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  • Chemical Engineering  (977)
  • 1980-1984  (547)
  • 1975-1979  (430)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1935-1939
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (547)
  • 1979  (430)
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  • 1980-1984  (547)
  • 1975-1979  (430)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1935-1939
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 1-24 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methods for estimating mutual diffusion coefficients for polymer-solvent systems are reviewed. Procedures are recommended for the determination of the temperature, concentration, and molecular weight dependences of diffusivities both for dilute and concentrated solutions.
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  • 2
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 57-64 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microscopic observations and Coulter counter measurements of the secondary nuclei produced when a parent crystal of potash alum was contacted with a solid rod suggest that these nuclei are born by an attrition mechanism which appears to be dependent on the growth rate of the crystal. The nuclei can be up to 50 μm in size. The nuclei smaller than about 4 μm are relatively insensitive to supersaturation, whereas the number greater than about 4 μm is approximately linear in supersaturation.
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  • 3
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 87-100 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The operation of two arrangements of multistage adsorption beds, parallel and series, was analyzed, and the optimal design problem of minimizing the capital and operating costs of the multistage adsorption bed systems was formulated. Solution of the optimization problem was obtained by using the Fibonacci search scheme. For the purpose of the study, data on the adsorption of liquid on activated carbon were taken from the literature for both single solute and multisolute adsorption systems and was used to derive the expressions for adsorption rate and the equilibrium relationship. Details of the performance of the optimally designed multistage adsorption bed systems are presented in terms of the physical and design parameters.
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  • 4
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 122-131 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method is presented for predicting absorption rates for liquid layers flowing along a wall. It is based on results presently available in the literature as well as on the results of studies we recently carried out on the rate of oxygen absorption from a flowing air stream into water layers on the bottom of a horizontal enclosed channel and on the inside of a vertical pipe. Absorption measurements can be interpreted by assuming that the process is controlled by eddies whose length and velocity are characterized by bulk turbulence properties and that in a region of thickness δ close to the interface the turbulence is dampened by viscosity.
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  • 5
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 160-170 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The feasibility of new solid/liquid separation processes, such as solids removal from oil and certain tertiary oil recovery techniques, can be evaluated by a thermodynamic stability analysis of possible liquid-liquid-particle configurations. The thermodynamic stability and hence feasibility of two possible liquid-liquid-particle separation process is predicted by use of a free energy analysis. Stability is shown to depend primarily on droplet/particle size ratio (n) and three phase contact angle (θ). Stability criteria are presented which can be applied to many particle and liquid separation processes.
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  • 6
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 183-185 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 7
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 192-196 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 9
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 208-208 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 10
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 11
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 240-246 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two-phase, annular flow of gases and non-Newtonian liquids through horizontal pipes is modeled, and a prediction method for pressure drop and gas volume fraction is proposed. The prediction method consists of a modification, based upon shear rate dependence of the apparent viscosity of the liquid phase, of Lockhart-Martinelli correlations for Newtonian liquids. The model applies to the case of laminar flow of the annular liquid film. Experimental data, obtained with several aqueous polymer solutions and air, agree closely with predicted values of pressure drop and void fraction.
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  • 12
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 266-272 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of step polymerization involving a monomer with unequal reactivities has been obtained. The polydisperity index (PDI) has also been calculated both as a function of conversion and the initial stoichiometric ratio. It has been shown that the usually assumed maximum value of 2 for PDI can lead to erroneous molecular weight.
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  • 13
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 320-327 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous pH parametric pumping separations of a haemoglobin-albumin-CM Sepharose system were experimentally investigated. The parapump has a feed containing the protein mixture to be separated, introduced alternately to the top and bottom of the chromatographic column. The top and bottom products are withdrawn from the apparatus, respectively, during the bottom and top feed. It is shown that under certain conditions the pH driven parametric pump has the capacity for removal of protein components from one product fraction and large enrichment in the other fraction. Moreover, the continuous process can be operated with a large feed throughput.
