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  • Articles  (30,814)
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  • 101
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 24 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: As a basis for judging how public policy affects the poor, this article explores how “poor” families may be defined and how well such families can be distinguished from other families in the less developed countries. This is done by seeking proxies for poverty which are relatively easy to measure, accurate in discriminating between the poor and the non-poor, and relevant to public policy. To this end, a highly parsimonious model is developed, based on truncation and regression procedures, using only family size and number of wage earners in addition to either income or an education-age combination. Application of this model to data from household surveys in three major cities of Latin America shows that the model is highly effective in pinpointing poverty households, although the pattern of errors is not random, the most frequent type of error being to classify poverty households as non-poor.Especially significant is that the model is nearly as effective for discriminating poverty households from others when financial variables are excluded as when they are included. This would suggest that a good deal of flexibility exists in deciding what variables to include in future studies of this type. The results also suggest that even better results should be possible if more complete information is obtained on the employment status of the different members of the household and on the contribution of each to household income. Ideally, the data collection and model development should proceed in an iterative manner since there are numerous possible variables as well as alternative model formulations.
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  • 102
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    Review of income and wealth 24 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Unlike most developing countries, the Philippines has had several (four) reasonably comparable family income and expenditure surveys, covering a reasonable period of time (15 years). This study draws on those surveys and on wage data in an attempt to judge how, if at all, the distribution of income has been changing. The household survey data shows a declining share of both income and consumption for the top income groups; for the bottom quintile the share of recorded income fell while that of recorded consumption rose. When possible biases of the data are allowed for, it is hard to argue that either a narrowing or widening of income differentials occurred over these years. Real wages of a number of important occupations appear to have fallen, however. Only a partial reconciliation of the trends indicated by these wage series and the income trends for various occupational groups implicit in the household survey data was possible, indicating either data problems or the need for more subtle interpretations of the data. Since structural change in the labour force has been rapid (an increasing share being found in the high income occupations as time passed), declining wage rates for certain lower income groups cannot be taken to imply a general worsening of distribution. Our final conclusion is that distribution has probably changed little, and is about as likely to have changed one way as the other.
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  • 103
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 24 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper reports on several results from a comprehensive study of the household incidence of public expenditure in Peninsular Malaysia in 1974. The results for education show a pro-poor distribution of expenditure when measured as a share of household income. Using however the criterion of each according to his needs (that is the number of school-age children per household) reverses this outcome. In agriculture, because of the importance of land settlement, benefits from public expenditure distribute predominantly in favor of the poor.The research differs from the usual study of this kind in that individual government outputs such as school years, or fertilizer loans, were defined, and in the case of education their unit costs estimated and their distribution across households measured. In the case of education, both the costs of services from capital and the households’ out-of-pocket educational costs were added to the current subsidies. As one consequence, it was seen that total expenditure for education in Malaysia exceeds one-eighth of GNP, nearly double the conventional estimate. Equally important, for the poor the burden of private costs for education even within a public system were seen to be very high.The contrasts between the strong results for education, a broad based social service, and the less conclusive results for agriculture, an economic service which impacts directly on production, were instructive in suggesting the limitations of such research in measuring the effects of government budget activity on distribution.
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  • 104
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    Review of income and wealth 24 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 105
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    Review of income and wealth 24 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: To adjust business accounting for inflation, one current proposal is to convert all dollar figures in existing financial statements to units of fixed general purchasing power. A widely offered alternative is to retain the dollar units but replace the historical-cost figures by current values. The two alternatives would yield very different results. After reviewing these and variant proposals, the analysis concentrates on certain major issues: the unit of measurement; the treatment of capital gains; the concept of capital maintenance; and the treatment of changes in the purchasing power of debt. Current value accounting would not correct for changes in the general price level and would involve far more difficult problems of concept and measurement than general purchasing power accounting. The latter is therefore preferable.
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  • 106
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    Review of income and wealth 24 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper, we reclassify U.S. input-output data along functional lines by analyzing the use of products represented in the detailed coefficients of the 1967 interindustry study. Our new categories comprise 11 producing “industries,” services (nonproduction), energy (nonproduction), marketing, distribution, other general, crude materials, semi-finished materials, energy production, service production, and machinery replacement, furnishing products to 80 consuming industries. This functional input-output system is then used to analyze postwar structural change in the American economy. Distinct shifts in the uses of different types of inputs are indicated and the implications of these results are discussed.
