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  • 1
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    Infrared scanning radiometer (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: The Apollo 17 infrared scanning radiometer (ISR) experiment for mapping lunar surface thermal emission is reported. The instrument, lunar surface coverage, and the data obtained are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 2
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    Lunar atmospheric composition experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: On the Apollo 17 mission, a miniature mass spectrometer, called the lunar atmospheric composition experiment (LACE), was carried to the moon as part of the Apollo lunar surface experiments package (ALSEP) to study the composition of and variation in the lunar atmosphere. The instrument was successfully deployed in the Taurus-Littrow valley with its entrance aperture oriented upward to intercept and measure the downward flux of gases at the lunar surface. Initial activation of the LACE instrument occurred on December 27, 1972, approximately 50 hr after sunset, and operation continued throughout the first lunar night. Sunrise brought a high background gas level and necessitated discontinuing operation during lunar daytime except for a brief check near noon. Near sunset, operation was resumed and continued throughout the night. This sequence was repeated for the second and third lunations.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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  • 3
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    Preliminary lift and drag characteristics of the F-8 supercritical wing airplane (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: its Supercritical Wing Technol.: A Report on Flight Evaluation; p 59-70
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  • 4
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    Atmospheric electricity (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-02
    Beschreibung: Atmospheric electricity must be considered in the design, transportation, and operation of aerospace vehicles. The effect of the atmosphere as an insulator and conductor of high voltage electricity, at various atmospheric pressures, must also be considered. The vehicle can be protected as follows: (1) By insuring that all metallic sections are connected by electrical bonding so that the current flow from a lightning stroke is conducted over the skin without any gaps where sparking would occur or current would be carried inside; (2) by protecting buildings and other structures on the ground with a system of lightning rods and wires over the outside to carry the lightning stroke into the ground; (3) by providing a zone of protection for launch complexes; (4) by providing protection devices in critical circuits; (5) by using systems which have no single failure mode; and (6) by appropriate shielding of units sensitive to electromagnetic radiation.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Terrest. Environ. (Climatic) Criteria Guidelines for Use in Aerospace Vehicle Develop., 1973 Rev.; 28 p
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  • 5
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    Spectral composition of a measuring signal during measurements of vibration rates of a moving body (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: Cybernetics diagnostics of machines and mechanisms using the spectral approach is discussed. The problem of establishing the accuracy of determination of the spectral composition is investigated. In systems with rectilinear or rotary movement, the vibrations appear in the form of movement rate vibrations, which are equivalent to frequency modulation of the signal, in proportion to the mean movement rate of the body. The case of a harmonic signal which reproduces and analyzes the characteristics of the frequency modulated signal is discussed. Mathematical models are developed to show the relationships of the parameters.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 275-278
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  • 6
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    Certain characteristics and capture regions of nonlinear vibrating systems (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: Free vibrations of a system and vibrations which are multiples of them in frequency are discussed. The corresponding periodic forced vibrations of the type n/m (n is the number of periods of disturbance between periods of movement and m is the number of periods of movement in one period of disturbance), generated by a harmonic or close to harmonic disturbance, are propagated close to the corresponding curves of the free vibrations and their frequency multiples. It has been proposed that investigation of transitional modes of motion and capture regions be carried out by precise methods in phase space, with the least number of coordinates. Thus, for example, for nonautonomous second order equations (for example, the Duffing equations), in place of three variables (coordinates, velocity, phases), it is proposed to use two: velocity during transition of the coordinate through zero and phase.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 256-259
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  • 7
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    Transitional modes of motion and capture regions of vibroshock systems (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: A numerical analysis of the transitional modes of motion for a vibroshock system was conducted. The capture regions of the system are emphasized. The three initial parameters for a nonautonomous vibroshock system with one degree of freedom are identified as: (1) coordinates, (2) velocity, and (3) time. Mathematical models are developed to show the relationship of the parameters. Graphs are included to show the nature of the capture regions and to portray the trajectory of motion of mass with time, by solution of differential equations during increase and decrease in time.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 250-255
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  • 8
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    The relationship of transient vibrational processes at a point in a plate to the nature of sudden kinematic disturbances (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: A solution is given to the problem of a transient vibration process in a fastened plate, during a sudden displacement of the edge. Some partial cases of excitation are examined in which the packing can be calculated and the explicit type of change in a deformation over time can be found. Some examples are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 204-207
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  • 9
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    Structural analysis of vibroacoustical processes (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: The method of automatic identification of acoustical signals, by means of the segmentation was used to investigate noises and vibrations in machines and mechanisms, for cybernetic diagnostics. The structural analysis consists of presentation of a noise or vibroacoustical signal as a sequence of segments, determined by the time quantization, in which each segment is characterized by specific spectral characteristics. The structural spectrum is plotted as a histogram of the segments, also as a relation of the probability density of appearance of a segment to the segment type. It is assumed that the conditions of ergodic processes are maintained.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 179-180
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  • 10
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    Use of the dispersion ratio in estimating the nonlinear properties of an object of diagnosis (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: An experimental investigation for estimating the nonlinearity of a diagnostic object was carried out on a single-stage, spur gear reducer. The linearity of the properties of spur gearing (including the linearity of its mode of operation) was tested. Torsional vibrations of the driven wheel and transverse (to the meshing plane) vibrations of the drive wheel on its support were taken as the two outputs of the object to be analyzed. The results of the investigation showed that the degree of nonlinearity of a reducing gear is essentially connected with its operating mode, so that different mathematical models of it can correspond to different values of the system parameters.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 157-159
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  • 11
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    Part 1: The stability of equilibrium shapes of elastic systems (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-01
    Beschreibung: The stability of equilibrium shapes of elastic systems is examined. Stability loss in the case of similar equilibrium shapes, the disappearance of stable equilibrium shapes, and the disappearance of any forms of equilibrium are discussed. The error made by Euler in analyzing stability loss is pointed out, and Mises' truss is used as an example of stability loss in the case of similar equilibrium shapes.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Stability and Oscillation of Elastic Systems: Mod. Concepts, Paradoxes and Errors (NASA-TT-F-751); p 1-183
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  • 12
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    Part 2: Oscillations of elastic systems (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-01
    Beschreibung: Problems of oscillations of linear systems are discussed, including systems with a fractional number of degrees of freedom as well as free oscillations of a cantilever in the field of centrifugal forces. Four methods of solving the problem of the action of periodic instantaneous impulses are presented. The Tacoma catastrophe is analyzed and used as an example of aeroelastic oscillations. Problems of nonlinear system oscillations include the vibration maintenance of rotation, the Sommerfeld effect, and self-oscillations of a quasi-system with dry friction.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Stability and Oscillation of Elastic Systems: Mod. Concepts, Paradoxes and Errors NASA-TT-F-751); p 184-418
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  • 13
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    Atmospheric attenuation relative to earth-viewing orbital sensors (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-02
