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  • Auxin
  • Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
  • Immunocytochemistry
  • Springer  (123)
  • 1995-1999  (20)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (103)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1999  (20)
  • 1978  (55)
  • 1977  (48)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (123)
Years
  • 1995-1999  (20)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (103)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambium: old challenges – new opportunities (1999)
    Springer
    Trees 13 (1999), S. 138-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Cytoskeleton ; Immunocytochemistry ; Model systems ; Populus ; Secondary vascular system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Trees represent a, probably the, major component of the biosphere and have a unique place in the history of Mankind. One of their most fascinating features is the process of secondary growth which is effected principally by the secondary vascular system, the developmental continuum of secondary phloem, vascular cambium, and secondary xylem. However, for too long assumptions about the developmental biology of trees have had to be based upon studies of primary growth systems within annual, herbaceous species because study of the secondary vascular system had been largely ignored. Even when attempts are made to understand some of the most fundamental features of the secondary vascular system, such as xylogenesis, the current model system, isolated Zinnia mesophyll cells, is not entirely appropriate to the situation in the intact tree. Some deficiencies of the Zinnia system are discussed, and the advantages of the genus Populus as a model for study of the hardwood secondary vascular system are considered. Some of the new approaches which are poised to lead to significant advances in our knowledge of the cell bio-logy of the secondary vascular system of trees – spe-cifically of the cell wall, the plasmalemma, and the cytoskeleton – are discussed. The value of one of these new techniques – immunocytochemistry – is demonstrated by a consideration of recent work on the role of the cytoskeleton in the hardwood secondary vascular system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009745
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of enamel matrix proteins on root-analogue surfaces of rabbit permanent incisor teeth (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 223-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Enamel-cementum-morphology ; Immunocytochemistry ; Biochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The continuously erupting rabbit incisor tooth is normally thought of as having an enamel covered “crown” on its labial surface and a cementum covered “root” on its lingual surface. We have examined both surfaces of continuously erupting rabbit incisor teeth taken from near term embryos by a variety of means, including transmission and scanning electron microscopy, biochemical fractionation, and immunohistochemistry. In all cases, we could detect no qualitative difference in the early extracellular matrices taken from the labial and lingual surfaces of the teeth. Both matrices were shown to be composed of dentin and enamel, although the thickness and geometry of the enamel matrix on the lingual surface was somewhat different from that on the labial surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223320
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Affinity labels for auxin binding sites in corn coleoptile membranes (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 134 (1977), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Affinity labels ; Auxin ; Cell membranes ; Hormone Receptors ; Receptors ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two auxin analogues have been tested as affinity labels for auxin binding sites in coleoptile membranes of Zea mays L. Reacting the membranes at pH 8–9 with the diazonium salt of CAPA (2-chloro-4-aminophenoxyacetic acid) reduces their subsequent ability to bind NAA(1-naphthylacetic acid). Diazo-Chloramben (2,5-dichloro-3-aminobenzoic acid) is also effective in inhibiting NAA binding capacity and this inhibition is largely independent of reaction pH over the range pH 6–9. Similar experiments with sulphydryl reagents have shown that reaction of the membranes with p-mercuribenzoate (PMB) strongly inhibits subsequent auxin binding activity. Prior addition of NAA protects the binding sites against the action of diazo-Chloramben or PMB when the reactions are carried out at pH 6. From these results and from other considerations, several of the amino acid residues in the binding site environment have been tentatively assigned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384963
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Growth of Avena coleoptiles and pH drop of protoplast suspensions induced by chlorinated indoleacetic acids (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Avena ; Helianthus ; pH drop ; Pisum ; Protoplast suspension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several indoleacetic acids, substituted in the benzene ring, were compared in the Avena straight growth bioassay. 4-Chloroindoleacetic acid, a naturally occurring plant hormone, is one of the strongest hormones in this bioassay. With an optimum at 10-6 mol l-1, it is more active than indoleacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid and naphthaleneacetic acid. 5-Chloro- and 6-chloroindoleacetic acids are very strong auxins as well. Other derivatives tested have a lower activity. 5,7-Dichloro- and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acids have very low auxin activity at 10-4 mol l-1 and may be anti-auxins. Some of the derivatives were compared for their effect on pH decline in stem protoplast suspensions of Helianthus annuus L. and Pisum sativum L. The change of pH occurs without a lag period or with only a very short one. Derivatives which are very active in the Avena straight growth assay cause a larger pH decline than indoleacetic acid, while inactive derivatives cause effectively no pH decline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389385
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Early time course and specificity of auxin effects on turgor movement of the bean pulvinus (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 107-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Leaf movement ; Phaseolus ; Pulvinus ; Turgor movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Auxin application to the upper side of the pulvinus of primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. promoted bending away from the place of application. The effect had a latency of less than 20 min and was specifically induced by substances known as active auxins in growth tests (indoleacetic and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid) but not by inactive auxin analogs (2-naphthaleneacetic, 3-indolepropionic and benzoic acid); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and L-(-)-2,4-dichlorophenoxyisopropionic acid were of intermediate activity. Auxin-promoted bending was reversible and presumably caused by turgor increase in the treated cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384908
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous measurement of initial curvature of maize coleoptiles induced by lateral auxin application (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 201-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Cell elongation ; Coleoptiles ; Fusicoccin ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To analyze early effects of auxin application, an apparatus was developed which continuously and simultaneously registered the curvature of 10 individual maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles. Resolution was less than 5 μm over a range of ±0.5 mm. The data were evaluated and plotted via paper tape and Hewlett-Packard-computer. Unilateral application of 3×10-5 M indoleacetic acid (IAA) resulted in a transient inhibition of growth on the side of application for ca. 10 min (Phase I), followed by a strong stimulation (Phase II). The phytotoxin fusicoccin (FC) caused an immediate stimulation of elongation. The initial negative reaction of Phase I is auxin-specific. Only active auxins such as IAA and 1-naphtaleneacetic acid produced this initial inhibition; chemical analogs-inhibitory or neutral in long-term growth tests, e.g. phenylacetic acid-did not show any significant effects on Phase I. When the coleoptiles were symmetrically preloaded with different levels of auxin, only a large step-up of subsequent unilateral auxin application resulted in a negative phase I; a small step-up led to an immediate positive reaction. The results are discussed in context with the parallel kinetics for various other auxin-induced reactions of coleoptile cells which have already been published.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390249
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indole glucosinolate and auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. glucosinolate mutants and the development of clubroot disease (1999)
    Springer
    Planta 208 (1999), S. 409-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words:Arabidopsis ; Auxin ; Clubroot disease ; Glucosinolate ; Plasmodiophora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Mutants and wild type plants of Arabidopsis thaliana were analysed for differences in glucosinolate accumulation patterns, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis and phenotype. A previously identified series of mutants, termed TU, with altered glucosinolate patterns was used in this study. Only the line TU8 was affected in shoot phenotype (shorter stems, altered branching pattern). Synthesis of IAA and metabolism were not much affected in the TU8 mutant during seedling development, although the content of free IAA peaked earlier in TU8 during plant development than in the wild type. Indole glucosinolates and IAA may, however, be involved in the development of clubroot disease caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Plasmodiophora brassicae since the TU3 line had a lower infection rate than the wild type, and lines TU3 and TU8 showed decreased symptom development. The decline in clubroot formation was accompanied by a reduced number of fungal structures within the root cortex and slower development of the fungus. Indole glucosinolates were lower in infected roots of TU3 and TU8 than in control roots of these lines, whereas in wild-type plants the differences were not as prominent. Free IAA and indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) were increased in infected roots of the wild type and mutants with normal clubroot symptoms, whereas they were reduced in infected roots of mutants TU3 and TU8. These results indicate a role for indole glucosinolates and IAN/IAA in relation to symptom development in clubroot disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050576
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Auxin inhibition of acid-and fusicoccin-induced elongation in lentil roots (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 136 (1977), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Acid growth ; Auxin ; Ethylene ; Fusicoccin ; Growth inhibition ; Lens ; Root growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Both acid pH (4.0) and fusicoccin (FC) strongly stimulate root elongation in intact lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) seedlings. FC-induced elongation is apparently mediated by FC-enhanced H+ secretion since the toxin induces massive secretion of H+ in these roots after a latent period of less than 5 min. Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) strongly inhibits elongation in control roots as well as acid-induced and FC-induced root elongation. Treatment of apical root segments with auxin causes only a slight apparent uptake of H+ and has no inhibitory effect on FC-induced H+ secretion, whether the hormone is given before or after the toxin. Auxin induces ethylene production in excised roots of lentil but the latent period is at least 30 min while inhibition of root elongation by IAA is maximal within 30 min. It is concluded that the inhibitory action of auxin on acid-and fusicoccin-induced root elongation is a direct effect, independent of auxin-induced ethylene production or auxin-mediated modification of cell-wall pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396184
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Synergistic effect of gibberellic acid and indole-3-acetic acid on rooting in stem cuttings of Abelmoschus esculentus Moench (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 111-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abelmoschus ; Auxin ; Gibberellin ; Root formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) enhanced the formation of roots on the stem cuttings of Abelmoschus esculentus. The effect increased considerably when both IAA and GA3 were applied together.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392926
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Asymbiotic association of Rhizobium with pea epicotyls treated with a plant hormone (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 107-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Nitrogen fixation (asymbiotic) ; Pisum ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Treatment of epicotyls of dark-grown pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings with indole-3-acetic acid causes swelling of the tissue. Application of Rhizobium to the cut surface of the swollen tissue results in the development of an “infection”. The infection spreads in the cortical cells and proceeds 2–3 mm deep into the stem within 3–4 days. An acetylene reduction assay used for detecting nitrogen-fixation capacity of the infected tissue was negative at 10% [O2]; however, if [O2] was reduced to below 1%, some activity could be detected. Ultrastructural observations indicate that the cytoplasmic contents of the infected cells are destroyed and no membrane structure around the bacteria is formed during this infection. Rhizobium does not appear to have developed any symbiotic relationship with the host. Failure to develop symbiosis appears to result in a parasitic or saprophytic association and the nitrogen fixed under such conditions may not be of any use to the plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392925
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    The influence of growth regulators absorbed by the root on sex expression in hemp plants (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 181-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Auxin ; Cannabis ; Cytokinin ; Flowers (sex) ; Gibberellin ; Sex expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Application, through the root system, of growth regulators to hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants having 2–3 pairs of visible leaves caused pronounced shifts of sex expression in the adult individuals. Treatment with gibberellic acid (25 mg/l) resulted in more than 80% of the plants being male, i.e. having staminate flowers (controls, ca. 30%). Treatment with 6-benzylaminopurine and with indole-3-acetic acid (in either case, 15 mg/l) resulted in all plants being either female (pistillate flowers) or intersexes (bisexual flowers); treatment with abscisic acid (10 mg/l) had a similar but somewhat less pronounced effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391176
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Ethylene and adventitious root formation in hypocotyl segments of etiolated mung-bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) seedlings (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 193-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Ethylene ; Root formation ; Vigna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rooting responses and ethylene production by hypocotyl cuttings from etiolated mung-bean seedlings treated with the auxins α-naphthaleneacetic acid, γ-(indole-3)-n-butyric acid (IBA) and 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxypropionic acid were determined. There was no relationship between the abilities of the auxins to induce root formation and their capacities for inducing ethylene production. Studies with mixtures of 3-indoleacetic acid, a poor stimulator of rooting but an effective inducer of ethylene production, and IBA, an effective rooting stimulator but a poor inducer of ethylene production, exposure of cuttings to ethylene or (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (Ethephon), hypobaric storage (150 mb) of treated cuttings, and exposure of auxin-treated cuttings to 7% CO2 also indicated that ethylene is not directly involved in initiation of adventitious roots in this plant material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386810
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    3-O-Methyl glucose uptake stimulation by auxin and by fusicoccin in plant materials and its relationships with proton extrusion (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 249-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Fusicoccin ; Glucose transport ; Proton flux ; Roots ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Auxin and fusicoccin (FC) stimulate the active uptake of 3-O-methyl glucose (3-O-MG) in those materials in which they have been shown to activate an electrogenic proton extrusion (Pisum sativum L. stems, Zea mays L. coleoptiles and roots). In maize roots the curve relating 3-O-MG influx to external concentrations indicated that the values of the apparent Km increase in the 3-O-MG concentration range between 2×10-5 mol l-1 and 2×10-2 mol l-1. FC did not alter the Km values and its stimulating effect was nearly constant at all 3-O-MG concentrations tested. Basal and FC-induced uptake of 3-O-MG appeared associated with a transient proton influx suggesting that also in maize roots a sugar-proton contransport occurs. Diethyl stilbestrol, which inhibits proton extrusion, inhibited also basal and FC-induced 3-O-MG uptake. The data support the view that the stimulation by FC of 3-O-MG uptake is closely related to that of proton extrusion. The stimulation by FC of 3-O-MG uptake cannot be replaced by increasing extracellular proton concentration, nor may be explained only by the FC-induced hyperpolarization of transmembrane potential difference. The hypothesis is proposed that the effect of FC on 3-O-MG uptake depends on an increase of cytoplasmic pH, following the activation of the proton extruding system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386819
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  • 14
