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  • Other Sources  (487)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (299)
  • FLUID MECHANICS  (188)
  • 550 - Earth sciences
  • Polymer and Materials Science
  • 1970-1974  (487)
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  • 1974  (487)
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  • 1970-1974  (487)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959
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  • 1
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    The Coanda effect in gas-dynamic noise control (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The principle types of silencers are discussed for gas dynamic noise of free steam and gas expansions, as well as the results of research in gas dynamics of jets and applied acoustics. Gas dynamic noise attenuation by means of the Coanda effect is due to fluid decompression in a Coanda ejector of the external type, where a structural change takes place in the acoustic frequency spectrum and in its direction, as well as a substantial decrease in the fluid's velocity, temperature and concentration. This process is continued in the second phase with absorption of the acoustic waves by means of an active structure.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 143-149
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  • 2
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    Lifting-surface theory for a semi-infinite wing in oblique gust (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An unsteady lifting-surface theory is developed for the calculation of the airload on a semi-infinite-span thin wing in a compressible flow due to interaction with an oblique gust. By using the solutions obtained for a two-dimensional wing, the problem is formulated so that the unknown is taken to be the difference between the airload on the semi-infinite wing and that on a two-dimensional wing under the same gust conditions. Since this airload difference is nonzero only near the wing tip, the control points need be distributed in the tip region only; this significantly simplifies the numerical procedure. Results are presented for a wing with rectangular tip. The implication for noise and unsteady loads due to blade-vortex interaction for helicopter rotors is discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Dec. 197
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  • 3
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    Planetary entry aerothermodynamics. II - Computational analyses and flight experience (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Limitations concerning the possibility to simulate all the significant flow and thermal phenomena occurring during the entry of a space vehicle into a planetary atmosphere make it necessary to rely on computational analyses to obtain the required data for the design of the spacecraft needed for the NASA missions planned for the next two decades. 'Benchmark' computer programs concerned with complete, detailed, and accurate computational solutions of entry problems are considered along with programs representing engineering approximations for cases in which the accuracy provided by the benchmark programs is not needed. The information obtainable by computational analysis has to be supplemented by actual flight experience in order to meet the goals of the NASA entry-technology program. The individual space missions planned for the coming years are examined together with the possibilities for obtaining the data needed to satisfy the entry requirements in each case.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 12; Dec. 197
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  • 4
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    New diagnostic technique for the study of turbulent boundary-layer separation (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of a diagnostic technique for determining the unsteady character of turbulent boundary-layer separation. The technique uses thin platinum films mounted flush with the model surface. Voltages from these films provide measurements related to the flow character above the film. For illustration, results obtained by this technique are presented for the interaction of a hypersonic shock wave and a turbulent boundary layer, with and without separation.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Oct. 197
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  • 5
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    Analysis of acoustic radiation in a jet flow environment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The analysis of sound fields from arbitrary source distributions in terms of Legendre and spherical Hankel functions is well known. The purpose of this paper is to extend this classical method of analysis to environments such as jet flows where flow and flow gradients are inherently present. The wave-equation governing the radiation of sound in such an environment is derived. The steady state flow and flow gradients in the axial and transverse directions appear as coefficients in the terms of the wave-equation. A semi-numerical method is used to solve the wave-equation in terms of modified spherical harmonics yielding the phase velocities and the directivities of an infinite set of modes. The directivity of each mode is obtained in terms of modified Legendre functions by numerical integration. Some results of these directivity and phase-velocity calculations are presented for a limited number of frequency and flow parameters. Both convective and shear refraction are shown to be important.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 36; Sept. 8
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  • 6
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    Reynolds-shear-stress measurements in a compressible boundary layer within a shock-wave-induced adverse pressure gradient (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 65; Aug. 12
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  • 7
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    Unified approach to aerodynamic sound generation in the presence of solid boundaries (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A general equation governing aerodynamic sound generation in the presence of solid boundaries is derived. It is shown that all the theories in the literature appear as special cases of this general equation. Derived special equations for propeller and fan noise are likewise shown to be more general than the conventional equations in that they make allowance for variation in retarded time over the blade surfaces.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Acoustical Society of America; vol. 56
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  • 8
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    Evolution of a moderately short turbulent boundary layer in a severe pressure gradient (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The early and intermediate development of a highly accelerated (or decelerated) turbulent boundary layer is analyzed. For sufficiently large accelerations (or pressure gradients) and for total normal strains which are not excessive, the equation for the Reynolds shear stress simplifies to give a stress that remains approximately constant as it is convected along streamlines. The theoretical results for the evolution of the mean velocity in favourable and adverse pressure gradients agree well with experiment for the cases considered. A calculation which includes mass injection at the wall is also given.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 64; July 24
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  • 9
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    Automatic numerical generation of body-fitted curvilinear coordinate system for field containing any number of arbitrary two-dimensional bodies (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A method for automatic numerical generation of a general curvilinear coordinate system with coordinate lines coincident with all boundaries of a general multi-connected region containing any number of arbitrarily shaped bodies is presented. With this procedure the numerical solution of a partial differential system may be done on a fixed rectangular field with a square mesh with no interpolation required regardless of the shape of the physical boundaries, regardless of the spacing of the curvilinear coordinate lines in the physical field, and regardless of the movement of the coordinate system. Numerical solutions for the lifting and nonlifting potential flow about Joukowski and Karman-Trefftz airfoils using this coordinate system generation show excellent comparison with the analytic solutions. The application to fields with multiple bodies is illustrated by a potential flow solution for multiple airfoils.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Computational Physics; 15; July 197
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  • 10
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    Analysis of propagation of waves of acoustic frequencies in curved ducts (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The propagation of waves of acoustic frequencies in curved ducts of rectangular cross section is studied for the first four modes. The analysis makes use of Bessel functions of the order (n + 1/2) to construct curves of wavenumber in the duct versus imposed wavenumber and to determine the profile of vibrational velocities. A wide range of duct widths and unrestricted radii of curvature have been considered. The characteristics of motion in a bend are compared with propagation of waves in a straight duct, and important differences in the behavior of waves are noted.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Acoustical Society of America; vol. 56
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  • 11
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    Axial flow measurements in trailing vortices (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A scanning laser Doppler velocimeter was used to measure the axial velocity defect in the cores of trailing vortices behind a lifting airfoil of rectangular planform. Data were obtained at several different angles of attack and downstream distances ranging from 30 to 1000 chord lengths. The test was designed to obtain continuous data from the near field into the far field while removing uncertainties associated with the interpretation of data obtained by the hydrogen bubble technique. The measured velocities of V sub x/U sub infinity are compared with those predicted. The agreement is remarkably good over the entire range of downstream distances, which supports the credibility of calculating axial velocities using the results of Moore and Saffman (1973).
