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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sugar utilization by yeast during fermentation (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 4 (1989), S. 315-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Sugar uptake ; Yeast ; Brewer's wort
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary When glucose and fructose are fermented separately, the uptake profiles indicate that both sugars are utilized at similar rates. However, when fermentations are conducted in media containing an equal concentration of glucose and fructose, glucose is utilized at approximately twice the rate of fructose. The preferential uptake of glucose also occurred when sucrose, which was first rapidly hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose by the action of the enzyme invertase, was employed as a substrate. Similar results were observed in the fermentation of brewer's wort and wort containing 30% sucrose and 30% glucose as adjuncts. In addition, the high levels of glucose in the wort exerted severe catabolite repression on maltose utilization in theSaccharmyces uvarum (carlsbergensis) brewing strain. Kinetic analysis of glucose and fructose uptake inSaccharomyces cerevisiae revealed aK m of 1.6 mM for glucose and 20 mM for fructose. Thus, the yeast strain has a higher affinity for glucose than fructose. Growth on glucose or fructose had no repressible effect on the uptake of either sugar. In addition, glucose inhibited fructose uptake by 60% and likewise fructose inhibited, glucose uptake by 40%. These results indicate that glucose and fructose share the same membrane transport components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01577355
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotransformation of aromatic aldehydes bySaccharomyces cerevisiae: Investigation of reaction rates (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 4 (1989), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: l-Phenylacetyl carbinol ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Yeast ; Benzaldehyde ; Biotransformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The rate of production ofl-phenylacetyl carbinol bySaccharomyces cerevisiae in reaction mixtures containing benzaldehyde with sucrose or pyruvate as cosubstrate was investigated in short 1 h incubations. The effect of yeast dose rate, sucrose and benzaldehyde concentration and pH on the rate of reaction was determined. Maximum biotransformation rates were obtained with concentrations of benzaldehyde, sucrose and yeast of 6 g, 40 g and 60 g/l, respectively. Negligible biotransformation rates were observed at a concentration of 8 g/l benzaldehyde. The reaction had a pH optimum of 4.0–4.5. Rates of bioconversion of benzaldehyde and selected substituted aromatic aldehydes using both sucrose and sodium pyruvate as cosubstrate were compared. The rate of aromatic alcohol production was much higher when sucrose was used rather than pyruvate.o-Tolualdehyde and 1-chlorobenzaldehyde were poor substrates for aromatic carbinol formation although the latter produced significant aromatic alcohol in sucrose-containing media. Yields of 2.74 and 3.80 g/l phenylacetyl carbinol were produced from sucrose and pyruvate, respectively, in a 1 h reaction period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569693
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manganese accumulation in yeast cells (1989)
    Springer
    BioMetals 2 (1989), S. 6-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Manganese ; Electron spin resonance ; Superoxide dismutase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Manganese accumulation was studied by room-temperature electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy inSaccharomyces cerevisiae grown in the presence of increasing amounts of MnSO4. Mn2+ retention was nearly linear in intact cells for fractions related to both low-molecular-mass and macromolecular complexes (‘free’ and ‘bound’ Mn2+, respectively). A deviation from linearity was observed in cell extracts between the control value and 0.1 mM Mn2+, indicating more efficient accumulation at low Mn2+ concentrations. The difference in slopes between the two straight lines describing Mn2+ retention at concentrations lower and higher than 0.1 mM, respectively, was quite large for the free Mn2+ fraction. Furthermore it was unaffected by subsequent dialyses of the extracts, showing stable retention in the form of low-molecular-mass complexes. In contrast, the slope of the line describing retention of ‘bound’ Mn2+ at concentrations higher than 0.1 mM became less steep after subsequent dialyses of the cell extracts. This result indicates that the macromolecule-bound Mn2+ was essentially associated with particulate structures. In contrast to Cu2+, Mn2+ had no effect on the major enzyme activities involved in oxygen metabolism except for a slight increase of cyanide-resistant Mn-superoxide dismutase activity, due to dialyzable Mn2+ complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01116194
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cu(I)-thionein release from copper-loaded yeast cells (1989)
    Springer
    BioMetals 2 (1989), S. 50-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Cu(I)8-thionein ; Yeast ; Extracellular ; Circular dichroism ; Fluorescence ; Electronic absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The release of intact CU(I)8-thionein from copper-resistant copper-loaded yeast cells, strain X 2180-1Aa, has been shown. This copper(I)-thiolate-rich protein was characterized and compared with the chemical and physicochemical properties of intracellular yeast Cu-thionein. The same molecular mass and stoichiometry of 8 mol copper atoms/mol protein was found. No detectable difference between the Cu-thioneins was seen in luminescence emission, electronic absorption in the ultraviolet region, chiroptical data or amino acid composition. The importance of stable Cu(I)-thiolates in Cu-thionein as a safe vehicle for transporting copper in a non-reactive manner is confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01116202
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of histological methods for demonstrating calcification (1973)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 12 (1973), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcification ; Histochemistry ; Autoradiography ; Fetal ; Mandible
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des rats femelles reçoivent du45Ca ou du32P au 13ème et 18ème jour de la grossesse. Les coupes sériées des têtes de foetus sont étudiées par autoradiographie et par diverses méthodes histologiques pour déterminer la calcification. La détection la plus précoce de45Ca s'observe simultanément comme une réaction positive pour le calcium avec une des méthodes histologiques utilisées.32P est en évidence par les méthodes autoradiographiques un peu plus tard que le45Ca et sa présence coincide avec la réaction positive la plus précoce observée avec les autres méthodes histologiques utilisées. Les os de ces têtes foetales commencent à se calcifier selon un mode particulier commençant par la mandibule, puis l'os frontal et le maxillaire supérieur, suivis par les os nasaux, pariétaux et interpariétaux.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Weibliche Ratten erhielten45Ca und32P zwischen dem 13.–18. Tag der Schwangerschaft. Zur Ermittlung der Verkalkung wurden Serienschnitte der Köpfe ihrer Feten mittels Autoradiographie sowie durch verschiedene histologische Methoden untersucht. Das erste Auftreten von45Ca war ebenfalls von einer positiven Calciumreaktion mittels einer der verwendeten histologischen Methoden begleitet.32P wurde in der Autoradiographie erst etwas später als45Ca festgestellt und dessen Nachweis deckte sich mit den ersten positiven Reaktonen aller anderen verwendeten histologischen Methoden. Die Knochen in diesen Fetusköpfen begannen in einer bestimmten Sequenz zu verkalken: zuerst der Unterkiefer, dann das Stirnbein und der Oberkiefer, dann das Nasenbein, die Parietal- und Interparietalknochen.
    Notes: Abstract Female rats were given45Ca or32P from 13 to 18 days of pegnancy. Serial sections from the heads of their fetuses were studied by autoradiography, as well as by several histological methods for assessing calcification. The earliest detection of45calcium occured at the same time as a positive reaction for calcium with one of the histological methods used.32P was not detectable by autoradiographic methods until somewhat later than45Ca, and its presence coincided with the earliest positive reaction with all of the other histological methods employed. The bones in these fetal heads began to calcify in a partcular sequence, the mandible first, then the frontal bone and maxilla, followed by the nasal, parietal and interparietal bones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02013732
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A direct selection procedure for isolating yeast mutants with an impaired segregation of artificial minichromosomes (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 15 (1989), S. 17-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Minichromosomes ; Impaired segregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nondisjunction of artificial yeast minichromosomes (2:0 segregation events) during mitosis is accompanied by the appearance of cells containing more than one copy of the mini-chromosome. A mathematical simulation of this process has demonstrated that under certain conditions, a nondisjunction of the minichromosomes may result in their accumulation in a considerable portion of the cell population. An increase in the copy number of artificial minichromosomes as a result of impaired segregation has been used to develop a new experimental procedure for directly selecting yeast mutants showing an impaired segregation of artificial minichromosomes during mitosis. Four new genes, AMC1, AMC2, AMC3, and AMC4, which control the segregation of artificial minichromosomes in mitosis, have been identified (AMC-3 and AMC4 are mapped to chromosome IV and VII, respectively). Mutations in the genes AMC1–AMC4 also affect the mitotic transmission of natural chromosomes. We suggest that the genes AMC1, AMC2, AMC3, and AMC4 control the segregation of natural chromosomes in yeast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445747
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two nuclearly inherited loci conferring increased diuron resistance to NADH oxidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 15 (1989), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Diuron ; Respiration ; Nuclear genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, diuron blocks the respiration pathway at the level of the bc1 complex. Nuclear diuron-resistant mutations which confer in vitro resistance to mitochondrial NADH oxidase have been identified. Five mutations were found to be clustered at two distinct nuclear loci, DIU3 and DIU4. The distance between the two loci was estimated to be about 36.7 cM. These loci do not appear to be centromere-linked and did not show a linkage to any of the genes coding for bc1 complex subunits. DIU3 and DIU4 loci might, therefore, code for other components of the respiratory chain.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445749
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A deletion of the PDC1 gene for pyruvate decarboxylase of yeast causes a different phenotype than previously isolated point mutations (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 15 (1989), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Alcoholic fermentation ; Deletion mutant ; Pyruvate decarboxylase ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We deleted most of the pyruvate decarboxylase structural gene PDC1 from the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Surprisingly, mutants carrying this deletion allele showed a completely different phenotype than previously described point mutations. They were able to ferment glucose and their specific pyruvate decarboxylase activity was only reduced to 45% of the wild type level. Northern blot analysis revealed that a sequence in the yeast genome homologous to PDC1 and formerly designated as a possible pseudogene is expressed and may code for a different but closely related pyruvate decarboxylase. The products of the two PDC genes seem to form hybrid oligomers, however both homooligomers have enzyme activity. Thus, the product of the PDC1 gene is not absolutely neccessary for glucose fermentation in yeast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435452
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FLP-FRT mediated intrachromosomal recombination on a tandemly duplicated YEp integrant at the ILV2 locus of chromosome XIII in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 15 (1989), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; 2μm FRT duplication ; Intrachromosomal recombination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A YEp chimaeric plasmid carrying SMR1 and URA3 genetic markers was integrated into chromosome XIII at the ilv2-Δ1 locus in a [cir°] background. The 1.5 kb BglII deletion of ilv2-Δ1 allowed the clear identification of an integrant structure which consisted of a direct tandem duplication (TD) of the chimaeric plasmid. Within the integrant structure, a single copy of the plasmid sequence was flanked by a direct duplication of the 2μm site-specific recombinase (FLP) recognition target (FRT). Isogenic [cir°] and [cir +] diploids formed by crossing the [cir°] TD strain to complementary haploids were analyzed for plasmid marker loss and chromosomal DNA alterations in the presence and absence of selection pressure for the URA3 and SMR1 plasmid borne markers. [cir°] diploids showed no plasmid marker loss and maintained the TD structure. In the absence of selection pressure, the [cir +] diploid underwent FLP-FRT mediated unequal interchromatid recombination, resulting in the breakage-fusion-bridge cycle and homozygotization of chromosome XIII (Rank et al. 1988). Maintenance of selection pressure for the centromere distal plasmid URA3 marker selected against FLP-FRT interchromatid recombinants so that the effects of site specific recombinase on intrachromatid recombination could be evaluated. Intrachromatid recombination at the directly duplicated FRT sites of the TD structure resulted in the loss of a diagnostic internal fragment. These results show that in the presence of FLP, FRT sites separated by up to 13.3 kb of chromosomal DNA function as substrates for intra and interchromatid recombination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435456
