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  • Articles  (440,491)
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  • 1
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    Paradepferd mit bleiernen Füßen : internationaler Klimaschutz und die Umsetzung in Deutschland (2002)
    Bonn : Forum Umwelt & Entwicklung | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 2
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    Towards an analytical strategic environmental assessment : the ANSEA network (2002)
    Milano : Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Saubere Gewinne : so legen Sie Ihr Geld ethisch-ökologisch an (2002)
    Freiburg : Herder | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: book , doc-type:book
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  • 4
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    Modellvorhaben "Autoarmes Wohnen im Bestand am Johannesplatz in Halle/Saale" : Projektentwicklung und Ergebnisse ; Teilbericht 17 im Rahmen des UBA-Modellvorhabens "Umweltschonender Einkaufs- und Freizeitverkehr in Halle und Leipzig" (2002)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 5
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    Parasound journal of Polarstern Leg ANT-XIX/5 2002-04-03 to 2002-05-05 (2002)
    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 6
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    Parasound journal of Polarstern Leg ARK-XVIII/2 2002-08-24 to 2002-10-15 (2002)
    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 7
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    Interpretation of data from the automatic weather stations Drescher and Filchner and Comparison with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis model results (2002)
    Alfred-Wegener-Institut
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, Alfred-Wegener-Institut
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-23
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 8
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    The use of a Phyto-PAM fluorimeter to study responses of the phytoplankton community to nutrient enrichment in an estuarine coastal region influenced by pulsed water diversions from the Mississippi River (Caernarvon, Louisiana) (2002)
    In:  EPIC3PULSES Workshop- “The importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed sustainability in Coastal Louisiana”., Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 2002
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 9
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    The use of marine resources (chitosan, micro algae) to clean up aquatic heavy metal pollution (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Recent Achievements in Environmental Biotechnology, Fachhochschule Aachen, 2002
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-13
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    Metabolism and decompression tolerance of scavenging lysianassoid deep-sea amphipods (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 49(7), pp. 1281-1289, ISSN: 09670637
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-06
    Description: Respiration, ammonia excretion and decompression tolerance were studied in several species of lysianassoid amphipods captured at four stations in the deep Arabian Sea with an isolated trap maintaining them at in situ temperature. The amphipods were decompressed from their ambient to atmospheric pressure during recovery. Six amphipods, belonging to the species Eurythenes gryllus, Paralicella caperesca and Abyssorchomene abyssorum, survived decompression from depths between 1920 and 4420 m. The physiological condition of these specimens was good inferred by the fact that their swimming and resting behaviour appeared normal, they reacted to disturbance by light and vibration, and were able to ingest food to maintain full guts. Most of the amphipods (421 individuals), however, were recovered dead, which allows information about their decompression tolerance and their vertical migration ability to be deduced. Weight-specific respiration rates of the deep-sea amphipods that were fed prior to the experiments were not lower than in shallow-water amphipods living at similar temperatures. Differences in respiration rates between the specimens are discussed with regard to body size, species specificity and food supply. Weight-specific ammonia excretion rates were extremely high when compared with shallow-water relatives, indicating a capability for rapid digestion. This may be an adaptation to the unpredictable food supply in the deep sea as it enables the amphipod to empty its digestive tract quickly, thus making it available for additional food. Rapid digestion also enables the animals to regain mobility soon after feeding, permitting them to move to new food sources.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
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    Verfahren zur aufarbeitung von Manganknollen durch Schwefelsäuredrucklaugung (1977)
    Erzmetall
    In:  EPIC3-, Erzmetall
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-22
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 12
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    Anthropogenic distorted Si-Cu ratios - effects on coastal plankton communities (2002)
    SETAC
    In:  EPIC3SETAC 23rd Annual Meeting in North America - Achieving Global Environmental Quality: Integrating Science & Management, Salt Lake City, Ut, USA, 2002-11-16-2002-11-20Salt Lake City, Utah, SETAC
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-09
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 13
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    Chlorophyll and primary production in the German Bight, North Sea (2002)
    In:  EPIC3ASLO meeting, Victoria, BC, Victoria, BC, Canada, 2002
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 14
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    Figures of: Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of Manganese Nodules from the Suiko Seamount, Northwestern Pacific Ocean - 1 - Some Problems Concerning the Mineralogy (1977)
    Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan
    In:  EPIC3Japan, Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-01
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 15
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    Estrategias de explotación sustentable algas pardas en la zona norte de Chile (2002)
    Instituto de Fomento Pesquero
    In:  EPIC3Valparaíso, Chile, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 16
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    Sykon Endbericht; Fachgebiet 7 Phytoplankton (2002)
    ZMK, Hamburg
    In:  EPIC3ZMK, Hamburg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Miscellaneous , notRev
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  • 17
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    Interaction of Contaminants and Nutrients-Possible Consequences for the Louisiana Shelf Plankton Community Structure - Annual Report, BORSF (2002)
    In:  EPIC3
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Miscellaneous , notRev
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  • 18
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    New taxa and combinations in Rutaceae (1977)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.444 (1977) nr.1 p.471
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: New taxa and combinations are published here in anticipation of the revision of the Rutaceae-Pilocarpinae to be published in the near future (thesis, and in Flora Neotropica). Two new combinations of species excluded from subtribe Pilocarpinae are added.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 19
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    Studies on Colombian cryptogams. IIB. Hepaticae – Oil body structure and ecological distribution of selected species of tropical Andean Jungermanniales (1977)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.479 (1977) nr.1 p.394
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Oil bodies 7-12 in upper leaf cells, 10-20 in elongated basal leaf cells; globose to ellipsoid, 3-7(-10)x3-5 μm; colourless, coarsely segmented, consisting of c. 15-30 aggregated droplets (Colombia, Boyacá, páramos NW of Belén, Cabeceras Q. El Toral, 3765 m, Cleef 2292e; Ecuador, páramos de El Angel, 17 km. S. of Tulcán, 3350 m, Gradstein, Lanier & Weber s.n.). The presence of segmented oil bodies in Colura patagonica is remarkable because previous studies of living Colura (from Japan) reported homogeneous oil bodies (cf. Schuster & Hattori 1964; Inoue 1974).
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 20
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    Obituary Peter Arnold Florschütz (1923-1976) (1977)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.461 (1977) nr.1 p.395
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: On 27 May 1976 Peter Arnold Florschütz, bryologist, died at the age of only 53 at De Bilt, Netherlands. Only six weeks prior he had been hospitalized as a result of kidney cancer. His untimely death came as totally unexpected and shocking news to his friends and colleagues all over the world, many of whom had seen him in excellent health the year before at the Botanical Congress in Leningrad. He was a lector of botany and curator of the cryptogamic herbarium at the Institute for Systematic Botany and acting director of the Botanical Gardens of the University of Utrecht, the same institution where he had studied biology from 1941 to 1949. In his professional capacity he had held positions at the Institute for Systematic Botany from 1946 until 1949 as student-assistant and from 1949 on as staff member. Initially under the directorship of his teacher in plant systematics Professor A. A. Pulle, and from 1948 until 1970 under Professor J. Lanjouw’s leadership, the “Flora of Suriname” was being tackled by the staff of the institute. Thus, as a young graduate student, Florschütz was assigned the revision of the mosses of Suriname; a comprehensive and difficult task, because in those post-war years there was a vacuum in European exotic bryology. The heydays, with Herzog in Germany, Brotherus in Scandinavia, Dixon in Great Britain and Thériot and Camus in France were over. At the beginning, Florschütz was entirely dependent on Brotherus’ treatment of the world’s mosses in Engler and Prantl, “Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien.” In those years he had run over the leaves of this book for weeks on end in a typical posture, like he used to tell: folded in a chair, book on his lap.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 21
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    Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. en C. pilifer Brid. in Nederland (1977)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.465 (1977) nr.1 p.157
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Campylopus introflexus, a new neophyte in western Europe, occurs throughout the Netherlands. After its first appearance in 1961, it is now a common moss. It grows as a pioneer on acid, well-drained places. The differences with C. pilifer are summarized. The occurrence of the latter in the Netherlands could not be affirmed.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 22
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    On the wood anatomy of the tribe “Olmedieae” (Moraceae) and the position of the genus Olmedia R. & P (1977)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.437 (1977) nr.1 p.1
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The structure of the wood of the genera Castilla, Helicostylis, Maquira, Naucleopsis, Olmedia, Perebea and Pseudolmedia, considered to belong in the Olmedieae (cf. Berg 1972) is described. The diversity in anatomical structure between the genera is small, and it is hard to distinguish Maquira, Perebea and Pseudolmedia from each other. Castilla can be recognized by its thinwalled and wide-lumined fibres, Helicostylis by its parenchyma distribution, Naucleopsis (usually) by its more numerous vessels with a smaller diameter. A more marked difference is shown by the monotypic genus Olmedia with apotracheal banded parenchyma instead of the paratracheal aliform to confluent-banded parenchyma of the other genera. Septate fibres, which are characteristic for the other genera – some species of Helicostylis excepted – are nearly completely absent in Olmedia. This structural difference is considered as an argument in favour of the exclusion of Olmedia from the tribe Olmedieae (Berg 1977).