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Aug. 197
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  • 12
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    Turbulent diffusion with memories and intrinsic shear (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The first part of the present theory is devoted to the derivation of a Fokker-Planck equation. The eddies smaller than the hydrodynamic scale of the diffusion cloud form a diffusivity, while the inhomogeneous, bigger eddies give rise to a nonuniform migratory drift. This introduces an eddy-induced shear which reflects on the large-scale diffusion. The eddy-induced shear does not require the presence of a permanent wind shear and is intrinsic to the diffusion. Secondly, a transport theory of diffusivity is developed by the method of repeated-cascade and is based upon a relaxation of a chain of memories with decreasing information. The full range of diffusion consists of inertia, composite, and shear subranges, for which variance and eddy diffusivities are predicted. The coefficients are evaluated. Comparison with experiments in the upper atmosphere and oceans is made.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung; vol. 29a
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  • 13
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    On numerical methods to impose asymptotic boundary conditions of boundary-layer equations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The error minimization method proposed by Nachtsheim and Swigert (1965) to satisfy the asymptotic boundary conditions of boundary layer equations is proved to be equivalent to imposing the condition of fastest decay. As a consequence, a uniqueness problem is not arising in the solutions of boundary layer equations obtained by their method.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Computers and Fluids; 2; Mar. 197
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  • 14
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    Method for producing a uniform, low Reynolds number jet (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In one attempt to produce a simple inexpensive nozzle, a 2-in. diam plate with 37 holes was investigated (Stadler, 1960), anticipating that the small jets emanating from the plate would combine to form a uniform stream. This experiment was unsuccessful because a uniform flow was not established until the flow had progressed many nozzle diameters downstream. However, an extension of this concept to a much larger number of very small jets, viz., a porous plate, did provide a method for producing a uniform, low Reynolds number jet almost immediately downstream of the nozzle (Greene, 1973). The method is described and some typical jet velocity profiles for nozzle Reynolds numbers from 50 to 1000 are given.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; Aug. 197
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  • 15
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    Vortex measurements behind a swept wing transport model (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A backscatter laser Doppler velocimeter which simultaneously senses the axial and the tangential components of the velocity has been used to measure the velocity distributions in the near wake of a swept wing semispan transport model in a wind tunnel. The model configuration included nacelles, pylons, antishock bodies, and wing flaps which could be deflected 27 deg. Typical wake vortex velocity profiles are presented for the flaps-retracted and the flaps-deployed 27 deg configurations, respectively.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 11; June 197
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  • 16
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    Approach to the origin of turbulence on the basis of two-point kinetic theory (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Equations for the fluctuation correlation in an incompressible shear flow are derived on the basis of kinetic theory, utilizing the two-point distribution function which obeys the BBGKY hierarchy equation truncated with the hypothesis of 'ternary' molecular chaos. The step from the molecular to the hydrodynamic description is accomplished by a moment expansion which is a two-point version of the thirteen-moment method, and which leads to a series of correlation equations, viz., the two-point counterparts of the continuity equation, the Navier-Stokes equation, etc. For almost parallel shearing flows the two-point equation is separable and reduces to two Orr-Sommerfeld equations with different physical implications.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Physics of Fluids; 17; Jan. 197
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  • 17
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    Computation of steady nozzle flow by a time-dependent method (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The equations of motion governing steady, inviscid flow are of a mixed type, that is, hyperbolic in the supersonic region and elliptic in the subsonic region. These mathematical difficulties may be removed by using the so-called time-dependent method, where the governing equations become hyperbolic everywhere. The steady-state solution may be obtained as the asymptotic solution for large time. The object of this research was to develop a production type computer program capable of solving converging, converging-diverging, and plug two-dimensional nozzle flows in computational times of 1 min or less on a CDC 6600 computer.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Apr. 197
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  • 18
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    Shock shapes of blunt bodies in hypersonic helium, air, and CO2 flows (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A primary factor governing hypersonic flowfield characteristics of blunt vehicles entering planetary atmospheres is the normal shock density ratio. Hence, a means of duplicating or simulating the high density ratios experienced during planetary entry is needed. One facility having the capability of generating a range of hypersonic-hypervelocity flow conditions in arbitrary test gases is the expansion tube. Preliminary shock shape results obtained in the Langley 6-in. expansion tube at hypersonic conditions are presented. Normal shock density ratios from approximately 4 to 19 were generated using helium, air, and CO2 test gases at freestream velocities from 5 to 7 km/sec. Test models were a flat-faced cylinder and the Viking aeroshell.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Mar. 197
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  • 19
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    Flow properties in expansion tube with helium, argon, air, and CO2 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Test flow velocities from 5 to 7 km/sec were generated in a 6-in. expansion tube using helium, argon, air, and CO2 test gases. Pitot pressure profiles across the flow at the test section are presented for the four test gases, and measured flow quantities are compared to computer predicted values. Comparison of predicted and measured flow quantities suggests the expansion to be near thermochemical equilibrium for all test gases and implies the existence of a totally reflected shock at the secondary diaphragm. Argon, air, and CO2 flows were observed to attenuate while traversing the acceleration section, whereas no attenuation was observed for helium.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Apr. 197
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  • 20
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    Non-equilibrium ionized blast wave (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The structure of a cylindrical blast wave with ionization at non-LTE conditions was calculated using equations previously developed by Wu and Fu (1970). The degree of ionization was predicted by a modified Saha equation. Temperature profiles show that the temperature at non-LTE conditions is lower than at LTE near the shock front. This corresponds to a higher degree of ionization for the non-LTE limit, which indicates that the neutral gas absorption is much more efficient at non-LTE than at the LTE limit. The decaying velocity under non-LTE is approximately 15% less than under LTE.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Physical Society of Japan; vol. 36
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  • 21
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    Computation of transonic flow about lifting wing-cylinder combinations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Some results are described for a lifting rectangular wing centrally located on a circular-cylindrical body. This simple configuration has been utilized in order to assess the merits of a mapping technique for wing-body configurations. The procedure employed makes use of a coordinate transformation to simplify specification of the surface boundary condition in the computation of the flow about the wing. The method can be extended to incorporate wing sweep, finite length body of noncircular cross section, and arbitrary wing placement; however, these extensions involve a considerable increase in complexity of the problem.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 11; Apr. 197
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  • 22
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    A vortex entrainment model applied to slender delta wings (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A mathematical model of the vortex flow over a slender sharp-edged delta wing is proposed, and is shown to provide good agreement with the experiment. Although the technique requires experimental data in the form of the vortex core locations, it does account for the previously ignored mass entrainment of the vortex core.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Jan. 197
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  • 23
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    Extraction of derivatives from flight data for several aircraft, using the LRC interactive computer system (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Results are presented of a procedure for estimating stability and control parameters from flight data, by using maximum likelihood methods employing an interactive computer system, which was established at the NASA Langley Research Center. Problems encountered are discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 49-76
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  • 24
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    Identification of aircraft stability and control derivatives in the presence of turbulence (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A maximum likelihood estimator for a linear system with state and observation noise is developed to determine stability and control derivatives from flight data obtained in the presence of turbulence. The formulation for the longitudinal short-period mode is presented briefly, including a special case that greatly simplifies the problem if the measurement noise on one signal is negligible. The effectiveness and accuracy of the technique are assessed by applying it first to simulated flight data, in which the true parameter values and state noise are known, then to actual flight data obtained in turbulence. The results are compared with data obtained in smooth air and with wind-tunnel data. The complete maximum likelihood estimator, which accounts for both state and observation noise, is shown to give the most accurate estimate of the stability and control derivatives from flight data obtained in turbulence. It is superior to the techniques that ignores state noise and to the simplified method that neglects the measurement noise on the angle-of-attack signal.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 77-114
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  • 25
