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  • ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING  (139)
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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: Die Pflanzengesellschaften verschiedener feuerländischer Hochmoore wurden nach der Methode von BRAUN-BLANQUET untersucht. Die untersuchten Moore liegen im argentinischen Teil von Feuerland in der Nähe von Ushuaia. Das vorhandene Untersuchungsmaterial läßt zwei neue Hochmoor-Pflanzengesellschaften erkennen: Carici magellanici- phagnetum fimbriati [und] Pernettyo-Sphagnetum. Das Carici magellanici-Sphagnetum fimbriati entspricht dem europäischen Caricetum limosae. Das Pernettyo-Sphagnetum gehört (nur dieses kann bislang gesagt werden) zur Oxycocco-Sphagnetea. Über eine endgültige Zuordnung kann erst entschieden werden, wenn weiteres Untersuchungsmaterial aus den Hochmooren der Südhemisphäre vorliegt. Die chemischen Kennwerte ähneln denjenigen der norddeutschen Hochmoore. Die höheren pH-‚ K-, Ca-‚ Mg- und Na-Werte zeigen die Meeresnähe der feuerländischen Hochmoore an.
    Description: The plant communities of various raised bogs of the Tierra del Fuego were investigated according to the method BRAUN-BLANQUET. The investigated bogs are in the Argentine part of Tierra del Fuego in the vicinity of Ushuaia. The available examination material shows two new bog plant communities: Carici magellanici-Sphagnetum fimbriati [and] Pernettyo-Sphagnetum. The Carici magellanici-Sphagnetum fimbriati corresponds to the European Caricetum limosae. The Pernettyo-Sphagnetum belongs to the Oxycocco-Sphagnetea. Further classification can be decided only after more material from the bogs of the southern hemisphere available for examination. The characteristic chemical values are similar to those of the North-German raised bogs. The higher pH-, K-, Ca-, Mg- and Na-values indicate that the bogs of Tierra del Fuego are close to the ocean.
    Description: Las comunidades vegetales de diferentes turberas sfagnosas de la Tierra del Fuego fueron estudiadas y analizadas de acuerdo con el método BRAUN-BLANQUET. Las zonas pantanosas se encuentran en la parte Argentina de la Tierra del Fuego, cerca de Ushuaia. En virtud del resultado explorativo del material disponible se pueden reconcer dos comunidadas vegetales nuevas en las turberas sfagnosas: e Carici magellanici-Sphagnetum fimbriati [e] Pernettyo–Sphagnetum. El Carici magellanici-Sphagnetum fimbriati corresponde al Caricetum limosae de Europa. El Pernettyo-Sphagnetum pertenece a Oxycocco-Sphagnetea. No se puede decidir sobre una clasificacion mäs detallada hasta que haya mas material exploacion de las turberas sfagnosas del hemisferio sur. Los valores caracteristicos quimicos se parecen a aquellos de las turberas sfagnosas del norte de Alemania. Los contenidos mäs elevados de pH, K, Ca, Mg y Ca demuestran que las turberas sfagnosas de la Tierra del Fuego se encuentran el mar.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:581.7 ; Moor ; Torf ; Vegetation ; peatland ; peat
    Language: German
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: For abstract, see N77-26620.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Terrest. Photovoltaic Meas., 2; p 161-182
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Advanced Thermal Control Flight Experiment (ATFE) is providing the first zero-g flight data for the performance of a thermal diode heat pipe and an electrical Feedback Controlled Heat Pipe (FCHP). The temperature stability derived from the melting and freezing of octadecane is also being evaluated in this experiment. Flight data for the different operational modes are compared to ground test data, and the performance of the individual components is analyzed. Also, the ATFE's long term behavior from launch through September 30, 1975, is evaluated. The temperature control capability of a thermal diode, phase change material, and FCHP was demonstrated over more than 500 days of flight operation and each of these components should be considered in future applications. Both the diode and FCHP transport more than 20 W in the normal and passive modes during maximum conditions. Up to 30 W has been carried by the FCHP when the auxiliary heater is applied. The "OFF-conductance" of the diode has improved substantially in flight. A 1.4 W decrease in backflow has been realized by more complete blockage. The variable conductance behavior of the FCHP is essentially unchanged with time and relative to ground tests. Degradation of the radiator and reservoir surfaces have resulted in a partial loss of control by the FCHP during normal mode operation; however, manual control at an elevated set point has demonstrated the FCHP's ability to provide regulated temperature control to within + or - 2 C. The same pipe when operated as a passive VCHP controlled at 35 + or - 10 C with the same test conditions.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: ESA Heat Pipes; p 629-643
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  • 4
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The performance characteristics and design of an ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) gate valve intended for experiments on high-power microwave tubes are described. Tests run on the valve indicate open/close cycles can run into the hundreds or thousands without trouble. The valve was baked at 450 C or higher for at least 4 h. Applications of the valve include evaluation of NASA-design multistage depressed collectors for high-power PPM focused helix-type traveling-wave tubes.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology; 13; Nov
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Tests results obtained with an ATS axial groove aluminum extrusion adapted for use as a cryogenic thermal diode and/or a variable conductance heat pipe are presented. Ethane at a nominal operating temperature of 185 C was used as working fluid. In addition to both active and passive gas control, diode designs utilizing gas blockage or liquid trap were investigated. Specific requirements and performance parameters such as transient behavior, reservoir sizes, shutdown energy, etc., were evaluated. Results are also presented for tests where the liquid trap was used as a secondary heat pipe to demonstrate thermal switching with simultaneous heat pipe operation and diode shutdown.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: ESA Heat Pipes; p 183-195
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Spacecraft applications that require the efficient cooling of high-powered components, the precise temperature control of sensitive electronic and optical components, and the protection of cooled components from temporary, adverse environmental conditions are increasing. Heat pipes using gas, vapor, liquid, or voltage control to provide variable conductance or diode thermal behavior have been and are continuing to be developed to meet increasingly difficult requirements. The various control techniques are critically evaluated using characteristic features and properties, including heat transport capability, volume and mass requirements, complexity and ease of fabrication, reliability, and control characteristics. As a result, advantages and disadvantages of specific approaches are derived and discussed. Using four development levels, the state-of-the-art of the various heat pipe temperature control techniques is assessed.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: ESA Heat Pipes; p 167-181
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Judicious choice of radiation dose and parameter change acceptance criteria, absence of anomalous anneal phenomena, and absence of anomalous reirradiation effects are recognized as essential for a successful irradiation-anneal (IRAN) screening procedure to ensure that no device will fall, upon reirradiation, above parametric limits assigned for the worst case application. Reirradiation and irradiation-anneal behavior of various semiconductor devices are compared and those that do not lend themselves to IRAN screening are singled out. Information needed to judge the suitability of an IRAN type screening program is detailed. Reasons for success of the limited IRAN screening of flight parts for the Mariner Jupiter/Saturn (MJS '77) spacecraft are indicated.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Sampled analog comb filter using a recursive filter implementation was studied. Charge transfer device delay lines were used as the delay elements. The similarities and differences between sampled analog recursive filter and digital recursive filter were pointed out. Both canceller type and integrator type comb filter using the first order or the second order canonical circuits were studied. Experimental results of frequency response are presented to show their difference from that of digital filters. A theoretical analysis was presented based essentially on the digital filter theory but modified to take into account the differences described above. The usefulness of this theory in analyzing the comb filter characteristics was discussed. Several applications of both the canceller type comb filter and the integrator type comb filter were demonstrated.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: JPL Conf. on Charge-Coupled Device Technol. and Appls.; 10 p
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The effect of dc bias in the approximate computation of spectra of Gaussian processes is determined by hard limiting.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: The Deep Space Network; p 53-57