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  • 107
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    Fiscal studies 8 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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  • 108
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    Fiscal studies 8 (1987), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 109
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    Fiscal studies 8 (1987), S. 0 
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  • 110
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    Fiscal studies 8 (1987), S. 0 
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  • 111
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    Fiscal studies 8 (1987), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 112
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    Fiscal studies 8 (1987), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 113
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    Industrial relations journal 9 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2338
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 114
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    Industrial relations journal 9 (1978), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 115
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    Industrial relations journal 9 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: TRADE UNIONS UNDER CAPITALISM: Tom Clarke and Laurie Clements (Eds) ESSAYS IN LABOUR HISTORY 1918–1939: Asa Briggs and John Saville (Eds) WORKER PARTICIPATION WORKER SIT-INS AND JOB PROTECTION: J. Greenwood A SURVEY OF CONTEMPORARY BRITISH WORKER COOPERATIVES: P. Chaplin and R. Cowe CAN WORKERS MANAGE?: B. Chiplin, J. Coyne and L. Sirc LABOR SHORTAGE AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; A STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL LABOUR MARKETS: B. Thomas and D. Deaton MEASURING INEQUALITY: F. A. Cowell CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A RE-ASSESSMENT: Michael Beesley and Tom Evans
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  • 116
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    Industrial relations journal 9 (1978), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 117
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 118
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  • 119
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  • 120
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 121
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    Industrial relations journal 18 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Between March and June of 1983, for 118 days, Israel experienced one of the most prolonged doctors' strikes ever recorded. This article provides a conceptual framework for analysing the strike. It presents an outline of the role of different health agencies in Israel prior to and during the crisis and considers the status dilemma of modern doctors.
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  • 122
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    Industrial relations journal 18 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Breakfast-time television offers a different approach from more established television output; but how significant are the differences? This article analyses the scope and presentation of industrial relations issues on breakfast-time television and evaluates the qualitative implications they are given.
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  • 123
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    Industrial relations journal 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 124
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    Industrial relations journal 18 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:Unions in Crisis and Beyond: Perspectives from Six Countries Richard Edwards, Paola Garonna and Franz TödlingUnions, Unemployment and Innovation Eric Batstone and Stephen Gourlay with Hugh Levie and Roy MooreLabor Law Reform and US Industrial Relations Barbara Townley GowerMilitant Managers? Managerial Unionism and Industrial Relations Greg BamberWhite Collar Workers, Trade Unions and Class P. Armstrong, B. Carter, C. Smith and T. NicholsSoziologie der industriellen Beziehungen Walther Mtiller JentschGrey Dawn Breaking: British Merchant Seafarers in the Late Twentieth Century Tony Lane
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  • 125
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    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The French system of continuing vocational training was set up in 1970 by an intersectoral collective agreement that was then followed by legislation. More than 30 years on, the economic and social context has changed and the system now faces new challenges. In 2001 and again in 2003 the social partners embarked upon new negotiations in a bid to redesign the system. Analysis of the negotiation process and of its outcomes  reveals  both  the  persistence  of  societal  characteristics  and  the  emergence  of significant innovations, particularly in the individualisation of training. This dual trend is explained by the characteristics of the actors involved as well as by the weakness of the state.
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  • 126
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    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed: Decentralised Pay Setting: A Study of the Outcomes of Collective Bargaining Reforms in the Civil Service in Australia, Sweden and the UK 
K. A. Bender and R. F. Elliott 
Ashgate, 2003, xii + 160 pp., £50.00 A Very Late Development: An Autobiography 
Alan Fox 
British Universities Industrial Relations Association, 2nd and revised edition, 2004, 306 pp., £8.00 (paperback) Unions in the 21st Century: An International Perspective 
Anil Verma and Thomas A. Kochan (eds) 
Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, 296 pp., £50.00 The Management of Human Resources in the Asia Pacific Region: Convergence Reconsidered 
Chris Rowley and John Benson (eds)
Cass (Studies in Asia Pacific Business), 2004, 208 pp., £18.99
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  • 127
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    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: There has been a growing interest in the way patterns of employment relations are changing in China. However, there remains insufficient understanding in employment relations in small private businesses. This study of small businesses in China explores major issues in employment relations in these firms. The finding shows that there are major differences between large and small businesses in China in their employment practices and that considerable similarities exist between small firms in China and those in other countries.
