkohlen Kraftstoff AG and the Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH for the optimization of the methanization process in the remote energy system EVA-ADAM. In the pilot plant ADAM I, a three-stage methanization process with product gas recycling and maximum temperature of 600 °C utilizing synthesis gas from methane vapour reforming (EVA) has been demonstrated for the first time. In further experiments to be carried out with ADAM I the influence of operating irregularities on the behaviour of the methanization plant and the dynamics of the remote energy system will be investigated, data for the preparation of mathematical models collected, new components tested, and the process of methanization optimized.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520605
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  • 25
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    Statische Mischer mit großer AnpassungsfähigkeitVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 520-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520608
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  • 26
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    Einfluß der Rührleistung auf die Korngröße in gekühlten Leitrohr-KristallisatorenVortrag von W. F. Beer auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. Sept. 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 533-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chargenkristallisation ; Kühlungskristallisation ; Leitrohr-Rührwerkskristallisator ; Korngrößenverteilung ; mittlerer Korndurchmesser ; Kornform ; sekundäre Keimbildung ; Maßstabsvergrößerung ; Kaliumchlorid ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520612
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  • 27
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    Die Entfeuchtung feindisperser Feststoffe in VollmantelschneckenzentrifugenVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 26. bis 28. September 1979 in Nürnberg. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 542-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Vollmantelschneckenzentrifuge ; Entfeuchtung ; Restfeuchte ; Dimensionierung ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520617
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    Masthead (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520701
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    Fraktionierte KristallisationVortrag auf der GVC-Vortragsveranstaltung „Kristallisation - Grundlagen und Fortschritte“ am 3./4. Dez. 1979 in Düsseldorf. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 562-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fractional crystallization. The operations of fractional crystallization, comprising at least a single crystallizing and remelting (redissolution) step, differ from each other in the number of the realized theoretical stages and the method of separating the crystallisate and residual melt or mother liquor. Fractional crystallization from solutions resemble liquid-liquid extraction, but fractional crystallization from melts is similar to rectification. There is a choice between operations with a series of temperature-controlled vessels and counter-current operations. Many fractional crystallizers are purifiers for high qualities; crystals generally exist only within them apparatus.
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    Grundlagenuntersuchungen und verfahrens-technische Vorschläge zum Einsatz von geschmolzenen Metallcarbonaten zur Abgas-EntschwefelungAuszug aus der von der RWTH Aachen genehmigten Dr.-Ing.-Dissertation von W. Dickhaus, Aachen 1979. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 588-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520709
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    Herstellung von Methyl-tert.-butylether aus der C4-Fraktion der Benzin-Pyrolyse (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 594-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520712
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    Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection, Vol. 1, Part 3 +4 (Aldehydes and Ketones, Ethers). Von J. Gmehling, U. Onken und W. Arlt, herausgeg. im Auftrag der DECHEMA von D. Behrens und R. Eckermann. DECHEMA, Frankfurt/M. 1979.1. Aufl., XXVII, 624 S., Ln., DM 168,- (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 685-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520827
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    The Effect of Electrode Roughness and the Ratio of Anode to Cathode Area on the Performance of an Undivided Hypochlorite Cell (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 762-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Brine electrolysis ; undivided electrochemical reactors ; anode-cathode ratios ; hypochlorite ; roughness ; electrodes ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520920
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    Zuverlassigkeit von Chemieanlagen. Herausgeg. von G. Gruhn und V. V. Kafarow. VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig/DDR1979.1.Aufl., 256S., 116Abb., 45Tab., Ln., DM42,- (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 776-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330520925
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    Hydrierende Vergasung von Kohle (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 794-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330521004
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    Lehrbuch der technischen Chemie. Von einem Autorenkollektiv der Technischen Hochschule Carl Schorlemmer, Leuna-Merseburg. VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstofindustrie, DDR-Leipzig 1979. 2. erweit. Aufl., 432 S., 215 Abb., 69 Übersichten, 66 Tab., geb., DM 48. - (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 808-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330521006
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    Selektive Umwandlung von Methanol in C2 - bis C5-Olefine an Zeolith-Katalysatoren (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 816-818 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330521010
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    Systematische Planung von Anlagen der Verfahrenstechnik. Von O. Reichert. Carl Hanser Verlag, München - Wien 1979. 1. Aufl., XVI, 458 S., 197 Abb., 54 Tab., geb., DM 68, -. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 830-830 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330521015
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    Ein physikalisches Modell der axialen Flüssigphase-Durchmischung für Blasensäulen im heterogenen Strömungszustand (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 838-839 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Blasensäule ; Dispersionsmodell ; Flüssigphase-Durchmischung ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330521018
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    Verbesserte Kostenschätzungen durch Anwendung von Mengen- und Mannstunden-VerhältniszahlenVortrag auf der “International Conference of the American Association of Cost Engineers” in Boston/Mass. 1976. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 880-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Improved cost factor estimation with quantity and man-hour ratios. Present-day cost estimation on a multi-currency basis is becoming more and more complex due to the wild and frequent fluctuations of exchange rates and different inflationary trends in various countries. The preparation of comparatively accurate preliminary cost estimates, based on world-wide procurement, overseas construction and engineering, became a major problem for companies like badger with international activities. To maintain an acceptable degree of accuracy, the traditional method of cost factor estimation has to be supplemented with a quantity and man-hour ratio method. Basically, costs are related to quantities; therefore cost ratios can be converted into quantity ratios. Man-hour ratios originate from the existing relationship between quantities, material costs, and field man-hours to install these quantities. In this article the value of the Quantity Ratio Method as a tool in these unstable times will be stressed, as well as the added advantages it offers with regard to better cost control and communication.