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased diuron resistance in the joint expression of mutations located at the DIU2, DIU3 and DIU4 loci of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 15 (1989), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Diuron ; Nuclear, mitochondrial mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, diuron blocks the respiratory pathway at the level of the bc1 complex. Two mitochondrially inherited loci, DIU1 and DIU2, located in the cytochrome b gene, and two nuclearly inherited loci, DIU3 and DIU4, have previously been identified. The present work genetically characterizes two double mutants. One mutant, Diu-217, carries two nuclearly inherited mutations, diu3-217a and diu-217b; the second mutant, Diu-783, carries the previously described nuclear mutation diu3-783 and a mitochondrial mutation diu2-783. Each mutation, independent of its location, exhibits a weak diuron resistance. The joint expression of two or three mutations leads to a cumulative or a cooperative enhanced diuron-resistant phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435458
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mitochondrial frameshift suppressor maps in the tRNASer-var1 region of the mitochondrial genome of the yeast S. cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 15 (1989), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mitochondrial frameshift suppressor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A polypeptide chain-terminating mutation (M5631) previously has been shown to be a +1T insertion in the yeast mitochondrial gene oxi1, coding for subunit II of the cytochrome c oxidase. A spontaneously arisen frameshift suppressor (mfs-1) that is mitochondrially inherited suppresses this mutation to a considerable extent. The suppressor mutation was mapped by genetic and molecular analyses in the mitochondrial tRNASer-var1 region of the mitochondrial genome of the yeast S. cerevisiae. Genetic analyses show that the suppressor mfs-1 does not suppress other known mitochondrial frameshift mutations, or missense and nonsense mutations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447038
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutational analysis of the upstream activation site of yeast ribosomal protein genes (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 15 (1989), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Ribosomal protein gene ; Transcription activation ; Mutation ; Methylation interference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Most ribosomal protein (rp-)genes in yeast are preceded by conserved sequence motifs that act as upstream transcription-activating sites (RPG box). These sequence elements have previously been shown to represent specific binding sites for a protein factor, TUF. Comparison of the various nucleotide elements identified so far indicates a remarkably high degree of variation in the respective sequences. On the other hand, a methylation interference study performed with one RPG box revealed close contact points with the TUF protein along the entire sequence. To investigate the sequence requirements of the RPG box, we inserted synthetic oligonucleotides that differed from the general consensus sequence ACACCCATACATTT at single positions into a deletion mutant of the L25 promoter that lacked its natural RPG elements. Transcription activity was estimated by Northern analyses of the cellular level of L25-galK hybrid transcripts. The results show that in the 3′ part of this sequence element single substitutions are allowed at all positions, in the 5′ part, however, the nucleotide requirements appear to be more stringent. In particular, the invariant C at position 5 of the consensus sequence is absolutely necessary for its enhancer function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447039
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A controversy concerning the structure of the mitochondrial genome of a yeast petite mutant: resolution by sequence analysis (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 15 (1989), S. 291-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; oxi3 gene ; Petite genome ; Frameshift mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Sequence analysis was used to define the repeat unit that constitutes the mitochondrial genome of a petite (rho −) mutant of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This mutant has retained and amplified in tandem a 2,547 by segment encompassing the second exon of the oxi3 gene excised from wild-type mtDNA between two direct repeats of 11 nucleotides. The identity of the mtDNA segment retained in this petite has recently been questioned (van der Veen et al., 1988). The results presented here confirm the identity of this mtDNA segment to be that determined previously by restriction mapping (Carignani et al., 1983).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447045
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A yeast ribosomal DNA-binding protein that binds to the rDNA enhancer and also close to the site of Pol I transcription initiation is not important for enhancer functioning (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 16 (1989), S. 351-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Transcription ; RNA polymerase I ; Enhancer ; DNA-binding protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using the gel retardation assay we have identified a protein that can specifically bind to a site within the enhancer of the 37S pre-ribosomal RNA operon in yeast, as well as to a site 210 by upstream of the site of transcription initiation of this operon. This protein (RBP1) has been partially purified by means of heparin-agarose chromatography and protects 20 by in the rDNA enhancer, and 25 by in the initiation region, against DNase I in an in vitro footprinting assay. In vivo footprinting studies using methylation of intact yeast cells with dimethylsulphate, indicate that the same binding sites are occupied in vivo as well. Deletions that abolish binding of RBP1 to the enhancer in vitro, as well as linker insertions into the RBP1 binding site in the initiation region that strongly diminish in vitro binding of RBP1, have no effect whatsoever on the enhancement of rDNA transcription in vivo. This was studied by deletion/mutation of the RBP1 binding site in vitro in an artificial ribosomal minigene and measuring the effect on the minigene transcription in vivo in yeast cells, transformed with the deleted/mutated minigenes. It can therefore be concluded that binding of RBP1 is not an important parameter in the functioning of the rDNA enhancer in yeast. Using the same minigene system we also show that RBP1 is not involved in termination of RNA polymerase I (PolI) transcription at the main terminator T2.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340714
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  • 15
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    Electronic Resource
    Two new loci that give rise to dominant omnipotent suppressors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 16 (1989), S. 323-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Nonsense suppression ; Omnipotent suppressors ; Gene mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ten dominant omnipotent suppressors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which were previously shown to be different from SUP46, have been examined. Nine are mapped in a region between lys5 and cyh2 on the left arm of chromosome VII. These suppressors, like SUP46, manifest sensitivity to increased temperature and the antibiotics paromomycin and hygromycin B. In addition, they have an identical action spectrum. These results strongly suggest that they are allelic to each other and they are designated SUP138. The tenth is mapped to a position between his1 and arg6 on the right arm of chromosome V. This suppressor, named SUP139, does not manifest temperature sensitivity nor antibiotic sensitivity. SUP139 and SUP138, which are clearly distinguished by means of action spectrum, act on much fewer nonsense mutations than SUP46. It is now clear that dominant omnipotent suppressors arising at a single locus are homogeneous and that their efficiency is locus-dependent. The order of efficiency is SUP46〉SUP138〉SUP139.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340710
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High efficiency transformation of intact yeast cells using single stranded nucleic acids as a carrier (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 16 (1989), S. 339-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Transformation ; ss carrier DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A method, using LiAc to yield competent cells, is described that increased the efficiency of genetic transformation of intact cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to more than 1 × 105 transformants per microgram of vector DNA and to 1.5% transformants per viable cell. The use of single stranded, or heat denaturated double stranded, nucleic acids as carrier resulted in about a 100 fold higher frequency of transformation with plasmids containing the 2μm origin of replication. Single stranded DNA seems to be responsible for the effect since M13 single stranded DNA, as well as RNA, was effective. Boiled carrier DNA did not yield any increased transformation efficiency using spheroplast formation to induce DNA uptake, indicating a difference in the mechanism of transformation with the two methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340712
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  • 17
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    Formation and stability of interstrand cross-links induced by cis- and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) in the DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains differing in repair capacity (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 16 (1989), S. 331-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Platinum compounds ; Yeast ; Repair mutants ; Interstrand cross-links ; DNA degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Four haploid yeast strains differing in proficiency for DNA repair were treated with cis- or transDDP. The wild type was least sensitive while the excision-deficient mutants rad1, rad2 and snm1exhibited higher sensitivities to either platinum compound. In all four strains tested cisDDP showed a two- to five-fold higher cytotoxicity than equimolar concentrations of transDDP. DNA interstrand cross-linking was caused by both agents in all strains. However, transDDP introduced more DNA cross-links at exposure times up to 6 h while cisDDP was the more active cross-linking agent at longer times. There was no clear-cut correlation of the number of DNA interstrand cross-links with survival. Formaldehyde-treated cells showed DNA with lower buoyant density due to proteinase K sensitive DNA-protein cross-linking; this effect was not observed after treatment with either platinum compound. Post-treatment incubation of wild-type cells exposed to cisDDP led to degradation of DNA by single and double-strand breaks, parallel with further increase of DNA interstrand cross-linking. DNA from transDDP-treated cells did not show extensive degradation although interstrand cross-links were lost during liquid holding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340711
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two genes encode 7SL RNAs in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 16 (1989), S. 347-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; 7SL RNA ; Yarrowia lipolytica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have identified an abundant cytoplasmic 7S RNA in crude extracts of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. A cDNA probe was prepared from this RNA and used to screen a genomic library. The DNA sequence of a positive clone was determined and the end positions of the 7S RNA gene established by comparison with the sequence of the extremities of 7S RNA. This gene, designated SCR2, encodes a 270-nucleotide RNA that can be folded into a secondary structure similar to that of 7SL RNAs. This RNA is 94.4% homologous to a previously identified 7S RNA from this yeast, but is encoded by a separate gene with highly divergent flanking sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340713
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  • 19
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    Electronic Resource
    The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD2 gene complements a Schizosaccharomyces pombe repair mutation (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 15 (1989), S. 27-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Repair ; Complementation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; Gene cloning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes necessary for excision repair of UV damage in DNA, RAD1 and RAD2, were introduced individually, on a yeast shuttle vector, into seven Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutants — rads1, 2, 5, 13, 15,16 and 17. The presence of the cloned RAD1 gene did not affect survival of any of the S. pombe mutants. The RAD2 gene increased survival of S. pombe rad13 to near the wild-type level after UV irradiation and had no effect on any of the other mutants tested. S. pombe rad13 mutants are somewhat defective in removal of pyrimidine dimers so complementation by the S. cerevisiae RAD2 gene suggests that the genes may code for equivalent proteins in the two yeasts.
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    Isolation and complete sequence of the yeast isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase gene (ILS1) (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 15 (1989), S. 99-106 
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    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase ; Isoleucine ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase gene (ILS1) from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned and sequenced. This gene was initially cloned because it cross-hybridizated to what is now presumed to be the isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase gene (cupC) from the protozoan Tetrahymena hhermophila. The ILS1 gene was determined to be 1,072 amino acids in length. A comparison with a recently published sequence of ILS1 1 from another laboratory (Englisch et al. 1987) was made and differences noted. Two promoter elements were detected, one for general amino acid control and one for constitutive transcription. A heat shock protein (hsp70) gene (probably SSA3) was found 237 by upstream from the ILS1 translation start site. The ILS1 amino acid sequence was compared to isoleucyl-tRNA synthetases from other organisms, as well as to valyl-, leucyl- and methionyl-tRNA synthetases. Regions of conservation between these enzymes were found.
