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  • Articles  (680)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (680)
  • Institute of Physics
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969  (680)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1966  (310)
  • 1965  (370)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (680)
Collection
  • Articles  (680)
Source
Publisher
Years
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969  (680)
  • 1925-1929
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECT OF POTASSIUM ON ESTABLISHMENT AND SEEDLING VIGOUR (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A permanent pasture was ploughed, 5 rates of potassium were incorporated in the seed-bed and a timothy/white-clover seed mixture was sown direct without a companion crop. Plant counts were taken during the fourth week of establishment. The highest rate of potash increased the size and number of timothy/white-clover plants considerably, without altering the timothy/white-clover ratio. Half the plots were cut once during the seeding year and the other half twice. Increasing rates of K increased dry-matter yields, particularly on the plots cut 7 weeks after sowing. Botanical analysis in the following year showed that, under both cutting systems, increasing rates of K tended to increase the proportion of white clover and decrease that of unsown species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00433.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BOOK REVIEWS (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Book reviewed in this artilce:THRAN, P.; BROEKHUIZEN, S. Agro-ecological atlas of cereal growing in EuropeTHE READER'S DIGEST ASSOC. [Ed.] Complete atlas of the British IslesM. A.F. F. At the Farmer's service.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00438.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A COMPARISON OF NUTRIENT LOSSES IN BALED HAY MADE FROM FORAGE-HARVESTED, CRIMPED OR TEDDED SWARDS WITH THOSE IN BARN-DRYING (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two experiments were conducted to study the effect on nutrient loss and feeding value of making hay by different means, using a barn-drier, a forage-harvester, a crimper and conventional tedding. Both forage-harvesting and crimping of the herbage significantly increased the rate of drying, compared with tedding alone. In Exp. 2 this effect enabled the crimped and forage-harvested hays to be baled for storage 3 days earlier than the tedded hay. The use of the forage-harvester significantly reduced the yield of herbage compared with conventional mowing. Nutrient losses from cutting until storage were highest for the forage-harvested hays, the loss of dry matter between cutting and storage in the forage-harvested hays being 39·9 and 19·3%, respectively, in Expt 1 and 2 with corresponding losses in the conventionally made hays of 7·1% and 9·3%. Crimping the hay resulted in higher nutrient losses than tedding. In Expt 2 there was a loss of dry matter of 17·5% in the conventionally made hay during an 18-week storage period, compared with 3·6% in barn-dried hay, 10·8% in forage-harvested hay and 8·8% in crimped hay.In Expt 2, in which digestibility determinations were made, conservation decreased the total digestible nutrients and starch equivalent in all treatments. The use of the barn-drier gave the most efficient conservation of total digestible nutrients, followed by the crimped, forage-harvested and conventional treatments in that order. The starch equivalent values of hays made from the same sward were 43·0 when barn-dried, 39·8 when crimped, 38·6 after forage-harvesting and 31·6 after tedding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00413.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECT OF SEED SIZE ON EARLY GROWTH OF DIPLOID AND TETRAPLOIE ITALIAN RYEGRASS (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two different sizes of seed of a tetraploid and a diploid Italian ryegrass were sown in pure stands. Harvests were made at frequent intervals from 14 to 54 days after sowing, the root-and shoot-yields and numbers of leaves and tillers being recorded at each harvest. The results suggest that seed size per se has little influence on leaf- and tiller-numbers and that large seed increases yield potential only during the first few weeks of growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00421.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    THE ASSESSMENT OF UTILIZED-STARCH-EQUIVALENT (U. S.E.) OUTPUT FROM FARM GRASSLAND BY THE FARM-RECORDING METHOD (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In a survey in the West of Scotland, utilized-starch-equivalent (U. S.E.) outputs from the grassland of 67 farms, mainly dairy farms, and 9 hill-grazing units associated with them, were assessed by the farm-recording method. The limitations and possibilities of the method are discussed. The results obtained were above average, but the farms were a selected group. The wide range of U. S.E. outputs from farms of similar type indicates the scope for improvement on farms with low levels of output. The need for more surveys to clarify existing production levels on commercial farms is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00400.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTS OF FLAKED MAIZE ON THE DIGESTIBILITY BY STEERS OF SILAGE, FRESH LUCERNE AND LUCERNE HAY (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Three experiments examine the effects of giving small supplements of flaked maize to steers on the digestibility and retention of nutrients from rations of grass silage, lucerne hay and fresh lucerne. The digestibility of the dry matter, crude fibre and crude protein of the silage ration was depressed by the successive additions of 1, 2 or 3 Ib flaked maize per day. There was a tendency for the steers to retain more nitrogen as the level of starch supplementation increased, in spite of a lowered crude-protein digestibility. The digestibilities of the constituents of lucerne hay and fresh lucerne were slightly increased by the addition of 2 and 4 Ib flaked maize per day. The reasons are discussed for the different effect of the supplemental starch on the digestibility of the crude fibre from grass silage and from fresh or cured lucerne. Attention is drawn to the increase in the retention of N following the supplementation of silage with starch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00404.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    A COMPARISON OF THE REACTION OF DIFFERENT GRASS SPECIES TO FERTILIZER NITROGEN AND TO GROWTH IN ASSOCIATION WITH WHITE CLOVER (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Seven species or varieties of grass, and a mixture of 3 of them, were sown in pure swards and treated with 4 levels of nitrogenous fertilizer (0,17·5, 35 and 70lb N per acre per cut). Each species, and the mixture, was also sown with white clover. The experiment was cut 4 or 5 times per year. The effect of fertilizer on the yield of each grass was compared with the effect of clover on the yield of the grass/clover swards. Mean annual yields showed an approximately linear response to N; there was a small but significant fall in response to the highest level of N. Response among the species ranged from 20 to 30 Ib of dry matter per Ib N applied for the intermediate level of fertilizer and from 14 to 23 Ib for the final increment of fertilizer.S37 cocksfoot, S48 timothy, S24 ryegrass, and a mixture of these grasses, were high yielding and responded well to fertilizer N; Irish ryegrass and Agrostis tenuis were less productive and gave poorer responses to N. S215 meadow fescue and S23 ryegrass were intermediate in yield and response.There were no significant differences between the annual yields of the 8 grass/clover mixtures; the yields of the grass and clover components of each mixture were inversely related. The effect of clover on the yield of the grass/clover mixtures was estimated to be equivalent to the effect of an annual application of 205 lb N per acre to Agrostis tenuis and 120 lb N to S48 timothy. The fluctuations in annual yields were greater with grass/ clover mixtures than with grass swards receiving N.The yields of grasses when sown with clover were in similar order to their yields when sown pure; but whereas the latter tended to fall from year to year, the yields of the grass components of mixtures (except Irish ryegrass) did not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00423.x
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  • 8
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    THE NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS GROWN AT HIGH ALTITUDES IN KENYA (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects were studied of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the production of perennial ryegrass at high altitudes in Kenya. N had little influence on production during establishment but increased it markedly during the second and third years. The effect of P was less and was related to the amount of N applied. The response to applied N in terms of dry matter production, and the recovery of the N applied, compared favourably with data from trials elsewhere. It is apparent from the results that temperate grasses can be productive at high altitudes in Kenya and provide a considerable potential for pasture production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00476.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WHITE CLOVER AND HILL LAND IMPROVEMENT (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: As a preliminary step in the development of improved bred varieties an examination has been made of the factors which contribute to the success or failure of white clover (Trifolium repens) in hill land reseeding. Severe restrictions are placed on clover performance and N fixation in many hill areas in Britain by the poor climate, the low pH and exchangeable base status of the soils and the low frequency of effective indigenous Rhizobium strains.Agronomic solutions to some of these problems exist, but experience in mid-Wales suggests the need for new bred varieties with improved adaptation to the prevailing conditions, particular attention being directed to the limitation of N fixation by low soil temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00477.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SELECTION FOR SEED RETENTION IN S48 AND S51 TIMOTHY (PHLEUM PRATENSE L.) (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Seed shedding was studied in 50 clones each of S5I and S48 timothy during 1961–3. Some clones retained on average during 2 or 3 seasons from 80–90% of their maximum seed weight until 42 days after peak anthesis; this was up to 28% above the varietal mean. The results suggest that clones which retain their seed also produce high yields of seed and of dry matter; they can also be easily threshed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00410.x
