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  • 36.40  (55)
  • Immunocytochemistry  (46)
  • Calcinosis
  • Springer  (104)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Springer Nature
  • 1990-1994  (102)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969  (2)
  • 1993  (102)
  • 1968  (2)
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  • Springer  (104)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Springer Nature
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (6)
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  • 1990-1994  (102)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969  (2)
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Photoreception ; Extraretinal Photoreceptor ; Chromophore ; Opsin ; Reptile ; Immunocytochemistry ; HPLC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Since the beginning of this century evidence has accumulated which demonstrates that non-mammalian vertebrates possess photoreceptors situated deep within the brain. While many attempts have been made to localize these sensory cells, studies have either failed or been inconclusive. In this report we have used several experimental approaches to localize the deep brain photoreceptors of the lizard Anolis carolinensis. Using 3 antibodies that bind vertebrate cone opsins, we have immunolabelled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons located at the ventricular border within the nucleus ventromedialis of the septum. Western blot analysis indicates that these antibodies recognized a single 40 kD protein in ocular, anterior brain, and pineal extracts. Immunoblots of rodent brain did not show a similar protein band. We have also identified specific retinoids associated with phototransduction (11-cis and all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinaldehyde) within anterior brain extracts. This combined data provides the most detailed analysis of deep brain photoreceptors in any vertebrate. Consequently, we feel Anolis provides an excellent model to study this unexplored sensory system of the vertebrates.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Egg laying hormone ; Aplysia ; Binding protein ; Immunocytochemistry ; Reproductive system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A protein solubilized from a membrane preparation of the gonad of Aplysia californica has been isolated by affinity chromatography, using bag cell egg-laying hormone (ELH) as the bound ligand, and partially purified and characterized by gel electrophoresis. The protein has an apparent molecular weight of 52 kDa and consists of two disulfide-linked subunits of about 30 kDa each. The protein is glycosylated and has an acidic pI. Approximately 10–15 μg of this protein can be isolated from a single ovotestis, representing less than 1% of the total protein in the gonad; but the protein could not be detected in buccal mass or body wall, tissues which do not have apparent response to ELH. Antibodies generated against this ELH-binding protein (ELHBP) were used to localize sites in the ovotestis which might contain this molecule and thus represent targets for egg-laying hormone. Immunocytochemical results indicate that the oocytes are a rich source of this protein, since their cytoplasm was the only detectable site of immunoreactivity. Whether this binding protein represents an egg-laying hormone receptor is uncertain, but its prevalence in oocytes suggests that ELH plays a signaling role on these gametes.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 61.1.P ; 68.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fullerene powder mixtures with different C60/C70 ratios have been analyzed by a variety of techniques, and results have been compared. The fullerence mixtures have been characterized as solutions in n-hexane by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Thin films of fullerenes on Au(111) have been prepared from the mixtures by sublimation. The sublimation process has been studied by simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. Thin fullerene films on Au(111) have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The STM images show primarily two types of ballshaped molecules arranged in a lattice with hexagonal symmetry (fcc(111) face, nearest neighbour distance: 1 nm). The two species differ in diameter. STM images of films made of mixtures of different C60/C70 ratios show that C70 molecules display a larger apparent diameter (0.8 nm) and corrugation than C60 molecules (0.7 nm). The C60/C70 ratios obtained by counting the corresponding molecular species in the STM images of the thin films are compared to the C60/C70 ratios determined by HPLC on hexane solutions of the mixtures. The observed differences might be explained by different rates of sublimation for the two species. The STM images reveal film defects (vacancies and boundaries) and dynamic processes (displacement of C70 molecules and vacancies). In films prepared to have a C60 coverage of less than one monolayer, stable structural units of the C60(111) surface consisting of three or seven C60 molecules