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  • 101
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    Recent developments in lightweight solar cell modules (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Two types of lightweight solar cell modules were prepared. The goal is to achieve a module with a power to weight ratio of 350 watts per kilogram. Both structures use thin cells approximately 50 micrometers thick and glass covers approximately 75 micrometers thick. In one structure the glass is bonded to the module using 93-500 silicone adhesive; while the other relies on heat and pressure bonding using FEP as the adhesive. Specific powers of about 335 watts per kilogram were achieved.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 345-349
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  • 102
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    Periodic annealing of radiation damage in GaAs solar cells (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Continuous annealing of GaAs solar cells is compared with periodic annealing to determine their relative effectiveness in minimizing proton radiation damage. It is concluded that continuous annealing of the cells in space at 150 C can effectively reduce the proton radiation damage to the GaAs solar cells. Periodic annealing is most effective if it can be initiated at relatively low fluences (approximating continuous annealing), especially if low temperatures of less than 200 C are to be used. If annealing is started only after the fluence of the damaging protons has accumulated to a high value 10 to the 11th power sq/pcm), effective annealing is still possible at relatively high temperatures. Finally, since electron radiation damage anneals even more easily than proton radiation damage, substantial improvements in GaAs solar cell life can be achieved by incorporating the proper annealing capabilities in solar panels for practical space missions where both electron and proton radiation damage have to be minimized.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 249-256
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  • 103
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    Effects of low energy proton, electron, and simultaneously combined proton and electron environments in silicon and GaAs solar cells (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Degradation of silicon and GaAs solar cells due to exposures to low energy proton and electron environments and annealing data for these cells are discussed. Degradation of silicon cells in simultaneously combined electron and low energy proton environments and previous experimental work is summarized and evaluated. The deficiencies in current solar array damage prediction techniques indicated by these data and the relevance of these deficiencies to specific missions such as intermediate altitude orbits and orbital transfer vehicles using solar electric propulsion systems are considered.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 229-238
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  • 104
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    Distribution of oxygen in silicon and its effects on electronic characteristics on a microscale (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The microdistribution of oxygen in silicon was obtained by scanning IR absorption in as grown Czochralski crystals. The crystals were subsequently submitted to various heat treatments. The profiles of the generated thermal donors were determined by spreading resistance measurements. Contrary to the prevailing views, it was found that the concentration of the activated thermal donors is not strictly a function of the oxygen concentration, but depends strongly on an additional factor, which was shown to be associated with vacancy concentration. These conclusions could only be reached on the basis of microscale characterization. In fact, commonly employed macroscale analysis has led to erroneous conclusions.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 191-198
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  • 105
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    Results of the Air Force high efficiency cascaded multiple bandgap solar cell programs (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The III-V semiconductor materials system that was selected for continued cascade cell development was the AlGaAs cell on GaAs cell structure. The tunnel junction used as transparent ohmic contact between the top cell and the bottom cell continued to be the central difficulty in achieving the program objective of 25 percent AMO efficiency at 25 C. During the tunnel junction and top cell developments it became apparent that the AlGaAs cell has potential for independent development as a single junction converter and is a logical extension of the present GaAs heteroface technology.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 125-129
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  • 106
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    Solar power R and D for Air Force space requirements (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The requirements for improved solar power system technology for DOD satellites are reported. It is shown that the technology is required in several areas including solar cells, array blanket technology, energy storage and power system operation, and regulation and control. It is further shown that as the missions become more critical to defence, military aspects such as survivability, hardening, and eventually defence must be addressed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Research Center Space Photovoltaic Res. and Technol.; p 5-10
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  • 107
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    The History of the Development of the Rectenna (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The history of the development of the rectenna is reviewed through its early conceptual developmental phases. Some selective aspects of the current solar power satellite rectenna development are examined.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 271-280
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  • 108
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    The Resonant Cavity Radiator (RCR) (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The design of the resonant cavity radiator (RCR) is compared to that of the slotted waveguide array in terms of efficiency, weight, and structural integrity. It is shown that the RCR design has three significant potentials over the slotted waveguide array: (1) improvement in efficiency; (2) lighter weight; and (3) simpler structure which allows the RCR to be integrated with the RF tube to alleviate thermal interface problems.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 235-244
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  • 109
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    Reference System Description (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Several candidate antenna configurations are evaluated in terms of weight, efficiency, and structural rigidity. Particular emphasis is given to the waveguide slot array and its application to solar power satellites SPS. The electronic aspects of an SPS specific waveguide slot array are defined.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 227-234
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  • 110
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    High efficiency klystron for the SPS application (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The enhancement of klystron efficiency through the use of collector depression, that is by recovering energy from the spent electron beam after microwave amplification, was investigated. Design considerations included noise, harmonics, cooling, and service life. The mod anode, to be employed for beam control, and the depressed collector, used in spent electron beam energy recovery, are described.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 185-205
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  • 111
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    SPS phase control studies (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: To properly point and form the satellite microwave power beam, the outputs of the power amplifiers in the transmitting array must be phased in a specific and coherent fashion. A retrodirective CW phase conjugating system using a spread spectrum uplink signal and a reference phase signal that is distributed via fiber optics, was selected as the control system for SPS. The design details are presented and applications of the system are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 144-153
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  • 112
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    Outgassing tests on iras solar panel samples (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Several outgassing tests were carried out on representative solar panel samples in order to determine the extent of contamination that could be expected from this source. The materials for the construction of the solar panels were selected as a result of contamination obtained in micro volatile condensable materials tests.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Johnson Space Center The 11th Space Simulation Conf.; p 227-242
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  • 113
