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  • Other Sources  (507)
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS  (507)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • Physics
  • 1980-1984  (175)
  • 1965-1969  (332)
  • 1981  (175)
  • 1968  (332)
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  • 1980-1984  (175)
  • 1965-1969  (332)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2005-11-13
    Description: Random vibration response data for orbiting geophysical observatory - comparative analysis of flight, acoustic, and vibration tests
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NRL THE SHOCK AND VIBRATION BULL. JAN. 1968; P 21-45
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2006-02-07
    Description: Development and verification of vibration test requirements for Apollo command and service modules
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NRL THE SHOCK AND VIBRATION BULL., NO. 37, PT. 5 JAN. 1968; P 89-103
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2006-02-05
    Description: Acoustic test conditions to verify structural and component integrity of Apollo lunar module
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NRL THE SHOCK AND VIBRATION BULL., NO. 37, PT. 5 JAN. 1968; P 139-152
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2006-02-07
    Description: Acoustic qualification testing of aerodynamic fins used on S-1C stage of Saturn 5 vehicle
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NRL THE SHOCK AND VIBRATION BULL., NO. 37, PT. 5 JAN. 1968; P 175-182
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2006-02-07
    Description: Saturn S-2, S-4B, and instrument unit subassembly and assembly vibration and acoustic evaluation programs
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NRL THE SHOCK AND VIBRATION BULL., NO. 37, PT. 5 JAN. 1968; P 117-137
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  • 6
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Amplitude frequency relations of nonlinear vibrations in uniform beams with various boundary conditions using perturbation method
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Polymide resin/glass fiber sandwich panels studied for high temperature effects on mechanical properties for application to SST
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Simulated micrometeoroid bombardment of white thermal control coating causing changes in optical properties
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Thin plate ballistic limit for perforation by cylindrical projectiles, using computational procedures and graphs
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; IVERSITET DRUZHBY NA
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Edge restraint coupling effect on buckling mode of ring stiffened shells of revolution
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; IVERSITET DRUZHBY NA
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Vibrational characteristics of ring stiffened cylindrical shells including inter-ring motion, comparing results with energy methods and orthotropic approach
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 12
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Elastic buckling and postbuckling behavior of thin doubly curved shell panels subject to nonuniform heating, noting load vs deflection
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; ECTRON (
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Steady state frequency response of conical and cylindrical shells under lateral excitation
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Elastic displacements for edge cracked plate specimens used as crack extension indicator in plane strain fracture toughness measurements
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; UGREVUE(
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Kinetic theory of fracture initiation, discussing changes in relative orientation distribution of network chains
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; VIGATION (
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Simple procedures are given for treating cumulative fatigue damage under complex loading history using either the damage curve concept or the double linear damage rule. A single equation is given for use with the damage curve approach; each loading event providing a fraction of damage until failure is presumed to occur when the damage sum becomes unity. For the double linear damage rule, analytical expressions are given for determining the two phases of life. The procedure comprises two steps, each similar to the conventional application of the commonly used linear damage rule. Once the sum of cycle ratios based on Phase I lives reaches unity, Phase I is presumed complete, and further loadings are summed as cycle ratios based on Phase II lives. When the Phase II sum attains unity, failure is presumed to occur. It is noted that no physical properties or material constants other than those normally used in a conventional linear damage rule analysis are required for application of either of the two cumulative damage methods described. Illustrations and comparisons are discussed for both methods.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Journal of Fracture; 17; Apr. 198
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  • 17
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Problems of elasticity associated with the behavior of free surfaces of elastic bodies are reviewed with particular reference to the propagation of characteristic waves and the criteria of wrinkling of free surfaces. All transformations are given for the case when a free surface of an elastic body is streamlined by the flow of inviscid fluid. The wrinkling phenomenon is illustrated by example.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Elasticity; 11; Apr. 198
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  • 18
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A methodology of formulating the optimum design problem for structural systems with random parameters and subjected to random vibration as a mathematical programming problem is presented. The proposed method is applied to the optimum design of a cantilever beam with a tip mass and a truss structure supporting a water tank. The excitations are assumed to be Gaussian processes and the geometric and material properties are taken to be normally distributed random variables. The probabilistic constraints are specified for individual failure modes since it is easier to specify the reliability level for each failure mode keeping in view the consequences of failure in that particular mode. The time parameter appearing in the random vibration based constraints is eliminated by replacing the probabilities of failure by suitable upper bounds. The numerical results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of applying the reliability-based design concepts to structures with random parameters and operating in random vibration environment.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Computers and Structures; 14; 5-6,; 1981
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  • 19
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: This paper presents a structural dynamic modeling of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), which is a Space Shuttle payload of passive scientific experiments contained in trays mounted on a large cylindrically shaped structure. Special detailed finite element modeling, using the SPAR system of computer programs was required to obtain good agreement between analytical and test vibrations modes. Experimental trays contributed significantly to overall LDEF stiffnesses, and these contributions were realistically represented for each tray by the stiffness matrix of an equivalent orthotropic panel in the overall LDEF SPAR model. Orthotropic stiffnesses for this panel were obtained from finely detailed statically loaded tray SPAR models in which stiffness coupling was accounted for along with partial relative sliding allowed by the tray clamping attachments. Joint boundary conditions were also significant in the structural dynamic modeling of LDEF, and static data proved valuable in assessing modeling of local end fittings.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Computers and Structures; 13; Aug. 198