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    Phytochrome photoreversibility: Empirical test of the hypothesis that it varies as a consequence of pigment compartmentation (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 141 (1978), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Immunocytochemistry ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phytochrome of oat (Avena sativa L., cv. Garry) coleoptile cells in the red-light-absorbing form, Pr, is diffusely distributed while after conversion to the far-red-light-absorbing form, Pfr, it is observed only in very small areas within the cell. Comparison of phytochrome photoversibility measurements to the distribution of the pigment within the cell indicates that the spectral assay is not influenced by the observed compartmentalization of the chromoprotein. However, the observed compartmentalization of phytochrome is correlated with a loss in spectrophotometrically detectable Pr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387878
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  • 15
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    Auxin gradient along the root of the maize seedling (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 141 (1978), S. 179-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Maize ; Root tip ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract [5-3H]Indol-3yl-acetic acid (IAA) applied to the shoot apices of intact 6-day-old maize (Zea mays L.) plants moved into the primary root and accumulated at the root apex. IAA from the shoot could partially satisfy the requirement of the primary root for IAA for growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387886
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  • 16
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    Hormonal regulation of cotton ovule and fiber growth: Effects of bromodeoxyuridine, AMO-1618 and p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 141 (1978), S. 269-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: AMO-1618 ; Antiauxin ; Auxin ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cell (fiber) growth ; Gibberellin ; Gossypium ; Ovules (in-vitro culture)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BUdR, thymidine analogue), AMO-1618 (2-isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidine carboxylate methyl chloride), a growth retardant, and p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB, an antiauxin) on growth (dry weight increase) and fiber development in unfertilized cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ovules grown in vitro have been studied. BUdR (5 μM) causes about 70% inhibition of fiber production, with little effect on ovule growth, if applied during the first 6 d of culture in the presence of GA3 and IAA. AMO-1618, when used with GA3 alone, causes only a small reduction in both dry weight and fiber production, but when used with IAA alone reduces both fiber production and dry weight, the effect on the latter being predominant. In the presence of both IAA and GA3, AMO-1618 causes a small decrease in fiber production but a major decrease in dry weight. PCIB completely inhibits fiber growth but has little effect on dry weight, especially when GA3 is present. These results indicate that GA3 mainly promotes ovule growth while IAA is largerly responsible for fiber growth.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388342
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  • 17
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    Effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the structure and function of developing chloroplasts (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 137 (1977), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Chlorophyll content ; Chloroplast ; Photosynthetic rate ; Raphanus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dark-grown radish seedlings (Raphanus sativus L.) were sprayed with 10-3 mol·l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and then were exposed to a 14:10 light: dark cycle. Cotyledon samples from these seedlings and unsprayed controls were taken for electron microscopy, chlorophyll determinations, and photosynthetic rate measurements at regular intervals for 72 h. A normal development of etioplasts to chloroplasts with formation of typical grana-fret work system was observed in the control cotyledons. The chloroplasts in the 2,4-D-treated cotyledons showed changes in the organization of the grana thylakoids; these thylakoids being more appressed to each other than in the controls. The chlorophyll content of treated plants was less than that of controls but the rate of chlorophyll biosynthesis was unaffected. The photosynthetic rate/mg chlorophyll was considerably higher for treated plants suggesting that 2,4-D treatment resulted in decreased size of the photosynthetic unit.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394437
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  • 18
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    The stimulation of cell extension by ethylene and auxin in aquatic plants (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 144 (1978), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Aquatic plants ; Auxin ; Cell elongation ; Ethylene ; Ethylene biosynthesis ; Silverions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Elongation of the shoots of three aquatic plants (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, Regnellidium diphyllum and Ranunculus sceleratus) is stimulated by treatment with ethylene or IAA. The effects of the two hormones are additive, and experiments with an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor and silver ions indicate that the mechanisms by which ethylene and IAA stimulate growth may be different. Hydrocharis and Ranunculus leaf discs synthesize [14C]ethylene from [14C]methionine, but no [14C]ethylene is formed by Regnellidium, suggesting the existence of an alternative pathway of ethylene biosynthesis in the fern.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385005
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  • 19
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    A specific radioimmunoassay for nanogram quantities of the auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 136 (1977), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Immunoassay ; Nicotiana ; Radioimmunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have developed a specific radioimmunoassay [RIA] for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the 0.2 ng to 12 ng range which, in principle, can be extended to other indole auxins as well. Methods are presented for obtaining suitable antibody, for the RIA procedure, and for measuring IAA in methanolic extracts of plant tissues. Antibody specific for IAA was obtained from rabbits immunized with IAA bound to bovine serum albumin by formaldehyde treatment. In assays with this antibody, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and indoles structurally related to IAA reacted from 300- to 3000-fold less than did IAA itself. However, α-and β-naphthaleneacetic acid reacted significantly and hence interfered with the assay. Extracts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) tissue were immunoassayed after partial purification by buffer-ether partition. Crown-gall tumor tissue, which is auxin-autotrophic, and pith tissue depleted of auxin by the diffusion method contained, respectively, 26.7 ng and 〈0.5 ng extractable IAA per gram fresh weight.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396195
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  • 20
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    Short-term effects of plant hormones on membrane potential and membrane permeability of dwarf maize coleoptile cells (Zea mays L. d 1) in comparison with growth responses (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 137 (1977), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Calcium ions ; Cell growth ; Gibberellin ; Membrane permeability ; Membrane potential ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The membrane potential difference of dwarf maize coleoptile cells is increased by both 10-5moll-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) a few minutes after application. A final level is reached after 10–20 min. The membrane permeability ratio P Na:P K is altered by both hormones during the first 15 min after application, indicating a rapid effect on the membrane. Elongation growth of coleoptile segments, however, is only stimulated by IAA. The auxin-induced growth as well as the auxin effect on membrane permeability depends on the calcium ion concentration of the medium. It is concluded that IAA acts via a proton extrusion pump that is electrically balanced by a potassium ion uptake, driven by the electromotive force of the pump. The mode of action of GA3 on elongation growth is assumed to involve a process that depends on the physiologic state of the tissue and/or metabolic energy.
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    Lateral electrical potential following asymmetric auxin application to maize coleoptiles (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 31-35 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Coleoptiles ; Electrical Potential ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Following asymmetric application of indoleacetic acid to maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles the early time course of changes in lateral electrical potential was externally monitored with static-drop electrodes. First, an early negative potential change of ca.-1 mV was measured at the surface on the side of a strong auxin application. This negative auxin effect ended after ca. 15 min and was followed by a strong and lasting auxin stimulation of a positive lateral potential up to +12 mV at the auxin-treated side. The initial auxin effect appeared to depend on the size of the step-up in auxin concentration.
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    Does indoleacetic acid promote growth via cell wall acidification? (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 137-142 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Cell elongation ; Proton secretion ; Triticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Cappelle Desprez coleoptiles is promoted by 5.7×10−5 M indole acetic acid (IAA) as effectively in pH 3.4 buffer as in water, but IAA is not effective in the presence of buffer at pH 3.0 or 3.2 A combination of 5.7×10−5 M IAA and pH 3.4 buffer promotes growth to a greater extent than pH 3.2 buffer alone, which is optimal for acid-induced growth. IAA employed at 10−7 M is still effective at promoting growth in the presence of pH 3.4 buffer, moreover, IAA at 10−7 M interacts synergistically with the acidic buffer to promote growth. It is concluded that IAA and acid promote growth via separate mechanisms, and that IAA does not promote cell wall loosening by rendering the cell wall more acid.
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    Lead toxicity effects on indole-3-ylacetic acid-induced cell elongation (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 144 (1978), S. 79-84 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Cell elongation ; Lead ; Triticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In vitro studies of IAA-induced cell elongation in Triticum aestivum have demonstrated that lead causes a large reduction in elongation. Inhibition of elongation can be reduced by increasing the concentration of IAA, or by the addition of calcium. The inhibitory effect appears to be linked with changes in the properties of the cell walls. Experiments are described which show that lead becomes bound strongly to certain chemical substances involved in cell wall architecture.
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    Effect of growth regulators and role of roots in sex expression in spinach (1978)
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    Planta 142 (1978), S. 207-210 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Auxin ; Cytokinin ; Flowers (sex) ; Gibberellin ; Sex expression ; Spinacia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When 7-d-old plantlets of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were immersed with their roots for 24 h in 25 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3), or 15 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP), or 15 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), or 10 mg/l abscisic acid (ABA) and subsequently grown on long (18-h) days, the ratio of plants with male and female flowers, which in the controls was almost 1:1 (48 and 52%, respectively), was greatly altered. The treatments with 6-BAP, IAA and ABA raised the percentage of female plants to 88, 76 and 71%, respectively; the GA3 treatment increased the percent of male plants to 79%. When young, vegetative spinach plants (3 visible leaves) grown in 18-h days were cut a the root neck, and the shoots grown with their bases in nutrient solution, with adventitious roots either being allowed to develop or being systematically removed, 85% of the plants without roots became males, 85% of those with roots became females. But if the cut shoots were first, for 28 h, placed in a 15-mg/l 6-BAP solution and then grown in the absence of roots, the percent of female plants was restored to 84. These results fully agree with those obtained previously with hemp, namely, that plant growth regulators exert a regulating effect on the sex expression of dioecious plants when applied through the roots in early stages of development; that the root system plays an important role in determining the sex of these plants, that this role of the roots is associated with the synthesis of cytokinins in them. Dioecious short- and long-day plants do not differ in these respects.
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    Naturally occuring modifiers of auxin-receptor interaction in corn: Identification as benzoxazolinones (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 142 (1978), S. 103-107 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Benzoxazolinones ; Receptors ; Supernatant factor ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A naturally-occurring material termed ‘supernatant factor’ [Ray, P.R., Dohrmann, U., Hertel, R.: Plant Physiol. 59. 357–364 (1977)], which has the property of modifying the binding affinity of auxins to receptor sites, has been isolated from corn (Zea mays L.) and characterised as a mixture of 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) and 6,7-dimethoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (DMBOA). DMBOA is about 50 times more active than MBOA in inhibiting binding of the auxin 1-naphthylacetic acid to membrane-bound or solubilised receptors. The activity of these compounds and the parent analogue in inhibiting auxin binding is correlated with their ability to inhibit auxin-induced growth.
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    Fluxes and compartmentation of K+, Na+ and Cl−, and action of auxins in suspension-cultured Petroselinum cells (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 143 (1978), S. 213-223 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Compartmental analysis ; Ion fluxes ; Petroselinum ; Suspension culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transport of 86Rb+/K+, 22Na+, 36Cl−, and [3H]indole acetic acid (IAA) has been studied on suspension-cultured cells of the parsley, Petroselinum crispum (Mill) Nym. By compartmental analysis two intracellular compartments of K+, Na+, and Cl− have been identified and ascribed to the cytoplasm and vacuole; half-times of exchange were around 200 s and 5 h, respectively. According to the Ussing-Teorell flux equation, active transport is required for the influx into the cytoplasm at the plasmalemma (K+, Cl−) and the tonoplast (K+, Na+, Cl−). The plasmalemma permeability pattern, PK:PNa:PCl=1.00:0.24:0.38, features an increased chloride permeability compared with cells from higher plant tissues. IAA uptake showed an exponential timecourse, was half-maximal after 10 min, and a linear function of the IAA concentration from 10−9 to 10−5 M. IAA and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid reduce the apparent influx of K+, Na+, Cl− during the initial 30 min after addition and subsequently accelerate both in- and efflux of these ions. We discuss that auxins could affect the ion fluxes in a complex way, e.g. by protonophorous activity and by control of the hypothetical proton pump.
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    Ribosome metabolism in hormone-treated Jerusalem artichoke tuber slices in the absence and presence of 5-fluorouracil (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 135 (1977), S. 267-273 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Cytokinin ; 5-Fluorouracil ; Helianthus ; Ribosome synthesis and activity ; Tuber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In order to examine the relation of protein synthesis to the onset of growth, changes in ribosome content and activity were compared in aged, metabolically active Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) slices incubated in water or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid+kinetin. In water, cells do not grow or divide and rRNA and protein levels remain constant. The percentage membrane-bound (mb) ribosomes drops from 25% to 16% during 24h. At the same time the proportion of ribosomes active in protein synthesis in both free and mb populations declines from about 69% to 54%. In auxin+kinetin, cell expansion occurs and is accompanied by a 3-fold increase in rRNA and a 50% increase in total protein content. The percentage mb ribosomes remains at 25% throughout 48 h of growth. During the first 24h of growth 70% of ribosomes in both free and mb populations are active; this value declines to near water levels at 48 h. Considering the large increase in total ribosomes the number of synthetically active ribosomes is substantially increased during growth. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) does not inhibit hormone induced growth but does depress total rRNA content by about one-third. It also reduces [3H]uridine incorporation into ribosomes by 70% and the newly made ribosomes are mostly inactive in protein synthesis. On the other hand, the inhibitor does not significantly affect the proportion of total ribosomes active in protein synthesis and only partially reduces protein accumulation during the second 24 h of growth. It is suggested that while ribosome production is reduced in 5-FU, ribosome turnover is also retarded resulting in retention of near normal capacity for protein synthesis and growth.