    Beschreibung: Earth viewing space missions offer exciting new possibilities in several earth resources disciplines - geography, hydrology, agriculture, geology, and oceanography, to name a few. A most useful tool in planning experiments and applying space technology to earth observation is a statistical description of atmospheric parameters. Four dimensional atmospheric models and a world wide cloud model are used to produce atmospheric attenuation models to predict degradation effects for all classes of sensors for application to earth sensing experiments from spaceborne platforms. To insure maximum utility and application of these products, the development of an interaction model of microwave energy and atmospheric variables provides a complete description of the effects of atmospheric moisture upon microwaves.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Terrest. Environ. (Climatic) Criteria Guidelines for Use in Aerospace Vehicle Develop., 1973 Rev.; 21 p
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  • 14
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    Identification of an object by input and output spectral characteristics (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: The problem is discussed of identification of a linear object of known structure, the movement of which is described by a system of differential equations of the type y = Ay + Bu, where y is an n-dimensional output vector, u is an m-dimensional vector of stationary, random disturbances (inputs), A and B are matrices of unknown parameters of the dimension, n x n and n x m, respectively. The spectral and reciprocal spectral densities of the inputs and outputs are used as the initial information on the object.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 139-141
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  • 15
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    Investigation of vibrations of working elements of a two coordinate scanner (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: Radial and axial vibration measurements on the scanning disk and the data storage board of an optical-mechanical scanner are evaluated. Statistical processing of the observational data establishes the excitation source and determines the effect of disk torsional vibrations on the data storage board.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 105-106
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  • 16
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    Diagnostics of load vibrations at the inlet of a mechanism (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: The torque of a drive shaft in a magnetic recording device was studied by oscillographic recordings. Statistical evaluation of the dynamic spectral densities showed that the principle source of disturbing forces is loading in the drive shaft radial play.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 103-104
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  • 17
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    Analysis of vibration characteristics of thin plates covered with a thin viscous layer (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: The equation of motion was used to examine the problem of vibrations of a thin elastic plate covered with a thin viscous layer. Mathematical formulation and the solution of the problem are given.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 89-90
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  • 18
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    Experimental estimation of the statistical parameters of vibrations of a shell (using a digital computer), 2 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: The statistical characteristics of complex variation amplitudes of shells excited by harmonic force sources in the sound frequency range are examined. Vibrations were measured with a multichannel unit, permitting the component values of a complex vibration amplitude for the i-th measurement point to be obtained at each measured point. An estimation was also made of the nature of the vibration field structure.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 68-73
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  • 19
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    Automation of measurement of spatial damping parameters (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: A traveling wave unit was built to process measurement data on spatial damping parameters and to simplify statistical treatment of the results. Mean values of the loss coefficient, lengths of flexual waves, and wave propagation velocities for a given set of discrete functions were determined. Results are given in a table.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 81-82
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  • 20
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    A mathematical modeling method for determination of local vibroacoustic characteristics of structures (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: A method is proposed for determining vibroacoustic characteristics from the results of measurements of the distribution of vibrational energy in a structure. The method is based on an energy model of a structure studied earlier. Equations are written to describe the distribution of vibrational energy in a hypothetical diffuse energy state in structural elements.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 74-77
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  • 21
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    Experimental estimation of the statistical parameters of vibrations of a shell (using a digital computer), 1 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: The distribution pattern of the amplitudes of vibrations, measured at various points on the surface of a shell, stimulated by a point source of harmonic force in the sound frequency range was studied experimentally. This pattern permits a valid spacing estimate to be carried out of the average structural characteristics of the vibrations, which are used for both estimation of the vibration excitability of the structure and for estimation of the effectiveness of use of a vibration-absorbing covering.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 61-67
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  • 22
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    Statistical parameters of reverberating fields, calculated by computer (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: A method, developed for making measurements in reverberation chambers in the steady state mode, is reported. Spatial distribution patterns of the square of the sound pressure vs type of exciting signal were produced theoretically and checked experimentally in a reverberation chamber. Results of measurements of spatial irregularities of the field with pure tones and with noise bands in the 200 to 2,000 Hz frequency range were used for calculating statistical parameters of the reverbation fields by computer. The calculation program included determination of density probability function, integral distribution pattern, mathematical expectation, normalized dispersion of the mean square of the pressure.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 57-60
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  • 23
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    Investigation of vibrations in electric power transmission lines (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: Research was begun into the dynamic characteristics of wires, including the self-damping properties. A series of wire insulator fastenings, with and without dampers, was also developed.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 48-49
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  • 24
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    Analytic description of vibrations in a piping system with pulsating flow (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: Various calculation schemes were proposed for describing vibrations in a piping system with pulsating flow. Methods were selected and applied according to the type of irregularities examined: concentrated ones, extended ones, or complex ones. The selection of a method also depends on comparability of the extent of the irregularities with the pressure wavelength and velocity in the flow. Relations were found which permit a description of the interaction of a pulsating flow with any irregularity in the system. For complex systems with varying temperatures and some irregularities, relations were obtained, which reflect the varying phase displacement of the forces in these irregularities. The effect of the frictional torque on pipeline supports, in the presence of flexural and torsional vibrations was investigated, on the assumption that the frictional torque depends linearly on the angular velocity.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 51-52
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  • 25
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    Investigation of the reactions of skin panels in relation to duration of acoustical loading (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: Certain characteristics of the reactions of typical skin panels of a passenger aircraft to acoustical loading are being investigated, for development of an objective method of diagnostics for skin condition, under the operations and maintenance sections of civil aviation. There are a number of difficulties connected with the solution of this problem. The reactions of skin panels exposed to the noises of the exhaust jets are dependent on the aircraft operating conditions, the geometric parameters and limiting conditions of the panels.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 41-43
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  • 26
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    The use of a digital computer for calculation of acoustic fields of complex vibrating structures by the reciprocity principle (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: A program was compiled for calculating acoustical pressure levels, which might be created by vibrations of complex structures (an assembly of shells and rods), under the influence of a given force, for cases when these fields cannot be measured directly. The acoustical field is determined according to transition frequency and pulse characteristics of the structure in the projection mode. Projection characteristics are equal to the reception characteristics, for vibrating systems in which the reciprocity principle holds true. Characteristics in the receiving mode are calculated on the basis of experimental data on a point pulse space velocity source (input signal) and vibration response of the structure (output signal). The space velocity of a pulse source, set at a point in space r, where it is necessary to calculate the sound field of the structure p(r,t), is determined by measurements of acoustic pressure, created by a point source at a distance R. The vibration response is measured at the point where the forces F and f exciting the system should act.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 53-56