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Overcoating constriction microbridges with semiconducting germanium provides additional thermal conductivity at liquid-helium temperatures to reduce the effects of self-heating in these Josephson junctions. Microwave-induced steps were observed in the I-V characteristics of an overcoated Dayem bridge fabricated in a 15-nm-thick niobium film; at least 20 steps could be counted at 4.2 K. No steps were observed in the I-V characteristics of the bridge prior to overcoating. In addition, the germanium overcoat can protect against electrical disturbances at room temperature.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Applied Physics Letters; 28; May 15
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  • 11
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A 32-cell silicon n-channel PCCD was fabricated and tested for charge transfer efficiency versus transfer time. A charge transfer time of 550 picoseconds with a 0.9998 transfer efficiency was obtained when operated in the uni-phase mode. These conditions correspond to an operating rate of 900 MHz when operated as an analog data or digital device.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: JPL Conf. on Charge-Coupled Device Technol. and Appls.; p 89-94
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The capacitance and conductance-voltage characteristics were measured on metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors fabricated with zirconium dioxide films on single-crystal lead telluride. At 77 K, on both n- and p-type substrates, evidence of surface potential control was obtained. Comparison of the measured capacitance-voltage characteristics with those calculated from the equilibrium solution of the one-dimensional Poisson equation indicated qualitative agreement, although the slope of the measured capacitance in the region near the capacitance minimum was less steep than calculated.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: JPL Conf. on Charge-Coupled Device Technol. and Appls.; p 45-48
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The interaction impedance of coupled cavity slow wave structures can be measured by perturbing the resonances of a shorted length of the structure using a dielectric rod. An analysis of this procedure is presented. The analysis retains radial as well as axial electric fields and all significant space harmonics. The results obtained are easily programmed formulas for calculating total interaction impedance or Pierce impedance using the experimental data.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-23; May 1976
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  • 14
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Recent software developments expedite design investigations of proposed new 64-m antenna structures. The software consists of programs to generate structure model data and a design program that chooses preferential cross sectional sizes of the structural members. Numerous new designs are summarized that can represent weight savings of from 25% to 50% with respect to the tipping weight of the existing Mars antenna. These designs provide a more favorable symmetrical support for the reflector backup and tend to provide superior surface accuracy for gravity, although not necessarily wind, loading on the antenna.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: The Deep Space Network; p 55-67
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  • 15
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is presented for calculating dielectric loss in microstrip lines. Numerical results for several different substrates are included. These are compared with other available results and experimental data.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques vol. MTT-24; Feb. 197
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Experiments were devised to study the angular variation of the resistance and noise properties of one- and two-level chevron stretcher magnetoresistive detectors for use in field access bubble memory devices. All measurements, made with an electronic system, were performed on glass or garnet samples upon which 1 micron of SiO2 was sputter-deposited, followed by 4000 A of Permalloy for the 28-micron-period devices and 0.8 microns of SiO2, followed by 3000 A of Permalloy for the 20-micron-period devices. The geometrical and drive-state dependence of the zero-state noise were studied, as was its frequency dependence. It is found that both types of detectors operate primarily in the amplitude-shift mode for drive fields of interest and that the presence of a bubble in a detector causes a magnetoresistance change equal to that produced by increasing the in-plane drive field about 8 Oe in the absence of a bubble.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 47; July 197
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: (For abstract see issue 24, p. 3529, Accession no. A75-47672)
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The paper outlines the design, principles of operation, and calibration of a five-IC network intended to give a rapid, precise, and automatic determination of the flatband voltage of MOS capacitors. The basic principle of measurement is to compare the analog output voltage of a capacitance meter - which is directly proportional to the capacitance being measured - with a preset or dialed-in voltage proportional to the calculated flatband capacitance by means of a comparator circuit. The bias to the MOS capacitor supplied through the capacitance meter is provided by a ramp voltage going from a negative toward a positive voltage level and vice versa. The network employs two monostable multivibrators for reading and recording the flatband voltage and for resetting the initial conditions and restarting the ramp. The flatband voltage can be held and read on a digital voltmeter.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 47; May 1976
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report discusses the application and cost of two types of altimeter systems (spaceborne (satellite and shuttle) and airborne) to twelve user requirements. The overall design of the systems defined to meet these requirements is predicated on an unconstrained altimetry technology; that is, any level of altimeter or supporting equipment performance is possible.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-168341 , NAS 1.26:168341 , CSC/TR-76/6002
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Technology for interconnecting monolithic integrated circuit chips with other components is investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of the current flip-chip approach as compared to other interconnection methods are outlined. A fluxless solder-bump contact technology is evaluated. Multiple solder-bump contacts were formed on silicon integrated circuit chips. The solder-bumps, comprised of a rigid nickel under layer and a compliant solder overlayer, were electroformed onto gold device pads with the aid of thick dry film photomasks. Different solder alloys and the use of conductive epoxy for bonding were explored. Fluxless solder-bump bond quality and reliability were evaluated by measuring the effects of centrifuge, thermal cycling, and high temperature storage on bond visual characteristics, bond electrical continuity, and bond shear tests. The applicability and suitability of this technology for hybrid microelectronic packaging is discussed.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-161732
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Surface waves are attenuated by a fluid or gas surrounding the surface of propagation, an effect caused by frictional losses determined by the fluid or gas viscosity and by the emission of compression waves into the environment. The paper reports a large reversible reduction in attenuation of surface waves at frequencies as low as 2 MHz by outgassing treatments of some materials, suggesting that at such frequencies vacuum encapsulation is a desirable procedure. Outgassing experiments were performed on a delay line constructed from high-density p.z.t.-8 (lead-zirconate-titanate). The delay line configuration was a slab waxed onto a metal base with coaxial connectors mounted near and connected by gold-wire leads to the interdigital finger sets. Output signal enhancements by as much as 8 dB were achieved after overnight evacuation at 10 to the -2 torr at room temperature.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Electronics Letters; 12; Apr. 29
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  • 22
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: It is pointed out that the reported measurements are useful in a study of interface charge distributions. Measurements of surface-state density at the SiO2 interface given information concerning the effect of the layer thickness on the flat-band interface charge. Other measurements provide data for a determination of the silicon-silica flat-band interface charge, the metal-silica interface charge, and the difference in barrier energies at the interfaces. Measurements of Fowler-Nordheim currents as a function of oxide thickness can be used for the determination of charge distribution in the area next to the metal-silica interface. The investigation shows that the silicon-silica interface is independent of thickness down to thicknesses as low as 40 A.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 47; Apr. 197