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    Meristem differentiation in Riella helicophylla (Bory et Mont.) Mont. under the influence of auxin or antiauxin (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 135 (1977), S. 289-295 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Antiauxin ; Auxin ; Meristem differentiation ; Riella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During the development of the unistratose gemmae of Riella helicophylla, the single intercalary meristem of the very young gemmae is subdivided into two lateral meristems. The duration of the cell reproduction cycle increases from the margin to the median part of the gemmae. This polarization within the meristem disappears after addition of the antiauxin PCIB to the culture medium. PCIB leads to a retardation or blockage of the cell cycle during the light period of the culture. Under the influence of PCIB the amount of starch in the chloroplasts is strikingly increased, probably because of a reduction of starch degradation. Addition of sugars compensates the effect of PCIB on the cell cycle. The effects of PCIB are counteracted by auxin. The results are taken as evidence that auxin plays a role in directing the transport of substances needed for the continuation of the cell reproduction cycle between adjacent cells of the meristem.
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    Some quantitative effects of indoleacetic acid on the wood production and tracheid dimensions of Picea (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 134 (1977), S. 223-228 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Cambium ; Gibberellin ; Picea ; Tracheids-wood production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The diameter and wall thickness of tracheids produced after indoleacetic acid treatment were not significantly different from those of the intact controls, for the first few weeks after treatment of disbudded shoots of Picea abies Karst. and Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. However, lateral application of indoleacetic acid (IAA) to intact shoots increased both tracheid diameter and wall thickness; it is suggested that IAA acted synergistically with another endogenous growth regulator, which was also removed by disbudding. Increase in wall thickness after exogenous IAA was associated with increase in duration of the wall thickening phase of tracheid differentiation; this is discussed in relation to the seasonal change from early to latewood. Cambial dormancy was induced by disbudding during active wood production. Since this occurred with or without the presence of current leaves, it is concluded that in Picea continued cambial activity depends upon supply of auxin from the buds, and cannot be supplied from expanded leaves or from the internode itself. Neither indoleacetic acid nor gibberellic acid stimulated renewed cambial activity when applied after the cessation of wood production. With both disbudded and intact shoots, the effectiveness of exogenous IAA declined with time, probably due to decreasing penetration through callus developing at the wounded surface. It is suggested that this apparent change in IAA effectiveness may explain some discrepancies between the results of previous observers.
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    Abscisic acid and apical dominance in Phaseolus coccineus L. (1977)
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    Planta 134 (1977), S. 295-299 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Apical dominance ; Auxin ; Gibberellin ; Hormone transport ; Phaseolus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) in lanolin, applied to the internode of decapitated runner bean plants enhances the outgrowth of lateral buds. The optimum concentration of the paste is 10-5 M. The effect of ABA is counteracted by indoleacetic acid (IAA) but not by gibberellic acid (GA3). There is no effect when ABA is applied to the apical bud or lateral buds of intact plants. However, 13.2 ng given to the lateral buds of decapitated plants stimulate their growth, whereas higher concentrations are inhibitory. Consequently, ABA enhances growth of lateral buds directly, but only when apical dominance is already weakened. The growth of the decapitated 2nd internode was not affected by ABA. Radioactivity from [2-14C] ABA, applied to nonelongating 2nd internode stumps of decapitated runner bean plants moves to the lateral buds, whereas [1-14C]IAA-and [3H]GA1-translocation is much weaker. ABA transport is inhibited if IAA or [3H]GA1 is applied simultaneously. In elongating internodes [14C]ABA is almost completely immobile. [14C]IAA-and [3H]GA1-translocation is not affected by ABA. The amount of radioactivity from labelled ABA, translocated to the lateral buds, is highest during the early stages of bud outgrowth.
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    Rapid differentiation of tracheary elements in cultured explants of Jerusalem artichoke (1977)
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    Planta 135 (1977), S. 207-212 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Cytokinin ; Explants ; Helianthus ; Tuber (explants) ; Xylem differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract the culture of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuber explants on filter paper discs moistened with liquid medium resulted in rapid and consistent xylem differentiation. The number of tracheary elements increased in discrete steps, the first at 48 h with a second at 56–58 h, following partially synchronous mitoses at 20 and 30 h. Factors favouring xylem cell differentiation were optimum levels of both an auxin and a cytokinin, low medium nitrogen concentrations, small volumes of medium, and high culture temperatures. A cell counting method employing Feulgen-stained nuclei and suitable for quantifyings small numbers of immature tracheary elements is described.
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    Sexual development of Aspergillus nidulans in tryptophan auxotrophic strains (1999)
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    Archives of microbiology 172 (1999), S. 157-166 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsAspergillus nidulans ; Tryptophan ; biosynthesis ; Fruitbody formation ; Auxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The interplay between sexual development and amino acid biosynthesis in the ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans was studied. The growth and differentiation of four tryptophan auxotrophic strains that are unable to regulate their tryptophan biosynthesis, were examined. These strains are sterile on medium containing low tryptophan concentrations. Fruitbody formation was restored by supplementation with high concentrations of tryptophan and was promoted by supplementation with indole or auxin. Tryptophan supplementation resulted in auxin production of A. nidulans. Fertility of ascospores of the tryptophan auxotrophic strains could only be partially re-established. trpC transcript levels and enzyme activities remained stable in cleistothecia and conidiophore extracts as compared to those of mycelium, while levels of gene transcripts involved in glycolysis were lower in fruitbodies and conidiospores. Auxotrophic strains unable to form fruitbodies at intermediate amino acid supplementation levels turned on the cross-pathway regulatory system that is induced by amino acid starvation. We conclude that there is a connection between the genetic network of cross-pathway control and sexual development in A. nidulans.
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    Involvement of indole-3-acetic acid in the circadian growth of the first internode of Arabidopsis (1999)
    Springer
    Planta 209 (1999), S. 136-142 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words:Arabidopsis ; Auxin ; Auxin transport ; Circadian rhythm ; Floral stem growth ; Indole-3-acetic acid aspartate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The extension rate of the first inflorescence node of Arabidopsis was measured during light/dark or continuous light exposure and was found to exhibit oscillations which showed a circadian rhythmicity. Decapitation induced a strong inhibition of stem extension. Subsequent application of IAA restored growth and the associated extension–rate oscillations. In addition, IAA treatments, after decapitation, re-established the circadian rhythmicity visible in the intact plants during free run. This indicates that the upper zone of the inflorescence has a major influence on the extension rate of floral stems and implies a role for auxin. Application of N-(1-naphthyl)phthalamic acid, an IAA transport inhibitor, to an intact floral stem inhibited growth and the rhythmicity in the extension rate oscillations, indicating that IAA polar transport may play a role in the dynamics of stem elongation. Furthermore, IAA-aspartate application, after decapitation, did not restore growth and rhythmicity. Nevertheless, biochemical analysis of IAA and IAA-aspartate demonstrated circadian fluctuations of the endogenous levels of both compounds. These observations suggest that IAA metabolism is an essential factor in the regulation of the circadian growth rhythm of Arabidopsis floral stems.
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    Identification and localization of transformed cells in Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced plant tumors (1999)
    Springer
    Planta 209 (1999), S. 399-405 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words:Agrobacterium-induced plant tumors ; Auxin ; Crown gall (degree of transformation) ; β-Glucuronidase ; Ricinus (tumors) ; T-DNA (wild type)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced tumors of dicotyledonous plants consist of well-defined vascular bundle-like structures originating from transformed cells. The current view that 25% of the tumor cells are transformed has been re-investigated by using β-glucuronidase (gus)-gene-containing wild-type bacteria (A281 p35S gus-int). Regularly growing stem and leaf tumors showed irregular GUS-staining patterns in the different plant species, Ricinus communis L., Cucurbita maxima L., Vicia faba L. and Kalanchoë daigremontiana Hamet et Perrier. Variable staining and inconsistency between staining and tumor growth suggested an inhibition of gus expression. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses it became evident that gus is also integrated into the DNA of unstainable tumor parts but not expressed. These results and area calculations of tissues unable to contain the bacterial transferred-DNA with gus provide strong evidence that in A. tumefaciens-induced tumors most cells, or even all, are transformed, i.e. ca. 100%.
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    2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin in anther culture of cultivated and wild oats and their interspecific crosses: plant regeneration from A. sativa L. (1999)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1999), S. 582-588 
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    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Androgenesis ; Auxin ; Avena sterilis ; Heat pretreatment ; 2 ; 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin was studied in anther culture of oat Avena sativa L., wild oat A. sterilis L. and progeny of crosses between them. A high 2,4-D concentration (5–6 mg l–1) increased embryo production in genotypes of both species and promoted plant regeneration in anther cultures of A. sterilis and A. sativa×A. sterilis progeny, while kinetin caused severe browning. However, a low concentration of kinetin was essential for initiation of regenerable embryos from anther culture of A. sativa cv. Kolbu: one green and one albino plant were produced. In addition, medium containing W14 salts gave higher regenerant recovery compared with medium containing Murashge and Skoog salts, when cross progeny were tested.
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    Rapid auxin- and fusicoccin-enhanced Rb+ uptake and malate synthesis in Avena coleoptile sections (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 35-41 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Avena ; Cell elongation ; Ion uptake ; Malate synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The short-term effects of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) and fusicoccin (FC) on Rb+ uptake and malate accumulation in Avena sativa L. coleoptile sections have been investigated. FC stimulates 86Rb+ uptake within 1 min while auxin-enhanced uptake begins after a 15–20-min lag period. Auxin has little or no effect on 86Rb+ uptake at external pHs of 6.0 or less, but substantial auxin effects can be observed in the range of pH 6.5 to 7.5. Competition studies indicate that the uptake mechanism is specific for Rb+ and K+. After 3 h of auxin treatment the total amount of malate in the coleoptile sections is doubled compared to control sections. FC causes a doubling of malate levels within 60 min of treatment. Auxin-induced malate accumulation exhibits a sensitivity to inhibitors and pH which is similar to that observed for the H+-extrusion and Rb+-uptake responses. Both auxin- and FC-enhanced malate accumulation are stimulated by monovalent cations but this effect is not specific for K+.
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    Identification and measurement of indoleacetic and abscisic acids in the cambial region of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 133-138 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Auxin ; Cambium ; Picea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) in fractions obtained by diffusion and extraction from bark peelings of Sitka spruce. A procedure is described for the quantitative analysis of IAA and ABA levels in the same extract using the GCMS technique of single-ion current monitoring. This procedure was used to measure the diffusible, free, and bound fractions of IAA and ABA in the cambial region of Sitka spruce throughout one year; the range in concentration for these fractions was 0.06–0.30, 0.46–3.85, and 0.04–0.20 μg/g oven-dry weight, respectively, for IAA, and 0–0.08, 0.03–2.21, and 0.13–0.66 μg/g oven-dry weight, respectively, for ABA. Movement in the cambial region was found to be polar for endogenous IAA and nonpolar for endogenous ABA. Recoveries of [14C]IAA internal standards showed that 73–99.5% of the IAA was lost during purification, and that there could be up to 5-fold differences in recovery between purifications, indicating that IAA loss shold be measured in quantitative analyses.
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    Rapid-growth responses of corn root segments: Effect of auxin on elongation (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 135 (1977), S. 1-5 
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    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Cell elongation ; Elongation ; Root growth ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on the elongation rates of 2 mm corn (Zea mays L.) root segments induced by citrate-phosphate buffer (or unbuffered) solutions of pH 4.0 and 7.0 was studied. At pH 7.0, auxin initially reduced the elongation rate in both buffered and unbuffered solutions. Only in buffer at pH 7.0 was auxin at a concentration of 0.1 μM found to promote the elongation rate though briefly. THis promoted rate represented only ca. 20% of the rate achieved with only buffer at pH 4.0. Auxin in pH 4.0 buffered and unbuffered solutions only served to reduce the elongation rates of root segments. Some comparative experiments were done using 2 mm corn coleoptile segments. Auxin (pH 6.8) promoted the elongation rate of coleoptile segments to a level equal or greater than the maximal H ion-induced rate. The two responses of root segments to auxin are compared to auxin action in coleoptile growth.