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  • 27
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    Externally blown flap dynamic loads (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-27
    Beschreibung: Some of the principal results obtained in three series of measurements of fluctuating surface pressures induced on externally blown flaps by jet impingment are presented. Large- and small-scale models and hot- and cold-flow tests are considered. The discussion sets forth scaling parameters and consistent features of the root-mean-square values and spectra of the loading. Implications of these results with regard to sonic fatigue are indicated.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: STOL Technol.; p 131-142
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  • 28
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    The origin of intermediate and deep focus earthquakes (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: An elastic plate model is used to describe the origin of intermediate and deep earthquakes. It is shown that the earth is covered by about eight tectonic plates that have relative motions; along plate boundary lines, one plate thrusting under the other, causes deflection and buckling of the elastic plate structure in regions of maximum curvature that may trigger earthquakes.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 220-223
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  • 29
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    Polar motion (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: Tracking of the Beacon Explorer-C satellite by a precision laser system was used to measure the polar motion and solid earth tide. The tidal perturbation of satellite latitude is plotted as variation in maximum latitude in seconds of arc on earth's surface as a function of the date, and polar motion is shown by plotting the variation in latitude of the laser in seconds of arc along the earth's surface as a function of date
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 216-219
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  • 30
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    A detailed gravimetric geoid of North America, the North Atlantic, Eurasia, and Australia (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: A computer program was developed for the calculation of a goid based upon a combination of satellite and surface gravity data. A detailed gravimetric geoid of North America, the North Atlantic, Eurasia, and Australia was derived by using this program.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 212-215
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    Earth physics, overview (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: Satellite applications in earth and ocean dynamic studies are considered for: earthquake hazard assessment and alleviation; prediction of general ocean circulation, surface currents, and heat transport; monitoring of transient phenomena of the ocean surface, such as sea state and wave conditions, wind-surface interactions and storm searches; and refinement of the global geoid, the gravity and magnetic fields of the earth.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 211
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  • 32
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    Tides in the upper atmosphere: A controversy resolved? (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: Diurnal temperature variations in the upper atmosphere are caused by heating resulting from the absorption of solar energy by ozone near the stratopause and by water vapor in the troposphere. Theoretical temperature variations given as a function of time and height show a discrepancy for the maximum temperature variation. A comprehensive set of acoustic grande soundings establish phase changes with altitude in agreement with the theory although times of maximum and minimum are not aligned at all altitudes.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 205-208
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  • 33
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    Effects of the atmosphere on ERTS observations (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: Atmospheric radiation models and methods of computing radiation effects are reported that are important both in the meteorological and Earth Resources Satellite programs. Results of using them to compute the atmospheric effects on just the ERTS observations are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 193-195
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  • 34
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    Satellite observations during the rapid intensification of hurricane Camille (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: Medium resolution infrared radiometer observations at the 6.7 micrometer and the 11 micrometer regions by satellite during the maximum intensification phase of hurricane Camille show increasing black body temperatures near the center. This is attributed to increased upward vertical motion in the interior of the cyclone, which is an indication of rapid intensification.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 196-200
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  • 35
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    Oceanic turbidity and chlorophyll as inferred from ERTS-1 observations (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: Spectral signatures of phytoplankton and other obscuring effects are considered in order to determine how to best use satellite data. The results of this study were then used to analyze the spectral data obtained from the ERTS-1 multispectral scanner (MSS). The analyzed satellite data were finally compared with surface ship measurements of chlorophyll concentration. It was found that the effects of water turbidity on the multispectral imagery can be discriminated by rationing the two shortest wavelength channels so that the effect of phytoplankton is enhanced.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 190-192
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  • 36
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    Remote sensing of sea ice motion (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: Remote sensing by ERTS-1 provides overlapping coverage on sequential days of dynamic changes in Arctic Sea ice and allows for route planning of shipping in the polar region.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 182-186
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  • 37
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    Polar mapping with ERTS-1 (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: The applicability of multispectral ERTS-1 imagery to polar ice detection, local current effects, map corrections, relative lake depth measurements, and estimates of ice breakup is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 178-181
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  • 38
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    Earth observations, overview (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: An overview is given of research and development activities at the Laboratory for Meteorology and Earth Sciences. Highlights of satellite techniques in earth observation missions and projects are outlined, as are remote sensing methods by aircraft overflights; most noteworthy among these is the development of multispectral scanners that monitor both the reflected infrared solar radiation and the emitted terrestrial radiation. The application of observations to the survey of environmental conditions and resource management is emphasized.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 161-177
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  • 39
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    Compensation of vibrations of a unidimensional structure and a plane acoustical field (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: Endless structures are realized in practice, in the presence of loss and to an adequate extent, owing to which, reflections from the edges to the center part of the structure can be disregarded. In the absence of losses, reflections from the boundary frequently have to be taken into account. In this case, besides compensation for waves passing through the boundary, the reciprocal connection system can be used for compensation of the total field ahead of the boundary. In these cases, the system converters can be located in a different manner relative to the boundary and to one another. Each of the locations has inherent peculiarities, which must be taken into account in solving specific problems.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 222-228
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  • 40
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    Active damping of unidimensional structures (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-28
    Beschreibung: The vibration characteristics of an unidimensional structure are discussed. The cases considered are: (1) a rigid pipe in which a wave propagates, (2) an infinite string along which a transverse wave propagates, (3) a rod along which longitudinal or torsional columns propagate, and (4) generally a unidimensional propagation of some one mode of vibrations which is nondegenerating with distance. Mathematical models are developed to show the performance of the mechanical devices under various damping conditions.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 216-221
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  • 41
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    Review of drag measurements from flight tests of manned aircraft with comparisons to wind-tunnel predictions (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-14