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A necessary and sufficient condition is derived for the existence of the axisymmetric mode of cylindrical shells with a radial displacement having one half wave along the axis and axial displacement restrained at both ends. The condition is purely geometric and consists of an upper bound on the mean radius of thickness ratio for a given fixed value of the length to mean radius ratio, above which the mode with one half wave in radial displacement along the axis ceases to exist. The proof is based on enforcing two basic lemmas concerned with the simplicity of the eigenvalues of the shell and the uniform ordering of these eigenvalues with the number of nodes of their corresponding radial displacement eigenfunctions.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 74; Feb. 8
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The effect of elastic end rings on the eigenfrequencies of thin cylindrical shells is studied by using an exact solution of the linear eigenvalue problem. The out-of-plane and torsional rigidities of the rings are responsible for the overall shell stiffness. Considerable mode interaction exists for modes with low circumferential wave numbers when the mass of the ring is comparable with that of the shell. The hypothetical simply supported and clamped boundary conditions are practically impossible to realize with a finite-mass ring for relatively short and thin shells.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 74; Jan. 8
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An improved method of boundary collocation based on the complex variable analysis of Muskhelishvili (1953) is applied to the two-dimensional stress analysis of round compact specimens with pin-loaded holes. Stress intensity factors and crack opening displacements are calculated for various round compact specimens as a function of crack-length-to-specimen-width ratios. A wide-range equation for the stress intensity factors and equations for crack-surface displacements and load-point displacements are developed.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Journal of Fracture; 17; Dec. 198
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A phenomenological load interaction model referred to as the Multi-Parameter Yield Zone model is presented which accounts for crack growth retardation caused by previous overloads, acceleration due to current overloads, and underload effects. In the present model, load interaction effects are calculated utilizing a residual stress intensity concept. Crack growth retardation and acceleration are accounted for by decreasing or increasing, respectively, the effective stress ratio used in a modified Forman's (1967) crack growth equation. Results of spectrum crack growth predictions for 2219-T851 aluminum are presented.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The present paper is concerned with the development and application of an analytical model of cyclic crack growth that includes the effects of crack closure. The model was based on a concept like the Dugdale model, but was modified to leave plastically deformed material in the wake of the advancing crack tip. The model was used to correlate crack growth rates under constant-amplitude loading and to predict crack growth under aircraft spectrum loading on 2219-T851 aluminum alloy plate material. The predicted crack growth lives agreed well with experimental data. The ratio of predicted-to-experimental lives ranged from 0.66 to 1.48.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A method for predicting fatigue crack growth under random loading which employs the concept of Barsom (1976) is presented. In accordance with this method, the loading history for each specimen is analyzed to determine the root-mean-square maximum and minimum stresses, and the predictions are made by assuming the tests have been conducted under constant-amplitude loading at the root-mean-square maximum and minimum levels. The procedure requires a simple computer program and a desk-top computer. For the eleven predictions made, the ratios of the predicted lives to the test lives ranged from 2.13 to 0.82, which is a good result, considering that the normal scatter in the fatigue-crack-growth rates may range from a factor of two to four under identical loading conditions.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Theoretical analysis is performed on the linear dynamic equations of thin cylindrical shells to find the error committed by making the Donnell assumption and the neglect of in-plane inertia. At first, the effect of these approximations is studied on a shell with classical simply supported boundary condition. The same approximations are then investigated for other boundary conditions from a consistent approximate solution of the eigenvalue problem. The Donnell assumption is valid at frequencies high compared with the ring frequencies, for finite length thin shells. The error in the eigenfrequencies from omitting tangential inertia is appreciable for modes with large circumferential and axial wavelengths, independent of shell thickness and boundary conditions.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 76; June 22
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  • 27
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Strength of sheet metal parts containing cracks studied by simulating fail safe design
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: HF plate vibration damping due to gas pumping in riveted joints, considering pressure dependence of viscosity
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; UGREVUE(
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  • 29
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Nonlinear boundary layer for shells of revolution, deriving nonlinear differential equations for infinitesimal strains and small rotation
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; URNAL OF PHYSICS, PA
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  • 30
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Plastic strain pulse propagation in cylindrical lead bars, discussing stress-strain-time deformation
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; ACE(
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Time dependent theory of mechanical strength of homogeneous and partially oriented and stressed media based on microscopic molecular structure
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; ACE(
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Structural analysis modification by force method accounting for elastic property changes of some elements
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 33
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Explicit expressions for stiffness matrix of triangular torus elements associated with linear displacement fields and generalized Hookian material
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Four pole parameters of truncated thin conical shell under axial excitations obtained by applying membrane shell theory
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; L AVIV AND HAIFA, IS
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  • 35
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Approximate buckling load for thin ogive shell of revolution under uniform external pressure using differential equations
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; L AVIV AND HAIFA, IS
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  • 36
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Doubly curved shallow thin shells buckling under edge loading, discussing curvatures role and shell equation
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; ACE(
