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  • Springer  (30,901)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (6,239)
  • Oxford University Press  (1,868)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964  (21,691)
  • 1955-1959  (17,317)
  • 1961  (21,691)
  • 1958  (17,317)
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  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964  (21,691)
  • 1955-1959  (17,317)
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  • 1
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 20 (1958), S. 71-93 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A somewhat different approach to the principle of biotopological mapping, discussed in previous publications, is given. The organism is considered as a set of properties, each of which is in its turn a set of numerous subproperties which are logically included in the corresponding properties. Topology is introduced by an appropriate definition of neighborhoods, and four postulates are stated which concern the mapping of the spaces corresponding to higher organisms on those of lower ones. A number of conclusions are drawn from the postulates. Some of them correspond to well-known facts. For example, in man and some higher organisms appropriate emotional stimuli should produce gastrointestinal or cardiovascular disturbances; or some microorganisms should produce substances harmful to other microorganisms (antibiotics). Some other conclusions are still awaiting verification. One of them is, for example, that there must exist unicellular organisms which produce antibodies to appropriate antigens.
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  • 2
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 20 (1958), S. 25-32 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Für die Praxis der Pflanzenernährung ist es wichtig, zu wissen, in welcher Weise die Ertragsbildung von der Konzentration eines mineralischen Nährstoffes in der Umgebung der Pflanze abhängt. Da nur diejenigen Nährstoffmengen das physiologische Geschehen in der Pflanze unmittelbar zu beeinflussen vermögen, die sich in der Pflanze befinden, wird angenommen, dass das Wachstum zum Zeitpunktt, d.h. die Geschwindigkeit der Trockensubstanzzunahme zu diesem Zeitpunkt, eine Funktion der zur Zeitt in der Pflanze enthaltenen Nährstoffmenge ist. Diese Nährstoffmenge wird natürlich im Intervall vor dem Zeitpunktt aufgenommen. Deshalb und auch noch aus anderen Gründen hängt das Wachstum zur Zeitt davon ab, wie die in der Umgebung der Pflanze herrschende Konzentration des betrachteten Nährstoffes in demjenigen Zeitintervall verläuft, das sich von der Aussaat bis zum Zeitpunktt erstreckt. Die angegebene Annahme fürhrt zusammen mit einigen weiteren naheliegenden Annahmen zu einem Ansatz, der Ergebnisse liefert, die in verschiedener Hinsicht gut mit der Erfahrung übereinstimmen. Jedoch gibt es auch noch Widersprüche zwischen Theorie und Erfahrung. Durch weitere Ausgestaltung der Theorie lassen sich diese Widersprüche beseitigen. Es wird angeregt, Versuche durchzuführen, deren Resultate Hinweise für die weitere Ausgestaltung der Theorie liefern.
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  • 3
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 20 (1958), S. 33-70 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The dynamics of cell multiplication and differentiation in tissues in asteady state and the kinetics of isotope incorporation into the DNA have been theoretically analyzed. Equations have been derived, with the aid of which thegeneration time, thelife span, and the distribution or rate of death of the cells can be obtained if the tissue is in asteady state, i.e., if the number of cells is maintained constant by constant, equal rates of cell division and cell death and if the mean DNA content per cell is also constant. An equation has also been derived which gives thegeneration time in the case of logarithmic multiplication of cells. Two special cases have been analyzed: InCase 1, the isotope is considered as being introduced into the metabolic system at zero time only; inCase 2, the specific activity of the DNA precursor is considered as being maintained constant. The use of the method has been illustrated by an example in which thegeneration time and themean, themedian, and themode life span, as well as the curve of the rate of death of leukocytes in a patient with chronic leukemic granulocytic leukemia, have been obtained from the rate of P32 incorporation into the DNA. The merits and the limitations of the method are discussed.