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    A comparison of two methods of extracting stability derivatives from flight test data (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Two methods for extracting stability derivatives from flight data are compared. A modified Newton-Raphson quasilinearization minimization technique and a digital-analog (hybrid) matching technique were used to analyze the same data maneuvers obtained from two aircraft. About 70 maneuvers from an F-111E aircraft were analyzed over a Mach number range of 0.3 to 2.0 and an angle of attack range of 3 to 19 degrees. About 20 maneuvers were analyzed for the X-24A lifting body at Mach numbers of 0.5, 0.8, and 0.9, and an angle of attack range of 4 to 13 degrees. Stability derivatives were extracted from these maneuvers and the results from the two techniques, along with wind tunnel results, were compared.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Flight Res. Center Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 43-48
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  • 26
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    Correlation for estimating vortex rotational velocity downstream dependence (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of a correlation, derived from water tank measurements in the wake of wings towed under water, that makes it possible to predict the downstream distance behind an aircraft in flight where its trailing vortex will begin to decay. Comparisons of measured and predicted data are discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 27
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    Roll-up of aircraft trailing vortices using artificial viscosity (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The artificial viscosity method of Kuwahara and Takami (1973) is used to calculate the roll-up of trailing vortices behind a number of practical aerodynamic configurations. Where possible, the results are compared for core location with available experimental data.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 28
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    Remarks on the decay of homogeneous turbulence from a given state (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A previous theory which did not require a usual closure assumption required three or more initial spectra. By allowing a simple physical assumption (a modification of Kovasznay's (1948) hypothesis), the required number of spectra is reduced to two. Agreement with experiment is good.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Physics of Fluids; 17; Mar. 197
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  • 29
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    Influence of ablation impurities on blunt body re-entry ionization (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Electron density profiles which include the effect of an ablated sodium impurity were computed for the boundary layer on a blunt-nosed body re-entering the atmosphere at 7.62 km/sec. Profiles are computed from the nose to a distance of four diameters along the RAM C-payload. A finite-difference, laminar, nonequilibrium chemistry boundary-layer program was used. Comparison of theory with S-band diagnostic antenna results, electron concentration deduced from X- and C-band attenuation data, and Langmuir probe data at several different aft body locations show that agreement is good at high altitude. At the lower altitudes there is disagreement between theory and S-band antenna data where the apparent discrepancy is attributed to the three-body recombination rate constant used for deionization of sodium coupled with the effect of angle of attack.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; June 197
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  • 30
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    Progress and problems in erosion prediction (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Methods for predicting erosion resulting from repeated localized impulsive loadings, such a impacts from droplets or in cavitation flow from microjets and bubbles, are examined. The parameters which determine the adequacy of a component to resist the loads put upon it are identified. The development of erosion rate models is discussed. The expected accuracy of the prediction and the sources of error are analyzed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failure; p 107-114
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  • 31
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    Effects of viscoelasticity on cavitation in drag reducing fluids (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: To study cavitation inception in polymer solutions, a blow-down water tunnel with short running times was used. Tests were made using 1/4 and 1/2 inch diameter models of hemispherical-nose cylinders. To accurately detect the inception of cavitation, a reliable technique was developed using a continuously operating He-Ne gas laser. The laser beam was adjusted to grazing incidence with the model at the minimum pressure point where cavitation inception was to be expected. A sensitive photocell was placed at ninety degrees to detect the beam. As incipient cavitation occurred, the bubbles caused scattering of the laser beam which was picked up by the photocell. Static pressure near the model in the working section of the tunnel was measured using a solid-state pressure pick-up. The signals from the photocell and the pressure pick-up were recorded on an oscillograph. Velocity field visualization was achieved using one microsecond duration light pulses scattered by small polystryrene latex spheres in the flow.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 100-106
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  • 32
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    Effect of cavitation on fluid stability in polymer thickened fluids and lubricants (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The effects of cavitating flow on the polymeric additives used in functional fluids are described. A comparison of thermal and mechanical stability tests for these polymer solutions show distinct differences in the machanism of the polymer degradation. The thermal degradation tests appear to cause an unzippering or depolymerization type of reaction in which there is no particular selectivity based on molecular weight. The mechanical degradation of these fluids appears to be based on molecular weight. Measurements of molecular weight distributions during mechanical degradation show that for a given level of intensity only molecules above a certain minimum size are degraded. The effects of ultrasonic radiation on polymer degradation are reported. Tests were conducted to demonstrate the mechanism of mechanical polymer degradiation in an orifice. A more severe test than the orifice test in which two tapered roller bearings loaded against each other produce the mechanical breakdown is discussed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 88-99
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    Lubricant pressure rippling in dynamic Hertzian contacts induced by surface roughness (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A numerical analysis of the pressure distribution of a lubricant in contact with a rough surface was conducted. The magnitude of the pressures was determined by their root mean square value for the contact of two dimensional cylinders. The pressure was found to vary in the following manner: (1) the location in the contact, (2) the spectrum or frequency content of the surface roughness, (3) the mean plateau film thickness, and (4) the root mean square value of the surface roughness. Mathematical models are developed to show the relationships of the parameters.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 62-73
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    Examples of oil cavitation erosion in positive displacement pumps (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The effects of cavitation flow on piston type, positive displacement, hydraulic pumps are discussed. The operating principles of the pump and the components which are most subject to erosion effects are described. The mechanisms of cavitation phenomena are identified from photographic records. Curves are developed to show the solubility of air in water, oil-water emulsion, and industrial hydraulic oil.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 48-53
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    Some practical examples of cavitation erosion and their prevention (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The problem of failures caused by cavitation erosion are discussed. The concepts of intensity of erosion, erosion strength, and the time dependence of erosion rate are analyzed. The relation of these parameters to system variables such as pressure and velocity, and to the properties of materials are investigated. Using several examples of actual cavitation erosion, methods of prevention and their limitations are examined.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 39-47
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    Recent theories of cavitation damage including non-symmetrical bubble collapse effects (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Theories of cavitation damage mechanisms are discussed. Photographic evidence has shown that the actual collapse of bubbles near a symmetry-destroying feature such as a nearby wall results in a toroidal-like collapse, with the final generation of a liquid microjet oriented toward the wall. Numerical analyses indicate that the shock wave intensity emitted during collapse is not likely to be strong enough to be damaging to most materials. It has been determined that actual damage is usually a result of a combination of impact effect of the microjet and the shock wave pressures generated by bubble rebounds.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 31-35
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    The role of mechanical properties in cavitation erosion resistance (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Methods for determining the correlations of erosion resistance and mechanical properties of materials are discussed. The most common method of testing cavitation erosion resistance of materials is the vibratory cavitation probe. The instrument and its operation are described. The use of the whirling arm device is considered as a second method. Metallographic investigations of the earliest stages of cavitation erosion damage of metallic materials was conducted. The materials show plastic deformation occurring during the incubation period and increasing until cracks form and metal fragments are lost. The parameters of the work done to cause material fractures are identified. The reactions obtained with specific materials are reported.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 23-30
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  • 38
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    Role of physical properties of liquids in cavitation erosion (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The dependence of erosion rates on the ambient temperature of water is discussed. The assumption that the gas inside the bubble is compressed adiabatically during collapse gives better agreement with experiments than the assumption that the gas is isothermally compressed. Acoustic impedance is an important liquid parameter that governs the erosion intensity in vibratory devices. The investigation reveals that the major physical properties of liquids governing the intensity of erosion include density, sound speed, surface tension, vapor pressure, gas content, and nuclei distribution.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 13-22
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  • 39
