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  • Nature Publishing Group  (11,314)
  • 1995-1999  (709)
  • 1980-1984  (3,639)
  • 1975-1979  (6,966)
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  • 1983  (3,639)
  • 1979  (3,432)
  • 1978  (3,534)
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  • 1995-1999  (709)
  • 1980-1984  (3,639)
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  • 1
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 275 (5680). pp. 547-549.
    Publication Date: 2019-06-20
    Description: THE rare deep-sea octopod Cirrothauma murrayi Chun 1910 was first described from a single specimen caught during the Michael Sars Expedition of 1910 (ref. 1). Until now it has been caught only four more times2. We describe here three specimens of this species that were recently caught during biological cruises of RRS Discovery (Fig. 1). All of these animals, including the Discovery ones, have been caught at depths of more than 1,500 m, except one that was dip-netted through the ice of the Arctic Ocean3.
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  • 2
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 275 (5680). pp. 536-538.
    Publication Date: 2018-01-22
    Description: THE Sierra Leone Rise, located in the east equatorial Atlantic, forms a discontinuous chain of seamounts as shallow as 2 km extending with a general NE–SW trend from near the Sierra Leone coast of Africa, to the St Paul fracture zone near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Fig. 1). The origin of this feature has remained a topic of discussion. Sheridan et al.1 have hypothesised that the Sierra Leone Rise is a volcanic structure formed at the beginning of the opening of the Atlantic in the early Cretaceous period. The twin features of the Sierra Leone and the Ceara Rises are probably of oceanic origin and were created 80 Myr ago or later in their present-day position with respect to Africa and South America2. The Atlantic ocean exhibits several similar aseismic structures which appear symmetrically oriented with respect to the mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Walvis–Rio Grande Rise and the Iceland Faeroes–Iceland Greenland Ridges. These structures are volcanic edifices having a composition similar to that found in their associated islands3–7. Deep sea drilling of the Ceara Rise8,9 penetrated a basaltic basement of the upper Cretaceous period (Maestrichtian) (Leg 39, Site 354). Similarly, a DSDP hole (Leg 41, Site 366) on the Sierra Leone Rise, penetrated sediments of the same period, without reaching basement10. We report here the discovery of alkali-rich volcanics in an area of the Sierra Leone Rise. The sediment overlying the rock fragments is aged ∼45 Myr.
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  • 3
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 394 . pp. 266-269.
    Publication Date: 2019-02-27
    Description: In steady state, the export of photosynthetically fixed organic matter to the deep ocean has to be balanced by an upward flux of nutrients into the euphotic zone1. Indirect geochemical estimates2 of the nutrient supply to surface waters have been substantially higher than direct biological and physical measurements3, particularly in subtropical regions. A possible explanation for the apparent discrepancy is that the sampling strategy of the direct measurements has under-represented episodic nutrient injections forced by mesoscale eddy dynamics, whereas geochemical tracer budgets integrate fluxes over longer time and space scales. Here we investigate the eddy-induced nutrient supply by combining two methods potentially capable of delivering synoptic descriptions of the ocean's state on a basin scale. Remotely sensed sea-surface height data from the simultaneous TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1 satellite missions are assimilated into a numerical eddy-resolving coupled ecosystem–circulation model of the North Atlantic Ocean. Our results indicate that mesoscale eddy activity accounts for about one-third of the total flux of nitrate into the euphotic zone (taken to represent new production) in the subtropics and at mid-latitudes. This contribution is not sufficient to maintain the observed primary production in parts of the subtropical gyre, where alternative routes of nitrogen supply will have to be considered.
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  • 4
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 272 (5648). pp. 43-46.
    Publication Date: 2016-09-02
    Description: The past 20,000 yr have witnessed tremendous climatic changes, a glacial maximum at about 18,000 yr BP and a climatic optimum centred on about 6,000 yr BP, both of which mark extreme situations for the Quaternary. This paper attempts to show that active sand dunes were extensive 18,000 yr ago. Conversely, it seems that sand dunes were generally dormant 6,000 yr ago. Thus the former textbook concept1,2 of an arid climatic optimum and a pluvially active glacial maximum is reversed.
