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  • Articles  (16)
  • 79.20  (8)
  • kinetics  (8)
  • 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects
  • Springer  (16)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Copernicus
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • 1975-1979  (16)
  • 1979  (16)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (16)
Collection
  • Articles  (16)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (16)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Copernicus
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Years
  • 1975-1979  (16)
Year
Topic
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (16)
  • Physics  (8)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sputtering mechanism for low-energy light ions (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 391-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.80 ; 79.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The computer simulation program MARLOWE which follows the trajectories of energetic ions and recoiling target atoms in solids has been used to calculate sputtering yields for low energy (0.1–10keV) light ions (H, D, T,4He). Recoil energy densities were calculated for comparison with analytical theories. The sputtering yields obtained for amorphous Fe agree within a factor of two with experimentally measured values for polycrystalline stainless steel, while the calculated yields for protons on amorphous molybdenum are more than twice the experimental values on polycrystalline material. The calculations show that in the parameter range investigated, ions backscattered in the solid contribute a major part to sputtering. This result confirms earlier calculations of the threshold energy for sputtering which are in agreement with recent measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899693
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some investigations of moderators for slow positron beams (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.70 ; 82.65 ; 79.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements were made on a low-energy positron beam apparatus in an attempt to increase the efficiency of the slow positron yield from radioisotopes. A study was made to sweep thermalized positrons to the surface of a silicon wafer with an applied electric field at 298 and 140 K. Temperature studies were also made on more conventional Pt and Pt+MgO powder moderators and the results are discussed. The role of the MgO powder has been clarified, though fundamental questions remain. The positron apparatus beam and relevant information regarding sources, temperature and magnetic fields are discussed in sufficient detail so that such a slow positron beam utilizing a “conventional” slow positron moderator could be easily duplicated for use in solid state studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900467
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristic energy loss measurements of slow electrons on clean and adsorbate-covered Ru(001) (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20 ; 79.60.-i
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Characteristic energy losses of low energy electrons backscattered from Ru(001) have been measured under conditions of very low primary electron currents for the clean and the CO- or oxygen-covered surface. The main losses found for the clean and the CO-covered surface are similar to those observed as XPS core satellites which may mean that the influences of the core hole on the initial and the final states of the valence shake-up are about the same. A peak in the secondary electron spectrum of the clean surface is found at 11 eV which is changed by adsorption. The results are discussed in terms of the excitations of the metal and the adsorbates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00885507
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment on “Evaluation of concentration-depth profiles by sputtering in SIMS and AES” by S. Hofmann (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 425-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The statistics of the sputtering process, which has been used to explain sputterbroadening effect due to surface roughness, has been treated with conditional probabilities. This results in the relationship, $${{\Delta z} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Delta z} z}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} z} \propto \sqrt {(1 + \overline \gamma )/z} $$ , instead of $${{\Delta z} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Delta z} z}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} z} \propto {1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {\sqrt z }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sqrt z }}$$ derived by S. Hofmann [Appl. Phys.9, 59 (1976)], where δz,z, and $$\overline \gamma $$ are the depth resolution, sputtered depth and sputtering yield, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899698
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-frequency breakdown and paschen law (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 377-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 52 ; 77.20 ; 79.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the present paper an attempt has been made to draw theoretically a correlation between the well-known Paschen curve and the high-frequency breakdown characteristic of a gas device by interpreting electron mean free path in terms of the frequency of the applied field. The analytical high-frequency breakdown characteristic, so obtained, agree fairly well with the experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00930100
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An RBS technique for measurement of the erosion rate of ion implanted films (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20 ; 34
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The glancing incidence Rutherford backscattering method is used to study the erosion of aluminium films during bombardment by 10 keV Ar+ ions. It is found that the erosion rate of the firm is about one third the value expected and also that the depth profile of previously implanted 80 ke VPb+ ions changes during the erosion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00932396
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer simulation of low-energy sputtering in the binary collision approximation (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 381-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The sputtering of amorphous Cu targets by low-energy atoms has been investigated in the binary collision approximation using the computer program MARLOWE. Particular attention was given to the influence of the surface binding model on the results. Calculations were made of the dependence of the sputtering yield on the incident particle direction, energy, and mass. Angular-, energy-, and yield-distributions of the ejected atoms were evaluated. Comparisons with experimental results on polycrystalline targets show that the planar surface binding model is to be preferred over the isotropic surface binding model, especially with regard to the angular- and energy-distributions. Calculated yields are in reasonable agreement with experiment at energies below about 1 keV, but deviate at higher energies, apparently because of crystal correlation effects that are neglected in the amorphous model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899692
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment on relative ion sputtering yield measurements by integration of secondary ion energy distribution using a retarding-dispersive ion energy analyzer (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 221-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The location and width of the peak in the sputtered ion energy distributions of W+ from the clean surface can be explained by a simple power dependence on energy for the ionization probability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00934420