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 23
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    Lijst van de in Nederland voorkomende Levermossen (1977)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.471 (1977) nr.1 p.151
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The new checklist of Dutch liverworts comprises 126 species, 1 subspecies and 5 varieties. Since 1962 seven liverwort species have been added to the flora: Barbilophozia hatcheri, Calypogeia muellerana, Cephalozia pleniceps, Fossombronia incurva, Haplomitrium hookeri, Lophozia perssonii and Plagiochila porelloides. Of twelve species presumed occurrence in the Netherlands needs verification. Nomenclature follows Grolle’s “Verzeichnis der Lebermoose Europas” (Feddes Repert. 87: 171-279. 1976), except for Isopaches, Leiocolea and Microlejeunea, which are maintained as genera and Phaeoceros carolinianus, Cephalozia lammersiana, Chiloscyphus pallescens, Lophozia silvicola and Lophocolea cuspidata. , which are treated as intraspecific taxa.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 24
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    Studies on Lejeuneaceae subfam. Ptychanthoideae (Hepaticae) IV. Verdoornianthus, a new Genus from Amazonas, Brazil (1977)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.470 (1977) nr.1 p.606
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The new Amazonian liverwort genus Verdoornianthus is considered to be a specialized derivative of the widespread tropical genus Archilejeunea. Differences are the absence of innovations, the dull, suberect leaves, the tristratose rhizoid pad and the larger size of the lobule of the female bracts in Verdoornianthus. There are two species, V. marsupiifolius (Spruce) comb. nov. (Lejeunea marsupiifolia Spruce) from the upstream part of the Rio Negro and V. griffinii sp. nov. from Manaus.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 25
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    Revisions of African Moraceae (excluding Dorstenia, Ficus, Musanga and Myrianthus) (1977)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.449 (1977) nr.1 p.267
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: In continuation of de Ruiter’s treatment of Myrianthus and Musanga (Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 46: 471-510.1976), the present paper gives a revision of the African representatives of 17 genera of the Moraceae. The area studied not only consists of the African Continent, but also includes Madagascar, the Comoro Islands, the Mascarenes, the Seychelles, and the Aldabra Islands. Several new combinations are made: Antiaris toxicaria ssp. africana (Engl.) C.C. Berg, A. toxicaría ssp. africana var. usambarensis” (Engl.) C.C. Berg, A. toxicaria ssp. macrophylla (R.Br.) C.C. Berg, A. toxicaría ssp. madagascariensis (H. Perrier) C.C. Berg, A. toxicaria ssp. humbertii (Léandri) C.C. Berg, Broussonetia greveana (Baillon) C.C. Berg, Treculia africana ssp. madagascarica (N.E.Br.) C.C. Berg, and T. africana ssp. madagascarica var. sambiranensis (Léandri) C. C. Berg. Many names are brought into synonymy. Besides revising taxa, the present study aims to fill a gap in our knowledge between Asian Moraceae (studied by Corner, whose studies resulted in a new classification of the family) and the neotropical Moraceae, a subject of study by the present author. Therefore discussions about classification of the family and relationships of African Moraceae with moraceous taxa elsewhere are an essential part of the present paper.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 26
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    Vascular plants from the Galápagos Islands: new records and taxonomic notes (1977)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.441 (1977) nr.1 p.89
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: From April 1974 to October 1975 the author conducted field work on the Galápagos Islands for a vegetation study of Santa Cruz and Volcán Alcedo, Isabela. Plants were collected on other islands as well. Thirty-five taxa are new for the archipelago. When determining the material, I found some changes in nomenclature to be necessary. The first set of the collection is in U while a duplicate set will be deposited in CAS. A representative set will be deposited in an Ecuadorian Herbarium. The sequence of the taxa in the Flora of the Galapagos Islands (Wiggins & Porter 1971) is followed.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 27
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    Landmark-based morphometric analysis of two sibling species of the genus Asida (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) (2002)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.70 (2002) nr.4 p.213
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The case described here analyses morphological change at the boundary between ecological and evolutionary scales. The size and shape of 8 populations of two sibling species of tenebrionid beetles (Asida planipennis and A. moraguesi) are analysed using landmark-based methods. The two species differ in size, shape and in allometric trajectory. Thin-Plate Spline Analysis (TPSA) combined with Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) reveal the specific shape changes that allow the best inter-species discrimination. These changes involve the outline of the posterior margin of the pronotum. Moreover, the landmarkbased method provides useful tools for interpreting the intraspecies variability of some continuously varying morphological characters. In the case of A. planipennis, size and shape are correlated at the inter-population level, but are independent at the intra-population level. Moreover, size and shape do not reflect any spatial (i.e., geographical) structure or phylogenetic inertia at the inter-population level. These facts favour sitespecific environmental conditions as the main cause of shape and size variability in this species. One environmental variable is suggested to be the cause of the inter-population morphological differences detected.
    Keywords: Geometric morphometry ; Thin-Plate spline analysis ; canonical variates analysis ; species discrimination ; allometry ; Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera)
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 28
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    The limitations of ontogenetic data in phylogenetic analyses (2002)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.71 (2002) nr.1/3 p.47
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The analysis of consecutive ontogenetic stages, or events, introduces a new class of data to phylogenetic systematics that are distinctly different from traditional morphological characters and molecular sequence data. Ontogenetic event sequences are distinguished by varying degrees of both a collective and linear type of dependence and, therefore, violate the criterion of character independence. We applied different methods of phylogenetic reconstruction to ontogenetic data including maximum parsimony and distance (cluster) analyses. Two different data sets were investigated: (1) four simulated ontogenies with defined phylogenies of six hypothetical taxa, and (2) a set of “real” data comprising sequences of 29 ontogenetic events from 11 vertebrate taxa. We confirm that heterochronic event sequences do contain a phylogenetic signal. However, based on our results we argue that maximum parsimony is a biased method to analyze such developmental sequence data. Ontogenetic events require a special analytical algorithm that would not neglect instances of chronological (horizontal) dependence of this type of data. One coding method, “event-pairing”, appeared to fulfill this requirement in the vertebrate analyses. However, to accurately analyze ontogenetic sequence data, a more sophisticated coding method and algorithm are needed, for example, measuring distances of dependent events.
    Keywords: Ontogeny ; heterochrony ; event pairs ; vertebrate development ; sequence data ; phylogenetic methodology ; parsimony ; neighbor joining
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 29
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    Evolution and developmental biology in The Netherlands (2002)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.71 (2002) nr.1/3 p.3
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: I have long maintained that in the unfolding of exciting lines of research, seldom can one plan how to achieve a cooperative program. “Planned science,” more often than not, is forced science and not particularly productive. Far more significant is the role of serendipity in defining an exciting and innovative line of research, i.e., a truly stimulating cooperation. Fundamental advances simply cannot be planned for; one has to flow with the current. Thus it was that serendipity brought together the research group in Experimental Embryology of Prof. dr. J.A.M. van den Biggelaar at the University of Utrecht, and my own group in Systematics and Zoogeography at the University of Amsterdam. Several years ago I had received a grant proposal to review from the Dutch science research council (NWO). The proposed project intended to examine patterns of early development in the gastropod Patella in a large scale, evolutionary context. I found the project an exciting one and gave it my highest endorsement. Furthermore, so taken was I by the proposal that I made contact with its author. Prof. van den Biggelaar. I had long entertained the idea that a combination of an evolutionarily inclined group in embryology with embryologically sensitive systematists could achieve great things. I revealed myself to Jo van den Biggelaar as one of his reviewers and proposed that we meet.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 30
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    Boolean logic and character state identity: pitfalls of character coding in metazoan cladistics (2002)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology (1383-4517) vol.71 (2002) nr.1/3 p.67
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: A critical study of the morphological data sets used for the most recent analyses of metazoan cladistics exposes a rather cavalier attitude towards character coding. Binary absence/presence coding is ubiquitous, but without any explicit justification. This uncompromising application of Boolean logic in character coding is remarkable since several recent investigations have nominated absence/presence coding as the most problematic coding method available for standard cladistic analysis. Moreover, the prevalence of unspecified “absence” character states in the published data sets introduces a discrepancy between the theoretical foundations of phylogenetic parsimony and current practices in metazoan cladistics. Because phylogenetic parsimony assumes transformation of character states, its effective operation breaks down when not all character states are carefully delimited. Examples of resulting meaningless character state transformations are discussed in two categories: 1) when unspecified “absence” states are plesiomorphic; and 2) when unspecified “absence” states are apomorphic (character reversals). To facilitate future progress in metazoan cladistics, the mandatory link between comparative morphology and character coding needs to be reestablished through a more explicit study of morphological variation prior to character coding, and through a more explicitly experimental approach to character coding.
    Keywords: metazoan cladistics ; Metazoa ; character coding ; character state identity ; Boolean logic ; nonadditive binary coding ; absence/presence coding
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Reviews and notices (1977)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.30 (1977) nr.1 p.2856
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK Jr, R.C., A synoptical key to the genera of the Rubiaceae of Thailand. Thai Forest Bull. (Bot.) 9 (1976) 15-55. Key of the bracketed type, often leading to flowers as well as fruits, with built-in descriptions of c. 6-12 lines; diagnostic characters are marked. Number of genera 68, incl. 3 introductions and 5 genera not recorded but possibly occurring in Thailand (mostly dependent on delimitation); Craib in 1932-34 has 71. Schumann’s system of 1891 is largely upheld, although no subdivision is here given, and some surprising changes in delimitation occur (e.g. in Keenania, Mycetia, Myrioneuron), which means that many new combinations must be floating around on herbarium sheets. Caution is in order where e.g. on p. 49 Mitragyna seems to have a new section Paradina with a supposedly basal placenta, or where Gardenia is authorized L. on p. 35 but authorized L. emend. Bakh.f. on p. 32. A comparison with Thonner’s keys reveals that Bakhuizen’s key works slower. His generic descriptions are true ’mines of information’ – mining requires a lot of backtracking before all characters can be compared. Desirable as it would be to extend a work like this to all Malesia, it would be better to abandon the Backer-way of keying, and instead describe all genera clearly, and prepare a multiple key as worked out by Leenhouts. Some synonyms are given (Notodontia yes, Quiducia and Symphyllarion no), nomina conservanda indicated, no references, no species. Several critical notes are added. — C.E. Ridsdale & M.J.
