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  • Volumetrie  (14)
  • catecholamines  (10)
  • Springer  (24)
  • Frontiers Media
  • 2015-2019
  • 1975-1979  (24)
  • 1975  (24)
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  • Springer  (24)
  • Frontiers Media
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  • 2015-2019
  • 1975-1979  (24)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 276 (1975), S. 201-204 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Glykolaldehyd, Glycerinaldehyd, Hydroxyaldehyden ; Volumetrie ; Dimere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Möglichkeiten für die titrimetrische Bestimmung von dimerem Glykolaldehyd (Fp: 94–96° C) und dl-Glycerinaldehyd (Fp: 138–141° C) untersucht. Die systematischen Fehler der auf Grund verschiedener funktioneller Gruppen durchführbaren Messungen sind von der Stabilität ihrer cyclischen Halbacetale sowie von den ihrer Depolymerisation folgenden weiteren Gleichgewichten bestimmt. Das aus dem dl-Glycerinaldehyd gebildete Halbacetal besitzt höhere Stabilität als dasjenige aus dem Glykolaldehyd. Mit der Hydrogensulfit-Methode werden 95–96%, mit der Hydroxylamin-Methode dagegen 98–99% vom wahren Wert gefunden. In Wasser gelöst zersetzt sich der Glykolaldehyd verhältnismäßig rasch, und das Gleichgewicht kann durch beide Aldehydreaktionen quantitativ gegen die Monomerenform verschoben werden. Unsere Untersuchungen ergaben, daß die Hydroxylamin-Methode zur Bestimmung der in Form cyclischer Halbacetale kristallisierenden, dimeren Hydroxyaldehyde Vorteile gegenüber der Hydrogensulfit-Methode bietet.
    Notes: Abstract Possibilities for the titrimetric determination of dimeric glycolaldehyde (m.p. 94–96° C) and dl-glyceraldehyde (m.p. 138–141° C) have been investigated. The systematic errors based on different functional groups depend on the stability of the cyclic semiacetals and on the subsequent equilibria established after their depolimerisation. The semiacetal of dl-glyceraldehyde is more stable than that of glycolaldehyde. 95–96% and 98–99% of the real content were found by the hydrogensulphite and hydroxylamine methods, respectively. Glycolaldehyde decomposes rather quickly in aqueous solution and the equilibrium can be shifted towards the monomeric form by both the aldehyde reactions. The hydroxylamine method proved to be more advantageous for the determination of the dimeric hydroxyaldehydes, which cristallise in the form of cyclic semiacetals.
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  • 2
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 277 (1975), S. 125-125 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Sulfonamiden mit N-Bromsuccinimid ; Volumetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 277 (1975), S. 207-207 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Fluorid in Wasser ; Volumetrie ; SPADNS und Thoriumnitrat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 79 (1975), S. 151-153 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: lithium chloride ; catecholamines ; brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A single injection (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or a course of injections (100 mg/kg subcutaneously, daily for 10 days) of lithium chloride given to rats had no significant effect on the content of catecholamines and dihydroxyphenylalanine in the brain stem 1, and 4 h after the injections. In experiments on rabbits the compound (100 mg/kg, intravenously) increased the noradrenalin concentration in the thalamus, hypothalamus, reticular formation, and caudate nucleus. An increase in the dopamine content in the caudate nucleus was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in its concentration in the thalamus, hypothalamus, reticular formation, amygdala, and hippocampus.
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  • 5
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 80 (1975), S. 1107-1110 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: eminentia medialis ; adrenalectomy ; catecholamines ; peptidergic fibers ; arcuate nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of adrenergic and peptidergic fibers in the eminentia medialis of the tuber cinereum of rats was studied 3 weeks after bilateral adrenalectomy. An increase in the intensity of fluorescence in the outer zone of the eminentia medialis and an increase in the number of strongly fluorescent bodies of the neurons in the arcuate nucleus were found. Numerous nerve fibers with bright green fluorescence could be seen in the inner zone. In the outer zone, many peptidergic nerve fibers appeared. Differences in the response to adrenalectomy in the rostral, middle, and caudal zones of the eminentia medialis are described.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: catecholamines ; peroxidation of lipids ; membranes ; antioxidants ; chemical kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of catecholamines on chain peroxidation of lipids in the liver mitochondrial membranes in the presence of Fe++ ions was studied by a very weak chemiluminescence method. Catecholamines between concentrations of 10−6 and 10−4 M were shown to inhibit this process. By a mathematical investigation of the kinetics of the process constants of antioxidative activity of the catecholamines were calculated, as follows: for noradrenalin 1.13·104 M−1, adrenalin 1.04·104 M−1, dopamine 7.6·103 M−1, and dopa 5·103 M−1. The antioxidative action of the catecholamines was linked with the presence of a free phenol group in their molecule. The mechanism of inhibition consists of interaction between catecholamines and free radicals leading the oxidation chains. It is postulated that the antioxidative action of catecholamines may have an important role in the regulation of the permeability of biological membranes.
