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  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (106)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1935-1939
  • 1930-1934
  • 1925-1929
  • 1974  (106)
Collection
Keywords
Years
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (106)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1935-1939
  • 1930-1934
    • +
Year
  • 1
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    Economic modeling and energy policy planning (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-07
    Description: A structural economic model is presented for estimating the demand functions for natural gas and crude oil in industry and in steam electric power generation. Extensions of the model to other commodities are indicated.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Chamber of Commerce Proc. of the 1st 1974 Technol. Transfer Conf.; p 239-243
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  • 2
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    Rocket engine heat transfer and material technology for commercial applications (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-07
    Description: Liquid fueled rocket engine combustion, heat transfer, and material technology have been utilized in the design and development of compact combustion and heat exchange equipment intended for application in the commercial field. An initial application of the concepts to the design of a compact steam generator to be utilized by electrical utilities for the production of peaking power is described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Chamber of Commerce Proc. of the 1st 1974 Technol. Transfer Conf.; p 61-88
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  • 3
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    Applications of aerospace technology in the electric power industry (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-07
    Description: Existing applications of NASA contributions to disciplines such as combustion engineering, mechanical engineering, materials science, quality assurance and computer control are outlined to illustrate how space technology is used in the electric power industry. Corporate strategies to acquire relevant space technology are described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Chamber of Commerce Proc. of the 1st 1974 Technol. Transfer Conf.; p 89-96
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  • 4
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    Adaptations of advanced safety and reliability techniques to petroleum and other industries (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-07
    Description: The underlying philosophy of the general approach to failure reduction and control is presented. Safety and reliability management techniques developed in the industries which have participated in the U.S. space and defense programs are described along with adaptations to nonaerospace activities. The examples given illustrate the scope of applicability of these techniques. It is indicated that any activity treated as a 'system' is a potential user of aerospace safety and reliability management techniques.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Proc. of the 1st 1974 Technol. Transfer Conf.; p 133-142
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  • 5
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    Energy recovery from solid waste (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-07
    Description: A recent group study on the problem of solid waste disposal provided a decision making model for a community to use in determining the future for its solid waste. The model is a combination of the following factors: technology, legal, social, political, economic and environmental. An assessment of local or community needs determines what form of energy recovery is desirable. A market for low pressure steam or hot water would direct a community to recover energy from solid waste by incineration to generate steam. A fuel gas could be produced by a process known as pyrolysis if there is a local market for a low heating value gaseous fuel. Solid waste can also be used directly as a fuel supplemental to coal in a steam generator. An evaluation of these various processes is made.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Chamber of Commerce Proc. of the 1st 1974 Technol. Transfer Conf.; p 121-132
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  • 6
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    Solar energy: Technology and applications (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is pointed out that in 1970 the total energy consumed in the U.S. was equal to the energy of sunlight received by only 0.15% of the land area of the continental U.S. The utilization of solar energy might, therefore, provide an approach for solving the energy crisis produced by the consumption of irreplaceable fossil fuels at a steadily increasing rate. Questions regarding the availability of solar energy are discussed along with the design of solar energy collectors and various approaches for heating houses and buildings by utilizing solar radiation. Other subjects considered are related to the heating of water partly or entirely with solar energy, the design of air conditioning systems based on the use of solar energy, electric power generation by a solar thermal and a photovoltaic approach, solar total energy systems, industrial and agricultural applications of solar energy, solar stills, the utilization of ocean thermal power, power systems based on the use of wind, and solar-energy power systems making use of geosynchronous power plants.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 7
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    Geothermal steam condensate reinjection (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Geothermal electric generating plants which use condensing turbines and generate and excess of condensed steam which must be disposed of are discussed. At the Geysers, California, the largest geothermal development in the world, this steam condensate has been reinjected into the steam reservoir since 1968. A total of 3,150,000,000 gallons of steam condensate has been reinjected since that time with no noticeable effect on the adjacent producing wells. Currently, 3,700,000 gallons/day from 412 MW of installed capacity are being injected into 5 wells. Reinjection has also proven to be a satisfactory method of disposing of geothermal condensate a Imperial Valley, California, and at the Valles Caldera, New Mexico.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 340-344
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  • 8
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    Combining total energy and energy industrial center concepts to increase utilization efficiency of geothermal energy (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Integrating energy production and energy consumption to produce a total energy system within an energy industrial center which would result in more power production from a given energy source and less pollution of the environment is discussed. Strong governmental support would be required for the crash drilling program necessary to implement these concepts. Cooperation among the federal agencies, power producers, and private industry would be essential in avoiding redundant and fruitless projects, and in exploiting most efficiently our geothermal resources.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 325-330
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  • 9
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    Cooperative efforts by industry and government to develop geothermal resources (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Federal government's current plans for participation in the geothermal field appear to affect four major areas of interest: (1) resources exploration and assessment, (2) resources utilization projects, (3) advanced research and technology, and (4) environmental, legal, and institutional research. Private industry is also actively involved in these same areas of interest. Because of lack of coordination and communication between the private and public sector, it appears that there will be considerable duplication of effort, and, in some cases, serious conflict. It is also likely that this lack of coordination and communication may result in lack of effort in some key areas. Close coordination and communication between government and industry may resolve some of the major problems that are clearly evident.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 331-334
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  • 10
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    Results of the first 150 days of the NTS-1 solar cell experiments (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Twelve solar cell experiments were on the Naval Research Laboratory NTS-1 satellite launched on 14 July 1974, into a 13,260 km circular orbit at an inclination of 125 deg. The experiment comprises: 2 ohm-cm n/p, lithium-diffused p/n, violet n/p, p(+) back surface field, and ultra-thin wrap around contact cells. The short-circuit current of the experiments ranged from 2 to 12 percent higher in space than under solar simulators. During the 5 year life of the satellite, the experiments will be exposed to radiation equivalent to 2 x 10 to the 15th power 1-MeV electron cm/2 and to nearly 5500 thermal cycles.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Proc. of the Sixth Ann. Precise Time and Time Internal (PTTI) Planning Meeting; p 503-511
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  • 11
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    Utility company views of geothermal development (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The views of geothermal development from a utility company standpoint are presented. The impediments associated with such developments as required reliability and identification of risks are discussed. The utility industry historically is not a risk-taking industry. Support of rapid geothermal development by the utility industry requires identification and elimination of risks or absorption of the risks by other agencies. Suggestions as to the identification and minimization of risks are made.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 345-348
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  • 12
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    The hydrogen sulfide emissions abatement program at the Geysers Geothermal Power Plant (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The scope of the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) abatement program at The Geysers Geothermal Power Plant and the measures currently under way to reduce these emissions are discussed. The Geysers steam averages 223 ppm H2S by weight and after passing through the turbines leaves the plant both through the gas ejector system and by air-stripping in the cooling towers. The sulfide dissolved in the cooling water is controlled by the use of an oxidation catalyst such as an iron salt. The H2S in the low Btu ejector off gases may be burned to sulfur dioxide and scrubbed directly into the circulating water and reinjected into the steam field with the excess condensate. Details are included concerning the disposal of the impure sulfur, design requirements for retrofitting existing plants and modified plant operating procedures. Discussion of future research aimed at improving the H2S abatement system is also included.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 319-323
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  • 13