    Beschreibung: In-flight studies of the overall and local components of drag of many types of aircraft were conducted. The primary goal of these studies was to evaluate wind-tunnel and semiempirical prediction methods. Some evaluations are presented in this paper which may be summarized by the following observations: Wind-tunnel predictions of overall vehicle drag can be accurately extrapolated to flight Reynolds numbers, provided that the base drag is removed and the boattail areas on the vehicle are small. The addition of ablated roughness to lifting body configurations causes larger losses in performance and stability than would be expected from the added friction drag due to the roughness. Successful measurements of skin friction have been made in flight to Mach numbers above 4. A reliable inflatable deceleration device was demonstrated in flight which effectively stabilizes and decelerates a lifting aircraft at supersonic speeds.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Aerodyn. Drag; 12 p
    Format: text
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  • 42
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    A summary of current research in rotor unsteady aerodynamics with emphasis on work at Langley Research Center (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-14
    Beschreibung: The basic unsteady aerodynamic environment of the rotary wing is summarized. Some of the observed trends in the state of the art are discussed. Some of the research needs that will require attention are reported. A review of a number of research investigations as a part of a joint NASA/Army rotorcraft project is presented. The research is directed toward achieving a better understanding of rotor unsteady airfoils. The investigations include: (1) rotor maneuver loads; (2) level flight and maneuver wake prediction; (3) tip-vortex flow; (4) blade-vortex interactions; (5) dynamic stall; (6) transient Mach number air loads; and (7) development of variable geometry rotors.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Aerodyn. of Rotary Wings; 20 p
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  • 43
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    A variable step incremental procedure (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Description of a variable step incremental procedure for the solution of nonlinear equations in finite element structural analysis. The proposed procedure is effective in improving the accuracy of the basic incremental technique and in providing, in addition, an accurate estimate of the discretization error. The proposed approach is highly appropriate for solving problems for which the user has no a priori estimate of the step size to use.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering; 7; 4, 19; 1973
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  • 44
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    Further discrete variable results for a panel flutter optimization problem (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Numerical solutions are presented for the problem of minimum weight design of a thin one-dimensional, simply supported, solid panel in compression, with one side exposed to a parallel high supersonic air flow. The flutter speed is held fixed and a minimum thickness constraint is imposed.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering; 7; 4, 19; 1973
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  • 45
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    Integral equation for small perturbations of irrotational flows (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An investigation is conducted concerning the validity of analytical methods which are based on deriving an integral equation, taking into account small perturbations in the case of a nonuniform but irrotational flow. The results obtained apply to a wide Mach number range, but are restricted to small amplitude motions and to nonviscous flows. It is shown that the integral equation relating the unknown velocity potential to the known normal flow velocity can be derived from the appropriate Green's identity.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 11; Dec. 197
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  • 46
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    Magnetospheric current sheets (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A review is presented of theories and observations of current sheets in the magnetosphere, emphasizing the magnetopause and tail current sheets. Theoretical models of the magnetopause current sheet can be divided into two types: specular reflection and fluid models containing no external magnetic field, and models with an interplanetary/magnetosheath magnetic field. Our understanding of the first type is much better than of the second, although magnetospheric observations indicate that the external magnetic field plays an important role. Most of the theoretical models of the tail current sheet attempt to arrive at an understanding of the reconnection process or start with the assumption that reconnection is important. Observations are reviewed and implications for the models are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 47
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    Deformation and instability of underthrusting lithospheric plates (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 48
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    The effect of thermal stratification and evaporation on geostrophic drag coefficient in the atmospheric boundary layer (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: It is shown that the fields of velocity, eddy viscosity, potential temperature, and specific humidity in a planetary boundary layer are decoupled by the introduction of a free parameter, Q, which combines the effects of thermal and humidity stratification. Solutions of the whole system are shown to be obtainable by the method of trial and error on Q. Results show good agreement when both the thermal and humidity stratification are accounted for.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Monthly Weather Review; 101; Aug. 197
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  • 49
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    On the inviscid rolled-up structure of lift-generated vortices (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A simple form is presented of the relationships derived by Betz for the inviscid, fully developed structure of lift-generated vortices behind aircraft. An extension is then made to arbitrary span-load distributions by inferring guidelines for the selection of rollup centers for the vortex sheet. These techniques are easier to use and yield more realistic estimates of the rolled-up structure of vortices than the original form of Betz' theory when the span loading differs appreciably from elliptic loading.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 10; Nov. 197
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  • 50
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    Van Driest generalization applied to turbulent skin friction and velocity profiles measured on the wall of a Mach 7.4 wind tunnel (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 11; Dec. 197
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  • 51
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    Magnetospheric field morphology at magnetically quiet times (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Review of the magnetospheric morphology, using the method of the Delta B topology, where Delta B is the difference between the observed and a reference field. It is confirmed that Delta B continuously decreases inward to close distances from the earth at all local times. Extrapolating the statistical relation between Dst at the ground and the equatorial Delta B obtained from OGO-5 near perigee, it is shown that Dst is 54 gammas, when Delta B is zero at approximately 2 to 3 earth radii. Conversely, for a magnetically quiet condition as defined by Dst = 0, the average equatorial Delta B at these distances is -45 gammas. These results demonstrate the significance of the effects of the magnetospheric equatorial current that exists even at quiet times. A preliminary study of inclination shows that the field lines on the dusk side are more stretched out than on the dawn side. A comparison of declination on both sides indicates that the bending of the field lines toward the tail is greater near dusk than near dawn. These results suggest an appreciable dawn-dusk asymmetry in the configuration of the inner magnetospheric field.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 52
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    Density and temperature distributions in non-uniform rotating planetary exospheres with applications to earth (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Planetary and Space Science; 21; Dec. 197
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  • 53
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    Use of three-dimensional photoelasticity in fracture mechanics (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The philosophy of fracture mechanics is reviewed and utilized to formulate a simplified approach to the determination of the stress-intensity factor photoelastically for three-dimensional problems. The method involves a Taylor Series correction for the maximum in-plane shear stress (TSCM) and does not involve stress separation. The results are illustrated by applying the TSCM to surface flaws in bending fields. Other three-dimensional problems solved by the TSCM are cited.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 54
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    A study of the electric field in an open magnetospheric model (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Recently, Svalgaard and Heppner reported two separate features of the polar electromagnetic field that correlate with the dawn-dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field. This work attempts to explain these findings in terms of properties of the open magnetosphere. The topology and qualitative properties of the open magnetosphere are first studied by means of a simple model, consisting of a dipole in a constant field. Many such properties are found to depend on the separation line, a curve connecting neutral points and separating different field line regimes. In the simple model it turns out that the electric field in the central polar cap tends to point from dawn to dusk for a wide variety of external fields, but, near the boundary of the polar cap, electric equipotentials are deformed into crescents.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Nov. 1
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  • 55
