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  • Spektralphotometrie  (30)
  • bioavailability  (16)
  • pheromone
  • Springer  (52)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Cambridge University Press
  • 1975-1979  (52)
  • 1976  (52)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (52)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Cambridge University Press
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  • 1975-1979  (52)
Year
  • 1
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    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1976), S. 315-317 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tolamolol ; bioavailability ; maximum exercise tachycardia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bioavailability of capsule and tablet formulations of tolamolol were compared by measuring plasma concentration of tolamolol and reduction in maximum exercise heart rate over a period of twelve hours in eight healthy subjects in a two-way cross-over study. Tolamol was absorbed more rapidly from capsules than from tablets; this did not result in any significant difference in the reduction in maximum exercise heart rate between the two formulations. There was no significant difference between area under curve of reduction in exercise tachycardia and area under curve of plasma concentration of tolamolol for the two formulations. Reduction in maximum exercise heart rate was related to logarithm of plasma concentration of tolamolol between two and twelve hours after both formulations.
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  • 2
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1976), S. 373-379 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Methyldigoxin ; repetitive doses ; bioavailability ; deep compartments ; oral and i.v. dose ; volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To obtain true half lives, glycoside elimination from six healthy subjects was studied for 14 days after multiple intravenous doses or oral administration of a daily maintenance dose of β-methyldigoxin 0.3 mg. After oral or intravenous administration of β-methyldigoxin ceased, the plasma concentrations declined from the 14th to the 16th days with a half life of 1.7 days. From the 16th to the 20th day a change from a shorter to a longer half life of 2.8 and 2.9 days was observed. Similar half lives were found in urine: after the last dose the initial slope from the 14th to the 16th day had a half life of 1.8 days, and the terminal slope had one of 3.2 days. The results indicate release of the glycoside from slowly equilibrating tissues.
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  • 3
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 231-236 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Digoxin ; beta-methyl-digoxin ; capsules ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intestinal absorption and urinary elimination rate of total cardioactive material was compared following digoxin and beta-methyldigoxin (BMD) administration to twelve healthy volunteers. Significantly more injected digoxin was recovered in urine. Urinary clearance was more rapid for digoxin, mean half-lives of elimination being 35 hours for digoxin and 40 hours for BMD. Calculated percentage intestinal absorption was lowest for digoxin tablets with a dissolution rate of 77% in one hour, intermediate for BMD tablets, and maximal for an experimental soft gelatin formulation of digoxin in solution. Respective mean values were 75%, 87% and 97%. Similar steady state plasma concentrations followed twice daily ingestion of the 0.25 mg digoxin tablets and 0.20 mg BMD tablets. Mean peak plasma concentration and percentage urinary recovery of ingested dose were higher during continued BMD administration. Between-subject variation in absorption was higher for the digoxin tablets. The comparative intestinal absorption of BMD and digoxin depends upon the formulation. Digoxin is virtually completely absorbed from a solution encapsulated in soft gelatin. Relatively more BMD is eliminated by nonrenal routes.
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  • 4
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 251-256 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Sisomicin ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; two-compartment analysis ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of sisomicin, a new single component aminoglycoside antibiotic related to gentamicin c1a, were determined in four healthy volunteers after intravenous and intramuscular administration of a 1 mg/kg dose. The elimination profile of this antibiotic follows two-compartment model kinetics after I.V. administration. The fast (α) and slow (β) disposition rate constants averaged 0.072 and 0.004 min−1, respectively. The volume of distribution at the steady-state averaged 0.185 liters/kg which approximately corresponds to the volume of extracellular space. The physiological availability of an intramuscular dose appeared to be complete. A method of administration adapted to the kinetic properties of the drug is proposed.