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  • 14
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 359-362 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 15
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 368-370 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 16
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 382-383 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 17
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 382-382 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 18
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 383-383 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 19
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 188-190 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 20
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 200-201 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 21
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 22
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 209-219 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study is made of the structure and properties of material balance simulation problems, and a technique is developed for their efficient solution. The method requires neither simultaneous solution of all balance equations nor iterative convergence methods. Instead, for each stream mixing point in the flow sheet, a vector balance equation is developed which contains as unknowns only mixer output streams. This unique set of vector equations is sequenced for solution by using precedence ordering and substitution techniques. It is shown that only as many vector equations need to be solved simultaneously as there are streams which would require iteration in the conventional sequential approach. Once the mixer output streams are calculated, the remaining intermediate process streams are evaluated directly with no further equation solving. Computational results are presented showing the efficiency of the method.
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  • 23
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 246-258 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Motionless mixers are well suited to augment heat transfer and to provide a uniform thermal environment in laminar flow reactors. Heat transfer performance can be characterized with the Nusselt number, while the degree of thermal homogeneity can be characterized using the thermal time distribution which is the nonisothermal analogue of the residence time distribution. Theoretical results, calculations, and design strategies are presented for a variety of mixer types including flow inverters as well as the more common flow dividers. Two-channel, partial flow inversion is an excellent, near optimal, strategy for cooling or other situations such as polymerizations which give elongated velocity profiles. For flattened velocity profiles, perfect mixing can sometimes give better results. In practice, however, partial inverters can be expected to outperform those motionless mixers which are primarily flow dividers.
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  • 24
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 258-266 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The equation of motion for the two phase flow within a bubble column, operated within the recirculation flow regime, has been solved, and the profile of liquid flow has been determined. Nicklin's relation for the bubble flow regime has been extended to the recirculation flow regime.Data analysis shows that the mean slip velocity between bubble and liquid is approximately constant and that the kinematic turbulent viscosity increases rapidly with increasing diameter of the column. These observations lead to the conclusion that scale-up has but little influence upon the mean gas holdup.
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  • 25
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 289-297 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mathematical methods employed recently in a theoretical study by Uppal et al. (1974) are applied to the second-order homogeneous reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrogen peroxide and are combined with experimental investigations of that reaction using a nonadiabatic continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). A complete portrayal of the expected behavior of that reaction system is presented in parameter space. Some new experimental studies of reactor instabilities are presented and linked to that portrayal. Close agreement is shown between theoretical predictions and experimental data.
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  • 26
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 538-542 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 27
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 549-551 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 28
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 557-558 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 29
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 600-609 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mathematical modeling of a periodically cycled plate column has been completed by using a liquid bypass model to describe nonideal liquid draining. A numerical solution over a wide range of parameters provides a closed envelope of feasible solutions. A region of this envelope encloses favorable operating values of the parameters, while the other region is unfavorable. Measurements of the parameters for nonideal liquid draining in a 600 mm diameter column fitted with sieve plates lead to predictions of only small improvements in separation performance. Modifications to the column intervals are required to move the parameters into a more favorable position in the solution envelope.
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  • 30
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 645-653 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general treatment of fugacities of liquid mixtures yields the proper thermodynamic functions for dealing with nonidealities of liquid phases in equilibrium with vapor mixtures for systems containing supercritical components. The activity coefficients of the supercritical components may be based on standard state fugacities for the hypothetical pure liquids or on Henry's constants. A comparison of the rigorous thermodynamic equations which apply to the liquid phase for the two alternatives shows that they are equivalent.
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  • 31
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 686-697 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper considers the transfer of mass or heat between a fluid and a small amplitude solid wavy surface. A periodic variation of the transfer rate can occur because of wave induced variations of the normal convective flow and of the properties of the turbulence. Solutions of the mass balance equations are presented for the laminar flow at a large Schmidt number or Prandtl number and for turbulent flow at large and small wave numbers. For turbulent flows at intermediate wave numbers, the prediction is limited by inadequacies of present theories that model the wave induced variation in the turbulent diffusion of heat or mass. In order to provide guidance for this modeling, new measurements on the variation of the mass transfer rate along a solid wavy surface are presented for a Schmidt number of 729. An analogy between momentum and mass transfer is explored as a means for evaluating the turbulent diffusion terms.The amplitude of the function describing the mass transfer variation is found to decrease with decreasing wave number and the phase to increase with decreasing wave number. The phase angle and the amplitude of the variation in the mass transfer rate relative to the average mass transfer rate are insensitive to changes in Schmidt number or Prandtl number. For turbulent flows, the phase change can be large enough that the maximum in the mass transfer rate can exist somewhere in the trough of the wave. This result is of considerable significance in interpreting wavelike dissolution patterns.