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    Physics associated with cavitation induced material damage (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The role of cavitation in mechanical failure is discussed. Some of the most common types of material damage associated with the presence of cavitation are surface material removal, delamination and structural vibration. This occurs in external flows such as on propellers, hydrofoils, and high speed non-lifting surfaces. In internal flows, pipe bends, inlets, constructions, pumps and turbines are typical. Nominally nonflowing liquids are also susceptible in, for example, strong acoustic fields and high energy particle detectors. For flowing systems, Bernoulli's equation shows how a local pressure is reduced as the fluid's velocity is increased. At sufficiently high velocities, a tension can actually develop and this has, in fact, been demonstrated experimentally. Once the pressure is reduced below the fluid vapor pressure a vapor cavity can be nucleated. Various aspects of this process are simply shown by considering the flow over a lifting surface.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 3-12
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  • 40
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    Some after-dinner reflections on system identification (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The growth of the field of system identification is discussed along with changes in methodology which have taken place in recent years. The similarity between pattern recognition and system identification is pointed out, involving the modelling in the latter and the feature selection problem in the former. It is stated that once a model is formulated, including the disturbances and measurement errors, the parameter finding can be formulated as a statistical estimation problem. The various techniques and their application are discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Flight Res. Center Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 381-385
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    Systems identification - reprise and projections (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A state-of-the-arts review is given for the field of system identification. Progress in the field is traced from the early models of dynamic systems by Sir Isaac Newton up to the present day use of advanced techniques for numerous applications.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 375-379
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  • 42
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    A new criterion for modeling systems (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The criterion that is proposed is an expected value of the mean square response error as an alternative to testing a model against new data. Modeling with respect to this new criterion does not change the estimate for a given model format from a maximum likelihood estimate or mean square response error estimate. The new criterion does, however, provide a means of comparing models with different formats and varying complexity. A numerical example is used to illustrate the application of the proposed criteria and the problem of searching for the best model. For all but the most trivial system identification problems, it is shown that a prohibitive number of combinations of terms of the model must be investigated to ensure the final model is best.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 291-313
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  • 43
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    Effects of flight instrumentation errors on the estimation of aircraft stability and control derivatives (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An error analysis program based on an output error estimation method was used to evaluate the effects of sensor and instrumentation errors on the estimation of aircraft stability and control derivatives. A Monte Carlo analysis was performed using simulated flight data for a high performance military aircraft, a large commercial transport, and a small general aviation aircraft for typical cruise flight conditions. The effects of varying the input sequence and combinations of the sensor and instrumentation errors were investigated. The results indicate that both the parameter accuracy and the corresponding measurement trajectory fit error can be significantly affected. Of the error sources considered, instrumentation lags and control measurement errors were found to be most significant.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 261-280
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  • 44
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    Nonlinear parameter identification: Ballistic range experience applicable to flight testing (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The parameter identification scheme being used is a differential correction least squares procedure (Gauss-Newton method). The position, orientation, and derivatives of these quantities with respect to the parameters of interest (i.e., sensitivity coefficients) are determined by digital integration of the equations of motion and the parametric differential equations. The application of this technique to three vastly different sets of data is used to illustrate the versatility of the method and to indicate some of the problems that still remain.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 191-195
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  • 45
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    Aerodynamics of jet flap and rotating cylinder flap STOL concepts (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: The aerodynamic effectiveness of various propulsive lift concepts to provide for the low speed performance and control required for short takeoff and landing aircraft is discussed. The importance of the interrelationship between the propulsion system and aerodynamic components of the aircraft is stressed. The relative effectiveness of different lift concepts was evaluated through static and wind tunnel tests of various aerodynamic models and propulsion components, simulations of aircraft, and in some cases, flight testing of research aircraft incorporating the concepts under study. Results of large scale tests of lift augmentation devices are presented. The results of flight tests of STOL research aircraft with augmented jet flaps and rotating cylinder flaps are presented to show the steeper approach flight paths at low forward speeds.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD V/STOL Aerodyn.; 6 p
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  • 46
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    Wall shear in strongly retarded and separated compressible turbulent boundary layers (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Oct. 197
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  • 47
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    Experimental study of the shock-induced unsteady laminar boundary layer on a flat plate (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The behavior of the unsteady laminar boundary layer induced by the incident shock wave passing over a flat plate mounted in a shock tube has been experimentally studied for shock speeds ranging from 2.35 to 7.34 km/sec by measuring unsteady heat transfer rates to the plate using thin-film heat-flux gages. Theoretical heat-transfer rates were predicted from analytical solutions in the literature which describe the unsteady flat plate boundary layer development for equilibrium real-gas flows. Experimental results obtained for both air and nitrogen were found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Physics of Fluids; 17; May 1974
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  • 48
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    A generalized-capacity-matrix technique for computing aerodynamic flows (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A numerical generalized-capacity-matrix technique is developed for application to aerodynamic flow computations. This technique allows the very fast direct (noniterative) numerical elliptic solvers to be used in problems with arbitrary internal boundaries and with a wide class of boundary conditions, including numerical application of the Kutta condition on an airfoil without iteration. Accuracy, speed, and usefulness of the technique are demonstrated with linear problems for potential flows over airfoil shapes. The method's main advantages, however, can be exploited within iterative procedures for a variety of complex flow problems governed by systems of equations not necessarily elliptic or linear.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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    Fast direct numerical solution of the nonhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann equations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A fast direct (noniterative) 'Cauchy-Riemann Solver' is developed for solving the finite-difference equations representing systems of first-order elliptic partial differential equations in the form of the nonhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann equations. The method is second-order accurate and requires approximately the same computer time as a fast cyclic-reduction Poisson solver. The accuracy and efficiency of the direct solver are demonstrated in an application to solving an example problem in aerodynamics: subsonic inviscid flow over a biconvex airfoil. The analytical small-perturbation solution contains singularities, which are captured well by the computational technique. The algorithm is expected to be useful in nonlinear subsonic and transonic aerodynamics.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Computational Physics; 15; May 1974
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  • 50
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    Estimation of longitudinal aerodynamic coefficients and comparison with wind-tunnel values (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Some recent experience at Ames Research Center in the estimation of aerodynamic coefficients for the Lear-Jet and the Augmentor Wing Jet STOL Research Aircraft is reviewed. The coefficients estimated from flight data are compared with values based on large-scale wind-tunnel tests. The results obtained by the regression and quasilinearization identification techniques are also compared. The regression method generally provides the lower standard deviation in the coefficient estimates and provides the better fit to the wind-tunnel values. The addition of nonlinear terms in the aerodynamic equations decreases the difference between the estimated and measured time histories but also increases the standard deviation in the estimated coefficient values.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 125-148
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  • 51
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    Conservation equations of gasdynamics in curvilinear coordinate systems (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of a new method of writing the conservation equations of gasdynamics in curvilinear coordinates which eliminates undifferentiated terms. It is thus possible to readily apply difference schemes derived for Cartesian coordinates which conserve mass, momentum, and energy in the total flow field. The method is derived for orthogonal coordinates, and then extended to cover the most general class of coordinate transformations, using general tensor analysis. Several special features of the equations are discussed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Computational Physics; 14; Feb. 197
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  • 52