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  • 5
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 257-262 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug ; indoprofen ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a pharmacokinetic study of the new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug indoprofen, plasma levels and urinary excretion were determined in four healthy volunteers after 100 mg and 200 mg iv, and after 100 mg (capsules) and 200 mg (tablets) oral doses. After iv administration, the mean biological half-life (t1/2 β) was about 2 h (range 1.4 to 3.2 h). The apparent volume of distribution Vdβ ranged between 11 to 17 % of body weight, indicating its limited extravascular distribution. Most of the drug was excreted in urine as glucuronide and a smaller proportion as unchanged indoprofen: the 24 h urinary excretion of these compounds accounted for 67 to 95 % of an iv dose. Peak plasma levels occurred between 30 and 120 minutes after oral administration of 100 mg as capsules or 200 mg as tablets. The mean biological half-life was about 2 h, as after iv administration. The bioavailability of oral doses was assessed using both plasma levels and urinary excretion data. The absorption of capsules and tablets was practically complete, that of the former being faster.
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  • 6
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 101-108 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Cardiac glycosides ; methyl proscillaridin ; plasma concentrations ; electrocardiogram ; bioavailability ; 86Rb-erythrocyte assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to obtain data about the pharmacological properties of a new glycoside derivative in man. Plasma concentrations and ECG parameters were measured after oral and intravenous administration of a single dose of 1.2 mg methyl proscillaridin in 16 healthy volunteers, using a strictly randomized, two-period change-over design. Glycoside concentrations were measured using a modified86Rb-erythrocyte-assay. QT-duration, corrected for frequency (QTc), was the principal variable measured in the ECG. By either route, there was a maximum plasma level after 1 hour, which had decreased to a minimum at 3 hours, followed by a second peak at 4 to 10 hours (orally〉iv). From 10 to 72 hours the concentrations decreased with a median t 1/2 of 23.3 hours (iv) and 33.0 hours (orally). Comparison of the ratio of plasma concentrations following oral and iv administration resulted in a bioavailability of 69 % using the 48 hour plasma levels, and 59 % using the areas under the concentration-time curves. The mean QTc was maximally shortened to 28 msec at 1 hour after iv and to 19 msec at 10 hours after the oral dose. A distinct similarity between time-concentration and time-QTc curves was seen after the initial distribution phase, both after oral and intravenous administration. The new derivative shows a rapid elimination. Its bioavailability is reasonably high.
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  • 7
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 183-187 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hydralazine ; bioavailability ; pharmacogenetics ; first pass effect ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After oral administration of a single 50 mg dose of hydralazine (Apresoline®), the serum half-life (T1/2) and bioavailability (AUC0−∞) were assessed in 16 healthy volunteers. The half-life was 2.57±0.14 h (S.E.) in 10 slow acetylators of sulphadimidine, and 2.18±0.15 h in 6 fast acetylators (difference not statistically significant). AUC0−∞ was significantly higher in slow acetylators, at 1.04±0.10 µg·hour·ml−1, compared to 0.66±0.12 µg·hour·ml−1 in the fast acetylators (p〈0.025). Treatment with Apresoline® 25 mg tid produced minimum serum concentrations at steady-state of 57.3±7.3 ng·ml−1 and 33.4±4.2 ng·ml−1 in 8 slow and 5 fast acetylators, respectively (p〈0.05). The corresponding maximum concentrations were 228.8±20.3 ng·ml−1 and 147.6±15.0 ng·ml−1 in slow and fast acetylators, respectively (p〈0.025). First-pass metabolism of hydralazine could explain the difference in bioavailability of the drug between fast and slow acetylators, without any corresponding difference in the elimination rate of the drug in the post-distributive phase.