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    GRASS GROWTH IN MIDSUMMER (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: It has been found that the rate of herbage production from perennial grass swards, cut at a stage suitable for grazing, is lower in midsummer than in late spring. This occurs even with an abundant supply of water and fertilizer. The growth rate of green material was measured in swards differing in leaf area and light interception, Results did not suggest that higher growth rates could be obtained by attention to this relationship. Examination of the tiller population of grass swards showed that, in summer, herbage yields from cocksfoot and timothy were correlated with the average tiller size. This was not so in either of 2 varieties of perennial ryegrass. During May, June and July there were changes in the erectness of the swards as measured by the proportion of the crop which could be harvested with a mowing machine. This proportion was maximal when the highest rates of production of herbage were recorded. The importance is discussed of the change from a phase when mature tillers are forming inflorescences to one when herbage is derived from young, vegetative tillers formed in the same summer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00391.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    THE EFFECT OF LENGTH OF SILAGE ON ITS VOLUNTARY INTAKE BY CATTLE (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Trials are described in which the intake of silage of varying length was determined. The results indicate that a higher voluntary dry-matter intake occurred as the length of the silage became progressively shorter, but this effect appeared to diminish when the silages were supplemented with concentrates. Data from one trial indicate that reducing the length of hay had no effect on voluntary intake when concentrates were fed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00396.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZER NITROGEN AND FREQUENCY OF DEFOLIATION ON YIELD OF GRASSLAND HERBAGE (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of 4 levels of applied nitrogen, ranging from nil to a maximum of 417 lb N/ acre/annum, in all combinations with 3 frequencies of defoliation, ranging from 2 to a maximum of 10 cuts per annum, on herbage production from a perennial ryegrass/ timothy/meadow fescue/white clover sward were measured. These treatments were operative for 2J years, and in a subsequent year the residual effect of cutting frequency was tested. Dry-matter yields of total herbage and of the clover fraction are quoted, together with N yields of total herbage. Yield response to N was higher than in some other experiments in the U. K. Cutting frequency had a very large effect and, in general, the longer the interval between cuts, the higher was the dry-matter (though not the N) yield. There was a marked interaction between cutting frequency and level of N: at the high cutting frequency, dry-matter yield increased linearly with increasing level of N; at the medium frequency, response tended to fall off at the highest level of N; at the low frequency, yield declined with increasing level of N beyond 139 lb N per acre per anum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00393.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    THE DIGESTIBILITY AND PALATAB1LITY OF HIGH-MOISTURE LEGUME SILAGES WITH DIFFERENT CHEMICAL ADDITIVES (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of wilting and of various chemical additives on the digestibility and palatability of wet legume silages are reported. These silages showed most of the characteristics associated with the ensiling of wet herbage with a low content of soluble carbohydrate. Digestibility of all silages by wether lambs was low and exhibited little difference that might be attributed to the treatments. The untreated silage or the one sprayed with valeric/isovaleric acid, just before feeding, were more palatable to dairy heifers. Silage consumption was sharply reduced when urea was added during ensiling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00397.x
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  • 15
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    REMOVAL OF THE EFFECTS OF UNEVEN GRAZING IN PASTURE EXPERIMENTS (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment is described in which uneven grazing by sheep introduced a bias in a white clover variety trial. The data were adjusted by covariance, using as the independent variable the position of the plots within the paddocks.Attention is drawn to the errors that may result from uneven grazing and a comparison is made with errors due to transference of fertility. Means of avoiding similar occurrences are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00484.x
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  • 16
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    THE EFFECT OF INTENSIVE SHEEP STOCKING OVER A FIVE-YEAR PERIOD ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF THE SWARD (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In a sward sown to Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens measurements were made of the yield and quality of dry matter which was on offer for grazing, or for cutting to be ensiled. In order to follow, within a system of fat lamb production, the potential for an increase or decrease in the DM yield from year to year, a record was also required of the amount of this DM which was eaten by the grazing sheep. The results show that in grazed swards at 2 stocking rates the DM of the sward present per unit area increased during the course of the experiment. This increase, however, was not harvested by the animals. A great deal more DM was harvested in the first year by the animals at the lower stocking rate than was harvested in the following years at this rate or in any year at the higher rate of stocking. There was a greater difference between the values for the digestibility of organic-matter immediately before grazing and those immediately afterwards in the first year at the lower stocking rate than in the following years, or in any year at the higher rate of stocking. In cut swards there was no evidence of a progressive decrease in production from year to year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00488.x
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  • 17
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Book reviewed in the article:EXPERIMENTAL HUSBANDRY FARMS AND EXPERIMENTAL HORTICULTURE STATIONSBURG P. F. J. van, ARNOLD, G. H. [Eds] Nitrogen and grassland
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00492.x
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  • 18
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    THE EFFECT OF CUTTING TIMOTHY (PHLEUM PRATENSE L.) GROWN FOR PRODUCTION OF SEED (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment is described in which timothy, grown for production of seed, was cut once annually on dates ranging from 23 October to 24 May. New tillers in selected plants were labelled at monthly intervals during autumn and winter for 2 years, to determine the pattern of production of tillers and to assess the reproductive development of categories of tillers. The majority of tillers were produced in autumn, but production was continuous throughout the winter. There was a big increase from the first to the second year in the total number of tillers produced, but neither the pattern nor amount of tiller production was affected by cutting. The % of fertile tillers was highest in the oldest tillers, and was affected little by the increase in the number of tillers from the first to the second year; cutting had little effect on the % fertility except where floral primordia were removed by the cut on 24 May. In all treatments at least 90% of the ears at harvest were produced by tillers initiated the previous autumn. The penetration of light to the base of the plants was increased considerably by cutting, but it is concluded that interception of light by the whole plant is more beneficial than an increase in the penetration of light into the plant and a concomitant reduction in the total interception of light by the plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00474.x
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  • 19
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    THE USE OF LIGHT INTERCEPTION, GROSS MORPHOLOGY AND TIME AS CRITERIA FOR THE HARVESTING OF TIMOTHY, SMOOTH BROME AND COCKSFOOT (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment was designed to compare morphological development, light interception and time interval as possible criteria for the defoliation of timothy, brome-grass and cocksfoot. The morphological criterion included: (a) a first harvest before stem elongation and a second harvest after initiation of axillary bud development at the base of each tiller (b) a harvest immediately after stem elongation. Light was compared on the basis of 95 % and 80 % interception of the incident radiation by the foliage. Two-, 4- and 6-week intervals were used in the time series. Increased yields of up to 2600 lb DM/ac were obtained in timothy and bromegrass fertilized at 275 lb N/ac/yr when morphological treatment (a) was used in preference to (b); cocksfoot yields were not influenced. The greater the time interval between harvests or the greater the light interception before harvest, the greater was the yield. Advantages and disadvantages of the 3 criteria are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00478.x
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  • 20
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    THE NEED FOR A FRESH APPROACH TO THE PLACE AND PURPOSE OF THE LEY (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A crop physiologist's approach to some problems of grassland research, with particular reference to terminology and the sown sward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00457.x
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  • 21
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    THE EFFECT OF RELATING APPLICATIONS OF NITROGEN TO THE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF COCKSFOOT (DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L.) GROWN FOR PRODUCTION OF SEED (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment is described in which nitrogen was applied in relation to the physiological stage of development in cocksfoot grown for seed. All applications of N increased the yield of seed, but applying all the N during the phase of autumnal tillering was less effective than applying it at stages of development in spring (beginning of vernal growth, initiation of inflorescences, complete differentiation of inflorescences), or in autumn and spring, because of a decrease in the number of tillers which survived to flower in the following year. Differences due to the stage of development at which N was applied in spring were small. Primary effects of N were to increase the number of tillers and ears per plant, and to accelerate the rate of development of inflorescences; in addition, N advanced the date of initiation of inflorescences without similarly advancing the date of complete differentiation of inflorescences. It is concluded that a long period between the initiation and complete differentiation of the inflorescence is conducive to high yields of seed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00460.x
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    FERTILITY BUILDING UNDER GRASSES (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Experiments were conducted to analyse the effect of 3-year-old grass plots, under a cut-and-carry system, on the yields of maize and groundnut crops, and at the same time to compare the relative importance of the water-stable aggregates and the nitrogen status of the soil. The N reserves, organic carbon and water-stable aggregate contents of soils were higher under grass plots than in the ploughed-up-fallow plots. Maize yields showed a close correlation with total soil N, mineralized N after incubation for 20 days, and water-stable aggregate contents; groundnut yields showed close correlation only with water-stable aggregates. The effects of the variations in soil N and in the water-stable aggregate content of the soil on the yields of maize and groundnuts were examined by multiple regression analysis of data from a large number of plots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00465.x
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  • 23