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    Obituaries and biographical notes (1977)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.31 (1977) nr.1 p.2969
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: Portraits of botanists who worked on the Ryukyu Islands, 80 in number, most Japanese, a few Americans, were published in the book by S. Hatusima, Flora of the Ryukyus, p. 56-75 (1971). Baas Becking, L. G. M. A meticulous bibliography, of the former Professor of Experimental Botany at Leiden and later Director of the Bogor Botanic Gardens, was prepared by J. Westenberg, 20 p. (North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1977).
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    New journals (1977)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.30 (1977) nr.1 p.2886
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: Brunonia is the title of a journal that will replace the Contributions from Herbarium Australiense (last no. 17, 1976). Subscriptions Aust. $ 4. annual, Herbarium Australiense, P.O. Box 1600, Canberra City, A.C.T. 2601, Australia. Nature Malaysiana, published quarterly by Tropical Press, 64A Jl. Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, started in July 1976. The price is Mal. $ 2.50 a copy. This first number, size 28 by 20 cm, containing 40 pages of text and some pages of ads, is devoted to ’our natural heritage’. It is full of showy photographs all in colour, with high quality popular texts on snakes, malaria parasites, spiders, wild orchids, mantis, frogs and elephants. Execution is very good. The journal seems aimed at the general educated public, well suited for display in airline offices, dentist’s waiting rooms, the reading table in an embassy, etc. where is surely will make life more pleasant, and set people’s minds in the proper direction.
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    New journals (1977)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.31 (1977) nr.1 p.3087
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: Austrobaileya replaces the Contributions from the Queensland Herbarium, and was devised to accommodate also shorter taxonomic notes. The Contributions amount to 20 numbers, with one article each; a cumulative index of names is in no 20, p. 73-88. In format and execution Austrobaileya resembles its predecessor but the useful page heads should be retained. Volume 1 number 1 (1977) was received in March 1978. It carries 9 papers on 74 pages, and a map with subdivisions of Queensland on the back flap. Frequency and price are unknown. Editor: L. Pedley, Queensland Herbarium, Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld. 4068, Australia. Brunonia replaces Contributions from Herbarium Australiense or rather seems a continuation of it in the same scope under a new name, and paged through per volume. The first issue appeared on 24 February 1978, it has 129 pages, carrying 11 papers. It will be ”issued at irregular intervals”. Subscription is A$ 10 per annum. Editor is B.J. Walby, CSIRO, Box 89, East Melbourne, Vic. 3002, Australia.
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    The Institute of Biological Sciences Herbarium (PBDH), University of the Philippines Los Baños (2002)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.13 (2002) nr.2 p.175
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: With the founding of the Museum of Natural History (MNH) at the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) the former Department of Botany Herbarium (CAHUP) has been transferred to this. This required the establishment of another herbarium to cater to the increasing need by courses in systematics of the undergraduate and graduate programs of the Institute of Biological Sciences (IBS), UPLB. Thus, in 1999, the birth of the IBS Herbarium (PBDH). It is used for six more or less advanced courses in biodiversity, botany, ecology, and systematics. It is also the repository of documentation on the flora of Mt Makiling and vicinity. Mount Makiling is the best scientifically studied mountain of the country, materials dating back to the time of the Malaspina Expedition in 1789. Prominent collectors were W.H. Brown, E.B. Copeland, H. Cuming, A.D.E. Elmer, A. Loher, C.G. Matthews, E.D. Merrill, C. Pickering, and many others. Those after WW II are listed below.
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    The Pretoria method for localizing localities (1977)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.30 (1977) nr.1 p.2845
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: Localizing specimens and mapping localities has always been a tedious and time-consuming task for which much depends on the data mentioned on the labels. It has been found a blessing if collectors mention on labels the latitude and longitude. If this is given in an exact way it comprises degrees and minutes, e.g. 6° 45’ S, 141° 30’ E. If no dot-map is provided this appears to be a slightly clumsy formula in print and the question arises whether such exact figures are really needed. In scanning a geographical map the minutes will hardly mean something unless one uses local small-scale maps, as one minute is only a little more than 2 km in the terrain. In Pretoria only the degrees are given, joined into one figure, preceding the collector / after the locality. This simplification is, I think, practical and useful.
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    Taxonomy, biodiversity and management of knowledge in Asia (2002)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.13 (2002) nr.1 p.48
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: At the Biodiversity 2000 Kuching Conference in November 2000, I put forward the thesis that biodiversity is a knowledge resource, and that Asian societies have an attitude problem with respect to the management of knowledge (Ng, 2001). I offered the following evidence: In AD 304, Chi Han published his famous monograph on the Flora of Southeast Asia (available in English translation by Li, 1979), covering about 80 species of plants from what is now Vietnam and S China. Chi Han covered 18 edible fruits and nuts, 5 useful palms, 3 vegetables, 2 other food crops, 5 spices, 2 masticatory plants, 2 dye plants, 5 fibre plants, 6 perfume plants, 7 drug plants, 11 wood and wood-products plants and 10 ornamental plants. Chi Han’s book became a classic in the Chinese scientific literature.
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    Vegetation types on Mount Akiki, Northern Luzon, Philippines (2002)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.13 (2002) nr.2 p.154
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: Mount Akiki (16° 37’ N, 120° 53’ E, c. 2760 m alt.) is one of the highest mountain peaks in the Cordillera mountain range, Luzon Island, Philippines. It is situated in the municipality of Benguet, north-east of Baguio City (a world famous tourist city in the region) and is north-west of Mt Pulog, Luzon Island’s highest mountain peak and the second in the entire Philippines next to Mt Apo in Mindanao (Schoenig et al., 1975; Buot & Okitsu, 1997a; Buot, 1999). Locally the mountain is known as ‘Pulag’, internationally as ‘Pulog’. Knowledge about the vegetation types on Mt Akiki (similar to that of many of the Philippine mountains), is quite wanting despite its importance in biodiversity studies, zonation and sustainable forest conservation plans, wise utilisation of forest resources, and bioprospecting possibilities (PAWB-DENR, 1998).
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    Reviews (2002)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.13 (2002) nr.2 p.197
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: MOGEA, J.P., D. GANDAWIDJAJA, H. WIRIADINATA, R.E. NASUTION & IRAWATI. 2001. Tumbuhan langka Indonesia (Rare plants of Indonesia). 86 pp, illus. Puslitbang Biologi-LIPI. ISBN 979-579-036-6 (In Bahasa Indonesia). This is an illustrated guide to and descriptions of 40 rare or endangered plants of Indonesia. Not surprisingly several species of Aquilaria, mercilessly sought after for their scented wood (gaharu), are included as well as several species of orchids and Rafflesia, of which habitat destruction is the main threat. This is also true for Amorphophallus titanum which, by the way, has been successfully propagated by seeds in the Leiden Botanical Garden, alongside other species of the genus.
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    A website for all angiosperm families – http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/ (2002)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.13 (2002) nr.2 p.157
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: Currently both those teaching and those learning about phylogenies face a variety of problems. There are several systems to chose from, yet there is no explicitly phylogenetic system (in the sense of recognizing only strictly monophyletic groups) where all those groups are described. Conventional family descriptions are long, and present a formidable challenge to somebody trying to learn about the family. This website attempts to deal with such problems. It is a web-based treatment of all flowering plant families and orders that very largely follows the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) system (APG, 1998, 2002). It contains characterizations of all plant families, some infrafamilial groups, and most of the well-supported nodes above the level of family including those formally recognized as orders. The characterizations consist of hierarchically organized information (see below), and are linked to trees. Associated material consists of a brief discussion of the characters used, indexes of familial and ordinal names, and a bibliography, as well as links to photographs, lists of genera, and other sites.
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    Expeditions and other exploration (1977)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.31 (1977) nr.1 p.2987
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: On 3 September 1977, Dr. H.P. Nooteboom (L) went to Ceylon for 2 months to collect additional material of Symplocaceae for ’A revised Flora of Ceylon’. Although this project was due to end by September 1977, it appeared to have been extended for another year. The genus Symplocos, with about 20 taxa, is found in the wet zone (in the mountains of the central part, in the mossy forest up to 2400 m, descending to sea-level in the everwet primary forest in the SW. part of the island). Some species also occur in the secondary forest in the same region, one species is found in the whole island, in a variety of vegetation types, but mostly in secondary forest and shrubbery. Dr. Nooteboom could collect material of all the taxa, sometimes in many individuals, which revealed the difficult patterns of variability. Besides he made also general collections (Nooteboom 3036—3420). The weather was extremely bad; heavy rains caused inundations and landslides. Therefore the total number of collections was limited. Labelling and distribution is still going on.
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    The Prosea Programme (Plant Resources of South-East Asia) (2002)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.13 (2002) nr.2 p.137
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: On 25 and 26 June 2001 FRIM and PROSEA Country Office Malaysia organised a First National Workshop on Environmental Education (EE) in Forest Recreational Areas. The workshop was attended by 75 participants, most from municipalities and government agencies. The issue is actual because tourism is increasingly shifting towards eco- or nature tourism and Malaysia has a lot to offer in this respect. PROSEA Malaysia could contribute e.g. by institutionalising EE at all levels of education, including teachers training, providing teachers with support material for EE, bringing school and community closer by making them undertake EE activities together and providing basic environmental knowledge to all government agencies, private sectors, general public, and political parties. Mid 2001, Dr. E. Sukara, Deputy for Natural Sciences for Biology LIPI, succeeded Dr. A. Nontji as Chair of PROSEA’S National Steering Committee in Indonesia.