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    Identification, cloning and characterisation of a new gene required for full pyruvate decarboxylase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 15 (1989), S. 171-175 
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    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: PDC3 ; Pyruvate decarboxylase ; Subunits ; Yeast ; Cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Biochemical evidence that pyruvate decarboxylase in S. cerevisiae might be constituted from two independently encoded subunits led us to question genetic evidence for a single structural gene. The main evidence for this was that three “structural” mutations appeared to be alleles of the same gene, PDC1 (Schmitt and Zimmermann 1982). We report that one of these mutations (pdcl-30) is not allelic either to other pdc1 alleles or to pdc2 mutations and therefore is has been renamed pdc3-30 thus identifying a new gene, PDC3. We have cloned the PDC3 gene, it represents a unique sequence in the genome and targeted integration shows tight linkage to the PDC3 locus. However, the size, abundance and regulation of the PDC3 transcript suggest that it does not encode a second structural gene. Possible functions for the PDC3 gene product are discussed.
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    A novel class of vector for yeast transformation (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 16 (1989), S. 21-25 
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    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Vectors ; Stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have constructed a set of hybrid yeast Escherichia coli vectors which utilise the site specific recombination function of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2 μm plasmid to completely eliminate the bacterial moiety upon introduction into yeast. A number of these plasmids have been shown to exhibit high inheritable stability in both laboratory and industrial strains during non-selective growth. These plasmids are beneficial for the genetic modification of industrial yeast, particularly those used in the production of food and beverages, and are of benefit in the study of plasmid maintenance and heterologous gene expression.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411079
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    Molecular cloning of chromosome I DNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: localization of a repeated sequence containing an acid phosphatase gene near a telomere of chromosome I and chromosome VIII (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 16 (1989), S. 131-137 
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    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Chromosome organization ; Acid phosphatase ; Telomere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A 17 kb region from near the right end of chromosome I of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated on recombinant λ bacteriophages. This region contained the PH011 gene which was located only 3.4 kb from the right end of the chromosome. We found that this region also was repeated approximately 13 kb from the end of the chromosome VIII DNA molecule. The chromosome VIII sequence appears to be a previously unnamed acid phosphatase gene that we propose to call PH012. Thus, similar to the repeated SUC, MAL, X and Y' sequences, some members of the repeated acid phosphatase gene family also appear near the termini of yeast chromosomes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391468
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    Synthesis and function of the mitochondrial intron —encoded bI4 RNA maturase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 16 (1989), S. 241-246 
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    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mitochondria ; Intron splicing ; RNA maturase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have analyzed the expression and function of the intron-encoded bI4 maturase when frame-shift mutations in the upstream exon alter the translational process. By constructing secondary cis-acting mutations within the b14 intron, we observed (1) that the bI4 maturase is still translated in the presence of the upstream mutation, albeit in very low amounts, and (2) that the limited amounts of bI4 maturase made under these conditions is no longer able to promote the splicing process of the aI4 intron. These observations, which further strengthen the maturase model, strongly suggest that bI4 maturase acts sequentially on the bI4 intron and then on the aI4 intron.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422109
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    A yeast Telomere Binding Activity binds to two related telomere sequence motifs and is indistinguishable from RAPT (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 16 (1989), S. 225-239 
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    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Telomere Binding Activity (TBA) ; Yeast ; Telomeric binding sites ; RAP1 gene product
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Telomere Binding Activity (TBA), an abundant protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was identified by its ability to bind to telomeric poly(C1–3A) sequence motifs. The substrate specificity of TBA has been analyzed in order to determine whether the activity binds to a unique structure assumed by the irregularly repeating telomeric sequences or whether the activity recognizes and binds to subset of specific sequences found within the telomere repeat tracts. Deletion analysis and DNase I protection assays demonstrate that TBA binds specifically to two poly(C1–3A) sequences that differ by one nucleotide. The methylation of four guanine residues, located at identical relative positions within these two binding sequences, interferes with TBA binding to the substrates. A synthetic olignucleotide containing a single TBA binding site can function as a TBA binding substrate. The TBA binding site shares homology with the binding sites reported for the Repressor/Activator Protein 1 (RAP1), Translation Upshift Factor (TUF) and General Regulatory Factor (GRFI) transcription factors, and TBA binds directly to RAP1/TUF/GRFI substrate sequences. Yeast TBA preparations and the RAP1 gene product expressed in E. coli cells are both similarly sensitive to in vitro protease digestion. Affinity-purified TBA extracts include a protein indistinguishable from RAP1 in binding specificity, size, and antigenicity. The binding affinity of TBA for the two telomeric poly(C1–3A) binding sites is higher than its affinity for any of the other binding substrates used for its identification. In extracts of yeast spheroplasts prepared by incubation of yeast cells with Zymolyase, an altered, proteolyzed form, of TBA (TBA-S) is present. TBA-S has a faster mobility in gel retardation assays and SDS-PAGE gels, yet it retains the DNA binding properties of standard TBA preparations: it binds to RAP1/TUF/GRFI substrates with the same relative binding affinity and protects poly(C1–3A) tracts from DNase I digestion with a “footprint” identical to that of standard TBA preparations.
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    The UV excision-repair system of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is involved in the removal of methylcytosines formed in vivo by a cloned prokaryotic DNA methyltransferase (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 16 (1989), S. 461-464 
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    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; DNA methylation ; DNA methyltransferase ; rad mutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary DNA methyltransferase activity is not normally found in yeast. To investigate the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the presence of methylated bases, we introduced the Bacillus subtilis SPR phage DNA-[cytosine-5] methyltransferase gene on the shuttle vector, YEp51. The methyltransferase gene was functionally expressed in yeast under the control of the inducible yeast GAL10 promoter. Following induction we observed a time-dependent methylation of yeast DNA in RAD + and rad2 mutant strains; the rad2 mutant is defective in excision-repair of UV-induced DNA damage. Analysis of restriction endonuclease digestion patterns revealed that the relative amount of methylated DNA was greater in the excision defective rad2 mutant than in the RAD + strain. These data indicate that the yeast excision-repair system is capable of recognizing and removing m5C residues.
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    An α-specific gene, SAG1 is required for sexual agglutination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 15 (1989), S. 393-398 
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    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mating ; Sexual agglutination ; a-Specific mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Seven α-specific mutants specifically defective in sexual agglutinability were isolated. The other α mating functions exhibited by these mutants, designated sag mutants, such as the production of α pheromone and response to a mating pheromone, were normal. While the MATα sag1 cells did not agglutinate with wild-type a cells, the MATα sag1 cells did, indicating that the SAG1 gene is expressed only in α cells. The mutations were semi-dominant and fell into a single complementation group, SAG1, which was mapped near met3 on chromosome X. Complementation analysis showed that sag1 and aga1, the latter being a previously reported α-specific mutation, were mutations in the same gene.
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    Meiotic segregation of circular plasmid-minichromosomes from intact chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 15 (1989), S. 385-392 
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    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Meiosis ; Distributive disjunction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Distributive disjunction is defined by first meiotic division segregation of either two nonhomologous chromosomes that lack homologous pairing partners, or of two homologous chromosomes that have failed to undergo crossing-over. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, plasmid minichromosomes, synthetic linear chromosomes and a fragment of a real chromosome have been observed to segregate from nonhomologous DNA species at the first meiotic divisions. Suggesting that this organism may have a distributive mechanism for chromosome segregation. However, it is not known whether intact chromosomes also participate in a distributive process. To determine whether intact, full length, S. cerevisiae chromosomes could segregate from nonhomologous chromosomal species, the meiotic behavior of an unpaired intact copy of chromosome I has been analyzed with respect to several centromere-containing circular plasmid minichromosomes. Strains monosomic or trisomic for chromosome I were transformed with centromere plasmids containing either homologous or nonhomologous inserts, sporulated, and analyzed genetically both for the presence of plasmid and for the number of copies of chromosome 1. Each plasmid segregated from an intact unpaired copy of chromosome I at the first meiotic division in a significant majority (63–93%) of the asci examined. These results suggest that intact chromosomes from S. cerevisiae are capable of distributive disjunction.
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    Base substitutions in the 5′ non-coding regions of two naturally occurring yeast invertase structural SUC genes cause strong differences in specific invertase activities (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 15 (1989), S. 299-301 
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    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Invertase ; Gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Gene SUC4 produced about four fold more invertase activity than did gene SUC5. However, these genes differ in only three positions located in the 5′ non-coding region. The difference in gene expression between SUC4 and SUC5 must be due to the G to A transition (position −497) and/or the C to T transition (position −460) in the upstream activator sequences. The sequence TACAAA present in SUC5 can play the same role than the TATAAA box of SUC4.
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    Structure and development of sieve cells in the secondary phloem of Larix decidua Mill. as related to function (1989)
    Springer
    Trees 3 (1989), S. 192-209 
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    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Autoradiography ; Fine structure ; Larch ; Larix decidua ; Sieve cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Only one or two layers of sieve cells of the previous year's phloem in lateral branches of Larix decidua persist as fully mature cells. Immature sieve cells or cambial derivatives that have not completed differentiation may also over-winter. Periclinal cell divisions of the vascular cambium were first observed by mid-April. During the short period of greatest cambium activity (mid-April to mid-May), the early phloem is laid down. Late phloem is formed over a much longer period, from mid-May to late September. Microautoradiography revealed that only mature sieve cells of the early phloem are involved in translocation of 14C assimilates in June. The fine structure of actively translocating sieve cells is described. The impact of structure on long-distance transport of assimilates is discussed.
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    Effects of nucleotides and divalent cations on phospholipase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 151 (1989), S. 154-158 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Yeast ; Phospholipase B ; Lysophospholipase ; Enzyme inhibition ; AMP ; Unesterified fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Divalent cations activate the lysophospholipase and transacylase reactions catalyzed by the same enzymes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The activation was observed at neutral pH, but not at the pH optimum of lysophospholipase/transacylase, near 3.5. Adenine nucleotides, especially AMP and ADP, are strong inhibitors of the same group of enzymes. Half maximal inhibition by AMP was found at a concentration of about 20 μM. The inhibition by nucleotides in low concentrations is enhanced by divalent cations.
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    Genetic analysis of inducible sexual agglutination ability in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 151 (1989), S. 198-202 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Sexual agglutination ; Mating ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic regulation of the inducibility of sexual agglutination ability in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. Detailed analysis of the degree of sexual agglutination was carried out; it showed that a greater number of genes are involved in the regulation of inducible sexual agglutination in strain H1-0 than previously assumed. Although dominancy of inducible phenotype over constitutive was confirmed, the effectiveness of one gene changing the constitutive phenotype to the inducible seemed to be somewhat low. Quantity per cell of agglutination substances responsible for sexual agglutination increased as the agglutination ability became greater.