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    Tritium-Anreicherung durch Isotopen-Austausch zwischen Wasserstoff und Wasser mittels hydrophoben Katalysators für die Kernbrennstoff-Wiederaufbereitung (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 892-895 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330521107
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    Large-scale preparation of a lectin from sunn hemp seeds (Crotalaria juncea) (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 79-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A procedure for large-scale preparation of a lectin from Crotalaria juncea seeds is described. The method involve fractionation by pH- and ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by biospecific affinity chromatography. The adsorbent used for the affinity chromatography was prepared by coupling galactose to Sepharose 6B activated with divinylsulfone. A comparison of different apparatus and techniques involved in the preparation is discussed. The yield and quality of the lectin prepared at a large scale were comparable with laboratory-scale preparation. From 50 kg Crotalaria juncea beans, 14.4 g Crotalaria lectin were obtained.
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    Model of growth and ergot alkaloid production by Claviceps purpurea (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 255-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A growth model for Claviceps purpurea in submerged batch culture is presented. In developing the model, the basic principles of the growth and the morphological properties of C. purpurea are considered. The growth of C. purpurea is assumed to occur in a three-step manner; the first step involves the assimilation and the growth of cells; the second one involves cell division, and the third one involves transformation of the mature cells to a state where they have no ability to divide but do have the ability to produce ergot alkaloids and then they gradually die. Inorganic phosphate is assumed to be the limiting substrate for the first and the second steps in conditions of carbon source being in excess. The model constants are determined by model simulation and graphical searching techniques to find the minimum value of the absolute difference between the experimental and the simulated curves for biomass, alkaloids, and sucrose.
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    Immobilization of β-galactosidase and other enzymes onto p-amino-carbanilated cellulose derivatives (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 311-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: β-Galactosidase and other enzymes were immobilized on p-amino-carbanilated derivatives of cellulose and methylol cellulose using the diazo method and through glutaraldehyde. The optimum conditions for coupling cellulose tri-(p-amino-carbanilate) (CTAC) to β-galactosidase were established. The diazo coupling method with CTAC gave greater activity than with glutaraldehyde when coupled to β-galactosidase (Escherichia coli). The stability of the CTAC-β-galactosidase system was examined. The disubstituted p-amino-carbanilate derivative (CDAC) gave a lower activity, whereas the methylol analog (MCTAC) gave slightly greater activity. The CTAC was also used to immobilize glucose oxidase, trypsin, pepsin, and papain.
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    Hydrophobic chromatography of β-galactosidase (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 377-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The hydrophobic interaction of β-galactosidase with Sepharose 4B substituted with 3,3′-diaminodipropylamine was studied in both batch and column experiments. The equilibrium and the binding rate constants were determined for different phosphate buffer concentrations. The equilibrium constants exhibit a hysteresis effect, i.e., desorption constants are less than adsorption constants, and the higher the ionic strength to start the desorption, the larger the effect. The rate data are not satisfactorily described by a simple reversible first-order model. The column chromatographic data are semiquantitatively described by a local equilibrium theory without axial dispersion or intraparticle diffusion.
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    Enzyme formation during solid-substrate fermentation in rotating vessels (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 411-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aspergillus awamori NRRL 4869 was cultured on the solid substrate, wheat bran, in a modified Rollacell apparatus to produce α-galactosidase and invertase. The swivel cap on the elongated bottle permits the introduction of air while the bottle rotates. Parameters of air flow rate (0.05-0.2 liter/kg/min), rpm (0.15-15 rpm), and weight of solids (150 and 300 g) were varied. At low air flow rates (0.05 liter/kg solid/min), α-galactosidase production was minimal independent of the rotation rate. At 0.15 rpm and 0.2 liter/kg solids/min air flow rate, invertase production ceased after five days; whereas α-galactosidase production continued. The modified Rollacell can be a useful apparatus for studying solid-substrate cultures.
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    Temperature and pH dependence of mold α-galactosidase (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 505-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of temperature and pH on kinetic behavior of α-galactosidase of Mortierella vinacea was investigated on the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside (PNPG). A very unusual kinetic behavior was observed for the soluble α-galactosidase i.e., substrate inhibition diminished gradually with increasing temperature or near the neutral pH range, and the kinetics approached the ordinary Michaelis-Menten (MM) type. On the other hand, with decreasing temperature or in acidic pH range, substrate inhibition was accelerated. Therefore, Arrhenius plots based on the initial reaction rate did not give straight lines. Furthermore, the slope in the Arrhenius plot changed with substrate concentration, which would make the determination of a characteristic value using conventional methods meaningless. However, the Arrhenius plots of individual kinetic parameters in the rate equation resulted in straight lines in the temperature range 15 to 50°C. From this, the drastic change in kinetic behavior could be explained in connection with the temperature and pH dependence of kinetic parameters in the model. For mold pellets (whole-cell enzyme), however, the influence of temperature and pH was less apparent than that of soluble enzyme because of the limitation in intraparticle diffusion. By using the rate equation that was determined for soluble enzyme and the theoretically derived effectiveness factor, the overall reaction rate for mold pellets at various temperature and pH could be predicted to some extent.