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    Photovoltaic system criteria documents. Volume 6: Criteria for auditing photovoltaic system applications and experiments. Revision A (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: The criteria is defined for auditing photovoltaic system applications and experiments. The purpose of the audit is twofold: to see if the application is meeting its stated objectives and to measure the application's progress in terms of the National Photovoltaic Program's goals of performance, cost, reliability, safety, and socio-environmental acceptance. The information obtained from an audit will be used to assess the status of an application and to provide the Department of Energy with recommendations on the future conduct of the application. Those aspects are covered of a site audit necessary to produce a systematic method for the gathering of qualitative and quantitative data to measure the success of an application. A sequence of audit events and guidelines for obtaining the required information is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA-CR-183321 , JPL-5250-3-VOL-6-REV-A , NAS 1.26:183321
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  • 114
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    Solar total energy-large scale experiment, Shenandoah, Georgia (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The design and development of a 7 meter diameter parabolic dish solar collector are discussed. Each of the four main subsystems of the collector: (1) reflector, (2) mount and drives, (3) receiver and (4) the controls, is discussed briefly with the major emphasis on the receiver design. To minimize development risks and production costs, a dish design based on use of stamped aluminum petals (sectors) was chosen. This design is similar to the design of a communication antenna already commercially produced. The reflective surface of the petals has a total reflectance of .86 and a specularity (dispersion) of 8 mrd. This performance is obtained by mechanical polishing and chemical brightening of the petal surface, followed by application of a clear RTV silicone protective coating. Selection of the material and weather proofing coated are discussed. Results from performance tests on an engineering development dish collector are presented and compared with pretest predictions.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 247-249
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  • 115
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    IEA/SPS 500 kW distributed collector system (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Engineering studies for an International Energy Agency project for the design and construction of a 500 kW solar thermal electric power generation system of the distributed collector system (DCS) type are reviewed. The DCS system design consists of a mixed field of parabolic trough type solar collectors which are used to heat a thermal heat transfer oil. Heated oil is delivered to a thermocline storage tank from which heat is extracted and delivered to a boiler by a second heat transfer loop using the same heat transfer oil. Steam is generated in the boiler, expanded through a steam turbine, and recirculated through a condenser system cooled by a wet cooling tower.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 221-227
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  • 116
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    The Crossbyton project (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The Analog Design Verification System (ADVS), the largest single solar collector built, was tested. Referred to as the Solar Gridiron or Bowl Concept, it employs a stationary mirror, with tracking accomplished by the mirror.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 217-220
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  • 117
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    Non-heat pipe/P-40 Stirling engine (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The non-heat-pipe receiver/P-40 Stirling engine system design is described. A 25 kW direct-driven induction-type alternator will be mounted directly to the P-40 engine to produce to a 60 Hz, 115/230 volt output.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 95-97
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  • 118
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    Test bed concentrator mirrors (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The test bed concentrator (TBC) was des point focusing distributed receiver (PFDR) systems. The reflective surface of the concentrator was fabricated using mirror facet designs and techniques. The facets are made by bonding mirrored glass to spherically-conducted substrates. Several aspects of earlier work were reevaluated for application to the TBC: optimum glass block size, material selection, environmental test, optical characteristics, and reliability. A detailed explanation of tooling, substrate preparation, testing techniques, and mirror assembly is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 41-46
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  • 119
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    Costing the OMNIUM-G system 7500 (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A complete OMNIUM-G System 7500 was cost analyzed for annual production quantities ranging from 25 to 10,000 units per year. Parts and components were subjected to in-depth scrutiny to determine optimum manufacturing processes, coupled with make or buy decisions on materials and small parts. When production quantities increase both labor and material costs reduce substantially. A redesign of the system that was analyzed could result in lower costs when annual production runs approach 100,000 units/year. Material and labor costs for producing 25, 100, 25,000 and 100,00 units are given for 17 subassembly units.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 139-144
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  • 120
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    OMNIUM-G concentrator test results (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A performance evaluation was conducted on a commercially available point-focus solar concentrator, the Heliodyne model HTC-25s tracker/concentrator. Thermal power test results indicate that slightly more than six kilowatts of thermal energy is available from a system of this configuration using a 10 cm aperture.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 125-131
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  • 121
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    Cold water aquifer storage (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A working prototype system is described in which water is pumped from an aquifer at 70 F in the winter time, chilled to a temperature of less than 50 F, injected into a ground-water aquifer, stored for a period of several months, pumped back to the surface in the summer time. A total of 8.1 million gallons of chilled water at an average temperature of 48 F were injected. This was followed by a storage period of 100 days. The recovery cycle was completed a year later with a total of 8.1 million gallons recovered. Approximately 20 percent of the chill energy was recovered.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 591-599
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  • 122
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    Mathematical modeling of moving boundary problems in thermal energy storage (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The capability for predicting the performance of thermal energy storage (RES) subsystems and components using PCM's based on mathematical and physical models is developed. Mathematical models of the dynamic thermal behavior of (TES) subsystems using PCM's based on solutions of the moving boundary thermal conduction problem and on heat and mass transfer engineering correlations are also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 265-270
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  • 123
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    Development of optimum process for electron beam cross-linking of high density polyethylene thermal energy storage pellets, process scale-up and production of application qualities of material (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The electron irradiation conditions required to prepare thermally from stable high density polyethylene (HDPE) were defined. The conditions were defined by evaluating the heat of fusion and the melting temperature of several HDPE specimens. The performance tests conducted on the specimens, including the thermal cycling tests in the thermal energy storage unit are described. The electron beam irradiation tests performed on the specimens, in which the total radiation dose received by the pellets, the electron beam current, the accelerating potential, and the atmospheres were varied, are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 315-327
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  • 124
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    Experimental evaluation of thermal energy storage (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The technical performance of commercially available thermal energy storage (TES) residential heating units under severe weather conditions is discussed. The benefits and costs of TES to the user and utility companies were assessed. The TES issues, research and development needs, and barriers to commercialization were identified. The field tests which determined the performance characteristics for the TES are described and the TES systems, which included both ceramic and hydronic systems, are compared.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 307-314
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  • 125