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    Phase 0 study for a geothermal superheated water proof of concept facility (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A Phase 0 study for the selection of a representative liquid-dominated geothermal resource of moderate salinity and temperature is discussed. Selection and conceptual design of a nominal 10-MWe energy conversion system, and implementation planning for Phase 1: subsystem (component, experiments) and Phase 2: final design, construction, and operation of experimental research facilities are reported. The objective of the overall program is to demonstrate the technical and economic viability of utilizing moderate temperature and salinity liquid-dominated resources with acceptable environmental impact, and thus encourage commercial scale development of geothermal electrical power generation.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 312-315
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  • 14
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    Electric power generation using geothermal brine resources for a proof of concept facility (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An exploratory systems study of a geothermal proof-of-concept facility is being conducted. This study is the initial phase (Phase 0) of a project to establish the technical and economic feasibility of using hot brine resources for electric power production and other industrial applications. Phase 0 includes the conceptual design of an experimental test-bed facility and a 10-MWe power generating facility.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 310-311
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  • 15
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    Helical rotary screw expander power system (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An energy converter for the development of wet steam geothermal fields is described. A project to evaluate and characterize a helical rotary screw expander for geothermal applications is discussed. The helical screw expander is a positive displacement machine which can accept untreated corrosive mineralized water of any quality from a geothermal well. The subjects of corrosion, mineral deposition, the expansion process, and experience with prototype devices are reported.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 301-309
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  • 16
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    Geothermal down well pumping system (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A key technical problem in the exploitation of hot water geothermal energy resources is down-well pumping to inhibit mineral precipitation, improve thermal efficiency, and enhance flow. A novel approach to this problem involves the use of a small fraction of the thermal energy of the well water to boil and super-heat a clean feedwater flow in a down-hole exchanger adjacent to the pump. This steam powers a high-speed turbine-driven pump. The exhaust steam is brought to the surface through an exhaust pipe, condensed, and recirculated. A small fraction of the high-pressure clean feedwater is diverted to lubricate the turbine pump bearings and prevent leakage of brine into the turbine-pump unit. A project demonstrating the feasibility of this approach by means of both laboratory and down-well tests is discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 281-291
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  • 17
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    Investment and operating costs of binary cycle geothermal power plants (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Typical investment and operating costs for geothermal power plants employing binary cycle technology and utilizing the heat energy in liquid-dominated reservoirs are discussed. These costs are developed as a function of reservoir temperature. The factors involved in optimizing plant design are discussed. A relationship between the value of electrical energy and the value of the heat energy in the reservoir is suggested.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 292-300
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  • 18
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    Geothermal reservoir engineering research (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Stanford University research program on the study of stimulation and reservoir engineering of geothermal resources commenced as an interdisciplinary program in September, 1972. The broad objectives of this program have been: (1) the development of experimental and computational data to evaluate the optimum performance of fracture-stimulated geothermal reservoirs; (2) the development of a geothermal reservoir model to evaluate important thermophysical, hydrodynamic, and chemical parameters based on fluid-energy-volume balances as part of standard reservoir engineering practice; and (3) the construction of a laboratory model of an explosion-produced chimney to obtain experimental data on the processes of in-place boiling, moving flash fronts, and two-phase flow in porous and fractured hydrothermal reservoirs.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 268-280
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  • 19
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    Geothermal reservoir simulation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The prediction of long-term geothermal reservoir performance and the environmental impact of exploiting this resource are two important problems associated with the utilization of geothermal energy for power production. Our research effort addresses these problems through numerical simulation. Computer codes based on the solution of partial-differential equations using finite-element techniques are being prepared to simulate multiphase energy transport, energy transport in fractured porous reservoirs, well bore phenomena, and subsidence.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 256-267
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  • 20
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    Rock melting technology and geothermal drilling (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: National awareness of the potential future shortages in energy resources has heightened interest in exploration and utilization of a variety of geothermal energy (GTE) reservoirs. The status of conventional drilling of GTE wells is reviewed briefly and problem areas which lead to higher drilling costs are identified and R and D directions toward solution are suggested. In the immediate future, an expanded program of drilling in GTE formations can benefit from improvements in drilling equipment and technology normally associated with oil or gas wells. Over a longer time period, the new rock-melting drill bits being developed as a part of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory's Subterrene Program offer new solutions to a number of problems which frequently hamper GTE drilling, including the most basic problem - high temperature. Two of the most favorable characteristics of rock-melting penetrators are their ability to operate effectively in hot rock and produce glass linings around the hole as an integral part of the drilling process. The technical advantages to be gained by use of rock-melting penetrators are discussed in relation to the basic needs for GTE wells.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 239-255
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  • 21
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    The Marysville, Montana Geothermal Project (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Drilling the first geothermal well in Montana presented many challenges, not only in securing materials and planning strategies for drilling the wildcat well but also in addressing the environmental, legal, and institutional issues raised by the request for permission to explore a resource which lacked legal definition. The Marysville Geothermal Project was to investigate a dry hot rock heat anomaly. The well was drilled to a total depth of 6790 feet and many fractured water bearing zones were encountered below 1800 feet.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 213-224
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  • 22
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    Preliminary results of geothermal desalting operations at the East Mesa test site Imperial Valley, California (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Bureau of Reclamation has erected at its Geothermal Resource Development site two experimental test vehicles for the purpose of desalting hot fluids of geothermal origin. Both plants have as a feed source geothermal well Mesa 6-1 drilled to a total depth of 8,030 feet and having a bottom hole temperature of 400 F. Formation fluid collected at the surface contained 24,800 mg/1 total dissolved solids. The dissolved solids consist mainly of sodium chloride. A multistage distillation (3-stage) plant has been operated intermittently for one year with no operational problems. Functioning at steady-state conditions with a liquid feed rate of 70 g/m and a temperature of 221 F, the final brine blowdown temperature was 169 F. Product water was produced at a rate of about 2 g/m; average total dissolved solids content of the product was 170 mg/1. A product quality of 27.5 mg/1 at a pH of 9.5 was produced from the first stage.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 225-235
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  • 23
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    Progress of the LASL dry hot rock geothermal energy project (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The possibilities and problems of extracting energy from geothermal reservoirs which do not spontaneously yield useful amounts of steam or hot water are discussed. The system for accomplishing this which is being developed first is a pressurized-water circulation loop intended for use in relatively impermeable hot rock. It will consist of two holes connected through the hot rock by a very large hydraulic fracture and connected at the surface through the primary heat exchanger of an energy utilization system. Preliminary experiments in a hole 2576 ft (0.7852 km) deep, extending about 470 ft (143 m) into the Precambrian basement rock underlying the Jemez Plateau of north-central New Mexico, revealed no unexpected difficulties in drilling or hydraulically fracturing such rock at a temperature of approximately 100 C, and demonstrated a permeability low enough so that it appeared probable that pressurized water could be contained by the basement rock. Similar experiments are in progress in a second hole, now 6701 ft (2.043 km) deep, about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of the first one.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 207-212
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  • 24
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    San Diego Gas and Electric Company Imperial Valley geothermal activities (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: San Diego Gas and Electric and its wholly owned subsidiary New Albion Resources Co. have been affiliated with Magma Power Company, Magma Energy Inc. and Chevron Oil Company for the last 2-1/2 years in carrying out geothermal research and development in the private lands of the Imperial Valley. The steps undertaken in the program are reviewed and the sequence that must be considered by companies considering geothermal research and development is emphasized. Activities at the south end of the Salton Sea and in the Heber area of Imperial Valley are leading toward development of demonstration facilities within the near future. The current status of the project is reported.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 194-206
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  • 25
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    Imperial Valley's proposal to develop a guide for geothermal development within its county (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A plan to develop the geothermal resources of the Imperial Valley of California is presented. The plan consists of development policies and includes text and graphics setting forth the objectives, principles, standards, and proposals. The plan allows developers to know the goals of the surrounding community and provides a method for decision making to be used by county representatives. A summary impact statement for the geothermal development aspects is provided.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 160-163