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    Editorial (1977)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.31 (1977) nr.1 p.2965
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: Flora Malesiana series i volume 8 instalment 2, pages 31-300, came from the press in December 1977*. It contains the Ulmaceae by E. Soepadmo: 6 genera, 27 species; the Iridaceae by D.J.L. Geerinck: 6 genera, 7 species; the Cornaceae by K.M. Matthew: 1 genus Mastixia with 10 species; the Onagraceae by P.H. Raven: 2 genera, 14 species; the Bignoniaceae by C.G.G. J. van Steenis: 15 genera, 31 species + in concise treatment 23 ornamental species; the Crypteroniaceae by R.J. van Beusekom-Osinga: 3 genera, 8 species; the Symplocaceae by H.P. Nooteboom: 1 genus Symplocos, 58 species; the Lentibulariaceae by P. Taylor: 1 genus Utricularia, 22 species. Volume 8 instalment 3 is in proof. It contains the Labiatae and Anacardiaceae, as well as some Addenda, the Dedication to F.A.W. Miquel, and the Index, since volume 8 will then be completed.
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    Collaboration of taxonomists and draughtsmen (1977)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.30 (1977) nr.1 p.2846
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: The preparation of botanical drawings is a craft in its own right, and furthermore, draughtsmen are human beings. Even these simple truths are trodden down by the taxonomist who during a final hour hands the draughtsman a bundle of specimens and some hasty indications. Naturally the result is anguish and confusion. Let us therefore add some observations to improve the situation. First: a botanical artist looks at plants with a different eye from the taxonomist – that’s why he is an artist and not a scientist. Fortunately, some overlap exists, where the two can meet.
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    WWF Kikori Catchment Developmental Project, Papua New Guinea orchid survey (2002)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.13 (2002) nr.1 p.56
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: The World Wildlife Fund (Kikori Catchment Developmental Project, Papua New Guinea) has commenced field surveys of the Orchidaceae in the Lake Kutabu and Mt Bosavi areas of Papua New Guinea. The main purpose of the survey is to get a more accurate assessment of the orchids in the region. In a previous survey based on data collected along transects within the region, the total orchid flora appeared to have been underestimated due to a lack of knowledge in the recognition and identification of these plants. A major component of the project therefore was to work jointly with two national botanists, L. Balun, Senior Lecturer, Bulolo University College, and O. Jebia, WWF Botanist, and train them to recognise and identify the orchids encountered in the field. The survey area is biologically rich with diverse tropical rain forest at 800-1400 m altitude on the Papuan fold belt geological region on the southern slopes of the Southern Highlands. Currently it is an area of major economic significance to Papua New Guinea containing major oil and natural gas fields. Much of the forest within the region is in a pristine state with minimal clearing and agriculture evident. The ease of access to various habitats within the region either by road, boat, or air, makes it an ideal situation to conduct research to assess biodiversity in this part of Papua New Guinea.
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    Bibliography (1977)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.30 (1977) nr.1 p.2887
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: The entries have been split into five categories: a) Algae – b) Fungi & Lichens — c) Bryophytes — d) Pteridophytes — e) Spermatophytes & General subjects. — Books have been marked with an asterisk.
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  • 47
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    Personal news (1977)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.30 (1977) nr.1 p.2742
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: Dr. J.A.R. Anderson, former conservator of Forests, Kuching, now consultant forester and ecologist, new address: 30 Greenhill Gardens, Edinburgh EH10 4BP, U.K. His Far East address: c/o Room 432, 4th floor, Katong Shopping Centre, Singapore 15. Dr. P.S. Ashton of Aberdeen spent months in Kuala Lumpur, during the second half of 1975, principally to teach economic and forest botany at the University of Malaya.
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    Bibliography (2002)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.13 (2002) nr.1 p.70
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: Arts, T. 2001. A revision of Splachnobryaceae (Musci). Lindbergia 26: 77-96, illus. — 2 gen (1 new), 10 spp (1), 6 Malesian; key; synonymy, descriptions, notes. AWASTHI, U.S., S.C. SRIVASTAVA & D. SHARMA. 2000 (‘1999’). Lopholejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. in India. Geophytol. 29: 35-60, illus. — 12 taxa, 4 new; key; synonymy, descriptions, notes.
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    Diderma cristatosporum, a nivicolous myxomycete from Spain (2002)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-5850) vol.17 (2002) nr.4 p.643
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: A new species of nivicolous myxomycetes, Diderma cristatosporum is described from Spain and compared with the type of D. subdictyospermum. LM and SEM photographs of the microscopical characters are provided.
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    Twee nieuwe Rubus-ondersoorten (1977)
    In:  Gorteria : tijdschrift voor de floristiek, de plantenoecologie en het vegetatie-onderzoek van Nederland (0017-2294) vol.8 (1977) nr.7 p.124
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-11
    Description: The author describes two new subspecies of Rubus, viz. R. schlechtendalii subsp. subcentreuropus Beek and R. glandulosus subsp. picearum Beek.
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    Excursieverslagen van FLORON-kampen in 2001 (2002)
    In:  Gorteria : tijdschrift voor de floristiek, de plantenoecologie en het vegetatie-onderzoek van Nederland (0017-2294) vol.28 (2002) nr.2/3 p.52
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: Mede dankzij de gebiedsdekkende inventarisatie door de provincie Zeeland in de jaren zeventig en tachtig zijn er omtrent de Zeeuwse flora in de loop der jaren al veel gegevens op papier gezet. Nu, zo’n twintig jaar later, beginnen deze gegevens aardig gedateerd te raken. Bovendien zijn er ondanks het vlakdekkende werk toch nog redelijk wat ‘witte gebieden’ op de kaart. Reden genoeg om tussen 2001 en 2004 vier speciale inventarisatiekampen te organiseren. Het eerste kamp dat afgelopen jaar vanuit Veere plaatsvond was een succes dankzij een aantrekkelijk programma met goede hokken naast saaie hokken, een uitstekende overnachtingslocatie, goed weer met tot slot een typisch Zeeuwse bui met zware luchten boven de Oosterschelde en bovendien een opkomst 43 floristen van binnen en buiten Zeeland. Niet onbelangrijk te melden dat zowel de provincie Zeeland, het Zeeuwse Landschap, Staatsbosbeheer en Natuurmonumenten dit initiatief financieel ondersteunden. De inventarisaties vonden plaats op Walcheren en Noord- en Zuid-Beveland. In totaal werden 47 kilometerhokken geheel of gedeeltelijk onderzocht. Tevens werden van 14 hokken LMF-formulieren ingevuld. Dit alles was goed voor 5.512 waarnemingen betreffende 541 soorten, waarvan 47 Rode-Lijstsoorten. Het LMFproject maakte op een nogal schokkende manier duidelijk hoezeer de plantengroei in relatief korte tijd kan veranderen. In de periode van 1976 tot en met 1997 werden volgens FlorBase in de geselecteerde kilometerhokken 162 waarnemingen van bijzondere plantensoorten genoteerd. Tijdens het FLORON-inventarisatiekamp werden daarvan slechts 55 groeiplaatsen met zekerheid teruggevonden. Dit is niet meer dan 33,5%. Van de 66 soorten werden er slechts 25 teruggevonden (37%). Naar zeldzaamheden als Rozenkransje ( Antennaria dioica), Wollige distel ( Cirsium eriophorum) Akkerdoornzaad ( Torilis arvensis), Bergnachtorchis ( Platanthera chlorantha) en Grote leeuwenklauw ( Aphanes arvensis) werd tevergeefs gezocht. Overigens werden de laatste twee wel op andere plaatsen gezien. Zeer opvallend is dat de voor Zeeland relatief algemene soorten als Gewone agrimonie ( Agrimonia eupatoria), Rode ogentroost (Odontites vernus susp. serotinus), Wilde marjolein ( Origanum vulgare), Dubbelkelk ( Picris echioides) en IJzerhard (Verbena officinalis) binnen de LMF-hokken niet werden teruggevonden.
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    A new species of Mamordica (Cucurbitaceae) from West Africa (2002)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.47 (2002) nr.2 p.343
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: A new Momordica species from Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana is described.
    Keywords: Cucurbitaceae ; Momordica ; Côte d’Ivoire ; Ghana ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 53
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    Reviews (2002)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.47 (2002) nr.1 p.148
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: This volume on medicinal and poisonous plants treats lesser known species. In the brief introduction to the book it is explained that the choice of taxa to be included is a bit arbitrary and mostly based on the amount of information available. For the species treated in vol. 12(1) more information is available than for those treated in vol. 12 (2). However, the book discusses many taxa with surprisingly detailed information, maybe the truly lesser known species are saved for vol. 12 (3). Many of the taxa treated are not originally found in South-East Asia, but are locally or widely cultivated in the area. For general information on medicinal and poisonous plants the reader is referred to vol. 12 (1). As usual for the PROSEA volumes, also this one is produced along the well-known PROSEA standards.
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  • 54
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    Review (2002)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.47 (2002) nr.2 p.340
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: This is a well-illustrated text book for students of the Open University, comprising six chapters: 1. Plant evolution and structure; 2. Photosynthesis; 3. Water and transport in plants; 4. Plant mineral nutrition; 5. Plant growth and development; 6. Interactions between seed plants and microbes. I cannot really judge the quality of the latter five chapters, although the last chapter (6) and especially the treatment of the plant-fungus relation seem quite fine to me. I feel more capable of evaluating the first chapter (1) on evolution and structure. And, I must say that I am a bit critical on this one. It is always difficult to find an optimum between completeness on the one hand and a good focus on brief treatments of essential items on the other. However, in this case I see too many omissions. No treatment of evolution can be given without presenting a skeleton phylogeny with presumed apomorphies indicated. A phylogenetic tree as presented in fig. 1.3 does not give clues, not to mention possible criticism on e.g. the implied monophyly of the hepatics, hornworts and bryophytes. The book not only focuses on plants (embryophytes), it is restricted to it. Not dealing with its sistergroup and further outgroups, in my view, severely hampers a proper understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of plants. A last omission to be mentioned is that none of the gymnosperm groups have been treated, which again hampers proper understanding of seeds and seed plants and places the discussion on the success of flowering plants in a kind of vacuum. There are enough examples of recent text books on plants, botany or biology showing that with only a few pages more, a much better view on the evolution of plant diversity can be presented. This, in my view, will be of great benefit for especially those students who are mainly interested in the last five, more physiologically oriented chapters.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 55
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    Novitates Gabonensis 44. Uvaria annickiae, a name for a rare Uvaria species (Annonaceae) from Gabon (2002)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.47 (2002) nr.2 p.341
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: A new species of Uvaria from Gabon is described.