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    Nickel electrode plate thickening study (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The rate of thickening of the nickel electrode with cycling, under geochronous conditions, was investigated. The experimental procedures used to study the effects of various operational parameters on the rate of the thickness growth are outlined. The parameters included temperature, electrolyte composition, manufacturing lot, cycle parameters, and reconditioning methods.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 471-485
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  • 126
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    Development of failure model for nickel cadmium cells (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The development of a method for the life prediction of nickel cadmium cells is discussed. The approach described involves acquiring an understanding of the mechanisms of degradation and failure and at the same time developing nondestructive evaluation techniques for the nickel cadmium cells. The development of a statistical failure model which will describe the mechanisms of degradation and failure is outlined.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 419-439
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  • 127
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    Reversal of nickel cadmium cells (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The design of nickel cadmium cells are discussed. The pressure voltage profiles of these cells during low rate reversal are also summarized.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 355-365
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  • 128
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    Air Force nickel-hydrogen flight experiment (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A gas leakage test, a capacity test, a charge retention test, and an electrolyte leakage test were among the tests conducted on a nickel hydrogen battery in a flight environment. The battery design features and its performance in each test are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 515-524
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  • 129
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    Intelsat-V: Nickel-hydrogen battery (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A design program for the development of a nickel hydrogen battery is described. The design and design advantages of the battery are discussed. The general characteristics of the battery such as the strain gage cell pressure monitoring and the automatic low temperature heater control are reported along with the performance characteristics.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 499-513
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  • 130
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    NWSC nickel cadmium spacecraft cell accelerated life test program data analysis (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: An analysis of the data leading to a proposed accelerated life test scheme to test a nickel cadmium cell under spacecraft usage conditions is described. The amount and concentration of electrolyte and the amount of precharge in the cell are discussed in relation to the design of the cell and the accelerated test design. A failure analysis of the cell is summarized. The analysis included such environmental test variables as the depth of discharge, the temperature, the amount of recharge and the charge and discharge rate.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 391-406
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  • 131
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    Additional Reversal Characteristics of Sealed Nickel Cadmium Cells (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The reversal characteristics of nickel cadmium cells are discussed. The evolution of hydrogen from the positive electrode is described when the nickel cadmium cell is completely discharged. Results indicate that one ampere hour of overdischarge in reversal can generate enough hydrogen to increase the cell pressure of an average size cell, 20- to 50-ampere hour cell, by 120 psi.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 343-354
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  • 132
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    SPS market analysis (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A market analysis task included personal interviews by GE personnel and supplemental mail surveys to acquire statistical data and to identify and measure attitudes, reactions and intentions of prospective small solar thermal power systems (SPS) users. Over 500 firms were contacted, including three ownership classes of electric utilities, industrial firms in the top SIC codes for energy consumption, and design engineering firms. A market demand model was developed which utilizes the data base developed by personal interviews and surveys, and projected energy price and consumption data to perform sensitivity analyses and estimate potential markets for SPS.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 185-189
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  • 133
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    Industrial application experiment series (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The deployment of parabolic dish systems into the industrial sector for the purpose of providing users, suppliers, sponsors, and developers with a realistic assessment of system feasibility in selected near-term industrial applications will be accomplished initially through the industrial module experiment and later through additional experiments involving thermal, electric, and combined thermal and electrical systems. The approach is to progress through steps, from single module to multi-module systems, from thermal-only applications to more complex combined thermal and electric applications. The experience of other solar thermal experiments, particularly those involving parabolic dish hardware, will be utilized to the fullest extent possible in experiment planning and implementation.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 181-184
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  • 134
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    The United Stirling P40 engine for solar dish concentrator application (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The United Stirling P40 engine is a key component in a solar concentration based energy conversion system, to be demonstrated and tested during 1980-81. The inherent characteristics of modern Stirling engines is reviewed focusing on the baseline P40 double-acting engine. The extent of modifications required for the solar application is reviewed and performance data are predicted. Finally, the potential of an advanced solar Stirling engine is briefly considered.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 113-117
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  • 135
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    The 50-horsepower solar-powered irrigation facility located near Gila Bend, Arizona (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The 50 horsepower solar powered irrigation facility near Gila Bend, Arizona which includes a Rankine cycle demonstrates the technical feasibility of solar powered pumping. The design of a facility specifically for the irrigation farmer using the technology that has been developed over the last four years is proposed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 235-239
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  • 136
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    The JPL isolated application experiment series (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A set of small (approximately 60-150 kWe) solar thermal power experiments, each of which is meant to address a separate isolated load application, will employ point focusing distributed receiver technology with emphasis on electric and possibly some thermal power applications. The program will be closely integrated with the technology development element of the thermal power systems project with the objective of utilizing the technologies being developed under that program.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 175-179
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  • 137
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    A hybrid Brayton engine concept (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A first generation open cycle Brayton engine concept for use in full scale solar module testing was defined. The concept extended to include solar/fossil hybrid capability. The combustion system defined for hybrid operation consists of a wide range combustor liner, a single airblast atomizer, an ignitor and a high-voltage ignition unit. Wide range combustor operation would be achieved through combining pilot and primary zones. The hybrid control mode and the solar only control mode are both based on the concept of maintaining constant turbine inlet temperature and varying the engine speed for part-power operation. In addition, the hybrid control concept will allow the operator to set a minimum thermal power input to the engine by setting a corresponding minimum engine speed. When the solar thermal power input falls below this minimum, fossil fuel would be utilized to augment the solar thermal power input.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 107-112
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  • 138