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are a number of applications in which linear noise models are inappropriate. In the paper, the use of bilinear noise models in circuits and devices is considered. Several physical problems are studied in this framework. These include circuits involving varying parameters (such as variable resistance circuits constructed using field-effect transistors), the effect of switching jitter on sampled data system performance and communication systems involving voltage-controlled oscillators and phase-lock loops. In addition, several types of analytical techniques for stochastic bilinear systems are considered. Specifically, the moment equations of Brockett for bilinear systems driven by white noise are discussed, and closed-form expressions for certain bilinear systems (those that evolve an Abelian or solvable Lie groups) driven by white or colored noise are derived. In addition, an approximate statistical technique involving the use of harmonic expansions is described.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Franklin Institute; vol. 301
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The initial results obtained from the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductors Radiation Effects Measurement experiment are presented. Predictions of radiation damage to C-MOS devices are based on standard environment models and computational techniques. A comparison of the shifts in CMOS threshold potentials, that is, those measured in space to those obtained from the on the ground simulation experiment with Co 60, indicated that the measured space damage is greater than predicted by a factor of two for shields thicker than 100 mils (2.54 mm), but agrees well with predictions for the thinner shields.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71166 , X-700-76-155
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The isolation between the upper S-band quad antenna and the S-band payload antenna on the shuttle orbiter is calculated using a combination of plane surface and curved surface theories along with worst case values. A minimum value of 60 db isolation is predicted based on recent antenna pattern data, antenna locations on the orbiter, curvature effects, dielectric covering effects and edge effects of the payload bay. The calculated value of 60 db is significantly greater than the baseline value of 40 db. Use of the new value will result in the design of smaller, lighter weight and less expensive filters for S-band transponder and the S-band payload interrogator.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-147835 , REPT-1.2-DN-B0503-006
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A new class of high-voltage power transistors has been achieved by adapting present interdigitated thyristor processing techniques to the fabrication of NPN Si transistors. Present devices are 2.3 cm in diameter. The electrical performance obtained is consistent with the predictions of an optimum design theory specifically developed for power switching transistors. The forward safe operating area of the experimental transistors shows a significant improvement over commercially available devices. The report describes device design, wafer processing, and various measurements which include dc characteristics, forward and reverse second breakdown limits, and switching times.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-135013
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Radiation design criteria for electronic parts applications in space environments are provided. The data were compiled from the Mariner/Jupiter Saturn 1977 electronic parts radiation test program. Radiation sensitive device types were exposed to radiation environments compatible with the MJS'77 requirements under suitable bias conditions. A total of 189 integrated circuits, transistors, and other semiconductor device types were tested.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-148510 , JPL-TM-33-763
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An investigation was made to demonstrate that a 5-meter-diameter, furlable, conical reflector antenna utilizing a line source feed can be fabricated utilizing composite materials and to prove that the antenna can function mechanically and electrically as prototype flight hardware. The design, analysis, and testing of the antenna are described. An RF efficiency of 55% at 8.5 GHz and a surface error of 0.64 mm rms were chosen as basic design requirements. Actual test measurements yielded an efficiency of 53% (49.77 dB gain) and a surface error of 0.61 mm rms. Atmospherically induced corrosion of the reflector mesh resulted in the RF performance degradation. An assessment of the antenna as compared to the current state of the art technology was made. This assessment included cost, surface accuracy and RF performance, structural and mechanical characteristics, and possible applications.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-148457 , JPL-TR-32-1604
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The fabrication techniques and detail procedures for creating P-channel Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (P-MOS) integrated circuits at George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) are described. Examples of P-MOS integrated circuits fabricated at MSFC together with functional descriptions of each are given. Typical electrical characteristics of high and low threshold P-MOS discrete devices under given conditions are provided. A general description of MSFC design, mask making, packaging, and testing procedures is included. The capabilities described in this report are being utilized in: (1) research and development of new technology, (2) education of individuals in the various disciplines and technologies of the field of microelectronics, and (3) fabrication of many types of specially designed integrated circuits which are not commercially feasible in small quantities for in-house research and development programs.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TR-R-465
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  • 30
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The testing of a standard iron and standard alnico permanent magnet two-phase, brushless dc spin motor for potential application to the space telescope has been concluded. The purpose of this study was to determine spin motor power losses, magnetic drag, efficiency and torque speed characteristics of a high torque dc motor. The motor was designed and built to fit an existing reaction wheel as a test vehicle and to use existing brass-board commutation and torque command electronics. The results of the tests are included in this report.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-144348
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A switchable beamwidth monopulse method and system are described. An antenna comprising a curved reflector and a first set of monopulse feeds positioned in the effective region of the airy disc of the antenna includes a second set of monopulse feeds. The second set of monopulse feeds is positioned outside the airy disc in the region of first bright airy ring. In narrow beamwidth monopulse operation, monopulse sum and difference channel patterns are obtained from the first set of feeds within the airy disc. In wide beamwidth monopulse operation, the difference channel pattern is obtained from the second set of feeds in the airy ring; the sum channel pattern is obtained by attenuation and phase shifting the sum channel signal obtained from the first set of feeds, and adding the resultant to the sum channel signal obtained from the second set of feeds. In a simplified form of the invention, the difference channel patterns for both narrow and wide beamwidth mode operation are obtained from the second set of feeds, while the sum channel patterns are obtained as described above.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Self-aligned polysilicon gate technology was applied to double-diffused MOS (DMOS) construction in a manner that retains processing simplicity and effectively eliminates parasitic overlap capacitance because of the self-aligning feature. Depletion mode load devices with the same dimensions as the DMOS transistors were integrated. The ratioless feature results in smaller dimension load devices, allowing for higher density integration with no increase in the processing complexity of standard MOS technology. A number of inverters connected as ring oscillators were used as a vehicle to test the performance and to verify the anticipated benefits. The propagation time-power dissipation product and process related parameters were measured and evaluated. This report includes (1) details of the process; (2) test data and design details for the DMOS transistor, the load device, the inverter, the ring oscillator, and a shift register with a novel tapered geometry for the output stages; and (3) an analytical treatment of the effect of the distributed silicon gate resistance and capacitance on the speed of DMOS transistors.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-2620
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A breadboard design of a single-phase inverter with sinusoidal output voltage for a three-phase power generation and distribution system was developed. The three-phase system consists of three single-phase inverters, whose output voltages are connected in a delta configuration. Upon failure of one inverter the two remaining inverters will continue to deliver three-phase power. Parallel redundancy as offered by two three-phase inverters is substituted by one three-phase inverter assembly with high savings in volume, weight, components count and complexity, and a considerable increase in reliability. The following requirements must be met: (1) Each single-phase, current-fed inverter must be capable of being synchronized to a three-phase reference system such that its output voltage remains phaselocked to its respective reference voltage. (2) Each single-phase, current-fed inverter must be capable of accepting leading and lagging power factors over a range from -0.7 through 1 to +0.7.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-146905 , FTR-2343