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  • 7
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 79 (1975), S. 330-333 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: gastro-intestinal tract ; catecholamines ; intramural nerve cells ; luminescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The neuronal composition of the intramural plexuses of the gastro-intestinal tract in cats was studied by luminescence microscopy. The intramural ganglia were found to contain three populations of neurons. The neurons of the first population showed no specific catecholamine fluorescence. Those of the second population had fluorescence of the perikaryon and processes. The perikarya of the third neuron population were not fluorescent but adrenergic synapses were seen on their surface. Intraperitoneal injection of exogenous noradrenalin (1 mg) led to an increase in the number of neurons of the third population with specific fluorescence. On this basis it was concluded that as well as parasympathetic intramural neurons the intramural ganglia of the gastro-intestinal tract also contain sympathetic cells, most of which exhibit specific fluorescence only after their mediator content has been artificially increased.
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  • 8
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 79 (1975), S. 418-420 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: catecholamines ; adrenomimetics ; methylxanthines ; nicotinamide coenzymes ; rat myocardium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In experiments on rats, after intraperitoneal injection of theophylline the content of oxidized forms of pyridine nucleotides (NAD+NADP) was reduced by 19.4%, the level of the reduced forms (NAD·H2+NADP·H2) showed a tendency to decrease, and the total content of nicotinamide coenzymes was significantly reduced. After administration of caffeine the content of NAD+NADP and the total pyridine nucleotides showed a tendency to decrease. Theobromine had no significant effect on these parameters. The action of catecholamines and methylxanthines was compared. Isoproternol (exciting β-adrenergic receptors) lowered the NAD+NADP content, but adrenalin (25 μg/kg) increased the content of both oxidized (by 24%) and reduced (48%) forms of pyridine nucleotides. An increase in the dose of adrenalin (1000 μg/kg) led to a decrease in the level of oxidized forms (by 22.2%) and of the total nicotinamide coenzymes (by 18%).
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  • 9
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 79 (1975), S. 508-510 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: adrenals ; catecholamines ; enzymes of synthesis ; physical fatigue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ability of the adrenals to synthesize catecholamines in the presence of various substrates was investigated in vitro. Experiments were carried out on rats under normal conditions and after swimming for 8 h. In the physically fatigued animals the conversion of noradrenalin, DOPA, and tyrosine, added in vitro, into catecholamines was inhibited, on the basis of which depression of the activity of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase, dopa decarboxylase and, possibly, tyrosine hydroxylase was postulated. After the end of swimming, and in the presence of L-tyrosine as substrate, noradrenalin synthesis was activated first (on the second day), and this was followed by gradual restoration (on the 7th day) of normal adrenalin synthesis. In rats trained for two months, in response to swimming for 8 h the degree of depression of catecholamine synthesis in the adrenals was much smaller than in untrained rats.
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  • 10
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 79 (1975), S. 582-584 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: neurons of spinal ganglia ; catecholamines ; adrenergic nerve fibers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The spinal ganglia of 45 cats were studied by the method of Falck and Hillarp in Krokhina's modification, and parallel investigations were made by Nissl and Unna's methods, staining for lipofuscin, and by the Masson-Fontana method for serotonin. Two types of neurons were discovered: neurons of one type had yellowish-white granules in the region of the axon hillock and speckled yellowish granules and diffuse greenish luminescence in the perikaryon, while those of the second type had orange granules, gathered into small clumps all over the region of the perikaryon. Neurons of both types were surrounded by single adrenergic nerve fibers.
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  • 11
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 79 (1975), S. 481-483 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: lingual papillae ; catecholamines ; sympathetic system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The action of efferent stimulation on unit activity of the taste receptors of the frog tongue was studied. A deficiency of catecholamines following reserpine administration or perfusion of the lingual vessels with adrenoblocking agents (inderal, dibenamine) prevents centrifugal inhibition, whereas perfusion with an adrenomimetic (adrenalin) potentiates this effect. These effects of adrenergic substances were also observed in animals after bilateral extirpation of the first ganglion of the sympathetic chain. It is concluded that catecholamines present in the papillae are essential for central inhibitory effects on activity of the taste receptor apparatus.
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  • 12
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 79 (1975), S. 633-635 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: 2,4-dinitrophenol ; energy deficit ; myocardium ; catecholamines ; electrolyte metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After intravenous injection of 2,4-dinitrophenol in a dose of 10 mg/kg, destruction of the mitochondria in some myocardial muscle cells was accompanied by hyperfunction of these organelles in others. The noradrenalin content in the heart tissue was increased, but the potassium level was reduced. With a more severe energy deficit (20 and 30–40 mg/kg 2,4-dinitrophenol) signs of destruction predominated in the mitochondria of the myocardial cells, the noradrenalin concentration in the heart tissue fell, but the potassium level in the plasma and myocardium rose. The adrenalin concentration in the heart and adrenal tissue fell. A severe energy deficit gave rise to a syndrome of hyperkaliemia linked with discharge of potassium into the blood stream from the tissue depots.