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    THE SIGNIFICANCE OF VIRUS DISEASES FOR THE PRODUCTIVITY OF GRASSLAND (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effect of cocksfoot streak virus (CSV) on Dactylis glomerata L. and barley yellowdwarf virus (BYDV) on Lolium perenne L. was investigated under both single-plant and simulated-sward conditions. The effect of cocksfoot mottle (CFMV) was examined on single plants. CFMV was lethal, and in conditions of inter-plant competition CSV was semi-lethal and BYDV was non-lethal. When the virus was lethal, a considerable lag-phase was observed between mortality and complete compensation in yield. When the virus was non-lethal, plant growth was restricted, either horizontally (CSV) or vertically (BYDV). In mixed, healthy and infected plant populations healthy individuals compensated only for reductions in lateral growth.CSV infection transformed plants of a pasture variety into ‘hay’ types and BYDV infection transformed plants of a hay variety into ‘pasture’ types. CSV increased the plant's aggressiveness in hay conditions, but reduced its ability to withstand frequent defoliation. Conversely, BYDV increased the plant's aggressiveness in pasture conditions, but reduced it in hay conditions. Compensation from healthy plants occurred only in CSV-infected swards subjected to frequent defoliation. Some possible reasons for the absence of compensation in other treatments are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00458.x
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  • 24
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    FERTILIZERS AND SEED RATIOS FOR CONTROLLING LUCERNE DOMINATION IN MIXTURES (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Irrigated lucerne/grass mixtures were treated with annual applications of N-P fertilizers to determine the extent of control of lucerne domination. Eighty pounds of N with or without associated P sustained the grass components at an acceptable level and increased yields, which were constituted of 2 parts grass for each 3 parts of legume. Where no fertilizer, or P fertilizer only, was used the hay harvested was composed of only 1 part grass for each 8 or 9 parts of lucerne. Lucerne to grass seed-ratio manipulation did not influence botanical composition nor did it affect fertilizer influence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00461.x
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  • 25
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    THE ROUTINE DETERMINATION OF IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF ORGANIC MATTER IN FORAGES-AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH CONTINUOUS LARGE-SCALE OPERATION (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A procedure and equipment which make possible a continuous output of 250 to 300 determinations of in vitro digestibility of organic matter per week are described.The effect on in vitro digestibility values of removing rumen liquor from sheep at various times before and after feeding, mixing of rumen liquors from different sheep, and nitrogen supplementation of the inoculum are investigated. Results are given of a comparison of the effect of soil contamination on in vitro data when expressed as digestibility of dry matter and digestibility of organic matter. The levels of within and between-batch errors are stated and the accuracy of prediction of feeding value is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00462.x
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  • 26
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    HILL SOILS AND GRASSLANDS IN BRECKNOCKSHIRE: A STUDY OF POTENTIAL LAND USE (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The present and potential land use of rough hill pastures in Brecknockshire has been investigated. The interests of the Brecon Beacons National Park, reservoir, Forestry Commission and commonland need not compete, but could be complementary. Areas containing a high proportion of the podzolized soils carry the most nutritious pastures, rich in Agrostis and Vaccinium, and agreement amongst the commoners could ensure they are grazed to the limit of their productivity. In the absence of afforestation, the grazing of superior pastures around the peaks of the Fforest Fawr-Brecon Beacons range is consistent with the interests of both the National Park and reservoir authorities, although the erosion hazard is greater. The S. and E. directed spurs of Drygarn, the N. E. plateau of Mynydd Eppynt and the S. W. flanks of the Black Mountains have similarly productive hill pastures. Areas such as the long back-slopes of the Fforest Fawr-Brecon Beacons range and higher land of Drygarn contain a high proportion of peaty gleyed soils under Molinetum, They provide inferior grazing but support the most productive forests, chiefly of Sitka spruce. By agreement amongst the commoners, where they are known, these areas could be leased to the Forestry Commission for afforestation. However, because common rights are so obscure, prior legislation would probably be necessary. Until their recent destruction, the uplands supported woodland and afforestation of selected areas need not be regarded as incongruous. It would also open up otherwise inaccessible places.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00450.x
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  • 27
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    BREEDING AND BLENDING (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The grass breeder's approach to the problem of producing new varieties is related to factors controlling sward production. Those factors under the control of the breeder, especially plant type and management, are considered in more detail.It is argued that the methods used by the breeder produce seed of predictable performance when grown under a defined set of conditions-climate, soil and, above all, management. The fate of this ‘improved’ seed is considered in relation to the multitude of seeds mixtures prescribed today. Large imports of seed are made annually into the U. K. but bred strains account for only a low percentage of the herbage seeds used.Some results from Cambridge trials are presented to show the effects on sward production of plant density, seed size, depth of sowing, cutting treatments and the mixing of genotypes. It is suggested that these results point to the frequent misuse of bred strains, both in blending and in the quantity of seed recommended per unit area.The future prospects for herbage breeding are discussed and some novel ideas of cropping mentioned which may, to a limited extent, supplement the use of herbage seeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00455.x
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  • 28
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    SOME FACTORS AFFECTING EARTHWORM POPULATIONS UNDER PASTURE (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The results of experiments undertaken in England and New Zealand are reported. Under highly productive pasture a significant correlation was found between pasture production and earthworm numbers and weights. This relationship was not evident until the pastures were more than 3 years old. On pastures of similar total dry-matter production there was a significant correlation between yield of clover and numbers and weights of earthworms. The return of dung by the grazing animal increased earthworm numbers and weights, and the application of nitrogenous fertilizer had a similar but less marked effect. The earthworm population was not demonstrably related to the macro-organic-maller content of the pastures. The grazing of grass-clover pastures was not essential for an increase in earthworm populations to occur. Allolohophora species (mainly A. caliginosa) were dominant under pure grass swards, whereas Lumhricus species (mainly L. rubellus) were dominant under grass/clover swards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00441.x
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  • 29
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    GÜLLE AS A GRASSLAND FERTILIZER (PART III) (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Results from current trials indicate that soil type, time of application and weather influence responses to applications of gulle. Over 3 sites gulle N had an efficiency of about 60% of that of fertilizer N. Best results were obtained from heavy clay soils or those containing much organic matter. Winter applications of dilute gulle to light soils under wet conditions may result in large losses of N through leaching. Generally, winter gulle applications may lead to severe losses of plants in short-term ryegrasses with associated heavy uptakes of K in spring. It is concluded that much of the gulle produced should be broadcast in winter on to swards destined for mowing in early summer. Optimum utilization of gulle calls for supplementation with fertilizer N, when the full potential of the K derived from the sludge can be exploited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00408.x
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    PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00388.x
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  • 31
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    SOME IMPLICATIONS OF DEATH AND DECAY IN PASTURE PRODUCTION (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Study of the growth of an undefoliated stand of Italian ryegrass showed that the yields of leaf blade, leaf sheath, and dead matter remained fairly constant for 10 weeks in winter, although individual tillers produced a new leaf every 16–19 days. From these data it is estimated that approximately 8 lb. of dry matter/acre/day was lost through the death and subsequent decomposition of plant tissue.Investigation of the recovery growth of a closely defoliated perennial ryegrass sward in summer showed that the yields of leaf blade and leaf sheath increased rapidly with time until there was sufficient foliage to intercept virtually all of the noon light and slowly thereafter; whereas the yield of senescent and dead material increased slowly at first and rapidly later. It is suggested that the rate at which dry matter accumulated beyond the stage of complete light interception depended to a large extent upon the rate of tissue decay.Determinations of the composition of the stubble of a perennial ryegrass sward which was leniently defoliated at weekly intervals in late summer showed that the proportion of leaf blade in the material necessary to intercept 90–95% of the noon light decreased with time, whilst the proportion of dead matter increased. It is pointed out that the rate of dry-matter accumulation was probably affected throughout by factors which determined the rate of decomposition of dead material. The conclusion drawn is that pasture production is likely to be good only when grazing or cutting management ensures that dry-matter losses by decay are kept to a minimum, whilst gains by photosynthesis continue at a high level. The results of some cutting trials are discussed in these terms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00392.x
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  • 32
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    THE EFFECT OF BURNING OF NATIVE PASTURE ON SOIL TEMPERATURE IN NORTHERN NEW SOUTH WALES (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Thermocouples were used to measure temperatures at shallow depths (top 39 mm) in soils during late winter burning of hayed-off native pasture. Different intensities of burning were investigated. The maximum temperature recorded for any treatment was 75–5°C, at 1 mm below the soil surface, and marked temperature rises were recorded only in the upper 10 mm of the soil. The results suggest that the temperature rise induced by burning would have little direct effect on soil organic matter, the microbial populations, or buried seeds. The possible significance of these results in practice is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00403.x
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  • 33
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    A NOTE ON WOOL PRODUCTION RESPONSES TO FODDER CONSERVATION IN PASTORAL SYSTEMS (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00490.x