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Metal alloys high temperature low cycle strain fatigue resistance in creep range estimated from tensile and stress rupture data
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 38
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An analytical procedure for prediction of the cyclic plasticity effects on both the structural fatigue life to crack initiation and the rate of crack growth is presented. The crack initiation criterion is based on the Coffin-Manson formulae extended for multiaxial stress state and for inclusion of the mean stress effect. This criterion is also applied for the accumulated damage ahead of the existing crack tip which is assumed to be related to the crack growth rate. Three cyclic plasticity models, based on the concept of combination of several yield surfaces, are employed for computing the crack growth rate of a crack plane stress panel under several cyclic loading conditions.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 39
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An analysis method developed to calculate the wind loads on the nodes or joints of the truss type support structure of the 64 meter antenna is described. The method uses the CBAR element and GRID coordinate cards of the NASTRAN or IDEAS structural analysis programs as inputs to the computer model of the structure. Cross flow principles and vector analysis are also used in the analysis. The algorithms used are described and probable accuracy of the solution is discussed.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition; p 149-153
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  • 40
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Time-dependent lateral deflection of flat rectangular plates is predicted by the Norton-Bailey (Norton 1929, Bailey 1935) power law for material creep. The plates have a through-thickness steady-state temperature distribution, and the effects are considered by using Maxwell's law to modify the power creep law. Equations are derived for creep exponents of 3 and 5, using the sandwich plate element to predict creep buckling of plates. Predictions of creep buckling with a temperature variation between the inner and outer plate surfaces are found to be somewhat dependent on the creep buckling relationship assumed. When significant scatter justifies a variation in the creep constants up to an order of magnitude, discrepancies in predictions using the two exponents are reasonable, and for one engineering material, the predictions have the same degree of agreement with experimental data as have the respective creep laws.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Thermal Stresses; 4; Apr. 198
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A general algorithm is developed to calculate the beam-type dynamic response of three dimensional multiplane finite length pipe systems, consisting of elbow and straight ducts with continuous interfaces. Emphasis is on secondary acoustic wave effects giving rise to coupling mechanisms; and the simulation accounts for one-dimensional elastoacoustic coupling from a plane acoustic wave and secondary loads resulting from wave asymmetries. The transfer matrix approach is adopted in modeling the elastodynamics of each duct, with allowance for distribution loads. Secondary loads from plane wave distortion are considered with a solution of the Helmholtz equation in an equivalent rigid waveguide, and effects of path imperfection are introduced as a perturbation from the hypothetical perfectly straight pipe. Computations indicate that the one-dimensional acoustic assumption is valid for frequencies below one-half the first cut-off frequency, and the three-dimensional acoustic effects produce an increase in response levels near and above cut-off.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 78; Sept. 8
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  • 42
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An historical account is given of the development, from its conception in 1960, of the structural synthesis method. While synthesis techniques lag behind analytical ones in both sophistication and application, the structural design procedures created by combining finite element analysis and mathematical programming algorithms have progressed to the point of maturity. As in the case of finite element analysis, use and acceptance of structural synthesis methodology depends on the development and distribution of easily used and well-documented, production-quality computer programs. Attention is given such elementary applications of synthesis methods as the three-bar truss, an integrally stiffened waffle plate, a stiffened cylindrical shell, aircraft fuselage window panels, the structural efficiency of graphite-epoxy hat-stiffened panels, and an idealized delta wing.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 19; Oct. 198
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Stress-intensity factors are obtained for twin collinear cracks emanating from a hole in an infinite plate. Point forces that tend to make the crack surfaces separate and slide are applied to one of the cracks. A conformal mapping and the Muskelishvili formulation involving series representation of the Kolosov stress functions are used to derive the solutions. The variation of stress-intensity factor with crack length and with point of application of the loads is presented for both crack tips.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Res Mechanica Letters; 1; Dec. 198
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: This paper presents an empirical stress-intensity factor equation for a surface crack as a function of parametric angle, crack depth, crack length, plate thickness and plate width for tension and bending loads. The stress-intensity factors used to develop the equation were obtained from a previous three-dimensional, finite-element analysis of semielliptical surface cracks in finite elastic plates subjected to tension or bending loads. A wide range of configuration parameters was included in the equation. The ratios of crack length to plate thickness and the ratios of crack depth to crack length ranged from 0 to 1.0. The effects of plate width on stress-intensity variations along the crack front were also included. The equation was used to predict patterns of surface-crack growth under tension or bending fatigue loads. The equation was also used to correlate surface-crack fracture data for a brittle epoxy material within + or - 10 percent for a wide range of crack shapes and crack sizes.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Engineering Fracture Mechanics; 15; 1-2,; 1981
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2016-03-09
    Description: Topics discussed include computational strategies for nonlinear problems in structural mechanics, time integration techniques and the numerical solution of nonlinear algebraic equations, material characterization and nonlinear fracture mechanics, nonlinear interaction problems, and seismic response and the nonlinear analysis of concrete structures. Also considered are nonlinear problems for nuclear reactors, crash dynamics and impact problems, nonlinear problems of fibrous composites and advanced nonlinear applications, and computerized symbolic manipulation and nonlinear analysis software systems.
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2016-03-09
    Description: Papers are presented in the volume summarizing the baseline data, methodology, procedures, and results of a round-robin analysis which was conducted to predict the fatigue crack growth in 2219-T851 aluminum center-cracked specimens subjected to flight loading in random cycle-by-cycle format. The objective of the analysis was to assess whether data from constant-amplitude fatigue crack growth tests on center-cracked specimens can be used to predict fatigue crack growth lives under random loading. The following approaches are discussed in detail: a root-mean-square approach, a crack-closure model, a multi-parameter yield zone model, and a load-interaction model.