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    Autoradiographic studies of 3H-dexamethasone uptake by immunocytochemically characterized cells of the rat pituitary (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 347-356 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Dexamethasone ; ACTH ; Autoradiography ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 3H-Dexamethasone (10 μg/kg) was injected intravenously in adrenalectomized rats and after survival times of 5, 30, 60, and 180 min its uptake within the pituitary was studied by autoradiography. Radioactivity was concentrated in cell nuclei in the pars nervosa and pars distalis. Within the pars intermedia, only cells of the marginal zone were labeled. In the pars distalis, some cells showed a weak nuclear accumulation of radioactivity as early as 5 min after injection. The tissue radioactivity was nearly maximal at 5 min, and the proportion of radioactivity in nuclei reached a maximum of 60–70% by 30 min. In competition experiments, non-radioactive steroids (1 mg/kg) were injected 5 min before 3H-dexamethasone and sacrifice was 30 min later. Dexamethasone markedly diminished the nuclear accumulation in the pars distalis, but corticosterone and progesterone did not. In the pars nervosa, corticosterone and progesterone competed for nuclear uptake of 3H-dexamethasone, although less effectively than dexamethasone itself. Different cell types in the pars distalis were characterized by treating autoradiograms with an immuno-peroxidase bridge procedure. Cells treated with anti-ACTH 17–39 had the greatest nuclear concentration of radioactivity, and those stained with anti-TSH were least heavily labeled. Cells treated with antisera to GH, PRL, and hCG were moderately labeled.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219770
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    Isolation, characterization and localization of bovine adrenal medullary myosin (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 17-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myosin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Adrenal medulla ; Exocytosis ; Secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Myosin was isolated in high purity from the bovine adrenal medulla by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The purified myosin was analyzed by electrophoresis in gels containing SDS and found to contain a 200,000 molecular weight heavy chain and major light chains of molecular weights 20,000 and 17,000 in a 1∶1∶1 molar ratio. At high ionic strength the myosin had high Ca-ATPase and K-EDTA-ATPase activities and low Mg-ATPase activity. At low ionic strength, the Mg-ATPase was activated to a low level by rabbit muscle actin. The myosin was found to decorate F-actin in the absence, but not the presence of ATP. In low ionic strength solutions, the myosin assembled into characteristic bipolar filaments. The distribution of this myosin in the adrenal medulla and of cross-reacting myosin in several other bovine tissues was determined with the use of antimedullary myosin immunoglobulin G as a specific stain that was detected by direct and indirect immunofluorescence. In the medulla strong staining was seen between the chords of chromaffin cells indicating the presence of a highly muscular vasculature that may perform functions analogous to those of the myoepithelium of exocrine glands. The chromaffin cells showed weak positive staining around the nuclei and in a pattern radiating toward adjacent blood vessels. Cells of the inner zone of the adrenal cortex showed strong staining in the peripheral cytoplasm while cells in the intermediate and outer zones did not stain. In a blood smear, platelets and the cytoplasm of leukocytes stained strongly while erythrocytes did not stain. In striated muscle and the gray and white matter of the cerebrum only the capillaries and larger vessels stained. In the liver the phagocytic cells bordering vascular sinuses stained strongly while the hepatocytes were separated from one another by a 2 micron trilaminar band possibly representing the microfilament web surrounding the bile canaliculi and associated with junctional complexes. The results suggest that myosin is present in several highly differentiated, non-motile tissue cells where it may play a role in secretion or other specialized functions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232821
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    Quantitative dünnschicht-chromatographische Bestimmung von aromatischen Aminen nach der Remissionsmethode (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 381-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Aminen, aromat. ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Remissionsmessung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung von aromatischen Aminen beschrieben. Diese werden dünnschicht-chromatographisch auf Kieselgel 60 F254 Fertigplatten in den Laufmitteln n-Propanol/Methanol/Wasser/Eisessig (65∶15∶15∶20; Vol.) oder n-Butanol/Wasser/Eisessig (66∶17∶17; Vol.) von den Begleitstoffen abgetrennt. Die getrennten Aminflecke werden entweder im Ultraviolett-Bereich oder nach Diazotierung im sichtbaren Bereich mit dem Chromatogramm-Spektralphotometer PMQ II nach der Remissionsmethode gemessen und anhand der auf derselben Platte aufgestellten Eichgerade ausgewertet. Die quantitative Bestimmung wird anhand der beiden Amine 5-Amino-2,4,6-trijod-isophthalsäurebis-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl-N-methylamid) (I) und 2,4,6-Trijod-3-aminobenzoesäure (II) in Röntgenkontrastmittelpräparaten (RKP) demonstriert. Sowohl im UV- als auch im sichtbaren Bereich, läßt sich in 3000 μg RK-Säure (RKS) noch 0,1 μg freies aromatisches Amin, das sind 0,003%, bezogen auf die eingesetzte Menge RKS, mit einer maximalen relativen Standardabweichung von 4% bestimmen. Diese Methode ist spezifischer und empfindlicher als die der Diazotierung in Lösung.
    Notes: Summary The aromatic amines are separated from impurities by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel 60 F254 precoated plates in the mobile solvents n-propanol/methanol/water/glacial acetic acid (65∶15∶15∶20; vol.) or n-butanol/water/glacial acetic acid (66∶17∶17; vol.). The separated amine spots are measured by the remission method by means of the TLC densitometer PMQ II, either in the u.v. region or, after diazotization, in the visible region, and evaluated on the basis of the linear calibration curve set up on the same plate. Quantitative determination is demonstrated by means of the two amines, 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid-bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl-N-methylamide) (I) and 2,4,6-triiodo-3-aminobenzoic acid (II), in radiopaque contrast media (RCM). Both in the u.v. and visible regions, it is still possible to determine 0.1 μg of free aromatic amine in 3000 μg of radiopaque contrast medium acid (RCA), or 0.003% in terms of the amount of RCA used, with a maximum relative standard deviation of 4%. This method is more specific and more sensitive than that of diazotization in solution.
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    Analyse von Desodorantien in kosmetischen Präparaten (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 135-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Desodorantien, Phenolderivaten in Kosmetika ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Phenolische Desodorantien in kosmetischen Präparaten lassen sich durch Umsetzung mit Echtrotsalz Al (Anthrachinondiazonium-chlorid-1) in wäßrig-alkalischer Lösung, Extraktion des gebildeten Azofarbstoffes mit einem organischen Lösungsmittel und anschließender Dünnschicht-Chromatographie schnell identifizieren. In den meisten Fällen ist die Abhängigkeit zwischen der Extinktion der Farbstofflösung und der eingesetzten Menge des betreffenden Desodorants linear, wodurch dann auch quantitative Bestimmungen möglich sind.
    Notes: Summary Phenolic compounds, used as deodorants in cosmetic products can be identified quickly by reaction with anthraquinonediazonium chloride-1 (Echtrotsalz Al) in aqueous alkaline medium, extraction of the azo dye with an organic solvent and separation by thinlayer chromatography. The relation between the absorbance of the coloured solution and the concentration of the deodorant concerned is generally linear; in these cases quantitative determinations are always possible.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00486992
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    Trennung und Nachweis von N-Heterocyclen auf CuSO4-imprägnierten Schichten (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 291 (1978), S. 366-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von N-Heterocycl. Verbindungen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; CuSO4-imprägnierte Schichten, Fluorescenz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch die charakteristischen Fluorescenzfarben und die Fluorescenz-Thermochromie der CuJ-Komplexe lassen sich N-Heterocyclen auf Chromatogrammen meist einwandfrei identifizieren. Eine wesentliche Vereinfachung wird durch die Verwendung CuSO4-imprägnierter Kieselgelschichten erreicht. Die Nachweisempfindlichkeiten insbesondere bei tiefer Temperatur ändern sich im Vergleich zur ursprünglichen Technik kaum.
    Notes: Summary N-Heterocycles can usually be identified with certainty through the characteristic fluorescence colours and fluorescence-thermochromism of the CuI-complexes. The use of CuSO4-impregnated silica gel layers facilitates the procedure considerably, and scarcely reduces the sensitivity of detection, particularly at low temperature.
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    TLC separation of some inorganic ions on p-toluidine impregnated layers (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 415-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Anorgan. Ionen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; mit p-Toluidin imprägnierte Schichten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00481570
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    Localization of thyrotropin (TSH) in the dog pituitary gland (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 399-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Dog ; Pars distalis ; Thyrotropin (TSH) ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the immunoperoxidase technique and antisera to the specific beta (β) subunits of bovine and rat TSH1, selective immunocytochemical staining was localized in a specific cell population in the pars distalis of the dog pituitary gland. These TSH cells were found to be positive to aldehyde fuchsin, alcian blue, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and aniline blue. With the performic acidalcian blue (pH 0.2) -PAS-orange G procedure these cells stained blue-purple, demonstrating FSH/LH cells (blue or turquoise), ACTH/MSH cells (redpurple) and PRL cells (orange-red). The TSH cells were further differentiated from other functional cell types of the pars distalis on the basis of their typical cytological features, intraglandular distribution and by immunocytochemical double staining. In the pars distalis of adult male dogs the TSH cells were mostly shown to be smaller in size and less numerous than in bitches in the anestrous phase of the sexual cycle. Moreover, cytological alterations in the immunoreactive thyrotrophs in the pituitary of male and female dogs generally paralleled the spontaneous changes in thyroid function associated with thyroid atrophy and/or pituitary insufficiency, and thyroid hyperplasia or goiter. In conclusion, because of their specificity and high potency, the antisera to the β-subunits of bovine and rat TSH represent an effective tool for the selective immunocytochemical localization of TSH in the dog pituitary. This allows the study of the morphology and function of TSH cells under different physiological, pathological and experimental conditions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224930
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    Immunocytochemical identification of an LHRH-producing system originating in the preoptic nucleus of the duck (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LHRH-neurosecretion ; Avian hypothalamus ; Vasotocin neurosecretion ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A fluorescent technique applying specific LHRH and vasotocin antisera was used for the immunocytochemical localization of the respective neurosecretory systems in the hypothalamus of gonadectomized, testosteronetreated and/or serotonin injected male domestic ducks. An immunoreactive (IR) LHRH-producing system, with perikarya located in the preoptic nucleus, could be traced through the ventral hypothalamus down to the external layer of the rostral and caudal ME, in close vicinity to the hypophysial portal system. An IR-vasotocin system originating in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei ran through the ventral hypothalamus, but terminated in (i) the external layer of the rostral ME, and (ii) in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220517
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    Immunocytochemical study of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 119-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurophysin ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Sheep ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An antiserum cross-reactive against ovine neurophysins-I-II and -III has been used in conjunction with the immunoperoxidase histochemical procedure to localize the cells of the sheep paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON). In order to describe the topographical distribution of the SON and PVN a study was made on the serial sections cut (a) transversely from rostral to caudal positions and (b) sagittally from lateral to medial positions of the hypothalamus. The cells of the SON, when examined in the transverse aspect, extended approximately 1900 μ caudally and when examined in the sagittal plane were contained within a lateral-medial distance of 4830 μ. In each case the SON cells lay adjacent to the optic chiasm. As sections were cut transversely, the cells of the PVN first appeared in a rostral position defined as 0 μ and close to the ventral lining of the third ventricle. This general ventral and ventro-lateral distribution of cells maintained up to a caudal distance of approximately 840 μ. From positions 1260–2310 μ there was a dramatic dorsal shift of the PVN cells which by this time had also extended laterally. The total rostral-caudal distance occupied by the PVN cells was 3150 μ. That the lateral-medial distance occupied by the PVN was small (1050 μ) was determined on examining the magnocellular nuclei in sagittal section.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220519
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    Morphology and synaptic connectivity of nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons in the guinea pig retina (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 297 (1999), S. 397-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Retina ; NOS ; Immunocytochemistry ; Synaptic connectivity ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Immunocytochemical methods with an antiserum against neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were applied to identify the morphology and synaptic connectivity of NOS-like immunoreactive neurons in the guinea pig retina. In the present study, two types of amacrine cells were labeled with anti-NOS antisera. Type 1 cells had large somata located in the inner nuclear layer (INL) with long, sparsely branched processes ramifying mainly in stratum 3 of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). The somata of type 2 cells (smaller diameters) were located in the INL. Some displaced amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer were labeled. The soma size of the displaced amacrine cells was similar to that of the type 2 amacrine cells. However, processes originating from type 2 amacrine cells and displaced amacrine cells stratified mainly in strata 1 and 5, respectively. Some cone bipolar cells were weakly NOS-immunoreactive. The synaptic connectivity of NOS-like immunoreactive amacrine cells was identified in the IPL by electron microscopy. NOS-labeled amacrine cell processes received synaptic input from other amacrine cell processes and bipolar cell axon terminals in all strata of the IPL. The most frequent postsynaptic targets of NOS-immunoreactive amacrine cells were other amacrine cell processes. Cone bipolar cells were postsynaptic to NOS-labeled amacrine cells in all strata of the IPL. Labeled amacrine cells synapsing onto ganglion cells were found only in sublamina b. A few synaptic contacts were observed between labeled cell processes. In the outer plexiform layer, dendrites of labeled bipolar cells made basal contact with cone pedicles or formed a synaptic triad opposed to a synaptic ribbon of cone pedicles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051367
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    Immunocytological evidence for oxytocin neurons in the human fetal hypothalamus (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 259-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Human fetus ; Oxytocin ; Neurophysin ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The use of antibodies against oxytocin or neurophysin enabled the detection by immunocytochemistry of oxytocin-neurophysin neurons in the hypothalamus in the human fetus. The perikarya of these neurons are located in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Immunoreactive neurons occur in the median eminence. The neurophysin immunoreactive neurons were more numerous than the oxytocin immunoreactive neurons. The specificity of the immunocytological reaction was controlled. The first oxytocin-neurophysin neurons are seen as early as the 14th week of gestation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222635