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  • 34
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    THE EFFECT OF INTENSIVE SHEEP STOCKING OVER A FIVE-YEAR PERIOD ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF THE SWARD (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An increase in the amount of dry-matter recorded from year to year in grazed paddocks was accompanied by changes in the structure and botanical composition of the sward. These changes were due to the presence of the grazing animal, but there was no increase in the amount of DM grazed by the animals. Some increase was harvested when the swards were cut to make silage. Of the 2 possible ways by which organic-matter might circulate within the ecological system, directly from plant to soil or indirectly through the animal, it is suggested that the system of management favoured the former. Since there is evidence that an increase in the amount of DM per unit area implies an increase in the growth potential of the sward, it is concluded that it should be possible to adjust the grazing system to the advantage of the animal population. The development, production and growth of the sward is discussed in ecological and agricultural terms; in the latter, reference is made to the ageing of swards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00489.x
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  • 35
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    THE EFFECT OF CUTTING COCKSFOOT (DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L.) GROWN FOR PRODUCTION OF SEED (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment is described in which cocksfoot, grown for production of seed, was cut annually for 3 years in either autumn, winter or spring. No significant increases in yield of seed/ac were obtained from any treatment compared with an uncut control, and a cut in late April in one year seriously reduced the yield of seed. Additional N applied after a defoliation in October did not increase the yield of seed compared with that from plots which were cut at the same time but not fertilized. The production of tillers was not affected by cutting on any date. The percentage fertility of tillers was increased by cutting in the first year, when the number of tillers was smallest; the fertility was less consistently affected in the second year, and was generally unaffected in the third year. The weight of seed produced per ear was usually reduced by the cutting treatments. In the third year of the experiment it was shown that the penetration of light to the base of the shoots was increased substantially by defoliation, but it is deduced that maximum interception of light by the whole plant is more important for the production of seed than increasing by cutting that proportion which penetrates to the base of the plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00473.x
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  • 36
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    THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON THE YIELDS OF VARIETIES OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS AND COCKSFOOT (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Little is known about the possible differential responses to Nitrogen fertilizer in varieties within grass species. Two trials were conducted to study interactions between varieties and level of N. The dry-matter yields of 3 varieties of perennial ryegrass were compared in 4 cuts/yr at 3 levels of N fertilizer. Four cocksfoot varieties under the same cutting management were compared at 2 levels of N. In a total of 20 comparisons, the variety effect was significant on 10 occasions, and the N effect significant in all 20 sets of data. The interaction of variety and N level was significant in only one case suggesting that all varieties in each trial responded similarly to increasing levels of N fertilizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00480.x
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  • 37
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    A MODIFIED METHOD FOR THE IN VITRO DETERMINATION OF HERBAGE DIGESTIBILITY IN PLANT-BREEDING STUDIES (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In plant–breeding studies large numbers of samples, often taken from single plants, are assessed for digestibility. A modified in vitro method for such estimations, which has proved accurate and less time-consuming than other methods, is described and results obtained for some grasses are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00464.x
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  • 38
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    RESEEDING AND SURFACE TREATMENT-A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF IMPROVING HILL GRAZINGS (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two methods of improving hill land for sheep grazing have been compared on a Festuca/Agrostis pasture in mid-Wales. Ploughing and reseeding, following a pioneer crop, resulted in an excellent sward which remained productive at the end of the 8-year trial period. Surface seeding with light cultivation gave only a fair establishment of white clover, but no sown grass, during the same period. The production and financial results point to the superiority of the former technique where conditions are suitable and where increased grass production can be met by increased sheep stocking. Any worthwhile method must produce real improvement to the herbage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00468.x
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  • 39
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    THE BEHAVIOUR OF COCKSFOOT AND PERENNIAL RYEGRASS FAMILIES FROM WESTERN FRANCE GROWN AT ABERYSTWYTH (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Families of Dactytis g/omerata and Lolium perenne derived from ripe inflorescences collected in western France over a range of nearly 7° of latitude were grown at Aberystwyth, 52° N lat. Their growth was examined to determine whether latitude and the habitat of the collected families affected the dates of ear emergence, phml form, and height of the flowering shoots when the grasses were grown at Aberystwyth, Ear emergence was found to be delayed as the latitude of the seed source increased, irrespective of the year of sowing, or, in the case of cocksfoot, irrespective of whether the plants were in their first or second harvest year.Plant growth-form and panicle height were recorded only for the cocksfoots, and the results indicate that they were influenced by habitat and that they reflected the intensity of biotic control that had operated.The families derived from meadows or road verges tended to contain a higher percentage of erect tall types. When, however, the seeds came from grazed orchards or pastures, there were few or no erect plants, but many with a more or less prostrate habit and shorter panicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00444.x
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  • 40
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    THE DRYING OF TIMOTHY SEED (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Physical data, from an experiment to determine the effect of drying on the quality of S48 timothy seed, are used to derive an equation relating the average drying rate of the seed to the temperature and flow of the drying air. The relationship, which can be of use in practical problems, demonstrates the importance of air temperature in determining the drying rate, particularly when compared with similar Jula for wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00451.x
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  • 41
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    FORMATION AND MAINTENANCE OF PASTURES (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Experimental evidence is presented on changes taking place in grass populations during the early stages of sward formation and in older leys. Differentiation which has taken place in ‘permanent’ pastures as a result of agronomic selection pressures is also discussed in relation to the maintenance of pastures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00453.x
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  • 42
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    A FARMER'S VIEW OF THE LEY (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The relevant management advantages and disadvantages of the ley and permanent pasture are reviewed. Doubts on the possible long-term effects of soil structure, fertility etc. are discussed from the farmer's point of view.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00454.x
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  • 43
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    THE TESTING OF GRASS VARIETIES IN SWARDS WITH CLOVER: THE EFFECT OF GRASS SEED-RATE ON COMPARISONS OF GROSS YIELD (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Three experiments were carried out to examine the influence of grass seed-rate upon the amount of clover growing with different varieties of perennial ryegrass. The bred varieties S23 and S24 were compared with Irish ryegrass. A larger quantity of clover grew with Irish ryegrass than with bred varieties at any given seed-rate. If the varieties were to be compared in terms of herbage of similar clover content, then Irish ryegrass sown at 20 lb/ac had to be compared with S23 or S24 sown at about a quarter of that rate. Reducing the seed-rate of the bred varieties from 20 to 5 lb/ac had only a small effect upon yield of ryegrass, and this was offset by an increase in yield of clover. Since weed grasses also took advantage of low grass seed-rate, it is concluded that other factors in the management of variety trials must be so controlled as to produce a satisfactory clover content without too drastic a reduction in the seed-rate of any variety. The relationship between grass seed-rate and yield of clover varied markedly with the availability of moisture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00426.x
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    THE EFFECT OF NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER ON THE RATE OF GROWTH OF ITALIAN RYEGRASS (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The rate of growth of Italian ryegrass in the spring was measured by recording dry-matter yield at weekly intervals over periods of 6 weeks. There were 3 levels of applied N: 25, 75 and 125 lb/ac. Yield increased fairly slowly in the first 2 weeks and level of applied N had little effect. In the final 4 weeks the grass grew at a faster and fairly constant rate, which was very much affected by the level of N. Grass receiving 25 lb N produced 2900 lb of dry matter/ac in 6 weeks, 75 lb N 4400 Ib, and 125 Ib N 4700 lb. By the end of the first week, % N and % nitrate-N were higher at the 75 lb than at the 25 lb N level and by the end of the second week they were higher at the 125 lb than at the 75 lb N level. The effect of weather factors and the question of predictability of yield are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00432.x
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    INTERACTIONS OF GRASS, CLOVER AND NURSE CROP IN THE SEEDING YEAR (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Tall fescue S170 and Italian ryegrass S22, slow- and rapid-establishing grasses, respectively, were sown either with white clover or with a mixture of red and white clovers, with or without a companion- or cover-crop, and with or without nitrogen. Swards established without a cover-crop were grazed frequently or cut infrequently; swards undersown with the oat crop were grazed once in the autumn. In the year of sowing tall fescue/clover mixtures produced yields similar to those of Italian ryegrass/clover swards. Tall fescue proved sensitive to competition, even from red clover, during establishment and sowing under a cover-crop is therefore not recommended. The yield of red- and white-clover was increased when sown under a cover-crop and when cut infrequently, compared with frequent grazing by sheep. The growth of white clover was greatly reduced by adding red clover to the mixture, particularly under a cover-crop and when defoliation was infrequent, but red clover increased total yield. The effect of N applied to the seed-bed varied with the method of establishment. Cereal yield was reduced under dry conditions by undersowing with a mixture containing red clover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00431.x