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  • 8
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 395-401 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hydralazine ; bioavailability ; polymorphic acetylation ; first-pass metabolism ; oral and intravenous dosing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The bioavailability of orally administered hydralazine was assessed in 4 healthy subjects after separate administration of a single oral or intravenous dose (0.3 mg·kg−1). Comparison of the areas under the serum concentration-time curves showed that 26 – 55 % of the oral dose was available to the systemic circulation as unchanged drug. The O - 24 h excretion of the drug in urine was rapid: 11.4 – 14.1 % of the dose after intravenous administration, and 2.0 – 3.6 % after an oral dose. Acetylation of hydralazine leads to formation of 3-methyl-s-triazolo-3,4,a-phthalazine (MTP) and a gas-liquid-chromatographic method for its measurement in urine was developed. After oral and intravenous administration, 0.8 – 1.2 % and 1.4 – 2.3 % of the dose, respectively, were recovered within 24 hours from urine as MTP. After oral administration there was a relative increase in the amount of MTP in every subject, which indicates route-dependent metabolism. The lower bioavailability of oral hydralazine could be explained in terms of first-pass metabolism.
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  • 9
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 55-58 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Penicillin V ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; dose ranging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An absorption study was performed in ten healthy volunteers to test the bioavailability of various doses of two penicillin V-K preparations: Isocillin® (Hoechst AG, Federal Republic of Germany), — tablets of 600 000 and 1.2 Mega U; V-Cillin® (Eli Lilly, USA), — tablets of 200 000, 400 000 and 800 000 U. The serum concentrations and elimination of the active substance in urine were measured for six hours after administration. Independently of the source of the preparation, a strict linear relation between the dose and the area under the serum curve (AUC), or between the dose and the urinary elimination, was demonstrated by regression analysis. The dose-dependent increase in the AUC was highly significant (p〈0.01) in the range tested, i.e. between 200 000 and 1.2 Mega U. The relative elimination of active substance in urine lay within narrow limits for all doses (35.7–41.3%). Thus, both compounds proved to have the same bioavailability.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Ampicillin ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; branded products ; proprietary preparations ; capsule formulation ; tablet formulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of three different brands of ampicillin were studied in 10 volunteers. After intravenous administration ampicillin can be described adequately by a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model. The half-life during the α-phase was 9 min and the β-half-life was in the range 50–60 min, independent of the mode of administration. Absolute bioavailability was determined from the ratio of the areas under the serum concentration curves obtained after oral and intravenous administration of equal doses. Bioavailability was also estimated by analysis of variance. The results indicated absolute availability of the three products of 39–54%. One of the products, a capsule formulation, showed a significantly lower bioavailability than the others, which were tablet formulations.
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  • 11
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Three-compartment open model ; intravenous infusion ; apparent volume of distribution ; renal insufficiency ; miconazole ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic profile of miconazole has been studied in normal subjects and in patients suffering from severe renal insufficiency; one group of patients was undergoing intermittent haemodialysis. A three-compartment open model was fitted to the observed plasma concentrations obtained after intravenous infusion of miconazole 522 mg over fifteen minutes. The rate constants of elimination and exchange between compartments computed for the three groups were not significantly different. The apparent volumes of distribution in the cases of renal failure not undergoing haemodialysis were significantly smaller than the corresponding control values. A computational procedure is described which reduces observations obtained after infusion to the case of a single rapid intravenous administration.
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  • 12
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 208-208 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Palladium mit 2-Chlorphenothiazin ; Spektralphotometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 13
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 364-364 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Titan(IV) ; Spektralphotometrie ; Extraktion als Thiocyanat mit Mesityloxid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 14
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 127-127 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kobalt mit 6-Nitrochinoxalin-2,3-dithiol ; Spektralphotometrie ; Spuren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 15
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 285-286 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kupfer mit 4-(2-Pyridylazo)-resorcin ; Spektralphotometrie ; Untersuchung der Komplexe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 16
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 364-364 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Nickel mit Äthylxanthat ; Spektralphotometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 17
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    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 4 (1976), S. 255-280 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: biliary recycling ; bioavailability ; biotransformation ; clearance ; route dependence ; enterohepatic circulation ; indomethacin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract There are no discernible quantitative differences in the biotransformation and the excretion of indomethacin following oral, rectal, and intravenous administration of indomethacin-14 C. Approximately 50% (range 24–115% for n=6) of an intravenous dose undergoes enterohepatic circulation. Thus the bioavailability of indomethacin to the systemic circulation may exceed the administered dose. Relative to the intravenous dose, indomethacin is 80 and 100% bioavailable from suppositories and capsules, respectively. Absorption and/or reabsorption appears to be more rapid and uniform by the rectal route. Recognition of the attributes of biliary recycling also helps to explain the observed variability in apparent plasma half-life, while their neglect requires alternative explanations for anomalies between the disappearance rate from plasma and the corresponding appearance rate in urine.