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  • 4
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 20 (1958), S. 95-95 
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  • 5
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 305-318 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Freese’s Hypothesis states that a single specific alteration in the sequence of nucleotides of an information-bearing DNA molecule results in a specific mutational effect. Within the framework of the DNA-protein coding problem developed elsewhere, and assuming the quasi-ergodicity of the general coding process, it is shown that Freese’s Hypothesis allows us to derive expressions for the length of the smallest mutable DNA molecule and to obtain a bound for the maximal number of allelic molecules of fixed length. To illustrate these ideas, calculations are carried out on appropriate data from bacternophage and man, and the results are shown to differ by a factor of 10 (modulo the rather crude approximations used). It is further shown that, if ρ(N) and ϱ(N) are respectively the number of information-bearing words of lengthN in a given code and the number of words of lengthN, then the number lim ρ(N)/ϱ(N) depends sensitively on the parameter ∈ which specifiesN→∞ the given code. The implications of this result for the spontaneous aggregation of a sufficient number of information-bearing words to characterize an organism are discussed.
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  • 6
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 319-319 
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 321-335 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract As a “base line” of memorization performance, the behavior of a “perfect learner” is considered. He is characterized by a perfect memory and by the ability to choose the best search procedure in problems where the correct response from a given repertoire is to be found to each of several stimuli under the condition of “right” and “wroing” promptings by the experimenter. Expected learning curves are derived for the case of disjoint response repertoires associated with the stimuli under cyclic and random presentation of the stimuli and for the case of a single response repertoire (a one-to-one matching problem) under cyclic presentation.
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  • 8
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    Notes: Abstract Detailed equations are given for the computation of aortic distensibility in the intact living human patient from measurements of systolic and diastolic arterial pressures, heart rate and cardiac output. From these equations, the aortic characteristics of a large series of normal men of different ages were computed. Comparing these results with measurements on excised aortas, a more pronounced trend toward increasing aortic stiffness with increasing age is evident in living than in dead aortas. Nor-epinephrine and exercise apparently cause the living aortas to constrict but to become more distensible. The same change occurs after 30 minutes of high spinal anesthesia. The ganglionic blocking agents hexamethonium, pentamethonium, and tetraethylammonium usually cause the living aorta to become stiffer, presumably due to dilatation. The aortas of patients with pulmonary disease usually react in different fashion to exercise or tetraethylammonium. The increased aortic distensibility that occurs with the hypertension induced by nor-epinephrine or exercise acts as a compensatory mechanism by decreasing systolic pressure.
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  • 9
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 355-376 
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    Notes: Abstract Dimensional analysis is discussed from the viewpoint of its basic group properties and shown to be an algebraic Abelian group that is useful for analysis of physical measurements. The application of the method to various types of equations and the formulation of previously unclassified dimensions are discussed. Functional dimensional analysis is applied to the problems of cell size and biomass proliferation; future applications are also noted. A number of dimensionless terms have been formulated for cellular physiochemical phenomena. They apparently represent the first systematic study of biological dimensionless numbers recorded in the literature. A dimensionless proliferation law is suggested. A brief analysis of the physical dimensionality associated with information measures is carried out. Entropy and “information” are shown to be completely different in their dimensional meaning; other informational measures of possible interest in biology are proposed. The dimensional coding and computor analysis of biomathematical equations is suggested.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 377-391 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Notes: Abstract Expenditure of energy under several simultaneous forms (mechanical, chemical, etc.) is associated with all muscular activity. The energy is directly related to what is commonly called exertion or effort. This paper defines “muscular effort” quantitatively in terms of some of the elements of the dynamics of the human (and animal) body. It postulates that in all likelihood the individual will, consciously or otherwise, determine his motion (or his posture, if at rest) in such a manner as to reduce his total muscular effort to a minimum consistent with imposed conditions, or “constraints”. The principle, formulated in mathematical terms, is sufficient to ascribe to the moments at all body joints—a matter generally of free choice on the part of the individual—their most likely magnitudes. It therefore renders the equations of human (and animal) motion determinate within this context. The paper also describes briefly an iteration method for the solution of these equations, once they have been made determinate. A simple illustrative application of the principle is included.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 393-403 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Notes: Abstract It is pointed out that two fundamentally different views of primary genetic processes occur in the literature which are frequently confused. The first is a true communication-theoretic view, which regards the genetic apparatus as containing a real information-source and a transducer which converts that information to useful form. The second view is generally expressed as a template scheme based on the Watson-Crick model; it is shown that in this model there is actually no such thing as genetic information in a communication-theoretic sense. Both views are then discussed on the basis of microphysical principles developed in previous work of the author (Bull. Math. Biophysics,22, 227–255, 1960) in an attempt to find which approach is in closer accord with the biological facts. It is shown that, if the communication-theoretic view is correct, then the information-bearing object must act as a “catalyst,” but it is pointed out that the type of catalysis involved must be of a fundamentally different nature than that occurring in familiar enzyme-catalyzed reactions. On the basis of general considerations of irreversible changes in microphysical measuring systems, it is shown that any type of template must suffer a gradual and irreversible denaturation, which seems to make it unlikely that a template could play a primary role in fundamental genetic processes.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 405-411 
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    Notes: Abstract The theory developed in previous papers and based on distribution curves of definite form is generalized to any form of unimodel distributions. The time course of the change from one behavior to another is discussed and a general theorem about the time course is established.