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  • 128
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    Industrial relations journal 9 (1978), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 129
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  • 130
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  • 131
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  • 132
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  • 133
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  • 134
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  • 135
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    Industrial relations journal 9 (1978), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: FINANCING STRIKERS John Gennard INDUSTRY AND LABOUR: Class Struggle at Work and Monopoly Captalism Andrew L Friedman THE INEQUALITY OF PAY Henry Phelps-Brown THE PSYCHOANALYSIS OF ORGANISATIONS Robert De Board PROPHECY AND PROGRESS: THE SOCIOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL AND POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY Krishan Kumar COMMON SENSE INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS Dennis D Hunt
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  • 136
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  • 137
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  • 138
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  • 139
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  • 140
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  • 141
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  • 142
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    Industrial relations journal 9 (1978), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: THE SOCIAL ORGANISATION OF STRIKES: by Eric Batstone, Ian Boraston and Stephen Frenkel EXECUTIVE EASE AND DISEASE: by Dr. Beric Wright THE INDUSTRIAL TRIBUNALS HANDBOOK: by Bowes Egan TRADE UNIONISM UNDER COLLECTIVE BARGAINING: A Theroy based on comparisons of six countries: by H. A. Clegg INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY IN WESTERN EUROPE: A North American perspective PERSONNEL AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS: A MANAGERIAL APPROACH: J. B. Miner and M. G. Miner POLICY ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY PERSONNEL AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS: M. G. Miner end J. B. Miner “PENSIONS AND INDUSTflIAL RELATIONS”: Harry Lucas
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  • 143
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  • 144
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    Industrial relations journal 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article uses a large scale body of survey data to investigate the proposition that reported management perceptions of the extent to which unions constitute a constraint on organisational change will vary systematically according to certain personal and organisational characteristics. The resulting evidence of selective perception has a number of implications for survey work that seeks attitudinal based responses to questions, particularly from a single management respondent per employment establishment.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In recent years many large companies – mainly those making large scale redundancies – have made efforts to stimulate job creation in the localities in which they are based. Although this has succeeded in helping to create jobs, it has been criticised, prompting major sponsors of such initiatives to consider how job creation strategies can be made more effective.
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  • 147
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In the UK there has been increasing concern about the growing ‘legalism’ of the Industrial Tribunal System. An alternative is the system in the Republic of Ireland which uses a ‘Rights Commissioner’ under a ‘regulated arbitration’ system. This article examines the lessons to be drawn from Ireland and their relevance to reform in the UK.
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  • 148
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Industrial relations in the national newspaper industry are in a state of flux. Structural changes, in particular those of technology, make it likely that the shift in bargaining power in favour of employers is largely irreversible.
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  • 149
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Data from a survey of 143 enterprises indicates that foreign-owned firms are likely to devote more resources to, and be more advanced in, modern human resource management techniques while being similar in the extent to which unions are recognised for collective bargaining.