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    Optimization of the production of progesterone 11α-hydroxylase by Rhizopus nigricans (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 555-570 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The progesterone 11α-hydroxylase of Rhizopus nigricans ATCC 6227b is an inducible enzyme system that is primarily induced by its substrate progesterone. Maximum induction was found at a progesterone concentration of 0.5 g/liter or above. Oxygen is the other substrate for the hydroxylation and this was found to have a major effect on the amounts of hydroxylase synthesized. Optimum induction of the hydroxylase in a fermentation with a 3.1 m/sec impeller tip speed was found to occur at a dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) of 10% of air saturation. The agitation rate also effects the amount of hydroxylase synthesized with an apparent maximum at 3.1 m/sec impeller tip speed. The DOT for a maximum hydroxylation rate was much higher than for enzyme synthesis so that it was preferable to increase the DOT after induction was completed.
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    Growth of yeast on n-alkanes. II. Batch experiments (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 615-637 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this paper the results of the Monte Carlo simulations as described in an earlier paper are compared with those of batch experiments. A number of batch experiments were carried out at a low inoculation rate so that only a fraction of the oil drops were inoculated. Under these conditions the effect of the segregation of the oil phase is more clearly demonstrated. Special attention is paid to the preparation of actively growing yeast cells with which the cultures is inoculated. Also a method is developed to estimate the amount of actively growing cells with which the culture is inoculated. The other parameters necessary for the Monte Carlo simulation are measured in separate experiments: the maximum growth rate of the cells, oil drop size, and the drop parameters. Finally the growth curves (measured in the batch experiments) are compared with those calculated with the Monte Carlo procedure. A good agreement is found.
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    Mechanism of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose: Effects of major structural features of cellulose on enzymatic hydrolysis (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 177-199 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The susceptibility of cellulose to enzymatic hydrolysis is affected by the structural features of cellulosic materials. It has been suggested that the crystallinity and surface area of cellulose fibers are the most important structural features in this regard. This study investigated in depth the relative effects of these two structural features upon the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and the change of the structural parameters of cellulose during the course of hydrolysis. It was found that the hydrolysis rate is mainly dependent upon the fine structural order of cellulose which can best be represented by the crystallinity rather than the simple surface area. Monitoring the changes in the structural parameters during the course of reaction showed that surface area is not a major limiting factor that slows hydrolysis in its late stages as has been suggested. This information concerning structural features is used to elucidate the mode of action of cellulase.
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    Simple device for the spectrophotometric assay of immobilized enzymesThis work was presented at the September 30, 1977 meeting of the New Mexico Academy of Science at Silver City, New Mexico. (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 227-229 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Reactivation of “irreversibly” denaturated enzymes (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 247-251 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220121
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    Growth energetics in the production of bacterial single cell protein from Methanol (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 353-362 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bacteria grown on methanol exhibit a poor efficiency of energy conservation, which is mainly due to the low P/O ratio of 1 associated with methanol oxidation. Thermodynamic considerations indicate that a P/O ratio of at least 2 is possible for this step in substrate oxidation. This low efficiency of energy conservation is reflected in the yield values on methanol, which are very important in the consideration of biomass production from methanol. Unfortunately in continuous culture there is no obvious way to select for organisms with a greater efficiency of energy conservation.
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    Growth and anthocyanin production by carrot suspension cultures grown under chemostat conditions with phosphate as the limiting nutrient (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 337-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chemostat cultures of carrot suspension cultures, where growth was limited by the concentration of phosphate in the input medium, were achieved by replacing a fixed proportion of the culture with fresh medium at daily intervals. In the range 0.05-0.30mM phosphate in the input medium and at a specific growth rate of 0.357 days-1, steady-state culture density but not anthocyanin in the cells was strictly proportional to the input phosphate concentration with no intercept. At a phosphate concentration of 0.10mM and growth rates from 0.105 to 0.430 days-1, the steady-state culture density could not be described by Monod's model of chemostat cultures, but could be described by Nyholm's model. The steady-state levels of anthocyanin were not strictly proportional to the steady-state biomass under all conditions, showing that anthocyanin production is not completely growth associated.
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    Growth kinetics under adenine-limiting conditions of Bacillus subtilis KYA 741, an adenine-requiring strain (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 401-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The growth kinetics of Bacillus subtilis KYA 741, an adenine-requiring strain, was investigated under adenine-limiting conditions. The concentration of adenine (the limiting substrate for cell growth) in the culture filtrate remained constant during the stationary phase. In this phase, DNA turnover was active and the DNA content per cell was constant throughout the cultivation period. When cells were transferred to medium without adenine, the cell concentration began to decrease immediately and then reached a constant level due to the supply of adenine from lysing to growing cells. The rates of degradation of cells and DNA were both found to be 0.2 hr-1. An equation for cell growth in this pseudostationary phase was obtained by combining Contois' equation, in which the apparent saturation constant was a function of the cell concentration, with a term for cell degradation. This equation satisfactorily expressed the feature of cell growth and adenine consumption by B. subtilis KYA 741 under adenine-limiting conditions.
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    Enzymatic biosynthesis of cephalexin (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1237-1247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The reaction kinetics of the enzymatic of cephalexin from 7-aminodea-cetoxy cephalosporanic acid and phenylglycine methylester was studied using the synthesizing enzyme obtained from Xanthomonas citri. The activation energy, Km value for 7-aminodeacetoxy cephalosporanic acid and phenylglycine methylester, and Ki value for phenylglycine methylester were determined as 8.63 kcal/mol, 3.7mM, 14.5mM, and 70mM, respectively. The enzyme was found to be constitutive and susceptible to deactivation.
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    Introduction (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1295-1296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220702
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    Estimation of diffusion coefficients of proteins (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 947-955 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A correlation for estimating the diffusion coefficients of protein molecules is presented. The correlation is based upon literature values of the protein diffusion coefficients and molal volumes for 143 proteins. The correlation can be used for the estimation of diffusion coefficients using only molecular weight. Accuracy is such that a linear regression on 301 proteins showed 75% of the diffusion coefficients estimated fell within 20% of the experimental values. The relationship between this correlation, the Stokes-Einstein equation, and the Wilke-Chang correlation is discussed.