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    Simultaneous apocrine and merocrine secretion in the rat coagulating gland (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 495-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Coagulating gland ; Apocrine secretion ; Merocrine secretion ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunoelectron microscopy ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The coagulating gland of the rat synthesizes two prevalent secretory proteins (transglutaminase and 115 K) that are discharched in a different manner, one being secreted in an apocrine fashion (transglutaminase) and the other one in a merocrine way (115 K). Differences in the intra- cellular pathway and the release of either protein were studied using immunofluorescence on semithin sections, immunoelectron microscopy of preembedding-processed chopper sections and postembedding-processed ultrathin sections of rat coagulating gland. Immunohistochemical staining using an anti-transglutaminase antibody resulted in dense labeling of the cytoplasm of secretory cells and their apical blebs, whereas the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus were completely unlabeled. When, on the contrary, the anti-115 K antiserum was used, dense labeling of the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and the secretory granules was seen. Intraluminal secretion was also labeled, but the secretory blebs remained unlabeled. Our findings show that, in the coagulating gland of the male rat, the two secretory proteins studied are processed in parallel, but at completely different intracellular pathways. They are released via different extrusion mechanisms. Transglutaminase is synthesized outside the endoplasmic reticulum, reaches the apical cell pole by free flow in the cytoplasm, and is released via apocrine blebs, the membranes of which appear to be derived from the apical plasma membrane. The protein 115 K, on the other hand, follows the classic route, being synthesized within the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, subsequently glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus, and released in a merocrine fashion. The mutual exclusion of the two secretory pathways and the regulation of the alternative release mechanism are still unresolved issues.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051255
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    Immunoultrastructural expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in endothelial cell vesiculotubular structures and vesiculovacuolar organelles in blood-brain barrier development and injury (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 77-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Cerebrovascular development and injury ; Hemangioma ; Angiogenesis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Adhesion molecules ; Conventional transmission and high-voltage electron microscopy ; Mouse (C57BL ; SJL/J) ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Blood vessels from the vasculature of mouse brains during postnatal development and from human brain tumors (hemangiomas) removed at biopsy were examined immunocytochemically by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or high-voltage transmission electron microscopy (HVEM) to determine the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). In the mouse brains, ICAM-1 was shown to be initially expressed on the luminal and abluminal endothelial cell (EC) surfaces on day 3 after birth. ICAM-1 intensity increased on the luminal EC surfaces and labeled vesiculotubular profiles (VTS, defined in the present report) between days 5 and 7. After 2 weeks and at 6 months after birth, ICAM-1 labeling was weak or absent on the luminal EC surfaces. The hemangiomas presented a strong ICAM-1 reaction product on the luminal EC surfaces of small and large blood vessels associated with the VTS, with a weaker labeling of the abluminal or adventitial aspects of larger blood vessels. TEM of vesiculovacuolar structures (VVOs) within ECs from arteries and veins also demonstrated reaction product for ICAM-1 labeling. Three-dimensional stereo-pair images in the HVEM enhanced the visualization of gold particles that were attached to the inner-delimiting membrane surfaces of EC VTS, and VVOs, respectively. These observations raise the possibility that the neonatal leukocytes and tumor cells may utilize these endothelial structures as a route across the developing and injured blood-brain barrier (BBB).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051214
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    Periviscerokinin-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the American cockroach (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 159-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Neuropeptides ; Perisympathetic organ ; Myotropin ; Visceral muscles ; Immunocytochemistry ; Insect nervous system ; Periplaneta americana (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A highly specific polyclonal antiserum has been raised against periviscerokinin, the first neuropeptide isolated from the perisympathetic organs of insects (Predel et al. 1995). In this study, two different neuronal systems with periviscerokinin-like immunoreactivity were distinguished in the central nervous system of the American cockroach: (1) An intrinsic neuronal network, restricted to the head-thoracic region, was formed by intersegmental projecting neurons of the brain, suboesophageal ganglion and metathoracic ganglion. In addition, groups of local interneurons occurred in the proto- and tritocerebrum. (2) A typical neurohormonal system was stained exclusively in the abdomen; it was represented by abdominal perisympathetic organs which were supplied by three cell clusters located in each unfused abdominal ganglion. As revealed by nickel backfills, most neurons with axons entering the perisympathetic organs contained a periviscerokinin-like peptide. Immunoreactive fibres left the perisympathetic organs peripherally, innervated the hyperneural muscle and ran via the link nerves/segmental nerves to the heart and segmental vessels. All visceral muscles innervated by periviscerokinin-immunoreactive fibres were shown to be sensitive to periviscerokinin, whereas the hindgut gave no specific response to this peptide.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051222
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    Distribution, ontogeny and ultrastructure of somatostatin immunoreactive cells in the pancreas and gut (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 185 (1977), S. 465-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin cells ; Pancreas ; Gut ; Immunocytochemistry ; Comparative study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Somatostatin cells are numerous in the pancreas and digestive tract of mammals as well as birds. In the pancreas of chicken, cat and dog they occur in both the exocrine parenchyma and in the islets. In the rat and rabbit, somatostatin cells have a peripheral location in the islets, whereas in the cat, dog and man the cells are usually more randomly distributed. In the stomach of rabbits and pigs, somatostatin cells are more numerous in the oxyntic gland area than in the pyloric gland area, whereas the reverse is true for the cat, dog and man. In the cat, pig and man, somatostatin cells are fairly numerous in the duodenum, whereas in the rat, rabbit and dog they are few in this location. In the remainder of the intestines somatostatin cells are few but regularly observed. Somatostatin cells are numerous in the human fetal pancreas and gut. In the fetal rat, somatostatin cells first appear in the pancreas and duodenum (at about the 16–17th day of gestation) and subsequently in the remainder of the intestine. Somatostatin cells do not appear in the gastric mucosa until after birth. Three weeks after birth, somatostatin cells show the adult frequency of occurrence and pattern of distribution. In the chicken, somatostatin cells are numerous in the proventriculus, absent from the gizzard, abundant in the gizzard-duodenal junction (antrum), infrequent in the duodenum and virtually absent from the remainder of the intestines. No immunoreactive cells can be observed in the thyroid of any species nor in the ultimobranchial gland of the chicken. In the chick embryo, somatostatin cells are first detected in the pancreas and proventriculus (at about the 12th day of incubation). They appear in the remainder of the gut much later, in the duodenum at the 16th day, in the antrum at about the 19th day and still later in the lower small intestine. The ultrastructure of the somatostatin cells was studied in the chicken, rat, cat and man; the cells were identified by the consecutive semithin/ultrathin section technique. The somatostatin cells display the properties of the D cell. There was no difference in granule ultrastructure between somatostatin cells in the gut and the pancreas. The granules, which are the storage site of the peptide, are round, supplied with a tightly fitting membrane and have a moderately electron-dense, fine-granulated core. The mean diameter of the somatostatin granules is smallest in rat (155–170 nm) and largest in the chicken (270–290 nm).
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    Pigment-dispersing hormone-like immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system of the gastropods, Helix pomatia and Lymnaea stagnalis (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 339-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Pigment-dispersing hormone ; Immunocytochemistry ; Central nervous system ; Gastropoda ; Helix pomatia ; Lymnaea stagnalis (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract By using an antiserum raised against a crustacean β-pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH), the distribution and chemical neuroanatomy of PDH-like immunoreactive neurons was investigated in the central nervous system of the gastropod snails, Helix pomatia and Lymnaea stagnalis. The number of immunoreactive cells in the Helix central nervous system was found to be large (700–900), whereas in Lymnaea, only a limited number (50–60) of neurons showed immunoreactivity. The immunostained neurons in Helix were characterized by rich arborizations in all central ganglia and revealed massive innervation of all peripheral nerves and the neural (connective tissue) sheath around the ganglia and peripheral nerve trunks. A small number of Helix nerve cell bodies in the viscero-parietal ganglion complex were also found to be innervated by PDH-like immunoreactive processes. Hence, a complex central and peripheral regulatory role, including neurohormonal actions, is suggested for a PDH-like substance in Helix, whereas the sites of action may be more limited in Lymnaea.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051240
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    Immunohistochemical evidence of the presence of aromatase P450 in the rat hypophysis (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 419-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Hypophysis ; Aromatase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Morphometry ; Gender differences ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to analyze whether aromatase is present in the hypophysis of adult rats, we have performed an immunohistochemical study in young adult male and female rats. Our study has revealed that the hypophysis of adult rats contains aromatase, although marked differences are found between the sexes. The hypophyses of male rats have cells immunoreactive for the enzyme, 34.40% of these hypophyseal cells showing reaction. By contrast, cells from female rats show very little reaction, only 0.84% of them being reactive. No significant differences in the percentage of immunoreactive cells between one phase and another are observed during the estrous cycle. Our results point to the immunohistochemical expression of aromatase in the hypophysis of adult rats and at the same time suggest that its expression is sex-dependent. The enzyme may therefore be involved in the regulation of adenohypophyseal cytology by androgens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051248
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    Survival of rat MCH (melanin-concentrating hormone) neurons in hypothalamus slice culture: histological, pharmacological and molecular studies (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 297 (1999), S. 23-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Melanin-concentrating hormone neurons ; Lateral hypothalamic slice culture ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; In situ hybridization ; Competitive RT-PCR ; Leptin assay ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Hypothalamic slices containing the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) were prepared from 6- to 8-day-old rats and maintained in stationary culture for up to 35 days in order to analyse how well the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons survived. As previously reported for other brain areas, this method yielded a long-term well-preserved organotypic organization. Light- and electron-microscopic investigations showed that differentiation continued and that synaptic contacts developed in vitro. After a period of elimination of damaged cells and fibres, most of the remaining neurons and glial cells retained a normal morphology throughout the culture period. MCH neurons, in particular, survived well as attested by the strong immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization signals still observed after several weeks. In a comparison with the day of explantation, competitive reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the remarkable stability of the level of MCH mRNA at least until the 20th day in culture; after 30 days, the clear decrease in this level seemed to be correlated with a loss of MCH neurons, rather than with a decrease in MCH expression. After 10 days of culture, the incubation of slices in the presence of the hormone leptin (50 ng/ml) resulted in a strong decrease of MCH gene expression, suggesting that MCH neurons retained their physiological properties. Thus, the LHA slice stationary culture, especially between one and three weeks (i.e. after tissue stabilization and before extensive cell loss), appears to be a suitable method for physiological and pharmacological studies of these neurons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051330
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    Caveolin and its cellular and subcellular immunolocalisation in lung alveolar epithelium: implications for alveolar epithelial type I cell function (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Caveolin ; Caveolae ; Lung ; Alveolar epithelial type I cell ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Confocal laser scanning microscopy ; Rat (CD)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Caveolae are flask-shaped invaginations of the plasmalemma which pinch off to form discrete vesicles within the cell cytoplasm. Biochemically, caveolae may be distinguished by the presence of a protein, caveolin, that is the principal component of filaments constituting their striated cytoplasmic coat. Squamous alveolar epithelial type I (ATI) cells, comprising approximately 95% of the surface area of lung alveolar epithelium, possess numerous plasmalemmal invaginations and cytoplasmic vesicles ultrastructurally indicative of caveolae. However, an ultrastructural appearance does not universally imply the biochemical presence of caveolin. This immunocytochemical study has utilised a novel application of confocal laser scanning and electron microscopy unequivocally to localise caveolin-1 to ATI cells. Further, cytoplasmic vesicles and flask-shaped membrane invaginations in the ATI cell were morphologically identified whose membranes were decorated with anti-caveolin-1 immunogold label. Coexistent with this, however, in both ATI and capillary endothelial cells could be seen membrane invaginations morphologically characteristic of caveolae, but which lacked associated caveolin immunogold label. This could reflect a true biochemical heterogeneity in populations of morphologically similar plasmalemmal invaginations or an antigen threshold requirement for labelling. The cuboidal alveolar epithelial type II cell (ATII) also displayed specific label for caveolin-1 but with no ultrastructural evidence for the formation of caveolae. The biochemical association of caveolin with ATI cell vesicles has broad implications for the assignment and further study of ATI cell function.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051217