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: Hypervelocity impact craters formed in low and variable strength laboratory materials to provide insight into formation mechanics and resultant structures of meteorite craters
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  • 48
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Three versions of the assumed stress hybrid model in finite element methods and the corresponding variational principles for the formulation are presented. Examples of rank deficiency for stiffness matrices by the hybrid stress model are given and their corresponding kinematic deformation modes are identified. A discussion of the derivation of general semi-Loof elements for plates and shells by the hybrid stress method is given. It is shown that the equilibrium model by Fraeijs de Veubeke can be derived by the approach of the hybrid stress model as a special case of semi-Loof elements.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-175551 , NAS 1.26:175551
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A capability was added to the general purpose finite element program NASTRAN Level 17.7 to conduct forced vibration analysis of tuned cyclic structures rotating about their axes of symmetry. The effects of Coriolis and centripetal accelerations together with those due to linear acceleration of the axis of rotation were included. The theoretical development of this capability is presented.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-165430 , NAS 1.26:165430 , D2536-941008
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A new capability was added to the general purpose finite element program NASTRAN Level 17.7 to conduct forced vibration analysis of tuned cyclic structures rotating about their axis of symmetry. The effects of Coriolis and centripetal accelerations together with those due to linear acceleration of the axis of rotation were included. The theoretical, user's, programmer's and demonstration manuals for this new capability are presented.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-165429 , NAS 1.26:165429 , D2536-941007
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  • 51
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In this paper the line-spring model developed by Rice and Levy for a surface crack in elastic plates is reconsidered. The problem is formulated by using Reissner's plate bending theory. For the plane strain problem of a strip containing an edge crack and subjected to tension and bending new expressions for stress intensity factors are used which are valid up to a depth-to-thickness ratio of 0.8. The stress intensity factors for a semi-elliptic and a rectangular crack are calculated. Considering the simplicity of the technique and the severity of the underlying assumptions, the results compare rather well with the existing finite element solutions.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Journal of Engineering Science; 19; 10, 1; 1981
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The general nonlinear discretized equations of motion of spinning elastic solids and structures are derived as a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the case when the strain-displacement and velocity-displacement relations are nonlinear up to the second order. It is shown that the cost of generation of such equations is proportional to the fourth power of the number of degrees of freedom. A computer program is written to automatically generate the equations for the case of spinning cantilevers with initial imperfections. The types and the number of the coordinate functions used in the trial solution are parameters of the program.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Simple mixed models are developed for use in the geometrically nonlinear analysis of deep arches. A total Lagrangian description of the arch deformation is used, the analytical formulation being based on a form of the nonlinear deep arch theory with the effects of transverse shear deformation included. The fundamental unknowns comprise the six internal forces and generalized displacements of the arch, and the element characteristic arrays are obtained by using Hellinger-Reissner mixed variational principle. The polynomial interpolation functions employed in approximating the forces are one degree lower than those used in approximating the displacements, and the forces are discontinuous at the interelement boundaries. Attention is given to the equivalence between the mixed models developed herein and displacement models based on reduced integration of both the transverse shear and extensional energy terms. The advantages of mixed models over equivalent displacement models are summarized. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the high accuracy and effectiveness of the mixed models developed and to permit a comparison of their performance with that of other mixed models reported in the literature.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering; 17; Apr. 198
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A Galerkin finite element method for the spatial discretization of the nonlinear, nonselfadjoint, partial differential equations governing rotary-wing aeroelasticity is presented. This method reduces algebraic manipulative labor significantly when compared to the global Galerkin method based on assumed modes. Furthermore, the Galerkin finite element method is ideally suited to treat rotor blades with discontinuous mass and stiffness distribution and structurally redundant configurations as they appear in bearingless rotors. Implementation of the method is illustrated for the coupled flap-lag aeroelastic problem of hingeless rotor blades in hover and forward flight. Numerical results for stability and response illustrate the numerical properties and convergence behavior of the method. It is concluded that the Galerkin finite element method is a practical tool for solving rotary-wing aeroelastic stability and response problems.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A survey is presented of recently published papers in the field of optimum structural design of plates, largely with respect to the minimum-weight design of plates subject to such constraints as fundamental frequency maximization. It is shown that, due to the availability of powerful computers, the trend in optimum plate design is away from methods tailored to specific geometry and loads and toward methods that can be easily programmed for any kind of plate, such as finite element methods. A corresponding shift is seen in optimization from variational techniques to numerical optimization algorithms. Among the topics covered are fully stressed design and optimality criteria, mathematical programming, smooth and ribbed designs, design against plastic collapse, buckling constraints, and vibration constraints.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 19; Apr. 198
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  • 56
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The vibration and buckling of a double wedge square cantilever plate has been investigated. It is shown that the free vibration modes, which occur at Delta T ref = 0, transition into the buckled modes which occur at Delta T ref = Delta T ref-cr for the respective mode. Delta T ref-cr for a particular mode is defined as the magnitude of thermal load at which the frequency of the particular mode vanishes. The analysis yields the same number of buckling eigenvalues and buckling modes as there are vibration eigenvalues and vibration modes. Gradual application of the load in the analysis permits the change in each vibration frequency of interest and its associated mode to be followed up to the load at which the frequency of the mode becomes zero. This constitutes the limit of linear theory. As the load is increased, the thin edges of the plate begin to deform during vibration. This local deformation, which begins in the vibration mode, is shown to transition into the phenomena of local edge buckling at Delta T ref-cr for the mode.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 25; Mar. 198
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The structural, manufacturing, and service and environmental considerations that could impact the design of composite fuselage structure for commercial transport aircraft application were explored. The severity of these considerations was assessed and the principal design drivers delineated. Technical issues and potential problem areas which must be resolved before sufficient confidence is established to commit to composite materials were defined. The key issues considered are: definition of composite fuselage design specifications, damage tolerance, and crashworthiness.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-159296 , LR-29540