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  • 32
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 716-717 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 33
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 763-773 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical and experimental analysis of self-inducting turbo aerator performance was carried out based on the theory of water jet injector operation. It was shown that the aerator's injection coefficient is completely determined by only two dimensionless groups, CH and EuG, between which there is a single valued dependence on whose basis generalization of experimental data is possible. An analytical expression for the optimality criterion or aerator performance index, accounting for aerator gas capacity, power consumption, and submergence, has been obtained in terms of CH and EuG with only one adjustable parameter. From the above two dependencies, a methodology was developed for determining optimal operating conditions, by means of which all the data necessary for the optimal design can be obtained from the results of bench scale experiment.
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 773-781 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A series of seven coals of different ranks and from various locations were heated in air under relatively mild conditions to measure the rates of oxidation and the production of carbonic gases in the effluent stream. The gas flow rate, coal particle size, and reactor temperature were changed as independent variables. Each sample was exposed for from 6 to 9 hr under atmospheric pressure at temperatures in the range of 200° to 250°C. The results show two kinds of rate behavior depending primarily on the relative porosity of the coal under study. The small pore coals followed the expectations of the earlier Kam-Hixson-Perlmutter (KHP) model, but the large pore coals gave rates sensitive to transport effects. Correlations were also obtained on the ratio of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide produced and on the relationship between the carbon content of an exposed coal and its heating value.
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The semi-empirical Pitzer equation for modeling equilibrium in aqueous electrolyte systems has been extended in a thermodynamically consistent manner to allow for molecular as well as ionic solutes. Under limiting conditions, the extended model reduces to the well-known Setschenow equation for the salting out effect of molecular solutes. To test the validity of the model, correlations of vapor-liquid equilibrium data were carried out for three systems: the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution at 298.15°K and concentrations up to 18 molal; the NH3-CO2 aqueous solution studied by Van Krevelen et al. (1949) at 293.15°K; and the K2CO3-CO2 aqueous solution of the Hot Carbonate Process with temperatures from 343.15°K to 413.15°K and concentrations up to 40 weight percent equivalent potassium carbonate. The success of the correlations suggests the validity of the model for aqueous electrolyte systems of industrial interest.
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 839-843 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Carbon dioxide and hydrogen will react over iron at 800° to 1 000°K and 1 bar pressure yielding water, carbon monoxide, methane, and carbon. In addition, iron oxides and carbides form during reaction. Phase diagrams are used to analyze this complex reaction system. Data are presented which suggest that the formation of magnetite (Fe3O4) or wustite (FexO) inhibits carbon formation. The water yield thus observed is limited by the time dependent iron-iron oxide-gas equilibrium. Preliminary data also suggest that the formation of carbides has little effect on water yield.
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 843-855 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Drag coefficient and relative motion correlations for dispersed two-phase flows of bubbles, drops, and particles were developed from simple similarity criteria and a mixture viscosity model. The results are compared with a number of experimental data, and satisfactory agreements are obtained at wide ranges of the particle concentration and Reynolds number. Characteristics differences between fluid particle systems and solid particle systems at higher Reynolds numbers or at higher concentration regimes were successfully predicted by the model. Results showed that the drag law in various dispersed two-phase flows could be put on a general and unified base by the present method.
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 863-872 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The operation of a periodically forced chemostat (CSTR) in which two microbial populations compete for the same nutrient has been examined. Easily implemented criteria for the stability of the resulting cycles have been obtained, using the Floquet stability theory. After examining several possibilities it was found that stable periodic trajectories of coexistence can be achieved: (a) when the dilution rate of the chemostat is properly varied in a periodic manner between two values so chosen that the growth of one population is favored by the first and the growth of the other population is favored by the second, (b) when a certain percentage of biomass and growing medium is harvested periodically from the chemostat, and (c) when both the dilution rate and the concentration of the substrate in the feed are varied simultaneously and in a periodic manner.