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  • 34
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A capacitive transducer and circuit especially suited for making measurements in a high-temperature environment are described. The transducer includes two capacitive electrodes and a shield electrode. As the temperature of the transducer rises, the resistance of the insulation between the capacitive electrode decreases and a resistive current attempts to interfere with the capacitive current between the capacitive electrodes. The shield electrode and the circuit coupled there reduce the resistive current in the transducer. A bridge-type circuit coupled to the transducer ignores the resistive current and measures only the capacitive current flowing between the capacitive electrodes.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A flask having a threaded neck and a cap adapted for threaded engagement on the neck are used. A laminated disc between the cap and the neck forms a gas tight seal and the cap has a central opening that exposes a medial region of the disc. Piercing the disc through the opening are two electrodes, the inner ends of which contact the sample within the flask and the outer ends of which can be connected to test equipment. Cylindric glass tubes are fitted over the external portion of the electrodes to provide physical support and silicone rubber or a similar material serves to retain the glass cylinders in place and form a gas tight seal between the cylinders and the electrodes. Shrinkable tubing is shrunk over the glass tubes to afford further mechanical support and sealing. A final relatively large diameter shrinkable tube is shrunk over both electrodes and their associated glass cylinders. The support and sealing means for the electrodes is confined to a limited portion of the medial region of the disc so that the remainder of such region can be punctured by a hollow needle to introduce a test sample within the flask.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The NASA/USAF program on Environmental Charging of Spacecraft Surfaces consists of experimental efforts directed toward evaluating the response of materials to the environmental charged particle flux. Samples of thermal blankets and second surface mirrors of the type to be used on the Global Positioning System Flight Space Vehicle were tested to determine their response to electron flux. The primary result observed was that the ground connection of the metal layers of the blanket, as made by the baseline grounding technique using serrated washers and grommets, deteriorated with time at test. The discharges observed on the blankets were the glow type, not the 'lightning' strike observed on past specimens. Testing was performed at ambient laboratory temperatures.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73467 , E-8836
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The electronics and temperature sensing units of the pulse-to-pulse rocketsonde are described. The sonde is designed for the 2 1/8-inch dart of the SUPER-LOKI meteorological rocket. In flight, the sonde descends by parachute from rocket apogees of about 75 kilometers. As the sonde descends, it transmits air temperature data back to ground radio receiving stations.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-141410 , UTEC-UA-76-160
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study was conducted to develop cylindrical wound metallized film capacitors rated 2 micron F 500 VDC that had energy densities greater than 0.1J/g. Polysulfone (PS) and polyvinylidene (PVF2) were selected as dielectrics. Single film PS capacitors of 0.2J/g (uncased) were made of 3.75 micron material. Single film PVF2 capacitors of 0.19J/g (uncased) were made of 6.0 micron material. Corona measurements were made at room temperature, and capacitance and dissipation factor measurements were made over the ranges 25 C to 125 C and 120 Hz to 100 kHz. Nineteen of twenty PVF2 components survived a 2500 hour dc plus ac life test. Failure analyses revealed most failures occurred at wrinkles, but some edge failures were also seen. A 0.989g case was designed. When the case was combined with the PVF2 component, a finished energy density of 0.11J/g was achieved.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-124926 , P75-477
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  • 39
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A FORTRAN program for induction motor analysis is described. The analysis includes calculations of torque-speed characteristics, efficiency, losses, magnetic flux densities, weights, and various electrical parameters. The program is limited to three-phase Y-connected, squirrel-cage motors. Detailed instructions for using the program are given. The analysis equations are documented, and the sources of the equations are referenced. The appendixes include a FORTRAN symbol list, a complete explanation of input requirements, and a list of error messages.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8184 , E-8486
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A literature is reported for gyrator circuits utilizing operational amplifiers as the active device. A gyrator is a two port nonreciprocal device with the property that the input impedance is proportional to the reciprocal of the load impedance. Following an experimental study, the gyrator circuit with optimum properties was selected for additional testing. A theoretical analysis was performed and compared to the experimental results for excellent agreement.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-64995
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  • 41
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The use of depressed collectors for the efficient collection of spent beams from linear-beam microwave tubes depends on a refocusing procedure in which the space charge forces and transverse velocity components are reduced. The refocusing properties are evaluated of permanent magnet configurations whose axial fields are approximated by constant plateaus or linearly varying fields. The results provide design criteria and show that the refocusing properties can be determined from the plateau fields alone.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8170 , E-8532
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An artwork interactive design system is described which provides the microelectronic circuit designer/engineer a tool to perform circuit design, automatic layout modification, standard cell design, and artwork verification at a graphics computer terminal using a graphics tablet at the designer/computer interface.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-144167 , REPT-73-0002-REV-1
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  • 43
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-149758 , D180-18849-2-VOL-5
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The ADM-006 inverter discussed utilizes a unique method of using power switching circuits to produce three-phase low harmonic content voltages without any significant filtering. This method is referred to as the power center approach to inverter design and is explained briefly. The results are presented of tests performed by MSFC to evaluate inverter performance, especially when required to provide power to nonlinear loads such as half or full wave rectified loads with capacitive filtering. Test preocedures and results are described. These tests show that the power center inverter essentially met or exceeded all of claims excluding voltage regulation (3.9 percent versus specified 3.3 percent) and would be a good candidate for high power inverter applications such as may be found on Space Station, Spacelab, etc.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73341
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The purpose of the scanning electron microscopy study was to review the failure history of existing integrated circuit technologies to identify predominant failure mechanisms, and to evaluate the feasibility of their detection using SEM application techniques. The study investigated the effects of E-beam irradiation damage and contamination deposition rates; developed the necessary methods for applying the techniques to the detection of latent defects and weaknesses in integrated circuits; and made recommendations for applying the techniques.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150005 , MCR-76-464
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  • 46
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An improved furlable antenna particularly suited for use in a celestial space environment is described. The antenna is characterized by an actuator comprising an elastomeric member of an annular configuration, an annular array of uniformly spaced antenna ribs rigidly affixed at the base ends to an actuator which enables it to be supported for pivotal displacement from a deployed configuration. The ribs are radially extended from the actuator to a furled configuration. The ribs are extended parallel to the axis of the actuator with flexible reflecting web affixed to the ribs, with angularly spaced bearing blocks.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The objective of this contract is to establish an optimum electrical disconnect system design(s) for use on manned and unmanned missions. The purpose of the disconnect system is to electrically mate and demate the spacecraft to subsystem module interfaces to accomplish orbital operations. The results of Task 1 and Task 2 of the effort are presented. Task 1 involves the definition of the functional, operational, and environmental requirements for the connector system to support the leading prototype candidate concepts. Task 2 involves the documentation review and survey of available existing connector designs.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-149995 , MCR-76-393