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    Effect of aerobiosis on fermentation and key enzyme levels during growth of Pichia stipitis, Candida shehatae and Candida tenuis on d-xylose (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 152 (1989), S. 143-147 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: d-Xylose fermentation ; Aeration level ; Xylose reductase ; Xylitol dehydrogenase ; Yeast ; Candida shehatae ; Candida tenuis ; Pichia stipitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between the degree of aerobiosis, xylitol production and the initial two key enzymes of d-xylose metabolism were investigated in the yeasts Pichia stipitis, Candida shehatae and C. tenuis. Anoxic conditions severely curtailed growth and retarded ethanol productivity. This, together with the inverse relationship between xylitol accumulation and aeration level, suggested a degree of redox imbalance. The ratios of NADH- to NADPH-linked xylose reductase were similar in all three yeasts and essentially independent of the degree of aerobiosis, and thus did not correlate with their differing capacities for ethanol production, xylitol accumulation or growth under the different conditions of aerobiosis. Under anoxic conditions the enzyme activity of Pichia stipitis decreased significantly, which possibly contributed to its weaker anoxic fermentation of xylose compared to C. shehatae.
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    A malic acid dependent mutant of Schizosaccharomyces malidevorans (1989)
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    Archives of microbiology 152 (1989), S. 564-566 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: l-Malate ; Schizosaccharomyces malidevorans ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The yeast Schizosaccharomyces malidevorans utilizes l-malate when grown on glucose as the carbon source. A mutant of this yeast has been isolated which is dependent on the presence of both l-malate and glucose for growth. The mutant utilizes l-malate as rapidly as the wildtype and the utilization of glucose is greatly reduced. Other TCA cycle intermediates do not relieve the malate dependence.
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    Influence of light and darkness on secretory activity of the subcommissural organ and on growth rate of reissner's fibre in Rana esculenta L. (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 83-94 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subcommissural organ ; Reissner's fibre ; Rana esculenta ; Light/Darkness ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of long daily photoperiods and of continuous darkness on the secretory activity of the subcommissural organ (SCO) and on the growth rate of Reissner's fibre (RF) in Rana esculenta was studied in winter. The amount of aldehyde-fuchsin (AF) positive material in the apical cell parts of the SCO is smaller in light-adapted than in darkness-adapted animals. Differences in incorporation rate of 35S-cysteine between the SCO of light-adapted and of darkness-adapted animals, however, are small. The conclusion must be that light/darkness conditions only slightly influence the secretory activity of the SCO cells of Rana esculenta. In agreement with this conclusion is the observation that RF grew only slightly faster in the light-adapted than in the darkness-adapted animals. Under the conditions used RF was completely renewed in about 3 to 4 days. Influences of temperature on the activity of the SCO have been observed.
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    The optic tracts of Rana temporaria and a possible retino-preoptic pathway (1973)
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    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 179-200 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retino-preoptic pathway ; Optic tracts ; Rana temporaria ; Light microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The optic tracts and centres of optic terminals of Rana temporaria have been investigated with silver impregnation techniques after unilaterally cutting the optic nerve and autoradiographically after injection of a mixture of tritiated amino acids into the vitreous body of the left eye. The observations on the course of the optic tracts and on the optic terminals in the thalamus and optic tectum are to a great extent in agreement with those of other authors. The probability of a retino-preoptic pathway is supported by the detection of fibres running in dorsal direction in front of the place where the optic nerve penetrates the brain. In horizontal sections these fibres can be seen deviating from the optic tract, covering a short distance in frontal direction and then turning upward under an angle of about 90 degrees. They disappear between the ventral aldehyde-fuchsin positive cells of the preoptic nucleus. The ventral and median parts of the ipsilateral preoptic nucleus contain fragments of degenerated fibres. Autoradiographic data are also in favour of the presence of an ipsilateral retino-preoptic tract. After carefully counting the number of grains over left and right preoptic nucleus, it appeared that over the ventral and median parts of the left preoptic nucleus more grains occur than over the identical areas of the right one.
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    Influence of light and darkness on the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of blinded and unilaterally blinded frogs (Rana temporaria) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 355-364 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Rana temporaria ; Blinding ; Illumination ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of a long daily photoperiod and continuous darkness on the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of blinded frogs was studied. In the preoptic nucleus no difference could be observed between the two groups of blinded frogs neither in the amount of incorporated 35S-cysteine nor in the amount of aldehydefuchsin positive material nor in the nuclear volume of the secretory cells. These results were compared with those of an experiment with intact frogs kept simultaneously under the same environmental conditions. It appeared that the activity of the dark-treated blinded group was enhanced compared with the activity of the dark-treated intact group while the light-treated blinded frogs showed a decrease in activity compared with the similarly treated intact animals. Likewise the influence of a long daily photoperiod on the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of unilaterally blinded frogs was studied. The activity of the preoptic nucleus was lower on the side where the optic nerve had been cut than on the intact side. In the dorsal part of the preoptic nucleus a difference between the two sides could not be observed. The significance of these results is discussed with regards to a possible connection between retina and preoptic nucleus.
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    Autoradiographische Untersuchungen über die synthetische Aktivität neurosekretorischer Zellen im Gehirn vonPlatynereis dumerilii während der sexuellen Entwicklung und Regeneration (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 487-510 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Annelida ; Sexuality and Development ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Während der sexuellen Entwicklung vonPlatynereis dumerilii steigt die Zahl der Neurone, die Merkmale einer sekretorischen Aktivität aufweisen, parallel zum Wachstum und zur Reifung der Keimzelle an. Die cytologische Differenzierung eines Neurons zur neurosekretorischen Zelle ist mit einer Steigerung der Synthese Cystin-haltigen Materials gegenüber konventionellen Neuronen gekoppelt. Neurosekretorische Zellen treten erstmals in Erscheinung, kurz bevor die Oocyten in die zweite Oogeniephase eintreten, während der die Vitellogenese abläuft. Aufgetragen gegen den Oocytendurchmesser ergibt die Zahl der Neurone, die sekretorisch aktiv werden und3H-Cystin inkorporieren, eine ansteigende Kurve. Die Kurve biegt auf ein Plateau, wenn die Oocyten eine kritische Größe erreichen. Diese Größe markiert jenes Entwicklungsstadium, von dem ab eine Enthirnung eine normale Reifung nicht mehr verhindert. Die Zahl synthetisch tätiger Neurone steight erneut an, wenn die Oocyten die kortikale Struktur des reifen Eies entwickeln. Das Maximum wird kurz vor der Metamorphose erreicht. Während der epitoken Umwandlung sinkt die synthetische Aktivität rasch ab, um im schwärmbereiten Tier gänzlich zum Stillstand zu kommen. In Tieren, die nach der kritischen Phase zur caudalen Regeneration veranlaßt werden, fällt die Zahl markierter neurosekretorischer Zellen auf ein Niveau ab, das für junge, „vorkritische“ Individuen charakteristisch ist. Entsprechend wird in jungen, vorkritischen Tieren, die erst wenige endokrine Neurone besitzen, die Differenzierung weiterer neurosekretorischer Zellen durch eine Regeneration nicht stimuliert. Der zeitliche Verlauf der synthetischen Aktivität im Zuge der Entwicklung und die durch eine Regeneration erzwungenen Veränderungen sind somit reziprok zur Aktivität des Gehirns in Bezug auf die Ausschüttung des Juvenilhormons. Die Hypothese wird zur Diskussion gestellt, die sinkende Produktion des Juvenilhormons werde von der steigenden Produktion eines antagonistischen neuroendokrinen Prinzips begleitet oder verursacht.
    Notes: Summary During sexual development ofPlatynereis dumerilii, the number of neurones exhibiting secretory activity rises in parallel with the growth and maturation of the germ cells. The cytological differentiation of neuroglandular properties is accompanied with an increased uptake of tritiated cystine. The first neurones developing the characteristics of secretory cells and incorporating cystine appear just before the oocytes enter the second growth phase which corresponds with vitellogenesis. When plotted against the oocyte diameter the number of labelled neurosecretory cells yields an ascending line, which becomes a plateau once the oocytes approach a critical size. This critical size defines the developmental stage beyond which decerebration does not prevent normal maturation. The neuronal synthetic activity rises again when the oocytes differentiate the cortical structure of ripe eggs. The curve displays its maximum slope at the onset of metamorphosis. During the epitokous transformation the synthetic activity decreases rapidly and is almost totally depressed when swarming is imminent. In animals induced to regenerate their posterior segments after they have passed the critical stage, the number of labelled neurosecretory cells becomes reduced to the precritical level. According to this, regeneration in young precritical animals containing only few endocrine neurones does not stimulate the development of further secretory neurones. Thus, the time course during maturation and the changes caused by regeneration are reciprocal to the activity of the brain with respect to the release of juvenile hormone. The question is thus raised as to whether the declining titer of juvenile hormone may be accompanied or caused by an increased production of an antagonistic principle related to maturation.
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    Thymic nurse cells: division of thymocytes within complexes (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 637-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymic nurse cells ; Thymic cell complexes ; Thymocytes ; Autoradiography ; Mouse (BDF1)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thymic nurse cell complexes (TNC-c), isolated from mouse thymuses at 1 and 2 h after i.v. injection of 6-(3H)thymidine, were analyzed in autoradiographs of semithin serial sections with regard to their size and the distribution of labeled thymocytes in individual types of complexes. The total number of thymocytes per complex reflects the type of complex. In a parallel study, localization of labeled thymocytes within individual zones of thymic cortex was examined. Thymocyte division within complexes may yield sequential complex generations differing in number per complex. However, thymocytes within complexes differ from each other in division kinetics. Half of the thymocytes that had been labeled 1 h after injection divided within 2 h. The rapidly dividing fraction of thymocytes were distributed within small complexes containing 2–8 cells and corresponded to the distribution of labeled cells in the outer thymic cortex. The proportion of labeled cells within large complexes resembled the distribution of labeled cells in the deep cortex. The data support the view that microenvironmental factors within TNC-c are responsible for both inducing thymocytes to enter the cell cycle and the negative selection (cell death) of some thymocytes.