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 893-895 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 40
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 895-899 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 903-905 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 906-906 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 900-903 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    Notes: This study concerns the determination of stagnation point and minimum pressure point film thicknesses when a vertical flat plate is withdrawn from a reservoir containing non-Newtonian liquids. Upon consideration of three types of liquids, namely, Ellis, power law, and Bingham liquids, it has been found that stagnation point or minimum pressure point film thickness is a function of two parameters, one characterizing the liquid and the other representing parallel flow film thickness. It has also been shown that in the case of power law liquids, both the stagnation point and minimum pressure point exist, while in the case of Bingham liquids, the existence of one or both the points for a given nondimensional parallel flow film thickness depends upon the value of the Bingham number. Furthermore, it has been found that there may be situations when both the points can coincide; for example, in the case of Newtonian liquids, the two points coincide if the parallel flow film thickness is \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \sqrt {2 - \sqrt 3 } $\end{document}.
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 907-908 
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 909-909 
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 910-911 
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979) 
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 931-938 
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    Notes: An empirical correlation for calculating third virial coefficients of nonpolar gases is developed in agreement with the corresponding states theorem. This equation requires the use of a third parameter which can be estimated from molecular parameters. The method is reliable, even for systems where no experimental data are available. The extension to mixtures involves one interaction constant for all possible binary sets.
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 913-930 
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    Notes: Three modes or types of sedimentation are recognized in flocculent suspensions: Clarification, in which floccules are separated and settle independently; zone settling, in which floccules are incorporated into some solids structure so that all are constrained to subside at more or less the same rate; and compression or compaction, in which the solids structure is strong enough to exhibit a compressive yield value. Current models for sedimentation in the three modes are reviewed, with particular emphasis on their use and reliability (or lack of it) for sedimentation basin design. Most models of thickening presented in the literature derive from a basic partial differential equation for force balance. Models differ in which terms of the equation are disregarded. Several of the theories of compaction are essentially equivalent solutions for the same model, but with different sets of independent variables.
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 938-948 
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    Notes: Measurements were made of the drag coefficients of smooth solid particles moving singly through still air at Reynolds numbers in the range of 103 to 104. Spheres were observed during acceleration, deceleration and at terminal velocity. Discs were tested during acceleration and at steady velocity. Other particles in the shapes of discs, circular cylinders and rectangular parallelepipeds were tested at steady velocity in their preferred and, in some cases, non-preferred orientations. The effects of non-steady velocity and of particle form were determined. An unexpected influence of particle density was observed for some of the particles.
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 948-958 
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    Notes: Secondary nucleation kinetics for potash alum in draft-tube baffled crystallizers have been determined from steady state crystal size distributions measured down to about 5 μm. Differences in nucleation rates were found for crystallizers of similar geometry but different capacity. Models relating the frequency of crystal/propeller collisions to crystallizer geometry and operating parameters were compared. In general, these successfully accounted for the observed differences in nucleation rates.
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 966-975 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    Notes: Gas-phase diffusivities for high boiling point organics in common gases are determined by evaporating a single submicron aerosol droplet of the organic species, while it is suspended in an electric field in the path of a polarized laser beam. The droplet size is measured as a function of time by using Mie theory to determine the size from the light scattering data of intensity versus angle. In addition to diffusivities, the Lennard-Jones molecular interaction potential parameter, ∊ii, and the collision diameter σii, are found, by applying the molecular theory of gases to interpret the evaporation rate data. Results are compared with available empirical and semi-theoretical correlations for diffusivities and Lennard-Jones parameters. The low vapor pressure organics used here are dioctyl phthalate (DOP), dibutyl sebacate (DBS) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and the carrier gases are helium, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 984-991 
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    Notes: A model is developed for a fluidized bed reactor with the dense phase region treated by conventional two-phase models. Conversion in the freeboard is obtained based on particle trajectories predicted from drag considerations. The model is applied to an industrial-scale catalytic cracking regenerator. It is shown that the freeboard region can have an important influence on the overall conversion in the unit.