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An increase in the quantum efficiency of a 3-5 photocathode is achieved by doping its semiconductor material with an acceptor and nitrogen, a column-5 isoelectronic element, that introduces a spatially localized energy level just below the conduction band similar to a donor level to which optical transitions can occur. This increases the absorption coefficient, alpha without compensation of the acceptor dopant. A layer of a suitable 1-5, 1-6 or 1-7 compound is included as an activation layer on the electron emission side to lower the work function of the photocathode.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The surface properties of conventional impregnated cathodes were investigated by the use of Auger spectroscopy and work function measurements, and these were compared with a synthesized barium or barium oxide coated tungsten surface. The barium and barium oxide coated surfaces were prepared by evaporating barium onto a tungsten surface that can be heated to elevated temperatures. Multilayer or monolayer coverages can be investigated using this technique. The results of this study show that the surface of an impregnated tungsten cathode is identical to that observed for a synthesized monolayer or partial monolayer of barium on partially oxidized tungsten, using the criteria of identical Auger patterns and work functions. Desorption measurements of barium from a tungsten surface were also made. These results in conjunction with Auger and work function data were interpreted to show that throughout most of its life an impregnated cathode operating in the range of 1100 C has a partial monolayer rather than a monolayer of barium on its surface.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8295 , E-8515
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The construction of an analytical thermal model of an S-band antenna in a typical Space Shuttle Orbiter installation is discussed. The selection and modeling of orbital and entry thermal environment inputs for the thermal analyses are discussed. The results of analyses for a variety of orbital thermal environments and entry initial conditions are given. Design and fabrication details of a thermal test fixture which physically approximates the Orbiter installation are discussed. The design and fabrication of two electrical test fixtures which electrically simulate the Orbiter surface shape and thermal protection system are discussed.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-147716 , MDC-E1478
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  • 51
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A family of standardized thick-oxide P-MOS building blocks (standard cells) is described. The information is presented in a form useful for systems designs, logic design, and the preparation of inputs to both sets of Design Automation programs for array design and analysis. A data sheet is provided for each cell and gives the cell name, the cell number, its logic symbol, Boolean equation, truth table, circuit schematic circuit composite, input-output capacitances, and revision date. The circuit type file, also given for each cell, together with the logic drawing contained on the data sheet provides all the information required to prepare input data files for the Design Automation Systems. A detailed description of the electrical design procedure is included.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73299
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  • 52
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two approaches have been taken to study CCD's and some of their fundamental limitations. First a numerical analysis approach has been developed to solve the coupled transport and Poisson's equation for a thorough analysis of charge transfer in a CCD structure. The approach is formulated by treating the minority carriers as a surface distribution at the Si-SiO2 interface and setting up coupled difference equations for the charge and the potential. The SOR method is proposed for solving the two dimensional Poisson's equation for the potential. Methods are suggested for handling the discontinuities to improve convergence. Second, CCD shift registers were fabricated with parameters which should allow complete charge transfer independent of the transfer electrode gap width. A test instrument was designed and constructed which can be used to test this, or any similar, three phase CCD shift register.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-144166 , EIRS-EE-73-2
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Thin and thick film test specimens were utilized to study the effects of silicone and epoxy hybrid microcircuit coatings on 0.025 mm diameter aluminum and gold ultrasonic bonds, and 0.051 diameter gold pulsed-thermocompression bonds. Chip-to-substrate and substrate-to-substrate geometries were included. Because sealed packages were utilized, a test pattern design was incorporated that allowed the determination of bond failures by making resistance measurements external to the package after the various environmental tests. All wire bonds were non-destructively pull tested prior to sealing. Tests included the PIN test, temperature cycling, and high temperature storage.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-144269 , P76-54
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  • 54
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A technical review of high reliability electrical terminations for electronic equipment was made. Seven techniques were selected from this review for further investigation, experimental work, and preliminary testing. From the preliminary test results, four techniques were selected for final testing and evaluation. These four were: (1) induction soldering, (2) wire wrap, (3) percussive arc welding, and (4) resistance welding. Of these four, induction soldering was selected as the best technique in terms of minimizing operator errors, controlling temperature and time, minimizing joint contamination, and ultimately producing a reliable, uniform, and reusable electrical termination.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-147460
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An analytical approach was developed to evaluate the electrodynamic interactions affecting a thin, bare metallic wire moving in the ionosphere. The wire's diameter was smaller than the Debye length; therefore, the plasma sheath around the wire was taken into account in computing inducing drag force and torque. Computer programs were prepared for the numerical evaluation of mathematical functions that were required to compute the distribution of the potential along the wire and of the current in the wire. Numerical calculations based on this software are shown.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-144153
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A radiometer system for use in the 1.3 mm region has been constructed and used for radio astronomical observations. A second-harmonic mixer employing a single Schottky diode downconverts the incident power to an IF frequency of about 1400 MHz. The measured double-sideband system noise temperature is 6000 K (noise figure = 13 dB) and the double-sideband mixer conversion loss is calculated to be 10 dB. The mixer is tunable over a range of at least 15 GHz.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques; MTT-24; Nov. 197
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  • 57
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A ballast circuit employing a constant current diode and a vacuum tube that can provide a constant current over a voltage range of 1000 volts. The simple circuit can prove useful in studying voltage breakdown characteristics.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics and Control Instrumentation; IECI-23; Nov. 197
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The experiences are given of a number of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Space and Missile System Organization (SAMSO) contractors with particle contamination, and the methods used for its prevention and detection, evaluates the bases for the different schemes, assesses their effectiveness, and identifies the problems associated with each. It recommends specific short-range tests or approaches appropriate to individual part-type categories and recommends that specific tasks be initiated to refine techniques and to resolve technical and application facets of promising solutions.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71245 , X-311-76-266
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A potential induced on the surface of an orbiting spacecraft is neutralized to the potential of a plasma through which the spacecraft is traveling by directing charged particles into the plasma from the spacecraft surface. The induced potential occurs in response to bombardment of the spacecraft surface by ambient charged particles which may be negative or positive. The charged particles directed into the plasma from the surface have the same polarity as the induced potential to provide the neutralization. The invention can be utilized to maintain different, electrically isolated segments of a spacecraft surface at the same potential to prevent electric discharges between the different parts and thereby protect electric circuits within the spacecraft.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A change of variables is described which transforms the problem of designing a recursive digital filter to that of approximation by a ratio of polynomials on a finite interval. Some analytic techniques for the design of low-pass filters are presented, illustrating the use of the transformation. Also considered are methods for the design of phase equalizers.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems; CAS-23; Aug. 197