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  • 26
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    The Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory geothermal program in northern Nevada (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's geothermal program began with consideration of regions where fluids in the temperature range of 150 to 230 C may be economically accessible. Three valleys, located in an area of high regional heat flow in north central Nevada, were selected for geological, geophysical, and geochemical field studies. The objective of these ongoing field activities is to select a site for a 10-MW demonstration plant. Field activities (which started in September 1973) are described. A parallel effort has been directed toward the conceptual design of a 10-MW isobutane binary plant which is planned for construction at the selected site. Design details of the plant are described. Project schedule with milestones is shown together with a cost summary of the project.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 167-185
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  • 27
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    The total flow concept for geothermal energy conversion (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A geothermal development project has been initiated at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) to emphasize development of methods for recovery and conversion of the energy in geothermal deposits of hot brines. Temperatures of these waters vary from 150 C to more than 300 C with dissolved solids content ranging from less than 0.1% to over 25% by weight. Of particular interest are the deposits of high-temperature/high-salinity brines, as well as less saline brines, known to occur in the Salton Trough of California. Development of this resource will depend on resolution of the technical problems of brine handling, scale and precipitation control, and corrosion/erosion resistant systems for efficient conversion of thermal to electrical energy. Research experience to date has shown these problems to be severe. Hence, the LLL program emphasizes development of an entirely different approach called the Total Flow concept.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 186-192
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  • 28
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    Hawaii geothermal project (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Hawaii's Geothermal Project is investigating the occurrence of geothermal resources in the archipelago, initially on the Island of Hawaii. The state's interest in geothermal development is keen, since it is almost totally dependent on imported oil for energy. Geothermal development in Hawaii may require greater participation by the public sector than has been true in California. The initial exploration has been financed by the national, state, and county governments. Maximization of net benefits may call for multiple use of geothermal resources; the extraction of by-products and the application of treated effluents to agricultural and aquacultural uses.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 115-121
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  • 29
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    Measuring ground movement in geothermal areas of Imperial Valley, California (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Significant ground movement may accompany the extraction of large quantities of fluids from the subsurface. In Imperial Valley, California, one of the potential hazards of geothermal development is the threat of both subsidence and horizontal movement of the land surface. Regional and local survey nets are being monitored to detect and measure possible ground movement caused by future geothermal developments. Precise measurement of surface and subsurface changes will be required to differentiate man-induced changes from natural processes in this tectonically active region.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 128-138
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  • 30
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    Leasing of federal geothermal resources (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Pursuant to the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 and the regulations published on December 21, 1973, the first Federal geothermal competitive lease sale was held on January 22, 1974, by the Department of the Interior, offering 33 tracts totalling over 50,000 acres in three Known Geothermal Resource Areas in California. On January 1, 1974, Federal lands outside Known Geothermal Resource Areas were opened to noncompetitive lease applications, of which, 3,763 had been received by June 1, 1974. During fiscal year 1974, a total of 22 competitive leases had been issued in California and Oregon. The principal components in the Department involved in the leasing program are the Geological Survey and the Bureau of Land Management. The former has jurisdiction over drilling and production operations and other activities in the immediate area of operations. The latter receives applications and issues leases and is responsible for managing leased lands under its jurisdiction outside the area of operations. The interrelationships of the above agencies and the procedures in the leasing program are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 122-127
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    Heat flow and geothermal potential of the East Mesa KGRA, Imperial Valley, California (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The East Mesa KGRA (Known Geothermal Resource Area) is located in the southeast part of the Imperial Valley, California, and is roughly 150 kilometers square in areal extent. A new heat flow technique which utilizes temperature gradient measurements across best clays is presented and shown to be as accurate as conventional methods for the present study area. Utilizing the best clay gradient technique, over 70 heat flow determinations have been completed within and around the East Mesa KGRA. Background heat flow values range from 1.4 to 2.4 hfu (1 hfu = .000001 cal. per square centimeter-second) and are typical of those throughout the Basin and Range province. Heat flow values for the northwest lobe of the KGRA (Mesa anomaly) are as high as 7.9 hfu, with the highest values located near gravity and seismic noise maxima and electrical resistivity minima. An excellent correlation exists between heat flow contours and faults defined by remote sensing and microearthquake monitoring.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 85-97
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    A brief description of geological and geophysical exploration of the Marysville geothermal area (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Extensive geological and geophysical surveys were carried out at the Marysville geothermal area during 1973 and 1974. The area has high heat flow (up to microcalories per square centimeter-second, a negative gravity anomaly, high electrical resistivity, low seismic ground noise, and nearby microseismic activity. Significant magnetic and infrared anomalies are not associated with the geothermal area. The geothermal anomaly occupies the axial portion of a dome in Precambrian sedimentary rocks intruded by Cretaceous and Cenozoic granitic rocks. The results from a 2.4-km-deep test well indicate that the cause of the geothermal anomaly is hydrothermal convection in a Cenozoic intrusive. A maximum temperature of 95 C was measured at a depth of 500 m in the test well.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 98-110
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    Overview of Reclamation's geothermal program in Imperial Valley, California (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Bureau of Reclamation is presently involved in a unique Geothermal Resource Development Program in Imperial Valley, California. The main purpose of the investigations is to determine the feasibility of providing a source of fresh water through desalting geothermal fluids stored in the aquifers underlying the valley. Significant progress in this research and development stage to date includes extensive geophysical investigations and the drilling of five geothermal wells on the Mesa anomaly. Four of the wells are for production and monitoring the anomaly, and one will be used for reinjection of waste brines from the desalting units. Two desalting units, a multistage flash unit and a vertical tube evaporator unit, have been erected at the East Mesa test site. The units have been operated on shakedown and continuous runs and have produced substantial quantities of high-quality water.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 33-40
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    Geothermal research and development program of the US Atomic Energy Commission (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Within the overall federal geothermal program, the Atomic Energy Commission has chosen to concentrate on development of resource utilization and advanced research and technology as the areas most suitable to the expertise of its staff and that of the National Laboratories. The Commission's work in geothermal energy is coordinated with that of other agencies by the National Science Foundation, which has been assigned lead agency by the Office of Management and Budget. The objective of the Commission's program, consistent with the goals of the total federal program is to facilitate, through technological advancement and pilot plant operations, achievement of substantial commercial production of electrical power and utilization of geothermal heat by the year 1985. This will hopefully be accomplished by providing, in conjunction with industry, credible information on the economic operation and technological reliability of geothermal power and use of geothermal heat.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 23-32
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    The NSF/RANN FY 1975 program for geothermal resources research and technology (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The specific goal of the NSF geothermal program is the rapid development by industry of the nation's geothermal resources that can be demonstrated to be commercially, environmentally and socially acceptable as alternate energy sources. NSF, as the lead agency for the federal geothermal energy research program, is expediting a program which encompasses the objectives necessary for significant utilization. These include: acceleration of exploration and assessment methods to identify commercial geothermal resources; development of innovative and improved technology to achieve economic feasibility; evaluation of policy options to resolve environmental, legal, and institutional problems; and support of experimental research facilities for each type of geothermal resource. Specific projects in each of these four objective areas are part of the NSF program for fiscal year 1975.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 13-22
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  • 36