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  • 18
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    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 4 (1976), S. 337-353 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: bioavailability ; pharmacological data ; pharmacokinetics ; modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The use of data deriving from monitoring the time variation of the intensity of pharmacological effect(s) following dosing can often present an advantageous alternative to the more conventional approach of using chemical or radiological assay of blood and/or urine level data for bioavailability evaluations of drug products: bioavailability studies can be performed with drugs where no assay exists. A relatively simplified discussion of the general theoretical principles on which the use of pharmacological data is based and a stepwise description of the approach for its routine application in bioavailability studies are presented. Approaches for computing rates and extents of drug bioavailability vs. time profiles on analog and digital computers are qualitatively described and quantitatively presented in a subsequent report. The concept of preabsorption (gastrointestinal bioavailability) is introduced and biophasic availability of drugs to local sites of action is discussed.
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  • 19
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    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 4 (1976), S. 355-375 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: deconvolution ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; modeling ; pharmacological data
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mathematical expressions and approaches to the computation of rates and extents of drug bioavailability for implementation on analog and digital computers are derived. The equivalency of expressions derived on the basis of assuming compartment models to an approach based on using experimentally determined weighting functions is demonstrated. The relative merits of the two techniques are discussed: their application for use with temporal pharmacological data is emphasized. The applicability of the computational techniques to determining the availability of drugs at local sites of action (biophasic availability) and to computing preabsorptive drug release into the gastrointestinal contents (gastrointestinal bioavailability) is pointed out. An approach to computationally predicting in vivo blood level or pharmacological response vs. time profiles from in vitro dissolution testing results is presented and its limitations are discussed.
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  • 20
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    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 4 (1976), S. 327-336 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: bioavailability ; phenytoin ; capacity-limited elimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The bioavailability of phenytoin, a drug subject to capacity-limited disposition, was examined using linear and nonlinear pharmacokinetic techniques. The linear method (comparative areas) underestimates the essentially complete bioavailability of this drug from capsules (Epanutin, Parke-Davis). The error incurred in using area ratios is inversely related to the rate of absorption of the drug. The time course of absorption of phenytoin capsules is irregular and prolonged over nearly 2 days.
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  • 21
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    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 4 (1976), S. 521-535 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: carbamazepine ; single and repeated oral doses in healthy humans ; pharmacokinetic profile ; bioavailability ; enzymatic induction ; computer calculation of the elimination rate changes during treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetic profile of carbamazepine was studied in six normal humans after single and repeated oral doses. The plasma concentrations following single dose (100, 200, 600 mg) were fitted by a one-compartment open model. Using area as a measure, availability was constant in the dose range studied. The elimination half-life ± SEafter a single dose was 37.7±5.7hr; it decreased during chronic treatment to a calculated value around 21 hr. The steady-state plasma concentration, lower than expected from the single-dose study, was adequately predicted from the single-dose data when a correction was made for the increased elimination rate constant. The present findings contrast with the apparently unpredictable plasma levels reported during carbamazepine therapy.
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  • 22
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    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 187-193 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Malacosoma americanum ; tent caterpillar ; chemical trail substance ; pheromone ; trail-following behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The leaf-feeding larvae of the eastern tent caterpillarMalacosoma americanum (Fabricius) follow silk trails laid down on branches leading from their communal tent to distant foraging sites. The response of colonies reared in the laboratory under seminatural conditions to silk trails washed in methylene chloride and to chemical trails prepared from a solvent extract of their tent or trail silk, showed that one or more soluble components of their trail is essential to the elicitation of the following response. The demonstrated ability of the caterpillars to distinguish between old and newly reinforced silk trails most likely occurs in response to a temporal change in the detectable chemical properties of their trail.