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    Surface aeration in a small, agitated, and sparged vessel (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 981-993 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In a recent publication, a technique was outlined for measuring surface aeration rates in an agitated vessels while sparging, and it was shown that surface aeration rates fall rapidly with increasing sparge rates. That work was conducted in a 0.61 m diam vessels. The work reported here was done in a small vessel (0.22 m diam) where surface aeration has been reported to be of particular significance. In general, the results obtained in the small vessel confirmed those in the large one and in addition were generally in good agreement with those recently published elsewhere for an almost identical geometry. For typical practical power inputs and sparge rates, the rate of surface aeration was never more than 20% of the sparge rate and generally less than 5%. These results indicate that surface aeration is of considerably less importance than has generally been believed following the findings of workers who estimated its effect by comparing KLa values under unsparged conditions with those when sparging.
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    Enhancement of cellulose accessibility and enzymatic hydrolysis by simultaneous wet milling (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1025-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It has been shown that the rate of enzymatic saccharification of cellulosic materials including “pure” cellulose (Whatman CF-11 cellulose), newsprint, lignocellulose (prehydrolyzed to remove hemicelluloses), and wood can be substantially increased by simultaneous wet milling. An enhanced hydrolysis rate was sustained above that observed for ball milling: providing a more extensive saccharification. The cellulosic substrates were wet milled with a variety of grinding elements, such as sand, glass beads, and stainless-steel beads, agitated in a shaker bath. Simultaneous hydrolysis was achieved with a 2% substrate slurry in a 0.1M acetate buffer at 45°C and pH 5. The effectiveness of this process was dependent upon the lignified matrix of the cellulose microfibrils, the grinding elements, and the oscillation frequency of the shaker bath. Wet milling “pure” cellulose for 48 hr, with 3.5 mm glass beads and 200 oscillations/min (opm), yielded 1031 mg reducing sugar/g substrates (93% saccharification) as compared to 483 mg (44%) for the ball-milled sample and 253 mg (23%) for the unmilled material. With the lignified substrates stainless-steel beads (3.5 mm) were more effective than glass. For lignocellulose 529 mg sugar/g substrate (93% saccharification) could be obtained by wet milling with cellulase for 24 hr. This was about three times greater than that of the ball milled (169 mg, 30%) and 10 times greater than that of the unmilled (52 mg, 9%) substrates. The method was also effective for wood particles (60 mesh) giving 143 mg sugar/g wood (approximately 38% saccharification) in 48 hr, whereas the ball-milled sample gave only 79 mg (21%) and the unmlilled substrate 38 mg (10%). These observations can be explained on the basis of the current crystalline theory for the morphology of the cellulosic microfibrils. The advantage of wet milling and simultaneous hydrolysis apparently depends on a continuous generation of accessible sites and sustained rapid hydrolysis rate as the saccharification proceeds, where in the pretreated substrates the hydrolysis rate slow down as the active sites are reduced.
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220601
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    Purification and immobilization of Aspergillus niger β-xylosidase (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1127-1142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: β-Xylosidase from a commercial Aspergillus niger preparation was purified by differential ammonium sulfate precipitation and either gel permeation or cation exchange chromatography, giving 16-fold purification in 32% yield for the first technique or 27-fold purification in 19% yield for the second. The second method in addition almost completely removed interfering β-glucosidase activity. Enzymes prepared by this method was immobilized to 10 different carriers, but only when it was bound to alumina with TiCl4 and to alkylamine porous silica with glutaraldehyde were substantial efficiencies and stabilities achieved. With alumina, the variation of activation procedure, amount of β-xylosidase offered, and activation solution composition yielded maximum activities of over 40 U/g with approximately 70% immobilization efficiency. Variation of binding pH and incubation time led to a maximum immobilized activity of 1.3 U/g with 78% immobilization efficiency on silica.
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    Immobilized yeast cells with methanol oxidase activity: Preparation and enzymatic properties (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1155-1173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cells form the yeast Hansenula polymorpha (ATCC 26012) were successfully immobilized by entrapment in a polyacrylamide gel. The resulting gel showed high methanol oxidase activity especially after treatment with a detergent (CTAB). The enzymatic properties of the gel-entrapped cell were not very different from that of the soluble enzyme except that no inhibition was observed at high methanol concentration. In continuous reactors, the gel-entrapped cells showed a much higher stability than other enzyme preparations. The inactivation mechanism was investigated and proved to be the oxidation of essential SH group(s) of the methanol oxidase molecule by hydrogen peroxide. Treatment with β-mercaptoethanol prevented inactivation or regenerated activity.
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    Polymethylglutamate as a new matrix for covalently immobilized enzymes: Preparation and properties of urease and uricase (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1225-1235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Polymethylglutamate (PMG), a synthetic polypeptide, was used as a new carrier to immobilize urease (EC 3.5.1.5) and uricase (EC 1.7.3.3) by the azide method. The enzymes could be immobilized onto PMG in various forms, such as film, fiber, coating on various beads, and a silicon tube. The retained activities of the immobilized enzymes were excellent (more than 95%), therefore it was possible to immobilized almost all activities of the enzymes added in the coupling mixtures. Heat stabilities of the resulting immobilized enzymes were markedly improved, while the optimal pH and Km values remained almost unchanged. The urease immobilized on the PMG-coated glass beads packed in a column, was found to retain its activity more than 80% of the initial value, even after the occasional use for a year. In view of the improved retained activities and stabilities of the immobilized enzymes, PMG may therefore be a very versatile matrix for the immobilized enzymes.