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    The National Geothermal Energy Research Program (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The continuous demand for energy and the concern for shortages of conventional energy resources have spurred the nation to consider alternate energy resources, such as geothermal. Although significant growth in the one natural steam field located in the United States has occurred, a major effort is now needed if geothermal energy, in its several forms, is to contribute to the nation's energy supplies. From the early informal efforts of an Interagency Panel for Geothermal Energy Research, a 5-year Federal program has evolved whose objective is the rapid development of a commercial industry for the utilization of geothermal resources for electric power production and other products. The Federal program seeks to evaluate the realistic potential of geothermal energy, to support the necessary research and technology needed to demonstrate the economic and environmental feasibility of the several types of geothermal resources, and to address the legal and institutional problems concerned in the stimulation and regulation of this new industry.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 7-12
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    A city invests in its future (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Events occurring during the past four years which led to the City of Burbank's decision to acquire an energy source adequate for the city's present and future power requirements are discussed. The community reaction to this unprecedented move is also covered. Burbank's long-range plans for the development of geothermal energy are outlined as well as the challenges which confront a public utility in implementing its projected goals. There are several advantages accurring to the city which in the opinion of the Burbank City Council and the administration justify this venture. The need for a cooperative climate which will enable all electrical utilities to better meet their obligations to the public, which is their prime responsibility before all other considerations, is analyzed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 335-339
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  • 38
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    An evaluation of potentially useful separator materials for nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd] satellite batteries (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An evaluation intended to determine the potential suitability and probable efficacy of a group of separator materials for use in nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) satellite batteries was carried out. These results were obtained using test procedures established in an earlier evaluation of other separator materials, some of which were used in experimental battery cells subjected to simulated use conditions. The properties that appear to be most important are: high electrolyte absorptivity, good electrolyte retention, low specific resistivity, rapid wettability and low resistance to air permeation. Wicking characteristics and wet-out time seem to be more important with respect to the initial filling of the battery with the electrolyte.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-143504 , COM-75-10618/7 , NBSIR-74-541
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  • 39
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    General Electric 20-ampere hour nickel-cadmium battery (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The interaction, effect, and controllability of the performance parameters of the General Electric 20-ampere-hour, 24-cell nickel cadmium battery are investigated. The battery was cycled under simulated orbit conditions. The acquired data was analyzed and evaluated in terms of battery parameters and performance characteristics. Conclusions and tests results are presented along with recommendations for further study.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-120748 , REPT-40M22410
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    The 100 ampere-hour nickel cadmium battery development program, volume 1 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A program to develop a long-life, reliable and safe 100 ampere-hour sealed nickel-cadmium cell and battery module with ancillary charge control and automated test equipment to fulfill the requirements of a large Manned Orbital Space Station which uses Solar Arrays as its prime source for 25 kW of electrical power was conducted. A sealed 100 ampere-hour cell with long life potential and a replaceable, space maintainable battery module has been developed for Manned Space Station applications. The 100 ampere-hour cell has been characterized for initial (early life) anticipated conditions.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-140380
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    Development of a solar-powered residential air conditioner: Design requirements and trade-off parameters (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Data basic to the design, characterization, comparison, and evaluation of solar-powered residential air conditioner concepts are presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-149971 , AIRESEARCH-74-10996(2)
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    Project plan hydrogen energy systems technology. Phase 1: Hydrogen energy systems technology study (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An overview of the potential need for hydrogen as a source of energy in the future was presented in order to identify and define the technology requirements for the most promising approaches to meet that need. The following study objectives were discussed: (1) determination of the future demand for hydrogen, based on current trends and anticipated new uses, (2) identification of the critical research and technology advances required to meet this need considering, to the extent possible, raw material limitations, economics, and environmental effects, and (3) definition and recommendation of the scope and space of a National Hydrogen Energy Systems Technology Program and outline of a Program Development Plan.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-146424 , JPL-1200-194
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  • 43
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    Low cost silicon solar cell array (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The technological options available for producing low cost silicon solar cell arrays were examined. A project value of approximately $250/sq m and $2/watt is projected, based on mass production capacity demand. Recommendations are included for the most promising cost reduction options.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-134743 , REPT-3788-FR
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    Production and delivery of violet solar cells (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The expansion of conventional violet cells from laboratory numbers to pilot line numbers is described. The basic properties of a violet cell are discussed. The close interaction of all the process steps is emphasized.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-144250
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    Fundamental Studies Connected with Electrochemical Energy Storage (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Papers are presented which deal with electrochemical research activities. Emphasis is placed on electrochemical energy storage devices. Topics discussed include: adsorption of dendrite inhibitors on zinc; proton discharge process; electron and protron transfer; quantum mechanical formulation of electron transfer rates; and theory of electrochemical kinetics in terms of two models of activation; thermal and electrostatic.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-143378
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  • 46
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    Energy: An annotated bibliography (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This bibliography is a compilation of approximately 4,300 selected references on energy and energy related topics. The references are arranged by date, with the latest works first, in the following subject categories: (1) energy and power - general; resources, supply/demand, and forecasting; policy, legislation, and regulation; research and development; environment; consumption and economics; and conservation, (2) energy and power sources - general, fossil fuels, hydrogen and methanol, organic wastes and waste heat, nuclear, geothermal, solar, wind, ocean/water, magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics, and gas and steam turbines, and (3) energy and power storage and transmission. Literature from bibliographic sources dated January 1972 through July 1974 is covered, with some pertinent literature prior to 1972 included.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-66766 , BIB-74-01
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    Solar energy recorder (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A serious obstacle to the large-scale terrestrial application of solar energy lies in the scarcity of reliable data on the amount of solar energy at candidate converter sites. This paper describes a system designed to monitor and record, automatically, the values of the direct and total (sun and sky) solar radiation which would be seen by either tracking or fixed-type solar converters. A further pressing need addressed by the system is the means for efficiency testing and evaluation of solar cells, solar collectors and solar concentrator systems, under outdoor exposure to natural sunlight and weather conditions for extended periods. The design was accomplished in support of the Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA, where design concepts and materials for large-scale terrestrial solar energy converters are currently being evaluated.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Solar Energy; 16; Oct. 197
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  • 48
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    Bio-conversion of water hyacinths into methane gas, part 1 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Bio-gas and methane production from the microbial anaerobic decomposition of water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes) (Mart) Solms was investigated. These experiments demonstrated the ability of water hyacinths to produce an average of 13.9 ml of methane gas per gram of wet plant weight. This study revealed that sample preparation had no significant effect on bio-gas and/or methane production. Pollution of water hyacinths by two toxic heavy materials, nickel and cadmium, increased the rate of methane production from 51.8 ml/day for non-contaminated plants incubated at 36 C to 81.0 ml/day for Ni-Cd contaminated plants incubated at the same temperature. The methane content of bio-gas evolved from the anaerobic decomposition of Ni-Cd contaminated plants was 91.1 percent as compared to 69.2 percent methane content of bio-gas collected from the fermentation of non-contaminated plants.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-72725
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    The 100 ampere-hour nickel cadmium battery development program, volume 2 (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: For abstract, see N75-14266.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-140381
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    Lithium-doped solar cell pilot line fabrication and test programs (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An investigation was conducted to determine the technology readiness of lithium-doped silicon solar cells with respect to use in space programs. A pilot line fabrication program was established, in which the pilot line cells were evaluated after being exposed to environments ordinarily imposed on nonlithium-doped silicon solar cells. Results indicate that further process improvements are required, particularly with respect to the P/N junction diffusion and the electrical contacting technique (including solder coating). It is concluded that lithium-doped cells can be fabricated to exhibit (1) high efficiencies, (2) uniform cell-to-cell recovery characteristics after exposure to 1-MeV electrons; and (3) good stability in most environments investigated (the only exception being the thermal shock environment).