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  • 13
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 417-417 
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 1-14 
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    Notes: Abstract Some progress has been made on the problem of the interaction of respiratory gases with whole blood. A working mathematical model for the O2−CO2 interaction phenomena has been developed from mathematical studies of the data. The Edsall-Wyman (1958) model for CO2 absorption is improved upon in this paper by consolidating it with the O2 absorption model developed in paper I of this set (Bernard, S. R.,Bull. Math. Biophysics,22, 391–415, 1960). This improved model assumed the effect of O2 on CO2 absorption is mediated through the electrical charge possessed by the hemoglobin molecule,i.e., O2 molecules bound to hemoglobin displace protons from the hemoglobin thereby increasing the negative charge on the hemoglobin and at the same time increasing the acidity of the solution. The model is tested against the data.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 15-18 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Notes: Abstract On the basis of previously proposed mathematical models of social behavior, the present note investigates the possibility of the control of behavior remaining permanently in the hands of one class, if this class possesses sufficient means for influencing mass behavior. The conclusion is reached that, with the assumptions made, if the behavior imposed by the controlling class leads to sufficiently strong dissatisfaction, the control will pass to another class, no matter how strong the controlling power of the first.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 19-29 
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    Notes: Abstract Traffic in one direction on a multilane highway is considered, and a general expression for the number of cars which pass a car travelling at a given velocity, as well as the number of cars which the given car passes, is derived for the case when the speeds of different cars are distributed in some arbitrary manner. Closed expressions are derived and discussed for a rectangular distribution. Each passing by another car or of another car is considered as a distracting stimulus which affects the reaction times of the driver. Using previously derived expressions for the safe speed as a function of reaction times, expressions for the safe average speed are derived, in terms of the volume of traffic and of the spread of the distribution of speeds.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 99-103 
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    Notes: Abstract Emphasis upon the importance of homeostatic feedback has drawn attention away from the complexity of biological processes. A study of glucose metabolism indicates the importance of open-cycle as well as closed-cycle mechanisms. Besides the glucose-dependent mechanism of insulin secretion, many open-cycle processes involving the liver, adrenal glands and kidneys, play important roles in the variation of blood glucose. In addition, glucose utilization by the tissues is essentially open-cycle in nature.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 105-106 
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 413-416 
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    Notes: Abstract In certain situations like the aftermath of a revolution when discontent rises amongst certain groups of the population, it is frequently observed that the discontented groups are firmly convinced that their point of view is shared by the majority of the population. Yet future events prove that this is far from being the case. This effect is partly attributable to “wishful thinking,” partly to a purely social mechanism. The wishful-thinking effect may be considered as a case of psycho-physical discrimination in which a bias is introduced proportional to the degree of satisfaction anticipated from a given situation. H. D. Landahl's well-known equations can be applied to this case. The social factor is based on the circumstance that an individual associates by preference with such other individuals as have similar opinions. This results in an actual error of estimation of the relative minority or majority because of different frequencies of contact with individuals of the two opposing groups. Both factors may be combined into one equation.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 421-422 
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 20 (1958), S. 1-23 
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    Notes: Abstract To account for some of the more important aspects of drug interaction we shall consider a model which can also account for certain general properties of the action of a single drug. A simple model in which there may be enzymatic detoxification of a drug is studied theoretically. The relation between time for appearance of an effect due to the drug and the size of the dose is found to contain the same parameters as the relation between the effectiveness of paired doses and the interval of time between doses. A similar situation holds when the drug is given at a constant rate. When two drugs are administered together, their effect will depend on the manner of interaction, how much of each drug is given, which is given first, and on the interval of time between each administration. A number of plausible types of interaction is considered theoretically in terms of the model, analytical expressions being given for a number of cases. The interaction may be synergistic or antagonistic. In the former case the potentiation may be more than or less than additive depending on the order of delivery and on the time between injections. Methods for the estimation of the parameters from data are discussed.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 31-42 