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  • 5
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 305 (5933). pp. 403-407.
    Publication Date: 2016-11-23
    Description: Basalts from the Reykjanes Ridge contain noble gases delivered from the non-degassed lower mantle by the Iceland plume. These lower mantle gases are thought to be a mixture of planetary and solar components, as would be expected if the Earth accreted from fine silicate particles.
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  • 6
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 303 (5916). pp. 422-423.
    Publication Date: 2019-04-16
    Description: Strandings of the giant squid, Architeuthis monachus (Steen-strup), have always stirred attention because of the rarity and enormous size of these cephalopods. These animals have never been observed in their natural habitat and little is known about their physiology and ecology. Stranding of giant squids in Newfoundland waters has been correlated with the inflow of warm water, suggesting that increased temperature may be causing their death1. Squids have also been carried to the Norwegian coast with the warm North Atlantic current2 and on 23 August 1982 a live specimen was caught off Radöy near Bergen, Norway (Fig. 1). This catch gave an unprecedented opportunity to study the effects of temperature on the oxygen binding properties of blood from the giant squid. The present finding of an excess of a fourfold decrease in O2 affinity when temperature is increased from 6.4 to 15°C strongly suggests that giant squids may suffocate from arterial desaturation when increased ambient temperatures are experierced.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] TPA, an activator of protein kinase C, triggers platelet aggregation as well as the secretion of [14C]-serotonin from platelets11-13. The response to activation by 1 mM TPA at 37 C, with constant stirring, is more gradual than the response to activation by O.1Uml-1 thrombin and maximal aggregation ...
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  • 8
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 503-503 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] GASKELL REPLIES-While recognizing that the main point of Jordan's comment is to attempt to correct the allegedly misleading generalizations made by Fair all1 and myself2, I must state that the size of the forbidden line emitting region in Fairall 427 is not an open question. If one looks at ...
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  • 9
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 731-731 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE article on page 756 from Dr P. W. J. Rigby's group at Imperial College is an intriguing document which is plainly of the utmost importance, but for reasons which, at this stage, are not fully apparent. The obvious difficulty is that the observations described bear on such a variety of important ...
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  • 10
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 727-730 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WRITING some thirty years ago, Hermann Bondi suggested that in astronomy, observations had proven a less reliable arbiter of hypotheses than had theoretical considerations1 . Subsequent historical studies have widened and deepened knowledge of some of the instances cited by Bondi and have uncovered ...
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  • 11
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 733-736 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE cellular myc gene may, depending on your point of view, be seen as either the most illuminating or the most confusing of the cellular oncogenes. The promise of illumination lies in the overwhelming circumstantial evidence that c-myc activation in some lymphoid tumours is a direct subversion, ...
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  • 12
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 737-738 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] AFTER some years of increasing interest, rapid progress is now being made in the understanding of lignin biodegradation. Research in a number of laboratories has culminated in the isolation by T.K. Kirk and Ming Tien of a purified enzyme able to depolymerize lignin1. This enzyme, isolated from the ...
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  • 13
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 739-740 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ALTHOUGH an ever-increasing number of pharmacologically active peptides are being found in neurones of the central nervous system, it is still not proving possible to find out precisely what neuro-transmitter or neuromodulator functions they perform. This may not be so surprising when one remembers ...
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  • 14
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 741-741 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN a letter dated Tokio, October 3, Prof. James Main Dixon writes:- "During the two or three days at the end of August we enjoyed fine dry weather, but the sun was copper-coloured and had no brightness. When we got to Nikko, the people came to us to inquire if some catastrophe were impending, for ...