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    Influence of light and darkness on the hypothalamo-hypophysial system ofRana esculenta and the involvement of the pineal complex (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 491-500 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Pineal complex ; Rana esculenta ; Light/darkness ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary InRana esculenta the activity of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system has been investigated in intact and blinded animals, after removal of the frontal organ and after elimination of the whole pineal complex. The results on intact and blinded animals are practically the same as those found earlier inRana temporaria. Light increases the activity of the preoptic nucleus, blinding changes the difference between light- and darkness-treated intact animals. Compared with the intact animals the other two groups (without frontal organ and without pineal complex) show a marked increase in incorporation of35S-cysteine in the preoptic nucleus. A difference between the animals without frontal organ and those without pineal complex, however, can hardly be observed. It follows that the absence of the frontal organ has the same influence on the preoptic nucleus as elimination of the whole pineal complex. In intact animals the influence of the frontal organ on the preoptic nucleus consists of an inhibition of neurosecretory activity as well under light as under darkness conditions. The enhanced synthesis of labelled material in the preoptic nucleus after removal of the frontal organ, results in a transport along the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract mainly to the outer zone of the median eminence and not to the posterior lobe.
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    Post-injury DNA synthesis, mitosis and ultrastructural reorganization of adult frog cardiac myocytes (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 431-450 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cardiac muscle ; Frog ; Regeneration ; Electron microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary From the 5th day up to the end of 3rd week following local crushing of the frog ventricle myocardium, ca. 13% of myocyte nuclei, in the vicinity of the damaged zone, were labelled after a single 3H-thymidine (3HTdr) injection, and 30–50% of these were labelled after repeated 3HTdr administration. The number of myocyte mitoses was maximal (ca. 1.3%) at the beginning of the 3rd week. The reactive proliferation of myocytes was accompanied by their “partial dedifferentiation”. This involved the nuclear euchromatic rearrangement, increase in size of nuclei and nucleoli, accumulation of the sarcoplasm rich in free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum, hyperplasia of the Golgi apparatus, and the appearance of 80–100 Å in diameter cytofilaments. Electron microscope autoradiography has shown that all these changes may be more or less pronounced in myocytes incorporating 3HTdr. The myofibril ultrastructure was found to be unchanged during S phase. However, in the mitotically dividing myocytes, the majority of Z-disks were disintegrated resulting in progressive release of myofilament bundles. Both 3HTdr labelled and mitotic myocytes were anchored to the adjacent ones by desmosomes and intercalated disks. No free myoblasts were observed.
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    Localisation autoradiographique des ions Cl− et Na+ dans les cellules à chlorure de la branchie d'anguille (Anguilla anguilla L.) adaptée à l'eau de mer (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 575-578 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chloride cells ; Eel ; Gills ; Ionic transport ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons montré par une technique autoradiographique que les ions Cl− et Na+ sont concentrés dans les cellules à chlorure de la branchie d'anguille adaptée à l'eau de mer. La signification de cette accumulation ionique plus marquée vers le pôle apical de ces cellules a été discutée par rapport à l'excrétion branchiale de ces ions en eau de mer.
    Notes: Summary With an autoradiographic technique Cl− and Na+ ions have been shown to be localized in the chloride cells of sea water eel gills. The significance of this accumulation, more marked towards the apical pole of these cells, is discussed with regard to branchial excretion of these ions in sea water.
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    Das zeitliche und räumliche Muster der Dottereinlagerung in die Oocyte von Apis mellifica (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 409-430 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oocyte ; Honeybee ; Vitellogenesis ; Yolk pattern ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Oogenese der Bienenkönigin (Apis mellifica) kann in 6 Stadien eingeteilt werden. Proteinsynthese und Dottereinlagerung in der Oocyte werden autoradiographisch und mittels Trypanblau-Vitalfärbung untersucht. Euplasmatische Proteinsynthesen finden in allen Eifollikeln bis zum frühen Stadium 5 statt. Vitellogenese-aktiv sind nur die Oogenese-Stadien 3 und 4. Die pinocytäre Einschleusung dotterpflichtiger Haemolymphproteine ins Ooplasma nimmt etwa 20 min in Anspruch. 10 min später sind kleinste neugebildete Dotterkugeln in der äußersten Oocytenperipherie zu erkennen. Aus ihnen werden binnen 1 $${\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$}}$$ —2 h große Dotterschollen von ca. 20 μm φ. Die Vitellogenese-Phase eines einzelnen Follikels dauert insgesamt 3 Tage. Dotterschollen werden nur im Bereich des freien Follikelepithels gebildet. Sie wandern einzeln ins zentrale Ooplasma ein, wo unterschiedlich alte Schollen durchmischt abgelagert werden. Dotterfrei bleibt ein Euplasmahof, der den Vorderpol des Eies markiert. Im Ooplasma und in den Nährzellen erfolgt sicher keine Synthese von Dottermaterial. Ein Beitrag der Follikelepithelzellen zur Dotterbildung kann nicht vollständig ausgeschlossen werden. Das zeitliche und räumliche Muster der Dottereinlagerung wird diskutiert unter Berücksichtigung der Determination der Oocyten-Achsen und der Präformation von ooplasmatischen Kontrollzentren für die frühe Embryogenese.
    Notes: Summary Oogenesis in the honeybee queen (Apis mellifica) can be divided into 6 developmental stages. By autoradiography and vital staining with trypan blue protein synthesis and yolk incorporation into the oocyte were studied. Euplasmic protein synthesis occurs in all egg follicles up to the early stage 5. Only the stages 3 and 4 are active in vitellogenesis. The resorption of vitellogenic haemolymph proteins by pinocytosis needs about 20 min. 10 min later very small newly formed yolk globules can be recognized in the outermost periphery of the oocyte. After 1 $${\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$}}$$ —2 hrs large yolk platelets of ca. 20 μm in diameter arise from them. The whole vitellogenesis of a single follicle lasts 3 days. Yolk globules are formed only in the area of the free follicle epithelium. They migrate separately into the central ooplasm where yolk platelets of different age are deposited in a mixed pattern. An euplasmic halo remains free of yolk thus marking the anterior pole of the egg. It is shown that no yolk material is synthesized in the ooplasm and in the trophocytes. A contribution of the follicle epithelium to yolk formation can not totally be excluded. The temporal and spatial pattern of yolk deposition is discussed. The determination of the oocyte axis and the preformed ooplasmic reaction centers for early embryogenesis are considered.
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    Autoradiographische Untersuchungen zum Einbau von N-Acetyl-3H-Mannosamin im optischen System von Teleosteern (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 93-101 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Optic system (Teleosts) ; Gangliosides and Sialo-glycoproteins ; Site of synthesis ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einbau von intracranial sowie intraocular-appliziertem N-acetyl-3H-Mannosamin (N-Ac-3H-Man) in das optische System (Tectum opticum bzw. Tractus opticus) von Scardinius erythrophthalmus und Carassius carassius (cyprinidae, Telosteer) wurde autoradiographisch untersucht und mit dem Einbau von 3H-Histidin verglichen. 1. Intracranial appliziertes N-Ac-3H-Man wird im Tectum opticum in Glykoproteine und Ganglioside im Verhältnis von 2:1 eingebaut. 2. Die Synthese von Gangliosiden und Sialo-Glycoproteinen erfolgt im Nervengewebe im Gegensatz zu der von Proteinen ubiquitär, d. h. sowohl in den Perikaryen als auch in den Fasern. 3. Nach einseitiger intraocularer Applikation von N-Ac-3H-Man werden bereits nach 24 stündiger Inkorporationszeit ausschließlich die mit dem injizierten Auge zusammenhängenden Sehschichten (Stratum opticum) des kontralateralen Tectum opticum radioaktiv markiert. Im Zusammenhang mit ergänzenden biochemischen Analysen ergibt sich, daß die Radioaktivität niedermolekularer Aminozucker mit dem schnellen axonalen Transport (〉40 mm/d) zum Zwecke einer peripheren Gangliosid-Synthese im Tractus opticus proximo-distal verlagert wird.
    Notes: Summary The incorporation of intra-cranially and intra-ocularly injected (N-Ac-3H-Man) and 3H-histidine into the optic systems (optic tectum and optic tract) of Scardinius erythrophthalmus and Carassius carassius was investigated by means of autoradiography. 1. N-Ac-3H-Man injected intra-cranially, is incorporated into gangliosides and glycorproteins in a ratio of 1:2 in the optic tectum. 2. In nervous tissue gangliosides and sialo-glycoproteins are labeled ubiquitously, i.e. in the perikarya as well as in the fibers. 3. Following an intra-ocular injection of N-Ac-3H-Man and after an incorporation period of 24 hrs, only the optic layers in the contralateral optic tectum are labelled (gangliosides). Together with corresponding biochemical data, this shows, that in the optic tract radioactivity of low molecular amino sugars is transported proximo-distally by means of rapid axonal flow (〉40 mm/d), before the incorporation into high molecular compounds.
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    Localization of tritiated prostaglandin E1 in rat adrenal cortices (1973)
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    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 309-317 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Prostaglandin E1 ; Autoradiography ; Electron microscopy ; Lipid analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine whether or not prostaglandins enter adrenocortical parenchymal cells,3H-PGE1 was injected intravenously into rats. In histological preparations, grains denoting activity were noted in intracellular lipid droplets and nuclei and in sinusoids. At the fine structural level, activity was observed in lipid droplets, mitochondria, the agranular endoplasmic reticulum, nuclei and the plasma membrane. Biochemical lipid analyses of the adrenals revealed activity in the cholesterol and cholesterol ester fractions. Large amounts of unaltered3H-PGE1 and its degradation products were also present. Compared to the liver, the adrenal was more effective in degrading prostaglandin, when expressed on a weight basis. The possible roles of the organelles in PGE1 degradation and in prostaglandin-related hormone synthesis are discussed.
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    Atrial natriuretic peptide binding sites in the mammalian heart: Localization to endomural vessels (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 233-239 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Receptors ; Autoradiography ; Heart ; Endocardium ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley) ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of binding sites for atrial natriuretic peptide in cardiac ventricles of several mammalian species, including rat and human, was determined by in vitro autoradiography. The results revealed a unique anatomic localization of atrial natriuretic peptide binding sites to endomural vessels (Thebesian vessels), which communicate directly with the ventricular chambers. Digital image analysis indicated that these vascular channels possessed binding site densities comparable to those of the renal glomeruli a major target site for circulating atrial natriuretic peptide. In contrast, no specific labeling of branches of the coronary arteries and veins was detected. The discrete localization of atrial natriuretic peptide binding sites to this “primitive” cardiac circulatory system allows speculation as to the role of this hormone in the regulation of endocardialcirculation during cardiac development, normal ventricular function, and in coronary insufficiency.