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  • 46
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    THE DRYING OF TIMOTHY SEED (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: On 6 dates during a period of 14 days, S48 timothy seed was combine harvested directly and then dried in layers 6 in. deep at air temperatures of 77, 95, 104 and 122° F and airflows of 20 and 35 ft/min. The effect of these drying conditions upon subsequent laboratory germination was measured. An experimental drier of 8 units developed for this work is described. Results showed that the depression of germination by increasing temperatures depended on the stage of ripeness when the initial moisture content was greater than 30% wet basis.* Below this moisture level, no significant depression was found at temperatures up to 1223F. Seed of acceptable commercial standard was obtained when harvested at 41·3% m. c.w. b., but only under the gentlest drying treatment, 77°GF and 20 ft/min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00436.x
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    THE EFFECT OF HIGH LEVELS OF NITROGEN ON SEED YIELD OF COCKSFOOT (DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L.) (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment to determine the effect of applying high levels of N on the seed yield of S37 cocksfoot is described. Increasing the rate of application in the range 174–1044 Ib N/ac/annum did not substantially increase yield, except where 1044 Ib N was applied in monthly lots in 1960–1; in some instances yield was significantly reduced by increased N application, apparently as a result of increased frost susceptibility. It is concluded that an application of about 174 lb N/ac/annum is the maximum desirable if there is a danger of frost.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00414.x
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  • 48
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    THE RELATION BETWEEN THE CRUDE PROTEIN CONTENT AND THE DIGESTIBLE CRUDE PROTEIN CONTENT OF TROPICAL PASTURE PLANTS (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The digestible crude protein percentage (DCP) of 218 different feeds derived from 16 tropical grasses and 8 tropical legumes containing 2·2 to 25·3% crude protein (CP) was Treasured with sheep. DCP was closely related to CP (r =· 0·979) and could be predicted from the equation DCP=O·899 CP-3·25 (SE estimate · 0·84). Predicted values for tropical grasses and legumes were similar to, but more variable than, those calculated from a similar equation derived from temperate pasture species. It was suggested that CP per se is a useful criterion for selecting tropical pasture plants when direct in vivo measurements of DCP cannot be obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00417.x
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  • 49
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    ISTORAGE OF CLOVER SEED (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00418.x
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    ADVANCE NOTE ON RESEARCH (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00420.x
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Book reviewed in this artile:BOOTH, W. E. AgrostologyWHITE, R. O. The grassland and fodder resources of IndiaWOODFORD, E. K.; EVANS, S. A. [Eds] Weed control handbookJONES, E. L. Seasons and prices. The role of the weather in English agricultural history
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 52
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    A COMPARISON OF COCKSFOOT- AND TALL FESCUE-DOMINANT SWARDS FOR OUT-OF-SEASON PRODUCTION (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Swards based on a mixture of SI 70 tall fescue and S215 meadow fescue were very early in spring, gave high yields for conservation in mid-season and, rested from mid-August, gave good grazing in November-December. Under this treatment, the tall fescue assumed dominance, and the swards were persistent and remained productive. The digestibility of the tall fescue swards was always higher than that of swards based on cocksfoot with which they were compared. During spring and autumn the former sward was better grazed by stock, but the position was reversed in mid-summer. Cattle grazing tall-fescue-dominant swards made better liveweight gains than those grazing cocksfoot swards during November-December.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00401.x
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  • 53
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    GRASSLAND FERTILIZER PRACTICE AND HYPOMAGNESAEMIA (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of N and K fertilizers on the yield and chemical composition of herbage and the serum Mg and Ca levels of grazing ruminants were investigated, using 64 lactaling ewes in a 4x4 Latin square arrangement of plots. During the 2-year experiment there was no evidence that application of N alone has a depressing effect on the Mg content of either herbage or blood serum. The sheep grazing plots treated with combined N and K fertilizer had significantly (P〈0·01) lower serum Mg levels during the early spring grazing period of 1961. It is suggested that individual variability within a group of animals may considerably influence the results of investigations of this kind.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00405.x
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    THE AFTER-EFFECTS OF VARYING RATES OF SPRING APPLICATION OF NITROGEN AND OF DATES OF FIRST DEFOLIATION ON THE YIELD AND BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF A GRASS/CLOVER SWARD (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Mid–season depression of grassland yield following spring application of N was found to be due almost entirely to clover depression, the grass fraction showing no after effects of the treatment. The effect became more marked and lasted longer in successive years. Varying the date of first defoliation in spring did not affect the clover depression significantly. Possible causes contributing to the depressing effect are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00482.x
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  • 55
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    HERBAGE AND BEEF PRODUCTIVITY OF FERTILIZED PASTURES IN NORTHERN ONTARIO (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The productivity of 2 fertilized sown pasture swards and of a 30-year-old pasture sod was evaluated under rotational and continuous grazing in 1956–62.The application of NP fertilizer (448 kg 11–48–0/ha every 3 years with 112 kg ammonium sulphate in the other years) gave the highest yields of DM and of beef, followed by the P treatment (1120 kg superphosphate/ha). Beef production showed only small responses to either the type of pasture sward, or the method of grazing. Seasonal distribution of beef production was slightly more even on the old sod. For the peak period of June-July, 68% of the gain was made on the old sod against 74% on the cultivated swards under rotational grazing and 79% under continuous grazing. DM/gain ratios were generally higher in wet summers than in dry ones. Conversely, estimated DM digestibility was lowest in wet summers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00486.x
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    EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION OF MIXED SWARDS ON HERBAGE YIELD, DRY MATTER DIGESTIBILITY AND VOLUNTARY FOOD INTAKE OF THE CONSERVED HERBAGES (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In 2 experiments nitrogenous fertilizer was applied at 3 levels (0, 46 and 92 lb N/ac) to a permanent pasture and a ryegrass/clover ley and the swards were harvested before ear emergence and conserved as either artificially dried grass or tetrapod hay. Apparent dry matter digestibility and voluntary food intake of the conserved herbages were measured with sheep.N caused a small but significant depression in apparent DM digestibility but did not affect voluntary food intake. It increased yields of DM and digestible DM significantly.The DM digestibility and voluntary food intake of hay were always significantly lower than those of the corresponding dried grass. Voluntary food intake of all fodders was directly related to herbage digestibility and inversely related to herbage crude fibre content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00472.x
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  • 57
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    CROPPING SPARTINA SALT MARSH FOR SILAGE (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: About half an acre (0·40 ha) of the salt marsh grass Spartina townsendii (s. l.) was cut from a Bristol Channel marsh using a small tractor modified for use on estuarine marshland. The cut grass was ensiled with molasses in a plastic silo.Chemical analyses were carried out on samples of fresh grass and silage. Silage was fed ad libitum to Halfbred × Suffolk wether sheep. Intake, digestibility values and crude protein content were similar to those of medium quality hay.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00475.x
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  • 58
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    PROBLEMS IN ESTABLISHING DRY–LAND PASTURES IN RHODESIA (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Among the many problems of pasture establishment in Rhodesia, those which appear the most serious are: (a) poor seed germination, leading to patchy and weak seedling growth; (b) erratic rainfall, in which heavy storms are followed by hot, dry periods; (c) soil crusting, which forms a surface layer impenetrable from below by the seedling, and from above by rainwater; (d) weed competition, where rank and copious weed growth suppresses establishment of pasture seedlings. Suggestions are made as to how these problems might be overcome.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00479.x
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Book reviewed in the article:WHITEHEAD, D. C. Nutrient minerals in grassland herbageABRAMS, J. T. [Ed.] Recent advances in animal nutritionMILTHORPE, F. L.; IVINS, J. D. [Eds] The growth of cereals and grasses
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    THE INTAKE AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FRESH, FROZEN AND DRIED SORGHUM ALMUM, DIGITARIA DECUMBENS AND PANICUM MAXIMUM (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sorghum almum, Digitaria decumbens and Panicum maximum were fed in fresh, frozen (−20 C) or dried (85° C) form to 21 wethers in metabolism cages. Neither freezing nor drying had a significant (P〉0·05) effect on voluntary intake, dry-matter digestibility or organic-matter digestibility. Drying depressed the apparent digestibility of the nitrogen in all grasses but only in the case of D. decumbens was this significant (P〈0·05). Freezing also depressed the apparent digestibility of N while both freezing and drying reduced N retention, compared with the fresh feed. None of these differences was significant.Freezing and drying are thus methods of pasture preservation that can be used to study the intake and dry-matter digestibility of tropical pastures, but both methods may introduce bias into the measurement of N digestibility and retention.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00459.x