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    Notes: Abstract This report describes a method by which the concepts of the lead vector and the lead field may be extended to include equivalent cardiac singularities above the first order. The theoretical treatment results in generalization of the well-known lead vector principle into a lead tensor apparatus. The specific electrocardiographic contribution of annth order multipole is found to be the product of annth rank contravariant (“heart”) tensor by a covariant (“lead”) tensor of the same rank, and with identical indices. Methods are also described whereby lead tensor components may be cast into a form which relates them directly to the more usual, spherical harmonic notation of multipolar current generators. Some attention is devoted to the possibility of applying lead tensors to biomedical problems, particularly to the prospect of quantitatively evaluating the significant multipolar components of the human heart.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 43-53 
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    Notes: Abstract A simple model is presented for the formation of functional groups in a random neural net. They show the following characteristics: 1. They can maintain autonomous activity which might serve as temporary memory traces. 2. Early in the process of formation they become resistant to contraction. 3. Later they become resistant to expansion. 4. Nearby groups inhibit one another. 5. Two groups may contain some cells in common.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 55-68 
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    Notes: Abstract Quantum biology is the quantum mechanical study of electrons in molecules of biological interest. This requires the solution of problems involving many electrons. Approximation methods are therefore necessary and are discussed. The present study, concerned with the mobile electrons in riboflavin (FMN) and its radicals (FMN−, FMNH and FMNH2 +), is based on the approximation method, developed by B. Pullman and A. Pullman. The solution of the eigenvalue problems so obtained gives the energy levels of the mobile electron systems involved. The corresponding eigenvectors yield the mobile electronic charges of the atoms of riboflavin radicals which have contributed mobile electrons. Important differences of the net charge distributions of these radicals are emphasized. The longest wave length of light absorption is calculated from the obtained energy levels and agrees, within the accuracy of the method, with corresponding experimental results. From the appropriate calculated results, electronic assignments are obtained for the experimental transitions involved.
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    Notes: Abstract A postulated scheme for sequential enzyme synthesis coupled with linear chain reaction is proposed. Mathematical calculations are carried out for the transient-state formation of enzyme coupled with enzyme-substrate reactions. Examples are presented to demonstrate the relations between various operational parameters during enzyme synthesis as a function of time. Significance of the phenomenon of sequential synthesis is discussed in relation to abnormal growth and cellular injury.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 91-97 
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    Notes: Abstract By introducing a plausible model for the initiation of axonal impulses the output is obtained as a function of the input incoming impulses. If the temporal aspects of the excitatory process resulting from the afferent impulses are sufficiently rapid one obtains the discontinuous or microscopic model of McCulloch-Pitts. If these are sufficiently slow a continuous model, such as Rashevsky’s one or two factor theory, is a natural model. But the linear relation between the strength of excitation of one axon and excitatory factor of the next will not in general hold. However, under conditions which are not too restrictive the linear relation with threshold can be considered as satisfactory approximation over a fairly wide range of values.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 107-108 
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 217-221 
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 233-235 
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    Notes: Abstract With a view to future applications in relational biology, the notion of relations between sets is introduced and several theorems are demonstrated.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 223-232 