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  • 15
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 742-742 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] CAIRNS AND LOGAN REPLY - In the first half of his letter, Dr Holliday gives three reasons for thinking that programmed cell senescence is not a protection against the development of cancer. We believe that each of the arguments is fallacious. The common human cancers, as described in textbooks of ...
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  • 16
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 743-746 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The date of the Crucifixion has been debated for many years, but there has been no agreement on the year nor the day. Astronomical calculations have now been used to reconstruct the Jewish calendar in the first century AD and to date a lunar eclipse that biblical and other references ...
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  • 17
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 747-751 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tropospheric ions are of considerable interest as they have the potential to induce aerosol formation and because in situ measurements of their composition are a powerful tool for neutral trace gas detection. The first measurements of tropospheric ion compositions are now ...
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A cDNA clone corresponding to a mRNA present at elevated levels in transformed fibroblasts encodes a Qa / Tla class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen. High levels of this mRNA are found in all tumour cells tested; the transcript can undergo alternative splicing; and a repetitive ...
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  • 19
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 765-766 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Our model of photon oscillations is a simple extension of the standard gauge theory of strong interactions wherein an additional gauged U'(l) factor is adjoined to the usual spontaneously broken SU(3) xSU(2) xU(1). Known particles transform trivially under U'(1). At this point, the model involves ...
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  • 20
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 768-770 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Graphitic particles can only be produced by combustion processes. If one excludes natural burning processes that are not expected to be a significant source during winter and spring when Arctic haze is at a maximum, then one can attribute these particles directly to anthropogenic combustion ...
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  • 21
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 772-773 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] More than half a century ago it was postulated that coal was a 'polymeric' or macromolecular substance1-3. However, the evidence has not been completely convincing, and the particular nature of the macromolecular state has remained uncertain. Boddy4 found that coals, which normally exhibit brittle ...
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  • 22
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 662-666 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The β-globin gene present on the deletion locus in a Dutch γβ-thalassaemic patient was found to be identical to the normal β-globin gene with respect to DNA sequence and its transcription in HeLa cells. DNase I sensitivity and methylation experiments show that the affected ...
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  • 23
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 670-673 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The lines in the spectrum of the Zurich sunspot index in the interval 100 〈 t 〈 8 yr (where t is the period) match those of a model in which a 22-yr carrier 'wave' representing the Hale 22-yr cycle is amplitude modulated (AM) at the 90 yr (Gleissburg) period in the presence of a small but ...
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  • 24
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 676-677 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] An observed deficiency of chloride ions in coastal aerosols in some locations has been attributed to a reaction of HNO3 or NO2 with NaCl (refs 7-12). Gaseous HC1 has been assumed to be the product based on studies11,12 showing that 0.1-100 p.p.m. NO2 reacted rapidly with moist NaCl aerosols to ...
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  • 25
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 679-680 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The anorthosites were emplaced into presumed Archaean quartzof eldspathic gneisses, although in large areas of the Grenville Province, both massifs and basement rocks were reworked during late Proterozoic (about 1,000 Myr) Grenvillian metamorphism5. The Adirondack anorthosite may have crystallized ...
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The basicranium is part of a dorsoventrally crushed skull and upper dentition of Diacodon alticuspis, an erinaceomorph from the Lower Eocene (Wasatchian North American Land Mammal Age, about 52 Myr BP) of northern New Mexico7. The specimen was collected in 1946 by an American Museum of Natural ...
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  • 27
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 688-691 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Indirect immunofluorescence techniques were used to identify the cholinergic and substance P-containing neurones of the midbrain and pontine tegmentum of young adult male rats (150-200 g, Wistar). To increase the levels of ChAT and substance P in cell bodies, the animals were given an injection of ...
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] There is considerable evidence that the major immunogen is situated on VP1, one of the four capsid proteins1-5. Furthermore, the position of the major immunogenic site on VP1 of virus of serotype 0 has been shown to lie within the amino acid tract 141-1606-8. The same region of VP1 from other ...