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    Effect of anisotropic turbulence on aerodynamic noise (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A model based on Lighthill's theory for predicting aerodynamic noise from a turbulent shear flow is developed. This model is a generalization of the one developed by Ribner. It does not require that the turbulent correlations factor into space and time-dependent parts. It replaces his assumption of isotropic turbulence by the more realistic one of axisymmetric turbulence. In the course of the analysis, a hierarchy of equations is developed wherein each succeeding equation involves more assumptions than the preceding equation but requires less experimental information for its use. The implications of the model for jet noise are discussed. It is shown that for the particular turbulence data considered anisotropy causes the high-frequency self-noise to be beamed downstream.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Acoustical Society of America; vol. 54
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  • 56
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    Band absorption in nonhomogeneous, isotropically-scattering planetary atmospheres - Theory and experiment (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A computer program is developed which predicts the vertical distribution of an absorbing species in an isotropically-scattering, finite planetary atmosphere from measurements of the upwelling band radiance determined by a vertically traversing 2-channel radiometer. Comparison is made with experiment.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer; 13; Dec. 197
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    Three-dimensional separation for interaction of shock waves with turbulent boundary layers (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: For the interaction of shock waves with turbulent boundary layers, obtained experimental three-dimensional separation results and correlations with earlier two-dimensional and three-dimensional data are presented. It is shown that separation occurs much earlier for turbulent three-dimensional than for two-dimensional flow at hypersonic speeds.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 58
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    First measurements of electron temperature in the D region with a symmetric double probe (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Measurement of the altitude profile of electron temperature in the ionospheric D region with the aid of a symmetric double probe flown on a Nike-Cajun payload launched on Oct. 13, 1971. The procedure for determining the electron temperature from the parameters of the double probe's current-voltage characteristic under conditions of nonnegligible ion-atom collision frequencies is described. It is shown that in its first lower ionospheric application the technique of the symmetric double probe has yielded the lowest values of electron temperature yet measured and has provided the very first direct measurement of electron temperature in the D region.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Nov. 1
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  • 59
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    Theory of the phase anomaly in the thermosphere (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Discussion of the temperature-density phase anomaly on the basis of a quasi-three-dimensional model in which the thermosphere dynamics associated with wind circulation is considered in a self-consistent form. Included in this analysis are the first three harmonics, which involve nonlinear coupling between diurnal and semidiurnal tides. It is shown that the phase anomaly with exospheric temperature peaks near 1600 LT and mass density peaks between 1400 and 1445 LT can be reproduced in a self-consistent theory without invoking ad hoc assumptions and boundary conditions that would mask the physical processes to be explored. A number of factors and processes are found to contribute to the phase anomaly, including the semidiurnal and particularly the terdiurnal components, heat advection, diffusion, and energy coupling with the lower atmosphere.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Nov. 1
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    Evaluation of fatigue-crack growth rates by polynomial curve fitting (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Fundamental characterization of the constant-amplitude fatigue crack propagation is achieved by an analysis of the rate of change of crack length with change in number of applied loading cycles, defining the rate values such that they are consistent with the basic assumption of smoothness and continuity in the fatigue crack growth process. The technique used to satisfy the analytical conditions and minimize the effects of local material anomalies and experimental errors is that of fitting a smooth curve to the entire set of basic data by least square regression. This yields a well-behaved function relating the number of cycles to the crack length. By taking the first derivative of the function, the crack growth rate is obtained for each point. The class of curve fitting functions used in the analysis is the polynomial of degree n.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: International Journal of Fracture; 9; Mar. 197
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    Physics of planetary ionospheres (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The fundamental physical and chemical processes in an idealized planetary ionosphere are considered as a general abstraction, with actual planetary ionospheres representing special cases. After describing the structure of the neutral atmospheres (the barosphere, the thermosphere, and the exosphere) and noting the principal ionizing radiations responsible for the formation of planetary ionospheres, a detailed study is made of the thermal structure of these ionospheres and of the chemical processes and plasma-transport processes occurring in them. The features of equilibrium and realistic models of planetary ionospheres are discussed, and an attempt is made to determine the extent of these ionospheres. Considering the ionosphere as a plasma, a plasma kinetic approach is developed for determining the effects of interactions between individual particles and waves in this plasma. The use of remote-sensing radio techniques and direct measurement or in situ techniques is discussed. Finally, the observed properties of the ionospheres of the Earth, Mars, Venus, and Jupiter are reviewed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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    An improved numerical process for solution of solid mechanics problems (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: This paper gives an overview of the development and status of an improved numerical process for the solution of solid mechanics problems. The proposed process uses a mixed formulation with the fundamental unknowns consisting of both stress and displacement parameters. The problem is formulated either by means of first-order partial differential equations or in a variational form by using a Hellinger-Reissner-type mixed variational principle. For presentation purposes, the components of a numerical process are characterized and the criteria for an ideal process are outlined. Commonly used finite-difference and finite-element procedures are examined in the light of these criteria and it is shown that they fall short in a number of ways. The proposed numerical process, on the other hand, satisfies most of the optimality criteria and appears to be particularly suited for use with the forthcoming generation computers.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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    High latitude electric fields and the modulations related to interplanetary magnetic field parameters (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The meaning and characteristics of basic and average convection (i.e., electric field) patterns are described. The continuous existence of the basic convection pattern argues against treating magnetic field merging mechanisms as the fundamental cause of magnetospheric convection. However, whether related to merging or to some other mechanism, interplanetary magnetic field conditions significantly modulate the distribution, magnitudes, and boundaries of the convection pattern. A previous correlation between azimuthal angles of the interplanetary magnetic field and asymmetries in polar cap electric field distributions as seen by OGO-6 is reviewed. A new approach is taken to reveal correlations with the north-south angle and magnitude of the interplanetary field as well as additional features which correlate with the azimuthal angle. Both significant correlations and conditions which show a lack of correlation are found. Several aspects of the correlations appear to be particularly important.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 64
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    Observations from space of the solar corona/inner zodiacal light (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Observations, from the Apollo 16 Spacecraft, in lunar orbit, of the total radiance of the K + F corona, from 3 to 55 solar radii are presented and discussed. The logarithmic slope of the K + F coronal radiance, at distances greater than 20 solar radii, is found to be n equals 1.93, slightly less steep than previous determinations. The photometric axis of the radiance is found to be displaced 3 plus or minus 1 deg north of the ecliptic, at distances greater than 20 solar radii, and this displacement is interpreted as an annual variation due to non-coincidence of the ecliptic and the symmetry axis of the zodiacal cloud.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Planetary and Space Science; 21; Dec. 197
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  • 65
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    A refined analysis of composite laminates (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The purpose of this paper is to develop a sufficiently accurate analysis, which is much simpler than exact three-dimensional analysis, for statics and dynamics of composite laminates. The governing differential equations and boundary conditions are derived by following a variational approach. The displacements are assumed piecewise linear across the thickness and the effects of transverse shear deformations and rotary inertia are included. A procedure for obtaining the general solution of the above governing differential equations in the form of hyperbolic-trigonometric series is given. The accuracy of the present theory is assessed by obtaining results for free vibrations and flexure of simply supported rectangular laminates and comparing them with results from exact three-dimensional analysis.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 30; Oct. 22