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    Microcalorimetry of microorganism metabolism of monosaccharides and simple aromatic compounds (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1249-1269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Heat conduction solution enable rapid determination of the heats of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of substrate by microorganisms. Aliquots of 1.0 ml cell suspension, 5 × 109 cell/ml, were mixed with a few dozen nmol substrate contained in 0.5 ml, under a controlled atmosphere of air, O2, or N2. At these substrate concentration, with adapted microorganisms, metabolism and its heat generation are usually complete within 300 to 600 sec. The raw data yield ΔHapp values. The ΔHapp were determined in the range 0.001 to 0.010% substrate, and extrapolated (limit substrate concentration →0), to yield Δ0H̄, the limiting differential molar heat of metabolism. The Δ0H̄ values express the heat generated when there is rapid metabolism but little new growth, minimal contribution by H+ transfer from metabolites, and maintenance of aerobicity or anaerobicity as specified. Escherichiacoli B/5 was used for aerobic and anaerobic combustion of eight sugars. Pseudomonas multivorans, and an Acinetobacter, strain B-1, were used for aerobic metabolism of benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and a methylnaphthalene. The larger heats of combustion of the hydrocarbons enable the use of aqueous solutions of hydrocarbons well below their solubility limits. The quotient Δ0H̄/n (n = atoms carbon/molecule substrate) varies from (-)36 to (-)67 kcal/mol carbon for the sugars. The most reduced sugar yields the largest exothermic heats. The quotient varies from (-)27 to (-)81 kcal/mol carbon for the aromatic hydrocarbons. Comparison of the calorimetric heats of metabolism of those from total aerobic combustion in aquo (where available) give measure of the efficiencies with which the heat contents of the aqueous substrate are used by the bacteria.
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    Bacillus sphaericus for the control of mosquitoes (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1335-1355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: From 1972 to 1977 a large laboratory effort was devoted to determining data on efficacy, safety, environmental impact (on nontarget organisms), and some preliminary field work using several isolates of Bacillus sphaericus. The B. sphaericus strains were found to be specific in their mosquito larvicidal activity, not causing mammalian toxicity nor apparent perturbation of the environment. During this period several fermentation and industrialization problems were investigated so that by 1978, using new strains and cultures, it was possible to have prepared kilogram amounts of an active dry stable powder, of strain 1593, for field evaluation. These field evolution. These field evaluations are presently still in progress. Control has been seen particularly against Culex, Anopheles, and Psorophora species, with some what less control aganst Aedes species. Unlike the agriculturally oriented Bacillus thuringiensis candidates, B. sphaericus bacterial cell, which is digested in the larval midgut (within a peritrophic membrane), releasing a toxin as early as 15 min after ingestion. Subsequent death of the larva ensues. Recent evidence suggests that applied B. sphaericus powder will survive in aquatic situations (ditches, ponds, and tree holes) for at least nine month. Comparisons of the B. sphaeicus strains with recently isolated strains of B. thuringiensis (var. israelensis), the latter being particularly active against Aedes species, indicates that they may be useful complements of each other in overall mosquito control strategies. The recent isolation of several new strains of B. thuringiensis, from WHO-CCBC accessions from Roumania, indicate that although the B. thuringiensis isolate is a rare event when compared to the occurrence of B. sphaericus isolates (they usually occur together in accessions from which B. thuringiensis is isolated), several new useful strains of B. thuringiensis should be anticipated. The longevity of the B. thuringiensis strains in the wild has not yet been investigated.
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    Partial acid hydrolysis of cellulosic materials as a pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1449-1463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Partial acid hydrolysis was studied as a per treatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis, such a pretreatment was carried out in a continuous flow reactor on oak corn Stover, newsprint, and Solka Floc at temperatures ranging from 160 to 220°C, acid concentration ranging from 0 to 1.2%, and a fixed treatment time of 0.22 min. The resulting slurries and solids were than hydrolyzed with Trichoderma ressei QM 9414 cellulase at 50°C for 48 hr. For all substrates except Solka Floc, increased glucose yields were achieved during enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated materials as compared to hydrolysis of the original substrate. In several cases, after pretreatment, 100° of the potential glucose content of the substrate was converted to glucose after 24hr of enzymatic hydrolysis. It is felt that the increased glucose yields achieved after this pretreatment are due to acid's removal of hemicellulose, reduced degree of polymerization, and possibly due to a change in the crystal structure of the cellulose.
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    Enzymatic modification of vegetable protein: Mechanism, kinetics, and production of soluble and partially soluble protein in a batch reactor (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1543-1565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble soybean protein by a protease enzyme produced by Penicillium duponti K 1104, was investigated in a batch reactor. The reaction conditions were 30-55°C and pH 3.4-3.7. The mechanism of solubilization of the insoluble protein by the Penicillium duponti enzyme was deduced from a series of experiments. Kinetic models were developed that involved adsorption followed by peptic digestion of protein, inhibition of low-molecular-weight peptides, and enzyme deactivation. The uncoupled kinetic parameters were estimated using the Marquardt nonlinear parameter estimation algorithm. A bang-bang production of soluble and partially soluble protein is suggested for higher productivity. The essential amino acids pattern of the enzyme-Hydrolyzed soy protein was comparable with the unhydrolyzed protein isolate. Aggregation of the soluble protein for an extended time was observable. The low-molecular-weight soluble protein was incorporated into noncarbonated beverages. The amount of protein that could be incorporated into a can of 355 ml noncarbonated beverage, without observable changes in the optical density and also aggregation of the protein, was 2.5 g soluble protein. Beverages with caramel color showed excessive decrease in optical density and precipitation. The kinetics and diffusion in a multipore immobilized-enzyme recycle reactor will be considered in part II of this series.