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    Industrial relations journal 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article reports on the union recognition dispute that took place at the McDonald's food-processing plant in Moscow. It examines this dispute in the context of McDonald's employment practices worldwide, the interventions made by international and local unions, and Russian government bodies. Despite these interventions it became impossible to either organise the workforce or establish a collective agreement. The case illustrates the difficulties facing both local unions and global union federations when confronted by intransigent multinational companies, especially in low-skilled sectors in transitional economies.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with exploring the barriers to cross-border trade union cooperation among graphical workers in Europe. Highlighting the increasing globalisation of graphical multinationals, the paper illustrates that graphical unions cannot restrict their activities to developments within national boundaries. As such it highlights some of the obstacles that unions face in attempting to instigate transnational cooperation strategies. These obstacles include: the role of employers, the prevailing practices of the unions, employee reticence, the role of the law and resource constraints. It concludes by stressing the continuing need to strengthen cross-border trade union networks with the ability to impose effective sanctions against the unbridled growth of multinational power.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:John T. Addison and Claus Schnabel (eds). International Handbook of Trade Unions
Reviewed by John KellyWalter Müller-Jentsch and Hansjörg Weitbrecht (eds). The Changing Contours of German Industrial Relations
Reviewed by Steve FrenchYonatan Reshef and Sandra Rastin. Unions in the Time of Revolution. Government Restructuring in Alberta and Ontario
Reviewed by Roy J. Adams
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A lower national minimum wage for 18- to 21-year-olds and the exclusion of all workers under 18 prompted fears of a distortion in the British labour market and an undermining of training initiatives. Empirical data collected from employers in two low paying sectors, revealing the full utilisation of young workers and under-utilisation of training initiatives, ensure these fears are not justified and that the government's basis for the lower rate cannot be substantiated.
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    International journal of selection and assessment 13 (2005), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In response to Schmidt, Le, and Ilies' (2003) call for further assessment of transient error variance in measures of key individual difference variables, the current study examines transient error estimates for eight speeded cognitive ability scales and a composite scale. One hundred twenty-three participants were tested on two occasions with a 1-week interval between administrations. Estimates of transient error ranged from a low of .01 to a high of .18, with an average value of .09. The coefficient of equivalence, based on the split-half method, resulted in overestimates of reliability by as little as 1.90% to as much as 25.96%, with an average 12.96%.
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    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: State-level financial assistance programs for water projects are expected to become more important as federal funding levels drop and mechanisms change. In some western states such as Texas and California, constitutional restrictions are placed on tax and spending limits and the issuance of general obligation bonds to finance projects is subject to voter approval through a referendum process. Seven water-related referenda have been held in Texas between 1957 and 1985. Election results indicate that through 1968 voters from across the state supported the concept of state-level financial assistance for water projects and ratified three consecutive referenda, thus establishing the Water Development Fund and its $400 million authorization limit. Between 1969 and 1981, three amendments intended to increase authorization and expand the Fund's scope were defeated in elections that exhibited a regionalized voting pattern between East and West Texas voters. In 1985, this cleavage was not evident and the Water Development Fund was increased by an additional $980 million. These shifts reflect changes in voter perceptions of the state's water development policy and coincide with release of the 1968 and 1984 versions of the Texas Water Plan. The Texas experience, which is particularly relevant to California, could also be useful to other states considering similar state-level financial programs that would require voter approval.
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The period 1966 to 1976 was a decade of change, contrast and challenge. In this article a model is developed and estimated contrasting the labor market experiences of young men who participated in post-school occupational training during this period with those young men who did not participate. Participation in post-school forms of occupational training is identified as a significant contributor to individual labor market success during the period and racial differences in returns to training participation are highlighted. The results prompt questions concerning the direction of current federal training policy.
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: State lotteries are the fiscal gimmick for the 1980s, receiving widespread popular and legislative approval. Unfortunately, the impact of structural and external influences on lottery sales is not well understood. This analysis sheds light on these influences, demonstrating that state economic activity, age of the game, interstate lottery competition, and game portfolios significantly affect sale and, consequently, benefit to the state.
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Incentive and liquidity effects of Pittsburgh's land value tax system are hypothesized to encourage new housing development. To test this hypothesis, an econometric model is estimated using building permit data for the dependent variable and tax rates and other determinants of new housing demand and supply for the independent variables. For the case of new housing, it is shown that the incentive effect is significant but the liquidity effect is not. The incentive effect is found to encourage increases in the number of new units constructed in Pittsburgh rather than increases in the average cost of new units.
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: A modified core-periphery model of economic spatial relations is tested by an examination of U.S. corporate merger behavior from 1955 to 1980. A core, a number of semicores, semipheripheries, and a periphery describe the merger-defined relationships between states and SMSAs. The core-periphery structure is not stable across time and is related to the merger cycle.