    Keywords: Annonaceae ; Uvaria ; Gabon ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 56
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    Pacific capsular Myrtaceae 12. Tristania (New Caledonia) (1977)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.23 (1977) nr.2 p.337
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Tristania R. Brown, Aiton’s Hortus Kewensis (2nd Ed.) 4 (1812) 417, was established with three species — T. neriifolia, T. laurina, and T. conferta. A number of other species have since been added to the genus and a recent study (Wilson, 1971) has shown that the three original species belong to three different groups and further that these groups are sufficiently different to warrant their separation at the generic level. All of the New Caledonian species belong to the Tristania laurina group. It has not yet been decided which of the groups should retain the original generic name, but if the T. laurina group is not selected the name Tristaniopsis Brongniart et Gris, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 10 (1863) 371, would become available for it. Six species are currently recognised in New Caledonia where they mostly grow at low elevations in scrub and forest on ultrabasic rocks. Species of the same group are found in Australia, New Guinea, Borneo, and probably elsewhere in Malesia.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 57
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    Pollenmorphology of the genus Mischocarpus (Sapindaceae) (1977)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.23 (1977) nr.2 p.301
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: The pollen morphology of all 11 species of the genus Mischocarpus is studied. All species possess basically the same syntricolpate pollen type. Transitions to the tricolpate type were observed rarely. Within the syntricolpate type, subtypes could be established. For a few species a rather wide range of variability in some characters is described. Pollen morphology correlates with macromorphology as well as with geography, thus supporting the results, based on macromorphological evidence, concerning infrageneric structure and relationships of Mischocarpus.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 58
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    In Memoriam professor H. J. Lam (1977)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.23 (1977) nr.2 p.203
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: At the age of 85, Herman Johannes Lam died at his house on the 15th of February, 1977. From 1933 to 1962 he was director of the Rijksherbarium and although the day of his retirement lies some 15 years behind us now, he is still remembered in our institute for his pleasant personal qualities. The Rijksherbarium as it is today we owe for a large part to his vision and work during the 29 years of his directorate. He broadened the basis of the institute’s research but kept intact its specialization; he succeeded in obtaining valuable collections; he started a programme of botanical expeditions; he provided a home for the Flora Malesiana, to mention some of his accomplishments. When he came to Leiden after a 14 years’ career in the Herbarium at Buitenzorg (now Bogor, Indonesia) he found a small and rather sleepy institute. Through the years of poverty before and during the war, and through the years of prosperity afterwards, he transformed this into a large herbarium which was (and still is, I hope) very much alive and active in many fields.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 59
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    Revision of Coelogyne section Moniliformes (Orchidaceae) based on morphology, plastid and nrDNA ITS sequences (2002)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.47 (2002) nr.3 p.409
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Section Moniliformes Carr of the orchid genus Coelogyne is revised using morphological and molecular data. Twelve species are recognised, including two new ones (C. chanii and C. renae). and a dubious one (C. crassiloba). A combined analysis of morphological characters, and sequences of the nrDNA ITS region, matK gene, trnT-trnL intergenic spacer, trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer supports the monophyly of the section as here recognised. Persistence of the rhizome scales, shape of the margin of the leaves, inflorescence type, shape of the rachis, its nodes and pedicel scars, indument of the floral bracts, lip size and depth of the sinus of the lateral lobes of the hypochile seem to be phylogenetically informative characters. Shape of the leaf blade, flowering mode, shape of the base and keels of the hypochile, shape of the apex of the lateral lobes and keels of the epichile and shape of the column show many parallelisms.
    Keywords: Coelogyne ; section ; Moniliformes ; matK ; nrDNA ITS ; phylogeny ; trnT-trnF
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 60
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    Book notices (2002)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.47 (2002) nr.2 p.384
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: A full review of books announced in this section may be published in Blumea at a later date.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 61
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    A new species of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) from Thailand (2002)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.47 (2002) nr.3 p.541
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: A new species of Magnolia, M. thailandica is described from Thailand.
    Keywords: Magnolia ; Thailand
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 62
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    New species of Ardisia (Myrsinaceae) from Malesia (2002)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.47 (2002) nr.3 p.493
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Twenty-seven new species, one new subspecies and five new varieties of Ardisia are described from the Flora Malesian region.
    Keywords: Ardisia ; Malesia ; new taxa
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 63
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    A world check-list of the Ctenophorinae (Diptera, Tipulidae) (1977)
    In:  Verslagen en Technische Gegevens (0928-2386) vol.14 (1977) nr.1 p.1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: A list of the species and subspecies, including synonyms, of the tipulid subfamily Ctenophorinae is provided. References to the literature are nearly complete. The distribution of the species is indicated by abbreviations and figures referring to the geographic regions and subregions. A survey of the distribution of the 5 genera is given separately.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 64
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    The tree-climbing crabs of Trinidad (1977)
    In:  Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands (0166-5189) vol.54 (1977) nr.1 p.25
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: An annotated list of the brachyuran (12) and anomuran (1) tree-climbing crabs of Trinidad (West Indies) is presented (see Table 1 for species names). Some of the species mentioned (e.g. Aratus pisonii, Goniopsis cruentata) are well-known treeclimbers, in others (e.g. Sesarma roberti, S. ricordi) this peculiar behaviour is recorded for the first time. Some data on the diet and the locomotion of climbing Grapsidae are given. Aratus was found to feed mainly on algae and decayed wood, not on mangrove leaves. A synopsis of pertinent data from literature (Table 2) yielded 30 further species names of tree-climbing crabs. Like in Trinidad, most of these belong to systematic groups comprising many or only semiterrestrial species. The trees ascended are mangroves in about half of all cases. Motives, grades, phyletic routes, predispositions and consequences of the habit of tree-climbing are discussed.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 65
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    Further studies on Caribbean tenebrionid beetles (1977)
    In:  Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands (0166-5189) vol.52 (1977) nr.1 p.1
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: The study of some newly collected material from the West Indies may justify a fourth paper on Caribbean Tenebrionidae in these “Studies”. Thanks to dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK’S collecting work, the Tenebrionid fauna of the Antilles and the adjacent South American mainland shores may be considered to be pretty well known — at least as far as the Melasomes are concerned. Thus zoogeographical conclusions — though not differing essentially from those published in 1962 — appear to have a rather solid basis. Unfortunately much less is known about planticolous Tenebrionids, which anyhow are relatively less interesting for zoogeographical purposes, than the geophilous ones. We also had the privilege of consulting the collections of the I.N.R.A. at Guadeloupe (see MARCUZZI & D’AGUILAR 1971) which considerably increased our knowledge of the Tenebrionid fauna of that and neighbouring islands. Several specimens on hand at the Institute of Marine Biology, Mayagüez, proved extremely useful for obtaining a better knowledge of the Tenebrionid fauna of the old, sedimentary island of Puerto Rico. In a few single cases material from other sources (British Museum, Museum G. Frey and the private collection of the author) has been used.
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  • 66
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    Marine localities (1977)
    In:  Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands (0166-5189) vol.51 (1977) nr.1 p.1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Some twenty-five years have passed since short descriptions were published of marine and saltpond habitats sampled in the Caribbean during three zoological collecting trips made by the author in 1930, 1936/37 and 1948/49 (these Studies, vol. 4, no. 17, 1953). Sampling of the shallow coastal waters of the Caribbean was continued in 1955, 1963/64, 1967, 1968, 1970 and 1973, during six visits the main purpose of which was not always the study of the marine fauna. Although collecting was done single-handed and rather incidentally, with no other equipment than a knife, fine-meshed nets, formaldehyde and alcohol, the material collected proved to be sufficiently valuable for scientific purposes to justify the publication of a list of the new marine localities. In this paper the descriptions of the “Marine Habitats”, published in 1953 (p. 56-58) are included, but those of the “Salt Pond Habitats” (p. 69-77) are only referred to.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 67
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    Microparasellidae (Isopoda, Asellota) from Bonaire (1977)
    In:  Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands (0166-5189) vol.51 (1977) nr.1 p.69
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: During a study still in progress on the fauna of phreatic waters of various West Indian islands, a number of isopods of the family Microparasellidae were obtained. Although material from some 20 Caribbean islands was examined, only the island of Bonaire yielded microparasellid isopods so far. These animals are described in the present paper. Up to now, the only other West Indian records for the family are those of COINEAU & BOTOSANEANU, 1973, from Cuba. The methods employed are the same as in my previous study (STOCK, 1976a) on the Antillean Thermosbaenacea. All chlorinities have been determined with the aid of an E.E.L. electric chlorinimeter.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 68
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    Notes on the birds of St. Martin, Saba and St. Eustatius (1977)
    In:  Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands (0166-5189) vol.54 (1977) nr.1 p.60
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: In 1973, 1974 and 1975 I visited St. Maarten, Netherlands Antilles. During these visits I spent much time observing birds on this island, while short excursions were also made to the neighbouring islands Saba and St. Eustatius. The periods of our visits were: ST. MARTIN: 7-19 April, 30 April-3 May and 11-19 May 1973, 1-7 and 16-27 February, 2-11 and 18-31 December 1974, 6-13 January 1975. SABA: 4-8 May 1973. ST. EUSTATIUS: 8-10 May 1973, 8-15 February and 12-17 December 1974.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 69
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    The Amphibia of Trinidad An addendum (1977)
    In:  Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands (0166-5189) vol.51 (1977) nr.1 p.92
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Since publication of “The Amphibia of Trinidad” (KENNY 1969) some minor errors have been drawn to the attention of the author. Also, it has been possible to do some additional field observations which have resulted in a new record for Trinidad and the extension of the distribution of two species. This short paper summarises this new information.