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    Energy requirements for the vacuferm processPrepared for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48. (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1749-1751 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Criteria for multiple steady states in immobilized-enzyme systemsNCL communication No. 2512. (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1759-1765 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Simple model for the energetics of growth on substrates with different degrees of reduction (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 33-53 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple model is developed for the energy transformation in growing microbial systems. The model is based on a linear equation for ATP consumption in the processes of growth and maintenance. A combination of this equation with macroscopic balances for the various components, the systems exchanges with the environment, and application of the concepts of the elementary balance allow the derivation of linear equations for the exchange of substrate, oxygen, and carbon dioxide with the environment. For growth on one sole carbon and energy source the model allows the definition of a critical substrate yield are expected and below which is decreasing substrate yield and energy supply growth limitation are expected. This restriction can be interpreted in a variety of other ways. It supplies a rationale for non-energy-production-coupled transfer of hydrogen to oxygen or wasteful expenditure of ATP in growth on highly reduced substrates. It also allows the formulation of a limit to the maximum yield on oxygen that can never be exceeded in growth on highly reduced substrates.
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    Dynamic aspects of radiorespirometry during the cell cycle of Candida utilis: Some observations in phased culture under carbon-, nitrogen-, and phosphorus-limited growthNRCC NO. 17791. (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 137-156 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Many changes that occur in a cell during the cell cycle can be demonstrated in synchronous cultures and can reveal dimensions of cell metabolism not attainable by the study of balanced growth of asynchronous populations in batch cultures or the steady state in chemostat cultures. The release of 14CO2 from specifically labeled glucose by phased (continuously synchronized) cultures follows a characteristic pattern (profile) that depends upon the stage in the cell cycle and the period of labeling used. Successive profiles throughout a cycle showed differences that were altered under different nutrient-limiting growth conditions. Profiles obtained with glucose-1-14C, glucose-2-14C, glucose-3,4-14C, and glucose-6-14C and phased cells of Candida utilis under N-, P-, and C-limited growth demonstrated the variable character of the metabolic activity that occurred in the cells while contour changes within the profiles across the cycle indicated possible correlations with activities of the hexose monophosphate, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas, and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways during the cell cycle. The basis of these changes and their use as elementary parameters for study of problems of physiological changes in vivo are considered.
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    Experimental technique for multilayer enzyme immobilization (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 215-219 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Response of a continuous culture of saccharomyces cerevisiae to variation of temperature (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 231-235 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220118
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220201
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    Enzyme electrode for phenol (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 299-310 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An enzyme electrode is described for quantitative determination of phenol at micromolar concentrations. Immobilized phenol hydroxylase is attached to the surface of a Clark oxygen electrode. The Maximum rate of oxygen consumption is linearly dependent on phenol concentration over the 0.5-50μM range. The electrode can be used for at least 150 assays without an activity loss. Readout is very rapid - within 30 sec of sample addition. The electrode response is independent of pH between pH 6.5 and 9.5. The response increases linearly with temperature in the interval 10-40°C. It is necessary to incubate the enzyme electrode in a buffer containing NADPH for a few minutes before the addition of sample. This is to make the electrode response independent of the diffusion rate of this cosubstrate. This and other diffusional effects on the performance of the phenol electrode are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220205
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    Stability of the Cellulase of Trichoderma reesei under use conditions (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 323-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Enzyme stability studies have been reinvestigated under the conditions used for cellulose hydrolysis (pH 4.8, 50°C, 24 hr). The cellobiohydrolase (CBH) component as measured on Avicel is less stable than other enzymes of the cellulase complex, and is 60% inactivated by merthiolate (and other Hg compounds) under the above conditions. Endo-β-1,4-glucanase is much more stable, and more resistant to merthiolate and other compounds. Under unshaken conditions the Avicelase of the Rutgers strain C 30 shows greater stability to heat than that of other available strains. Biocides must be selected not only for their ability to prevent contamination, but also for their compatibility with cellulases. Tetracycline and chlortetracycline are inexpensive, effective in very low concentrations, have no harmful effect on the enzymes, and are compatible with the yeasts that subsequently grow on the sugar solutions to produce alcohol. Attempts have been made to stabilize the enzymes by chemical modification in such a way as to maintain their solubility. Glutaraldehyde treatment greatly increased the enzyme size, lowered the pI values, and gave a slight shift in the pH activity curve. There was, unfortunately, no increase in enzyme stability, and the activity of enzymes on solid celluloses was adversely affected. Shaking greatly reduced the hydrolysis of Avicel by Trichoderma reesei C 30 enzyme. The adverse effect was accompanied by a decrease in recoverable enzyme and protein.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220207
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    Studies of growth conditions in wood for three white-rot fungi and their cellulaseless mutants (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 363-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: White-rot fungi, which have the ability to degrade all the wood components including lignin, are of great interest in biotechnological processes based on wood and other lignocellulosic materials. It was demonstrated earlier that enough lignin can be degraded to cause a decrease in the energy demand for production of thermomechanical pulp if wood chips are pretreated by cellulaseless mutants of white-rot fungi. This paper concerns the growth conditions in wood for three white-rot fungi and their cellulaseless mutants in order to determine optimal conditions for such pretreatment processes. The pH and temperature optima have been determined as well as the growth rate in wood. The results show that the growth rate in wood. at least for Cel 44 (a cellulaseless mutant of Sporotrichum pulverulentum), is not the rate-limiting step in delignification. From different mixtures of urea and NH4H2PO4 the optimal nitrogen source was determined for the mutants. The optimal C/N ratio was found to vary between 160/1 and 400/1. It is suggested that the lower the C/N ratio, the faster the growth. It was also demonstrated that both water- and acetone-extractable substances in wood supported the growth of cellulaseless mutants. When some glucose was added to the wood, the weight loss caused by Cel 44 increased. All these observations support earlier findings that lignin in wood cannot be degraded by white-rot fungi unless a more easily metabolizable carbon source is used simultaneously.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220210