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  • 23
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    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 211-220 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: chemical ecology ; hormone ; pheromone ; allomone ; kairomone ; synomone ; apneumone ; chemical communication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The terminology of chemical releasing stimuli is examined in an attempt to reduce some apparent confusion. Two new classes of interspecific chemical signals, synomone and apneumone, are proposed.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; mating ; Trogoderma ; Dermestidae ; Coleoptera ; behavior ; airborne pheromone ; calling ; Trogoderma glabrum ; (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Male mating behavior of the stored product pest beetleTrogoderma glabrum (Herbst) was analyzed into three major phases: arousal/searching, preliminary recognition, and genital (copulatory). Airborne pheromone released by calling females elicits male arousal via antennal sensillae. Contact chemoreception via male mouthpart sensillae appears to be necessary for copulation to occur. A procedure was developed for quantitative bioassay of presumptive pheromone compounds in both airborne and contact chemoreception. (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal, present in airborne pheromone, but not detectable in extracts of whole females, elicits both arousal and attempted copulation. The activity of (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal is equal to that of the total airborne pheromone. Activity of additional possible pheromone component candidates [including (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecen-1-ol, γ-caprolactone,n-hexanoic acid, and methyl (Z)-7-hexadecenoate] was investigated. Evidence for a behavioral role forn-hexanoic acid is presented.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: carpenterworm moth ; Prionoxystus robiniae ; (Z,E)-3,5-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate ; pheromone ; electroantennogram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennogram analyses of female gland extract and of male antennal responses to synthetic standards suggested that (Z,E)-3,5-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate is a pheromone component for the carpenterworm moth,Prionoxystus robiniae (Peck). The four 3,5-geometrical isomers were synthesized and bioassayed in the laboratory and the field in 1972, 1973, and 1974. TheZ,E isomer was found to be active in the laboratory and a good attractant in the field. The synthesis of theZ,E isomer also produced considerable quantities of theE,E isomer, which is difficult to remove completely. TheE,E isomer does not inhibit the response of males to theZ,E isomer when it is present in amounts up to 20% of theZ,E isomer. The addition of a keeper, a volatility modifier, or an antioxidant prolonged the activity of the attractant for as much as 43 days. (Z,E)-3,5-Tetradecadien-1-ol acetate may be a natural pheromone, but it has not been chemically defined from female extract. There is EAG evidence that a second pheromonal component may be present. The attractant nevertheless provides a tool for population survey, behavioral studies, evaluation of economic impact, and possibly control.
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  • 26
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    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 83-86 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; synthesis ; endo-brevicomin ; Dendroctonus frontalis ; D. brevicomis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract endo-Brevicomin for testing as pheromone for the control of bark beetles was synthesized in experimental quantities fromtrans-3-hexen-1-ol. Methods used were adapted from procedures for synthesizing ew-brevicomin.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; Gnathotrichus sulcatus ; Scolytus multistriatus ; Dendroctonus frontalis ; Dendroctonus pseudotsugae ; Ips pini Idaho ; enantiomeric composition ; seudenol ; sulcatol ; trans-verbenol ; chiral shift reagents ; 4-methyl-3-heptonal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Details are given for the determination of the enantiomeric composition of several insect pheromone alcohols. The two methods used in the determination were: formation of the derivative with (+)-α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethylphenylacetyl chloride and the use of chiral lanthanide shift reagents. The five alcohols studied and their enantiomeric compositions are: sulcatol fromGnathotrichus sulcatus 65∶35 (+)/(−),trans-verbenol fromDendroctonus frontalis 60∶40 (+)/(−), 4-methyl-3-heptanol fromScolytus multistriatus 100% (−), seudenol fromDendroctonus pseudotsugae 50∶50 (+)/(−), and ipsdienol fromIps pini (Idaho) 100% (−). Determinations were done on 50–500 μg substrate.