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    Structure and function of the human oocyte-cumulus-corona cell complex before and after ovulation (1999)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 206 (1999), S. 270-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cumulus oophorus ; Ovarian follicle ; Fertilization ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the human cumulus oophorus has been reviewed on the basis of scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations as well as of immunofluorescence data. Tissues sampled from preovulatory ovarian follicles and cumulus-enclosed oocytes and fertilized eggs (collected from the oviduct or obtained during in vitro fertilization procedures) have been evaluated from a microtopographic and morphodynamic point of view in order to better clarify the possible role of this population of cells. In particular, the following aspects have been studied and discussed: the presence of multiple close contacts (modulated by the interposition of the zona pellucida) between the oocyte surface and the long microvillous evaginations projecting from the inner aspect of corona cells surface (through these structures the intraovarian cumulus oophorus may control oocyte growth and metabolism up until the time of ovulation); the occurrence of different subpopulations of cells (steroid-synthetic cells, cells producing adhesive proteins, leukocytes, macrophages) in the postovulatory, extraovarian cumulus oophorus surrounding oocytes, zygotes and early developing embryos. All these elements found in the cumulus mass may positively act, through their paracrine activities, on the chemical composition of the microenvironment in which fertilization occurs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01288215
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    Interface between haustoria of parasitic members of the Scrophulariaceae and their hosts: A histochemical and immunocytochemical approach (1999)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 207 (1999), S. 84-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Haustorium ; Immunocytochemistry ; Interface ; Parasitism ; Defense mechanisms ; Scrophulariaceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The haustorial structure of three African parasitic members of the family Scrophulariaceae (Buchnera hispida, Rhamphicarpa fistulosa, andStriga hermonthica) has been studied with regard to the interface between haustoria and the invaded host roots. Immunocytochemical observations at the light and electron microscopical level were carried out with monoclonal antibodies against pectin. JIM5, JIM7, and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP), LM1. Lignins have been visualized by phloroglucinolhydrochloric acid staining. At the margin of the lateral interface (contact area of host root cortex and parasite cells), JIM5- and JIM7-labelled substances accumulate between parasite papillae and the host root surface indicating that pectins are implicated in sealing the parasite to the attacked host organ. The lateral interface is characterized by the presence of compressed, necrotic host cells, whereas the central interface (contact area between host stele and parasite cells) is generally devoid of host cell remnants. Phenolic substances and/or lignins can be found at the site of penetration of the haustorium into the host root. These observations and the fact that HRGPs accumulate at the host side of the interface support the view of, at least, a partial defense reaction in the invaded host root tissues. Within haustoria, HRGPs were restricted to differentiating xylem elements, implying a spatio-temporal regulation of HRGPs in developmental processes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01294716
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    Auxin-induced longitudinal-to-transverse reorientation of cortical microtubules in nonelongating epidermal cells of azuki bean epicotyls (1999)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 206 (1999), S. 27-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Auxin ; Azuki bean ; Cell elongation ; Epicotyl ; Microtubule reorientation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In epidermal cells of azuki bean (Vigna angularis) epicotyl segments, that were sequentially treated with an auxin-free solution and an auxin solution, cortical microtubules changed their orientation from longitudinal to transverse. Auxin caused the reorientation of microtubules from longitudinal to transverse in segments that were kept under anaerobic conditions and, therefore, showed no elongation, indicating that auxin can regulate the orientation of microtubules by a mechanism that does not involve auxin-induced change in the rate of cell elongation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279250
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    Immunolocalization of the cell wall components inPinus densiflora pollen (1999)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 206 (1999), S. 1-10 
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    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Arabinogalactan protein ; Cell wall component ; Immunocytochemistry ; Pectin ; Pinus densiflora ; Pollen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In order to compare cell wall formation in gymnosperm pollen with that in angiosperm pollen, the distribution of cell wall constituents in the pollen grain and pollen tube ofPinus densiflora was studied immunocytochemically with monoclonal antibodies JIM 5 (against non- or poorly esterified pectin), JIM 7 (against highly esterified pectin), JIM 13 (against arabinogalactan proteins, AGPs), and LM 2 (against AGPs containing glucuronic acid). In the pollen grain wall, only the outer layer of the intine was labeled with JIM 5 and weakly with JIM 7. The tube wall was scarcely labeled with JIM 5 and very weakly labeled with JIM 7. In contrast, the whole of both the intine and the tube wall was strongly labeled with JIM 13 and LM 2, and the generative-cell wall was also labeled only with LM 2. The hemicellulose B fraction, which is the main polysaccharide fraction from the pollen tube wall, reacted strongly with JIM 13 and especially LM 2, but not with antipectin antibodies. These results demonstrate that the wall constituents and their localization inP. densiflora pollen are considerably different from those reported in angiosperm pollen and suggest that the main components of the cell wall ofP. densiflora pollen are arabinogalactan and AGPs containing glucuronic acid.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279247
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    Immunolocalization of the petunia floral binding proteins 7 and 11 during seed development in wild-type and expression mutants ofPetunia hybrida (1999)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 208 (1999), S. 224-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Floral binding protein ; Flower development ; Immunocytochemistry ; MADS-box genes ; Ovule ; Transcription factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary DuringPetunia hybrida seed development, the MADS-box genes encoding the floral binding proteins (FBP) 7 and 11 are expressed in the seed coat and not in the endosperm or embryo. These proteins are thought to function as transcription factors and are essential for ovule formation inPetunia spp. Immunocytochemical methods were used to analyze the distribution of FBP7 and FBP11 after fertilization in wild type and ectopic and cosuppression mutants. During the first nine days of seed development the protein was found in the nuclei of seed coat cells, of both wild-type plants and plants which ectopically expressedFBP11. The signal for FBP7 and -11 proteins diminished during seed development, was first lost in the outer epidermis of the seed coat, then in the endothelium, and finally, at 9 days after pollination (DAP), the protein could not be detected anymore in the parenchyma cells of the seed coat. Although the distribution patterns in wild-type andFBP11 ectopically expressing plants are similar, the latter exhibited higher protein levels. A mild-cosuppression mutant ofFBP7 andFBP11, having only a total of 5%FBP7 and -11 mRNA, showed hardly any FBP7 and -11 proteins. The lack of FBP7 and -11 caused endosperm degeneration in the mutant at a moment when the protein had already decreased to an undetectable level in the wild type and ectopic expression mutant (i.e., at 13 DAP). It is suggested that till about 9 DAP a minimal amount of FBP7 and -11 is needed for the normal functioning of the seed coat during later stages, i.e., for transfer of nutrients to endosperm and embryo. Besides the immunocytochemical data on theFBP7 andFBP11 MADS-box gene products, the morphological analysis of wild type and mutants contributes details on early seed development inPetunia hybrida.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279093
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    Effect of cell-wall-digesting enzymes on physiological state and competence of maize coleoptile cells (1999)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 209 (1999), S. 246-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Zea mays ; Coleoptile ; Pectolyase ; Protoplast isolation ; Auxin ; Membrane potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Protoplasts are frequently isolated from maize coleoptiles with cell-wall-degrading enzymes such as pectolyase (PEC), mazerozyme, and cellulase. Incubation of coleoptiles with these enzymes caused rapid depolarizations of the membrane voltage (V M ). The depolarizing effect of 0.5% (w/v) mazerozyme or 1.5% (w/v) cellulase was unaffected by denaturation of the enzymes. In the case of pectolyase (0.1%, w/v), however, the active enzyme was significantly more potent than the denaturated enzyme in depolarizing coleoptile cells. Exposure to 0.1% active PEC but not to inactive PEC also caused an oxidative burst in coleoptiles and enhanced K+ efflux. Together this suggests that pectic breakdown products of the cell wall act as signal for wounding. Typically addition of 10 μM 1-naphthylene acetic acid (NAA) to coleoptiles causes a transient depolarization followed by a slow hyperpolarization of V M . However, in the presence of PEC, V M only depolarized in NAA. After PEC-treated coleoptiles were washed free of the enzyme, NAA caused only small fluctuations of V M . A similarly small V M response to NAA appeared in coleoptiles pretreated with heatdenaturated supernatant (SUP) from a protoplast isolation buffer, the latter suspected to contain the PEC-generated wounding signal. Comparable pretreatment of coleoptiles with PEC or SUP had no significant effect on the spontaneous and NAA-evoked acidification of the incubation medium. Pretreatment with SUP also had no significant effect on the NAA-stimulated elongation of coleoptile segment. Hence, PEC treatment of coleoptile tissue affects the membrane transport properties of the cells. This effect is partly maintained after removal of the enzyme from the incubation medium, an effect not significant for NAA-generated acidification and cell elongation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01453453
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of calcitonin-containing c-cells in the thyroid glands of different mammals (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 551-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: C-cells ; Thyroid gland ; Immunocytochemistry ; Calcitonin antibody ; Mammals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the thyroid glands of the horse, pig, deer, mole, and rat, C-cells could be demonstrated by means of the immunocytochemical PAP-technique using rabbit antisera against human calcitonin. Only in ruminants, the crossreaction between the intracellularly stored antigen and the antibodies used appeared to be incomplete.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224943
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of the hypothalamo-hypophysial vasotocinergic system of Lampetra fluviatilis (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 317-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Lamprey ; Vasotocinergic system ; Adenohypophysis ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary With the use of the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique at the light microscopic level, it was shown that the preoptico-hypophysial neurosecretory system of the adult migrating Lampetra fluviatilis is a vasotocinergic system. It does not synthesize vasopressin. The results are entirely consistent with earlier chromatographic and pharmacological indications that it produces little or no oxytocin-like peptide hormone. In the adenohypophysis, immunoreactive neurohypophysial peptidergic fibres are absent.
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    Electron microscopic immunocytochemical demonstration of separate mesotocinergic and vasotocinergic nerve fibres in the pars intermedia of the amphibian hypophysis (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pars intermedia of hypophysis ; Rana temporaria ; Mesotocinergic and vasotocinergic fibres ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary With the use of the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method at the electron microscopic level, it has been shown that the pars intermedia of the hypophysis of Rana temporaria contains a diffuse intercellular network of separate mesotocinergic and vasotocinergic nerve fibres.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219045
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    Morphological equivalent of the bifunctional role of somatostatin (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 211-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin (rat) ; Hypothalamus ; Fibers and perikarya ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the immunoenzyme bridge-technique at the light and electron microscopic levels, somatostatin can be demonstrated in the perikarya of the anterior periventricular nucleus, in the median eminence and in the parvocellular hypothalamic nuclei of the rat. In the latter regions the perikarya are negative, whereas a positive reaction for somatostatin is found in a delicate network of fibers and middle-sized granules of very small axons. In light of these results, the double function of somatostatin — as release inhibiting hormone and as transmitter — is discussed. The positive staining reaction in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis of male and female rats as well as in the subfornical organ, the nucleus dorsalis thalami and the nucleus medialis habenulae in female controls and pregnant rats is not due to somatostatin-containing structures, but partly to substance P and partly to a substance which could not be defined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219797
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    The origin of the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic fibres of the external region of the median eminence of the rat hypophysis (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 180 (1977), S. 443-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: External region of median eminence (Rat) ; Vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic fibres ; Hypothalamic lesions ; Adrenalectomy ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The origin of the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic nerve fibres of the external region of the rat median eminence was investigated by means of hypothalamic lesions, adrenalectomy and immunocytochemistry. The results obtained in bilaterally adrenalectomized animals with complete, or incomplete, destruction of the suprachiasmatic nuclei showed that, at least, the great majority of the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic nerve fibres of the external region of the rat median eminence do not originate from the suprachiasmatic nuclei. From the observations obtained in bilaterally adrenalectomized animals with total or subtotal destruction of both paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, it appears that the paraventricular nuclei must be the origin of (nearly) all the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic nerve fibres of the external region of the rat median eminence. The results strongly suggest that both types of fibres originate from all parts of the paraventricular nuclei.
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    Immunocytochemical study of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 180 (1977), S. 491-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pig ; Oxytocin ; [8-Lysine]-Vasopressin ; Specific localization ; Immunocytochemistry ; One hormone, One Neurophysin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synthetic oxytocin and [8-arginine]-vasopressin conjugated to bovine thyroglobulin were used to induce specific antibodies in rabbits. The specificity of the anti-oxytocin serum, and the suitability of the anti-[8arginine]-vasopressin serum for the detection of [8-lysine]-vasopressin, was evaluated by immunofluorescent studies of the respective hormones bound to Sepharose 4B particles. Oxytocin and [8-lysine]-vasopressin were specifically localized in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of the pig hypothalamus using the immunoperoxidase staining technique. After an examination of serial transverse and sagittal sections stained for either of the hormones we observed that: 1. In the rostral SON, oxytocin and vasopressin containing neurons were uniformly distributed; 2. In the caudal SON, most of the neurons contained oxytocin, but there were still a few ‘vasopressin’ neurons; 3. In the rostral PVN, the two hormones were evenly spread in neurons close to the third ventricle; 4. In the caudal PVN, the oxytocin and vasopressin containing neurons were differentially distributed, with ‘oxytocin’ neurons adjacent to the third ventricle, and ‘vasopressin’ neurons lateral to these and concentrated in the dorso-caudal PVN. In the cells of the PVN, there was evidence that the distribution of oxytocin and vasopressin is similar to the distribution of porcine neurophysin-II and porcine neurophysin-I respectively. This similarity is consistent with the one hormone — one neurophysin concept in the pig.