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    The OMNIUM-G HTC-25 tracking concentrator (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A point focusing, two axis tracking, high concentration ratio parabolic reflector is described. Field experience coupled with engineering improvements are shown to have manifested a design that is economic in the areas of manufacturing, packaging, delivering, installing, and commissioning the system into operation. The initial problems specifically with the OMNIUM-G model HTC-25 tracking concentrator are addressed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 53-57
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  • 139
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    Heat and electricity from the Sun using parabolic dish collector systems (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Point focus distributed receiver solar thermal technology for the production of electric power and of industrial process heat is addressed. The thermal power systems project which emphasizes the development of cost effective systems which will accelerate the commercialization and industrialization of plants up to 10 MWe, using parabolic dish collectors is described. The projected size of the isolated load market in the 1990-2000 time period is 300 to 1000 MW/year. Although this market is small in comparison to the grid connected utility market, it is indicated that by assuming only a 20 percent market penetration, up to 10,000 power modules per year would be required to meet this need. At a production rate of 25,000 units/year and assuming no energy storage, levelized bus bar energy costs of 75 mills/kWeh are projected. These numbers are based on what is believed to be a conservative estimate regarding engine-generator conversion efficiency (40 percent) for the 1990 time period. With a more optimistic estimate of efficiency (i.e., 45 percent), the bus bar cost decreases to about 67 mills/kWeh. At very large production rates (400,000 modules/years), the costs decrease to 58 mills/kWeh. Finally, the present status of the technology development effort is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 19-26
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  • 140
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    Subcontracted activities related to TES for building heating and cooling (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The subcontract program elements related to thermal energy storage for building heating and cooling systems are outlined. The following factors are included: subcontracts in the utility load management application area; life and stability testing of packaged low cost energy storage materials; and development of thermal energy storage systems for residential space cooling. Resistance storage heater component development, demonstration of storage heater systems for residential applications, and simulation and evaluation of latent heat thermal energy storage (heat pump systems) are also discussed. Application of thermal energy storage for solar application and twin cities district heating are covered including an application analysis and technology assessment of thermal energy storage.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 203-211
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  • 141
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    Evaluation of thermal energy storage for the proposed Twin Cities District Heating system (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The technical and economic feasibility of incorporating thermal energy storage components into the proposed Twin Cities District heating project was evaluated. The technical status of the project is reviewed and conceptual designs of district heating systems with and without thermal energy storage were compared in terms of estimated capital requirements, fuel consumption, delivered energy cost, and environmental aspects. The thermal energy storage system is based on cogeneration and the storage of heat in aquifers.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 283-295
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  • 142
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    Thermal energy storage testing facility (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The thermal performance of resistance storage heaters in respect to current standards is determined. The design and construction of a storage heater test facility with capability for measuring the performance of electric resistance heated storage units is described. The performance of commercial units are compared based on existing standards. Additional performance standards are proposed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 223-231
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  • 143
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    Crawl space assisted heat pump (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A variety of experiments and simulations, currently being designed or underway, to determine the feasibility of conditioning the source air of an air to air heat pump using stored ground heat or cool to produce higher seasonal COP's and net energy savings are discussed. The ground would condition ambient air as it is drawn through the crawl space of a house. Tests designed to evaluate the feasibility of the concept, to determine the amount of heat or cool available from the ground, to study the effect of the system on the heating and cooling loads of the house, to study possible mechanisms which could enhance heat flow through the ground, and to determine if diurnal temperature swings are necessary to achieve successful system performance are described.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 271-276
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  • 144
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    Application of thermal energy storage to process heat recovery in the aluminum industry (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The economic viability and the institutional compatibility of a district heating system in the city of Bellingham, Washington are assessed and the technical and economic advantages of using thermal energy storage methods are determined.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 233-237
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  • 145
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    Thermal energy storage effort at JPL (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The technical, operational, and economic readiness of parabolic dish systems for electric and thermal applications was investigated. A parabolic dish system was then developed to the point at which subsequent commercialization activities can lead to successful market penetration. The immediate possible applications of the dish system to thermal energy storage are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 131-140
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  • 146
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    Solar applications analysis for energy storage (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The role of energy storage as it relates to solar energy systems is considered. Storage technologies to support solar energy applications, the status of storage technologies, requirements and specifications for storage technologies, and the adequacy of the current storage research and development program to meet these requirements are among the factors discussed. Emphasis is placed on identification of where the greatest potential exists for energy storage in support of those solar energy systems which could have a significant impact on the U.S. energy mix.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 43-46
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  • 147
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    The 1st generation low cost point focus solar concentrator (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A point focus solar concentrator that, given a high volume of production, will optimize the ratio of performance to cost is considered. The concentrator design approach has evolved by a systematic process of examining the operating requirements particular to the solar application, minimizing material content through detail structural design and structurally efficient subsystem features, and utilizing materials and processes compatible with high volume production techniques. The design approach, the rationale for the configuration and subsystem selections, and the development status are described.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 63-67
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  • 148
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    A cellular glass substrate solar concentrator (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The design of a second generation point focusing solar concentration is discussed. The design is based on reflective gores fabricated of thin glass mirror bonded continuously to a contoured substrate of cellular glass. The concentrator aperture and structural stiffness was optimized for minimum concentrator cost given the performance requirement of delivering 56 kWth to a 22 cm diameter receiver aperture with a direct normal insolation of 845 watts sq m and an operating wind of 50 kmph. The reflective panel, support structure, drives, foundation and instrumentation and control subsystem designs, optimized for minimum cost, are summarized. The use of cellular glass as a reflective panel substrate material is shown to offer significant weight and cost advantages compared to existing technology materials.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 69-73
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  • 149