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    Notes: Abstract A mathematical theory is developed to explain the observed enhancement of O2 transport through solutions by hemoglobin. At high partial pressures of O2, ordinary diffusion through the solvent accounts for all transport of O2, but at low partial pressures the transport may be increased manyfold by the presence of hemoglobin. This phenomenon is explained and its possible role in living organisms is discussed. The theory also indicates a new method of determining dissociation curves from diffusion experiments.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 261-262 
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    Notes: Abstract A solution in quadratures is found for a special class of differential equations suggested by studies in the growth of competing populations.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 237-260 
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    Notes: Abstract The tremendous complexity of even the simplest living unit makes a correct theoretical guess as to its mechanism very difficult. It is therefore suggested that, following the example of the physical sciences, a number of purely abstract cases in molecular biology be studied mathematically at first. Subsequent comparison of the different conclusions of such an abstract theory with available data would enable us to decide which of the conceivable situations are likely to occur in reality. As a first step toward such a study the problem of the minimal size of a living unit is studied. Usually the minimal size is considered to be determined by information-theoretical requirements. It is shown that the minimal size may have a very different origin. It may be determined by the possibility that too small a system, even though performing all necessary biological functions, may not be viable unless it is a member of a large group of other similar systems. This approach is developed both from a metric and from a relational point of view. Some relational characteristics of systems of reactions which possess the elementary metabolic properties of organisms are studied.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 263-276 
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    Notes: Abstract In Yeh, Martinek and de Beaumont (Bull. Math. Biophysics,20, 203–16, 1958), a method is presented for determining successively better central multipole representations of the current generators in a homogeneous conducting sphere by measuring surface potentials at a successively increasing number of points. This paper generalizes the method such that the multipoles may be located at any chosen point in the conductor. The spherical harmonic expansion is advantageously used and the “interior sphere theorem” of Ludford, Martinek and Yeh (Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc.,51, 389–93, 1955) makes possible disturbance potential expressions in closed forms. A method for approximate determination of the eccentricity is also presented. In the theory of electrocardiography, the eccentric multipoles can more accurately represent the heart as a current generator with fewer surface potential measurements than the central multipoles.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 297-303 
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    Notes: Abstract Given three primary events, occurrences or nonoccurrences of two response classes and nonoccurrence of both response classes, with their respective probabilities to be known, and assuming the first two events are disjoint, this paper deduces the error equation of the incorrect response and the latency equation of the correct response under the condition of correlated reward situation.
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    Notes: Abstract Schemes are presented for induced synthesis of the dissociable enzyme in which repeated use of the template is made. The role of the inducer is to release the repression. A mathematical analysis is carried out and expressions are obtained to describe the kinetics of enzyme formation. A practical case (penicillinase synthesis) is compared with theoretically derived equations by using an analogue computer to simulate an enzyme forming system. A good correlation between theoretical and experimental data is obtained.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 23 (1961), S. 419-419 
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    European journal of wildlife research 4 (1958), S. 48-56 
    ISSN: 1439-0574
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    European journal of wildlife research 4 (1958), S. 93-99 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The fortunate circumstance that the world of ancient Mesopotamia from the third up to the first millenium b. C. has preserved not only proofs of plastic art and reliefs, but also thousands of seal pictures, which often show animals, enables us to study the fauna of the ancient Orient much better than that of many other periods and territories. Especially about 2800, 2300, and 1300 b. C. people were very diligent with animal portraits, and naturally they chose in the first place to illustrate chase or chaseable animals. Starting with the lion the bear, wild oxen, wild sheep and goat, the oriental kinds of antelopes and stags up to the ostrich and the wild boar we find here almost complete documentary evidence of the animals to be hunted, which will be continued once more in the later Assyrian reliefs — here not treated. These testimonies are the more valuable because they are generally very animated and prove a surprising capacity of observation of these creatures.