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Thy-1 glycoprotein exists in two allotypic forms, Thy 1.1 and Thy 1.2 (ref. 4). It has been proposed that an arginine residue at position 89 corresponds to the Thy 1.1 allotype and a glutamine residue to Thy 1.2 (ref. 5). Since the two proteins differ by only a single residue, they offered a ...
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  • 30
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 699-701 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, causative agent of East African sleeping sickness in man, also infects domestic and game animals. As the sole criterion for distinguishing T. b. rhodesiense from T. b. brucei is the former's infectivity to man, any T. brucei group stock isolated from reservoir host ...
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  • 31
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 704-707 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Previously we have isolated two recombinant plasmids (pYA102 and pYA208) containing overlapping DNA fragments which harbour the yeast actin gene8,9. In studying the region 5' to the actin gene we detected another gene whose transcription product is a polysomal RNA coding for a protein of 20,000 ...
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  • 32
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 707-709 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The transforming genes of Harvey and Kirsten murine sarcoma viruses have been named ras oncogenes because these two oncogenic retroviruses were originally isolated by passage of murine leukaemia viruses in rats1. The ras oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus has been named v-rasH and that of ...
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  • 33
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 709-712 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have previously shown that linker histone (H1 and H5) induced chromatin condensation, as measured by electron microscopy, is directly proportional to the sedimentation rate5. Here we have used the sedimentation rate of chromatin as the primary measure of its higher order folding. Our ...
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  • 34
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 713-714 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIS is the book we have been waiting for. Fifteen years ago, the neutral theory was proposed by Kimura, and independently by King and Jukes. In Kimura's formulation, it made two assertions. First, chance events have been more important than natural selection in bringing about evolutionary changes ...
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  • 35
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 714-714 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE realization in the early 1970s that free radicals are a normal component of the Earth's lower atmosphere revolutionized our understanding of atmospheric chemistry and its role in the larger biogeo-chemical cycling of the elements. However, the advances made in this field over the past decade ...
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  • 36
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 714-715 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] As most historians portray it, science is a linear sequence of triumphant discoveries. Occasionally we hear of scientists who were mistaken, just so long as they were mistaken in big ways. But most scientists fail in the most literal sense of this term. They may publish a few papers, but these ...
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  • 37
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 715-715 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] GLIMPSE of 1986 - an artist's impression of the International Solar Polar Mission spacecraft (which is now completed) atop a Centaur upper stage after its deployment from the Space Shuttle. The illustration is taken from a new publication of the European Space Agency, The International Solar Polar ...
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  • 38
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 521-521 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] How, in the long run, can a modern state hope to deal equitably with its pensioners, especially if a substantial fraction of its putatively working population is forced into premature pensionhood by unemployment? And what if the social burden of the unemployment rolls will in any case be made ...
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  • 39
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 522-522 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ROBERT Nozick, the Harvard University philosopher, wrote last week in the New York Times that animal rights is a subject that seems to attract cranks. The distinguishing feature of a crank, he was quick to point out, is not merely preoccupation with a single issue; the solving of the world's ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 522-522 
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    Notes: [Auszug] How would you find out whether a ball that bounces best on one surface bounces best on all surfaces? How would you tell why a snail will not cross a ring of salty water? These are some of the questions that have been put to 11-year-olds in British primary schools by a group of investigators from ...