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    Initial test bed concentrator characterization (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The operational characteristics and the mirror alignment technique of the test bed concentrator control system are highlighted. The final design of the TBC control system provided one axis of fast slew capability so that either the Sun acquisition or emergency off-Sun mode could be obtained in a minimum time. The procedure for getting on and off Sun is to run the elevation axis up to the approximate elevation of the Sun for the particular time of acquisition and then slew the concentrator on Sun in azimuth. The automatic Sun-acquisition system is controlled by two Sun sensors, one for each axis; each has a 2deg acquisition cone angle within which the concentrators are programmed to point. The mirror alignment technique chosen utilized a semi-distant incandescent light source which produced a reflected image on the focal point target. The concentrator was boresighted to the light by moving the concentrator while sighting along the cross hairs and through the apertures in the disks to the light source resulting in a maximum point error of 0.11 deg. Test plans to install a solar flux mapper to characterize the solar spot and to measure the size, shape, and intensity of the Sun's image are outlined.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 47-51
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  • 150
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    Military markets for solar thermal electric power systems (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The Department of Defense maintains an inventory of over 1,800 MW of engine-generators 15 KW and larger, with an estimated procurement rate of over 140 MW/year. Nearly the entire requirement could be met by advanced heat engines of the types being developed as point-focussing, distributed receiver power plants. A conceptual system consisting of a heat engine which efficiently burns liquid fossil or synthetic fuels, with a 'solarization kit' for conversion to hybrid solar operation could meet existing DOD requirements for new systems which are quieter, lighter, and multi-fueled. An estimated 24 percent (33 MW/year) or more could operationally benefit from the solar option. Baseline cost projections indicate levelized energy cost goals of 210 to 120 mills/KWh (15 to 1000 KW systems). Fuel cost escalation is the major factor affecting the value of the solar option. A baseline calculation for fuel at $0.59/gal in spring, 1979, escalating at 8 percent above general inflation indicates a value of $2700/KWe for a solarization kit.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 191-195
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  • 151
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    Siting solar thermal power experiments (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The Small Community Solar Thermal Power Experiment will test a point-focusing, distributed receiver system in a small community, electric utility application. Site planning is becoming increasingly important for solar experiments as well as all kinds of development due to increased competition for desirable sites and increased complexity of regulatory requirements. Siting issues can be categorized as: (1) resources and physical environmental at this site; (2) acquisition, permits and regulations; and (3) development requirements and costs. These issues are addressed with respect to the unique requirements of solar thermal power experiments.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 169-173
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  • 152
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    TBC costing (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Procedures to be used in determining the cost of producing and installing a parabolic dish collector in annual production volumes of 10,000, 50,000, 100,000, and 1,000,000 units include (1) evaluating each individual part for material cost and for the type and number of operations required to work the raw material into the finished part; (2) costing labor, burden, tooling, gaging, machinery, and equipment; (3) estimating facilities requirements for each production volume; and (4) considering suggestions for design and material alterations that could result in cost reduction.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 145-152
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  • 153
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    Line-focus concentrating collector program (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The Line-Focus Concentrating Collector Program has emphasized the development and dissemination of concentrating solar technology in which the reflected sunlight is focused onto a linear or line receiver. Although a number of different types of line-focus concentrators were developed, the parabolic trough has gained the widest acceptance and utilization within the industrial and applications sectors. The trough is best applied for application scenarios which require temperatures between 140 and 600 F. Another concept, the bowl, is investigated for applications which may require temperatures in the range between 600 and 1200 F. Current technology emphases are upon the reduction of system installation cost and the implementation of production oriented engineering.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 27-33
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  • 154
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    Hot-water aquifer storage: A field test (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The basic water injection cycle used in a large-scale field study of heat storage in a confined aquifer near Mobile, Alabama is described. Water was pumped from an upper semi-confined aquifer, passed through a boiler where it was heated to a temperature of about 55 C, and injected into a medium sand confined aquifer. The injection well has a 6-inch (15-cm) partially-penetrating steel screen. The top of the storage formation is about 40 meters below the surface and the formation thickness is about 21 meters. In the first cycle, after a storage period of 51 days, the injection well was pumped until the temperature of the recovered water dropped to 33 c. At that point 55,300 cubic meters of water had been withdrawn and 66 percent of the injected energy had been recovered. The recovery period for the second cycle continued until the water temperature was 27.5 C and 100,100 cubic meters of water was recovered. At the end of the cycle about 90 percent of the energy injected during the cycle had been recovered.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 601-606
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  • 155
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    The SERI solar energy storage program (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: In support of the DOE thermal and chemical energy storage program, the solar energy storage program (SERI) provides research on advanced technologies, systems analyses, and assessments of thermal energy storage for solar applications in support of the Thermal and Chemical Energy Storage Program of the DOE Division of Energy Storage Systems. Currently, research is in progress on direct contact latent heat storage and thermochemical energy storage and transport. Systems analyses are being performed of thermal energy storage for solar thermal applications, and surveys and assessments are being prepared of thermal energy storage in solar applications. A ranking methodology for comparing thermal storage systems (performance and cost) is presented. Research in latent heat storage and thermochemical storage and transport is reported.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 361-374
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  • 156
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    High temperature underground thermal energy storage system for solar energy (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The activities feasibility of high temperature underground thermal storage of energy was investigated. Results indicate that salt cavern storage of hot oil is both technically and economically feasible as a method of storing huge quantities of heat at relatively low cost. One particular system identified utilizes a gravel filled cavern leached within a salt dome. Thermal losses are shown to be less than one percent of cyclically transferred heat. A system like this having a 40 MW sub t transfer rate capability and over eight hours of storage capacity is shown to cost about $13.50 per KWh sub t.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 163-171
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  • 157
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    Sandia Laboratories in-house activities in support of solar thermal large power applications (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The development of thermal energy storage subsystems for solar thermal large power applications is described. The emphasis is on characterizing the behavior of molten nitrate salts with regard to thermal decomposition, environmental interactions, and corrosion. Electrochemical techniques to determine the ionic species in the melt and for use in real time studies of corrosion are also briefly discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 157-161
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  • 158
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    Solar thermal power storage applications lead laboratory overview (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The implementation of the applications elements of the thermal energy storage for Solar Thermal Applications program is described. The program includes the accelerated development of thermal storage technologies matched to solar thermal power system requirements and scheduled milestones. The program concentrates on storage development in the FY80 to 85 time period with emphasis on the more near-term solar thermal power system application.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 113-124