    Abstract: Résumé C'est un fait heureux que du monde de l'ancienne Mésopotamie du troisième jusqu'au premier millénaire a. J.-C. nous sommes remis à coté des pièces justificatives de l'art plastique et de l'art du relief aussi des images de sceaux présentant très souvent des animaux, ce que nous donne la possibilité d'étudier de beaucoup mieux la faune de l'ancien Orient que celle de beaucoup d'autres époques et régions. C'est surtout vers le temps de 2800, 2300 et 1300 a. J.-C. qu'on soignait très bien le portrait d'animaux et ce n'est que trôp compréhensible que se sont surrout les représentations de chasse ou au moins des bêtes bonne à chasser qui y sont en vedette. Commancé par le lion en passant par l'ours au boeuf sauvage, le mouton et la chèvre sauvage, les espèces d'antilopes se trouvant en Asie antérieur, jusqu'au cerf, l'autruche et le sanglier; on y trouve une documentation presque complète sur tous les bêtes bonne à chasser; documentation qui sera encore continuée dans les reliefs de l'ancien Assyrie, quoique ces derniers ne soient pas traités dans cet ouvrage. Ces témoignages sont d'autant plus précieux, qu'ils font le plus souvent épreuve d'une grande vivacité et qu'ils accusent un talent d'observations étonnant chez leurs créateurs.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der glückliche Umstand, daß die Welt Altmesopotamiens vom 3. bis zum 1. Jahrtausend v. Chr. uns neben Belegen der Vollplastik und Reliefkunst Tausende von Siegelbildern aufbewahrt hat und auf diesen häufig Tiere abgebildet sind, ermöglicht es uns, die Fauna des Alten Orients weit besser studieren zu können als die vieler anderer Zeiten und Gebiete. Besonders um 2800, um 2300 und um 1300 v. Chr. hat man sich um Tierporträts sehr bemüht, und hierbei steht verständlicherweise das Jagdbild oder zum mindesten das jagdbare Wild im Vordergrund. Vom Löwen angefangen über Bär, Wildrind, Wildschaf und-ziege, die vorderasiatischen Antilopenarten und den Hirsch bis hin zum Strauß und das Wildschwein wird hier eine nahezu vollständige Beurkundung der jagdbaren Tiere geboten, die dann in den — hier nicht behandelten —spätassyrischen Reliefs noch einmal fortgesetzt wird. Diese Zeugnisse sind um so kostbarer, als sie meist von großer Lebendigkeit sind und eine erstaunliche Beobachtungsgabe ihrer Schöpfer beweisen.
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 74-81 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 159-169 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 201-208 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 183-200 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 220-226 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 249-251 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 265-269 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 233-235 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 337-350 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 291-300 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 391-400 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 82-87 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 88-100 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 143-149 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 259-264 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 213-219 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 227-232 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 252-258 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 315-322 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 323-336 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 351-357 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 65 (1961), S. 358-365 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 1-15 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 56-75 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 76-83 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 97-107 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 108-118 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 132-145 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 119-131 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 146-162 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 163-172 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 173-176 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 189-199 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 200-211 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 212-218 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 219-237 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 238-242 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 243-249 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 250-258 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 277-296 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 324-344 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 297-323 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 345-356 
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    Monatshefte für Mathematik 62 (1958), S. 357-366 
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    European journal of nutrition 2 (1961), S. 91-102 
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    European journal of nutrition 2 (1961), S. 70-90 
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    European journal of nutrition 2 (1961), S. 65-70 
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    Notes: Summary Duodenal souring induced simultaneously withShay's operation totally prevents the development of ulcers. In animals previously fed a tryptophan-ormethionine-deficient diet, respectively, this antiulcerogen effect showed a considerable decrease. In control animals the protective effect of duodenal souring is associated with the effect of activated tissue hormones inhibiting the gastric secretion and improving the blood supply of the stomach whereas the absence of this protective effect in animals fed a deficient diet may be explained by the disturbance in parahormone synthesis due to protein-deficiency. According to our opinion protein-deficient diet predisposes to ulceration on the one side, because it produces a disturbance in the synthesis of intestinal parahormones.
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    European journal of nutrition 2 (1961), S. 103-108 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Diäten, deren Eiweißquelle Torulatrockenhefe war, zeigten den höchsten131J-Einbau in die Schilddrüsen von Ratten. Enthielt dagegen die Diät als Eiweißträger Magermilchpulver, Kasein, Erbsen oder ein Magermilchpulver-Vollei-Sojaextraktionsschrot-Weizenschrot-Gemisch, so betrug der131J-Einbau ca. 50% der Einbaurate der mit der Hefe-Diät ernährten Tiere. Eine Gelatine-Diät ergab einen ähnlich hohen und eine Maismehl-Diät einen gleich hohen131J-Einbau wie die Hefe-Diät. Als Ursache für diese Befunde wird eine spezifische Aminosäure-Imbalance verschiedener minderwertiger Nahrungsproteine vermutet. Weiterhin wurde bei gleicher Diät eine jahreszeitliche Abhängigkeit des131J-Einbaues in die Schilddrüsen der Versuchsratten beobachtet.