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    MOLEHILLS AND PASTURE REVERSION (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00463.x
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    CROSS–FERTILIZATION BETWEEN DIPLOID AND TETRAPLOID RYEGRASSES (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Preliminary studies have been undertaken to determine the degree to which diploid and tetraploid ryegrass varieties intercross under field conditions. The results obtained through the use of diploid and tetraploid non-red-base tester plants indicate that pollen from tetraploid ryegrasses constitutes little or no danger to the genetic purity of diploid seed crops, even if grown in close proximity. A small proportion of viable triploid hybrids can arise in the progenies of tetraploid plants heavily exposed to diploid pollen, but here again their frequency and incidence are not of practical consequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00466.x
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  • 63
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    THE USE OF LIVEWEIGHT-GAIN TRIALS FOR PASTURE EVALUATION IN THE TROPICS (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two methods of measuring the liveweight gain of cattle on sown pastures are described in a 15 ac grazing trial. During the first 12 months of grazing, stocking rate was varied within and between pasture species. In the remaining 21 months, stocking rate was maintained at the same level between all pastures, but varied with the overall seasonal changes in grass availability. The relative merits of the two methods are discussed, and it is concluded that the trial using the same stocking rate on all species offered the more effective and practicable method of comparing pasture production differences of the order 30–50%.The results showed significant improvements in liveweight gain in the latter 21 months of the experiment, resulting from the inclusion of a legume, Centrosema pubescens in a Hyparrhenia rufa sward, and from the use of Hyparrhenia rufa rather than Panicum maximum in association with Centrosema pubescens. The ability of unfertilized ley pastures to produce over 300 lb/ac of liveweight gain in favourable years was clearly demonstrated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00469.x
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    PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00439.x
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    THE ENERGY RETENTION OF LAMBS GRAZING S37 COCKSFOOT, S23 RYEGRASS AND S24 RYEGRASS AT LOW GRAZING PRESSURE (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A grazing experiment to measure the feeding values of 4-week-old regrowths of S37 cocksfoot, S23 ryegrass and S24 ryegrass is described. A low grazing pressure was maintained on the pastures to ensure that animal production was not limited by herbage availability. Each sward was grazed by a group of 12 lambs under “worm-free” conditions. Increases in empty body weight, dry body weight and energy were measured by the comparative slaughter technique.The liveweight gain of the cocksfoot-fed lambs was the same as the ryegrass-fed groups during the first half of the experiment but was lower in August and September. The final liveweight gains on S23 and S24 ryegrass were 14% higher than on S37 cocksfoot, but in terms of energy retention S23 ryegrass was 18% and S24 7% better than S37 cocksfoot. Digestibility measurements of herbage cut from the plots being grazed showed a positive correlation with energy retention by the lambs. Energy retention was negatively correlated with the proportion of acetic acid in the rumen adds, a fraction which was itself correlated with the soluble carbohydrate content of the herbage, but not with the digestibility of the herbage.When interpreting animal-production results, intake, digestibility and rumen volatilc-fativ-acid proportions, should be taken into account. Because of the inadequacy of present methods of estimating the herbage intake of grazing animals, measurement of body-energy gains is not justified and empty-liveweight gains are sufficiently precise to measure relative energy retentions at pasture.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00440.x
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    THE USE OF LIVEWEIGHT-GAIN TRIALS FOR PASTURE EVALUATION IN THE TROPICS (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment is described in which the liveweight gains of cattle, grazing different pasture species, were measured when grazing sequences were arranged in the form of a Latin Square. The average coefficient of variation for the 6 “animal” Latin squares used was 28·5%, with a range of 15·1 to 42·6%. Significant improvements in liveweight gain were demonstrated arising from the inclusion of Stylosanthes gracilis in swards of Chloris gayana and Panicum maximum.The problems of conducting and interpreting trials of this type are discussed in relation to the need for data on the economic value of pasture species in the tropics. Latin square grazing designs offer a useful means of measuring animal production from pasture, with the advantage of requiring relatively small numbers of animals in each trial, but trials should be repeated at different sites.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00446.x
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    GÜLLE AS A GRASSLAND FERTILIZER (PART IV) (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Further investigation into the value of gillie as a fertilizer for grassland indicates that weather affects responses. Dry weather permits good recovery of gillie N. On the other hand, on dry soil, losses of gillie N by volatilization may be increased if the quantity of sludge applied is insufficient to penetrate the soil. Cow-and-pig gillie may be more efficient than the pure-cow type as a fertilizer, the former being well balanced in N and K, whereas cow gillie requires N supplementation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00452.x
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:M. A.F. F. Grass and grasslandSUTTONS GRASS ADVISORY SERVICE. The identification of grasses by the foliage
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00456.x
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    II. The effect of different pastures, soil types and dew on the calibration (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: It was found that in terms of the relationship between capacitance and yield of pasture as measured by a modified electronic probe and by cutting, respectively, that: differences existed between the types of pastures studied; dry-matter estimation was inferior to either the fresh-material or the ‘total–water’ yield estimation; the degree of curvilinearity of the fresh-material regression was not constant; the presence of dew on the plants resulted in a small increase hi capacitance reading. The possible significance of these results is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00428.x
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    CLIMATIC FACTORS IN RELATION TO GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF PASTURE PLANTS (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The distribution of natural and cultivated grasslands in relation to climate and the use of various indices and diagrams in studies of crops and climate are discussed. Attempts to establish simple linear relationships between yield and weather components have been disappointing. Studies involving light, theoretical considerations of productivity, adaptation of herbage plants in relation to climatic origin, etc. have proved more useful. Problems involved in extending the work conducted under controlled conditions to the field, are stressed. Particularly important is a better characterization of the environment prevailing in and immediately above swards of different types. The importance of winter survival in Britain is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00435.x
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    A COMPARISON OF RYEGRASS VARIETIES FOR EARLY–BITE PRODUCTION (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The value of varieties of Italian, hybrid and Westerwold ryegrass for early-bite production was compared at 32 centres in different environments. The relative performance of Italian ryegrass varieties was fairly consistent from centre to centre over a period of 3 years. Danish and Leda Daehnfeldt Italians produced the most, and S22 the least, early spring production. Good early-bite and total annual yields were obtained from hybrid ryegrasses. Swards sown in the previous autumn were more winter-hardy than spring-sown swards and appeared to be as early in the following year.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00412.x
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    THE ENERGY VALUE OF BARN-DRIED HAY (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Recent publications dealing with the efficiency of utilization of dietary energy by ruminants suggest that metabolizable- and net-energy values may be calculated with reasonable precision from digestible-energy values. Use has been made here of existing data to estimate the metabolizable-energy (M. E.) and net-energy values for maintenance and fattening (N. E.m and N. E.f) of 5 samples of barn-dried hay of known in vivo digestibility, firstly to provide such figures for good quality barn-dried hays and, secondly, to illustrate a method of estimating energy values for hays that might be useful for routine advisory purposes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00416.x
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    THE OUTPUT OF SWARDS ON COMMERCIAL FARMS IN RELATION TO FERTILIZER AND OTHER MANAGEMENT FACTORS (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Survey data collected during a grassland-recording investigation showed a strong positive correlation between nitrogen input and the output of utilized starch equivalent per acre. At the levels of output covered, sward type was not very important in relation to total yield. Herbage species were important for other reasons and the choice of seeds mixtures should be determined by factors such as earliness and lateness of growth and resistance to disease and drought. The survey showed that well-managed ley and permanent pasture are both capable of producing at a high level. A disturbing feature of the results was the low production of most spring resowings, primarily as a result of poor management. Although the records were obtained from an above-average group of farms, the results have general application. Potential responses to fertilizers may be even greater on less intensive farms, especially with regard to phosphate and potash. However, the level of production of a field will always depend finally on the level of management exercised by the farmer himself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00419.x
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    EUROPEAN GRASSLAND FEDERATION (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00425.x
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    THE WEED FLORA OF CHEMICALLY-RENEWED LOWLAND SWARDS (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The viable-seed content of soils under grass swards was investigated in relation to the potential weed flora which may occur in chemically-renewed swards. The viable-seed populations in the top 6 in. of the soils ranged from 46 million per acre for a 1-year ryegrass ley to 1·7 million in an old permanent pasture. On the limited evidence available, there appears to be no close correlation between the broad-leaved weed species present in the original pasture, the viable seeds in the soil, or the volunteer species in the new sward. Large populations of viable seeds of indigenous grass species occurred in most swards, while there was an almost complete lack of seeds of cultivated grasses. The effect of surface cultivation following the application of paraquat to a grass sward is to stimulate the dormant weed seeds in the upper layers of the soil to germinate. If these layers were left undisturbed a relatively weed-free environment would eventually be achieved.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00402.x