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-140843 , JPL-TM-33-677
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    Solar residential heating and cooling system development test program (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A solar heating and cooling system is described, which was installed in a simulated home at Marshall Space Flight Center. Performance data are provided for the checkout and initial operational phase for key subsystems and for the total system. Valuable information was obtained with regard to operation of a solar cooling system during the first summer of operation. Areas where improvements and modifications are required to optimize such a system are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-64924
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    Inversion layer solar cell fabrication and evaluation (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Inversion layer solar cells were fabricated by etching through the diffused layer on p-type silicon wafers in a comb-like contact pattern. The charge separation comes from an induced p-n junction at the surface. The inverted surface is caused by a layer of transparent material applied to the surface that either contains free positive ions or that creates donor states at the interface. Cells are increased from 3 ma I sub sc to 100 ma by application of sodium silicate. The action is unstable, however, and decays. Non-mesa contaminated oxide cells were fabricated with short circuit currents of over 100 ma measured in the sun. Cells of this type have demonstrated stability.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-142573
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    Nickel-cadium batteries for Apollo telescope mount (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The operational testing and evaluation program is presented which was conducted on 20-ampere-hour nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries for use on the Apollo telescope mount (ATM). The test program was initiated in 1967 to determine if the batteries could meet ATM mission requirements and to determine operating characteristics and methods. The ATM system power and charging power for the Ni-Cd secondary batteries is provided by a solar array during the 58-minute daylight portion of the orbit; during the 36-minute night portion of the orbit, the Ni-Cd secondary batteries will supply ATM system power. The test results reflect battery operating characteristics and parameters relative to simulated ATM orbital test conditions. Maximum voltage, charge requirements, capacity, temperature, and cyclic characteristics are presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-120747 , REPT-40M22411
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    Experimental investigation and model development of the Skylab ATM secondary nickel-cadmium batteries (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The performance of a Ni-Cd battery was evaluated and the cyclic battery controls to be used on the ATM batteries were determined. Cell and battery performance models were developed which to predict the performance of the secondary Ni-Cd batteries on the ATM. Capacity degradation and charge acceptance characteristics were considered. Mathematical models for each of these operating areas were developed based on data from two separate test programs. The capacity degradation model describes the expected usable battery capacity as a function of time, temperature, and depth-of-discharge. The charge acceptance model describes the cell charge acceptance as a function of charge rate, temperature, and state of charge. The models were designed for computer use and to facilitate possible battery modification. They can be used to predict expected performance or to compare real time performance during flight.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-120749
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    Geophysical, geochemical, and geological investigations of the Dunes geothermal system, Imperial Valley, California (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Dunes anomaly is a water-dominated geothermal system in the alluvium of the Salton Trough, lacking any surface expression. It was discovered by shallow-temperature gradient measurements. A 612-meter-deep test well encountered several temperature-gradient reversals, with a maximum of 105 C at 114 meters. The program involves surface geophysics, including electrical, gravity, and seismic methods, down-hole geophysics and petrophysics of core samples, isotopic and chemical studies of water samples, and petrological and geochemical studies of the cores and cuttings. The aim is (1) to determine the source and temperature history of the brines, (2) to understand the interaction between the brines and rocks, and (3) to determine the areal extent, nature, origin, and history of the geothermal system. These studies are designed to provide better definition of exploration targets for hidden geothermal anomalies and to contribute to improved techniques of exploration and resource assessment.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: IGPP-UCR-74-31 , JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 45-71
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    Institutional and environmental problems in geothermal resource development (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A number of regulatory and institutional impediments to the development of geothermal energy exist. None of these seem likely to prevent the development of this energy source, but in the aggregate they will pace its growth as certainly as the technological issues. The issues are associated with the encouragement of exploration and development, assuring a market for geothermal steam or hot water, and accomplishing the required research and development in a timely manner. The development of geothermal energy in the United States at a high level is apt to cause both favorable and unfavorable, though manageable, impacts in eight major areas, which are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 139-159
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    The Colorado School of Mines Nevada geothermal study (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Geothermal systems in the Basin and Range Province of the western United States probably differ in many respects from geothermal systems already discovered in other parts of the world because of the unique tectonic setting. To investigate this, a study of the geothermal occurrences at Fly Ranch, approximately 100 miles north of Reno, Nevada, has been undertaken. Ample evidence for a geothermal system exists in this area, including the surface expression of heat flow in the form of hot springs, an extensive area of low electrical resistivity, and a high level of seismicity along faults bounding the thermal area. However, geophysical and geological studies have not yet provided evidence for a local heat source at depth. Additional detailed geophysical and geological studies, as well as drilling, must be completed before the geothermal system can be described fully.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Res. for the Develop. of Geothermal Energy Resources; p 73-84
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    Electrically rechargeable redox flow cells (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Considering the topographical and sizing requirements for a typical pumped water storage installation and the immergence of energy conversion schemes that are time-dependent as to their generating capability, a closer look is being given to nonpumped water storage schemes for storing electricity. An electrochemical bulk power storage concept, called a rechargeable redox flow cell, is described. This scheme, based on pumping a redox couple through a power conversion section, appears to offer high overall efficiency, no cycle life limitations for the electrodes, and deep discharge capability.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 26, 1974 - Aug 30, 1974; San Francisco, CA
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    Two-watt radioisotope power generators for underwater applications (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Materials and design considerations are discussed for a low-cost, reliable radio-isotope-fueled thermoelectric generator for use in an undersea application. Plutonium has been selected as fuel, and the generator has to meet design goals of 2 watts after 20 years with a direct output voltage of 6-8 volts. The pressed and sintered form of Bi2Te3 appears to be the most appropriate thermoelectric material. Both fibrous and multilayer foil insulation could be used with proper processing and quality control, but there is less risk with fibrous type insulation. Min-K 1400 is recommended with a nitrogen cover gas. The heat source recommended is a three-layer capsule using T-111 for both the liner and strength member with an outer liner of Hastelloy-C.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 26, 1974 - Aug 30, 1974; San Francisco, CA
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    The generation of hydrogen by the thermal decomposition of water (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Development of an approach to the evaluation of the thermal efficiency of the process of water splitting to produce hydrogen. A way of viewing thermochemical processes - both overall and step-by-step is suggested, and some recent work on a process evaluation technique is described which provides internal checks on the thermodynamic data and calculates, in addition to the efficiency, many important process parameters.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 26, 1974 - Aug 30, 1974; San Francisco, CA
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  • 61
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    A novel negative-limited sealed nickel-cadmium cell (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The use of negative-limited nickel-cadmium cells with adequate charge control is shown to provide an effective means for controlling internal pressure. Cycle test data show that negative-limited cells have somewhat higher ampere-hour degradation rates at higher operating temperatures. The most important advantages of these cells are: (1) lesser heat generation during operation; (2) longer separator life, as a result of operation at lower temperatures; (3) decreased stresses on cell seals due to lower operating pressures; and (4) significant weight savings.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 26, 1974 - Aug 30, 1974; San Francisco, CA
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  • 62
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    Application of a numerical differencing analyzer computer program to a Modular Integrated Utility System (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper describes the application of a numerical differencing analyzer computer program to the thermal analyzation of a MIUS model. The MIUS model which was evaluated is one which would be required to support a 648-unit Garden Apartment Complex. This computer program was capable of predicting the thermal performance of this MIUS from the impressed electrical, heating, and cooling loads.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 26, 1974 - Aug 30, 1974; San Francisco, CA
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  • 63
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    Review of hydrogen accidents and incidents in NASA operations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Safety, as a major factor in the development of a power economy based on hydrogen produced by nuclear- or solar-energy operated water electrolysis, is considered in terms of the safety problems involved in the production, handling, transportation, and use of liquid and gaseous hydrogen. These problems are reviewed through the records of accidents and incidents that have occurred in the development and operation of NASA's propulsion and power systems. Areas of research and development are suggested for increased safety and for the development of techniques to reduce the consequences of any mishaps.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 26, 1974 - Aug 30, 1974; San Francisco, CA