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  • 159
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    Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage Program (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage (STES) Program designed to demonstrate the storage and retrieval of energy on a seasonal basis using heat or cold available from waste or other sources during a surplus period is described. Factors considered include reduction of peak period demand and electric utility load problems and establishment of favorable economics for district heating and cooling systems for commercialization of the technology. The initial thrust of the STES Program toward utilization of ground water systems (aquifers) for thermal energy storage is emphasized.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 25-31
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  • 160
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    Life test results of the NASA standard 20 ampere hour cells (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The data collected from life cycle tests results of a 20-ampere cells are discussed. A total of 50 cells were evaluated.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 321-330
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  • 161
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    TDRSS Battery Life Cycle Tests Interim Report (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The design features of the tracking and data relay satellite system battery are described. Some of the life cycle tests performed on the battery are reported.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 307-320
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  • 162
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    NASA 50 amp hour nickel cadmium battery waste heat determination (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A process for determining the waste heat generated in a 50-ampere-hour, nickel cadmium battery as a function of the discharge rate is described and results are discussed. The technique involved is essentially calibration of the battery as a heat transfer rate calorimeter. The tests are run at three different levels of battery activity, one at 40-watts of waste heat generated, one at 60, and one at 100. Battery inefficiency ranges from 14 to 18 percent at discharge rates of 284 to 588 watts, respectively and top-of-cell temperatures of 20 C.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 269-275
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  • 163
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    Lithium thionyl chloride high rate discharge (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Improvements in high rate lithium thionyl chloride power technology achieved by varying the electrolyte composition, operating temperature, cathode design, and cathode composition are discussed. Discharge capacities are plotted as a function of current density, cell voltage, and temperature.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 121-133
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  • 164
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    NASA/Marshall's lithium battery applications (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A general lithium battery is described and a summary of lithium battery applications is presented. Four aspects of a particular lithium battery, the inducement environmental contamination monitoring battery, are discussed-design and construction details, thermal vacuum tests, projection tests, and acceptance tests.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 57-66
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  • 165
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    NATO: In-orbit experience (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The performance of the NATO-111-A and NATO 111-B satellite battery is reported. The electrical power subsystem is briefly described. The electrical characteristics and the reconditioning experience of the batteries is cited. The in-orbit experience is compared with results of preflight accelerated life tests.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 191-203
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  • 166
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    Characterization of prototype secondary lithium battery (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The performance characteristics of ambient temperature secondary lithium batteries were determined through continuous cycle tests with periodic current and voltage measurements. Cycle life of the lithium anode was found to be an important problem area as was the formation of dentrite breakage and subsequent shorting. Energy density was increased by using more efficient cathode structures.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 147-154
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  • 167
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    Sulfur studies on lithium sulfur dioxide batteries (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Studies investigating the chemistry of the lithium SO2 batteries are described.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 97-110
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  • 168
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    Panel discussion: Bridging the gap technology developing flight hardware (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The development of an engineering data base for aerospace batteries is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: The Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 29-46
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  • 169
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    Aerospace electrode line (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A facility which produces electrodes for spacecraft power supplies is described. The electrode assembly procedures are discussed. A number of design features in the production process are reported including a batch operation mode and an independent equipment module design approach for transfering the electrode materials from process tank to process tank.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 487-491
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  • 170
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    The 20 watt-hour per kilogram nickel cadmium energy storage for Intelsat V (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The life durability of a nickel cadmium energy storage battery for the INTELSAT 5 Satellite is discussed. Configuration performance characteristics of the battery are given as well as a summary of some of the flight battery tests.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 287-306
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  • 171
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    Pocket nickel cadmium cell and battery evaluation (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The Nickel Cadmium 129-ampere hour cell was tested in order to characterize the cell under controlled conditions. Results of charge characterization and discharge characterization are reported. Ampere hour efficiency, open circuit stand, and cycle life operation results are included. The battery is briefly described.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 377-388
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  • 172
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    Parallel 50 ampere hour nickel cadmium battery performance in the Modular Power Subsystems (MPS) (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The thermal performance of 50-ampere-hour, nickel cadmium batteries for use in a modular spacecraft is examined in near-Earth orbit simulation. Battery voltage and temperature profiles for temperature extreme cycles are given and discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 261-268
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  • 173
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    Update of the IUE battery in-flight performance (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The in-flight performance data of two 17-cell, 6-ampere-hour nickel cadmium spacecraft batteries are presented covering 22 months of operation. Fluctuations in the battery voltage and the battery temperature are presented for spacecraft movement throughout a beta range of 0 to 130 deg. The battery discharge voltages during the peak eclipse seasons, daily seasons, and daily eclipse periods are noted. Finally, the spacecraft data are compared to data from a 6-ampere-hour test pack and test flight data.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 215-229
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  • 174
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    The Exxon rechargeable cells (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The design and performance of ambient temperature secondary cells based on the titanium disulfide cathode are discussed. These limited performance products were developed for microelectronic applications such as solar rechargeable watches and clocks which require low drain rate and do not require many deep cycles.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 169-178
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  • 175
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    Lithium battery discharge tests (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The long term discharge of a variety of lithium cells was characterized and the susceptibility of the cells to chemical variation during the slow discharge was tested. A shunt resistor was set across the terminals to monitor the voltage as a function of time. Failures were identified by premature voltage drops.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 135-146