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    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 991-999 
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    Notes: Several methods are reviewed for determining compositions in multiphase, reacting mixtures at equilibrium. Wolfe's quadratic programming algorithm is applied and results compared with the Rand method (Dluzniewski and Adler 1972), NASA method (Gordon and McBride 1971) and the George et al. (1976) implementation of Powell's method. For poor guesses in compositions, local and constrained minima in Gibbs free energy may arise, giving incorrect phase distributions.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 1-18 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    Notes: Fixed-bed, catalytic reactors in which gas and liquid phases flow concurrently downward, termed trickle beds, are becoming more widely used in chemical processing, particularly in the petrochemical industry. Shah (1979) has summarized the advantages of trickle-bed reactors and mentioned some of the processes in which the reactors are used. Shah's monograph and earlier reviews (Satterfield, 1975; Goto et al., 1977; Hofmann, 1978; Gianetto et al., 1978) have discussed factors affecting reactor performance.In the last few years additional experimental and theoretical studies that contribute to improved design and scaleup of trickle-bed reactors have been published. The scope of this paper is to review critically these improvements. Progress in understanding local rates of reaction is considered first. Then recent developments in reactor design are analyzed.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 60-65 
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    Notes: The absorption of dilute SO2 into aqueous double slurries containing CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2 was carried out using a stirred tank with a plane gas-liquid interface. The absorption rate increased and finally reached that under the completely gas-film controlled conditions as the absorption process proceeded. The desulfurization process using the double slurry was formulated by a two-reaction-plane model in which there are no particles suspended in-between the interface and the primary reaction plane. It was suggested from comparison of the experimental absorption rates with the theoretical predictions that 40 to 60% of the absorbed sulfur dioxide may be present as an effective magnesium sulfite ion pair.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 87-94 
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    Notes: A design approach based on a phase diagram of inlet temperatures is proposed for the countercurrent reactor/heat exchanger for highly exothermic reactions with inherent parametric sensitivities. The phase diagram shows the region of safe operation on a plane of feed and coolant inlet temperatures, free from runaway conditions. The boundaries surrounding the safe operation region are defined by design parameters. Simple procedures applicable to arbitrary expressions of global rate are developed for the phase diagram. The multi-pronged design problem of selecting the design parameters and operating conditions for the maximum possible conversion within the constraints due to the parametric sensitivities is condensed into the represented by a phase diagram and an analysis on the phase plane. A design alternative which eliminates the necessity of the preheater for highly exothermic reactions is discussed and the advantages are quantitatively illustrated to assert that this design should be seriously considered as a viable alternative.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 159-161 
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 161-164 
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 250-261 
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    Notes: A two-level strategy for fault detection and diagnosis developed in Part I is applied to a chemical reactor in which heptane is converted to toluene. Simulation of various faults demonstrates that the proposed strategy is valid, and that it also represents an improvement over fault diagnosis via an extended Kalman filter.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 270-276 
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    Notes: In Part I, a novel method for reducing the order of models for countercurrent staged separation systems was presented. In this paper, the method is applied to the modeling and simulation of nonlinear multicomponent distillation systems. Some additional properties of the model reduction procedure are derived. The accuracy of the approximation is established by comparison of the steady-state profiles and transient responses to that of rigorous dynamic models. The results indicate that the proposed technique is an effective way of reducing the number of equations needed to model stagewise multicomponent separation systems.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 297-305 
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    Notes: Removal of liquid from filter cakes can be accomplished by mechanical or hydraulic methods after cake formation is complete. This paper deals with the latter procedure. The local porosity in porous beds (Tiller and Cooper, 1962) is a function of hydraulic pressure distribution and cake compressibility. Calculation of average porosity requires an integration of local values as determined by liquid flow patterns. As most compressions of filter cakes are irreversible, the local porosity is a function of the maximum effective pressure (frictional pressure loss) reached during cyclical operations. Reversal of flow through a cake develops radically changed pressure distributions which can be utilized to reduce local porosities. Analytical expressions are presented for reduction of average porosity brought about by reversing flow of liquid in plate-and-frame and recessed plate filter presses.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 338-340 
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    Notes: A new apparatus to measure partition coefficients Ks∞ at infinite dilution up to 200 105 Pa and 423 K is described. Measurements of the systems: (1) methane-ethane-n-decane and methane-propane-n-decane at 294.25 K; and (2) methane-n-butane-n-decane at 344.25 K illustrate the reproducibility and good agreement with literature data. In addition, new data were obtained for the system methane-n-pentane-n-decane at 344.25 K up to 101 105 Pa.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 157-159 
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 434-442 