are revealed by STM. Occasionally, substructure within individual fullerene molecules is observed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 2 (1968), S. 30-37 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Thyroxine ; Hypercalcemia ; Calcinosis ; Parathyroid hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chez le rat, un traitement préalable par la thyroxine ou la calcitonine inhibe les calcifications métastatiques et l'ostéite fibreuse provoquées par un surdosage d'extrait parathyroïdien. Si les deux hormones sont données simultanément, il y a sommation de leurs effets. La calcergie produite par l'administration conjointe d'acétate de plomb par voie intraveineuse et de polymyxinepar voie sous-cutanée est inhibée par la calcitonine mais n'est pas influencée par la thyroxine. Seule la calcitonine diminue l'hypercalcémie produite par l'injection intraveineuse d'acétate de plomb. Le mécanisme d'action des deux hormones est brièvement discuté.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Versuche an Ratten ergaben, daß die durch Überdosierung mit Nebenschilddrüsenextrakt herbeigeführte Osteitis fibrosa und Verkalkung der Weichteilgewebe durch Vorbehandlung mit Thyroxin oder Calcitonin verhindert wird. Gleichzeitige Verabreichung beider Hormone ergibt eine Additionswirkung. Die durch intravenöse Injektion von Bleiacetat und nachfolgende subcutane Verabreichung von Polymyxin ausgelöste Hautverkalkung (Calcergie) läßt sich mit Calcitonin, jedoch nicht mit Thyroxin, verhüten. Außerdem wird die durch eine einzige Injektion von Bleiacetat hervorgerufene Hyperkalzämie durch Calcitonin vermindert, während Thyroxin keinen derartigen Einfluß ausübt. Der Wirkungsmechanismus beider Hormone wird kurz besprochen.
    Notes: Abstract Experiments on rats indicate that pretreatment with thyroxine or calcitonin inhibits the soft-tissue calcification and the osteitis fibrosa induced by parathyroid extract overdosage. When the hormones are administered concurrently there is a summation of their actions. Calcitonin but not thyroxine inhibitits the skin calcification (calcergy) induced by an intravenous injection of lead acetate followed by topical administration of polymyxin. Moreover, calcitonin diminishes the hypercalcemia produced by a single injection of lead acetate, whereas thyroxine is ineffective in this respect. The mechanism of action of both hormones is briefly discussed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 2 (1968), S. 214-228 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcinosis ; Calcification ; Cartilage ; Collagen ; Mineral metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les facteurs, influençant la vitesse et l'intensité du phénomène d'association des ions calcium et phosphates avec des fibres contenant du collagène, et préparés à partir du tendon de boeuf par deux méthodes d'extraction différentes, ont été étudiés. Les fibres, obtenues par ces deux méthodes, nécessitent spécifiquement du phosphate pour absorber du calcium et vice versa. L'absorption ionique des deux préparations est inhibée par du Mg++, du pyrophosphate et un peptide acidique, isolé du sérum humain. Alors que les fibres contenant du collagène, préparées selon les deux méthodes, présentent une absorption ionique à des vitesses sensiblement identiques, seule une des méthodes donne une matrice réagissant positivement à la technique de coloration au nitrate d'argent de von Kossa. Etant donné que les deux critères de calcification sont intéressés de façon identique par des conditions de réaction et par des inhibiteurs, il apparait que les deux facteurs sont des manifestations de différents stades de calcification et que des études d'absorption ionique fournissent une base quantitative d'appréciation de la calcification, pouvant être d'importance pour l'étude du mécanisme et de contrôle de la minéralisation tissulaire.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Überprüft wurden die Faktoren, welche Geschwindigkeit und Ausmaß der Erscheinung beeinflussen, wobei Calcium- und Phosphationen sich mit den kollagenhaltigen, durch zwei verschiedene Extraktionsmethoden aus Rindersehnen gewonnenen Fasern eng zusammenbinden. Die mit beiden Methoden zubereiteten Fasern benötigen spezifisch Phosphat für die Calciumaufnahme und Calcium für die Phosphataufnahme. Die Ionenaufnahme beider Arten wird durch Mg++, Pyrophosphat und saure, aus dem menschlichen Serum isolierte Peptide gehemmt. Während die nach beiden Methoden präparierten kollagenhaltigen Fasern eine Ionenaufnahme von beinahe gleicher Geschwindigkeit verursachen, ergibt nur eine dieser Methoden eine Matrix, die mit der Silbernitratfärbung nach vonKossa positiv reagiert. Da beide Calcifikationskriterien gleicherweise durch Reaktionsbedingungen und Inhibitoren beeinflußt werden, wird daraus geschlossen, daß beide Erscheinungen verschiedener Stadien des Gesamtcalcifikationsprozesses sind. Untersuchungen über die Ionenaufnahme ergeben eine quantitative Angabe der Verkalkung, welche für die Erforschung des Mechanismus und der Kontrolle der Mineralisation der Gewebe wichtig sein könnte.