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    Effect of azadirachtin A on neuroendocrine activity in Locusta migratoria (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 513-517 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Autoradiography ; Azadirachtin A ; Corpus cardiacum ; Neurosecretion ; Locusta migratoria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neurosecretory activity of azadirachtin A-treated Locusta migratoria that failed to mature was compared with that of rapidly maturing control females by means of histological techniques. High resolution drymount autoradiography was used to localize [22,23-3H2]dihydroazadirachtin A in the brain and corpus cardiacum (CC). The neurosecretory system of the locusts treated with this insecticide was accompanied by an unusually high accumulation of paraldehyde fuchsin (PAF)-stainable neurosecretory material (NSM) in the brain fibers and in the storage lobes of the CC. The control females never had such an intense accumulation of NSM. The accumulation of NSM, resulting from its poor release, may influence its synthesis which is controlled by feed-back regulation. [22,23-3H2]Dihydroazadirachtin A is localized mainly at the peripheral blood-brain barrier and does not penetrate into the brain effectively, whereas it completely covers the CC. It is concluded that azadirachtin A affects the endocrine activity of the brain in an indirect way.
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    A comparison of muscle precursor replication in crush-injured skeletal muscle of Swiss and BALBc mice (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 385-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myogenesis ; Muscle regeneration ; Genetics ; Autoradiography ; Tritiated thymidine ; Mouse (Swiss;BALBc)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle precursor replication in Swiss mice, in which muscle regeneration is exceptionally vigorous, was compared with previous data for regeneration in BALBc mice. The tibialis anterior muscles of 23 male and 15 female inbred Swiss SJL/J mice were crush injured, and tritiated thymidine injected into mice at various times after injury to label replicating muscle precursors. Lesion samples were taken 10 days after injury, processed for autoradiography, and grain counts of myotube nuclei analysed. Muscle regeneration was more vigorous in male compared with female Swiss mice, and in both was strikingly greater than that in BALBc mice in which there was extensive fibrous connective tissue throughout the lesions. Autoradiographic analysis showed that muscle precursor replication started at 24 hours in Swiss mice, 6 hours earlier than the onset at 30 hours in BALBc mice. Muscle precursor replication appeared to be more active 96 hours after injury in female Swiss compared with male BALBc and male Swiss mice respectively, although numbers of precursor cells replicating at other times were similar. It is not known whether the slight difference in onset of muscle precursor replication can alone account for the more complete muscle regeneration seen in Swiss mice. Similar studies were carried out in 11 male and 10 female F1 hybrid (SJL/J x BALBc) mice. Analysis of labelled myotube nuclei showed that muscle precursors did not synthesise DNA prior to 30 hours after injury, and regeneration resembled that of the parental BALBc strain.
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    Atrial myoendocrine cells (cardiodilatin/atrial natriuretic polypeptide-containing myocardiocytes) are target cells for estradiol (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 673-674 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endocrine heart ; Estradiol ; Autoradiography ; Immunocytochemistry ; Co-localization ; CDD/ANP gene regulation ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Atrial myoendocrine cells of rat were investigated regarding estradiol uptake. It was found that, in addition to their specific endocrine function of producing cardiac polypeptides of the cardiodilatin/atrial natriuretic peptide (CDD/ANP) family, these cells also specifically accumulate radiolabeled estradiol. This co-localization supports the view that steroid hormones play an important role in the regulation of the CDD/ANP gene.
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    Sustained cell proliferation in denervated skeletal muscle of mice (1989)
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    Cell & tissue research 257 (1989), S. 455-457 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Denervation ; Cell proliferation ; Tritiated thymidine ; Autoradiography ; vMouse (BALBc)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cellular proliferation in skeletal muscle was measured throughout the first 4 weeks after denervation. Twenty four mice had one leg denervated, and 4 groups of 6 of these mice were injected with tritiated thymidine once daily for 7 days, either during the first, second, third or fourth week after denervation. Autoradiographic labelling of muscle and connective tissue nuclei in denervated muscles was compared with innervated muscles from the opposite innervated legs of the same mice. Labelling of connective tissue and muscle (myonuclear and satellite cell) nuclei was significantly higher in denervated muscles, compared with innervated muscles on the unoperated side. There were no significant differences among labelling of nuclei in muscles denervated for 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks. However, connective tissue labelling after 1 week of denervation was significantly higher than at later times. This study shows that nuclei of muscle and connective tissue cells proliferate and turnover at high levels for at least one month after denervation.
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    Mode of expression of the positive regulatory genes PHO2 and PHO4 of the phosphatase regulon in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 217 (1989), S. 31-39 
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    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Autoregulation ; LacZ fusion protein ; Northern hybridization ; Regulatory circuit ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mode of expression was investigated for two positive regulatory genes PHO2 and PHO4, whose products are indispensable for the transcriptional control of the structural genes of repressible acid phosphatase and the inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Northern analysis of poly(A)+ RNA of the wild-type and the pho regulatory mutants with PHO4 DNA as hybridization probe and expressional analysis of a pho4′-'lacZ fused gene on a YEp plasmid revealed that PHO4 is expressed at a low level, constitutively, and independently of the PHO regulatory system and Pi in the medium. Similar analyses with PHO2 DNA indicated that PHO2 is expressed at an even lower level than PHO4, and is repressed by Pi and by the active PHO2 product, possibly at the translational level, while retaining a substantial level of basal activity.
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    A functional analysis of the repeated methionine initiator tRNA genes (IMT) in yeast (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 216 (1989), S. 276-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Methionine ; Initiator tRNA ; tRNA(met) ; Yeast ; Multigene family
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Standard laboratory yeast strains have from four to five genes encoding the methionine initiator tRNA (IMT). Strain S288C has four IMT genes with identical coding sequences that are colinear with the RNA sequence of tRNA I Met . Each of the four IMT genes from strain S288C is located on a different chromosome. A fifth IMT gene with the same coding sequence is present in strain A364A but not in S288C. By making combinations of null alleles in strain S288C, we show that each of the four IMT genes is functional and that tRNA I Met is not limiting in yeast strains with three or more intact genes. Strains containing a single IMT2, 3 or 4 gene grow only after amplification of the remaining IMT gene. Strains with only the IMT1 gene intact are viable but grow extremely slowly; normal growth is restored by the addition of another IMT gene by transformation, providing a direct test for IMT function.
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    Novel class of nuclear genes involved in both mRNA splicing and protein synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 215 (1989), S. 517-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Yeast ; Nuclear genes ; Mitochondrial translation ; Mitochondrial splicing ; Suppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have cloned three distinct nuclear genes, NAM1, NAM7, and NAM8, which alleviate mitochondrial intron mutations of the cytochrome b and COXI (subunit I of cytochrome oxidase) genes when present on multicopy plasmids. These nuclear genes show no sequence homology to each other and are localized on different chromosomes: NAM1 on chromosome IV, NAM7 on chromosome XIII and NAM8 on chromosome VIII. Sequence analysis of the NAM1 gene shows that it encodes a protein of 440 amino acids with a typical presequence that would target the protein to the mitochondrial matrix. Inactivation of the NAM1 gene by gene transplacement leads to a dramatic reduction of the overall synthesis of mitochondrial protein, and a complete absence of the COXI protein which is the result of a specific block in COXI pre-mRNA splicing. The possible mechanisms by which the NAM1 gene product may function are discussed.
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    The paromomycin resistance mutation (par r-454) in the 15 S rRNA gene of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae is involved in ribosomal frameshifting (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 217 (1989), S. 362-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mitochondrial 15 S rRNA ; Ribosomal frameshifting ; Paromomycin resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The leaky expression of the yeast mitochondrial geneoxi1, containing a frameshift mutation (+1), is caused by natural frameshift suppression, as shown previously (Fox and Weiss-Brummer 1980). A drastic decrease in the natural level of frameshifting is found in the presence of thepar r-454 mutation, localized at the 3′ end of the 15 S rRNA gene. This mutation causes resistance to the antibiotic paronomycin in the yeast strains D273-10B and KL14-4A (Li et al. 1982; Tabak et al. 1982). The results of this study imply that in the yeast strain 777-3A this mutation alone is sufficient for restriction of the level of natural frameshifting but is insufficient to confer resistance to paromomycin. A second mutation, arising spontaneously with a frequency of 10−4 leads, in combination with thepar r-454 mutation, to full paromomycin resistance in strain 777-3A.
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    Isolation of the RAD18 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and construction of rad18 deletion mutants (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 215 (1989), S. 425-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Yeast ; DNA repair ; RAD18 ; Chromosomal deletions ; Mutagenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The RAD18 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is involved in mutagenic DNA repair. We describe its isolation from a yeast library introduced into the centromeric YCp50 vector, a low copy number plasmid. The insert was sublconed into YCp50 and into the multicopy YRp7 plasmid. RAD18 is not toxic when present in multiple copies but the UV survival response indicates an heterogeneity in the cell population, a fraction of it being more sensitive. A DNA segment, close to RAD18, is toxic on the multicopy plasmid and may correspond to the tRAN sup61 known to be tightly linked to RAD18. Chromosomal deletions of RAD18 were constructed. The gene is not essential and the deleted strains have the properties of single site mutants. Thus, RAD18 appears to be essentially involved in DNA repair metabolism.
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    Molecular characterization of a specific p-nitrophenylphosphatase gene, PHO13, and its mapping by chromosome fragmentation in Saccbaromyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 220 (1989), S. 133-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Chromosome fragmentation ; Mapping ; PHO13 sequence ; Phosphatase ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The structural gene, PHO13, for the specific p-nitrophenyl phosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. The deduced PHO13 protein consists of 312 amino acids and its molecular weight is 34635. The disruption of the PHO13 gene produced no effect on cell growth, sporulation, or viability of ascospores. The PHO13 locus was mapped at 1.9 centimorgans from the HO locus on the left arm of chromosome IV. By chromosome fragmentation, the PHO13 locus was found to be located about 72 kb from the left-hand telomere of chromosome IV and distal to the HO locus.
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    Chromatin digestion with restriction endonucleases reveals 150–160 bp of protected DNA in the centromere of chromosome XIV in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 219 (1989), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Centromere ; Chromatin ; Hypersensitive sites ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Isolated nuclei of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were incubated with five restriction nucleases. Out of the twenty-one recognition sequences for these nucleases in the centromere region of chromosome XIV, only five are accessible to cleavage. These sites map 11 by and 74 by to the left and 27 bp, 41 by and 290 by to the right, respectively, of the boundaries of the 118 by functional CEN14 DNA sequence. The distance between the sites accessible to cleavage and closest to CEN14 is 156 bp, suggesting this is the maximal size of DNA protected in CEN14 chromatin. The DNA in CEN14 chromatin protected against cleavage with DNase I and micrococcal nuclease overlaps almost completely with this region. Hypersensitive regions flanking both sides are approximately 60 by long. Analyses of other S. cerevisiae centromeres with footprinting techniques in intact cells or nucleolytic cleavages in isolated nuclei are discussed in relation to our results. We conclude that structural data of chromatin obtained with restriction nucleases are reliable and that the structure of CEN14 chromatin is representative for S. cerevisiae centromeres.