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    Vortex-induced heating to cone flaps at Mach 6 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Discussion of the local heating effect on the lee-side control flaps of supersonic configurations due to the interaction between vortices and leeward control surfaces at an angle of attack. Considerations are given for an appropriate positioning of control flaps to alleviate such interactions and the resulting thermal effect. Tests are carried out on a sharp right circular cone with two types of flap configurations in a study of oil flow patterns about the cone at selected angles of attack. Splitting of flaps and moving them to positions away from the symmetry plane did reduce the heating but also reduced the average flap pressure and increased flow complexity.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; Mar. 197
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    An improved static probe design (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A new static probe design is described in which the static holes are located much closer to the tip than in conventional probes. The new probe shows promise for use in some situations where conventional probes become highly inaccurate. An additional advantage of the new design is that, when used in static pressure survey rakes, the probes can be located much closer together than in conventional designs and still ensure that disturbances from neighboring probe tips do not affect the static readings.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Apr. 197
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  • 54
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    Vortex-induced heating to a cone-cylinder body at Mach 6 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Presented data on vortex-induced heating in a cone-cylinder body at Mach 6 show that the most severe heating need not occur as a result of the interaction of the primary vortices with the lee surface, even though this interaction produces a large, well-defined featherline oil smear. It is pointed out that the severity of vortex-induced heating is extremely sensitive to Reynolds number and geometry and that there exists a 'threshold Reynolds number' below which vortex-induced heating decreases abruptly.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; Feb. 197
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    Comments on Crocco's solution and the independence principle for compressible turbulent boundary layers (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The purpose of the present note is to show that on a flat plate where both the wall temperature and mean wall pressure are constant, neither of the limitations of parallel flow or of unity for the turbulent Prandtl number are required in order for the Crocco solution to apply to the turbulent boundary-layer flow. It is shown herein that this result is subject to restrictions on the magnitude of pressure fluctuations. The same analysis is generalized to show that the compressible turbulent boundary layer on an isothermal swept flat plate is independent of the spanwise flow if the molecular Prandtl number is unity.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Feb. 197
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    Simulation of real-gas effects for Mars entry (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The changes in aerodynamic characteristics due to real-gas effects associated with high speed flight (characterized by large shock density ratios) are primarily the result of changes in surface pressures acting on the forebody. The surface pressures are affected by a change in shock density ratio (real-gas effects) in two ways. First, the level of pressure at the stagnation point relative to freestream dynamic pressure is changed, and second, the distribution of surface pressure relative to stagnation-point pressure is changed. The density-ratio effect on the stagnation point pressure level can be estimated by considering the flow of a perfect gas about a blunt body.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; Jan. 197
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  • 57
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    V/STOL aerodynamics: A review of the technology (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: An analysis of the development and technological applications of V/STOL aircraft is presented. The use of V/STOL aircraft to overcome the limitations of conventional aircraft is discussed. The aspects of V/STOL aircraft which are considered are: (1) economic penalties of propulsive lift, (2) advantages of propulsive lift, (3) potential improvements in V/STOL aircraft, (4) the aerodynamics of V/STOL aircraft, and (5) proposals for additional research in V/STOL development.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD V/STOL Aerodyn.; 13 p
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    A general purpose stabilised balloon platform (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The development of a three axis stabilized balloon platform capable of being operated in three modes of increasing accuracy is discussed. The system relies on angular motion sensing for primary feedback with linear accelerometers, magnetometers, and a star sensor for positional information. When under primary control the system will acquire and stabilize on any accessible part of the celestial sphere. A video verification system is included to provide pointing confirmation. Under improved accuracy control, the star sensor is used to lock onto a target star.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 284-293
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    Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories balloon operations (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The establishment and functions of the AFCRL balloon operations facility are discussed. The types of research work conducted by the facility are defined. The facilities which support the balloon programs are described. The free balloon and tethered balloon capabilities are analyzed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 160-164
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    Balloon platform for extended-life astronomy research (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A configuration has been developed for a long-life balloon platform to carry pointing telescopes weighing as much as 80 pounds (36 kg) to point at selected celestial targets. A platform of this configuration weighs about 375 pounds (170 kg) gross and can be suspended from a high altitude super pressure balloon for a lifetime of several months. The balloon platform contains a solar array and storage batteries for electrical power, up and down link communications equipment, and navigational and attitude control systems for orienting the scientific instrument. A biaxial controller maintains the telescope attitude in response to look-angle data stored in an on-board computer memory which is updated periodically by ground command. Gimbal angles are computed by using location data derived by an on-board navigational receiver.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 136-144
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    An orientable, stabilized balloon-borne gondola for around-the-world flights (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A system capable of pointing a balloon-borne telescope at selected celestial objects to an accuracy of approximately 10 arc minutes for an extended period (weeks to months) without reliance on telemetry is described. A unique combination of a sun/star tracker, an on-board computer, and a gyrocompass is utilized for navigation, source acquisition and tracking, and data compression and recording. The possibilities for intelligent activities by the computer are also discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 71-80
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    Experimental and analytical studies in tilt-rotor aeroelasticity (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An overview of an experimental and analytical research program underway for studying the aeroelastic and dynamic characteristics of tilt-rotor VTOL aircraft is presented. Selected results from several investigations of scaled models in the transonic dynamics tunnel, as well as some results from a test of a flight-worthy proprotor in the full-scale wind tunnel are shown and discussed with a view toward delineating various aspects of dynamic behavior peculiar to proprotor aircraft. Included are such items as proprotor/pylon stability, whirl flutter, gust response, and blade flapping. Theoretical predictions are shown to be in agreement with the measured stability and response behavior.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Its Rotorcraft Dyn.; p 171-184
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    Theory and comparison with tests of two full-scale proprotors (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A nine degrees-of-freedom theoretical model was developed for investigations of the dynamics of a proprotor operating in high inflow axial flight on a cantilever wing. The theory is described, and the results of the analysis are presented for two proprotor configurations: a gimballed, stiff-inplane rotor, and a hingeless, soft-inplane rotor. The influence of various elements of the theory are discussed, including the modeling used for the blade and wing aerodynamics, and the influence of the rotor lag degree of freedom. The results from full-scale tests of the two proprotors are presented and compared with the theoretical results.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Its Rotorcraft Dyn.; p 159-169
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    Studies of liquid floating zones on SL-IV, the third Skylab mission (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The behavior of liquid floating zones in a zero-gravity environment was studied by Dr. E. Gibson on SL-4. These experiments were designed from the results of previous work on floating zones in a simulated zero-gravity model. Molten floating zones are used on earth for the crystal growth and zone refining of reactive materials. The Skylab studies give some insight into the problems associated with the development of the technique for the future space processing of materials. Preliminary results are presented on the stability of the liquid zone surface under static, rotational and vibrational conditions without gravitational constraints.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 3d Space Processing Symp. on Skylab Results, Vol. 2; p 837-856
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    Fluid motions in a low-G environment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The importance of natural convection and other fluid motions in low-g space processing is now well recognized. Recent space experiments in the areas of natural convection and material processing, as well as results of theoretical studies, have yielded much needed information on fluid behavior in low-g environments. The state of knowledge of fluid motions in low-g environments is reviewed and the dimensional analysis approach used to assess the relative importances of various driving forces for fluid flow in four of the Skylab material processing experiments outlined. Results of dimensional analyses for the Skylab experiments, subsequently confirmed by actual space data, are presented. Finally, the limits of dimensional analysis in assessment studies are indicated.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the 3d Space Processing Symp. on Skylab Results, Vol. 2; p 691-727
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    Comparison of the experimental aerodynamic characteristics of theoretically and experimentally designed supercritical airfoils (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A lifting airfoil theoretically designed for shockless supercritical flow utilizing a complex hodograph method has been evaluated in the Langley 8-foot transonic pressure tunnel at design and off-design conditions. The experimental results are presented and compared with those of an experimentally designed supercritical airfoil which were obtained in the same tunnel.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3082 , L-9548 , NAS 1.15:X-3082