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-solid reactions, I: Experimental study of barium metatitanate synthesis (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 77-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: BaTiO3 ; kinetics ; solid state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The solid-state reaction between barium carbonate and rutile powders to form barium metatitanate BaTiO3 was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, X rays, and microscopy. Phase-stability domains were drawn in a temperature— $${\text{p}}_{CO_2 } $$ , diagram. The dependence of the reaction kinetics on $${\text{p}}_{CO_2 } $$ , $${\text{p}}_{O_2 } $$ or $${\text{p}}_{N_2 } $$ is discussed. In particular, the rate continuously decreases when $${\text{p}}_{CO_2 } $$ , or $${\text{p}}_{N_2 } $$ increases, but it reaches a maximum as a function of $${\text{p}}_{O_2 } $$ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00715871
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The oxidation of Fe-Cr surface and bulk alloys at 300°C (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 283-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; surface alloys ; Fe-Cr alloys ; iron ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation behavior of several surface and bulk Fe-Cr alloys and iron at 300°C and 4×10−6 Torr oxygen was studied. The surface alloys were fabricated by implantation of 25 keV Cr ions into the outermost 300Å of polycrystalline iron samples. The oxide thickness as a function of oxygen exposure was obtained using proton-excited X-ray analysis, and composition profiles of oxide films were obtained using Auger electron spectroscopy and ion sputtering. The addition of Cr to Fe by surface and bulk alloying caused the oxidation rate to decrease and changed the oxidation kinetics from parabolic (for Fe) to logarithmic (for Cr concentrations ≥4.7at.%). Interpretation of the data in terms of simple oxidation theories indicates that the Cr additions may reduce the oxidation rate by altering the electronic properties of the metal-oxide interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00603672
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of Fe-C alloys at 700°C (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 255-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; Fe-C ; graphite deposition ; nonadherent oxide ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of Fe-C alloys containing 0.5 and 1.0% C was studied in 1 atm O2 at 700° C. The oxidation rate is considerably slower than for pure Fe. The oxide scale formed is detached, multilayered, and overoxidized, containing little or no FeO. A thin film of graphite was identified at the metal-oxide interface by electron diffraction. It is proposed that the slow oxidation and abnormal scale are caused by a residue of graphite left at the metal surface from the oxidation of Fe3C. This inhibition of the oxidation of Fe by carbon at 700°C is in contrast to the stimulation observed at 500°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00603670
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics interpretation of NiO electrical conductivity under low oxygen pressures (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 301-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: NiO ; Electrical conductivity ; gas-solid equilibria ; kinetics ; equivalent circuit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In a previous work it has been stated that the NiO electrical conductivity changes connected to the oxygen pressure changes may be considered as a transitory phenomenon. A mixed kinetics case controlled by the formation of surface cation vacancies and their diffusion in the bulk is proposed to explain the reaction process. By means of an equivalent electrical circuit in good agreement with the kinetics model it was possible to reproduce the experimental phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609302
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and mechanism of high-temperature sulfur corrosion of Fe-Cr-Al alloys (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 481-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: kinetics ; sulfidation ; Fe-Cr-Al alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of aluminium on the kinetics and mechanism of high-temperature sulfidation of Fe-Cr alloys containing 20 at.% chromium has been investigated. It has been found that the addition of aluminum greatly improves the scaling resistance of Fe-Cr alloys against attack by sulfur vapors at high temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00812774
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature oxidation of Fe-24 wt.%Cr (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 437-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Fe-Cr ; oxidation ; kinetics ; oxide morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Ferritic polycrystalline Fe-24 wt.% Cr was oxidized in pure oxygen at 190 ≤ T≤490° C and pressures in the range 5.3×10−2–13.3 Pa for periods of up to 5 hr. The reaction proceeded in three stages. An initial period of accelerating rate was accompanied by oxide island nucleation and growth. Following island coalescence the rate was approximately logarithmic at low temperatures and somewhat slower than parabolic at high temperatures. Rate control during this period was thought to be due to mass transport through the oxide grain boundaries left by the island impingement process. During these first two stages the oxide formed was γ-M2O3 with possibly some spinel. The final stage of reaction involved the appearance of α-M2O3 on the outer oxide surface and a substantial slowing of the oxidation rate due to the low diffusivity in this phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00605109
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-solid reactions, II: Mechanism of barium metatitanate synthesis (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 89-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: BaTiO3 ; kinetics ; solid state ; mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The authors propose a mechanism for the solid-solid reaction BaCO3+ TiO2→BaTiO3+CO2. This mechanism is based on the real structure of the present semiconductors. The reactions at different interfaces and the diffusing species are identified. The reaction rates are calculated and the dependence of the reaction rate upon O2, N2, and CO2 gas pressure is interpreted and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00715872
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of high-chromium Ni-Cr alloys (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 119-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: nickel-chromium alloys ; oxidation ; high temperature ; kinetics ; mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of binary Ni-Cr alloys containing 44 and 50 wt. % Cr has been studied over a range of oxygen partial pressures at temperatures between 800 and 1100°C. The effects of cold work, surface preparation, and distribution of the Cr-rich second phase have been studied. The oxidation behavior is complex and cannot be described by a single model. The oxide grows by short-circuit diffusion as well as bulk transport through Cr 2 O 3 scales. The scale-growth mechanism includes extensive metal-oxide separation requiring Cr vapor transport to the scale, compressive stresses within the oxide which result in scale bulging and cracking, and the formation of a second oxide layer which results in voids being incorporated into the scale. Any factor which reduces the oxide grain size, such as cold work, finer distribution of the Cr-rich α phase or reduced oxygen pressure, results in an increased oxidation rate of binary alloys because of an increased number of grain-boundary short-circuit diffusion paths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00611976
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