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  • 41
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 523-523 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC) has now completed its strategic plan, intended as an adaptation to the expected substantial drop in its share of the science budget over the next few years. The plan, which has not yet been ratified, will be discussed next week at a meeting of ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 523-523 
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    Notes: [Auszug] NATURE is able today to report the exciting news that there is life - of a kind - in outer space. Through the marvels of modern communications, President Ronald Reagan, Chancellor Helmut Kohl of West Germany, your correspondent and a few other European journalists were able on Monday to direct ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 524-524 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine in Palo Alto, California, has settled yet another lawsuit brought by a former employee who claimed to have been dismissed from a tenured research position. Dr Fred West all, who worked at the institute in 1978 and 1979, had accused Pauling of ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 524-524 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Chicago UNDAUNTED by 12 years of intermittent controversy, distinguished academics continue to flock to the annual conference on "the unity of the sciences" sponsored by Reverend Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church. This year's conference, held here last week, heard the Nobel economist F.A. Hayek ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 525-525 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE Wildlife and Countryside Act, introduced two years ago, has run into serious trouble. British conservation groups are complaining that the act fails to provide adequate protection to places designated by the Nature Conservancy Council (NCC) as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). The ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] FINLAND is planning a massive modification of its environmental legislation over the next ten years. At present, the laws of environmental protection are a confused collection of ad hoc acts introduced piecemeal to cope with specific problems. The need for a legislative review was underlined by the ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 526-526 
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    Notes: [Auszug] OUT of the political and economic gloom over the Athens summit earlier this week, where European Prime Ministers were attempting to thrash out a solution to the European Community's burgeoning "budget problem", officials were hoping for a little "green light" for biotechnology. The heads of ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 526-526 
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    Notes: [Auszug] EVEN if French academic computing power is behind that of the United Kingdom and West Germany (see Nature304,298; 1983), things may be looking up. After two years of often bitter negotiations, the biggest scientific campus in France - the Universit de Paris Sud at Orsay - has at last been granted a ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 527-527 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Canberra THE Labour Government has been busily reversing the free-market bent of Mr Malcolm Eraser's policy on telecommunications in order to keep it in the public sector. The latest policy reversal is the decision on 15 November to retain full ownership of Aussat Pty Ltd, the company set up to ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN a stout defence of laboratory animal experiments, Sir Andrew Huxley, president of the Royal Society, last week let slip that he personally countersigns 1,500 applications a year by researchers to the Home Office - and that he sends about 100 of them back for amendment before adding his ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 528-528 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Stockholm THE Sixth International Conference on Collective Phenomena last week cast light on the problem of scientific "refusniks" in the Soviet Union. Although many Western scientists have in the past ten years visited the regular Sunday seminars organized by the refusniks (Jewish scientists ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 528-528 
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    Notes: [Auszug] EUROPEAN publishers were last week astounded by the announcement by Academic Press London (APL) that it is to make redundant more than half of its 247-strong workforce. The recent history of APL has been troubled (see Nature 303, 192; 1983) and changes were expected, but the scale of job losses ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] GENETICS Institute, the Cambridge (Massachusetts) biotechnology corporation, claimed last week important progress towards the production of factor VIII, the blood-clotting agent in which haemophiliacs are deficient. The institute says that it should have been able to clone and express the gene for ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 528-529 
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    Notes: [Auszug] RELIGIOUS fundamentalists are shifting their efforts to local school boards, having largely failed in the courts and state legislatures to force the teaching of "creation science" in public schools. The current multiplicity of relatively low-key efforts seems, at least in some areas, to be paying ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] ENCOURAGING signs of life in British biotechnology have been discovered by Biotechnology Investments Limited (BIL), the two-and-a-half-year-old company sponsored by the merchant bank N. M. Rothschild & Sons Limited. Since the end of May, when BIL's second annual report showed investments of ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - In the argument about numerology (Nature 7 July, p. 11 and 1 September, p.8), both the numerologists and their critics miss the point. Being impressed by the near match of numbers does not make science, nor is it scientific simply to stress the remaining inaccuracy and complain of the lack of ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 531-531 