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    Immunocytochemical localization of the vasopressinergic and the oxytocinergic neurons in the human hypothalamus (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 184 (1977), S. 15-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human hypothalamus ; Magnocellular neurosecretory nuclei ; Suprachiasmatic nuclei ; Vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The human hypothalamic-neurohypophysial hormone-producing nuclei were investigated with the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) technique at the light microscopic level. The size, shape and location of the supraoptic, paraventricular, accesssory supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei were determined. It was demonstrated in the human hypothalamus, as well as in the hypothalamus of other mammals, that vasopressin and oxytocin are synthesized in separate neurons. In each of the nuclei of the magnocellular neurosecretory system, the distribution, ratios and structural features of the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons were determined. It was shown that the human suprachiasmatic nuclei contain numerous neurophysin-vasopressin-producing neurons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220524
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    Immunohistochemical localization of neurotensin in endocrine cells of the gut (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endocrine cells ; Gut ; Neurotensin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Comparative studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Endocrine cells displaying neurotensin immunoreactivity are found scattered in the jejuno-ileum of all mammals studied, including man. They are rather scarce in rat, guinea pig, rabbit and pig and fairly numerous in cat, dog and man. In most mammals the neurotensin cells predominate on the villi. Only in the dog are they more numerous in the crypts. In the chicken, neurotensin cells occur all along the intestinal tract. They are particularly numerous in the zone that joins the gizzard with the duodenum. The ontogeny of the neurotensin cells in the gut was studied in rats and chickens. In the rat, the cells are first observed in the jejuno-ileum immediately before birth. The adult frequency is reached 4–5 days later. In the chicken, neurotensin cells first appear in the colon in the 18 day old embryo and in the small intestine two days later (i.e. one or two days before hatching). A few days after hatching, the gut has achieved the adult number of neurotensin cells per unit area.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218696
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    Immunohistochemical localization of somatostatin in the human hypothalamus (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 184 (1977), S. 491-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Human hypothalamus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to identify clearly the nervous structures containing somatostatin in the human hypothalamus, an immunohistochemical localization of this neurohormone was performed at light-microscopic level. Using a antiserum specific to somatostatin and the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, we have found somatostatin in neurons with cell bodies in an area in the anterior hypothalamus corresponding to the infundibular nucleus. Somatostatin-containing fibers were also detected in the neurovascular zone of the pituitary stalk, suggesting that somatostatin is released in that region to reach the capillaries in the pituitary portal plexus. A large bundle of somatostatin fibers extending from the anterior part of the paraventricular nucleus up to the posterior portion of the mammillary bodies has also been detected. The role of these fibers still remains to be clarified.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220972
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    Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of thyroglobulin in the thyroid gland of the anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., during its upstream migration (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 187 (1978), S. 473-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid gland ; Immunocytochemistry ; Thyroglobulin ; Petromyzon marinus L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antibodies made against thyroglobulin (TG) were used in an immunocytochemical study for the light and electron microscopic localization of TG in the thyroid gland of the anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, during its upstream migration. TG was found in the follicular lumen and in some colloid droplets within the follicular cells. Except for an immunoreactive product observed in a small portion of the interstitial connective tissue, the location of TG in the lamprey was similar to that in the thyroid of the rat.
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    Immunocytochemical study of the neurohypophysial hormone producing system of the lungfish, Protopterus aethiopicus (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 190 (1978), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Dipnoi (Protopterus) ; Neurohypophysial hormones ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) technique at the light microscopic level, it has been shown that, in the dipnoan preoptico-hypophysial neurosecretory system, vasotocin and mesotocin are synthesized in separate neurons. In the preoptic nuclei, the perikarya of these two types of neurosecretory neurons are not located preferentially. The two types of neurosecretory perikarya give rise to separate vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic axons, respectively. The dipnoan median eminence and neural lobe contain separate vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic nerve fibres, the general distribution of which is described. In the pars distalis and the pars intermedia of the hypophysis, neurohypophysial hormone-containing nerve fibres have not been found.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210037
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  • 75
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    Effect of cyproterone acetate, d-norgestrel and progesterone on cells of the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis in the beagle bitch (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 205-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cyproterone acetate ; d-Norgestrel ; Progesterone ; Pars distalis ; adenohypophysis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Dog (Beagle)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of short-term (8 weeks) treatment with different doses of cyproterone acetate (CPA), d-norgestrel (d-N) and progesterone on cells of the pars distalis, as revealed by the immunoperoxidase technique, were studied in cycle-synchronized beagle bitches (first anoestrus). Pituitary glands from non-treated primiparous beagle bitches at the 6th and 9th week of pregnancy were also included. For immunochemical staining specific antisera to the following hormones were used: canine GH, canine PRL, porcine ACTH, bovine TSHβ, bovine LHβ and human FSHβ. Morphological features of high secretory activity in GH cells were evident even after the human oral contraceptive doses of CPA and d-N, and after a dose as low as 0.1 mg/kg/day subcutaneously (s.c.) of progesterone. In contrast, PRL cells did not show any significant treatment-related effects except in those animals which received the highest dose of d-N (0.5 mg/kg/day per os). In this group, as well as in all pregnant bitches, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of PRL cells were found. In the animals treated with the highest doses of CPA (4.0 mg/kg/day per os) and progesterone (42.5 mg/kg/day s.c.) as well as in pregnant bitches, ACTH/MSH and TSH cells showed marked atrophy and regressive changes. Similar morphological signs of depressed secretory activity were also observed in the cells shown to contain FSHβ and/or LHβ as a result of treatment with the highest dose of progesterone and at the 9th week of pregnancy. These structural responses indicate that quantitative and/or qualitative differences may exist between progesterone, the synthetic progesterone derivative CPA and the nortestosterone type progestagen d-N with regard to their effect on pituitary hormone secretion in the beagle bitch.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222420
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    Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies on the cytodifferentiation of duodenal endocrine cells (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 79-102 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Duodenum ; Endocrine cells ; Differentiation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development and cytodifferentiation of endocrine cells that produce the gastrointestinal hormones gastrin, cholecystokinin and secretin have been studied by a combined fluorescence-cytochemical, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural approach. The results show that, during development, several ultrastructurally distinct cell types exhibit COOH-terminal gastrin and cholecystokinin immunoreactivity. Furthermore, some cells simultaneously contain both gastrin- and cholecystokinin-specific antigenic determinants. Studies on the time course of development of gastrin and cholecystokinin cells, together with the above-mentioned data, suggest that gastrin cells may be converted into cholecystokinin cells in development. During this period, gastrin, cholecystokinin and secretin cells store the biogenic monoamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine a feature not displayed by the adult counter-parts of these cells. In the adult duodenum, characteristic enterochromaffin (EC) cells store 5-hydroxytryptamin for which, evidence for a possible hormonal role has been presented. Taken together, our data indicate that the differentiation of duodenal endocrine cells occurs in distinct steps, each involving a restriction in the biosynthetic repertoire of the cell.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209235
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    Distribution, ontogeny and ultrastructure of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells in the pancreas and gut of the chicken (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 377-386 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Gut ; Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells in the pancreas and gut of chickens were studied by immunocytochemistry. In the pancreas PP cells were numerous and disseminated in the exocrine parenchyma. In this location they were first seen at the 9th day of incubation, i.e. several days after the appearance of glucagon, insulin and somatostatin cells. Very large numbers of these cells occurred from about the 14th day until shortly after hatching when the PP cell frequency was somewhat reduced. At the 17th day of incubation PP cells appeared in the duodenum. Subsequently the number of PP cells in the duodenum increased, and PP cells began to appear also in the jejunum-ileum (19th day) and in the proventriculus and colon (21st day). At hatching and a few days thereafter, PP cells were relatively numerous in the small intestines but much less frequent in the proventriculus and colon. One week after hatching PP cells had disappeared from the colon but remained in the proventriculus and small intestines. Ultrastructurally the PP cell was clearly distinguishable from the insulin, glucagon and somatostatin cells. It was characterized by the presence of spherical cytoplasmic granules which were membrane-bound and moderately electron dense. Areas of firm adhesion between PP cells and acinar cells in the form of desmosomes and possibly also gap junctions were observed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236159
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  • 78
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    Identification by immunofluorescence of prolactin-and somatotropin-producing cells in the pituitary gland of the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum, Shaw) (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 497-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Mexican axolotl ; Prolactin ; Somatotropin ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The indirect immunofluorescence procedure was used to identify prolactin (LTH)-and somatotropin (STH)-producing cells in the pituitary of the Mexican axolotl. Histological staining techniques were employed to corroborate immunocytological results. The LTH cells are large, orange-staining cells (acidophils 1) distributed in the posterior two-thirds of the pars distalis. The STH cells are small, erythrosinophilic elements (acidophils 2) principally concentrated in the dorsal part of the pars distalis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236168
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  • 79
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    Effect of cyproterone acetate on cells of the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis in the Beagle Bitch (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 183 (1977), S. 177-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cyproterone acetate ; Pars distalis ; Adenohypophysis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Dog (Beagle)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of oral administration of 100 mg per kg per day cyproterone acetate (CPA) for four weeks on cells of the pars distalis, as revealed by the immunoperoxidase technique and chemical staining, were studied in the ovariectomized beagle bitch. For immunochemical staining antisera to the following hormones were used: canine GH, canine PRL, porcine ACTH, bovine TSHβ, bovine LHβ and human FSHβ1. The most striking effects of the treatment were an overall increase in the relative proportion of GH cells and a marked morphological indication of high secretory activity in these cells. In contrast, PRL cells were not affected significantly. In all ovariectomized control bitches a marked atrophy of the cells stained for FSHβ (FSH cells) and hypertrophy of the cells shown to contain LHβ(LH cells) were observed. FSH cells became enlarged, while LH cells appeared reduced in size by administration of CPA. In some treated bitches ACTH/MSH cells showed atrophy and regressive changes, whereas TSH cells seemed to become enlarged and were more densely arranged. These structural responses indicate that, in addition to its partial antigonadotropic properties, CPA as a synthetic progesterone derivative may stimulate GH secretion and possibly suppress CRH-ACTH activity in the ovariectomized beagle bitch.
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    Immunocytochemical study of the ontogenesis of the hypothalamic somatostatin-containing neurons in the human fetus (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 183 (1977), S. 319-328 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Human fetus ; Somatostatin ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical techniques have enabled us to characterize the hypothalamic somatostatin system in the human fetus and to study its ontogenesis. Somatostatin-containing neurons appear as early as the 16th week of fetal life. Their perikarya belong to two distinct cell populations: some of them, of large size, form clusters in the magno-cellular nuclei (S.O.N.-P.V.N.); they seem to be neurophysin-positive. The others, parvo-cellular, lie scattered in ventral periventricular areas; they are neurophysin-negative. Most of the immunoreactive fibers pass through the M.E. and terminate in two distinct territories: on the one hand close to the vessels of the primary portal plexus (these territories being neurophysin-negative) and on the other hand, in the peripheral regions of the neural lobe (these territories being neurophysin-positive). The staining reactions obtained with the anti-somatostatin and anti-neurophysin I.S. suggest the existence of 2 hypothalamic somatostatin systems. The former (neurophysin-negative) which appears to originate from the parvocellular perikarya and which terminates in the M.E., controlling adenohypophyseal cells, the latter (neurophysin-positive) originating from one of the S.O.N. and P.V.N. cell populations appears to terminate in the neural lobe. The existence of the latter system suggested by the results of the present and the preceding studies on other species has yet to be fully established.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220639
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    Localization of gonadotrophic hormones in the dog pituitary gland (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 183 (1977), S. 167-175 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Gonadotrophic hormones (FSH, LH) ; Pituitary gland ; Dog (Beagle)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the immunoperoxidase technique and antisera to the specific beta (β) subunits of FSH and LH1, selective immunochemical staining was localized mostly in the same cell type in the pars distalis and pars tuberalis of the dog pituitary gland. However, some cells were consistently shown to react solely with antisera to either LHβ or FSHβ. The cells stained for FSHβ were at least 1.5 times less numerous than those shown to contain LHβ. In the pars distalis of adult male dogs the immunoreactive gonadotrophs varied greatly in their relative proportion and were mostly shown to be much less numerous than in bitches in the anestrus phase of the sexual cycle. These cells were found to be positive to aldehyde fuchsin, alcian blue, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and aniline blue. The performic acid-alcian blue (pH 0.2)-PAS-orange G procedure stained the FSH/LH cells blue or turquoise, demonstrating TSH cells (blue-purple), ACTH/MSH cells (red-purple) and PRL cells (orange-red). The FSH/LH cells were further differentiated from other functional cell types of the pars distalis on the basis of their typical cytological features, intraglandular distribution and by immunochemical double staining. These observations support the concept that the one cell-one hormone theory may not apply to gonadotrophic hormones, although some cells seem to be the source of either FSH or LH.