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  • 66
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    Magnetic hysteresis in natural materials (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Magnetic hysteresis loops and the derived hysteresis ratios R sub H and R sub I are used to classify the various natural dilute magnetic materials. R sub I is the ratio of saturation isothermal remanence (I sub R) to saturation (I sub S) magnetization, and R sub H is the ratio of remanent coercive force (H sub R) to coercive force (H sub C). The R sub H and R sub I values depend on grain size, the characteristics of separate size modes in mixtures of grains of high and low coercivity, and the packing characteristics. Both R sub H and R sub I are affected by thermochemical alterations of the ferromagnetic fraction. Hysteresis loop constriction is observed in lunar samples, chondrite meteorites, and thermochemically altered basaltic rocks, and is due to mixtures of components of high and low coercivity. Discrete ranges of R sub H and R sub I for terrestrial and lunar samples and for chondrite meteorites provide for a classification of these natural materials based on their hysteresis properties.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 20; 1, Se; Sept
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  • 67
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    A graphical method for the investigation of shock interference phenomena (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 68
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    Shooting method for solution of boundary-layer flows with massive blowing (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A modified, bidirectional shooting method is presented for solving boundary-layer equations under conditions of massive blowing. Unlike the conventional shooting method, which is unstable when the blowing rate increases, the proposed method avoids the unstable direction and is capable of solving complex boundary-layer problems involving mass and energy balance on the surface.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 69
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    Derivation of aerodynamic kernel functions (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The method of Fourier transforms is used to determine the kernel function which relates the pressure on a lifting surface to the prescribed downwash within the framework of Dowell's (1971) shear flow model. This model is intended to improve upon the potential flow aerodynamic model by allowing for the aerodynamic boundary layer effects neglected in the potential flow model. For simplicity, incompressible, steady flow is considered. The proposed method is illustrated by deriving known results from potential flow theory.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 70
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    Vibration characteristics of aluminum plates reinforced with boron-epoxy composite material. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Analytical and experimental data on the vibration characteristics of cantilevered winglike flat trapezoidal aluminum plates are presented. The plates had been reinforced with boron-epoxy composite material which had been placed symmetrically about the plate middle surface. The effect of filament orientation on the mode shapes and frequencies of the first ten modes and on the damping coefficients of several of the lowest frequency modes has been investigated experimentally. Experimental data are compared with results from a finite-element analysis. Stiffness properties of the composite material for use in the analysis were determined from vibration tests of composite reinforced aluminum beams.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Journal of Composite Materials; 7; July 197
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  • 71
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    Variations in the stratospheric ozone field inferred from Nimbus satellite observations. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The ultraviolet earth radiance data from the backscatter ultraviolet experiment on Nimbus 4 have been inverted to infer ozone profiles using a single Rayleigh scattering model. Two methods of solution give essentially the same results. Comparison of these profiles with simultaneous rocket sounding data shows satisfactory agreement at low and middle latitudes. Vertical cross-sections of ozone mixing ratio along the orbital tracks indicate that while the gross characteristics of the ozone field above 10 mb are under photochemical control, the influence of atmospheric motions can be found up to the 4 mb level.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 72
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    The Nimbus-4 backscatter ultraviolet /BUV/ atmospheric ozone experiment Two years' operation. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Review of some of the procedures and results of the double monochromator and colinear photometer Nimbus-4 satellite experiment that measures ultraviolet terrestrial radiance, Lambert reflectivity of the lower boundary of the scattering atmosphere, and extraterrestrial solar irradiance. The experiment has produced nearly three years of almost continuous data which are being used to infer the high-level ozone distribution and total ozone on a global basis. The high-level ozone data have been verified by independent coincident rocket ozone soundings, and the total ozone values show good agreement with Dobson spectrophotometer determinations. An increase has been observed in equatorial radiance at 2550 A relative to 2900 A, which seems to indicate that the amount of ozone in the upper stratosphere is related to the eleven-year solar cycle.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 73
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    Spectral structure of tropospheric vertical temperature profiles over Cape Kennedy, Florida. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Recent Jimsphere/Jimsonde measurements of tropospheric temperature profile spectra in the wavelength band from 50 to 2000 meters above the atmospheric boundary layer, taken over Cape Kennedy, Florida, are summarized. The results suggest that the spectra can be represented in the nondimensional form (omega sub g/sigma sub w)phi(k)/sigma sub T squared = S(K), where phi(k) is the temperature profile spectrum at wave number k, omega sub g is the Brunt-Vasala frequency, sigma sub w and sigma sub T denote the standard deviations of the vertical velocity and temperature profiles, and S is a universal function of nondimensional wave number K = k sigma sub w/omega sub g.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 20
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  • 74
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    Introduction (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Since May 1970, personnel on several campuses of the University of California have been conducting investigations which seek to determine the usefulness of modern remote sensing techniques for studying various components of California's earth resources complex. Emphasis has been given to California's water resources as exemplified by the Feather River project and other aspects of the California Water Plan. This study is designed to consider in detail the supply, demand, and impact relationships. The specific geographic areas studied are the Feather River drainage in northern California, the Chino-Riverside Basin and Imperial Valley areas in southern California, and selected portions of the west side of San Joaquin Valley in central California. An analysis is also given on how an effective benefit-cost study of remote sensing in relation to California's water resources might best be made.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: An Integrated Study of Earth Resources in the State of Calif. Using Remote Sensing Tech.; 7 p
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  • 75
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    Water demand studies (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The areas of focus of the Santa Barbara and Riverside groups in conducting water demand studies are the central and southern California regional test sites, respectively. Within each test site, sub-areas have been selected for use in the making of detailed investigations. Within each of these sub-areas an in-depth evaluation is being made as to the capability of remote sensing systems to provide pertinent data relative to water demand phenomena. These more limited sub-areas are: (1) Kern County and the San Joaquin Basin; (2) Chino-Riverside Basin; and (3) the Imperial Valley. Rational for the selection of these subareas included the following: Much of the previous remote sensing research had been conducted in these areas and therefore a great deal of remote sensing imagery and pertinent ground truth for the areas was already available.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: An Integrated Study of Earth Resources in the State of Calif. Using Remote Sensing Tech.; 71 p
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  • 76
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    Water supply studies (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The primary test site for water supply investigations continues to be the Feather River watershed in northeastern California. This test site includes all of the area draining into and including the Oroville Reservoir. The principal effort is to determine the extent to which remote sensing techniques, when properly employed, can provide information useful to those persons concerned with the management and planning of lands and facilities for the production of water, using the Oroville Reservoir and the California Water Project as the focus for the study. In particular, emphasis is being placed on determining the cost effectiveness of information derived through remote sensing as compared with that currently being derived through more conventional means.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: An Integrated Study of Earth Resources in the State of Calif. Using Remote Sensing Tech.; 110 p
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  • 77