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    THE GROWTH OF LAMBS AT PASTURE (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Data on the growth rates of ‘worm-free’ Iambs were collected at different seasons over 4 years. In 1959 and 1960 the Iambs were set-stocked on a perennial ryegrass/white-clover sward, and in 1961 and 1962 lambs were rotationally grazed on a pure S23 perennial rye-grass sward. Although significant differences were obtained between seasons, there was no correlation between lamb growth rate and any one factor of herbage quality or environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00407.x
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    THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND CLIPPING FREQUENCY UPON THE YIELD AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effect of rate of nitrogen fertilizer and clipping frequency on total production of dry matter (DM), in vitro digestible organic matter (DOM), and crude protein (CP) was investigated in the first harvest year of intermediate wheatgrass. The highest yields of DM and DOM, but not of CP, were obtained at the longest clipping intervals and at the higher rates of fertilizer application. Fertilizer failed to give satisfactory increases in yield even at very high rates of application when a 2-week clipping interval was used. The interaction between clipping frequency and fertilizer rate had a highly significant effect on yields of both DM and DOM. A sharp decline in percentage DOM that occurred with increasing length between clippings was offset to some degree by application of N fertilizer. A similar assessment of treatments was obtained from DOM and DM yield data when the grass was fertilized with N, but not when N was deficient. The CP data gave a different assessment of treatments from that obtained from either DOM or DM data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00409.x
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    THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF GRAZING MANAGEMENT (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Grazing management should be firmly based on knowledge derived from studies of both animal- and plant-physiology. It is essential to understand both the nutritional needs of the animal and the effect of harvesting procedures on the growth rate of the plant.Animal performance, however, is not simply related to the mean nutritive value of the sward on offer; selective grazing can result in large differences between the latter and the value of the diet actually consumed. Thus it is possible to obtain similar animal growth rules on very different pastures, where grazing pressure is very low, or to obtain different animal performances on pastures which differ little in mean digestibility, but where the herbage is more, or less, ‘available’. It is therefore necessary to understand the relationship between the amounts of herbage on offer, removed and left behind in grazing, and the nutrient intake of the animal.To use biological criteria, such as the quantity of herbage present, in operating grazing methods it is essential that they are expressed in terms which are relevant theoretically and measurable in practice.The results of experimental comparisons of managements can not necessarily be used to judge the usefulness of physiological concepts, since the assumption that such concepts are embodied in the managements is often unjustified. There is, for example, little evidence that continuous and rotational grazing, under conditions of ‘correct’ stocking, result in different frequencies of defoliation of the individual plant units involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00389.x
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    MECHANICAL TREATMENT FOR IMPROVING UPLAND GRAZING (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The botanical changes in a wet (Molinia) and a drier (Nardtts) upland pasture that followed a single defoliation by a forage harvester are briefly described. Without fertilizer the bare and litter-covered areas were soon recolonized by the original dominants; with lime and fertilizer the recolonization was mainly by Agrostis spp., even when Agrostis was a minor element in the original sward. These changes were markedly accelerated by the forage-harvester treatment. The results of surface seeding after the forage-harvester treatment are compared with those obtained after rotary cultivation. Contrasting moisture regimes and competitive thresholds led to considerable differences in sward balance and in establishment of sown species, and seeding was successful only on the wetter site. Too rapid regeneration of undesirable remnants was prevalent, but this and other hazards are related to the uneven deposit of litter left by the forage harvester; thick, slowly-rotting accumulations inhibited the redevelopment of rapidly-growing species and germination on seeded areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00395.x
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    EFFECT OF THE LEGUME STYLOSANTHES GRACILIS ON PASTURE YIELDS AT SERERE, UGANDA (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The yields of Chloris gayana, pure and in mixture with Stylosanthes gracilis, were compared under nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur fertilizer treatments applied in factorial combination. The unfertilized grass/legume mixture gave twice the yield of pure grass. When fertilized with P and S, the mixed pasture produced over 3 times as much as the pure grass. The legume component of the mixture depressed the grass component as a result of competition. N increased grass growth but its net effect on total production in the grass/legume mixture was nil. The biggest single fertilizer effect was that of S on the legume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00399.x
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    THE EFFECT OF THE BIPYRIDYL HERBICIDES ON HILL COMMUNITIES AND THEIR ROLE IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF HILL GRAZING (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The improvement of hill land is important to the national economy of the United Kingdom. An increase in the amount of enclosed productive land results in a greater stock-carrying capacity of a hill farm. Improvement is not always possible by conventional implements, and herbicides are being used to kill the old sward. The bipyridyl herbicides offer a means of destroying or modifying the indigenous vegetation. The application of low doses of paraquat or diquat to an association containing Molinia caerulea, Nardus sfricta and Festuca avina resulted in a change in equilibrium in favour of the fescues. The application of 2 lb paraquat per acre practically eliminates all grass species in a sward and it is then possible to establish desirable pasture species after lightly cultivating the dead surface litter.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00398.x
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    THE FREQUENCY OF DEFOLIATION OF INDIVIDUAL TILLERS IN A SET-STOCKED SWARD (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A method designed to study the defoliation of individual tillers in a set-stocked sward is described. This was used on S23 ryegrass swards carrying 19 (medium-stocked) and 30 (heavily-stocked) sheep/ac.The tillers in the heavily-stocked sward were defoliated, on average, every 7–8 days, and those in the medium-stocked sward every 11–14 days. The total green leaf length (GLL) of tillers grazed by the sheep was generally greater than that of tillers not grazed. On average 27 and 40% of the GLL of tillers in the medium- and heavily-stocked swards respectively was removed at each grazing. Older leaves on the grazed tillers were defoliated much less frequently than were younger leaves.It is suggested that a rational analysis of the relationship between the grazing animal and the grazed sward cannot be made without more work of this nature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00483.x
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    THE EFFECT OF INTENSIVE SHEEP STOCKING OVER A FIVE-YEAR PERIOD ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF THE SWARD (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A study of a sward sown to Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens was made so that the inter-relationship of the plant and animal communities might be more fully understood within the context of a sheep husbandry experiment. At the higher of 2 stocking rates intensive grazing induced the grass species to assume a prostrate growth habit in the first year: at the lower rate of stocking this condition was less prevalent. The only species to invade the sward and make progress over the 5 years were Poa annua, P. trivialis. and Agrostis stolonifera. Some control of A. stohnifera was gained when grazed swards were cut for silage. The Poa species eventually made up about 50% of the ground cover of all swards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00487.x
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    A RAPID TECHNIQUE FOR COUNTING CHROMOSOMES IN GRASS-BREEDING STUDIES (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00491.x
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    THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FORMS OF NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH OF A PERENNIAL RYEGRASS / WHITE CLOVER SWARD IN EARLY SPRING (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effect of 4 or 5 forms of nitrogenous fertilizer on the yield and botanical composition of a perennial ryegrass/white clover sward was examined in 3 different years. The uptake of N by the grass was also estimated. Ammonium nitrate (as Nitro-Chalk), ammonium sulphate and urea gave similar yield increases, although in one year, when high rainfall followed the application of fertilizer, urea was slightly inferior. Gas liquor gave variable responses in the 3 years. Nitroform, a urea-formaldehyde, was generally less effective than the other forms of fertilizer. The uptake of N from Nitro-Chalk, sulphate of ammonia and urea did not vary greatly from year to year although the uptake of soil N by the untreated control did.Response to N in the yield of dry-matter varied from year to year. This variation was due partly to differences in the amount of clover present and partly to differences in the extent to which N taken up by the grass was used for the synthesis of dry-matter.The white clover content of the sward was not greatly reduced in spring by the application of the fertilizer, and there were no consistent differences between the effects on clover of the forms of the fertilizer. A reduction was apparent in the summer but not in the autumn.It may be necessary to increase replication above the level of 3 to 6 which is frequently employed in field experiments if more precise quantitative estimates of response and of the relative efficiency of various forms of nitrogenous fertilizer are required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00471.x
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:CLAYTON, W. D. An introduction to Arber's The GramineaeKLAPP, E. Taschenbuch der Graser. [Handbook of grasses.]KOBLET, R. Der landwirtschaftliche Pflanzenbau, unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der schwei-zerischen Verhaltnisse.