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  • 176
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    Galileo lithium/SO2 (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The current status of the Galileo lithium SO2 battery is described. The following general requirements of the battery are discussed: (1) electrical characteristics, (2) storage, (3) reliability, and (4) performance.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 83-95
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  • 177
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    Recommendations of OSTA Flight Technology Improvement Workshop-Power Subsystems panel (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The recommendations of the power subsystems panel are discussed; The thrust is directed at radiometric problems. Areas that need development are defined for both spacecraft power subsystems and power supplies for experiments and instruments.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 13-27
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  • 178
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    Coolidge solar powered irrigation pumping project (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A 150 kW solar thermal electric power plant which includes over 2100 square meters of parabolic trough type collectors and an organic Rankine cycle turbine engine was constructed on an irrigated farm. The plant is interconnected with the electrical utility grid. Operation is providing an evaluation of equipment performance and operating and maintenance requirements as well as the desirability of an on farm location.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 229-233
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  • 179
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    A study of mass production and installation of small solar thermal electric power systems (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Technological constraints, materials availability, production capacity, and manufacturing and installations plans and costs at different production levels are included in a study of concentrating collector industrialization. As cobalt for the engine and receiver is supply limited, alternative lower temperature alloys and higher temperature materials such as ceramics are discussed. Economics and production efficiency favor co-location of cellular and thin glass production for reflectors. Assembly and installation are expensive for small sites and few alternatives exist to apply mass production techniques to lower these costs for the selected design. Stepping motors in the size and quantities required are not commercially available today but could be in the future.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 211-215
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  • 180
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    The dish-Rankine SCSTPE program (Engineering Experiment no. 1) (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Activities planned for phase 2 Of the Small Community Solar Thermal Power Experiment (PFDR) program are summarized with emphasis on a dish-Rankine point focusing distributed receiver solar thermal electric system. Major design efforts include: (1) development of an advanced concept indirect-heated receiver;(2) development of hardware and software for a totally unmanned power plant control system; (3) implementation of a hybrid digital simulator which will validate plant operation prior to field testing; and (4) the acquisition of an efficient organic Rankine cycle power conversion unit. Preliminary performance analyses indicate that a mass-produced dish-Rankine PFDR system is potentially capable of producing electricity at a levelized busbar energy cost of 60 to 70 mills per KWh and with a capital cost of about $1300 per KW.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 159-167
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  • 181
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    Cost estimating Brayton and Stirling engines (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Brayton and Stirling engines were analyzed for cost and selling price for production quantities ranging from 1000 to 400,000 units per year. Parts and components were subjected to indepth scrutiny to determine optimum manufacturing processes coupled with make or buy decisions on materials and small parts. Tooling and capital equipment costs were estimated for each detail and/or assembly. For low annual production volumes, the Brayton engine appears to have a lower cost and selling price than the Stirling Engine. As annual production quantities increase, the Stirling becomes a lower cost engine than the Brayton. Both engines could benefit cost wise if changes were made in materials, design and manufacturing process as annual production quantities increase.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 153-158
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  • 182
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    The JPL flux mapper (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The flux mapper is a device that can map the intensity distribution in three dimensions of concentrated solar energy at the focus of a concentrator. Intensities to 10,000 solar constants can be measured. Constructed to assist in concentrator and receiver development, it consists of a radiometer which is moved through the concentrated sunlight in a series of planes perpendicular to the optical axis by means of a mechanical rastering device. Various radiometer probes can be utilized depending on the time and accuracy requirements of the program. Energy levels are recorded as a function of location. Reduction of this data can be in various formats, e.g., contour maps, digital arrays, isometric visualizations and other displays as the user requires.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 133-137
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  • 183
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    The SCSTPE organic Rankine engine (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The organic Rankine cycle engine under consideration for a solar thermal system being developed is described. Design parameters, method of control, performance and cost data are provided for engine power levels up to 80 kWe; efficiency is shown as a function of turbine inlet temperature in the range of 149 C to 427 C.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 99-105
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  • 184
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    The development of an air Brayton and a steam Rankine solar receiver (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: An air Brayton and a steam Rankine solar receiver now under development are described. These cavity receivers accept concentrated insolation from a single point focus, parabolic concentrator, and use this energy to heat the working fluid. Both receivers were designed for a solar input of 85 kw. The air Brayton receiver heats the air to 816 C. A metallic plate-fin heat transfer surface is used in this unit to effect the energy transfer. The steam Rankine receiver was designed as a once-through boiler with reheat. The receiver heats the water to 704 C to produce steam at 17.22 MPa in the boiler section. The reheat section operates at 1.2 MPA, reheating the steam to 704 C.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 75-85
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  • 185
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    Preliminary operational results from the Willard solar power system (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The solar powered system located near Willard, New Mexico, generates mechanical or electrical power at a capacity of 19 kW (25 HP). The solar collection system incorporates east/west tracking parabolic trough collectors with a total aperture area of 1275 sq m (13,720 sq ft). The hot oil type thermal energy storage is sufficient for approximately 20 hours of power system operation. The system utilizes a reaction type turbine in conjunction with an organic Rankine cycle engine. Total collector field efficiency reaches a maximum of 20 percent near the winter solstice and about 50 percent during the summer. During the month of July, 1979, the system pumped 60 percent of the 35,300 cu m (28.6 acre-feet) of water delivered. Operating efficiencies for the turbine component, organic Rankine cycle engine and the complete power system are respectively 65 to 75 percent, 12 to 15 percent and 5 to 6 percent. Significant maintenance time was expended on both the collector and power systems throughout the operational period.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 241-246
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  • 186
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    JPL's parabolic dish test site (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A parabolic dish test site (PDTS) was established in the California Mojave Desert to carry out work in testing solar point focusing concentrator systems and related hardware. The site was chosen because of its high solar insolation level and year around clear sky conditions. The various facilities and equipment at the PDTS, and the concentrator experiments being performed are described.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 119-123
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  • 187