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    Notes: Pressure drop data for distillation sieve trays have been obtained with experimental trays with small outlet weir heights, including zero, and for trays with small perforations which exhibit large pressure drops due to surface tension. These data have been added to literature data to form a large composite data base with extensive variations in fluid and gas properties, flow rates, and tray designs.A new pressure drop correlation has been developed which retains the use of the dry tray pressure drop, but provides new procedures for estimating liquid inventory and the resistance to vapor flow due to surface tension forces. This correlation gives a mean absolute error of 6.0% and an average error of -0.6%. These errors are significantly less than the errors between measurements and predictions from two other correlations using the same composite data base.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 467-473 
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    Notes: Pressure drop and liquid saturation are two important design parameters in cocurrent gas-liquid downflow through packed beds. A macroscopic model based on momentum balance is formulated for the condition of no radial pressure gradients. The model includes the effect of bubble formation on the pressure drop and holdup and is compared with the experimental data of the earlier investigators and of the present study. The model provides a functional form for correlating pressure drop and liquid saturation but some parameters have to be determined by fitting the experimental data.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 493-498 
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    Notes: The convective dispersion of a solute in steady flow through a tube is analyzed, and the concentration profile for any Peclet number is obtained as a convolution of the profile for infinite Peclet number. Close approximations are obtained for the concentration profile and its axial moments, by use of orthogonal collocation in the radial coordinate. The moments thus obtained converge rapidly, and the concentration profile less rapidly, toward exactness as the number of collocation points is increased. A two-point radial grid gives results of practical accuracy; analytical solutions are given at this order of approximation.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 526-526 
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 748-771 
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    Notes: In Part I, criteria for heat engine and heat pump placement in chemical process networks were derived, based on the “temperature interval” (T.I) analysis of the heat exchanger network problem. Using these criteria, this paper gives a method for identifying the best outline design for any combined system of chemical process, heat engines, and heat pumps. The method eliminates inferior alternatives early, and positively leads on to the most appropriate solution. A graphical procedure based on the T.I. analysis forms the heart of the approach, and the calculations involved are simple enough to be carried out on, say, a programmable calculator. Application to a case study is demonstrated.Optimization methods based on this procedure are currently under research.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 813-820 
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    Notes: The changes to the solid phase which occur within fluidized-bed gas-solid reactors may have a significant impact on the performance of this class of reactors, particularly in coal conversion applications. In this paper a particle balance model is developed which accommodates particle distributions dependent on both size and density as well as populations consisting of multiple solids. The fast double collocation method used for solving the associated PDE permits this calculation to be performed within the framework of a Davidson-Harrison bubbling-bed model. A modification of the iteration procedure for the emulsion-phase state variables of the D-H model is reported which allows the composite reactor model to be executed reliably and efficiently. A general purpose program has been implemented, whose application is presented in a companion paper.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 604-610 
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    Notes: The thermal decomposition of kerogen in a Colorado shale was studied in a TGA-type apparatus in which the temperature was first increased at a constant rate and then held constant at a plateau value. Data were obtaiend at plateau temperatures from about 573 to 703 K and at 101.3 kPa.The objective of the research was to determine the influence of transport effects on the observed rate of decomposition. The results show that, for the shale studied, transport of heat and mass influenced the rate, if the particle size was greater than about 0.4 × 10-3 m and if more than two to three layers of particles were placed in the weighing basket.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 858-864 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An alternate development of the quasilinearization method for parameter estimation is presented to enable a more efficient implementation of the algorithm. Similarity of this algorithm to Gauss-Newton method is shown and attention is given to systems having a nonlinear relationship between the observed and state variables. To overcome the problem of a small region of convergence, the use of direct search optimization is proposed for the first few iterations, followed by the simplified quasilinearization algorithm.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983) 
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 529-533 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A computer simulation model for suspension flows in plate-and-frame type membrane modules has been developed. Reduced forms of the mass transport and momentum equation were solved simultaneously to study concentration polarization and permeation flux decline. The verified simulator can be used to analyze and predict the process dynamics and can aid in the design of ultrafiltration systems.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 691-693 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 83
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 702-702 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 84
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetic models for glycoside hydrolysis and solasodiene formation are combined, and using previous experimental data the effect of changes in reaction conditions on hydrolysis times and the proportion of solasodiene in the final hydrolysed product are established. These are used to give a set of guidelines for commercial hydrolysis. The use of the models for new commercial situations is explained.