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    Function of the PHO regulatory genes for repressible acid phosphatase synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 217 (1989), S. 40-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Gene dosage ; Gene expression ; Regulatory circuit ; Signal transmission ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Expression of the repressible acid phosphatase (rAPase) gene, PHO5, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is repressed by a certain level of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the medium and is derepressed when the Pi concentration is lowered. The Pi signals are conveyed to PHO5 by a regulatory system consisting of proteins coded for by the PHO2, PHO4, PHO80 and PHO81 genes. We have found that the transcription of PHO81 is regulated by Pi through the PHO regulatory system. Increasing the dosage of PHO4 and PHO81 by ligating each gene to YEP13 gives rise to, respectively, considerable and weak synthesis of rAPase by cultivation of the transformants in high-Pi medium; but in low-Pi medium, increased dosage of PHO4 stimulates the rAPase synthesis significantly, whereas PHO81 has no effect. Increased dosage of PHO2 stimulates rAPase synthesis considerably in low-Pi but not in high-Pi. A coordinate increase of PHO80 cancels the dosage effect of PHO4, but not that of PHO81. Coordinate increases of PHO80 and PHO2 give rise to the same phenotype as an increased dosage of PHO80 alone. The level of the PHO4 protein was found to be the limiting factor of the rAPase synthesis and the copy number of the PHO5 gene not to be. These facts accord with the idea that the PHO80 protein transmits the Pi signals to the PHO5 gene via the PHO4 protein, whereas the PHO2 protein does not have a direct function in the signal transmission.
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    α-Factor leader sequence-directed transport of Escherichia coli β-galactosidase in the secretory pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 218 (1989), S. 240-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Yeast ; MFα1 leader ; Gene fusion ; Secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The constuction of two fused genes is described. One involves the in-frame fusion of the yeast prepro-α-factor coding sequence, and the Escherichia coli lac Z gene. The second gene fusion utilizes a 103 bp yeast invertase NH2-terminal coding sequence at the fusion junction of the hybrid gene described above. The gene fusions, under the control of the α-factor promoter, expressed active β-galactosidase in α haploid yeast cells. The activity could be regulated in a temperature-sensitive sir3 mutant. The incorporation of the invertase coding sequence at the MFα1-lacZ fusion junction provided significantly higher levels of β-galactosidase activity. A substantial quantity of the hybrid proteins generated from the gene fusions was primarily localized in the intracellular membranes of yeast cells, while a processed form could be secreted into the periplasm.
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    Pores from mitochondrial outer membranes of yeast and a porin-deficient yeast mutant: A comparison (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 21 (1989), S. 439-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: Yeast ; yeast mutant ; mitochondrial porin ; mitochondrial outer membrane ; lipid bilayer ; ion-channel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Reconstitution experiments were performed on lipid bilayer membranes in the presence of purified mitochondrial porin from yeast and of detergent-solubilized mitochondrial outer membranes of a porin-free yeast mutant. The addition of the porin resulted in a strong increase of the membrane conductance, which was caused by the formation of ion-permeable channels in the membranes. Yeast porin has a single-channel conductance of 4.2 nS in 1 M KCl. In the open state it behaves as a general diffusion pore with an effective diameter of 1.7 nm and possesses properties similar to other mitochondrial porins. Surprisingly, the membrane conductance also increased in the presence of detergent extracts of the mitochondrial outer membrane of the mutant. Single-channel recordings of lipid bilayer membranes in the presence of small concentration of the mutant membranes suggested that this membrane also contained a pore. The reconstituted pores had a single-channel conductance of 2.0 nS in 1 M KCl and the characteristics of general diffusion pores with an estimated effective diameter of 1.2 nm. This means that the pores present in the mitochondrial outer membranes of the yeast mutant have a much smaller effective diameter than “normal” mitochondrial porins. Zero-current membrane potential measurements suggested that the second mitochondrial porin is slightly cation-selective, while yeast porin is slightly anion-selective in the open state but highly cation-selective in the closed state. The possible role of these pores in the metabolism of mitochondria is discussed.
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    Verbesserte Methode zur Bestimmung von CO-Spuren in Wasserstoff (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 263 (1973), S. 331-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kohlenmonoxid in Wasserstoff ; Spektralphotometrie ; Ag-Na-Sulfamidbenzoat als Reagens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426126
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    Spectrophotometric determination of tin in zircaloy with phenylfluorone (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 263 (1973), S. 334-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Zinn in Zircaloy ; Spektralphotometrie ; Phenylfluoron als Reagens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426128
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    Über Dithizonate von Organo-Gallium-Verbindungen (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 264 (1973), S. 131-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Gallium-Organoverbindungen ; Spektralphotometrie ; Extraktion der Dithizonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktionsfähigkeit von Organo-Gallium-Verbindungen mit Dithizon wurde festgestellt. Die Dithizonate der alky- loder arylgruppentragenden Pseudoionen RGa2+ und R2Ga+ sind mit violettstichig roter Farbe in Tetra oder Chloroform extrahierbar. Über die Bildung der diesbezüglichen Dithizonate sowie deren charakteristische Eigenschaften werden nähere Angaben gemacht. Die analytische Bestimmung des R2Ga+ ist nach dem photometrischen Mischfarbenverfahren möglich.
    Notes: Abstract The reactivity of organo-gallium compounds has been established. The dithizonates of the pseudoions RGa2+ and R2Ga+ are in connection with alkyl or aryl groups extractable with red colour with a tinge of violet into carbon tetrachloride or chloroform. Detailed information on the formation of these dithizonates and their characteristic properties is given. The analytical determination of R2Ga+ is possible with the mixed-colour method.
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    Some studies of the colorimetric determination of tin in steel: The effect of dispersing agents (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 264 (1973), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Zinn in Stahl ; Spektralphotometrie ; Brenzcatechinviolett, Phenylfluoron ; Dispergierungsmittel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A survey of existing procedures for the colorimetric determination of tin in steel is given. Recommendations are made with regard to separating tin, masking interfering metals and selecting a colorimetric finish. The effect of dispersing agents on reagents of the type used for determining tin, and on the complexes formed in these determinations, is discussed, including new work on the effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on the phenylfluorone-tin(IV) system.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein Überblick über colorimetrische Zinnbestimmungsmethoden in Stahl wird gegeben und Vorschläge zur Abtrennung des Zinns, der Maskierung störender Metalle sowie der Auswahl des colorimetrischen Meßverfahrens gemacht. Der Einfluß von Dispergierungsmitteln auf die Eeagentien und gebildeten Komplexe wird diskutiert, wobei über neue Untersuchungen zum Einfluß von Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromid auf das System Phenylfluoron/Zinn(IV) berichtet wird.
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    Beitrag zur Bestimmung von Phenylquecksilberborat in Augentropfen mittels flammenloser Atom-Absorptionsspektrometrie (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 264 (1973), S. 412-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Phenylquecksilberborat in Augentropfen, Pharmazeut. Produkten ; Spektralphotometrie ; Atomabsorption ; flammenlos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423647
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    Photometrische Bestimmung von Antimon in Eisen und Stahl (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 265 (1973), S. 29-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Antimon in Eisen und Stahl ; Spektralphotometrie ; Methylfluoron als Reagens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Bestimmung von 2,5–100 ppm Sb in Eisen, unlegierten und niedrig legierten Stählen sowie in Automatenstählen wird das Antimon zuerst in 2 Stufen vorisoliert mit Hilfe der Spurenfällung mit Mangan(IV)-oxidhydrat als Spurenfänger und anschließender Jodidextraktion. Nach der Rückextraktion erfolgt die photometrische Bestimmung mit Methylfluoron in der wäßrigen Phase. Der relative Fehler beträgt ±5%, der Zeitbedarf für eine Einzelbestimmung 1,5 h.
    Notes: Abstract For the determination of 2.5–100 ppm Sb in iron, plain carbon steels, low-alloy and free-cutting steels antimony is at first separated in two steps. It is coprecipitated with manganese(IV)oxide hydrate as collector, the precipitate dissolved and antimony extracted as iodide with benzene. After back extraction antimony is determined photometrically in the aqueous phase with methylfluorone. The relative error is ± 5%. One determination requires 1.5 h.
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    Sensibilisierung eines Zweizellenphotocolorimeters zur Verbesserung der Spurenanalyse (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 265 (1973), S. 104-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Spektralphotometrie ; Spurenanalyse ; Sensibilisierung eines Zweizellen-Photocolorimeters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine spektralphotometrische Methode wird beschrieben, die es ermöglicht, Elemente in kleinen Konzentrationen zu bestimmen. Dies wird im Prinzip durch den Anschluß eines hochempfindlichen Galvanometers an ein Zweizellenphotocolorimeter ermöglicht. Der so erreichte Gewinn an Empfindlichkeit wird einesteils durch die Anwendung von zwei Interferenzfiltern dazu genutzt, die Selektivität des Systems zu erhöhen, anderenteils kann mit dem Ersatz der Lichtschutzklappe durch Küvetten mit sog. Limitlösungen (Lösungen bekannter, entsprechender Konzentration) das System auf den optimalen Meßbereich ausgewogen werden. Zu den Hauptvorteilen dieser Methode zählen: Senkung der Nachweisgrenze (z.B. bei Mn von 20,27 auf 0,18 μg), variable Wahl der optimalen Empfindlichkeit, optimales Auflösungsvermögen durch die Möglichkeit der Skalendehnung im gewünschten Konzentrationsintervall, Erhöhung der Genauigkeit sowie leichte Konstruktion der diagonal zum Koordinatenkreuz unter einem Winkel von 45° verlaufenden Eichkurve.
    Notes: Abstract A spectrophotometric method is described by which it is possible to determine elements in low concentrations. This is achieved by the connection of a highly sensitive galvanometer to a two-cell photocolorimeter. The higher precision attained in this way can be used on the one hand by the application of two interference filters for the increase of the selectivity of the system, on the other hand, with the replacement of the flap by measurement cells with so-called limit solutions (solutions of known, corresponding concentration) for balancing the system for an optimum range of measurement. The main advantages of this method are: decrease of the limit of detection (e.g. of Mn from 20.27 to 0.18 μg), choice of an optimum sensitivity, an optimum separating power by the possibility of extending the scale in the necessary concentration interval, increase of precision and an easy construction of the calibration curve, located diagonally under a 45° angle to the coordinate system.