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  • 64
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    Solar Sea Power Plants (SSPP): A critical review and survey (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An overview of technical and economic matters relating to the eventual success or failure of the SSPP concept is presented, with emphasis on the pollution and energy problems which the SSPP would serve to eliminate. Factors discussed include cost, mariculture possibilities, siting, legal limitations, design materials, mooring and anchoring, and the human element involved. Several alternative power systems are considered for incorporation into SSPP design, such as Nitinol power, Claude cycle, and closed cycle engine systems.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70783 , X-704-74-277 , Intern. Solar Energy Soc. Intern. Conf.; Jul 01, 1975; Los Angeles, CA; United States
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  • 65
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    The GSFC Battery Workshop (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The proceedings of a conference on electric storage batteries are presented. The subjects discussed include the following: (1) a low cost/standardization program, (2) test and flight experience, (3) materials and cell components, and (4) new developments in the nickel/hydrogen system. The application of selected batteries in specific space vehicles is examined.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70822 , X-711-74-348 , Ann. Battery Workshop,; Nov 19, 1974 - Nov 20, 1974; Greenbelt, MD; United States
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  • 66
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    Transient analysis of a thermal storage unit involving a phase change material (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The transient response of a single cell of a typical phase change material type thermal capacitor has been modeled using numerical conductive heat transfer techniques. The cell consists of a base plate, an insulated top, and two vertical walls (fins) forming a two-dimensional cavity filled with a phase change material. Both explicit and implicit numerical formulations are outlined. A mixed explicit-implicit scheme which treats the fin implicity while treating the phase change material explicitly is discussed. A band algorithmic scheme is used to reduce computer storage requirements for the implicit approach while retaining a relatively fine grid. All formulations are presented in dimensionless form thereby enabling application to geometrically similar problems. Typical parametric results are graphically presented for the case of melting with constant heat input to the base of the cell.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ASME PAPER 74-WA/HT-21 , American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Winter Annual Meeting; Nov 17, 1974 - Nov 22, 1974; New York, NY
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  • 67
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    Status of FEP encapsulated solar cell modules used in terrestrial applications (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene) encapsulated solar cell modules and arrays have been designed and built expressly for terrestrial applications. Solar cell power systems have been installed at three different land sites, while individual modules are undergoing marine-environment tests. Four additional power systems are being completed for installation during the summer of 1974. These tests have revealed some minor problems which have been corrected. The results confirm the inherent utility of FEP encapsulated terrestrial solar cell systems.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 26, 1974 - Aug 30, 1974; San Francisco, CA
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  • 68
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    Solar collector performance evaluated outdoors at NASA-Lewis Research Center (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An outdoor facility constructed to evaluate solar collector performance for conditions that would be encountered by collectors if they were incorporated in a solar heating/cooling system is described. Preliminary performance data is presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71689 , Workshop on Solar Collectors for Heating and Cooling of Buildings; Nov 21, 1974 - Nov 23, 1974; New York; United States
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  • 69
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    Nickel-cadmium cells (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A high energy density nickel cadmium cell of aerospace quality was designed. The approach used was to utilize manufacturing techniques which produce highly uniform and controlled starting materials in addition to improvements in the overall design. Parameters controlling the production of plaque and both positive and negative plate were studied. Quantities of these materials were produced and prototype cells were assembled to test the proposed design.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-143715 , C-227
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  • 70
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    Proceedings of the Conference on Research for the Development of Geothermal Energy Resources (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The proceedings of a conference on the development of geothermal energy resources are presented. The purpose of the conference was to acquaint potential user groups with the Federal and National Science Foundation geothermal programs and the method by which the users and other interested members can participate in the program. Among the subjects discussed are: (1) resources exploration and assessment, (2) environmental, legal, and institutional research, (3) resource utilization projects, and (4) advanced research and technology.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-142556 , NSF/RA/N-74-159 , Sep 23, 1974 - Sep 25, 1974; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 71
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    Status of the NASA-Lewis flat-plate collector tests with a solar simulator (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Simulator test results of 15 collector types are presented. Collectors are given performance ratings according to their use for pool heating, hot water, absorption A/C or heating, and solar Rankine machines. Collectors found to be good performers in the above categories, except for pool heating, were a black nickel coated, 2 glass collector, and a black paint 2 glass collector containing a mylar honeycomb. For pool heating, a black paint, one glass collector was found to be the best performer. Collector performance parameters of 5 collector types were determined to aid in explaining the factors that govern performance. The two factors that had the greatest effect on collector performance were the collector heat loss and the coating absorptivity.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71658 , E-8205 , NSF/RANN Workshop on Solar Collectors for Heating and Cooling of Buildings; Nov 21, 1974 - Nov 23, 1974; New York; United States
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  • 72
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    Wind energy developments in the 20th century (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Wind turbine systems of the past are reviewed and wind energy is reexamined as a future source of power. Various phases and objectives of the Wind Energy Program are discussed. Conclusions indicate that wind generated energy must be considered economically competitive with other power production methods.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71634 , E-8172 , 4th Ann. Regulatory Inform. Systems Conf; Sep 10, 1974 - Sep 12, 1974; St. Louis, MO; United States
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  • 73
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    Design, processing, and testing of LSI arrays for space station (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: At wafer probe, units of the TA6567 circuit, a beam leaded COS/MOS/SOS 256-bit RAM, were demonstrated to be functionally perfect. An aluminum gate current-sense version and a silicon-gate voltage-sense version of this memory were developed. Initial base line data for the beam lead SOS process using the TA5388 circuit show the stability of the dc device characteristics through the beam lead processing.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-120539 , PRRL-74-CR-64 , QTR-15
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  • 74
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    Concepts for central solar electric power generation (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The investigation reported was conducted to select the best conceptual design of a power plant for the dynamic conversion of solar heat to electricity. Conversion of thermal energy to electricity was to be an accomplished with conventional turbomachinery. Questions of site selection are discussed along with solar energy collection systems, aspects of candidate system definition, and reference systems.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Frontiers of Power Technology Conference, Oklahoma State University; Oct 09, 1974 - Oct 10, 1974; Stillwater, OK
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  • 75
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    Applications of plasma core reactors to terrestrial energy systems (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Plasma core reactors offer several new options for future energy needs in addition to space power and propulsion applications. Power extraction from plasma core reactors with gaseous nuclear fuel allows operation at temperatures higher than conventional reactors. Highly efficient thermodynamic cycles and applications employing direct coupling of radiant energy are possible. Conceptual configurations of plasma core reactors for terrestrial applications are described. Closed-cycle gas turbines, MHD systems, photo- and thermo-chemical hydrogen production processes, and laser systems using plasma core reactors as prime energy sources are considered. Cycle efficiencies in the range of 50 to 65 percent are calculated for closed-cycle gas turbine and MHD electrical generators. Reactor advantages include continuous fuel reprocessing which limits inventory of radioactive by-products and thorium-U-233 breeder configurations with about 5-year doubling times.-
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: AIAA PAPER 74-1074 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Society of Automotive Engineers, Propulsion Conference; Oct 21, 1974 - Oct 23, 1974; San Diego, CA
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  • 76
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    Predicted energy densities for nickel-hydrogen and silver-hydrogen cells embodying metallic hydrides for hydrogen storage (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 26, 1974 - Aug 30, 1974; San Francisco, CA
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  • 77
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    The Energy Systems Optimization Computer Program /ESOP/ developed for Modular Integrated Utility Systems /MIUS/ analysis (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A significant energy and cost savings can be obtained by integrating various utility services (space heating and cooling, electrical power generation, solid waste disposal, potable water, and waste water treatment) into a single unit which provides buildings or groups of buildings with these services. This paper presents a description of a computer program, called the Energy Systems Optimization Program (ESOP). This program predicts the loads, energy requirements, equipment sizes, and life-cycle costs of alternative methods of meeting these utility requirements. The program has been used extensively for performing energy analyses of Modular Integrated Utility Systems (MIUS).