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  • 85
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 611-617 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The drag reduction phenomenon in a rectangular open channel flow was examined by measuring the longitudinal velocity by means of a laser Doppler anemometer. Statistical analysis of the fluctuating velocity showed that the most significant effect of the polymer additive (polyethylene oxide) on the large-scale turbulent motion appeared in the turbulent core of an open channel flow. The scale of bursting phenomenon was enlarged by the polymer additive, and the typical ejection process was detected as the remarkable negative fluctuating velocity throughout the buffer and turbulent core regions except near the free surface.
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  • 86
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 640-645 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diffusion coefficients of argon, krypton, xenon, methane, carbon tetrachloride and the tetraalkyltins (methyl through butyl) were measured in methanol, 1-butanol and 1-octanol over the temperature range 298 to 433 K. With temperature-dependent solvent diameters fitted from the tracer diffusivity of one of the solutes, a rough-hard-sphere theory predicts well the observed tracer diffusivity over the solvent density range in which hard-sphere computer simulations are available. The Wilke-Chang correlation predicts diffusion coefficients in the higher alcohols with an average error of 80% and a maximum error of 200%. A correlation of the form Dμp/T = A where p and A depend on solute and solvent size is more successful giving an average error of 7% and a maximum error of 24%.
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  • 87
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 663-668 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The analysis of Part I (Rubinovitch and Mann, 1983) is continued here, considering the movements of a single particle in an arbitrary flow system in terms of the total times it resides in various flow regions. Results from the theory of Markov chains are used to derive expressions for the joint distribution of number of visits and total residence time in a flow region and for the total regional residence time distribution. Further, the relationships between the local particle flow rate, number of visits to a flow region, and net flow rate through the system are derived. Specifically, it is shown that This relation is valid for any general flow system and any general region in the system. It holds true irrespective of the number of inlets and outlets to the region or of the nature of the internal mixing in the region. It is further shown how this relation leads to an experimental method for measuring local flow rates.
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  • 88
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 688-689 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 89
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 696-698 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 90
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 703-703 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 91
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 712-716 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental investigation was carried out to measure local and average heat transfer coefficients for horizontal tubes located in freeboard region of air fluidized beds. Tests were carried out at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in a rectangular fluidized bed, with mean particle diameters of 275 to 850 μm.Both local and average heat transfer coefficients were found to vary with particle diameter, flow rate, static bed depth, and elevation in the freeboard region.
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  • 92
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 737-741 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of the reaction between steam and thermally-regenerated activated carbon containing DBS residue was studied at 973 to 1,062 K and atmospheric pressure. The results fit a Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate equation originally developed for the oxidation of other types of carbon with steam. The rates of reaction were relatively high. Auxiliary experiments with added Na2SO4 indicated that the non-volatile inorganic residue from DBS has a catalytic effect.Readsorption measurements on regenerated samples demonstrated that thermal regeneration alone resulted in considerable loss (35%) in adsorption capacity but that thermal regeneration followed by steam gasification could completely restore the adsorption capacity for DBS on the remaining virgin carbon.