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A design automated approach used to develop thick-film hybrid packages is described. The hybrid packages produced combine thick-film and silicon on sapphire (SOS) laser surface interaction technologies to bring the on-chip performance level of SOS to the subsystem level. Packing densities are improved by a factor of eight over ceramic dual in-line packing; interchip wiring capacitance is low. Due to significant time savings, the design automated approach presented can be expected to yield a 3:1 reduction in cost over the use of manual methods for the initial design of a hybrid.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: RCA Engineer; 22; June-Jul
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Depletion-mode load devices can be integrated with DMOS transistors without any extra diffusions or ion implantation processing steps by judicious choice of the substrate crystal orientation and resistivity. For low voltage operation line-type 1, 1, 1 crystal orientation should be used. The line-type 1, 1, 1 crystal orientation also yields a higher transconductance for the DMOS transistor than the line-type 1, 0, 0 orientation. The geometry of the load device and the DMOS transistor can be made ratioless to conserve area. Self-aligned gates, hitherto considered incompatible with DMOS transistors, have been incorporated in the structure. The experimental DMOS inverters, using a conservative design, have achieved 4-ns propagation delay, 1.3-V operation, and 2-pJ propagation delay-power dissipation product.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits; SC-11; Aug. 197
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  • 63
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An empirical relation is presented which allows simple computation of volume-averaged winding fields from central fields for coils of small rectangular cross sections. This relation suggests that, in certain applications, ac-loss minimization can be accomplished by use of low winding densities, provided that hysteresis losses are independent of winding density. The ac-loss measurements on coils wound of twisted multifilamentary composite superconductors show no significant dependence on ac losses on winding density, thus permitting the use of winding density as an independent design parameter in loss minimization.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 47; Aug. 197
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Large-area backside illuminated charge-coupled device imagers have been fabricated using double level aluminum transfer electrode technology. Devices with 100 x 160 and 400 x 400 resolution elements have been fabricated using buried channel technology for high charge transfer efficiency. Detailed optical characterization has been performed on these imagers over the temperature range -40 to +24 C and at several operating frequencies between 10 kHz and 1 MHz.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-23; Nov. 197
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The reliability of hybrid microcircuits has been enhanced in recent years by the use of organic adhesives as a replacement for solder and eutectics. The epoxies have been the most effective and widely used material for this application. Methods for measuring the electrical and mechanical properties of epoxies are developed. Data are given for selected conductive adhesives at high and low frequencies. The temperature coefficients of resistance of thick film resistors are presented.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-149980
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Using data on standard magnetic-material properties and standard core sizes for air-gap-type cores, an algorithm designed for a computer solution is developed which optimally determines the air-gap length and locates the quiescent point on the normal magnetization curve so as to yield an inductor design with the minimum number of turns for a given ac voltage and frequency and with a given dc bias current superimposed in the same winding. Magnetic-material data used in the design are the normal magnetization curve and a family of incremental permeability curves. A second procedure, which requires a simpler set of calculations, starts from an assigned quiescent point on the normal magnetization curve and first screens candidate core sizes for suitability, then determines the required turns and air-gap length.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A new procedure for measuring effective defect density takes time-dependent primary dielectric breakdown in MOS devices into account. A time-varying breakdown probability is obtained by applying a constant field stress to a statistically sufficient number of MOS capacitors. Effective defects are assumed distributed randomly in two dimensions, hence indistinguishable. The effective defect density is found to vary with oxide thickness; tentative explanations are ventured to account for this (interfacial tensile stress, ion patching enhanced by local trapping, breakdown in the form of filamentary discharges with release of stored electrostatic energy).
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-23; May 1976
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  • 68
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A general model for time-dependent breakdown in metal-oxide-silicon (MOS) structures is developed and related to experimental measurements on samples deliberately contaminated with Na. A statistical method is used for measuring the breakdown probability as a function of log time and applied field. It is shown that three time regions of breakdown can be explained respectively in terms of silicon surface defects, ion emission from the metal interface, and lateral ion diffusion at the silicon interface.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Solid-State Electronics; 19; Mar. 197
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  • 69
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Over 100 sealed AgO-Zn cells were subjected to prolonged periods of storage over a range of temperatures and storage modes including open circuit, trickle charge, and float charge. Impedances of these cells were monitored throughout, and at the end of the storage period their transient voltage characteristics were observed at the onset of discharge. Results revealed that the impedances of these cells tended to increase with storage time; the magnitude of the impedance rise was dependent primarily on temperature and to a lesser degree on storage mode. Typical values for 50 A-hr cells were usually less than 100 mohm immediately after activation and from 1 to 30 ohm after 6-10 months of storage. Transient voltages of these cells droped sharply during the first msec of discharge and then rose to a stablized value during the following few seconds. The magnitude of the initial drop and the stabilized voltage values were found to be related to impedance but not in a linear manner. The magnitude and duration of the low transient voltages may be unacceptable in some applications of these cells. The impedance variations are attributed to changes occurring at the positive electrode.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Electrochemical Society; vol. 123
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are ideally suited for performing sampled-data transversal filtering operations in the analog domain. Two algorithms have been identified for performing spectral analysis in which the bulk of the computation can be performed in a CCD transversal filter; the chirp z-transform and the prime transform. CCD implementation of both these transform algorithms is presented together with performance data and applications.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems; Aug 16, 1976 - Aug 17, 1976; Milwaukee, WI
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A 1,000-V, 200-A gate-assisted turn-off thyristor (GATT) is described, whose design features include an interdigitated shunted cathode, a dynamic gate, a means for optimizing the carrier lifetime level, and a bypass diode. The device physics of gate-assisted turn-off are reviewed. Based on this, improvements in the design are described. It is shown that a prime failure mode can be eliminated and that the gate-assist signal voltage can be substantially decreased by employing a shunted cathode emitter. The test data show excellent turn-on characteristics due to the dynamic gate and the long perimeter of the edge of the main cathode. Turn-off times as short as 3 microsec are obtained. The combination of controlling the carrier lifetime with a precisely controlled and easily variable irradiation dose of high energy electrons with gate assist current provides for simple, precision tailoring of the device characteristics to the intended application.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: International Electron Devices Meeting; Dec 05, 1976 - Dec 08, 1976; Washington, DC