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    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The Arizona Community Data Set (ACDS) now contains the results of 40 separate establishment-level, community-wide surveys. These communities can be classified into different functional types, and OLS regression models can be used to explore the relationships among community functions, levels of public transfer payments, and magnitudes of economic base multipliers. The statistical analysis suggests that employment-derived estimates of the base multiplier tend to be biased upward unless transfer payments are specified in the model.
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    Industrial relations journal 9 (1978), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: British trade unions are not alone in needing to develop sophisticated and effective responses to rapid change – the theme of an earlier article by Tony Lane in Vol 17 No 4. Here the authors explore the problems of German trade unions in absorbing and evaluating detailed company information.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A number of significant reforms for the improvement of the position of women in Greece ha ve taken place since the restoration of democracy in 1974. After a brief discussion of these changes the author examines their effects on Greek women's pay and compares them with the British case.
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    Industrial relations journal 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:The Decline of Trade Union Organisation, P.B. BeaumontImproving Industrial Relations – the Advisory Role of ACAS, Eric Armstrong and Rosemary LucasThe State of the Unions, Barrie ShermanThe Trade Unions and the Labour Party, Andrew J. TaylorNew Technology at Work, Arthur FrancisDictionnaire Canadiert des Relations du Travail, Gérard DionSocialist Enterprise: Reclaiming the Economy, Diana Gilhespy, Ken Jones, Tony Manwaring, Henry Neuburger, Adam Sharpies
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article explores patterns of industrial relations throughout the world, and hypothesizes that there are three basic sub-models: the developed capitalist, the communist, and the semi-developed capitalist sub-model. All have analytical rigor and predictive possibilities, and can be utilized and tested.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In attempting to account for the variation in accident rates in underground coal mines in New South Wales this article examines potential explanatory variables and concludes that the most important cause is mine size. The author explains this as a consequence of the greater bureaucratisation and decreased worker autonomy which characterise large mines.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: On the basis of strike statistics it has been argued that Northern Ireland has a more harmonious industrial relations climate than Great Britain. Here the author compares its strike pattern with that of the UK as a whole and explains why Northern Ireland should be seen as a relatively strike prone region.
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    Industrial relations journal 36 (2005), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The extraordinary growth in foreign direct investment coupled with the widespread declination of union penetration has increasingly allowed multinationals to pit unions across borders as competitors for investment and jobs. Based on a theoretical analysis of the exercise of power in a prisoner's dilemma game, the essential conditions and incentives for cooperation among unions across borders for the purpose of collective bargaining with multinationals are identified and practical, strategic-level implications for transnational interunion partnerships are addressed.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper identifies the constraints and opportunities facing trade unions in post-socialist societies through a comparison of the Russian and Chinese cases. The paper charts the changing role of trade unions in the integration of state-socialist economies into global capitalism and argues that this presents the trade unions with a dilemma: whether to reconstitute their traditional role through collaboration with management and the state apparatus, or whether to develop their ability to defend the rights and interests of workers. While the former offers the line of least resistance, there are progressive elements pushing for change in both trade union movements.
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    International journal of selection and assessment 13 (2005), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Standardized tests are commonly used to select individuals in both pre-employment and educational settings. Nevertheless, research has yet to sufficiently explore the relationship between test anxiety (TA) and test performance in selection contexts. The goal of this study was to assess the dimensionality of TA, the relations between TA and test performance, and the impact of gender on TA within the realm of personnel selection. Test anxiety was found to be bi-dimensional and negatively related to performance on a cognitively based selection instrument. Gender moderated the relation between TA and test performance, with stronger associations for males. This finding is consistent with the sex-linked anxiety coping theory that is advanced here. Implications of this study and avenues for future research are discussed.