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 26, 1974 - Aug 30, 1974; San Francisco, CA
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  • 78
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    Application of the integrated utilities concept to community-size developments (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: It is shown that the modular integrated utility systems (MIUS) concept (combining the utility services of electrical power, heating and cooling, water supply and waste water treatment, and solid waste management into a single local plant) can be applied to community-size developments with major benefits of energy (fossil fuels) savings, reduction in solid waste haul-off quantity, and reduction in fresh water demand. Compared to a conventional utilities system, MIUS energy and water savings are found to reach 38 and 17%, respectively. Effluent and solid waste load reduction attain 17 and 80%, respectively. These benefits are obtainable through use of commercially available hardware and at costs competitive with conventional utilities.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 26, 1974 - Aug 30, 1974; San Francisco, CA
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  • 79
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    Status of JPL solar powered experiments for terrestrial applications (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Results of an ongoing program set up to evaluate solar terrestrial photovoltaic power sources. The results of this program, which now includes a solar array encapsulant and materials test and a solar-powered buoy study, are updated, and the results of efforts to study the dynamic interaction of a solar photovoltaic array and a water electrolysis system coupled to produce hydrogen are reported for the first time.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 26, 1974 - Aug 30, 1974; San Francisco, CA
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  • 80
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    Thermoelectric properties of 80 a/o Si-20 a/o Ge alloy (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper discusses the time and temperature dependence of the thermoelectric properties of n- and p-type 80 at. % Si-20 at. % Ge alloy. It is shown that the time-temperature behavior of the properties of both polarity types of this alloy can be described by means of a diffusion-limited dopant precipitation model due to Lifshitz and Slyozov (1961). An experimental program for the determination of the long-term behavior of the properties of the alloy is described in terms of the Lifshitz-Slyozov model, and the thermoelectric properties of the alloy are given for temperatures in the range from room temperature to 1000 C as a function of time up to and including twelve years. The data given for the p-type alloy represent the first time-dependent thermoelectric property data ever published for the p-type silicon-germanium alloys.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 26, 1974 - Aug 30, 1974; San Francisco, CA
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  • 81
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    Pyrolysis system evaluation study (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An evaluation of two different pyrolysis concepts which recover energy from solid waste was conducted in order to determine the merits of each concept for integration into a Integrated Utility System (IUS). The two concepts evaluated were a Lead Bath Furnace Pyrolysis System and a Slagging Vertical Shaft, Partial Air Oxidation Pyrolysis System. Both concepts will produce a fuel gas from the IUS waste and sewage sludge which can be used to offset primary fuel consumption in addition to the sanitary disposal of the waste. The study evaluated the thermal integration of each concept as well as the economic impact on the IUS resulting from integrating each pyrolysis concepts. For reference, the pyrolysis concepts were also compared to incineration which was considered the baseline IUS solid waste disposal system.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-141664
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  • 82
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    Assessment of the technology required to develop photovoltaic power system for large scale national energy applications (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A technical assessment of a program to develop photovoltaic power system technology for large-scale national energy applications was made by analyzing and judging the alternative candidate photovoltaic systems and development tasks. A program plan was constructed based on achieving the 10 year objective of a program to establish the practicability of large-scale terrestrial power installations using photovoltaic conversion arrays costing less than $0.50/peak W. Guidelines for the tasks of a 5 year program were derived from a set of 5 year objectives deduced from the 10 year objective. This report indicates the need for an early emphasis on the development of the single-crystal Si photovoltaic system for commercial utilization; a production goal of 5 x 10 to the 8th power peak W/year of $0.50 cells was projected for the year 1985. The developments of other photovoltaic conversion systems were assigned to longer range development roles. The status of the technology developments and the applicability of solar arrays in particular power installations, ranging from houses to central power plants, was scheduled to be verified in a series of demonstration projects. The budget recommended for the first 5 year phase of the program is $268.5M.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NSF/RA/N-74-072 , NASA-CR-142172
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  • 83
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    Test report SEPS solar array root section model (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The fabrication and test of a solar array functional root section model to verify preliminary array design concepts is presented. The root section model is full scale width and contains a model array blanket. The blanket contains 1/8 live electrical modules and the remainder contains solar cell mass simulators. A storable Astromast is used for array blanket extension and retraction. The model component and system assembly hardware, tests, and test results are described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-120606 , LMSC-D384268
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  • 84
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    Dynamic conversion of solar generated heat to electricity (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The effort undertaken during this program led to the selection of the water-superheated steam (850 psig/900 F) crescent central receiver as the preferred concept from among 11 candidate systems across the technological spectrum of the dynamic conversion of solar generated heat to electricity. The solar power plant designs were investigated in the range of plant capacities from 100 to 1000 Mw(e). The investigations considered the impacts of plant size, collector design, feed-water temperature ratio, heat rejection equipment, ground cover, and location on solar power technical and economic feasibility. For the distributed receiver systems, the optimization studies showed that plant capacities less than 100 Mw(e) may be best. Although the size of central receiver concepts was not parametrically investigated, all indications are that the optimal plant capacity for central receiver systems will be in the range from 50 to 200 Mw(e). Solar thermal power plant site selection criteria and methodology were also established and used to evaluate potentially suitable sites. The result of this effort was to identify a site south of Inyokern, California, as typically suitable for a solar thermal power plant. The criteria used in the selection process included insolation and climatological characteristics, topography, and seismic history as well as water availability.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-134724 , REPT-2852-41429
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  • 85
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    A study of degradation of plates for nickel-cadmium spacecraft cells (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The relative merits of coining and not coining of sintered nickel oxide and cadmium plates was investigated. Sample plate materials from most commercial cell suppliers were obtained and characterized for properties that may correlate with the tendency toward physical disintegration during handling and over long periods of time in the cell. Special test methods were developed to obtain comparative data in a short time. A wide range of physical properties and coining thickness was observed, resulting in a range of responses. The stronger materials resisted loss of sinter better than weaker materials whether or not coined. Coining improved handling and resistance to electrochemical cycling of weaker materials. The mechanism of break-down of positive plate edges under cycling appears to be the same as that of thickening and blistering. Brittle, nonadherent sinter, resulting from certain impregnation processes, is the most vulnerable to degradation. It is concluded that the latter type of materials should be coined, but coining of strong materials is optional.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-141357 , TRW-24118-6002-RU-00
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  • 86
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    Inversion layer solar cell fabrication and evaluation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Inversion layer solar cells have been fabricated by etching through the diffused layer on p-type silicon wafers in a comb-like contact pattern. The charge separation comes from an induced p-n junction at the surface. This inverted surface is caused by a layer of transparent material applied to the surface that either contains free positive ions or that creates donor states at the interface. Cells have increased from 3 ma Isc to 100 ma by application of sodium silicate. The action is unstable, however, and decays with time.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-141325
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  • 87
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    Fuel conservation capability and effort by commercial air carriers (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Computer capability weather input data, performance data, and ATC interface are discussed in terms of their role in preflight and inflight planning for commercial flights. The effect of preflight and inflight planning on fuel efficient operation was evaluated along with the impact of avionics. It was found that there is a potential for saving fuel through use of avionics, especially in the area of vertical guidance in all phases of flight. Other results of the study indicate: (1) preflight planning as it now stands is adequate with the exception that more accurate and up-to-date weather information is desirable; (2) better inflight information about existing weather conditions is needed; and (3) ATC can aid in fuel conservation.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-137624
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  • 88