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    THE INTAKE OF HAY AND SILAGE BY COWS (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Three comparisons were made, with non-lactating fistulated cows, of the voluntary intake of silage and hay prepared from similar herbage. On average 28% more dry matter was eaten as hay than as silage. Silage and hay had similar digestibilities, but silage residues tended to remain in the gut longer than those of hay. The amount of digesta in the reticulo-rumen immediately after a meal ad lib. was greater with hay than with silage. The cows spent longer eating and ruminating per kg dry matter of silage than of hay. The results are discussed in relation to possible factors determining the voluntary intake of silage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00445.x
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    THE EFFECT OF FREQUENCY OF DEFOLIATION ON THE YIELD OF MIXTURES OF S22 (OIPLOID) AND TETRA (TETRAPLOID) ITALIAN RYEGRASS IN EARLY ESTABLISHMENT (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00448.x
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    OBSERVATIONS ON THE UTILIZATION OF GRASS GRAZED BY YOUNG BEEF CATTLE WITH AND WITHOUT BARLEY SUPPLEMENTATION (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A field trial was carried out in which 3 groups of cattle were grazed on a paddock system with and without supplementary barley. The cattle were 6 months old when turned out to grass and were each fed 4 lb/day of barley for one week to prevent any adverse effect from an abrupt change of diet. The trial began on 14 May and continued until 8 October. The mean liveweight gain obtained on the unsupplemented grass was only 0·97 lb/day up to 20 August and owing to the poor growth of the animals a supplement of 4 lb barley/head/day was then introduced. The daily liveweight gain for the remainder of the trial was 1·94 lb. When a supplement of 4 lb barley was provided throughout the trial the mean daily liveweight gain was 1·61 lb. When barley was fed ad lib. intake averaged 12·3 lb/head/day throughout the trial and the mean daily gain was 2·45 lb.Indoor digestibility and nitrogen retention trials were carried out. The starch equivalents of diets on the three treatments were 63·7, 68·3 and 69·5, respectively. The respective mean daily intakes of dry matter were 11·2, 11·9 and 11·8 lb, and the mean daily retentions of N were 35·0, 35·8 and 33·6g. These results indicate that although the grass was of good nutritive value the poor performance of the animals on grass alone was mainly due to their inability to graze sufficient grass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00467.x
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    TYPES OF FRENCH GRASSLAND (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00443.x
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  • 91
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    PASTORAL LANCASHIRE (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An account is given of the production and use of grass in Lancashire, including statistical information relating to acreages and livestock numbers in June, 1963; a map shows the distribution of grassland in the county as percentages of the agricultural area. For convenience the county is divided into 5 areas, each with different farming systems. Reference is made to the Ministry of Agriculture's Experimental Husbandry Farm and its influence on farming in the surrounding districts in East Lancashire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00442.x
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  • 92
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    LOSSES IN THE CONSERVATION OF HEAVILY-WILTED HERBAGE SEALED IN POLYTHENE FILM IN LINED TRENCH SILOS (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A conservation experiment is described in which the losses in ensiling heavily-wilted herbage, of approximately 50% dry matter, in lined trench silos, with and without a polyethylene film seal, are compared. The composition and digestibility of the silages produced in the sealed silos were comparable with those of the original herbage. The content of organic acids in the sealed silos was low, suggesting that fermentation was suppressed by the partially gas-tight seal. In the unsealed silos there was considerable spoilage, 70% of the material being inedible. In the 2 sealed silos losses of dry matter were 8·2 and 5·2% and losses of SE 11·5 and 7·8%, respectively. The losses recorded are compared with those usually encountered in lined trench silos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00429.x
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  • 93
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    FURTHER STUDIES ON SHEEP GRAZING IN THE NORTHERN PENNINES (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The grazing of 3 relatively productive grasslands (Festucaf Agrostis) by hill sheep was examined in relation to herbage consumption, grazing pressure, dung deposition and the number of sheep in the area. Herbage intake ranged from 400 Ib/ac/annum (dry weight) on the highest (2450 ft O. D.) and most exposed grassland to 800 Ib/ac/annum on a grassland (1700 ft O. D.) adjacent to extensive heather moorland on blanket bog. The highest pressure (5·5 sheep/ac) was also found on grassland surrounded by blanket bog (1 sheep/14 ac).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00447.x
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  • 94
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    THE APPLICATION OF THE IN VITRO DIGESTION TECHNIQUE TO SOME ARID-ZONE FODDERS (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 21 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The in vitro digestibility of organic matter and cellulose was determined in 17 fodders collected in western New South Wales. Further determinations were made on samples fortified or not by the addition of glucose, urea and yeast extract. There was a significant positive response to fortification in both organic-matter and cellulose digestibility, the magnitude of the response varying with the fodder sample tested. The relationship between organic-matter digestibility and cellulose digestibility was close only in the case of grasses, but for all samples consideration of both the amount and digestibility of cellulose accounted for 97% of the variation in organic-matter digestibility. The results suggest that an inhibitor preventing cellulose digestion was present in Cassia eremophila.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1966.tb00449.x
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  • 95
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    A MODIFIED CAPACITANCE PROBE TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING PASTURE YIELD (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An instrument for estimating pasture yield electronically was constructed. It was a modification of that described by Campbell et al (1). A transistorized crystal oscillator was incorporated to provide a highly stable frequency standard for use in the field. This provided a zero reference point for both the measuring head oscillator and the reading oscillator before and during use. The instrument is fully described and details are given of its field adjustment and operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00427.x
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  • 96
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    THE PROBLEMS OF RELATING GREENHOUSE AND CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTAL WORK TO SWARD CONDITIONS (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 20 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: When the rate of dry-matter production of a grass crop is determined only by the incoming light energy, it increases exponentially until a closed green surface is reached. Thereafter the production is linear for some time, but soon it decreases and finally drops to zero. This decrease is partly caused by an increase in the rate of respiration relative to photosynthesis. However, there are still unknown factors affecting the rate of production, especially in the second half of the season. When a sward receives an optimal supply of water and nutrients the organic plant constituents at a given growth stage remain fairly constant throughout the season. It would be advantageous, however, to harvest grass with a higher sugar and a lower protein content. This seems to give better rumen digestion and, besides, would improve the regrowth of the sward. Since plants with a high rate of dry-matter production usually have a fairly low reserve level, it is unlikely that selection could provide a strain with both a high reserve level and a high rate of production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1965.tb00394.x
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  • 97
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    Lipid Antioxidants in Plant Tissue (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 30 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The antioxidant activities of several flavone glycosides and cinnamic acids were determined in lipid-aqueous systems. Flavone glycosides, except rutin, possessed approximately the same antioxidant activity as their respective aglycone. Rutin was not as effective as its corresponding aglycone, quercetin. Quercetin derivatives were the only glycosides isolated from green onions, green-pepper pods, green-pepper seeds, and potato peels. Green-onion tops also possessed a glycoside of myricetin. Caffeic acid was an effective antioxidant hut chlorogenic acid had no antioxidant activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1965.tb01833.x
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  • 98
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    The Mechanism of Sulfite Inhibition of Browning Caused by Polyphenol Oxidase (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 30 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of sulfite on the reaction of mushroom polyphenol oxidase with o-diphenols was studied in model systems at pH 6.5. Spectrophotometric, manometric, chromographic, electrophoretic, and radiosotopic evidence is presented that sulfite prevented browning in the systems by combining with the enzymatically produced o-quinones and stopping their condensation to melanins. During preincubation of polyphenol oxidase with sulfite a gradual loss of the property of the enzyme to cause browning was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1965.tb01836.x
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  • 99
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    Rehydration in Onion as a Function of Dehydration Regime (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 30 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fresh, diced onions were dehydrated under different regimes (high-, intermediate-, and low-temperature, and lyophilization). Rehydration volumes were determined for the dice. Water vapor sorption properties and X-ray estimates of crystallinity were obtained for the cellulose extracted from the dice and for control samples of cellulose that had been extracted from fresh onions and then dehydrated. Rehydration occurs most rapidly in lyophilized tissues, in which at 24°C and at 91°C approximately the original fresh volume is attained in 15–30 min. The final rehydrated volume in other treatments is reached more slowly and is considerably smaller than the fresh volume. The highest crystallinity of cellulose is found in the lyophilized materials, probably as a freezing effect. Freezing also produces large, internal voids. Cellulose crystallinity is essentially unaffected by temperature differences during the dehydration process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1965.tb01834.x
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    Changes in Individual Date Polyphenols and Their Relation to Browning (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 30 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The main simple polyphenols of immature dates (Phoenix dactylifera var. Deglet Noor) are flavans, flavonol glycosides, caffeoylshikimic acids, and a cinnamic acid derivative. Tannins are both water-soluble and -insoluble condensed tannins of the leucoanthocyanidin type. Of the simple polyphenols, the flavans and caffeoylshikimic acids undergo the greatest decrease during maturation and storage. Tests with date phenolase show these compounds to be the most susceptible to enzymic browning. Several new phenols form during storage. Treatment of the tannins with hot strong acid produces cyanidin chloride, suggesting the presence of leuco-cyanidin units in the tannins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1965.tb01835.x
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