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  • 79
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    Energetic efficiency of a microbial process with an external power input: Thermodynamic approach (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 463-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: NO Abstract.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220217
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  • 80
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    Characteristics of hexadecane partition by the growth medium of Acinetobacter sp. (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 495-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The partition of n-hexadecane in the spent growth medium of Acinetobacter sp. HOI-N was determined by measuring the increase in the relative aqueous solubility of 3H-hexadecane as compared to controls. The amount of hexadecane partitioned was proportional to the protein concentration. The specific solubility of hexadecane (nmol/mg protein) was analyzed by least-squares fitting yielding an average slope of 0.6 with a standard deviation of 0.3, indicating either nonequilibrium of hexadecane or physical aggregation of protein. The amount of hexadecane partitioned was concentration dependent yielding optically clear microemulsions at hexadecane concentrations of less than 1.4mM and macroemulsions at hexadecane concentrations of 1.4mM or greater. Preliminary results indicated that hexadecane and partitioned by a lipoprotein complex.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 81
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    New device for continuously monitoring the optical density of concentrated microbial cultures (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 639-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220312
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  • 82
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    Selective isolation of depressed mutants of an α-amylase yeast by the use of 2-deoxyglucose (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 651-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220314
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  • 83
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    Biomass ethanol as a chemical feedstock in the United States (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 677-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220318
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  • 84
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220401
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  • 85
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    Lactic acid fermentation of crude sorghum extract (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 757-777 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Crude extract from sweet sorghum supplemented with vetch juice was utilized as the carbohydrate source for fermentative production of lactic acid. Fermentation of media containing 7%(w/v) total sugar was complex completed in 60-80 hr by Lactobacillus plantarum, product yield averaging 85%. Maximum acid production rates were dependent on pH, initial substrate distribution, and concentration, the rates varying from 2 to 5 g(liter·hr.) The lactic acid yield was lowered to 67% under limited medium supplementation. The fermented ammoniated product contained over eight times as much equivalent crude protein (N × 6.25) as the original medium. Unstructured kinetic models were developed for cell growth, lactic acid formation, and substrate consumption in batch fermentation. With the provision of experimentally determined kinetic parameters, the proposed models accurately the fermentation process.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 86
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    Use of the upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor concept for biological wastewater treatment, especially for anaerobic treatment (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 699-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In recent years considerable effort has been made in the Netherlands toward the development of a more sophisticated anaerobic treatment process, suitable for treating low a strength wastes and for applications at liquid detention times of 3-4 hr. The efforts have resulted in new type of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process, which in recent 6 m3 pilot-plant experiments has shown to be capable of handling organic space loads of 15-40 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)·m-3/day at 3-8 hr liquid detention times. In the first 200 m3 full-scale plant of the UASB concept, organic space loadings of up to 16 kg COD·m-3/day could be treated satisfactorily at a detention times of 4 hr, using sugar beet waste as feed. The main results obtained with the process in the laboratory as well as in 6 m3 pilot plant and 200 m3 full-scale experiments are presented and evaluated in this paper. Special attention is given to the main operating characteristics of the UASB reactor concept. Moreover, some preliminary results are presented of laboratory experiments concerning the use of the USB reactor concept for denitrification as well as for the acid formation step in anaerobic treatment. For both purposes the process looks feasible because very satisfactory results with respect to denitrification and acid formation can be achieved at very high hydraulic loads (12 day-1) and high organic loading rates, i.e., 20 kg COD·m-3/day in the denitrification and 60-80 kg COD·m-3/day in the acid formation experiments.
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  • 87
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220501
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  • 88
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    Staining method for determination of the penetration of immobilized enzyme into a porous support (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 957-967 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The penetration of bovine serum albumin and penicillin acylase into Amberlite XAD7 beads was determined by staining split beads. The rates of penetration were measured and correlated with a theoretically derived equation.
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  • 89
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    Problems concerning the operation of high productivity biomass fermentations using volatile liquid hydrocarbon feedstocks (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 995-1006 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The possibilities of using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) heavy ends, predominantly volatile liquid n-alkanes (a location-specific hydrocarbon feedstock) for single-cell protein (SCP) production are examined against criteria established to define potentially attractive SCP production processes. The factors discussed include the use of the heat of vaporization for fermentor cooling, the efficiency of conversion of nalkane vapors, problems of maintaining constant composition substrates when feeding volatile liquid n-alkane vapors to laboratory fermentors, the possible solvent effect of liquid n-alkanes, and the possibilities of competitive inhibition. The study confirms that mixed volatile n-alkane feedstocks will introduce major physical and biological problems for both product and process research and development. Even when the technical problems are solved, the economic question of whether a direct production route using the feedstock as the fermentation substrate or an indirect route involving the conversion of the feedstock, by chemical means, into methanol, which can then be used as the fermentation substrate, needs careful examination.