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    Effects of solar radiation on growth and mycosporine-like amino acids content in Thalassiosira sp, an Antarctic diatom (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Polar Biology:, 25, pp. 12-20
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Wind triggered events of phytoplankton downward flux in the Northeast Water Polynya (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Marine Systems, 31(4), pp. 261-278
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    A 3-D mesoscale map of primary production at the Antarctic Polar Front: results of a diagnostic model (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Deep-Sea Research II, 49(18), pp. 3813-3834, ISBN: 0967-0645
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Abstract - A diagnostic model is established to estimate synoptically the mesoscale distribution of primaryproduction at the Antarctic Polar Front (APF). The model domain is a three-dimensional box, centered at roughly50° S and 10° E, of about 1° latitude and 2° longitude horizontal extent, and of 300 m depth. The box wassurveyed in high resolution during austral summer 1995/1996 with a towed undulating vehicle and bycomplementary ship based measurements. Measurements of global solar radiation, of the underwater light field,and of the chlorophyll concentration from the survey are used as input variables for the model. The model isbased on photosynthesis-light relationships, with parameters taken from in vitro incubations performed duringthe survey. The model results show mesoscale patches of elevated primary production along a meander of theAPF, and lowest production in a cold cyclonic eddy south of the front. Production is confined to a shallower depthrange in the front than outside, due to self-shading effects from generally higher mixed-layer chlorophyllconcentrations. Self-shading effects account for variations of the percent light depths, and of the saturation lightdepth, by a factor of two within the survey area. Primary production at the surface varies horizontally between 7and 56 mg C m-3 d-1 with a mean of 26 mg C m-3 d-1, and vertically integrated production ranges from 295 to975 mg C m-2 d-1, with an areal mean of 585 mg C m-2 d-1. Changes by a factor of two in integrated productionoccur on horizontal scales as small as 10 km. Production rates also differ significantly between days as a resultof changes in global solar radiation.
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  • 73
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    Remote-sensing systems and seabirds: their use, abuse and potential for measuring marine environmental variables (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Marine Ecology Progress Series, 228, pp. 241-261
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: We examined how seabirds might be used to study marine environmental variables, which necessitates knowing location and the value of the variable to be studied. Five systems can potentially be used for determination of location: VHF (Very High Frequency) telemetry, PTT (Platform Terminal Transmitter) telemetry, GLS (Global Location Service) geolocation methods, dead reckoning and GPS (Global Positioning System), each with its own advantages with respect to accuracy, potential number of fixes and size. Temperature and light were used to illustrate potential difficulties in recording environmental variables. Systems currently used on seabirds for measurement of temperature respond slowly to environmental changes; thus, they may not measure sea surface temperature adequately when contact periods with water bodies are too short. Light can be easily measured for light extinction studies, but sensor orientation plays a large role in determining recorded values. Both problems can be corrected. The foraging behaviour of seabirds was also examined in order to identify those features which would be useful for determination of marine environmental variables at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Area coverage by birds is highly dependent on breeding phase and tends to be concentrated in areas where prey acquisition is particularly enhanced. The identification of these sites may be of particular interest to marine biologists. Plungers and divers are potentially most useful for assessment of variables deeper within the water column, with some divers spending up to 90% of their time sub-surface. Few seabirds exploit the water column deeper than 20 m, although some divers regularly exceed 50 m (primarily penguins and auks), while 2 species dive in excess of 300 m. The wide-ranging behaviour of seabirds coupled, in many instances, with their substantial body size makes them potentially excellent carriers of sophisticated environmental measuring technology; however, the ethical question of how much the well-being of birds can, and should, be compromised by such an approach needs to be carefully considered.
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    Sedimentary record of the mid-Pleistocene climate transition in the southeastern South Atlantic (ODP Site 1090) (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 182(3), pp. 241-258
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    Publication Date: 2018-08-10
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    Atmospheric drag coefficients over sea ice - validation of a parameterisation concept (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Tellus 54A(2), pp. 205-219, ISSN: 0280-6495
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    Publication Date: 2017-10-20
    Description: The concept of drag partioning to parameterise the surface roughnessof sea ice is validated using topography data of regions with high sea iceconcentrations. The parameterised drag is compared to measurementsobtained by aircraft and ship. The form drag can well be expressed asa function of mean rigde heights and spacings averaged over flightlegs of at least 12, if an improved approximation for the coefficient ofresistance of a single ridge is used. We find a good agreement between theparameterised and observed drag coefficients. The highest sea iceroughness was encountered close to coastal regions and the lowest in thecentral Arctic.
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  • 76
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    Chemical depletion of Arctic ozone in winter 1999/2000 (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical ResearchD20), 107, 8276 p.
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Large losses of Arctic ozone occur during winters with cold, stable stratospheric circulations that result in the extensive occurrence of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). Reactions on the surface of PSCs lead to elevated abundances of chlorine monoxide (ClO) that, in the presence of sunlight, destroys ozone. Here we show that PSCs were more widespread during the 1999/2000 Arctic winter than for any other winter in the past two decades. We have used three fundamentally different approaches to derive the degree of chemical ozone loss from ozone sonde, balloon, aircraft and satelite instruments. We show that the ozone losses derived from these different instruments and approaches agree very well, resulting in a high level of confidence in the results. Chemical processes led to a 70% reduction of ozone for a ~1 km thick region of the lower stratosphere, the largest degree of local loss ever reported for the Arctic. The chemical loss of ozone in the total column amounted to about 100 DU by the end of the winter. This total column loss was balanced by transport, resulting in relatively constant total ozone between early January and late March, which is in contrast to the climatological increase of the total ozone column during this period, that is observed during most years.
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    The occurrence of faecal material in relation to different pelagic systems in the Southern Ocean and its importance for vertical flux (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Deep-Sea Research II, 49(16), pp. 3229-3242
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Abstract:During the SO-JGOFS-Polarstern-cruise in Oct/Nov 1992, faecal pellet abundance and distribution were determined in order to assess the impact of zooplankton grazing and defecation within the following three typical Antarctic plankton regimes in the Atlantic sector: the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ), the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the Polar Frontal region (PFr). In contrast to the more southern regions, the PFr was characterised by the occurrence of relatively dense phyto-plankton blooms and high copepod concentrations. Faecal pellets were relatively abundant in the MIZ reaching up to 〉 105 µg faecal pellet carbon (FPC) m-3, whereas the values in the more northern regions were about one to two orders of magnitude lower: about 6 µg FPC m-3 in the southern ACC and less than 1 µm FPC m-3 in the PFr. Thus, the region with the highest phyto- and zooplankton concentrations showed by far the lowest faecal pellet standing stock concentrations. These results were compared to other regions in the Southern Ocean and to other regions in the world oceans and possible reasons for this situation and the potential ecological impact are discussed. Our investigations show, that not only the biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton, but also mainly the structures of the plankton communities are decisive for sedimentation potentials of carbon and silica via faecal pellets in the different regions of the ocean.
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    Impact of the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) mission on ocean circulation estimates 2. Volume and heat transports across hydrographic sections of unequally spaced stations. (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research, 107 (C2), doi: 10.1029/2000JC000647, ISSN: 0148-0227
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Accurate geoids are expected to improve our knowlegde of the dynamicsea surface height (SSH) as a mirror of the dynamic state of theoceans. The dedicated geoid mission GOCE is expected to be lauched in 2004.It will lead to a highly accurate geoid model with a resolution of degreeand order 200. We examine the impact of this missionon the assessment of large scale oceanic mass and heat transports via itsexpected error characteristics. We do so applying a linear box inversemodel and a non-linear section inverse model to hydrographic data andto (synthetic) sea surface height data. The results are compared tothose obtained when substituting the error estimates of the GRACEmission and the present day geoid EGM96.For the box inverse model, we find an average reduction in transportuncertainties in Experiment A (which includes model error at the levelof sea surface height variability) of about 9 % for GRACE geoid errorcovariances and about 17 % for GOCE over the ``hydrography only'' solution.In both GRACE and GOCE these average percentage improvements aresignificantly increased when the SSH variability signal is excluded(Experiment B) to 42 % for GRACE and 47 % for GOCE. We expect a greaterimprovement in the accuracy of ocean transports from GOCE when WOCEhydrographic data are used to enclose numerous, smaller box regions.The apriori assumptions of the non-linear model about the oceancirculation are much more conservative than for the box model. As aconsequence, the uncertainties of large scale transports are much biggerthan for the linear model. On the other hand, since this model buildson small scale balances, it can resolve small scale features of theflow field better. SSH data with GRACE geoid error covariances reducethe uncertainties on the average by 29 %, with GOCE geoid errorcovariances by 37 %. Exclusion of the SSH variability changes(Experiment B) these numbers by less than 5 % points.Summarizing our results and those of Part I, III and IV of this studywe conclude that the GRACE mission reduces the marine geoid uncertaintiessuch that altimetry becomes useful for the study of the steady stateocean circulation.The GOCE mission will improve the accuracy of the circulation estimates evenfurther on the large scales and introduce higher accuracy on shorterwavelenths as well.Furthermore, it will enable us to study individual ocean currents.