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    A study of the nonlinear aerodynamics of bodies in nonplanar motion (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Concepts from the theory of functionals are used to develop nonlinear formulations of the aerodynamic force and moment systems acting on bodies in large-amplitude, arbitrary motions. The analysis, which proceeds formally once the functional dependence of the aerodynamic reactions upon the motion variables is established, ensures the inclusion, within the resulting formulation, of pertinent aerodynamic terms that normally are excluded in the classical treatment. Applied to the large-amplitude, slowly varying, nonplanar motion of a body, the formulation suggests that the aerodynamic moment can be compounded of the moments acting on the body in four basic motions: steady angle of attack, pitch oscillations, either roll or yaw oscillations, and coning motion. Coning, where the nose of the body describes a circle around the velocity vector, characterizes the nonplanar nature of the general motion.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TR-R-421 , A-5057
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  • 68
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    Simple methods for determining the virtual origin of turbulent boundary layers in hypersonic flow on sharp-edged flat plates (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two methods for determining the virtual origin of turbulent boundary layers in hypersonic flow are evaluated. The results of the analyses are restricted to wind-tunnel models having sharp-edged surfaces with zero or small pressure gradients. Virtual origin and skin friction estimates from these two methods are compared with values from a base method for which the virtual origin is calculated from the measured momentum thickness at a station downstream of boundary layer transition.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: ASME PAPER 74-APM-V
    Format: text
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  • 69
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    Experiments on confined turbulent jets in cross flow (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Results are reported of experiments on the effects of an opposite wall on the characteristics of turbulent jets injected into a cross flow, for unheated and heated jets. Longitudinal and transverse distributions of velocity and temperature are presented for single and multiple circular jets, and trajectories are presented for two-dimensional jets. The opposite wall has relatively little effect on a single jet unless the ratio of jet to cross flow momentum flux is large enough for the jet to impinge on the opposite wall. For a row of jets aligned perpendicularly to the cross flow, the opposite wall exerts progressively larger influence as the spacing between jets decreases. Much of the effect of jet and wall proximity can be understood by considering the interaction of the vortex flow which is the major feature of the structure of a single jet in a cross flow. Smoke photographs are shown to elucidate some of the interaction patterns.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-2392
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  • 70
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    Decay of far flow field in trailing vortices (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A finite difference machine code is used in the wake vortex problems in the quasi-cylindrical boundary layer approximation. A turbulent energy model containing new features is developed that accounts for the major effects disclosed by more advanced models in which the parameters are not yet established. Several puzzles that arose in previous theoretical investigations of wake vortices are resolved.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7568 , A-5181
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  • 71
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    Forward slanted slot throat stability bypass to increase the stable airflow range of a Mach 2.5 inlet with 60 percent internal contraction (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The results of an experimental investigation to increase the stable airflow operating range of a supersonic mixed-compression inlet are presented. Two forward-slanted slot stability-bypass entrance configurations were tested. In terms of diffuser-exit corrected airflow, a large inlet stable airflow range of 18.5 percent was obtained with the superior configuration if a constant pressure was maintained in the bypass plenum. Limited unstart angle-of-attack data are presented.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-2973 , E-7706
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  • 72
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    Effect of screen-induced total-pressure distortion on axial-flow compressor stability (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experimental investigation was made to determine the effects of screen-induced total-pressure distortions on two J85-GE-13 turbojet engines. Results were compared to those from a previous program run with a third engine. All compressors were found to be sensitive to a critical angle of circumferential distortion equal to 60 deg., and they all adhered closely to the parallel compressor model. The sensitivity of compressor exit pressure to virtually any type of distortion pattern can be determined by defining stall lines for undistorted, hub radial distorted, and tip radial distorted inflows. The effect of multiple sectors of circumferential distortion is defined.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3017 , E-7792
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  • 73
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    Effect of throttling on interface behavior and liquid residuals in weightlessness (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experimental investigation was conducted to study liquid-vapor interface behavior and subsequent vapor ingestion in a flat-bottomed cylindrical tank following a single-step throttling in outflow rate in a weightless environment. A throttling process in which the final Weber number was one-tenth of the initial Weber number tended to excite large-amplitude symmetric slosh, with the amplitude generally increasing as initial Weber number increased. As expected, liquid residuals were lower than those obtained without throttling and, for moderate values of initial Weber number, could be adequately predicted by assuming that all draining took place at the final Weber number. At large values of Weber number, residuals tended to be lower than this predicted value.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3034 , E-7833
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  • 74
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    Comparison of measured and calculated velocity profiles of a laminar incompressible free jet at low Reynolds numbers (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A comparison of the measured and calculated velocity profiles of a laminar, incompressible, low Reynolds number jet is presented. The experimental jet was produced by a nozzle which consists of a porous metal plate covering the end of a pipe. This nozzle produces a uniform exit velocity profile at Reynolds numbers well below those at which conventional contoured nozzles are completely filled by the boundary layer. A jet mixing analysis based on the boundary-layer equations accurately predicted the velocity field for each test condition. The Reynolds number based on nozzle diameter ranged from 50 to 1000 with jet exit velocity either 30 or 61 m/s (100 or 200 ft/sec).
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7510 , L-9277
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  • 75
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    An experimental investigation of wall boundary layer transition Reynolds numbers in an expansion tube (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experimental measurements of boundary-layer transition in an expansion-tube test-gas flow are presented along with radial distributions of pitot pressure. An integral method for calculating constant Reynolds number lines for an expansion-tube flow is introduced. Comparison of experimental data and constant Reynolds number calculations has shown that for given conditions, wall boundary-layer transition occurs at a constant Reynolds number in an expansion-tube flow. Operating conditions in the expansion tube were chosen so that the effects of test-gas nonequilibrium on boundary-layer transition could be studied.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7541 , L-9337
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  • 76
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    Combined Quadrupole-dipole Model for Inlet Flow Distortion Noise from a Subsonic Fan (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A combined quadrupole-dipole model has been developed for the noise generated by inlet flow distortion in a subsonic fan. A formula is derived for the total upstream-radiated acoustic power in each tone as a function of the design parameters of the fan and the properties of the inlet flow distortion. Numerical results are obtained for values of the parameters corresponding to various quiet fans. The analysis is compared with noise measurements taken on a 51-cm (20-in.) diameter research fan as well as with those taken on a number of full-scale fan stages. Fairly good agreement was obtained. It should therefore be possible to use this model to study the noise-reduction potential of the various fan design parameters.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7676 , E-7881
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  • 77
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    Low speed aerodynamic characteristics of NACA 6716 and NACA 4416 airfoils with 35 percent-chord single-slotted flaps (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An investigation was conducted in a low-turbulence pressure tunnel to determine the two-dimensional lift and pitching-moment characteristics of an NACA 6716 and an NACA 4416 airfoil with 35-percent-chord single-slotted flaps. Both models were tested with flaps deflected from 0 deg to 45 deg, at angles of attack from minus 6 deg to several degrees past stall, at Reynolds numbers from 3.0 million to 13.8 million, and primarily at a Mach number of 0.23. Tests were also made to determine the effect of several slot entry shapes on performance.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-2623 , L-8410
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  • 78
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    The application of Riegels' rule and time-like damping to transonic flow calculations (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Finite difference relaxation solutions of the nonlinear small perturbation equations have proven reliable and successful in determining the transonic flowfields about thin airfoils. However, application of the small perturbation approach to thick airfoils usually results in an accuracy less than desirable. The incorporation of Riegels' Rule and time-like damping into the small perturbation approach and their application to thick and thin airfoils in transonic flow are discussed. Studies for thick and thin airfoils are presented. It is concluded that Riegels' Rule and damping should both be included in small perturbation transonic flow calculations.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-138181 , TAMRF-3033-7401 , AIAA Southwestern Student Paper Competition; Arlington, TX; United States
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  • 79