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    International journal of selection and assessment 13 (2005), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A situational judgment test (SJT) and a Big 5 personality test were administered to 203 participants under instructions to respond honestly and to fake good using a within-subjects design. Participants indicated both the best and worst response (i.e., Knowledge) and the most likely and least likely response (i.e., Behavioral Tendency) to each situation. Faking effect size for the SJT Behavioral Tendency response format was (d=.34) when participants responded first under honest instructions and (d=.15) when they responded first under faking instructions. Those for the Big 5 dimensions ranged from d=.26 to d=1.0. For the Knowledge response format results were inconsistent. Honest condition Knowledge SJT scores were more highly correlated with cognitive ability (r=.56) than were Behavioral Tendency SJT scores (r=.38). Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Applied psychologists have long been interested in the relationship between applicant personality and employment interview ratings. Analysis of data from two studies, one using a situational interview and one using a behavioral interview, suggests that the correlations of structured interview ratings with self-report measures of personality factors are generally rather low. Further, a small meta-analysis integrates these two studies and the limited previous literature to arrive at a similar conclusion – there is relatively little relationship between structured interviews and self-reported personality factors.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this study, we investigated the moderating role of interdependence (a personality trait that measures the extent to which individuals desire working in a group-based, cooperative setting) on the relationship between competitiveness and one-year objective sales performance. On the basis of data from 133 sales representatives, results indicated that: (a) competitiveness was related to objective sales performance; and (b) interdependence moderated the relationship between competitiveness and objective sales performance such that competitiveness predicted objective sales performance more strongly for those who scored low in interdependence versus those who scored high in interdependence. Implications for sales selection and reward systems and directions for future research are considered.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Recruiters infer personal traits from job applicants' resumés and use these inferences in evaluating job applicants' employability. No research to date, however, has determined if resumé reviewers' inferences of applicants' personality drawn solely from resumé biographical data are valid. In the present study, resumé reviewers (N=52) examined one of two applicant resumés and then described the applicant's personality based on the Big 5 taxonomy. Validities of reviewers' inferences concerning applicant personality were assessed by correlating resumé reviewers' judgments with applicants' self-reported Big 5 personality scores. Results suggested that valid personality inferences are possible based solely on resumé evaluation. We also found evidence suggesting that attending a brief training session may enhance reviewers' accuracy when inferring applicants' personality from resumé information.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Although there has been empirical attention paid to the criterion-related validity of predictor composites, there has been much less attention paid to the standardized ethnic group differences associated with these composites. One important area of inquiry in predictor composite research is the influence of adding predictors to a test of general mental ability. The limited empirical literature on this practice is mixed, but the prevailing expectation is that there is likely to be higher validity and less adverse impact. Unfortunately, much of the previous work is limited by the presence of inaccurate validity and standardized ethnic group difference values. In this analysis we formed meta-analytic matrices to more accurately estimate the validity and standardized ethnic group differences of several composites that combine a measure of cognitive ability with measures of conscientiousness, a structured interview, or biodata. While results were somewhat complex, we found that adding alternative predictors does not result in a situation in which validity automatically goes up and adverse impact potential automatically goes down. In fact, the reductions in adverse impact (if any) from adding “non-cognitive” predictors were more modest than much of the literature suggests.
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: There is a large literature concerning the effects of aggregation on the output estimates produced by, and information content of, input-output models. However, virtually no attention has been given to the effects of aggregation on input-output multipliers. This paper presents a methodology for calculating consistent aggregate input-output multipliers for any given change in final demands.
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    Notes: Book reviewed in this article: What Do Buyers Want? Kenneth Train, Qualitative Choice Analysis: Theory, Econometrics, and an Application to Automobile Demand. Federal Finances Joseph F. Moraglio and Harry D. Kerrigan, The Federal Budget and Financial System: A Management Perspective. Silicon Tarheels Dale Whittington, High Hopes for High Tech: Microelectronics Policy in North Carolina. Turning It Around in Colombia Vinod Thomas, Linking Macroeconomics and Agricultural Polices for Adjustments with Growth: The Colombian Experience. A Changing World John H. Baldwin, Environmental Planning and Management. Toward a Theory of Industrial Development Donald A. Hicks, Advanced Industrial Development Restructuring, Relocation, and Renewal. Applying the HUDS Model to Chicago John F. Kain and William C. Apgar, Jr., Housing and Neighborhood Dynamics: A Simulation Study. Deindustrialization: Causes and Self-Help Warner Woodworth, Christopher Meek, and William Foote Whyte, eds., Industrial Democracy: Strategies for Community Revitalization. Integrating Disparate Views Peter Burnell, Economic Nationalism in the Third World. The U. S. Food Trade with CPEs James R. Jones, ed., East-West Agricultural Trade. Some Are Still More Equal Than Others Janet K. Boles, ed., The Egalitarian City: Issues of Rights, Distribution, Access, and Power.