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An approximate solution was obtained for a cylindrical shell containing a part-through surface crack. It was assumed that the shell contains a circumferential or axial semi-elliptic internal or external surface crack and was subjected to a uniform membrane loading or a uniform bending moment away from the crack region. A Reissner type theory was used to account for the effects of the transverse shear deformations. The stress intensity factor at the deepest penetration point of the crack was tabulated for bending and membrane loading by varying three dimensionless length parameters of the problem formed from the shell radius, the shell thickness, the crack length, and the crack depth. The upper bounds of the stress intensity factors are provided by the results of the elasticity solution obtained from the axisymmetric crack problem for the circumferential crack, and that found from the plane strain problem for a circular ring having a radial crack for the axial crack. The line-spring model gives the expected results in comparison with the elasticity solutions. Results also compare well with the existing finite element solution of the pressurized cylinder containing an internal semi-elliptic surface crack.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-164058
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A 0.61 x 1.22 m (2 x 4 ft) test panel was fabricated and delivered to the Langley Research Center for assessment of the thermal and structural features of the optimized panel design. The panel concept incorporated an aluminum alloy surface panel actively cooled by a network of discrete, parallel, redundant, counterflow passage interconnected with appropriate manifolding, and assembled by adhesive bonding. The cooled skin was stiffened with a mechanically fastened conventional substructure of stringers and frames. A 40 water/60 glycol solution was the coolant. Low pressure leak testing, radiography, holography and infrared scanning were applied at various stages of fabrication to assess integrity and uniformity. By nondestructively inspecting selected specimens which were subsequently tested to destruction, it was possible to refine inspection standards as applied to this cooled panel design.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-3403 , REPT-7430-927001
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Strength data, creep data and residual strength data after cyclic thermal exposure were obtained at temperatures from 78 K to 1144 K (-320 F to 1600 F). The influences of face thickness, core depth, core gage, cell size and thermal/stress exposure conditions on the mechanical design properties were investigated. A braze alloy and process was developed that is adequate to fully develop the strength of the honeycomb core while simultaneously solution treating and aging the Rene 41 fact sheets. New test procedures and test specimen configurations were developed to avoid excessive thermal stresses during cyclic thermal exposure.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-3382 , D180-26187-1
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Exact relations are derived for a simple bond-snapping model of fracture and numerical results from a previous work are presented. A lattice model with a nonlinear cohesive force law is then considered. In both cases, the results confirm the equivalence of the microscopic and macroscopic Griffith conditions. The Griffith stress intensity is to be identified with the quiescent stress intensity.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Journal of Fracture; 17; June 198
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-165671 , LMSC-D633873
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The general plane strain problem of adhesively bonded structures consisting of two different, orthotropic adherends is considered, under the assumption that adherend thicknesses are constant and small in relation to the lateral dimensions of the bonded region, so that they may be treated as plates. The problem is reduced to a system of differential equations for the adhesive stresses which is solved in closed form, with a single lap joint and a stiffened plate under various loading conditions being considered as examples. It is found that the plate theory used in the analysis not only predicts the correct trend for adhesive stresses but gives surprisingly accurate results, the solution being obtained by assuming linear stress-strain relations for the adhesive.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Composite Materials; 15; May 1981
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: When low speed objects impact composite laminated plates delamination may result. Under inplane compression such delaminations may buckle and tend to enlarge the delaminated area which can lead to loss of global plate stability. This process is modelled here in a first attempt by a delaminating beam-column wherein the local delamination growth, stability and arrest are governed by a fracture mechanics-based energy release rate criterion.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Journal of Solids and Structures; 17; 11, 1; 1981
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The problem of stress wave generation in a linear thermoelastic solid by a pulsed magnetic field is investigated both analytically and experimentally for a cylindrically symmetric conducting solid. A dynamic response analysis is developed to correlate magnetic, thermal, and stress fields in the solid with the time history of the electric current. In the experiment, a transient magnetic field was applied normal to a large conducting plate with a circular hole. Initially the field was confined to the interior of the circular hole. The field was generated by discharging a large capacitor bank through a solenoidal coil. The plane-stress cylindrical stress waves are 1-D in nature. The relative effects of the magnetic body force and thermoelastic stresses, both generated by the electromagnetic field, are assessed.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Journal of Solids and Structures; 17; 11, 1; 1981
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  • 66
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Status and some recent developments in the application of reduction methods to nonlinear structural mechanics problems are summarized. The aspects of reduction methods discussed herein include: (1) selection of basis vectors in nonlinear static and dynamic problems, (2) application of reduction methods in nonlinear static analysis of structures subjected to prescribed edge displacements, and (3) use of reduction methods in conjunction with mixed finite element models. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of reduction methods in nonlinear problems. Also, a number of research areas which have high potential for application of reduction methods are identified.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A finite element was developed which adequately represents the state of stress in the region around a circular hole in orthotropic material experiencing reasonably general loading. This was achieved with a complementary virtual work formulation of the stiffness and stress matrices for a square element with center circular hole. The assumed stress state provides zero shearing stress on the hole boundary, so the element is suitable for problems involving load transfer without friction. The element has been implemented in the NASTRAN computer program, and sample problem results are presented.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-165759 , LG81ER0159
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The structural response to a given environment is described by the differential equations of motion of deformable bodies. Analytic solutions of such problems for a reasonably large class of structural configurations are not within the realm of the possible. Consequently, the mathematical problem is recast into a numerical problem for solution on the computer. New technology in the space and energy fields led to a growing demand for accurate analysis which at times cannot be met due to the limits set by available budgets for computer time. In response to this need for more efficient numerical analysis, the possibilities of reducing the number of freedoms in the system through a revival of the global function approach were explored.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-165669
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The room temperature fatigue behavior of 0.41-cm (0.16-in) thick strain-isolation-pad (SIP) material was explored in a series of constant- and random-amplitude loading tests. The SIP material is used on the Space Shuttle to isolate the ceramic insulating tiles from the strains and deflections of the aluminum alloy airframe. In all tests, 12.7 by 12.7 cm (5.0 by 5.0 in) SIP specimens were subjected to tension-tension loading in the through-the-thickness direction at a frequency of 10 Hz. When subjected to cyclic loading, the SIP material exhibited a monotonic increase in thickness and a monotonic increase in tensile tangent moduli. The rate of thickness growth increased with increasing test stress level and decreased with increasing number cycles endured. Power law equations were found to provide a good representation of the thickness growth rate data. Tensile tangent moduli increased by as much as 80 percent during fatigue tests. Simple cumulative damage fatigue models predicted the mean thickness growth under random-amplitude loading with reasonable accuracy (factor of 2 on life).