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  • 28
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 281 (1976), S. 143-143 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Platin(IV) mit Thiobenzhydrazid ; Spektralphotometrie ; Extraktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 29
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 281 (1976), S. 384-384 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Desoxyribonucleinsäure, Ribonucleinsäure, Protein ; Spektralphotometrie
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  • 30
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Spektralphotometrie ; Transformation Gaußscher Absorptionskurven
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The convolution of Gaussian absorption curves using orthogonal polynomials has been studied. An absorption curve can usually be considered as a sum of Gaussian curves. The p2-convoluted log A versus λ curve is independent of concentration and path-length and the optimum coefficient can be used as an index of purity for absorbing compounds.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Transformation von Gaußschen Absorptionskurven unter Verwendung von Orthogonalpolynomen wurde untersucht, denn in der Regel kann eine Absorptionskurve als Summe von Gauß-Kurven betrachtet werden. Der quadratische Polynomkoeffizient aus log A gegen λ ist unabhängig von Konzentration und Schichtdicke und kann als Reinheitsindex benutzt werden.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 47-47 
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    Keywords: Best. von Calcium, Magnesium mit SPADNS ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 141-141 
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    Keywords: Best. von Mangan(II) mit Kakothelin ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 220-220 
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    Keywords: Best. von Eisen mit Thiocyanat und Monooctyl-α-anilinobenzylphosphonat ; Spektralphotometrie ; Mischkomplex
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 222-222 
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    Keywords: Best. von Eisen(II), Kobalt(II) mit 7-Nitroso-8-hydroxychinolin-5-sulfonsäure ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 367-367 
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    Keywords: Best. von Polynitroverbindungen mit Borhydrid ; Spektralphotometrie ; aromatische m-Polynitroverbindungen
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 167-168 
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    Keywords: Best. von Sauerstoff, Partialdruck ; Spektralphotometrie ; org. Kobaltchelate
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 208-208 
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    Keywords: Best. von Methylenblau ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 207-207 
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    Keywords: Best. von Palladium neben Platin mit α-Benzoinoxim ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 280 (1976), S. 29-29 
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    Keywords: Best. von Platin(IV) mit Dithiooxamid ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 280 (1976), S. 21-23 
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    Keywords: Best. von Phosphat über Molybdänblau ; Spektralphotometrie ; Optimierung des Verfahrens
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This article discusses the optimization of a phosphate analysis via molybdenum blue, using both factor analysis and the simplex technique. As a result of this study, a final recommended procedure for the photometric determination of phosphate has been given.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Optimierung einer photometrischen Methode zur Phosphatbestimmung werden die genannten Methoden diskutiert und als Ergebnis der Untersuchung eine endgültige Arbeitsweise vorgeschlagen.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 280 (1976), S. 30-30 
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    Keywords: Best. von Titan(IV) mit Benzhydroxamsäure ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 281 (1976), S. 141-141 
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    Keywords: Best. von Jod in Pflanzenmaterial ; Spektralphotometrie ; Sandell-Kolthoff-Reaktion, Langzeitversuche
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 281 (1976), S. 361-364 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Eisen(III) mit Chinaldinsäure-N-oxid ; Spektralphotometrie ; Extraktion