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    A weak interaction study of the viscous flow about oscillating airfoils (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An incompressible inviscid and a viscous flow calculation procedure is developed by assuming the viscous correction to the inviscid flow pressure distribution is small (weak interaction) to predict the flow about airfoils oscillating in pitch and heave. The calculations made in the investigation predict the detailed viscous flow regions including transition and separation phenomena and provide a detailed analysis of leading edge separation, transition, and reattachment. Results from the calculation show the leading edge viscous flow field to be quasi-steady although the imposed inviscid pressure distribution shows significant unsteady effects. Although unable to predict the flow field about a stalled airfoil, the indications are that the present procedure can indicate the onset of catastrophic flow separation.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132425
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  • 80
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    Topics in structural dynamics: Nonlinear unsteady transonic flows and Monte Carlo methods in acoustics (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The results are reported of two unrelated studies. The first was an investigation of the formulation of the equations for non-uniform unsteady flows, by perturbation of an irrotational flow to obtain the linear Green's equation. The resulting integral equation was found to contain a kernel which could be expressed as the solution of the adjoint flow equation, a linear equation for small perturbations, but with non-constant coefficients determined by the steady flow conditions. It is believed that the non-uniform flow effects may prove important in transonic flutter, and that in such cases, the use of doublet type solutions of the wave equation would then prove to be erroneous. The second task covered an initial investigation into the use of the Monte Carlo method for solution of acoustical field problems. Computed results are given for a rectangular room problem, and for a problem involving a circular duct with a source located at the closed end.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-138110 , ESS-4022-113-74
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  • 81
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    Flight Reynolds number effects on a contoured boattail nozzle at subsonic speeds (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A contoured boattail nozzle typical of those used on a twin-engine fighter was tested on an underwing nacelle mounted on an F-106B aircraft. The gas generator was a J85-GE-13 turbojet engine. The effects of Reynolds number, Mach number, and angle of attack on boattail drag and boattail pressure profiles were investigated. Increasing Reynolds number caused a slight reduction in boattail drag at both Mach 0.7 and 0.9. The nozzle had relatively low boattail drag even though the flow was separated over a large portion of the boattail.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3053 , E-7818
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  • 82
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    An Analytical Investigation of Wing-Jet Interaction (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The aerodynamic interaction between the wing and an inviscid jet with Mach number nonuniformity is formulated by using a two-vortex-sheet model for the jet. One of the vortex sheets accounts for the induced jet flow and the other the induced outer flow. No additional source distribution is needed for the jet at an angle of attack. The above problem is solved by satisfying the jet and wing tangency and the jet pressure-continuity conditions and using a quasi vortex lattice method for computing the induced flow field. The latter method is derived through theoretical consideration by properly accounting for singularities present in the equations and possesses the same simplicity and generality as the conventional vortex lattice method but has a better rate of numerical convergence. The resulting system of algebraic equations is solved by Purcell's vector method. The numerical formulation is first applied to the wing-slipstream interaction problem. Results for one centered-jet configuration are compared with those predicted by some existing theories.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-138140 , CRINC-FRL-74-001
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  • 83
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    Flutter suppression and gust alleviation using active controls (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The effects of active controls on the suppression of flutter and gust alleviation of two different types of subsonic aircraft (the Arava, twin turboprop STOL transport, and the Westwind twin-jet business transport) are investigated. The active controls are introduced in pairs which include, in any chosen wing strip, a leading-edge (LE) control and a trailing-edge (TE) control. Each control surface is allowed to be driven by a combined linear-rotational sensor system, located on the activated strip. The control law, which translates the sensor signals into control surface rotations, is based on the concept of aerodynamic energy. The results indicate the extreme effectiveness of the active systems in controlling flutter. A single system spanning 10% of the wing semispan made the Arava flutter-free, and a similar active system, for the Westwind aircraft, yielded a reduction of 75% in the maximum bending moment of the wing and a reduction of 90% in the acceleration of the cg of the aircraft. Results for simultaneous activation of several LE - TE systems are presented. Further work needed to bring the investigation to completion is also discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-138658 , TAE-198
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  • 84
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    The passage of an infinite swept airfoil through an oblique gust (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An approximate solution is reported for the unsteady aerodynamic response of an infinite swept wing encountering a vertical oblique gust in a compressible stream. The approximate expressions are of closed form and do not require excessive computer storage or computation time, and further, they are in good agreement with the results of exact theory. This analysis is used to predict the unsteady aerodynamic response of a helicopter rotor blade encountering the trailing vortex from a previous blade. Significant effects of three dimensionality and compressibility are evident in the results obtained. In addition, an approximate solution for the unsteady aerodynamic forces associated with the pitching or plunging motion of a two dimensional airfoil in a subsonic stream is presented. The mathematical form of this solution approaches the incompressible solution as the Mach number vanishes, the linear transonic solution as the Mach number approaches one, and the solution predicted by piston theory as the reduced frequency becomes large.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-2395
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  • 85
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    Wind tunnel blockage and support interference effects on winged-body models at Mach numbers from 0.6 to 1.0 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Three sting-mounted winged-body models with tunnel blockages of 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 percent were tested in the Lewis Research Center's 8- by 6- Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel. Fuselage pressures were obtained over a Mach number range of 0.6 to 1.0 at angles of attack from 0 deg to 4 deg. Two other types of model support were investigated, which included simulated wing-tip and fuselage support-strut mountings. The effects of tunnel porosity and sidewall geometry were also investigated. Model blockage effects were small up to M sub 0 = 0.95. At higher speeds the major blockage effect observed was a displacement of the local transonic terminal shocks on the model. The effects of the wing-tip type of model support were small up to M sub 0 = 0.95, but disturbances were observed on the fuselage at higher speeds. Changes in local tunnel porosity were effective in reducing the disturbances up to M sub 0 = 0.975, but a change in sidewall geometry was not.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3011 , E-7596
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  • 86
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    An experimental study of the validity of the heat-field concept for sonic-boom alleviation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experimental program was carried out in the NASA-Langley 4 ft x 4 ft supersonic pressure tunnel to investigate the validity of the heat-field concept for sonic boom alleviation. The concept involves heating the flow about a supersonic aircraft in such a manner as to obtain an increase in effective aircraft length and yield an effective aircraft shape that will result in a shock-free pressure signature on the ground. First, a basic body-of-revolution representing an SST configuration with its lift equivalence in volume was tested to provide a baseline pressure signature. Second, a model having a 5/2-power area distribution which, according to theory, should yield a linear pressure rise with no front shock wave was tested. Third, the concept of providing the 5/2-power area distribution by using an off-axis slender fin below the basic body was investigated. Then a substantial portion (approximately 40 percent) of the solid fin was replaced by a heat field generated by passing heated nitrogen through the rear of the fin.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-2381 , ATR-74(7218)-1
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  • 87
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    Estimation of deviation angle for axial-flow compressor blade sections using inviscid-flow solutions (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Development of a method of estimating deviation angles by analytical procedures was begun. Solutions for inviscid, irrotational flow in the blade-to-blade plane were obtained with a finite-difference calculation method. Deviation angles for a plane cascade with a rounded trailing edge were estimated by using the inviscid-flow solutions and three trailing-edge hypotheses. The estimated deviation angles were compared with existing experimental data over a range of incidence angles at inlet flow angles of 30 deg and 60 deg. The results indicate that deviation angles can be estimated accurately (within 1 deg) by using one of the three trailing-edge hypotheses, but only when pressure losses are low. A new trailing-edge hypotheses is presented which is suitable (for the cascade considered) for both low- and high-loss operating points.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7549 , E-7453
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  • 88
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    Normal loads program for aerodynamic lifting surface theory (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A description of and users manual are presented for a U.S.A. FORTRAN 4 computer program which evaluates spanwise and chordwise loading distributions, lift coefficient, pitching moment coefficient, and other stability derivatives for thin wings in linearized, steady, subsonic flow. The program is based on a kernel function method lifting surface theory and is applicable to a large class of planforms including asymmetrical ones and ones with mixed straight and curved edges.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-62326
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  • 89