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TM-83183
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Thermal expansion data for several composite materials, including generic epoxy resins, various graphite, boron, and glass fibers, and unidirectional and woven fabric composites in an epoxy matrix, were compiled. A discussion of the design, material, environmental, and fabrication properties affecting thermal expansion behavior is presented. Test methods and their accuracy are discussed. Analytical approaches to predict laminate coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) based on lamination theory and micromechanics are also included. A discussion is included of methods of tuning a laminate to obtain a near-zero CTE for space applications.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-165632
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Flight and wind tunnel tests were conducted and multidiscipline computer programs were developed as part of investigations of active control technology conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center. Unsteady aerodynamics approximation, optimal control theory, optimal controller design, and the Delta wing and DC-10 models are described. The drones for aerodynamics and structural testing (DAST program) for evaluating procedures for aerodynamic loads prediction and the design of active control systems on wings with significant aeroelastic effects is described as well as the DAST model used in the wind tunnel tests.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TM-83179
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Three methods of photoelastic analysis are examined. The first method is an extension of the oblique incidence technique in which the model (or the light beam) is rotated about one of the material symmetry axes. In the second method, transmission and reflection photoelastic responses are combined. The third method requires the drilling of small holes and the determination of the fringe orders at selected points on the hole boundary. The three methods are applied to an orthotropic circular disk under diametral compression. Results are compared with strain gage data.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-164689
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The basic assumption that a large space structure can be decoupled preceding the application of reduced order active control was considered and alternative solutions to the control of such structures (in contrast to the strict modal control) were investigated. The transfer function matrix from the actuators to the sensors was deemed to be a reasonable candidate. More refined models from multivariable systems theory were studied and recent results in the multivariable control field were compared with respect to theoretical deficiencies and likely problems in application to large space structures.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-164670
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  • 74
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The general problem of a shell containing a through crack in one of the principal planes of curvature and under general skew-symmetric loading is considered. By employing a Reissner type shell theory which takes into account the effect of transverse shear strains, all boundary conditions on the crack surfaces are satisfied separately. Consequently, unlike those obtained from the classical shell theory, the angular distributions of the stress components around the crack tips are shown to be identical to the distributions obtained from the plane and anti-plane elasticity solutions. Results are given for axially and circumferentially cracked cylindrical shells, spherical shells, and toroidal shells under uniform in-plane shearing, out of plane shearing, and torsion. The problem is formulated for specially orthostropic materials, therefore, the effect of orthotropy on the results is also studied.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A reduced basis technique and a problem-adaptive computational algorithm are presented for the bifurcation and post-buckling analysis of laminated anisotropic plates. The computational algorithm can be conveniently divided into three distinct stages. The first stage is that of determining the bifurcation point. The plate is discretized by using displacement finite element (or finite difference) models. The special symmetries exhibited by the response of the anisotropic plate are used to reduce the size of the analysis region. The vector of unknown nodal parameters is expressed as a linear combination of a small number of basis vectors, and a Rayleigh-Ritz technique is used to approximate the finite element equations by a small system of algebraic equations. The reduced equations are used to determine the bifurcation point and the associated eigenmode of the panel. In the second stage of the bifurcation buckling mode is used to obtain a nonlinear solution in the vicinity of the bifurcation point and new (updated) sets of basis vectors and reduced equations are generated. In the third stage the reduced equations are used to trace the post-buckling paths. The effectiveness of the proposed technique for predicting the bifurcation and post-buckling behavior of plates is demonstrated by means of numerical examples for plates loaded by means of prescribed edge displacements.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A cantilevered, shallow shell of circular cylindrical curvature and rectangular planform exhibits free vibration behavior which differs considerably from that of a cantilevered beam or of a flat plate. Some numerical results can be found for the problem in the previously published literature, mainly obtained by using various finite element methods. The present paper is the first definitive study of the problem, presenting accurate non-dimensional frequency parameters for wide ranges of aspect ratio, shallowness ratio and thickness ratio. The analysis is based upon shallow shell theory. Numerical results are obtained by using the Ritz method, with algebraic polynomial trial functions for the displacements. Convergence is investigated, with attention being given both to the number of terms taken for each co-ordinate direction and for each of the three components of displacement. Accuracy of the results is also established by comparison with finite element results for shallow shells and with other accurate flat plate solutions.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 78; Oct. 8
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A quasi-three-dimensional finite-element analysis was used to analyze the edge-stress problem in four-ply, composite laminates. The seven laminates that were considered belong to the laminate family where the outer ply angle is between 0 and 90 deg. Systematic convergence studies were made to explore the existence of stress singularities near the free edge. The present analysis appears to confirm the existence of stress singularities at the intersection of the interface and the free edge. The power of the stress singularity was the same for all seven laminates considered.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Computers and Structures; 14; 1-2,; 1981
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A rigorous mathematical model was obtained for the boundary-layer free-edge stress singularity in angleplied and crossplied fiber composite laminates. The solution was obtained using a method consisting of complex-variable stress function potentials and eigenfunction expansions. The required order of the boundary-layer stress singularity is determined by solving the transcendental characteristic equation obtained from the homogeneous solution of the partial differential equations. Numerical results obtained show that the boundary-layer stress singularity depends only upon material elastic constants and fiber orientation of the adjacent plies. For angleplied and crossplied laminates the order of the singularity is weak in general.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-165440 , NAS 1.26:165440