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: High speed, electrostatic photomultipliers were developed for use in 400 megabit laser communication systems operating at the 1.06 micron wavelength. A high performance, electrostatic III-V photocathode PMT was shown in communication system tests to perform competitively with solid state and avalanche photodiodes. Signal-induced noise and III-V cathode stability were identified as remaining technical problems while cathode quantum efficiencies of or = 5% at 1.06 micron and 320 picosecond rise and fall time pulse performance were achieved.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-152491
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An accelerated life test of sufficient duration to generate a minimum of 50% cumulative failures in lots of CMOS devices was conducted to provide a basis for determining the consistency of activation energy at 250 C. An investigation was made to determine whether any thresholds were exceeded during the high temperature testing, which could trigger failure mechanisms unique to that temperature. The usefulness of the 250 C temperature test as a predictor of long term reliability was evaluated.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150228
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Test data and results are presented of the manufacturing and testing of seven hundred fifty (750) all tantalum capacitors of the T2 case size.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150018
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Improvements were carried out on a TWT (traveling wave tube) for use in EMC (electronic countermeasure) systems by applying MDC (multi-stage depressed collector) and spent-beam refocusing techniques. The MDC geometric design consists of six collecting elements (electrodes) at ground and cathode potentials operating in 2 or 4 stage configuration. The refocusing system designed allows a controlled beam expansion to the point that space charge becomes negligible at the MDC entrance. Simultaneously, the standard deviation of the radial velocity (angular spread) is reduced. This system provides an analog real time readout of P(recovered). Data on all tests is obtained with an automated data acquisition system.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73572 , E-9021 , Intern. Electron Devices Meeting; Dec 06, 1976 - Dec 08, 1976; Washington, DC; United States
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Three simple small size two stage depressed collectors were designed and experimentally evaluated in conjunction with a 330 to 520 watt CW, 4.8 to 9.6 GHz traveling wave tube (TWT). Each of the three designs produced a minimum collector efficiency of 80.0 percent considering saturated TWT operation at the maximum of output frequency and at band edges. The highest minimum collector efficiency produced was 80.5 percent with a two stage depressed collector of 4.8 cm diameter by 7 cm high internal dimensions.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73513 , E-8920
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Corona discharges arise due to ionization of air or gas subject to high electric fields. The free electrons and ions contained in these discharges interact with molecules of insulating materials, resulting in chemical changes and destroying the electrical insulating properties. The paper describes some results of measurements aimed at determining corona pulse waveforms, their repetition rate, and amplitude distribution during various randomly-sampled identical time periods of a 60-Hz high-voltage wave. Described are properties of positive and negative corona impulses generated from typical conductors at various test high voltages. A possible method for calculating the energies, densities, and electromagnetic interferences by making use of these results is suggested.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Engineering in a changing economy; Apr 05, 1976 - Apr 07, 1976; Clemson, SC
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper describes a test program conducted to determine the electrical properties of adhesives used in hybrid microelectronic applications and to develop test methods for measuring these properties. The electrical properties of transistor chips mounted with conductive adhesives are also measured, and the effect of long term storage at high temperature on these devices is determined.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Electronic Components Conference; Apr 26, 1976 - Apr 28, 1976; San Francisco, CA
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A method for the regulation of a capacitor diode voltage multiplier dc-dc converter has been developed which has only minor penalties in weight and efficiency. An auxiliary inductor is used, which only handles a fraction of the total power, to control the output voltage through a pulse width modulation method in a buck boost circuit.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Power Electronics Specialists Conference; Jun 08, 1976 - Jun 10, 1976; Cleveland, OH
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Time-optimal-response 'bang-bang' or 'bang-hang' technique, using four feedback control loops, synthesizes static-inverter sinusoidal output waveform by self-oscillatory but yet synchronous pulse-frequency-modulation (SPFM). A single modular power stage per phase of ac output entails the minimum of circuit complexity while providing by feedback synthesis individual phase voltage regulation, phase position control and inherent compensation simultaneously for line and load disturbances. Clipped sinewave performance is described under off-limit load or input voltage conditions. Also, approaches to high power levels, 3-phase arraying and parallel modular connection are given.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Power Electronics Specialists Conference; Jun 08, 1976 - Jun 10, 1976; Cleveland, OH
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  • 81
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Preliminary observations indicate that an ultrasonic scanning technique may be useful as a quick, low cost, nondestructive method for judging the quality of circuit board materials for high voltage applications. Corona inception voltage tests were conducted on fiberglass-epoxy and fiberglass-polyimide high pressure laminates from 20 to 140 C. The same materials were scanned ultrasonically by utilizing the single transducer, through-transmission technique with reflector plate, and recording variations in ultrasonic energy transmitted through the board thickness. A direct relationship was observed between ultrasonic transmission level and corona inception voltage. The ultrasonic technique was subsequently used to aid selection of high quality circuit boards for the Communications Technology Satellite.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Power Electronics Specialists Conference; Jun 08, 1976 - Jun 10, 1976; Cleveland, OH
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: State space techniques are employed to derive accurate models for buck, boost, and buck/boost converter power stages operating with and without zero-inductor-current dwell time. A generalized procedure is developed which treats the continuous-inductor-current mode without the dwell time as a special case of the discontinuous-current mode, when the dwell time vanishes. An abrupt change of system behavior including a reduction of the system order when the dwell time appears is shown both analytically and experimentally.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Power Electronics Specialists Conference; Jun 08, 1976 - Jun 10, 1976; Cleveland, OH
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A method for modeling switching-converter power stages is developed, whose starting point is the unified state-space representation of the switched networks and whose end result is either a complete state-space description or its equivalent small-signal low-frequency linear circuit model. A new canonical circuit model is proposed, whose fixed topology contains all the essential input-output and control properties of any dc-to-dc switching converter, regardless of its detailed configuration, and by which different converters can be characterized in the form of a table conveniently stored in a computer data bank to provide a useful tool for computer aided design and optimization. The new canonical circuit model predicts that, in general, switching action introduces both zeros and poles into the duty ratio to output transfer function in addition to those from the effective filter network.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Power Electronics Specialists Conference; Jun 08, 1976 - Jun 10, 1976; Cleveland, OH
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A methodology for optimizing power-processor designs is described which achieves optimization with respect to some power-processor characteristic deemed particularly desirable by the designer, such as weight or efficiency. Optimization theory based on Lagrange multipliers is reviewed together with nonlinear programming techniques employing penalty functions. The methodology, the task of which is to minimize an objective function subject to design constraints, is demonstrated with the aid of four examples: optimum-weight core selection for an inductor with a predetermined winding size, optimum-weight inductor design with a given loss constraint, optimum-loss inductor design with a given weight constraint, and a comparison of optimum-weight single- and two-stage input-filter designs with identical loss and other requirement constraints. Closed-form solutions for the first three examples are obtained by applying the Lagrange-multiplier method, but solutions for the last example are found numerically through the use of the sequential unconstrained minimization technique.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Power Electronics Specialists Conference; Jun 08, 1976 - Jun 10, 1976; Cleveland, OH