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    Cold-air study of the effect on turbine stator blade aerodynamic performance of coolant ejection from various trailing-edge slot geometries. 1: Experimental results (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Trailing-edge slot configurations were investigated in a two-dimensional cascade of turbine stator blades. The trailing-edge slots were incorporated into blades with round trailing edges. The five blade configurations investigated included blades with two different trailing-edge thicknesses and four different slot widths. The results of the investigation showed that there was, in general, a significant increase in primary-air efficiency due to the coolant flow, the increase varying with slot configuration. For the five configurations tested, the average percent change in primary-air efficiency per percent coolant flow varied almost linearly from zero to about 1.4 percent over a range of coolant- to primary-air exit-velocity ratios between 0 and 1.2. However, for different configurations there was considerable deviation from the average values in the lower range of exit velocity ratios.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3000 , E-7743
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  • 90
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    Drag and distribution measurements of single-element fuel injectors for supersonic combustors (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The drag caused by several vortex generating fuel injectors for scramjet combustors was measured in a Mach 2 to 3.5 airstream. Injector drag was found to be strongly dependent on injector thickness ratio. The distribution of helium injected into the stream was measured both in the near field and the far field of the injectors for a variety of pressure ratios. The far field results differed appreciably from measurements in the near field. Injection pressure ratio was found to profoundly influence the penetration. One of the aerowing configurations tested yielded low drag consistent with desirable penetration and spreading characteristics.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3015 , E-7662
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  • 91
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    Numerical calculations of two dimensional, unsteady transonic flows with circulation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The feasibility of obtaining two-dimensional, unsteady transonic aerodynamic data by numerically integrating the Euler equations is investigated. An explicit, third-order-accurate, noncentered, finite-difference scheme is used to compute unsteady flows about airfoils. Solutions for lifting and nonlifting airfoils are presented and compared with subsonic linear theory. The applicability and efficiency of the numerical indicial function method are outlined. Numerically computed subsonic and transonic oscillatory aerodynamic coefficients are presented and compared with those obtained from subsonic linear theory and transonic wind-tunnel data.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7605 , A-5265
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  • 92
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    A rapid numerical solution to subsonic flow over planar and axisymmetric profiles at an angle of attack of 0 deg (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A numerical solution is presented for the incompressible flow over thin planar and axisymmetric profiles at an angle of attack of 0 degrees. The method uses a finite-difference field solution to the governing equation with a Gauss-Seidel successive overrelaxation scheme. However, the use of a simple Cartesian grid system restricts this method to slender profiles. Results are presented for a cambered airfoil, airfoil in wall effect (two-dimensional flowthrough inlet), body of revolution, and flowthrough nacelle. A computer program is presented which can be used for any of the previously mentioned cases with simple input changes. Results for compressible flow are available with the use of the appropriate two-dimensional or axisymmetric compressibility corrections. Computational time for a typical field calculation of 3000 grid points and 200 cycles through the field is less than 1 minute with less than 50,000 octal storage on the Control Data Corporation 6600 computing system.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7410 , L-8904
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  • 93
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    Numerical calculations of velocity and pressure distribution around oscillating airfoils (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An analytical procedure based on the Navier-Stokes equations was developed for analyzing and representing properties of unsteady viscous flow around oscillating obstacles. A variational formulation of the vorticity transport equation was discretized in finite element form and integrated numerically. At each time step of the numerical integration, the velocity field around the obstacle was determined for the instantaneous vorticity distribution from the finite element solution of Poisson's equation. The time-dependent boundary conditions around the oscillating obstacle were introduced as external constraints, using the Lagrangian Multiplier Technique, at each time step of the numerical integration. The procedure was then applied for determining pressures around obstacles oscillating in unsteady flow. The obtained results for a cylinder and an airfoil were illustrated in the form of streamlines and vorticity and pressure distributions.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-2368
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  • 94
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    Equation solving program for aerodynamic lifting surface theory (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A description of and user's manual are presented for one of a group of FORTRAN programs which, together, can be used for the analysis and design of wings in steady, subsonic flow according to a kernel function method lifting surface theory. This particular program is the one which solves the sets of simultaneous, linear, algebraic equations arising from the thin wing analysis. This program has the capability of striking out rows and columns of the aerodynamic influence matrix and rows of the associated boundary condition vectors (right hand sides). This capability significantly enhances the effectiveness of the kernel function method of lifting surface theory because studies of the convergence of solutions with the number of control points can be done with the calculation of only a single influence matrix.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-62325
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 95
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    Research turbine for high temperature core engine application. 1: Cold-airoverall performance of solid scaled turbine (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A solid, half-scale model of a 50.8-cm (20-in) research turbine designed for a high temperature core engine application was investigated over a range of speeds and pressure ratios. The results of this test are presented. The effect of rotor blade twist was also investigated. At the design equivalent speed and specific work output, the total efficiency of the turbine with untwisted rotor blades was 87.1 percent; at the same pressure ratio the efficiency of the turbine with twisted rotor blades was 88.0 percent.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7557 , E-7592
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 96
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    Wind tunnel investigation of aerodynamic characteristics of a scale model of a D5 bulldozer and an M109 self-propelled 155 mm Howitzer (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Wind tunnel tests were conducted on a scale model of a D5 bulldozer and an M109 self-propelled 155 MM howitzer to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of these typical externally-suspended heavy lift helicopter cargo configurations. Tests were made over a large range of pitch and yaw attitudes at a nominal Reynolds number per unit length of 1.5 x 10 to the 6th power.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-62330
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 97
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    Fixed-base simulation study of decoupled controls during approach and landing of a STOL transport airplane (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A fixed-base visual simulation study has been conducted to evaluate the use of decoupled controls as a means for reducing pilot workload during approach and landing of an externally blown jet-flap short take-off and landing (STOL) transport. All six rigid-body degrees of freedom were employed with the aerodynamic characteristics based on wind-tunnel data. The primary piloting task was to use a flight director to capture and maintain a two-segment glide slope, with a closed-circuit television display of a STOL airport used during simulations of the flare and landing. The decoupled longitudinal controls used constant prefilter and feedback gains to provide steady-state decoupling of flight-path angle, pitch angle, and forward velocity. The pilots were enthusiastic about the decoupled longitudinal controls but believed the decoupled concept offered no significant advantage over conventional controls in the lateral mode.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7363 , L-8825
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 98
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    Unknown
    Fast response vanes for sensing flow patterns in helicopter rotor environment (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Wind tunnel experiments were conducted on four small-scale flow-direction vanes for the determination of aerodynamic response. The tests were further extended to include a standard sized low-inertia vane currently employed in aircraft flight testing. The four test vanes had different aspect ratios and were about 35 percent of the surface area of the standard vane. The test results indicate satisfactory damping and frequency response for all vanes tested and compare favorably with the standard design.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132545
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 99
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    Radiation-gas dynamic shock layer coupling (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The present work considers theoretically the problem of radiation losses on the shock layer during hypersonic flight, and in particular, results are presented for the stagnation line shock layer for a wide variety of flight conditions, providing a new overview of radiation-gas dynamic coupling within a shock layer. The present results are based on a previous model (Engel, Farmer, et al., 1973) of a viscous radiating shock layer. An important result is that the radiation-gas dynamic coupling effect on the radiative heating can be related to a single parameter, namely, the radiative cooling parameter, whereas the effect on the shock layer thickness is not a simple function of this parameter.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Aug. 197
    Format: text
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  • 100
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    Mach disk from underexpanded axisymmetric nozzle flow (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The flowfield associated with the underexpanded axisymmetric nozzle freejet flow including the appearance of a Mach disk has been studied. It is shown that the location and size of the Mach disk are governed by the appearance of a triple-point shock configuration and the condition that the central core flow will reach a state of 'choking at a throat'. It is recognized that coalescence of waves requires special attention and the reflected wave, as well as the vorticity generated from these wave interactions, have to be taken accurately into account. The theoretical results obtained agreed well with the experimental data.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Aug. 197
    Format: text
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