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    Identification of the LH and TSH-secreting cells in the pituitary gland of the rhesus monkey (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 190 (1978), S. 151-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Rhesus monkey ; Immunocytochemistry ; Luteinizing hormone ; Thyroid stimulating hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pituitary glands from juvenile (pre-pubertal) and adult male and female rhesus monkeys were examined following immunocytochemical staining with antisera to the beta subunits of ovine luteinizing hormone (LHβ) and of human thyroid stimulating hormone (TSHβ). The LHβ antiserum reacts with a cell that is PAS-positive, occurs singly and is randomly distributed throughout the pars distalis. The diameter of these cells is approximately 11.5 μm. They do not seem to vary in number in either juveniles (pre-pubertals) or adults, or in males or females. There appears to be fewer LH cells in the pituitary glands of pregnant and lactating females. In addition to staining cells in the pars distalis, the antiserum also reacts with a population of cells located in the pars tuberalis. The cells that stain with the anti-TSHβ serum are confined primarily to the pars distalis. They are approximately 15.8 μm in diameter and are generally found in groups or clusters located in the anterior and medial regions of the gland. The TSH cells vary in number from one animal to another; however, this variability is unrelated to the age or the sex of the animals. No demonstrable changes occur in the number of TSH cells during pregnancy or lactation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210044
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  • 83
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    Effect of 17β-estradiol on cells stained for FSHβ and/or LHβ in the dog pituitary gland (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 211-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: 17β-estradiol ; Pituitary gland ; Dog (Beagle) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Glycoprotein hormones (FSH, LH, TSH)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of long-term treatment (52 weeks) with high doses of 17β-estradiol (1.28 mg/kg/week intramuscularly) on gonadotrophs was studied in the pituitary gland of the beagle bitch. For immunochemical staining the immunoperoxidase technique and antisera to the specific beta (β) subunits of FSH and LH were employed. For control purposes antisera to the following hormones were also used: bovine TSHβ, canine GH, canine PRL and porcine ACTH1. In the pars distalis and pars tuberalis of control bitches, in addition to the cells which react solely with antisera to either LHβ or FSHβ, most cells were reactive to both antisera. The cells stained for FSHβ were less numerous than those shown to contain LHβ. TSHβ, PRL, GH and ACTH/MSH were localized in distinctly different cell types in the pars distalis of all control animals. In the treated bitches, almost complete regression of cells classically identified as gonadotrophs and stained for LHβ was observed. On the other hand, using the antiserum to FSHβ, selective immunochemical staining was localized in cells fitting the morphological characteristics of TSH cells. All these cells were also stained for TSHβ. However, a few cells were also shown to react solely with the antiserum to TSHβ. These cells, which seem to contain both TSHβ and FSHβ, were further clearly differentiated from PRL, GH and ACTH/MSH cells on the basis of their cytological features, intraglandular distribution and by immunochemical double staining. These observations support the concept that the one cell-one hormone theory may not necessarily apply to the glycoprotein hormones of the dog pituitary gland.
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    Immunocytochemical localisation of prolactin and growth hormone in the ovine pituitary (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 327-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prolactin ; Growth hormone ; Ovine pituitary ; Immunocytochemistry ; Granule size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical staining technique, prolactin and growth hormone cells have been identified and described in the ovine pituitary. The image analysing computer, Quantimet 720, was used to assess accurately the size range of the secretory granules in these cell types. The area size distributions of the prolactin and growth hormone granules are similar. An increased proportion of larger granules was observed in the prolactin cells post-partum. Serial sections stained alternately for prolactin or growth hormone confirmed that the cells contain either prolactin or growth hormone but not both.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220399
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of somatostatin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the domestic mallard (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 183-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin-containing neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Median eminence ; Immunocytochemistry ; Domestic mallard
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the hypothalamus of the adult domestic mallard, small to medium-sized perikarya are stained specifically with rabbit antiserum against cyclic somatostatin (PAP technique of Sternberger). The somatostatin-immunoreactive material is located in neurons different from those containing immunoreactive LHRH, vasotocin or mesotocin. Somatostatin-containing perikarya are observed 1) in a chain-like arrangement extending from the area of the median division of the supraoptic nucleus to the caudal end of the paraventricular nucleus; 2) as single cells in the preoptic region; and 3) as a conspicuous formation in the optic tract division of the supraoptic nucleus. In the rostral portion of the median eminence, somatostatin-immunoreactive axons penetrate into the external zone. Fine accessory fiber bundles project to the neural lobe.
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    Distribution, ontogeny and ultrastructure of the mammalian secretin cell (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 181 (1977), S. 361-368 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mammalian secretin cell ; Distribution ; Ontogeny ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemically, secretin cells have been demonstrated to occur in the duodenum and jejunum of several mammals. Calculations on the relative frequency of such cells indicate that the bulk of secretin occurs in the jejunum, a fact supporting the view that secretin may be released by physiological stimulants other than hydrochloric acid. Electron microscopical identification of cat and pig secretin cells confirmed their identity with the ultrastructurally defined S cells, and staining experiments revealed that secretin cells were argyrophilic both with the method of Grimelius and with that of Hellerström and Hellman. Secretin cells are detected already in the 17-day old fetal rat duodenum and show a developmental pattern similar to that displayed by the gastrin cells. It is suggested that secretin may play a role in the early regulation of growth of the fetal gastrointestinal tract.
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    Localization of neurophysin in the rat supraoptic nucleus (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 467-473 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurophysin ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Neurosecretory granules ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Localization of neurophysin in neurons of the supraoptic nucleus was accomplished using an unlabeled-antibody, post-embedding, immunoperoxidase technique. Neurophysin was exclusively associated with neurosecretory granules within cell bodies of supraoptic neurons and their processes.
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    β-lipotropin in brain: Localization in hypothalamic neurons by immunoperoxidase technique (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 393-398 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: β-Lipotropin ; Hypothalamus ; Hypophysial portal capillaries ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary β-Lipotropin (β-LPH) has been localized in hypothalamus and pituitary of sheep and ox by the immunoperoxidase technique. In both species β-LPH was found in perikarya of arcuate neurons as well as in cells of the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary. A large number of immunoreactive axons were found in the arcuate region; some appeared to innervate other neurons and others projected to portal capillaries. Stained fiber segments were also scattered throughout the hypothalamus. The presence of β-LPH in hypothalamic neurons supports the possibility that brain β-LPH may be a precursor for opiate-like or other peptides which may be involved in neuromodulation or neurohormonal activities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224929
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    Identification of LSD and ergot alkaloids by thin-layer chromatography (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 283 (1977), S. 32-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von LSD, Ergot-Alkaloiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439765
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    Thin-layer chromatography of some ergot alkaloids (1977)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 284 (1977), S. 47-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Ergotalkaloiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464041
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    Detection and determination of dichlorovos (DDVP) in toxicological analysis (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 48-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw., Best. von Dichlorvos in Biolog. Material ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446021
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    Thin-layer chromatographic separation of some isomeric thiazolylbenzothiazoles (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 255-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Thiazolylbenzothiazolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; isomere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00453575
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    Über chromatographische Trennungen der Seltenen Erden (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 286 (1977), S. 50-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn, von Seltenen Erden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Verteilungsverfahren ; Tetrahydrofuran, Triphenylphosphinoxid, Paraldehyd, Di-iso-propyläther-Tetrahydrofuran
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Verteilungskonstanten von Selten-Erd-Nitraten im System Tributylphosphat-wäßrige Nitrat-Lösung werden berechnet. Dünnschicht-chromatographisch können mit Tributylphosphat in Isooctan als Laufmittel die Selten-Erd-Nitrate von La bis Gd vom Gd bis Lu getrennt werden. Eine Trennung von 13 Seltenen Erden auf einem Chromatogramm gelingt mit den Laufmitteln a) Tetrahydrofuran/Paraldehyd/Salpetersäure (20∶70∶10), b) dem Laufmittel Triphenylphosphinoxid (0,3 M in Paraldehyd) und konz. Salpetersäure im Verhältnis 90∶10, c) Di-iso-propyläther/Tetrahydrofuran/Salpetersäure (100 ∶ 60 ∶ 10). Der Trennmechanismus wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The distribution constants of the rare earth nitrates in the system tri-n-butylphosphate/aqueous nitrate solution are calculated. With thin-layer chromatography it is possible to separate the rare earth nitrates from La to Gd and from Gd to Lu in the solvent system tri-n-butylphosphate in i-octane. A separation of 13 rare earths in only one chromatogram is possible in the solvent systems a) tetrahydrofuran/paraldehyde/nitric acid (20∶70∶10), b) tri-phenylphosphinoxide (0.3 M in paraldehyde)/conc. nitric acid in the ratio 90∶10, c) di-iso-propylether/tetrahydrofuran/nitric acid (100∶60∶10). The mechanism of the separation is discussed.
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    A simple procedure for the chromatographic isolation and determination of prostaglandins from human seminal plasma (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 45-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Prostaglandinen in Sperma ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A relatively simple procedure for the isolation and determination of the prostaglandins present in human seminal fluid is described. It involves preliminary chromatographic purification of these compounds from the major non-prostaglandin impurities followed by their total elution in one solvent (one-step elution). The prostaglandins thus obtained were almost free from other lipids and were further resolved into prostaglandin-groups and individual prostaglandins by repeated thin-layer chromatography. Data are also presented for prostaglandin contents of fresh semen samples from five individuals and results compared with those from the stored samples.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Verfahren umfaßt eine chromatographische Abtrennung der Verbindungen von den hauptsächlichsten Verunreinigungen und die Gesamtelution mit einem Lösungsmittel. Die von anderen Lipiden fast völlig freien Prostaglandine werden durch wiederholte Dünnschicht-Chromatographie in Gruppen und Einzelverbindungen getrennt. Werte werden angegeben über die Prostaglandingehalte von frischem im Vergleich zu gelagertem Sperma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00482001
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    Trennung und Identifizierung von Inhaltsstoffen der HCH-Salbe „Antiskabiosum“ an Fertigfolien für die Dünnschicht-Chromatographie (Reinheitsprüfung) (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 237-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von HCH-Salbe ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00491816
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T.L.C. separation of some closely related potential antidiabetic 3,5-dimethyl-4-arylazoisoxazoles (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 238-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Dimethylarylazoisoxazolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00491817
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Steuergerät zur automatischen spektralphotometrischen Direktauswertung von Dünnschicht-Chromatogrammen (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Steuergerät zur automatischen Registrierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Gerät zur vollautomatischen Steuerung eines DC-Spektralphotometers wurde entwickelt. Zusätzlich zur automatischen Registrierung aller Spuren eines Dünnschicht-Chromatogramms werden Remissionsminima erkannt und ihre Remissionsgrade und Ortskoordinaten ausgedruckt. Eine zweite Betriebsart ermöglicht ein manuelles Abrastern und Ausmessen eines Fleckes an jeder beliebigen Stelle der DC-Platte. Ein Rechneranschluß zur Auswertung der Meßergebnisse ist vorhanden. An Hand von Beispielen wird gezeigt, daß Reproduzierbarkeits- und Konzentrationsfehler bei der automatischen Registrierung strichförmiger Flecke wesentlich kleiner sind als bei Handpositionierung kreisförmiger Flecke. Die Linearität verschiedener Analysenfunktionen wird über 2 Zehnerpotenzen der Strichbelegung untersucht. Dabei erweist sich die Kubelka-Munk-Funktion in bezug auf Linearität allen anderen untersuchten Funktionen überlegen. Eine Kosten-Nutzen-Rechnung zeigt, daß in einem Routinelabor durch Einsatz eines Auftragegerätes und eines Steuergerätes für die automatische Registrierung trotz höherer Investitionskosten die Gesamtkosten einer Analyse um 70% gesenkt werden können.
    Notes: Abstract An instrument has been constructed for the automatic control of a TLC spectrophotometer. In addition to the automatic scanning of all tracks of a thin-layer chromatogram the positions and values of diffuse reflectance minima are recognized and printed. A second mode allows the manual scanning and measurement of a spot at any position on the TLC plate. A digital output is provided for the evaluation of the results with a computer. The errors of reproducibility and of concentration are much smaller using the automatic scanning of bands than using the manual positioning of circular spots as the examples show. The linearity of several analytical functions is analysed within two decades of concentration. The Kubelka-Munk function was found to be superior in linearity to all other functions studied. Calculations of costs show, that the total costs of an analysis in a routine laboratory can be lowered to an extend of about 70% by the use of an application instrument and a controlling instrument for automatic scanning inspite of the higher costs of investments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00573709
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    TLC Separation of potential antifertility agents: N-aryl-N′-2(p-methoxybenzoylbenzofuranyl)thiosemicarbazones (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 270-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Aryl-p-methoxybenzoylbenzofuranyl-thiosemicarbazonen, Contraceptiva ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00453591
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  • 99
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    Dünnschicht-chromatographischer Nachweis herbicider Verbindungen durch Dansylierung (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 286 (1977), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Herbiciden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Dansylierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion von Dansylchlorid mit verschiedenen Herbiciden und Derivaten, die Aminogruppen enthalten oder zu Anilinen hydrolysierbar sind, wird beschrieben. Auf der Dünnschichtplatte lassen sich die fluorescierenden Stoffe gut trennen und identifizieren, was anhand von schematischen Darstellungen der Dünnschicht-Chromatogramme gezeigt wird.
    Notes: Abstract The reaction of dansyl chloride with various herbicides and derivatives containing amino groups or hydrolyzable to anilines is described. On TLC plates the fluorescent substances can be readily separated and identified as shown by diagrammatic representation of the thin-layer chromatograms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00552357
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    TLC separation of closely related diols (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 286 (1977), S. 247-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Diolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01155598
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