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    European journal of nutrition 2 (1961), S. 121-122 
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    European journal of nutrition 2 (1961), S. 1-23 
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    European journal of nutrition 2 (1961), S. 122-122 
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    European journal of nutrition 2 (1961), S. 109-121 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Versuche zum Studium des Eiweißstoffwechsels unter dem Einfluß von Antibiotika durchgeführt, die zu folgenden Ergebnissen führten: 1. Hypophysen von Küken, die unter Beigabe von Aureomyzin (80 mg/kg Futter, bzw. 10 mg/kg Körpergewicht und Tag) gefüttert waren, zeigten im in vitro Versuch gegenüber Kontrollen einen um 47,5% höheren Einbau von35S-Methionin in ihr Eiweiß (P〈0,05). Das mittlere Gewicht der Tiere der Aureomyzingruppe war von dem der Kontrollgruppe nicht signifikant verschieden. 2. Der Einbau von35S-Methionin in das Eiweiß von Leberschnitten bei Küken, die zu ihrer Grunddiät 20 mg/kg Körpergewicht und Tag an Aureomyzin erhielten, war gegenüber dem bei Kontrolltieren nicht gesteigert, obwohl das mittlere Gewicht der Versuchstiere um 7,2% höher als das der Kontrolltiere lag (P〈0,05). 3. Bei einem in vivo Versuch an Küken mit einer täglichen Zulage von 10 mg/kg Körpergewicht Oxytetrazyklin, wurden 2 Stunden nach intraperitonealer Applikation von35S-Methionin der Einbau der Markierung in das Gewebeeiweiß von Leber, Herz und Blutplasma gemessen. Das Plasmaeiweiß der Versuchstiere zeigte gegenüber den Kontrolltieren (ohne Zulage) eine signifikant höhere Inkorporation der Aminosäure (P〈0,05). Der Einbau in das Herz- und Lebereiweiß verlief bei beiden Versuchsgruppen gleich. Zwischen den Einbauraten und der täglichen Gewichtszunahme der Tiere bestehen positive Korrelationen, die mit Ausnahme der für das Herzeiweiß der Kontrollgruppe, signifikant sind. Statistisch gesicherte Unterschiede zwischen den Korrelationskoeffizienten der beiden Versuchsgruppen sind nicht vorhanden.
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    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 10 (1958), S. 301-304 
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    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus einer Untersuchung der aeronomischen Verhältnisse in der unteren Thermosphäre ergibt sich, daß das Maximum der Konzentration an atomarem Sauerstoff seinen Sitz in ungefähr 90 km Höhe hat und unabhängig ist von den Bedingungen des photochemischen Gleichgewichts. Eine solche Verteilung des atomaren Sauerstoffs gestattet einen Schluß auf die Beziehungen, die zwischen dem Transport der Sauerstoffatome und der Emission der Linie 5577 Å des Nachthimmelslichts sowie den niedrigen Temperaturen oberhalb der Mesopause bestehen.
    Abstract: Summary An aeronomic study of departures from photoequilibrium conditions in the lower thermosphere shows that the peak of atomic oxygen concentration occurs in the neighbourhood of 90 km. Its vertical distribution must be associated with the airglow emission at 5577 Å and the low temperatures above the mesopause.
    Notes: Résumé Une étude des conditions aéronomiques dans la thermosphère inférieure montre que le maximum de la concentration de l'oxygène atomique est situé aux environs de 90 km et ne dépend pas des conditions d'équilibre photochimique. Une telle distribution de l'oxygène atomique permet de souligner les relations existant entre le transport des atomes d'oxygène et l'émission de la raie 5577 Å du ciel nocturne et également les basses températures au-dessus de la mésopause.
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    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 10 (1958), S. 328-338 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die auf die planetare Grenzschicht angewandten Bewegungsgleichungen werden für spezielle Verteilungen des Austauschkoeffizienten numerisch integriert. Beschleunigungen werden beibehalten, vertikale, und, in geringerem Maße, zeitliche Variationen des Austauschkoeffizienten angenommen. Die resultierenden Trägheitsschwingungen sind zwar im allgemeinen sehr beschränkt, zeigen jedoch gute Übereinstimmung mit den Beobachtungen. In einzelnen Fällen kann eine Drehung des Windvektors nicht nur im Uhrzeigersinn, sondern auch im Gegenuhrzeigersinn auftreten. Einige Lösungen stimmen gut, andere nicht mit den analytischen Lösungen für einen unbegrenzten Austauschkoeffizienten überein.