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    Carbon export fluxes in the Southern Ocean: results from inverse modeling and comparison with satellite based estimates (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Deep-sea research ii, 49, pp. 1623-1644
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: The usage of dissolved nutrients and carbon for photosynthesis in the euphotic zone and the subsequent downward transport of particulate and dissolved organic material strongly affect the carbon concentrations in surface water and thus the air-sea exchange of CO2. Efforts to quantify the downward carbon flux for the whole ocean or on basin-scales are hampered by the sparseness of direct productivity or flux measurements. Here, a global ocean circulation, biogeochemical model is used to determine rates of export production and vertical carbon fluxes in the Southern Ocean. The model exploits the existing large sets of hydrographic, oxygen, nutrient and carbon data, that contain information on the underlying biogeochemical processes. The model is fitted to the data by systematically varying circulation, air-sea fluxes, production and remineralization rates simultaneously. Use of the adjoint method yields model property simulations that are in very good agreement with measurements.In the model, the total integrated export flux of particulate organic matter (POC) necessary for the realistic reproduction of nutrient data is significantly larger than export estimates derived from primary productivity maps. Of the about 10,000~\TgC\ (10~\GtC )required globally, the Southern Ocean south of 30\degree S contributes about 3000~\TgC\ (33\%), most of which is occurring in a zonal belt along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and in the Peru, Chile and Namibia coastal upwelling regions. The export flux of POC for the area south of 50\degree S amounts to 1100$\pm$200~\TgC\ and the particle flux in 1000~m for the same area is 120$\pm$20~\TgC . Unlike for the global ocean, the contribution of the downward flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is significant in the Southern Ocean. Comparison with satellite based productivity estimates (CZCS and SeaWiFS) show a relatively good agreement over most of the ocean except for the Southern Ocean, where the model fluxes are systematically higher than the satellite based values by factors between two and five. This discrepancy is significant, and an attempt to reconcile the low satellite-derived productivity values with ocean-interior nutrient budgets failed. Too low productivity estimates from satellite chlorophyll observations in the Southern Ocean could arise because of the inability of the satellite sensors to detect frequently occurring sub-surface chlorophyll patches, and to a poor calibration of the conversion algorithms in the Southern Ocean because of the very limited amount of direct measurements.
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    Molecular tools in the study of marine microbial diversity (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Biotechnology, Doelle, H.W. [Ed.],in: Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford, UK, [http://www.eolss.net]
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Marine organisms are the major, sustaining components of ecosystem processes and are responsible forbiogeochemical reactions that drive our climate changes. Despite this, many marine organisms are poorlydescribed and little is known of broad spatial and temporal scale trends in their abundance and distribution.With new molecular and analytical techniques we can advance our knowledge of marine biodiversity at thespecies level to understand how marine biodiversity supports ecosystem structure, dynamics and resilience.We can then interpret environmental, ecological and evolutionary processes controlling and structuring marineecosystem biodiversity. With better analytical methods available, we can augment our understanding ofbiodiversity and ecosystem dynamics in especially the pico- and nano fractions of the plankton as well as in thedeep sea benthos , both of which are very difficult to study. We have provided examples of new and long standingmolecular tools for researchers in marine ecosystems to enable them to provide better, faster and more accurateestimates of marine biodiversity in the community using tools at the forefront of molecular research.
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    POAM III observations of Arctic ozone loss for the 1999/2000 winter (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research, 107(D20), 8262
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: During the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III Ozone Loss and ValidationExperiment (SOLVE)/Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO) campaign,Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III sampled in the vortex core, on the vortexedge, and outside the vortex on a near-daily basis from December 1999 through mid-March 2000.During this period, POAM observed a substantial amount of ozone decline. For example, ozonemixing ratios in the core of the vortex dropped from about 3.5 ppmv in mid-January to about 2ppmv by mid-March at 500 K. The ozone chemical loss indicated by these measurements isassessed using two methodologies. First, the POAM data is used to construct vortex-averagedozone profiles, which are advected downward using vortex average descent rates. The maximumozone loss (1 January to 15 March) is found to be about 1.8 ppmv. In a second approach, theREPROBUS 3-D CTM is used to specify the passive ozone distribution throughout the winter. Thechemical loss in the vortex is estimated by performing a point-by-point subtraction of the POAMmeasurements inside the vortex from the model passive ozone evaluated at the time and locationof the POAM measurements. Both ozone loss estimates are in general agreement and they agreewell with published loss estimates from ER2 and ozonesonde measurements.
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    Comparison of empirically derived ozone loss rates in the Arctic vortex (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research, 107(D20), 8264
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: A number of studies have reported empirical estimates of ozone loss in the Arctic vortex.They have used satellite and in situ measurements and have principally covered the Arcticwinters in the 1990s. While there is qualitative consistency between the patterns of ozone loss, aquantitative comparison of the published values shows apparent disagreements. In this paper weexamine these disagreements in more detail. We choose to concentrate on the five maintechniques (Match, Système d'Analyse par Observation Zénithale (SAOZ)/REPROBUS,Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), vortex average descent, and the Halogen OccultationExperiment (HALOE) ozone tracer approach). Estimates of the ozone losses in three winters(1994/1995, 1995/1996 and 1996/1997) are recalculated so that the same time periods, altituderanges, and definitions of the Arctic vortex are used. This recalculation reveals a remarkably goodagreement between the various estimates. For example, a superficial comparison of results fromMatch and from MLS indicates a big discrepancy (2.0 ± 0.3 and 0.85 ppmv, respectively, for airending at ~460 K in March 1995). However, the more precise comparisons presented here revealgood agreement for the individual MLS periods (0.5 ± 0.1 versus 0.5 ppmv; 0.4 ± 0.2 versus0.3-0.4 ppmv; and 0.16 ± 0.09 ppmv versus no significant loss). Initial comparisons of the columnlosses derived for 1999/2000 also show good agreement with four techniques, giving 105 DU(SAOZ/REPROBUS), 80 DU (380-700 K partial column from Polar Ozone and Aerosol Monitoring(POAM)/REPROBUS), 85 ± 10 DU (HALOE ozone tracer), and 88 ± 13 (400-580 partial columnfrom Match). There are some remaining discrepancies with ozone losses calculated using HALOEozone tracer relations; it is important to ensure that the initial relation is truly representative of thevortex prior to the period of ozone loss.
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    Chemical loss of ozone during the Arctic winter of 1999/2000: An analysis based on balloon-borne observations (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical ResearchD20), 107, 8269 p.
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Simultaneous balloon-borne observations of ozone (O3) and nitrous oxide (N2O), a long-livedtracer of dynamical motion, are used to quantify the chemical loss of ozone in the Arctic vortexduring the winter of 1999/2000. Chemical loss of ozone occurred between altitudes of about 14 and22 km (pressures from ~120 to 30 mbar) and resulted in a 61 ± 13 Dobson unit reduction in totalcolumn ozone between late November 1999 and 5 March 2000 (the date of the last balloon-bornemeasurement considered here). This loss estimate is valid for the core of the vortex during the timeperiod covered by the observations. It is shown that the observed changes in the O3 versus N2Orelation were almost entirely due to chemistry and could not have been caused by dynamics. Thechemical loss of column ozone inferred from the balloon-borne measurements using the "ozoneversus tracer" technique is shown to compare well with estimates of chemical loss found usingboth the Match technique (as applied to independent ozonesonde data) and the "vortex-averageddescent" technique (as applied to Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III satellitemeasurements of ozone). This comparison establishes the validity of each approach for estimatingchemical loss of column ozone for the Arctic winter of 1999/2000.
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    Feeding rates and selectivity among nauplii, copepodites and adult females of Calanus finmarchicus, and Calanus helgolandicus (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Helgoland Marine Research, 56, pp. 169-176
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
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    Annual export production in the interior Weddell Gyre estimated from a chemical mass balance of nutrients (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Deep-sea research II, 49, pp. 1675-1689, ISSN: 0967-0645
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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  • 86
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    Miocene diatom biostratigraphy at ODP Sites 689, 690, 1088, 1092 (Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean) (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Marine Micropaleontology, 45(3), pp. 309-356
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: AbstractFour ODP sites located between 64°S and 41°S in the eastern Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean were investigated to refine the Miocene diatom biostratigraphic zonation tied to the geomagnetic chronology. The Miocene diatom stratigraphy from two sites located on Maud Rise (ODP Leg 113) is revised considering the progress in diatom biostratigraphic research, diatom taxonomy and magnetostratigraphic age assignment during the past 10 years. A new diatom zonation was erected for Site 1092 (ODP Leg 177) located on Meteor Rise integrating a magnetostratigraphic interpretation of the shipboard data. This zonation was also applied to Site 1088 (ODP Leg 177) located on Astrid Ridge. The study is focused to Middle and Upper Miocene sequences. It reveals latitudinal differentiations in stratigraphic species ranges and species occurrence pattern that are related to latitudinal differences in surface water masses reflecting the climatic development of the Antarctic cryosphere. Considering the latitudinal differences two stratigraphic zonations are proposed that are applicable to the northern and southern zone of the Southern Ocean, respectively. The southern Southern Ocean Miocene diatom biostratigraphic zonation consists of 16 zones in which 11 represent new or modified zones. The northern biostratigraphic zonation contains 10 diatom zones allowing a stratigraphic resolution in the range of 0.2 to 2 m.y. This paper also includes the taxonomic transfer of seven Miocene diatom taxa from genus Nitzschia Hassal to Fragilariopsis Hustedt.