    Notes: Abstract Factors that influence the rate and extent of the phenomenon in which calcium and phosphate ions become firmly associated with collagen-containing fibers prepared from beef tendon by two different extraction methods have been investigated. The fibers produced by both methods specifically require phosphate for calcium uptake and calcium is required for phosphate uptake. Ion uptake by both types is inhibited by Mg++, pyrophosphate, and an acidic peptide isolated from human serum. Whereas the collagen-containing fibers prepared by both methods induce ion uptake at nearly identical rates, only one of the methods produced a matrix that gives a positive response to the silver nitrate staining technique of von Kossa. Since both criteria of calcification are similarly influenced by reaction conditions and inhibitors, it is concluded that both are manifestations of different stages of the overall calcification process and that studies of ion uptake provide a quantitative assessment of calcification which could be of importance for investigating the mechanism and control of tissue mineralization.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 107-113 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Proventriculus ; Endocrine ontogenesis ; Ultrastructure ; Regulatory peptides ; Immunocytochemistry ; Silver impregnations ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of endocrine cells in the chicken proventriculus has been investigated using light-and electron-microscopy in conjunction with silver and immunocytochemical techniques. The first morphologically detectable endocrine cells were found in 5-day-old embryos by electron microscopy. From the 9th to the 13th day, endocrine cells in contact with the lumen of the organ could be detected both by electron and light (silver impregnation) microscopy. The number of open-type endocrine cells progressively decreased and the number of closed-type increased after this stage. Until the 16th day, endocrine cells were located exclusively in the luminal epithelium, but afterwards they appeared in progressively greater numbers in the compound glands. After hatching, long cytoplasmic processes could be seen in the endocrine cells. Immunoreactivities to regulatory substances appeared in the following order: serotonin (day-14), avian pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and somatostatin (day-16), bombesin and neurotensin (day-18), and finally, met-enkephalin (day-21).
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 161-168 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Keratinocyte subpopulations ; Epidermal calcium-binding protein ; Low gravity sedimentation ; Immunoblotting ; Immunocytochemistry ; Flow cytometry ; Rats (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epidermal calcium-binding protein (ECaBP) is present in the cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and other stratified epithelia. Since the basal layer compartment contains at least two types of cells: slow-cycling, poorly-differentiated, and actively proliferating, more differentiated cells, it was of interest to determine whether they both contained ECaBP. Basal and nearly suprabasal layer keratinocytes from newborn rat epidermis were fractionated into three fractions on the basis of cell size, using low-gravity sedimentation. The cell differentiation in each subgroup was estimated by cell size, morphology, cell cycle stage, RNA/DNA content, and the presence of specific keratins. The presence of ECaBP in these fractions was detected by immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting. Double staining with ECaBP antibodies and propidium iodide followed by flow cytometry was used to correlate ECaBP production and the stage of cell cycle. The relative cell size, measured by the light scattering was used to study the relationship between cell size and ECaBP production. The results show that small keratinocytes with low DNA and RNA content (G0 cells) do not express ECaBP. ECaBP was found only in intermediate size basal keratinocytes with higher DNA and RNA contents, corresponding to actively proliferating S phase cells. Large keratinocytes, which express suprabasal keratin and have low DNA and high RNA content, cease to express ECaBP. ECaBP may, therefore, be a useful marker for assessing the movement of cells from poorly differentiated reserve compartment towards proliferation and further differentiation in both physiological and pathological situations.