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  • 90
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    Immobilization and properties of Leuconostoc mesenteroids dextransucrase (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1055-1069 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides (NRRL B-512F) was purified by ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography in 54% yield. The specific activity of a heart cut was 58.6 U/mg; cumulative purification of that preparation was 247-fold. Of 13 carriers surveyed, only alkylamine porous silica gave immobilization efficiencies consistently above 15 %. Immobilization to silica changed the properties of dextransucrase relatively little, the optimum pH for activity remaining at 5.2, while that for stability decreased from pH 5.5-6 to pH 5.2. In short assays, highest activities of both soluble and immobilized dextransucrase occurred at 30°C. Activation energies below that temperature were 8.6 kcal/mol for the former form and 1.7 kcal/mol for the latter. Maximum stabilization of soluble dextransucrase was attained by 5mM Ca2+.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 91
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    Is the heat of combustion of microbial cells predictable solely from organic chemical bonding? (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1095-1096 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220516
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  • 92
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    Cellobiose hydrolysis by endoglucanase (glucan glucanhydrolase) from Trichoderma reesie: Kinetics and mechanism (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1107-1126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Glucanohydrolase from Trichoderma reesei, having a molecular weight of 52,000, was evaluated for kinetic properties with respect to cellobiose. Results from this work include: (1) initial rate studies that show that glucanohydrolase hydrolyzes cellobiose by a competitive mechanism and that the product, glucose, inhibits the enzyme; (2) low-pressure aqueous liquid chromatography that shows that formation of a reversion product, cellobiose, is minor and occurs in detectable amounts only a very high (90mM) cellobiose concentrations; (3) development of an equation based on the mechanism of glucanohydrolase action as determined by initial rate kinetics, which accurately predicts the time course of cellobiose hydrolysis; (4) derivation of an initial rate expression for the combined activity of cellobiase and glucanohydrolase on cellobiose. Based on data in this paper it is shown that the difference in inhibition pattern of the two enzymes could be used for determining the contamination of one enzyme by small quantities of the other.
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  • 93
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    Continuous production ofL-isoleucine using immobilized growing Serratia marcescens cells (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1175-1188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An immobilized growing cell system was applied to the continuous L-isoleucine production by Serratia marcescens. In the new immobilized-cell systems using the carrageenan gel method. S. marcescens cells in the gel required nutrients and oxygen for growth, and the numbers of living cells per milliliter of gel increased to the levels of that of free cells in the liquid medium. This immobilized growing cell system exhibited high and stable activity for isoleucine production under steady-state conditions. Continuous isoleucine production was carried out by feeding the nutrient medium under aeration into a fluidized bed reactor containing the immobilized cells. In the continuous operation, an efficient production was maintained by automatically controlling the pH of the reaction mixture at 7.5. The productivity of isoleucine increased using multibed reactors. In a two-bed reactor system, the effluent L-isoleucine concentration reached 4.5 mg/ml at a retention time of 10 hr, and a steady state was maintained for longer than 30 days.
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    Calculation of wort composition according to desired productivity and elementary compositions (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1271-1272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220612
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  • 95
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    Adsorption isotherms of azotobacter vinelandii on cellex E® (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1283-1286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220615
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  • 96
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220701
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  • 97
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    Production and efficacy of baculviruses (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1357-1375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Several baculvirusus of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) have been produced and tested for microbial control of various Lepidoptera spp. To date, there are three registered preparations of NPV that are exempt from the requirement of tolerance by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States (US). The first and only commercially available viral preparation used in agriculture was developed by Sandoz, Inc. under the name of Elcar® for control of Heliothis spp. on cotton. The other two baculovirus preparations were developed and registered by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) for control of Douglas-fir tussock moth and gypsy moth on forests. Several methods are being used for production of NPV viruses: (1) field collection of diseased larvae, (2) laboratory rearing of insects followed by infection with viral inoculum, (3) tissue culture. and (4) tissue culture and mass rearing larvae. Recent progress in mass production of insect virus points toward the adoption of tissue culture with the whole organism technology for production of a standardized viral product. The practical usefulness of various baculovirus preparations has been demonstrated for protection of forests from defoliation by various lepidopterous species. In agriculture, Elcar® has been successfully marketed and has been very well received for use in integrated pest management on cotton. Recent development also demonstrated that use of adjuvants further increase the efficacy of Elcar® against Heliothis spp. on cotton.
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    Registration and regulation of microbial pesticides (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1441-1448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: NO Abstract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220710
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    Mechanistic model of the growth of Streptococcus cremoris HP at super optimal temperatures (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1465-1487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetic response of Streptococcus cremoris HP to growth at super optimal temperatures is reported. The response to a step increase in temperature was shown to be transient and to result from an increased metabolic rate caused by the raised temperature combined with thermal deactivation of the cell mass present. The catabolic and anabolic activities of the cell were shown to decay at different rates resulting in an accumulation of cells capable of catabolism (energy production) but unable to reproduce. The proposed mechanism was confirmed by independent estimates of the catabolic and anabolic activities of the culture. A mathematical model based on the proposed mechanism and incorporating simultaneous exponential growth, thermal death, and catabolic uncoupling of anabolically inactive cells was developed. Experimental evaluation of the model indicated the presence of a delay in deactivation of metabolic activity in response to a temperature transient. After the inclusion of this delay in death, it was confirmed that the model was capable of prediction of the balanced growth and transient response of this organism to changes in growth temperature. The delay in death was shown to be of major significance to the control of a simulated cheddar cheese fermentation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220712
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  • 100
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220801
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