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    Notes: [Auszug] LEXICOGRAPHERS have been dismayed, but word-game players no doubt delighted, by the appearence on the scene of the word yrast, one of the rare contributions of the Swedish language to international usage. (The word is apparently the superlative of the adjective gr, which means "dizzy".) Its ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 532-533 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ON 17 August 1983, the GlomarChallenger docked in St. John's, Newfoundland, with more than two miles of sediment cored from a climatically critical region of the North Atlantic Ocean. This ended a voyage begun 55 days earlier in Norfolk, Virginia, that took the Challenger to a transect of six sites ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN its early days, the science of ethology was devoted largely to the description of the behaviour patterns of animals. Today, however, the subject encompasses a wide range of disciplines, as indicated by the themes of the Plenary Sessions at the 18th International Ethological Conference*: ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 535-537 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SINCE introns and exons were discovered six years ago, the split organization of eukaryotic genes has been seen as a mechanism for enhancing the rateof evolutionary change. First, Gilbert1 put forward the important hypothesis that exons correspond to protein functions which can be reshuffled by ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 537-538 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE I region of the mouse major histo-compatibility complex (H-2) codesfor cell surface glycoproteins referred to as class II molecules but previously known as I-region associated or Ia antigens. The class II molecules areheterodimers of two trans-membrane glycoproteins, a 32,000 molecular ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 538-539 
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    Notes: [Auszug] AT a recent workshop* in Edinburgh investigators from forty different laboratories grappled with the idiosyncratic properties of more than 100 monoclonal antibodies raised against HLA Class II antigens. These glycoproteins, also known as la antigens, are of great interest because of their ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 539-540 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Two new papers appearing in Nature1,2 add those with an interest in mitochondria to the ever-growing list of scientists required to understand something of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Not so many years ago the MHC was commonly thought to be too complex to be comprehensible to all ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] ECDYSTEROIDS, the hormones controlling development in arthropods and present in certain plant families, have now been found in helminth parasites of humans and livestock (trematodes1, filarial nematodes2 and cestodes3,4). As reported at a recent conference*, one result - of great potential ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 541-545 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Deuterium and water contents of rhyolite obsidian tephra clasts and lava flows sampled in the western USA decrease within each eruptive sequence, from D- and H2O-rich, explosive (Plinian) eruptions, to D- and H2O-depleted lava flows. These changes result not from volatile ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 545-550 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Sulphur isotope analyses reveal that the fossil hydrothermal pyrite mound and tubes at Silvermines were produced by the reaction of hydrothermal Fe(II) with bacteriogenically-reduced sulphur species (δ34S range:−18.4 to −42.5%). This took place in a brine pool ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Nucleotide sequence and deletion analysis have been used to identify the regulatory and coding sequences comprising the cholera toxin operon (ctx). Incorporation of defined in vitro-generated ctx deletion mutations into Vibrio cholerae by in vivo genetic recombination produced strains which have ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] DNA sequences containing the 5′-flanking regions of the insulin and chymotrypsin genes were linked to the coding sequence of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. The insulin gene recombinant elicits preferential expression of CAT activity when introduced into cells producing ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The β-adrenergic receptor binding subunits from frog erythrocytes, hamster lung and guinea pig lung have been purified to apparent homogeneity and in all cases reside on a single polypeptide. Insertion of the pure receptors into phospholipid vesicles and subsequent fusion of these vesicles ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 566-568 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We have three sets of observations on which the actual discovery7 of a radio supernova in NGC4258 is based: (1) a combination of data taken with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) in 1974-75 and data taken with the Very Large Array (VLA) in June 1979 at 1,415 and 1,480 MHz ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 568-569 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The short-period end of the pulsar distribution is dominated by the Crab and Vela pulsars: they are typical young objects with a vigorous energy output, and, because of their unique evolutionary status, have served as a basis for much of the theoretical debate on pulsars' emission mechanisms (see, ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 607-609 