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    Correlation of hypersonic zero-lift drag data. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A pseudo-one-dimensional model of the supersonic combustion ramjet engine cycle is revised on the basis of recent (additional) data obtained from combustor tests. The data were generated in a simple nonreacting system which produces shock structures and shock/boundary layer interactions analogous to those observed at the entrance of supersonic combustors. It is shown that the revised model provides better descriptions of the wall pressure distributions and the overall shock pressure rises for the available test data.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 10; Sept
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  • 78
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    Fracture analysis of surface- and through-cracked sheets and plates. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The Neuber stress-concentration relation for notches in an elastic-plastic material subjected to shear loading was generalized for a crack in a finite plate subjected to tensile loading. An equation was derived which related the linear elastic stress-intensity factor, the applied stress, and two material parameters. The equation was then used as a two-parameter fracture criterion for surface- and through-cracked specimens. Fracture data from the literature on surface- and through-cracked sheet and plate specimens of steel, titanium alloy, titanium weldment, and aluminum alloy tested at room and cryogenic temperature were analyzed according to the proposed equation. For surface cracks, wide ranges of crack-depth to crack-length ratio and crack-depth to specimen-thickness ratio were considered. For through cracks, wide ranges of crack length and specimen width were also considered.-
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 79
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    Experimental test of magnetospheric models. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The barium cloud injection deep into the magnetosphere of Sept. 21, 1971, has revealed that the quiet-time near-equatorial nightside magnetic field is significantly different from that predicted by existing quite-time models. The influence of currents flowing on or near the geomagnetic equator gives the field a more tail-like structure at a distance as close as 5 earth radii. Several models have been tried out to obtain a best fit to the experimental observations of the shape of the field-aligned ion cloud. Although this method does not lead to a unique solution, the most acceptable option emerging from this analysis is a quiet-time tilted image-dipole model with a Williams-Mead tail field and a disclike ring current on the geomagnetic equator.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 1
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    Preliminary analysis of NASA optical data obtained in barium ion cloud experiment of September 21, 1971. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: This paper reviews the optical data obtained by NASA in the joint NASA-MPE experiment conducted on September 21, 1971, involving the release of a barium cloud at an altitude of about 31,500 km over Colombia, South America. The data indicated an anomalously high rate of elongation and an unexpectedly large rate of deceleration of the main core of the ion cloud. The outermost striational features achieved a steady velocity within a few minutes, thus indicating that they had acquired the velocity of the ambient plasma. From the observed drift of these striations, one deduces an electric field that, when referred to a coordinate system rotating with the earth, has a meridional component directed toward the interior of the magnetic loop of 0.14 mV/m and a component perpendicular to the meridional plane of 0.15 mV/m directed to the west.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 1
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  • 81
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    Diurnal and semidiurnal nitrogen density and temperature variations from thermosphere probe measurements. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Amplitudes and phases for the diurnal and semidiurnal variations of thermospheric molecular nitrogen density and temperature are determined from data obtained by six rocket-launched thermosphere probes. The semidiurnal tide is significant for the lower thermosphere variations, where it could dominate in the N2 density at 140 km and in the temperature for altitudes between 170 and 200 km. At exospheric heights, the magnitudes of the semidiurnal modes in density and temperature are significantly smaller than those of the diurnal mode. The temperature phase is height-dependent in both diurnal and semidiurnal components below 200 km, thus contributing to phase differences between N2 density and temperature in both modes. No significant phase differences are apparent between N2 density and thermospheric temperature above 250 km.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 1
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  • 82
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    An atlas of low-latitude 6300-A forbidden O I night airglow from Ogo 4 observations. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The atomic oxygen emission line at 6300 A as measured in the nadir direction by a photometer on the polar-orbiting satellite Ogo 4 has been plotted between 40 deg N and 40 deg S latitude on a series of maps for the moon-free periods between Aug. 30, 1967, and Jan. 10, 1968. Readily apparent are the longitudinal and local time variations that occur during the northern fall-winter season. The northern tropical arc is more widespread; the southern arc is not present at all longitudes. The arcs in early evening are strong and distinct, separated by very low emission rates at the magnetic equator. The arcs lie generally along magnetic parallels, move toward the magnetic equator as the night progresses, and, in the early morning hours, decrease in emission rate and degenerate into patches.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 1
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  • 83
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    Polar cap on Europa. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Photoelectric observations are reported of two occultations of Jupiter's satellite Europa by the satellite Io. The reductions in the intensity during these events exceeds predicted values by 80% and 55% for the nights of June 17, 1973, and June 24, 1973, respectively. It is concluded that Europa has a bright polar cap extending from the north pole to latitude 30 deg. The light curves for the Europa occultations are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Nature; 244; Aug. 31
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  • 84
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    Wind-driven currents in a shallow lake or sea. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A technique is given for obtaining exact analytical solutions for wind-driven currents in a shallow lake or sea with a large class of bottom topographies which may or may not contain an island. Welander's second-order partial differential equation for the lake's surface displacement is used for determining the lake circulation. The technique, together with some results based on conformal mapping, is used to reduce the problem of finding solutions to Welander's equation for a closed body of water to the problem of solving an ordinary differential equation. The method is applied to an elliptically shaped lake and a circular lake containing an eccentrically located circular island.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics; 26; Aug. 197
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  • 85
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    Electric field and fine structure in aurora. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Simultaneous rocket measurements of electric field and optical aurora during a weak PCA event are presented. The aurora consisted of faint structures superposed on a homogeneous glow, and on-board photometers showed that the rocket passed through two discrete auroral forms. These enhanced auroral emissions coincided with variations in the dc electric field and an increase in the ac field. A detailed comparison between electric fields and optical emissions shows that the relation is quite complex. The results are compared with earlier electric field and optical auroral measurements.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics; 35; Oct. 197
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  • 86
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    A numerical study of polar ionospheric currents. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Numerical calculations for the electric current in the polar ionosphere have been made by assuming some realistic distributions of the electric field and conductivity. Two dynamo actions are taken into account; one of which is induced by ionospheric winds and the other by the solar wind. For the solar wind dynamo action, it is found that the secondary polarization field caused by nonuniform distribution of ionospheric conductivity is much larger than the primary field induced by the solar wind, suggesting its important effect on charged particles in the magnetosphere, and that the irrotational current having a source and sink is of the same order of magnitude as the solenoidal current closing its circuit in the ionosphere. It is also found that the solar wind is, in general, more effective than the ionospheric winds in producing polar current systems such as DP 1 and 2, but in some cases the ionospheric winds have a significant effect on the current distribution.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Planetary and Space Science; 21; Aug. 197
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  • 87
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    A model of carbon compounds in the stratosphere and mesosphere. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A photochemical model with vertical transport is employed to compute profiles of CO, CH4, CH3, CH2, CHO, CH2O, CH3O, CH3O2, and CH4O2 from 10- to 90-km altitude. The upper boundary condition is taken as diffusive equilibrium at 120 km, and the lower boundary condition as chemical equilibrium or a flux condition at 10 km. The results are in reasonable agreement with observations and with the results of other model studies.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 20
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  • 88