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    Wavelength-dependent induction of UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids in the red alga Chondrus crispus under natural solar radiation (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 268, pp. 69-82, ISSN: 0022-0981
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Polychromatic response spectra for the induction of UV absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) were calculated after exposing small thalli of the red alga Chondrus crispus under various cut-off-filters to natural solar radiation on the North Sea island Helgoland, Germany. The laboratory grown specimens, typically contain only traces of palythine and synthesise five different MAAs rapidly and in high concentrations after being transplanted into shallow water. The resulting qualitative and quantitative patterns of MAA induction differed markedly with respect to spectral distribution. Furthermore, the wavebands effective for MAA induction vary within the MAA. UV-B radiation had a negative effect on the accumulation of the major MAAs shinorine (lmax = 334 nm) and palythine (lmax = 320 nm), while short wavelength UV-A exhibits the highest quantum efficiency on their synthesis. In contrast, the synthesis of asterina-330 (lmax = 330 nm), palythinol (lmax = 332 nm) and palythene (lmax = 360 nm) was mainly induced by UV-B radiation. Whether the synthesis of shinorine and palythine is induced by a photoreceptor with an absorption maximum in the short wavelength UV-A and whether a second photoreceptor absorbing UV-B radiation is responsible for the induction of asterina-330, palythinol and palythene remains to be studied.Our results show that C. crispus has a high capacity to adapt flexibly the qualitative and quantitative MAA concentration to the prevailing spectral distribution of irradiance. On the one hand, this is regarded as an important aspect with respect to the acclimation of algae to increasing UV-B irradiance in the context of ongoing depletion of stratospheric ozone. On the other hand the experiment demonstrates that UV-A irradiance is more important for the induction of the major MAAs shinorine and palythine than UV-B.
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    The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Polar research, 21, pp. 167-208
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    The development of transfer cells in the haustorium of the Funaria hygrometrica sporophyte (1977)
    In:  EPIC3Bryophytorum Bibliotheca, 13, pp. 147-167
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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  • 90
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    Tank study of physico-chemical controls on gas content and composition during growth of young sea ice (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Glaciology
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: During an ice tank experiment, samples were taken to study the processes of acquisition and alteration of the gas properties in young first-year sea ice during a complete growth-warming-cooling cycle. The goal was to obtain reference levels for total gas content and concentrations of atmospheric gases (O2, N2, CO2) in the absence of significant biological activity.The range of total gas content values obtained (3.5 to 18 ml of gas per kilo of ice) was similar to previous measurements or estimates. However, major differences occurred between the current and quiet basins, showing the role of water dynamics at the ice-water interface in controlling bubble nucleation processes.Extremely high CO2 concentrations were observed in all the experiments (up to 57% in volume parts). It is argued that these could have resulted from two unexpected biases in the experimental settings.Concentrations of bubbles nucleated at the interface are controlled by diffusion both from the ice-water interface towards the well-mixed reservoir, and between the interface water and the bubble itself. This double kinetic effect results in a transition of the gas composition in the bubbles from values close to solubility in sea water towards values close to atmospheric, as the ice cover builds up.
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    Ozone loss from quasi-conservative coordinate mapping during the 1999-2000 SOLVE/THESEO 2000 campaigns (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical ResearchD20), 107, 8274 p.
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Ozone observations made by the Airborne Raman Ozone, Temperature, and Aerosol Lidar(AROTEL) and Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) on board the NASA DC-8 aircraft, the NOAAin situ instrument on board the NASA ER-2 aircraft, and Third European Stratospheric Experimenton Ozone 2000 (THESEO 2000) ozonesondes are analyzed by applying a quasi-conservativecoordinate mapping technique. Measurements from the late winter/early spring SAGE III OzoneLoss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) period (January through March 2000) are incorporatedinto a time-varying composite field in a potential vorticity-potential temperature coordinate space;ozone loss rates are calculated both with and without diabatic effects. The average loss rate frommid-January to mid-March near the 450 K isentropic surface in the polar vortex is found to beapproximately 0.03 ppmv/d.
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    Estimating a Mean Ocean State from Hydrography and Sea-Surface Height Data with a Non-linear Inverse Section Model: Twin Experiments with a Synthetic Dataset (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of physical oceanography, 32, pp. 2096-2112
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: The recovery of the oceanic flow field from in situ data is one ofthe oldest problems of modern oceanography. In this study, astationary, non-linear inverse model is used to estimate a meangeostrophic flow field from hydrographic data along a hydrographicsection. The model is augmented to improve these estimates withmeasurements of the absolute sea-surface height by satellitealtimetry. Measurements of the absolute sea-surface height includeestimates of an equipotential surface, the geoid. Compared tooceanographic measurements, the geoid is known only to low accuracyand spatial resolution, which restricts the use of sea-surface heightdata to applications of large scale phenomena of the circulation.Dedicated satellite missions that are designed for high precision,high resolution geoid models are planned and/or in preparation. Ourstudy, which relies on twin experiments, assesses the importantcontribution of improved geoid models to estimating the mean flowfield along a hydrographic section. When the sea-surface height dataare weighted according to the error estimates of the future highlyaccurate geoid models GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment)and GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer)integrated fluxes of mass and temperature can be determined with anaccuracy that is improved over the case with no sea-surface heightdata by up to 55%. With the error estimates of the currently bestgeoid model EGM96, the reduction of the estimated flux errors does notexceed 18%.
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    AIMS - An automated identification system for microbial populations (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Proceedings of the 15th International Diatom Symposium 1998, pp. 21-29
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: AIMS (Automated Identification System For Microbial Populations) is an EU MAST III project that will develop, test and apply analytical procedures to identify and characterise phytoplankton using in situ hybridisation and flow cytometry coupled to artificial neural networks (ANN). Ribosomal RNA sequences, especially the 18S rRNA, will be used to develop specific oligonucleotide probes for detecting different groups, genera and species of algae for confirmation of the species identification made with ANNs. 18S rRNA sequences retrieved from GenBank were added to unpublished sequences from nano- and picoplankton taxa to build up an algal sequence database. Sequence data were analysed using the ARB program to find unique regions for designing specific probes. Oligonucleotides complementary to these sites were labelled with fluorochromes or with enzymes and hybridised to different algae or the PCR products of their 18S rRNA gene for subsequent analysis using chemiluminescent detection or fluorescent detection with microscopy or flow cytometry. Specific probes are currently available for algae at a higher group level (i.e., green versus non-green algae), at the class level (i.e., Pelagophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae), for two clades of Chrysochromulina species, for the genus Phaeocystis and for the species Alexandrium tamarense, Chrysochromulina polylepis, and several species of Pseudo-nitzschia. Probes that have been developed and are now being tested are among others specific for dinoflagellates and pennate diatoms, the genus Pyramimonas, six clades within the Cryptophyta and the species Emiliania huxleyi, Gymnodinium mikimotoi, Heterocapsa triquetra, Phaeocystis globosa, Prorocentrum lima, P. minimum, P. micans and Skeletonema costatum. Probes will be developed for the genera Gymnodinium (in part) and Chaetoceros. A broad range of algal taxa can be identified and counted rapidly with ANNs, and their identification reconfirmed with rRNA probes.
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    An estimation of the sediment budget in the Laptev Sea during the last 5,000 years (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung 70, pp. 151-157
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Modelling of large-scale melt parameters with a regional climate model in South-Greenland during the 1991 melt season (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Annals of Glaciology, 35, pp. 391-397
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Large-scale positive degree-day based melt parameterisations for the Greenland ice sheet are highly sensitive to their parameters (standard temperature deviation, snow and ice degree-day factors). In this article, these parametrs have been simulated with a coupled atmosphere-snow regional climate model for the southern part of Greenland during the summer of 1991 forced at the lateral boundaries with ECMWF re-analysis. The calculated (from net ablation, i.e. ablation without refreezing) snow and ice positive degree-day factors vary considerably over the ice sheet. At low elevations, the modelled snow degree-day factor approaches closely the generally accepted value of 3 mm WE d-1 °C-1. Higher up the ice sheet, large values up to 15 mm WE d-1 °C-1 are simulated. In case of ice melt, maximum values until 40 mm WE d-1 °C-1 are found. The snow and ice positive degree-day factor distributions peak respectively at 3 and 8 mm WE d-1 °C-1. Refreezing is of small importance close to the ice sheet margin. Higher up the ice sheet, refreezing considerably lowers the amount of net ablation. The monthly simulated 2m air temperature standard deviation exhibits a strong seasonal cycle with the highest (between 3.0° and 5.0°C) values in May and June. July shows the lowest temperature fluctuations due to melting of the surface.
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    European pollution outbreaks during ACE 2, part II: Optical particle properties inferred from multiwavelength lidar and star/sun photometry (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, D15, 14 p.
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    A vertical girdle fabric in the NGRIP deep ice core, North Greenland (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Annals of Glaciology, 35, pp. 515-520
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    Shallow firn cores from Neumayer, Ekströmisen - A comparison of accumulation rates and stable isotope ratios (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Annals of Glaciology, 35, pp. 91-96, ISSN: 0260-3055
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Temperature impact on reproduction and development of congener copepod populations (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 271(2), pp. 121-153
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The goal of this study was to relate the temperature response of all developmental stages and reproductive biology of two congener copepod pairs inhabiting different biogeographic regions to their geographic distribution patterns. Survival of adult females and egg production, embryonic development and hatching success of the genera Centropages and Temora from two stations, in the North Sea and the Mediterranean, were studied in laboratory experiments in a temperature range from 2 to 35°C. Postembryonic development was determined from cohorts raised at temperatures between 10 and 20°C with surplus food. Tolerance limits and optima of female survival, reproduction and development distinguished the northern species C. hamatus and T. longicornis from the southern T. stylifera, while C. typicus, which is found in both regions, was intermediate. Thus, thermal preferences could in part explain distribution patterns of these species. While C. hamatus and the two Temora species showed distinct temperature ranges, C. typicus was able to tolerate different temperature conditions, resulting in its wide distribution range from the subarctic to the tropics. However, the thermal range of a species did not necessarily correlate with the optimal temperatures in the experiments. Egg production and stage development were surprisingly low in T. stylifera, which has a mere southern distribution.
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    Seasonal variation in ecophysiological patterns in macroalgae from an Arctic fjord: II. Pigment accumulation and biochemical defence systems (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Marine Biology 140, pp. 1087-1095
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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