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  • 93
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 771-779 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: High-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) is an existing commercial technology which promises to be an effective means for the large-scale separation of both weakly magnetic and practically nonmagnetic, micron-sized particles. It utilizes the strong magnetic forces created typically by placing filamentary ferromagnetic packing materials inside a separator matrix magnetized by a uniform background magnetic field. In this paper, a practical mathematical model for HGMS is developed for quantitatively predicting the grade and recovery of the separated product and the capacity (concentration breakthrough) of the separator. Computer implementation and experimental verification of the new model for HGMS applied to pilot-scale coal beneficiation are described in Part III.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 800-805 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of equilibration of a vegetable foodstuff with moist air are studied on the basis of its cellular structure. The problem is modelled as a coupled heat and mass transfer phenomenon; since there is a significant shrinkage as moisture decreases, the model takes the effect into account by changing the basis for the mass and energy balances. The resulting nonlinear second-order partial differencial equations are solved numerically; predicted values of moisture decrease and temperature gain with time are compared with experimental data. A sensitivity analysis of the solution to values of the transport properties shows that the value of effective diffusivity and heat and mass transfer coefficient may alter significantly the predicted equilibration kinetics and center temperature. The adopted value for heat of sorption has less influence. Changes in effective thermal conductivity and porosity bear little influence on predictions.
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  • 95
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 829-833 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The solubility and diffusivity of vapors in polymers below and in the vicinity of glass transition temperature are known to be explicitly time-dependent. It is assumed here that the polymers are in nonequilibrium states, characterized by an internal order. The latter relaxes with time and moves towards equilibrium. The changes in the internal order bring about changes in the properties of the polymer-solute system.The time dependence of diffusivity and solubility has been derived for isothermal processes not far from equilibrium. Well-known procedures for analyzing relaxing systems are used to obtain the above results, and the knowledge of how the internal order is related to the molecular properties is not required.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 854-858 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Following secondary recovery processes in conventional light oil reservoirs, more than half the original oil in place may remain trapped as a discontinuous phase. During the previous recovery processes these oil ganglia have been pinched off by capillary forces and remain immobile while the continuous phase which surrounds them is able to flow freely. Furthermore if a portion of this oil is mobilized in a tertiary recovery process the conditions required to apply Darcy's equation to the flow of either phase are violated. These are also problems which are encountered during in-situ recovery techniques in tar sands where the mobilization of the heavy oil occurs as a discontinuous phase. In this paper the relevant flow equations are derived. Also a parameter is deduced which directly determines the criterion for mobilization.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 903-909 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A unified approach is proposed for the prediction of heat transfer coefficients in turbulent falling films undergoing heating, evaporation or condensation for both of the cases with or without interfacial shear. A modified van Driest eddy viscosity model, which incorporated a damping factor f and takes into account the effect of variable shear stress, is used to predict the hydrodynamics of turbulent falling films. The calculated film thicknesses are in good agreement with the Nusselt-Brauer correlations for the non-sheared film and the Dukler prediction for highly sheared film. Also, by including a van Driest type turbulent Prandtl number model, the asymptotic heat transfer coefficients are accurately predicted and show better agreement with the extensive literature data and correlations than do most of the existing turbulence models proposed to date.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 915-922 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The applicability of axial dispersion model (ADM) for the measurement of the gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient (kLa) in bubble columns is discussed. It is shown that the misinterpretation of the concentration jump near the column inlet can lead to wrong conclusions regarding the mass transfer rates. It is further illustrated that some reported kLa dependencies on the superficial liquid velocity and the axial distance are resulted from the use of an incorrect model and can be rectified by an application of ADM. Finally, it is shown that ADM can be effectively used to calculate kLa a for: (a) highly viscous liquids, (b) in the presence of chemical reaction, (c) slurry reactors, and (d) the columns with different liquid inlet locations.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 19-25 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A solution is obtained for convective diffusion with axial diffusion and homogeneous and heterogeous reactions in a tube. The results have been used successfully to examine the validity of a model with simplified inlet boundary condition and to establish the conditions for a one-dimensional dispersion model.
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  • 100
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 40-49 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The generation of carbon fines by attrition during the fluidized combustion of a bituminous coal has been studied by means of a 140mm ID fluidized-bed combustor under variable excess air factor, bed temperature, fluidizing velocity and size of bed sand and coal. Results indicate that rates of attrited fines are roughly proportional to excess of gas velocity above the minimum for fluidization and bed carbon exposed surface. Attrition rate constant is affected by size of sand and, to a less extent, and particularly with finer coal, by bed temperature.
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