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Motoneurones ; Dorsal horn ; Neurofilament ; Phosphorylation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neurofilament immunoreactivity was examined in spinal cords of rats and cats with antibodies to all three subunits (68 kD, 155 kD and 200 kD) and to different phosphorylation states of 200 kD. NFHP-, an antibody against non-phosphorylated 200 kD, labelled all rat neuronal perikarya but failed to labet cat neurofilaments. In both species, the perikarya and processes of motoneurones were immunoreactive for all three subunits but most dorsal horn neuronal perikarya were not immunoreactive for 68 kD and 155 kD. Motoneuronal perikarya and proximal processes showed filamentous labelling for 68 kD but not for 155 kD in the rat, while in neither species did these show labelling with RT97, an antibody against a highly phosphorylated form of 200 kD; immunoreactivity for 200 kD was present in both filamentous (probably partially phosphorylated) and non-filamentous (non-phosphorylated) forms, but in dorsal horn neurones only the latter was present. Interpretations consistent with this data are: in rat and possibly also cat, motoneuronal neurofilaments consist of a 68 kD backbone with partially phosphorylated 200 kD sidearms, with both 155 kD and 200 kD (non-phosphorylated) subunits in a non-filamentous form; this neurofilament becomes more highly phosphorylated along the proximal processes. The dorsal horn neurones probably contain 200 kD in a non-filamentous form but may lack the other subunits.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland, pars anterior (distalis) ; Gonadotrophic cells, gonadotropes ; Thyrotropes ; Immunocytochemistry ; Suncus murinus (Insectivora)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract According to recent immunocytochemical studies of anterior pituitary cells, it is obvious that the “one cell-one hormone” theory must be modified. Many pituitary morphologists have demonstrated that there are some cells that contain two hormones. In this study, we demonstrate by means of immuno-electronmicroscopy the co-existence of gonadotrophins (FSH and LH) and thyrotrophin (TSH) in the same anterior pituitary cells of the musk shrew. These cells were remarkably altered in their ultrastructural features by either gonadectomy or thyroidectomy. Double labeling for gonadotrophins and thyrotrophin was present not only in the same cells but also in the same secretory granules. Our ability to demonstrate co-existence of gonadotrophins and thyrotrophin in the same cell may be due to our selection of fixative and embedding media for electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry. Our conclusion that gonadotrophins and thyrotrophin are produced in a single cell type of the anterior pituitary gland in the musk shrew, i.e., thyrogonadotrophs, suggests the need to consider a modification of the classic scheme for classification of anterior pituitary cells.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 321-327 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calcification ; Calcinosis ; Calculi ; Microliths ; Salivary gland calculi ; Salivary glands ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This investigation concerns the natural history of microlith in the salivary glands of cat. Microliths were detected in more sublingual than submandibular glands and were almost absent in the parotid. They were found intraparenchymally, intraluminally and interstitially, and ultrastructurally in phagosomes of acinar, ductal and myoepithelial cells, intermixed with the cytoplasm of degenerate acinar cells, and in intraparenchymal macrophages and a multinuclear giant cell. They appear to form in healthy acinar cells during autophagocytosis, and possibly to be discharged luminally, laterally or basally, and to form in the debris of degenerate cells intraparenchymally and intraluminally. They appear to be removed by expulsion in the saliva, scavenging macrophages, and possible eventual degradation in the parenchymal phagosomes. The greater occurrence of microliths in the sublingual gland may relate to a low level of secretory activity, and the near absence of microliths in the parotid to a low level of calcium. The feline salivary glands were found to be an outstanding model for the investigation of microlithiasis.
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