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    Über das 2,3,7-Trihydroxy-9-(2-chinolyl)-isoxanthenon-(6) (2′-Chinolylfluoron) und seine Verwendung zur photometrischen Bestimmung von Zirkonium (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 265 (1973), S. 260-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Zirkonium mit 2,3,7-Trihydroxy-9-(2-chinolyl)-isoxanthenon-(6), 2′-Chinolylfluoron ; Spektralphotometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Darstellung des 2′-Chinolylfluorons und dessen Eigenschaften werden beschrieben. Es wird gezeigt, daß das Reagens im sauren Medium mit Zirkonium mehrere Komplexe bildet, darunter einen mit der Zusammensetzung 1∶4. Dieser bevorzugt bei Fluoronüberschuß gebildete Komplex besitzt den extrem hohen Extinktionskoeffizienten ɛ max=165000 l/Mol · cm und eignet sich vorzüglich zur Ausarbeitung eines photometrischen Bestimmungsverfahrens für Zirkonium. Im Konzentrationsbereich 0,4–10 nMol/ml liegen die Variationskoeffizienten des Verfahrens zwischen 0,5 und 2,8 Rel-%.
    Notes: Abstract A report is given on the preparation and properties of 2′-quinolylfluorone. In acid solution the reagent forms various complexes with zirconium. Owing to its extremely high extinction coefficient ɛ max=165000 the 1∶4-complex can be used for quantitative determination of zirconium. In the concentration range 0.4–10 nmoles/ml the variation coefficients are 0.5–2.8% rel.
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    Photometrische Bestimmung von Zirkoniumoxidchlorid in Speisesalz (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 265 (1973), S. 267-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Zirkoniumoxidchlorid in Natriumchlorid ; Spektralphotometrie ; Speisesalzanalyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 2′-Chinolylfluoron bildet mit Zirkonium einen 1∶4-Komplex, dessen Extinktionskoeffizient bei 539 nm ɛ max=165000 ist. Das Bestimmungsverfahren für ZrOCl2 in Speisesalz wird auf dieser Farbreaktion aufgebaut.
    Notes: Abstract 2′-Quinolylfluorone forms a 1∶4-complex with zirconium. Owing to its high extinction coefficient ɛ max=165000 at λ=539 nm the complex can be used for the determination of ZrOCl2 in table salt.
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    Spectrophotometric evaluation of formation constants. 1∶2 metal-ligand system: Iron(II)-quinolinic acid complex (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 265 (1973), S. 269-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Bildungskonstanten des Komplexes Eisen(II)/Chinolinsäure ; Spektralphotometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Bestimmung geringer Mengen Phenol-2,4-disulfonsäure neben Phenol-4-sulfonsäure (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 265 (1973), S. 272-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Phenol-2, 4-disulfonsäure neben Phenol-4-sulfonsäure ; Spektralphotometrie ; Eisen(III)-komplex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425791
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    Photometrische Bestimmung des Magnesiumgehaltes von Aluminiumlegierungen mit DHBTM (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 266 (1973), S. 343-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Magnesium in Aluminiumlegierungen ; Spektralphotometrie ; DHBTM als Reagens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch Kondensation von Malonaldehyd mit 4,6-Dioxohexahydropyrimidin (Dihydrobarbitursäure) bildet sich der Trimethinfarbstoff DHBTM. Er ist ein ausgezeichnetes, stabiles Reagens zur photometrischen Bestimmung von Magnesium. Seine Darstellung und seine Eigenschaften werden beschrieben. Die Magnesiumbestimmung beruht auf der Bildung einer Adsorptionsverbindung und ist weitgehend unabhängig von Störfaktoren, die bei ähnlichen Reaktionen von großem Einfluß sind. So läßt sich ohne voraufgehende Extraktion, lediglich unter Zuhilfenahme von Maskierungsmitteln ein Bestimmungsverfahren für Magnesium in Aluminramlegierungen ausarbeiten. Der Variationskoeffizient des Verfahrens liegt in der Größenordnung von 1 Rel.-%.
    Notes: Abstract The trimethine dye DHBTM, which can be prepared by condensation of malonaldehyde and 4,6-dioxohexahydropyrimidine (dihydrobarbituric acid), is described as an excellent, stable reagent for a photometric determination of magnesium. The method is based on the formation of an adsorption compound. Interfering elements in aluminium alloys can be masked in a simple manner with no preceding extraction being necessary. The variation coefficient of the photometric method is ca. 1%-rel.
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    Photometrische Bestimmung von NH4OH in NH4F-Lösungen und NH4F-HF-Puffergemischen (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 266 (1973), S. 348-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Ammoniumhydroxid in Ammoniumfluorid-Pufferlösungen ; Spektralphotometrie ; Indicatoren der Phenolgruppe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur reproduzierbaren Herstellung von NH4F-HF-Ätzlösungen muß der Gehalt an NH4OH in den käuflichen 40% igen NH4F-Lösungen ermittelt werden. Hierzu wurde eine colorimetrische Methode unter Verwendung von pH-Farbindicatoren der Phenolgruppe ausgearbeitet, die geringe pH-Wertabweichungen (0,007 pH) vom Soll (0% NH4OH) zu messen erlaubt, wobei der Sollwert durch stabile Citronensäure-Phosphatpuffer simuliert wird. Durch Extinktionsmessung gelingt es, 0,01% NH4OH in NH4F-Lösungen zu erfassen. Die gefundenen Werte liegen zwischen 0,1–0,3%.
    Notes: Abstract To obtain NH4F-HF etching agents with constant etching behaviour the concentration of NH4OH in commercially available 40% NH4F solutions has to be measured. By application of pH-indicators of the phenol type very small pH-deviations (0.007 pH) from the specified value (0% NH4OH) can be measured. The specified value is simulated by the stable McIlvaine buffer. By determining the differences in optical absorption 0.01% NH4OH can be measured in NH4F solutions. Values found in practice are between 0.1– 0.3%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423762
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  • 74
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    Extraction-photometric determination of titanium (IV) by synergism with pimelyl-bis-N-phenylhydroxamic acid (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 266 (1973), S. 364-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Titan(IV) mit Pimelyl-bis-N-hydroxamsäure ; Spektralphotometrie ; Synergist, m. NH4SCN
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423768
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  • 75
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    Über eine allgemein anwendbare Methode zur Bestimmung von Aluminiuni in Stahl (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 267 (1973), S. 13-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Aluminium in Eisen, Stahl ; Spektralphotometrie ; Aluminonmethode nach Extraktionen und Elektrolyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das beschriebene photometrische Verfahren wurde für Al-Gehalte von 0,01–1,1% in Eisen, Stählen und Edelstählen ausgearbeitet und an Teststählen überprüft. Mit Hilfe einer Hg-Elektrolyse und schrittweise vorgenommenen Extraktionen der die Al-Bestimmung störenden Legierungsbestandteile (wie Fe, Mo, Cr, Cu, Co, Cd, Mo, Pb, Ni, Sb, Zn, Sn, Mn) wird das Aluminium mit 8-Hydroxychinolin bei pH 9 abgetrennt und nach einem HNO3/H2SO4-Aufschluß photometrisch nach der Aluminonmethode bestimmt.
    Notes: Abstract The method has been worked out for Al contents from 0.01 to 1.1% in iron, steels and alloy steels, and tested with standard reference materials. Aluminium is separated by 8-hydroxy-quinoline at pH 9 after Hg-electrolysis and step-wise pre-extraction of interfering constituents as Fe, Mo, Cr, Cu, Co, Cd, Mo, Pb, Ni, Sb, Zn, Sn, Mn. Finally the 8-hydroxy-quinoline extract is digested with nitric/sulphuric acid and aluminium is determined spectrophotometrically by the Aluminon method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00635409
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  • 76
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    Spektralphotometrische Bestimmung von Carbonylverbindungen über die 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 267 (1973), S. 44-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Carbonylverbindungen mit 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazin ; Spektralphotometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00635417
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  • 77
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    Electronic Resource
    Zur Jodbestimmung im Nanogrammbereich nach der Sandell-Kolthoff-Reaktion (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 267 (1973), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Jod in Pflanzenmaterial, Filterpapier ; Spektralphotometrie ; ng-Bereich, Sandell-Kolthoff-Reaktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einem Verfahren zur Jodbestimmung in Biomatrices auf Grund der Sandell-Kolthoff-Reaktion wurden der alkalische Aufschluß sowie weitere Verfahrensschritte mit 131J-Tracer auf Jodverlust und Reproduzierbarkeit überprüft und eine modifizierte Arbeitsvorschrift ausgearbeitet. Bei Grasproben wurde eine Standardabweichung von 7% ermittelt.
    Notes: Abstract A method for the determination of iodine in biological materials based on the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction has been studied. For the alkaline mineralization and some further steps with regard to iodine losses and reproducibility 131I tracer was applied and a modified procedure has been developed. In the case of grass samples the standard deviation is found to be 7%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429957
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  • 78
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    Bestimmung des O/U-Verhältnisses von nichtstöchiometrischem Urandioxid mit Hilfe der Spektralphotometrie (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 267 (1973), S. 103-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. des O/U-Verhältnisses von nichtstöchiometr ; Urandioxid ; Spektralphotometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Methode zur Bestimmung des Sauerstoff-Metall-Verhältnisses von überstöchiometrischem Urandioxid wird beschrieben. Nach Auflösen des Urandioxids in heißer konzentrierter Phosphorsäure werden die Konzentrationen an U4+ und U6+ über die Messung der Extinktionen zweier spezifischer Wellenlängen bestimmt. Die Methode zeichnet sich durch Einfachheit und geringen Zeitaufwand aus. Sie wurde für O/U-Verhältnisse von 2,05–2,67 getestet. Die Reproduzierbarkeit beträgt, bezogen auf das O/U-Verhältnis, ±0,005.
    Notes: Abstract After dissolution of the sample in hot concentrated phosphoric acid the concentrations of U4+ and U6+ are measured via the absorbance of two specific wavelengths. The method is simple and requires little time. It has been tested for 0/U ratios 2.05 to 2.67. The reproducibility, related to the O/U ratio, is ± 0.005.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429960
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  • 79
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    Electronic Resource
    Bestimmung von Phthalsäureestern in wäßrigen Weich-PVC-Extrakten mittels Dünnschicht-Chromatographie (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 267 (1973), S. 127-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Phthalsäureestern in Polyvinylchlorid, Weichmachern ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Spektralphotometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine dünnschicht-chromatographische Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung von Phthalsäureestern in wäßrigen Weich-PVC-Extrakten wurde entwickelt. Als Lösungsmittel dient Petroläther-Diäthyläther-Eisessig (8∶2∶0,1); die Beschichtung besteht aus 0,2 mm Silicagel mit Fluorescenzzusatz. Nach Auftrennung und Elution erfolgt eine photometrische Auswertung.
    Notes: Abstract A thinlayer chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of phthalic acid esters in aqueous PVC-plastic extracts has been developed. Petroleum ether/diethyl ether/glacial acetic acid (8∶2∶0.1) is used as solvent; the plates are coated with 0.2 mm of silica gel with fluorescent agent. After separation and elution a photometric determination is performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429966
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    Spectrophotometry of the platinum metals in the ultraviolet region (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 267 (1973), S. 288-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Platin(IV) ; Spektralphotometrie ; UV-Bereich
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425305
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