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    An evaluation: The potential of discarded tires as a source of fuel (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The destructive distillation of rubber tire samples was studied by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, combustion calorimetry, and mass spectroscopy. The decomposition reaction was found to be exothermic and produced a mass loss of 65 percent. The gas evolution curves that were obtained indicate that a variety of organic materials are evolved simultaneously during the decomposition of the rubber polymer.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-58143 , JSC-09243
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  • 89
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    MEGASTAR: The meaning of growth. An assessment of systems, technologies, and requirements (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A methodology for the display and analysis of postulated energy futures for the United States is presented. A systems approach methodology including the methodology of technology assessment is used to examine three energy scenarios--the Westinghouse Nuclear Electric Economy, the Ford Technical Fix Base Case and a MEGASTAR generated Alternate to the Ford Technical Fix Base Case. The three scenarios represent different paths of energy consumption from the present to the year 2000. Associated with these paths are various mixes of fuels, conversion, distribution, conservation and end-use technologies. MEGASTAR presents the estimated times and unit requirements to supply the fuels, conversion and distribution systems for the postulated end uses for the three scenarios and then estimates the aggregate manpower, materials, and capital requirements needed to develop the energy system described by the particular scenario.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-120338
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  • 90
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    Research study on high energy radiation effect and environment solar cell degradation methods (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The most detailed and comprehensively verified analytical model was used to evaluate the effects of simplifying assumptions on the accuracy of predictions made by the external damage coefficient method. It was found that the most serious discrepancies were present in heavily damaged cells, particularly proton damaged cells, in which a gradient in damage across the cell existed. In general, it was found that the current damage coefficient method tends to underestimate damage at high fluences. An exception to this rule was thick cover-slipped cells experiencing heavy degradation due to omnidirectional electrons. In such cases, the damage coefficient method overestimates the damage. Comparisons of degradation predictions made by the two methods and measured flight data confirmed the above findings.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-120519 , D180-18475-1
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  • 91
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    Evaluation program for secondary spacecraft cells: Initial evaluation tests of General Electric Company 12.0 ampere-hour, nickel-cadmium spacecraft cells for the international ultraviolet Explorer satellite (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Evaluation tests are reported for 20 cells to be put into the life cycle program. Leak, capacity, internal resistance, internal short, and overcharge tests are described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-144664 , WQEC/C-74-511
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 92
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    MEGASTAR: The Meaning of Energy Growth: An Assessment of Systems, Technologies, and Requirements (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A methodology for the display and analysis of postulated energy futures for the United States is presented. A systems approach that includes the methodology of technology assessment is used to examine three energy scenarios--the Westinghouse Nuclear Electric Economy, the Ford Technical Fix Base Case and a MEGASTAR generated Alternate to the Ford Technical Fix Base Case. The three scenarios represent different paths of energy consumption for the present to the year 2000. Associated with these paths are various mixes of fuels, conversion, distribution, conservation and end-use technologies. MEGASTAR presents the estimated times and unit requirements to supply the fuels, conversion and distribution systems for the postulated end uses for the three scenarios and then estimates the aggregate manpower, materials, and capital requirements needed to develop the energy system described by the particular scenario. The total requirements and the energy subsystems for each scenario are assessed for their primary impacts in the areas of society, the environment, technology and the economy.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-120355
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 93
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    NSF/NASA/Utility Wind Energy Conference (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-79508
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 94
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    Historical review of stirling engine development in the United tates from 1960 to 1970 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-121097 , REPT-4-E8-00595
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 95
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    Wind energy developments in the 20th century (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Wind turbine systems for generating electrical power have been tested in many countries. Representative examples of turbines which have produced from 100 to 1250 kW are described. The advantages of wind energy consist of its being a nondepleting, nonpolluting, and free fuel source. Its disadvantages relate to the variability of wind and the high installation cost per kilowatt of capacity of wind turbines when compared to other methods of electric-power generation. High fuel costs and potential resource scarcity have led to a five-year joint NASA-NSF program to study wind energy. The program will study wind energy conversion and storage systems with respect to cost effectiveness, and will attempt to estimate national wind-energy potential and develop techniques for generator site selection. The studies concern a small-systems (50-250 kW) project, a megawatt-systems (500-3000 kW) project, supporting research and technology, and energy storage. Preliminary economic analyses indicate that wind-energy conversion can be competitive in high-average-wind areas.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Annual Regulatory Information Systems Conference; Sept. 10-12, 1974; St. Louis, MO
    Format: text
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  • 96
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    The MIST /MIUS Integration and Subsystems Test/ laboratory - A testbed for the MIUS /Modular Integrated Utility System/ program (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The MIUS (Modular Integrated Utility System) concept is to be an energy-conserving, economically feasible, integrated community utility system to provide five necessary services: electricity generation, space heating and air conditioning, solid waste processing, liquid waste processing, and residential water purification. The MIST (MIUS Integration and Subsystem Test) integrated system testbed constructed at the Johnson Space Center in Houston includes subsystems for power generation, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), wastewater management, solid waste management, and control and monitoring. The key design issues under study include thermal integration and distribution techniques, thermal storage, integration of subsystems controls and displays, incinerator performance, effluent characteristics, and odor control.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ASME PAPER 74-ENAS-44
    Format: text
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  • 97
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    Space satellite power system (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The concept of a satellite solar power station was studied. It is shown that it offers the potential to meet a significant portion of future energy needs, is pollution free, and is sparing of irreplaceable earth resources. Solar energy is converted by photovoltaic solar cell arrays to dc energy which in turn is converted into microwave energy in a large active phased array. The microwave energy is beamed to earth with little attenuation and is converted back to dc energy on the earth. Economic factors are considered.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-142799
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 98
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    NASA objectives for improved solar power plants (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: The present work describes the principal goals for the main effort of NASA's research and development of solar photovoltaic cells and arrays. These are (1) to reduce array costs from $270/watt to $90/watt (no change in volume) or to $41/watt (high volume production), (2) raise power density from 66 watts/kg to 110 watts/kg, and (3) minimize dynamic interaction problems. The first two goals can be accomplished by increased cell efficiency, reduced cell thickness, the development of a multiple ribbon growth process, and automation of cell production. To minimize dynamic interaction between array and spacecraft, module flexibility will be increased.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 26, 1974 - Aug 30, 1974; San Francisco, CA
    Format: text
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  • 99
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    Technology Utilization House Study Report (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: The objectives of Project TECH are: (1) to construct a single family detached dwelling for demonstrating the application of advanced technology and minimizing the requirement for energy and utility services, and (2) to help influence future development in home construction by defining the interaction of integrated energy and water management systems with building configuration and construction materials. Components and methods expected to be cost effective over a 20 year span were studied. Emphasis was placed on the utilization of natural heating and cooling characteristics. Orientation and location of windows, landscaping, natural ventilation, and characteristics of the local climate and microclimate were intended to be used to best advantage. Energy conserving homes are most efficient when design for specific sites, therefore project TECH should not be considered a prototype design suitable for all locations. However, it does provide ideas and analytical methods which can be applied to some degree in all housing.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-144896
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 100
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    Energy: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 2 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This bibliography lists 405 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System from April 1, 1974 through June 30, 1974.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-SP-7043(02)
    Format: application/pdf
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