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The methodology used to build a leading indicator model for Ohio SMSA employment is described in this paper. A composite leading indicator series for each of the eight major metropolitan areas and the state of Ohio was constructed. These composite indicators appear to work well in a “real-time” simulation of their actual use. The methodology employed here departs from traditional methods for constructing such leading indicators in the approach to weighting the individual indicator series in order to devise a composite index. An econometric approach to determining the weights was employed. The weighting method can be said to be “optimal” in that the weights were chosen to maximize the out-of-sample ability of the composite index to detect future changes in economic activity, proxied here by the level of employment. This approach to weighting the component series in devising a composite index is computationally expensive, since it requires that a number of models be estimated and simulated in an actual use environment. It does overcome the usual subjective nature of the weighting schemes employed, and has resulted in composite indexes for the eight metropolitan areas and Ohio that perform quite well.
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    Notes: This paper attempts to identify and adjust for several shortcomings of previous port impact studies in the estimation of primary port economic impact. These shortcomings are found to create the potential for both positive and negative bias. Also presented in this paper is a technique for circumventing several practical problems in the estimation of secondary economic impact. These adjustments are applied to estimate the economic impact of the Port of Hampton Roads, Virginia.
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    Notes: Should an economic development strategy target the business services industry to insulate the local economy from the business cycle? The relationship between business services employment (SIC 73) and measures of the business cycle is analyzed at national and metropolitan-area levels. At the national level, certain components of business services are not immune to the business cycle while others are. At the metropolitan level, certain characteristics of the metropolitan area and its industrial structure are identified which would result in business services employment being procyclical or not immune to the business cycle.
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Extensive literatures exist on both regional development and the optimum use of nonrenewable resources over time, but the two have not been melded to consider the effect of combining the optimization of resource exploitation with optimization of population growth and infrastructure investment. A model incorporating these dimensions of regional growth is analyzed using control theory to characterize the optimal time paths of the source-related investment, resource use, and infrastructure investment. An example of nonrenewable groundwater use in the Colorado High Plains region is analyzed to show the shortcomings of existing regulatory schemes.
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    Notes: Book reviewed in this article: The Return of a Hero Robert D. Hisrich, ed., Entrepreneurship, Intrapreneurship, and Venture Capital: The Foundation of Economic Renaissance. Alaska's Oil, Alaska's People Lawrence A. Palinkas, Bruce Murray Harris, and John S. Petterson, A Systems Approach to Social Impact Assessment: Two Alaskan Case Studies. Regional Trends Bernard L. Weinstein, Harold T. Gross, and John Rees, Regional Growth and Decline in the United States. The Particular and the General Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds., Social Relations and Spatial Structures. Growing Through Export Vittorio Corbo, Anne O. Krueger, and Fernando Ossa, eds., Export-Oriented Development Strategies: The Success of Five Newly Industrialized Countries
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    Notes: Indexes of leading indicators are used to forecast short-run changes in economic activity in many states and metropolitan areas. This article examines the forecasting performance of a sample of such regional indexes over several business cycles. Although these indexes vary across regions, the results show that they do provide forecasts of recessions and recoveries and also exhibit some potential for forecasting quantitative changes in regional employment.
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    Notes: This paper deals with the problem of modelling sub-county areas that are so small that county level forecasts cannot be used for policy purposes. Starting from a simple specification that relates demand for local goods and services to local and non-local income, a system of equations is developed that can be used as a satellite to a county model to forecast impacts of economic events at the town level. Regression coefficients for the equations are estimated using data at the one-digit SIC code level for a pooled sample of towns in Massachusetts. Model validation tests are reported. An example of an application is provided by simulating impacts of 500 new manufacturing jobs in a town within a county. Our approach yields simulation and forecasting results for both the town and the county.