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    Notes: [Auszug] DNA attached to a protein matrix was isolated from hen oviducts and digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI. The released (85% of total) and bound (15% of total) fractions were separated quantitatively and analysed by gel electrophoresis, blotted to nitrocellulose by the method of Southern13 and ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] For the isolation of IGF-I cDNA we used a cDNA library derived from human adult liver12. This library was constructed by preparing double-stranded cDNA from poly (A)-containing mRNA and inserting it into the Pstl restriction site of the pBR322 derivative pKT21813, using the dG-dC tailing technique. ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 615-616 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Genomic DNA was prepared from peripheral blood of individuals typed for C4 and samples were digested with various restriction endonucleases, the resulting fragments separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose filters and hybridized with a 32P-labelled cDNA probe known to ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] A human genomic DNA library22 was screened for phage carrying preproenkephalin B (alternatively designated prepro-dynorphin) gene sequences by hybridization in situ23 at 60 C with a porcine cDNA probe1. To examine whether the initial phage clones thus obtained carried the entire mRNA-coding ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 616-617 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Among a collection of Enterobacteriaceae made by E. D. G. Murray between 1917 and 1954, 84 (19%) transferred conjugative plasmids to E. coli K-12. Of these, 36 determined colicinogeny, one determined tellurite resistance and 47 were cryptic1. We labelled cryptic conjugative plasmids with antibiotic ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] We first related the ability of EGF to stimulate DNA synthesis with expression of EGF receptors by WI-38 cells of various in vitro ages. The in vitro age of WI-38 cultures was monitored using two indices, population doubling level (PDL)22 and per cent of the replicative lifespan completed (PLC)23; ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 620-622 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Procedures used for preparation of high-speed cytoplasmic extracts (HSE) from Xenopus eggs are outlined in Fig. 1. When HSE is incubated at 18-25 C, a distinct gel forms which slowly contracts over a period of 12-24 h. Actin is a main component of the gel as shown by the following criteria: (1) a ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 623-623 
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    Notes: [Auszug] WHEN distinguished physicists reach the age of sixty - or some similar milestone - it is not unusual to celebrate the occasion by bringing out a festschrift made up of papers written on request by friends and colleagues. These volumes must be a source of satisfaction to the person so honoured but ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 623-624 
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN his Presidential Address to the Geochemical Society in 1976, Karl Turekian said "... one has the feeling that the whole field of trace metal marine geochemistry would have been a completely dull one over the past fifty years if it weren't for analytical errors! The startling conclusion, as the ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 624-625 
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    Notes: [Auszug] EVOLUTIONARY theory is as attractive to biologists now as it has ever been. Most social scientists, however, continue to resist its allure, recalling the malign influence of nineteenth century evolutionism in the social arena. It is no surprise, then, that these two books on the relationship ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] BLUE skies and red sunsets intrigued Leonardo de Vinci and stimulated some of the best scientific compositions of Tyndall and Lord Rayleigh. While no longer an enigma to a generation which was exposed to essays on sky colour in the classics of children's scientific literature and which witnessed ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 626-626 
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    Notes: [Auszug] FASCINATING insights into the evolution of nature's elements and the subsequent history of our Solar System can be obtained from the study of elemental abundances and isotopic anomalies in terrestrial, meteoritic and lunar materials. In this book, Paul Kuroda examines some of the facets of this ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN 1980, T.C. Whitmore wrote: "The second half of the twentieth century will stand in history as the brief period during which Man reduced the area of the richest and most complex ecosystems in the world by one third". The ecosystems he referred to, of course, are the world's tropical rain forests ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] AT first sight this book appears to be all that English-speaking orchid enthusiasts have been waiting for - an authoritative up-to-date account of European orchids. Indeed, it is claimed to be so by the authors. The photographs are excellent but, unfortunately, the text does them scant justice as ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 411-412 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Soviet Union's walk-out last week from the arms control negotiations at Geneva may not be quite the calamity that it seems: that is the bright side of the coin. For this development, well flagged in advance as the probable response to the first appearance in Europe of the cruise and Pershing II ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 412-412 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Is the British Government's wind power programme in the doldrums? Earlier this year, the Department of Energy's advisory committee on research and development put wind at the top of the list of renewable sources of energy, saying at the same time that wave power is unlikely to be economic. As a ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 413-413 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE launch earlier this week from Cape Canaveral in Florida of the shuttle craft carrying the Spacelab experiment probably marks a turning point in collaboration on space projects between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the United ...