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An analytical method is developed for cracks emanating from a circular hole in an off-axis unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite. The method which is formulated by using conservation laws of elasticity and fundamental relationships in anisotropic fracture mechanics, provides a convenient and accurate means to examine the complicated crack behavior, when used in conjunction with a suitable numerical scheme such as the finite element method. The formulation is eventually reduced to a system of linear algebraic equations of mixed-mode stress intensity factors. Fracture parameters, describing crack-tip deformation and fracture in the composite, are obtained explicitly. Effects of material anisotropy and crack/hole geometry are examined also. Of particular interest are the energy release rates associated with crack extension; their values are evaluated for various cases. Results show that mixed-mode stress intensity factors and energy release rates associated with the cracks emanating from a hole change very appreciably with fiber orientation in the composite. K sub 1 and G increase monotonically with increasing theta; but K sub 2 reaches its maximum at theta = 45 deg, and then decreases gradually as theta increases further.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-165433 , NAS 1.26:165433
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  • 80
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In this paper an adhesively bonded lap joint is analyzed by assuming that the adherends are elastic and the adhesive is linearly viscoelastic. After formulating the general problem a specific example for two identical adherends bonded through a three parameter viscoelastic solid adhesive is considered. The standard Laplace transform technique is used to solve the problem. The stress distribution in the adhesive layer is calculated for three different external loads namely, membrane loading, bending, and transverse shear loading. The results indicate that the peak value of the normal stress in the adhesive is not only consistently higher than the corresponding shear stress but also decays slower.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ASME Transactions; vol. 48
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  • 81
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Techniques for computing the sensitivity of temperatures to changes in design variables needed for designing thermal protection systems are considered. It is shown that the choice of the most efficient technique depends on the ratio of number of temperature constraints to the number of design variables, as well as on the thermal analysis method employed. The analysis is specialized to the case of a structure modeled by finite elements, and an example of an insulation panel is used to demonstrate the techniques.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering; 17; Jan. 198
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The effect of load eccentricity and substructure deformation on the ultimate strength and stress displacement properties of the shuttle orbiter thermal protection system (TPS) was determined. The LI-900 Reusable Surface Insulation (RSI) tiles mounted on the .41 cm thick Strain Isolator Pad (SIP) were investigated. Substructure deformations reduce the ultimate strength of the SIP/tile TPS and increase the scatter in the ultimate strength data. Substructure deformations that occur unsymmetric to the tile can cause the tile to rotate when subjected to a uniform applied load. Load eccentricity reduces SIP/tile TPS ultimate strength and causes tile rotation.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TM-83182
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The need for a structural dynamics verification facility to support structures programs was studied. Most of the industry operated facilities are used for highly focused research, component development, and problem solving, and are not used for the generic understanding of the coupled dynamic response of major engine subsystems. Capabilities for the proposed facility include: the ability to both excite and measure coupled structural dynamic response of elastic blades on elastic shafting, the mechanical simulation of various dynamical loadings representative of those seen in operating engines, and the measurement of engine dynamic deflections and interface forces caused by alternative engine mounting configurations and compliances.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TM-82675 , E-958
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An elastic half plane containing a crack and stiffened by a cover plate is discussed. The asymptotic nature of the stress state in the half plane around an end point of the stiffener to determine the likely orientation of a possible fracture initiation and growth was studied. The problem is formulated for an arbitrary oriented radial crack in a system of singular integral equations. For an internal crack and for an edge crack, the problem is solved and the stress intensity factors at the crack tips and the interface stress are calculated. A cracked half plane with two symmetrically located cover plates is also considered. It is concluded that the case of two stiffeners appears to be more severe than that of a single stiffener.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-165776
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The shear buckling analyses used in PASCO are summarized. The PASCO analyses include the basic VIPASA analysis, which is essentially exact for longitudinal and transverse loads, and a smeared orthotropic solution which was added to alleviate a shortcoming in the VIPASA analysis. Buckling results are presented for six stiffened panels loaded by combinations of longitudinal compression and shear. The buckling results were obtained with the PASCO, EAL, and STAGS computer programs. The EAL and STAGS solutions were obtained with a fine finite element mesh and provide calculations for the entire range of combinations of longitudinal compression and shear loadings.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TM-83194
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Two tests of undensified Space Shuttle thermal protection tiles under combined static and dynamic loads were conducted. The tiles had a density of approximately 144 Kg/cum (LI900 tiles) and were mounted on a strain isolation pad which was 0.41 cm (.160 inch) thick. A combined static and dynamic mission stress histogram representative of the W-3 area of the wing of the orbiter vehicle was applied. The stress histogram was provided by the space shuttle project. Results presented include: tabulation of measured peak and root-mean-square (RMS) accelerations in both compression and tension; peak SIP stress in compression and tension, peak and RMS amplitude response ratios; lateral to vertical response ratios; response time histories; peak stress distributions (histograms), and SIP extension measured both with and without static tension at various mission times.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TM-83148
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: User documentation is presented for a computer program which considers the nonlinear properties of the strain isolator pad (SIP) in the static stress analysis of the shuttle thermal protection system. This program is generalized to handle an arbitrary SIP footprint including cutouts for instrumentation and filler bar. Multiple SIP surfaces are defined to model tiles in unique locations such as leading edges, intersections, and penetrations. The nonlinearity of the SIP is characterized by experimental stress displacement data for both normal and shear behavior. Stresses in the SIP are calculated using a Newton iteration procedure to determine the six rigid body displacements of the tile which develop reaction forces in the SIP to equilibrate the externally applied loads. This user documentation gives an overview of the analysis capabilities, a detailed description of required input data and an example to illustrate use of the program.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TM-81856
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The objectives, expected results, approach, and FY 81 milestones for the Structures and Dynamics Division's research program are presented. This information will be useful in program coordination with other government organizations in areas of mutual interest.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TM-83137
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  • 89