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Higher frequency response in MOS technology can be obtained by shortening the channel length. One approach for doing this involves an employment of higher resolution lithography technology. A second approach makes use of a double-diffused MOS transistor (DMOS). It is pointed out that the ordinary method of modeling the transistors used in both approaches is not accurate. An investigation is conducted of the questions which have to be considered for DMOS modeling. The modeling of a short channel MOS transistor is discussed, taking into account the derivation of the threshold voltage equation. Excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental data shows the accuracy of the described modeling approach.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Annual Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling and simulation; Apr 26, 1976 - Apr 27, 1976; Pittsburgh, PA
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The results of the initial implementation of the proposed design, the design modifications, and limitations are presented. Also included are data on component parts of the breadboard amplifier and the converter.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-152584 , REPT-76-1035
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The construction of a solar furnace was completed and it was tested after a preliminary alignment of the heliostat mirrors. After final alignment, the solar furnace is used for directional solidification experiments designed to simulate space conditions.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-149859 , E-18-610
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  • 88
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Feasibility evaluations of klystron amplifiers for conversion of solar power in synchronous orbit into microwave power at 2.4 GHz and transmission to earth were carried out. It was found that amplitrons and klystrons, using a depressed collector augmentation, can achieve efficiencies in excess of 80% if the power output is kept higher than 50 kW. Body wound selenoid provides the needed beam-focusing field. Narrow bandwidth requirements permit a low cathode loading density of 0.5 A/sq cm produced at approximately 850 centigrades. Emission tests indicate a potential life expectancy of 20 to 40 years.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73571 , E-9020 , Intern. Electron Devices Meeting; Dec 06, 1976 - Dec 08, 1976; Washington, DC; United States
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: State-plane analysis techniques are employed to study the voltage step up energy storage dc-to-dc converter. Within this framework, an example converter operating under the influence of a constant on time and a constant frequency controller is examined. Qualitative insight gained through this approach is used to develop a conceptual free running control law for the voltage step up converter which can achieve steady state operation in one on/off cycle of control. Digital computer simulation data is presented to illustrate and verify the theoretical discussions presented.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-149248 , Power Electron. Specialists Conf.; Jan 01, 1976; Cleveland
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The project involved work in two basic areas: (1) Evaluation of commercial screen printable thick film conductors, resistors, thermistors and dielectrics as well as alumina substrates used in hybird microelectronics industries. Results of tests made on materials produced by seven companies are presented. (2) Experimental studies on metallic oxides of copper and vanadium, in an effort to determine their electrochemical properties in crystalline, powder mixtures and as screen printable thick films constituted the second phase of the research effort. Oxide investigations were aimed at finding possible applications of these materials as switching devices memory elements and sensors.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-147156
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  • 91
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-149754 , D180-18849-2-VOL-1
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  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-149755 , D180-18849-2-VOL-2
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  • 93
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The fundamental problems encountered in designing, fabricating, and applying CCD's are reviewed. Investigations are described and results and conclusions are given for the following: (1) the development of design analyses employing computer aided techniques and their application to the design of a grapped structure; (2) the role of CCD's in applications to electronic functions, in particular, signal processing; (3) extending the CCD to silicon films on sapphire (SOS); and (4) all aluminum transfer structure with low noise input-output circuits. Related work on CCD imaging devices is summarized.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150219
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  • 94
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design considerations and the circuit development for a 4096-bit CMOS SOS ROM chip, the ATL078 are described. Organization of the ATL078 is 512 words by 8 bits. The ROM was designed to be programmable either at the metal mask level or by a directed laser beam after processing. The development of a 4K CMOS SOS ROM fills a void left by available ROM chip types, and makes the design of a totally major high speed system more realizable.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-150221
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The modes of operation of the brushless d.c. machine and its corresponding characteristics (current flow, torque-position, etc.) are presented. The foundations and basic principles on which the preliminary numerical model is based, are discussed.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-TM-80445 , IN-76-EG-18 , JSC-11552
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: State-plane analysis techniques are employed to study the voltage stepup energy-storage dc-to-dc converter. Within this framework, an example converter operating under the influence of a constant on-time and a constant frequency controller is examined. Qualitative insight gained through this approach is used to develop a conceptual free-running control law for the voltage stepup converter which can achieve steady-state operation in one on/off cycle of control. Digital computer simulation data are presented to illustrate and verify the theoretical discussions presented.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Format: text
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Field emission cathodes fabricated using thin-film techniques and electron beam microlithography are described, together with effects obtained by varying the fabrication parameters. The emission originates from the tip of molybdenum cones that are about 1.5 micron tall with a tip radius around 500 A. Such cathodes have been produced in closely packed arrays containing 100 and 5000 cones as well as singly. Maximum currents in the range 50-150 microamp per cone can be drawn. Life tests with the 100-cone arrays drawing 2 mA total emission (or 3 A per sq cm) have proceeded in excess of 7000 hr with about a 10% drop in emission current. Studies are presented of the emission characteristics and current fluctuation phenomena. It is tentatively concluded that the emission arises from only one or a few atomic sites on the cone tips.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 47; Dec. 197
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  • 98
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The results of an initial design study to determine a suitable antenna system for the Microwave Limb Sounder experiment are presented. The resulting antenna system consisting of a parabolic cylinder fed by a number of Gregorian subreflectors is described and estimates of achievable antenna beamwidths and beam efficiencies are made. A short analysis is presented which yields expressions for the subreflector coordinates which can be implemented into existing programs for future antenna design and evaluation.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-149808 , TR-077
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The characteristics of the low resistivity diode and the double epitaxial style diode are reported. Both met required breakdown voltage and capacitance voltage characteristics. The double epitaxial style diodes are expected to improve target efficiencies.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-152457
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The criteria of the significant value of the panel instruments used in general aviation were examined and kinematic equations were added for comparison. An instrument survey was performed to establish the present state of the art in linear and angular accelerometers, pressure transducers, and magnetometers. A very preliminary evaluation was done of the computers available for data evaluation and estimator mechanization. The mathematical model of a light twin aircraft employed in the evaluation was documented, the results of the sensor survey and the results of the design studies were presented.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-151952
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