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    Nature 306 (1983), S. 413-413 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), West Germany's largest academic research organization outside the universities, will have a new president when Heinz Staab takes over from Reimar Lust in July 1984. The MPG has an annual budget of DM950 million (£240 million), of which 6 per cent comes from ...
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  • 90
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Acquisition of invasive/metastatic potential through protease expression is an essential event in tumor progression. High levels of components of the plasminogen activation system, including urokinase, but paradoxically also its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1), have been ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] B-cell activation depends on the intensity of B-cell receptor cross-linking. Studies of haptenated antigens1 and vesicular stomatitis virus2 (VSV) have demonstrated a correlation between antigen repetitiveness and the degree to which B-cell activation is independent of T cells. Here, we compare ...
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    Nature medicine 4 (1998), S. 973-973 
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] From the bench to the clinic (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 836) Edited by David M. Stoff & J. John Mann The New York Academy of Sciences, $80, 365 pp. ISBN1-57331 095-6, 1998 Reviewed By Angelo S. Halaris Department of Psychiatry, University of Mississippi, ...
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    ISSN: 1546-170X
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    Notes: [Auszug] Ribozymes, catalytic RNA molecules that cleave a complementary mRNA sequence, have potential as therapeutics for dominantly inherited disease. Twelve percent of American patients with the blinding disease autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) carry a substitution of histidine for proline ...
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    Nature medicine 4 (1998), S. 974-974 
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Genes associated with cancer Invasion, Metastasis and cell proliferation G.V. Sherbet & M.S. Lakshmi Academic Press, $85, 352 pp. ISBN: 0-126-39875-5, 1997 Reviewed By Daniel A. Haber Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School,Charlestown, MA 02129 The ...
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    Nature medicine 4 (1998), S. 974-974 
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Tissue transglutaminase selectively modifies gliadin peptides that are recognized by gut-derived T cells in celiac disease Øyvind Molberc, Stephen N. Mcadam, Roman Korner, Hanne Quarsten, Christel Kristiansen, Lars Madsen, Lars Fuccer, Helce Scott, Ove Noren, Peter Roepstorff, Knut E.A. ...
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    Nature medicine 4 (1998), S. 745-745 
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Over the last decade or so, the number of papers listed by the US National Library of Medicine with the word Alzheimer in their title has grown steadily—in all, some twelve thousand are listed. Yet despite this level of activity and the fact that this disease, thought to represent the most ...
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    Nature medicine 4 (1998), S. 746-746 
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor—Burton and Moore claim that “The experience of the biopharmaceutical companies in the HIV vaccine area has not been a happy one …. Interpretive loophole are ruthlessly exploited to beathe life into a corpse….” This is an opinion that we do not agree ...
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    Nature medicine 4 (1998), S. 869-869 
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor—In his thoughtful review of Donald Kennedy's book Academic Duty (Nature Med. 4, 241–2, 1998), Michael Zigmond expresses the wish that “Kennedy had devoted more space to a discussion of why there is a relative lack of attention to duty on the part of the ...
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    Nature medicine 4 (1998), S. 869-869 
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Zigmond replies—I found much to praise in my review of Kennedy's book, including the central premise—that faculty should devote more attention to the academic duty that accompanies their academic freedom. However, I also noted that Kennedy ignored many of the bases of the conditions he ...
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    Nature medicine 4 (1998), S. 870-870 
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor—In an excellent News & Views article in the June issue1, Constantin Bona comments on two papers2,3 reporting promising results of idiotype vaccine experiments in mice. Bona suggests that anti-idiotype antibodies have not been adopted as cancer vaccines in humans and ...
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