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    An organic Rankine receiver for the SCSTPE program (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The organic Rankine cycle receiver which is presently being developed is described. The receiver employs an integrated cavity/pool boiler which permits the design of a small, lightweight, low cost and efficient moderate temperature receiver for use in a dish-Rankine solar thermal system.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 87-93
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  • 188
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    Test Bed Concentrator (TBC) (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A point focussing concentrator design adapted from an existing communications antenna for use in a solar test bed application is described. The structure design, configured for use with JPL's spherical radius mirror panels, made no attempt toward optimization. The key objectives of stiffness, pointing accuracy, and timely delivery were exceeded. The system weight is approximately 16,000 Kg (36,000 lbs) and has a calculated 1 sigma system error of 0.03 degrees.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the First Semiann. Distributed Receiver Program Rev.; p 35-39
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  • 189
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    Building heating and cooling applications thermal energy storage program overview (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Thermal energy storage technology and development of building heating and cooling applications in the residential and commercial sectors is outlined. Three elements are identified to undergo an applications assessment, technology development, and demonstration. Emphasis is given to utility load management thermal energy system application where the stress is on the 'customer side of the meter'. Thermal storage subsystems for space conditioning and conservation means of increased thermal mass within the building envelope and by means of low-grade waste heat recovery are covered.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 191-201
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  • 190
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    Industrial storage applications overview (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The implementation of a technology demonstration for the food processing industry, development and technology demonstrations for selected near-term, in-plant applications and advanced industrial applications of thermal energy storage are overviewed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Thermal Energy Storage; p 85-94
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  • 191
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    Program definition and assessment overview (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The implementation of a program level assessment of thermal energy storage technology thrusts for the near and far term to assure overall coherent energy storage program is considered. The identification and definition of potential thermal energy storage applications, definition of technology requirements, and appropriate market sectors are discussed along with the necessary coordination, planning, and preparation associated with program reviews, workshops, multi-year plans and annual operating plans for the major laboratory tasks.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Thermal Energy Storage; p 38-41
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  • 192
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    Life and stability testing of packaged low-cost energy storage materials (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Thermal cycling and performance tests, performed to verify the package integrity, life, and stability of the chub packaged materials system for storage coolness with application to residential air conditioning, are described. The moisture vapor retention characteristics of the laminate film for long term chub performance was determined. The stability, mechanical integrity, and thermal performance of chubs following mechanical shock, vibration, and temperature extremes is reported.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 277-281
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  • 193
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    High-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage systems for solar applications (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Alkali and alkaline earth carbonate latent-heat storage salts, metallic containment materials, and thermal conductivity enhancement materials were investigated to satisfy the high temperature (704 to 871 C) thermal energy storage requirements of advanced solar-thermal power generation concepts are described. Properties of the following six salts selected for compatibility studies are given: three pure carbonates, K2CO3, Li2CO3 and Na2CO3; two eutectic mixtures, BaCO3/Na2CO3 and K2CO3/NaCO3, and one off-eutectic mixture of Na2CO3/K2CO3.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 183-190
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  • 194
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    Internally insulated thermal storage system development program (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A cost effective thermal storage system for a solar central receiver power system using molten salt stored in internally insulated carbon steel tanks is described. Factors discussed include: testing of internal insulation materials in molten salt; preliminary design of storage tanks, including insulation and liner installation; optimization of the storage configuration; and definition of a subsystem research experiment to demonstrate the system. A thermal analytical model and analysis of a thermocline tank was performed. Data from a present thermocline test tank was compared to gain confidence in the analytical approach. A computer analysis of the various storage system parameters (insulation thickness, number of tanks, tank geometry, etc.,) showed that (1) the most cost-effective configuration was a small number of large cylindrical tanks, and (2) the optimum is set by the mechanical constraints of the system, such as soil bearing strength and tank hoop stress, not by the economics.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Thermal Energy Storage; p 141-155
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  • 195
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    Unbekannt
    RCA Satcom: In-orbit experience (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The system characteristics of the Satcom batteries and Satcom power system are briefly discussed. Performance of the nickel cadmium 22 cell batteries onboard in parallel with independent redundant charges providing the charge rates is reported. Performance onboard reconditioning with individual cell bypasses with 1 ohm resistors is discussed for the F-1 and F-2 spacecraft.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 205-213
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 196
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    The practical limit of loading nickel hydroxide electrodes (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The effect of compression loads on positive nickel hydroxide electrodes is reported. Results show the electrodes could be compressed up to 20,000 kilograms without any change in capacity.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 461-468
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 197
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Battery reconditioning, summary of TRW experience (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The data collected from the results of battery reconditioning accumulated from three different spacecraft programs are summarized. The basic design characteristics of the programs are also presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 331-342
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 198
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Cell short circuit, preshort signature (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Short-circuit events observed in ground test simulations of DSCS-3 battery in-orbit operations are analyzed. Voltage signatures appearing in the data preceding the short-circuit event are evaluated. The ground test simulation is briefly described along with performance during reconditioning discharges. Results suggest that a characteristic signature develops prior to a shorting event.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 367-375
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 199
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    The LDEF heat pipe experiment power systems (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A heatpipe experiment for a long duration exposure facility is described. The design and configuration of the power system of the spacecraft is reported with emphasis placed on its solar array panels, 12-ampere hour 18-cell nickel battery, and its electronic controller.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 277-284
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 200
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Update, comparing different plate treatments and design (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Eight electrochemical cells were tested for precycling capacity and compared. The cell design variables included teflon treatment, silver treatment, light loading, and a polypropylene separator. Data are presented in tabular form.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 493-497
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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