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    The elastic layer with a cylindrical hole subjected to a nonuniform axisymmetric radial displacement. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A problem in the linear theory of elasticity is considered wherein a layer with a circular cylindrical hole is subjected to a nonuniform axisymmetric radial displacement. The solution utilizes Navier's equations of elasticity which are solved by means of extended Hankel transforms. A special case in which the radial displacement is a linear function of the axial coordinate is presented. Numerical results are given in graphical form for the case when hole radius and layer thickness are equal. The inversion integrals were evaluated numerically using Longman's technique for computing infinite integrals of oscillatory functions.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Acta Mechanica; 17; 1-2,; 1973
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  • 89
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    Excitation of the low-luminosity Balmer emissions in the geocorona. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Recent high-resolution observations by Reynolds, Roesler, and Scherb identify the low-intensity nighttime H-alpha and H-beta emission components that originate in the geocorona. They suggest that a Balmer-line-producing mechanism such as the one proposed by Kondo and Kupperian is perhaps responsible for generating the H-alpha and H-beta components of the geocorona. A theoretical calculation was performed using this model in which the geocorona hydrogen is excited through collision with the electrons. The results agree well with the observed intensity ratio, H-alpha/H-beta = 4 to 5. Other consequences of this excitation mechanism are also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; 184; Aug. 15
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  • 90
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    Particle and field observations from Explorer 45 during the December 1971 magnetic storm period. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Measurements of magnetic field variations and proton energy densities on Explorer 45 during the double magnetic storm of Dec. 16 through 19, 1971. Data are given for the magnetic signature of the ring current and for the proton ring current up to distances of 5.24 earth radii. Diagrams are included for orbits 99, 101, 102, and 103.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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  • 91
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    Double floating probe measurements on S3-A. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Model calculations are made to explain the behavior of the potential of a pair of symmetrical floating probes used for the measurement of dc electric fields inside the plasmapause on the S3-A satellite launched on Nov. 15, 1971, into an eccentric orbit. Data representing the behavior of three regions of the plasmapause on and around Dec. 17, 1971, are discussed. The behavior of the plasmapause is found to be generally similar to that determined by previous observations involving variable magnetic activity.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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  • 92
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    Energy spectra and pitch angle distributions of storm-time and substorm injected protons. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Discussion of the energy spectra and pitch angle distributions of ring current protons observed with the solid-state proton detector of Explorer 45 during the main and fast recovery phases of a storm on Dec. 17, 1971. Appearances of characteristic changes in the pitch angle distributions of roughly 100-eV protons are interpreted as pitch angle dispersion of rapidly injected protons during their azimuthal drift at L values above 5.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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  • 93
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    Ring current particle distributions during the magnetic storms of December 16-18, 1971. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Proton density energy distributions during two magnetic storms on Dec. 16 and 18, 1971, are derived from proton detector data of the S3-A satellite and are analyzed to show the contrast in the ring current developments during the two events. Ground magnetograms are also used in the analysis to show the magnetic field variations during the storms. Satellite orbits 97 through 103 are covered.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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  • 94
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    Predawn enhancement of 6300-A emission observed near the plasmapause from the Isis-2 spacecraft. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Data from several Isis-2 spacecraft passes are described in which the 6300-A atomic oxygen red line photometer mapped intensity steps resembling the predawn enhancement. Comparison with the electron density measured at the spacecraft indicates a plasmapause influence on the 6300-A emission rate, in that the intensity varies roughly inversely with the electron density at 1400 km. A simple calculation demonstrates the idea that field line opacity differences for photoelectrons are significant across the plasmapause. The measured electron temperatures are inadequate to account for the 6300-A excitation, thus confirming that it must arise from another mechanism.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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  • 95
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    Effect of an isotropic nonequilibrium plasma on electron temperature measurements. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The electron temperatures that would be determined (using the conventional single-temperature analysis) by the electrostatic probe, the diffuse resonance, and the radar backscatter techniques in an isotropic two-temperature plasma are presented. Plasma models corresponding to the addition of a minor component of energetic electrons and models corresponding to a process that cools a fraction of the ionospheric electrons are considered. The diffuse resonance temperature is found to lie between the probe and radar backscatter temperatures. The isotropic models corresponding to the addition of energetic electrons cannot support the reported discrepancies between radio wave and probe electron temperature measurements. Temperature differences similar to the observed differences can be produced by models with a fraction of the electrons at a temperature cooler than that of the main component of electrons. These models, however, are difficult to explain in terms of present understanding of the ionospheric plasma.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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  • 96
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    Accuracy and coverage of temperature data derived from the IR radiometer on the NOAA 2 satellite. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 30; July 197
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  • 97
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    Diurnal and annual temperature variations in the 30-60 km region as indicated by statistical analysis of rocketsonde temperature data. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 30; July 197
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  • 98
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    Scale dependence of the 200-mb divergence inferred from EOLE data. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The EOLE experiment with 480 constant-volume balloons distributed over the Southern Hemisphere approximately at the 200-mb level, has provided a unique, highly accurate set of tracer trajectories in the general westerly circulation. The trajectories of neighboring balloons are analyzed to estimate the horizontal divergence from the Lagrangian derivative of the area of one cluster. The variance of the divergence estimates results from two almost comparable effects: the true divergence of the horizontal flow and eddy diffusion due to small-scale, two-dimensional turbulence. Taking this into account, the rms divergence is found to be of the order of 0.00001 per sec and decreases logarithmically with cluster size. This scale dependence is shown to be consistent with the quasi-geostrophic turbulence model of the general circulation in midlatitudes.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 30; July 197
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  • 99
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    A simple method for studying slow crack growth. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A simple, inexpensive method for studying slow crack growth is described. The method entails measurements of load relaxation at constant displacement using a double torsion specimen. It is demonstrated that the data generated using this technique are in excellent agreement with data obtained using the more complex conventional techniques, for a range of materials - steel, titanium, glass, aluminum oxide, PMMA. These encouraging initial results suggest that additional and more detailed studies using this test procedure are merited.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Journal of Testing and Evaluation; 1; July 197
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  • 100
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    Structural optimization by methods of feasible directions. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A general design algorithm based on methods of feasible directions is presented. Zoutendijk's method of feasible directions is first presented as applied to structural design. This method is modified to improve numerical stability of the design process and is then further modified to deal efficiently with infeasible designs. The algorithm requires the analytic gradient of the objective function and the constraint functions which are active at a given stage in the design process. Gradient information is not required for nonactive constraints. Complex constraint functions may be ignored in the initial design stages because violation of these constraints is efficiently overcome later in the design process. The algorithm is demonstrated with elastic design of redundant trusses.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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