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  • 13
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 79 (1975), S. 281-283 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: adenine nucleotides ; blood vessel wall ; catecholamines ; sympatholytics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experiments on rabbits showed that a single injection of octadine (guanethidine) (10 mg/kg) 3 h, or of bretylium (10 mg/kg) 1 h, before the investigation caused no change in the content of adenine nucleotides or inorganic phosphorus in the wall of the aorta. A decrease in the catecholamine level was observed after administration of octadine. Bretylium, whether injected once or repeatedly, caused no change in the tissue catecholamine concentration. Repeated injection of these preparations in the same doses daily for 10 days caused an increase in the AMP level but no significant change in the concentrations of the other adenine nucleotides or of inorganic phosphorus. The increase in the AMP level could be one possible mechanism of the pharmaco-mechanical relaxation of the smooth muscle of the vessel wall.
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  • 14
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 273 (1975), S. 109-111 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff in organ. Substanzen ; Volumetrie ; Proben von 30–300 μg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The carbon- and hydrogen determination in 0.2–2 mg of organic sample, in which an automated titrimetric finish and a conversion of water into carbon dioxide was employed, was made suitable for samples of 30–300 μg. No radical changes in the apparatus are necessary. The time of an analysis is about 15 min or less. The standard deviation calculated from 20 analyses of sucrose is for C and H 0.23% abs. and 0.17% abs., resp.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Kohlenstoff- und Wasserstoffbestimmung in Proben von 0,2–2 mg, bei der die Verbrennungsprodukte Kohlendioxid und Wasser (nach Konversion in Kohlendioxid) titimetrisch bestimmt werden, wurde mit kleinen Abänderungen derselben Apparatur zur Bestimmung in Proben von 30–300 μg angepaßt. Die Analysendauer bleibt beschränkt auf 15 min oder weniger. Die Standardabweichung, errechnet aus 20 Analysen von Saccharose, beträgt ür C bzw. H 0,23% bzw. 0,17% abs.
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  • 15
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 273 (1975), S. 288-288 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Cäsium als Cs-Mg-Cyanoferrat(II) ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 16
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 29-29 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Hydrazin ; Volumetrie ; Oxidation mit KMnO4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 17
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 30-30 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Eisen in Marmor ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 18
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 126-126 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Mercaptanen, Xanthogenaten, Disulfiden, organ ; Volumetrie ; N-Bromsuccinimid als Reagens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 19
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 304-304 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kobalt mit Tropolon ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 20
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 383-383 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Xanthaten, Dithiocarbamaten ; Volumetrie ; oxidimetr., wasserunlösl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 21
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 204-204 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Nitrit ; Volumetrie ; Oxidation mit Dichromat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 22
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 275-279 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Bindung von Alkalien durch ÄDTA ; Volumetrie ; dilatometrischer Endpunkt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe dilatometrischer Titrationen wird der komplexe Einbau von Alkaliionen in das ÄDTA-Chelatsystem verfolgt. Die Auswertung der Titrationskurven erlaubt einerseits die Angabe der pK-Werte für die einzelnen Komplexe, andererseits die Berechnung des Hydrathüllenvolumens der Alkaliionen. Außerdem kann gezeigt werden, daß Li- und Na-Ionen, sofern sie sich im Überschuß befinden, mit ÄDTA Ionenpaare bilden.
    Notes: Abstract The incorporation of alkali ions into the EDTA chelate system is followed by the dilatometric titration method. Evaluation of the titration curves permits, on one hand, the determination of the pK values for the individual complexes and, on the other hand, it allows the calculation of the volume of hydration sphere. Moreover, it can be shown that Li and Na ions, so long they are present in excess, form ion pairs with EDTA.
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  • 23
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 287-287 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Thioharnstoffen, Mercaptanen mit Phenyljodosoacetat ; Volumetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 24
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 276 (1975), S. 189-191 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Metallionen ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA, alkalimetr. Methode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die in der Komplexometrie zur Bestimmung von einigen Metallionen angewandte alkalimetrische Titration, die auf der Bestimmung der bei der Bildung von ÄDTE-Metallkomplexen freiwerdenden H+ beruht, wurde unter Anwendung der Glaselektrode weiterentwickelt. Durch die Weiterentwicklung konnte eine bequemere Arbeitsweise mit einfacher Indikation bei großer Genauigkeit erzielt werden. Die Methode ist für ungepufferte Lösungen von Cd, Co, Cu, Mn(II), Pb und Zn anwendbar. Hg und Ca müssen in 50% äthanolischer Lösung titriert werden. Die relative Standardabweichung beträgt ca. ± 0,3%.
    Notes: Abstract The EDTA-titration for the determination of various metal ions by alkalimetry (based on the determination of H+ set free during the formation of EDTA-metal complexes) was further developed by using the glass electrode. With the improved method it was possible to make the determination more comfortable with a simple indication and a good accuracy. It is suitable for unbuffered solutions of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn(II), Pb and Zn. Hg and Ca must be titrated in 50% ethanolic solution. The relative standard deviation is approximately ± 0.3%.
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