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A simple and sensitive method for the determination of iron(III) is described. It is based on the extraction of the yellow-coloured complex of iron with quinaldic acid-N-oxide in chloroform. The absorption maximum is at 380 nm with molar absorptivity ε 380=1.03 · 104. Beer's Law is obeyed over the range 0.6–6 ppm iron with relative standard deviation of +-0.3% (Sandell sensitivity 0.005 μg/ml/cm2). The absorbance of the reagent blank is however high with consequent occasional disturbances, which are avoided when measured at 395 nm; molar absorptivity ε 395=7.4 · 103; effective concentration range 3–8 ppm iron with relative standard deviation +-0.5% (Sandell sensitivity 0.008μg/ml/cm2). A fairly large number of common ions do not interfere. Job's method of continuous variations and Asmus method indicate a iron-reagent ratio of 1∶3. Heterogeneous formation constant is K D =2 · 108.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die einfache und empfindliche Bestimmung beruht auf der Extraktion des gelben Komplexes von Eisen(III) mit Chinaldinsäure-N-oxid in Chloroform. Das Absorptionsmaximum liegt bei 380 nm mit dem molaren Extinktionskoeffizient ε 380=1.03 · 104. Das Beersche Gesetz gilt im Bereich 0,6–6 ppm Eisen. Die relative Standardabweichung beträgt+-0,3% (Sandell-Empfindlichkeit 0,005μg/ml/cm2). Die Absorption der Blindprobe ist jedoch hoch und verursacht manchmal Störungen, die beim Messen bei 395 nm vermieden werden; molarer Extinktionskoeffizient ε 395= 7,4 · 103; im Konzentrationsbereich 3–8 ppm Eisen beträgt die relative Standardabweichung+-0,5% (Sandell-Empfindlichkeit 0,008μg/ml/cm2). Eine ziemlich große Zahl von Fremdionen bewirkt keine Störung. Methoden nach Job und Asmus liefern ein Verhältnis Eisen/Reagens wie 1∶3. Die heterogene Bildungskonstante beträgt K D =2 · 108.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 281 (1976), S. 371-377 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Östrogenen, Androgenen, Sexualhormonen ; Spektralphotometrie ; Reaktion mit Schwefelsäure
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A detailed spectrophotometric study of the reaction of estrogens and androgens with 98% sulphuric acid at 20° C and of the effect of various dilutions with water on the nature of the spectra is presented. Dilution of the androgens-acid and estrogens-acid solutions with water to 40% and 80% v/v acid, respectively, increases the absorption intensity 3 to 11 times. The optimum conditions for determination of down to 2μg/ml of estrone, estradiol, ethinylestradiol, testosterone, and rostanalone and progesterone are reported. The results show a relative standard deviation of +-1.5 %.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion der Östrogene und Androgene mit 98%iger Schwefelsäure bei 20° C und der Einfluß von Verdünnungen. mit Wasser auf die Art der Spektren wurden eingehend untersucht. Verdünnungen auf einen Säuregehalt von 40% und 80% bewirken eine 3–11fache Zunahme der Absorption. Die optimalen Bedingungen zur Bestimmung von 〉2μg/ml Östron, Östradiol, Äthinylöstradiol, Testosteron, Androstanalon und Progesteron wurden ausgearbeitet. Die relative Standardabweichung beträgt+-1,5%.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 48-48 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Thallium(I) ; Spektralphotometrie ; indirekt mit Lucigenin
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 140-140 
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    Keywords: Best. von Vanadat, Chromat, Wolframat mit Triphenylmethanfarbstoffen ; Spektralphotometrie ; Kristallviolett, Malachitgrün, Fuchsin
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 141-141 
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    Keywords: Best. von Osmium(VIII) mit Trifluoperazin ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 143-143 
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    Keywords: Best. von Äthylenglykol in Propylenglykol ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 218-218 
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    Keywords: Best. von Kupfer mit Tetraäthylenpentamin oder Triäthylentetramin ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 221-221 
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    Keywords: Best, von Eisen(II), Kobalt(II) mit 2,4-Dihydroxy-3-nitrosopyridin ; Spektralphotometrie
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 462-462 
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    Keywords: Bestimmung von Vanadium ; Extraktion ; Spektralphotometrie ; Elektrolysegifte
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 460-461 
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    Keywords: Best. von Phosphor in Kupferlegierungen ; Spektralphotometrie ; Sn-haltige Cu-Legierungen
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