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This research provides a conceptual framework—based on the stem family concept—with which to explore the cyclical nature of return migration to Eastern Kentucky. A generalized six-phase migration model is developed within a stem family/diffusion context to explain how the socioeconomic characteristics of return migrants have varied in response to economic changes outside Appalachia. The role of awareness space on channeling migration flows is also examined.Responses from 119 households in Laurel, Pike, and Powell counties, Kentucky, are used to test hypotheses associated with the general model. The survey results support the continued existence of extreme stem family forces within Eastern Kentucky. Most inmigrants are return migrants. Return migration motives continue to be more related to sociocultural factors than they are job-related decisions. Most returnees are well below retirement age, and even the younger and more educated among these have a strong preference for remaining in Eastern Kentucky, although their historical tendency has been to move away when economic pulls are strong enough. Maps of return migrants’awareness spaces closely conform with past outmigration patterns. As awareness spaces have been shown to correspond with migrants’destination choices, the maps suggest that future outmigrants from Eastern Kentucky will continue to bias their destination choices more toward the North than the South.
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  • 188
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    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviews in this article: Border Linkages. Peggy B. Musgrave, ed. If the Creek Rises. Raymond J. Burby and Steven P. French, with Beverly A. Cigler, Edward J. Kaiser, David H. Moreau, and Bruce Stiftel That Rising SunDuane Kujawa, Japanese Multinationals in the United States: Toward a High-Tech Economy John Rees, ed., Technology, Regions, and Policy. Impacts on Humans James A. Lee, The Environment, Public Health, and Human Ecology: Public Finance in CanadaDouglas J. McCready, The Canadian Public Sector. Toronto: A Survey of Industrialization PoliciesRobert N. Gwynne, Industrialization and Urbanization in Latin America. Baltimore: The Risk Takers Robert C. Perez, Inside Venture Capital: Past, Present and Future. New York: Policy Directions Charles R. Warren, ed., Urban Policy in a Changing Federal System: Proceedings of a Symposium. Power for the Future Adela Maria Bolet, ed., Forecasting U.S. Electricity Demands: Trends and Methodologies.
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  • 189
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    Industrial relations journal 9 (1978), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 190
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 191
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 192
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 193
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 194
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 195
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    Industrial relations journal 18 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:The Industrial Relations Practices of Foreign-Owned Firms in Britain Peter J Buckley and Peter EnderwickJapanese Participation in British Industry John H DunningEmployee Consultation and Information in Multinational Corporations edited by Jacques VandammeThe Transformation of American Industrial Relations Thomas A Kochan, Harry C Katz and Robert B McKersieThe Making of Labour Law in Europe edited by Bob Hepple MansellManagement and Society in Sweden Peter Lawrence and Tony Spybey Routledge and Kegan PaulThe Trade Union Situation and Industrial Relations in HungaryThe Trade Union Situation and Industrial Relations in NorwayThe Trade Union Situation and Industrial Relations in SpainThe Trade Union Situation and Industrial Relations in YugoslaviaLabor-Owned Firms and Workers' Cooperatives S Jansson and A B Hellmark (eds)Towards a Democratic RationalityThe Cooperative Workplace—potentials and dilemmas of organizational democracy and participation J Rothschild and J Allen WhittPower and Performance in Organisations: An Exploration of Executive Process I ManghamWarwick Papers in Industrial Relations—School of Industrial and Business Studies, Industrial Relations Research Unit, University of Warwick
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  • 196
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    Industrial relations journal 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The reform of workplace labour relations in Great Britain generally had limited effects on job control. Drawing from case study material, this article analyses the interaction between the technical and social factors accounting for job control. The study of these underlying forces indicates many of the limitations of institutional reform.
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  • 197
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  • 198
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    Industrial relations journal 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Recent work by economists has generated new theories of the impact of trade unions on productivity. This article gives an exposition of these theories and assesses the extent to which they are supported by empirical evidence.
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    Industrial relations journal 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Although the US labor movement remains an important part of the nation's organized economic and political life it is now struggling to reverse its decline in power and membership. In this article the author identifies factors explaining this decline and its implications for American labor. This contribution continues the debate begun by Michael Piore in Vol 17 No 3 Autumn 1986.
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    Industrial relations journal 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Report of an international trade union seminar for delegates from the UK, USA and USSR held at Nottingham University and Northern College, Barnsley, 4–15 April 1987
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