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Light absorbing ultra-thin films mounted under a fixed strain exhibit the behavior of an optomechanicalor photomechanical transducer. The transducer responds to light in a quick and reversible manner converting a time-variable light source into a time-variable mechanical stress easily monitored by a device such as a strain gage.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Selected mechanical properties of 18 x 5.5 and 49 x 17 size, type 7 aircraft tires were evaluated. The tires were subjected to pure vertical loads and to combined vertical and lateral loads under both static and rolling conditions. Parameters for the static tests consisted of tire load in the vertical and lateral directions, and parameters for the rolling tests included tire vertical load, yaw angle, and ground speed. Effects of each of these parameters on the measured tire characteristics are discussed and, where possible, compared with previous work. Results indicate that dynamic tire properties under investigation were generally insensitive to speed variations and therefore tend to support the conclusion that many tire dynamic characteristics can be obtained from static and low speed rolling tests. Furthermore, many of the tire mechanical properties are in good agreement with empirical predictions based on earlier research.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TP-1863 , L-14125
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: With the interpretation of isochromatic and isoclinic fringes in transparent, birefringent, orthotropic composites established, efforts were in progress to determine the individual values of the principal stresses or strains. Several methods utilize the photoelastic results only partially and rely on numerical procedures. Others attempt to obtain the required information based entirely on experimental data. The classical oblique incidence technique as applied to transversely isotropic birefringent composites, is presented. The proposed extension is verified by applying it to the problem of an orthotropic half-plane subjected to an edge-load.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-164334
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Starting with the basic fatigue lift formula, an inversion formula is derived. The inversion formula is valid over the entire life range of engineering interest for all materials examined. Conformity between the two equations is extremely close, suitable for all engineering problems. The approach used to invert the life relation is also suitable for the inversion of other formulas involving the sum of two power-law terms.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-165347
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  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A lubricant is any substance that is used to reduce friction and wear and to provide smooth running and a satisfactory life for machine components. Lubrication fundamentals are discussed and the various lubrication mechanisms are defined. These include: hydrodynamic, elastohydrodynamic, mixed, boundary, and extreme pressure. Before the various lubrication mechanisms are presented, it is desirable to define conformal and nonconformal surfaces.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TM-81762 , E-825
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Pretreated and primed Ti 6-4 surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (SEM/EDAX) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Fractured lap shear bonded Ti 6-4 specimens were also characterized by SEM/EDAX and ESCA. A number of surface techniques were used to characterize Ti02 powders.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-164229
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The computerized form of the minimum commitment method of interpolating and extrapolating stress versus time to failure data, MEGA16, is described. Examples are given of its many plots and tabular outputs for a typical set of data. The program assumes a specific model equation and then provides a family of predicted isothermals for any set of data with at least 12 stress-rupture results from three different temperatures spread over reasonable stress and time ranges. It is written in FORTRAN 4 using IBM plotting subroutines and its runs on an IBM 370 time sharing system.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TP-1809 , E-495
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Framework for analysis and optimization problems (FRANOPP) is a software aid for the study and solution of design (optimization) problems which provides the driving program and plotting capability for a user generated programming system. In addition to FRANOPP, the programming system also contains the optimization code CONMIN, and two user supplied codes, one for analysis and one for output. With FRANOPP the user is provided with five options for studying a design problem. Three of the options utilize the plot capability and present an indepth study of the design problem. The study can be focused on a history of the optimization process or on the interaction of variables within the design problem.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-165653
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A computer code denoted PASCO is described for analyzing and sizing uniaxially stiffened composite panels. Buckling and vibration analyses are carried out with a linked plate analysis computer code denoted VIPASA, which is included in PASCO. Sizing is based on nonlinear mathematical programming techniques and employs a computer code denoted CONMIN, also included in PASCO. Design requirements considered are initial buckling, material strength, stiffness and vibration frequency. A user's manual for PASCO is presented.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TM-80182 , NAS 1.15:80182
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An extemely lightweight type of precision reflector antenna, being developed for potential deployment from the space shuttle, uses electrostatic forces to tension a thin membrane and form it into a concave reflector surface. The typical shuttle-deployed antenna would have a diameter of 100 meters and an RMS surface smoothness of 10 to 1 mm for operation at 1 to 10 GHz. NASA Langley Research Center built and is currently testing a subscale (16 foot diameter) model of the membrane reflector portion of such an antenna. Preliminary test results and principal factors affecting surface quality are addressed. Factors included are the effect of the perimeter boundary, splicing of the membrane, the long-scale smoothness of commercial membranes, and the spatial controllability of the membrane using voltage adjustments to alter the electrostatic pressure. Only readily available commercial membranes are considered.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-165792 , CR-2-998
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An improved transverse shear deformation theory for laminated anisotropic plates under bending is presented. The theory eliminates the need for an arbitrarily chosen shear correction factor. For a general laminate with coupled bending and stretching, the constitutive equations connecting resultants with average displacements and rotations are derived. Simplified forms of these relations are also obtained for the special case of a symmetric laminate with uncoupled bending. The governing equation for this special case is obtained as a sixth-order equation for the normal displacement requiring prescription of the three physically natural bounday conditions along each edge. For the limiting case of isotropy, the present theory reduces to an improved version of Mindlin's theory. Numerical results are obtained from the present theory for an example of a laminated plate under cylindrical bending. Comparison with results from exact three-dimensional analysis shows that the present theory is more accurate than other theories of equivalent order.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-TP-1903 , L-14533
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The proposed modal test program differs from single-input methods in that preliminary data may be acquired using multiple inputs, and modal tuning procedures may be employed to define closely spaced frquency modes more accurately or to make use of frequency response functions (FRF's) which are based on several input locations. In some respects the proposed modal test proram resembles earlier sine-sweep and sine-dwell testing in that broadband FRF's are acquired using several input locations, and tuning is employed to refine the modal parameter estimates. The major tasks performed in the proposed modal test program are outlined. Data acquisition and FFT processing, curve fitting, and modal tuning phases are described and examples are given to illustrate and evaluate them.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-161886 , CAR-81-1
    Format: application/pdf
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