    Abstract: Résumé Les équations du mouvement appliquées à la couche limite planétaire sont intégrées pour des distributions particulières du coefficient d'échange turbulent. On tient compte des accélérations et on admet des variations verticales et, en moindre mesure, temporelles du coefficient d'échange. Les oscillations d'inertie qui en résultent sont, il est vrai, très limitées mais s'accordent bien avec les observations. Dans certains cas une rotation de la résultante du vecteur vent peut apparaître, non seulement dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre, mais aussi en sens contraire. Quelques solutions concordent avec celles que l'on obtient en admettant un coefficient d'échange illimité, d'autres pas.
    Notes: Summary The equations of motion applied to the planetary boundary layer are numerically integrated for certain special eddy viscosity distributions. Accelerations are retained, eddy viscosity varied with height and, to a lesser extent, with time. The resulting inertial oscillations, although very limited in generality, show agreement with observations. Not only clockwise but also counterclockwise rotation of the end point of the wind vector can occur in some cases. Some solutions agree and others disagree with the analytical solutions for unbounded eddy viscosity.
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    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 10 (1958), S. 285-290 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wenn man den Einfluß nicht-adiabatischer Vorgänge auf die atmosphärischen Prozesse berücksichtigen will, ist es unentbehrlich, die räumliche und zeitliche Verteilung der Strahlungsbilanz innerhalb der Atmosphäre und längs ihren Begrenzungen zu erkennen. Gleich wie für die synoptischen Daten müssen auch die auf die Strahlung bezüglichen Angaben repräsentativ sein.
    Abstract: Résumé Si l'on veut tenir compte des effets non-adiabatiques sur les processus atmosphériques, il est indispensable de connaître la répartition spatiotemporelle du bilan radiatif dans l'atmosphère et le long de ses frontières. Tout comme pour les données synoptiques, les données relatives au rayonnement doivent être représentatives des grandeurs météorologiques mesurées.
    Notes: Summary In order to be able to account for non-adiabatic effects on atmospheric processes, the space and time distributions of actual values of the radiation balance must be known in the atmosphere and at its boundaries. As for synoptic data, the representativeness of radiation data is an essential requirement.
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    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 10 (1958), S. 291-300 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Methode, das jahreszeitliche Wärmebudget der Atmosphäre zu berechnen, hat auch der Wärmespericherung in den Ozeanen Rechnung zu tragen. Auf Grund von Wasserthermographenwerten und Ozeanoberflächentemperaturen wurden die dem Ozean zugeführten oder von ihm abgegebenen Wärmemengen monatsweise berechnet. Die im Ozean gespeicherte Wärme wurde dann mit der vonGabites aufgestellten Schätzung der durch Strahlung und durch die latente Wärme des Wasserdampfs zugeführten Wärmeenge verglichen und von dieser Vergleichung wurde auf die Erwärmung der Atmosphäre geschlossen. In mittleren Breiten liegt der Erwärmungszuwachs der Atmosphäre während des Großteils des Jahres bei Null, so daß sogar das Vorzeichen der Erwärmung zweifelhaft ist. Während des Großteils des Jahres erfährt die Atmosphäre dagegen in niederen Breiten einen Wärmezuwachs, in hohen Breiten einen Überschuß an Abkühlung. Diese Überschüsse werden durch Bewegungsvorgänge in der Atmosphäre und im Ozean verfrachtet.
    Abstract: Résumé Une méthode visant à calcular le bilan thermique annuel de l'atmosphère doit tenir compte de la chaleur mise en réserve dans les mers. Des mesures de température de l'eau de mer en profondeur et en surface permettent d'établir les quantités de chaleur fournies mensuellement à la mer ou enlevée à celle-ci. La chaleur accumulée fut alors comparée à celle qu'estimeGabites en considérant la chaleur fournie par rayonnement et par la chaleur latente de la vapeur d'eau; on en a tiré une conclusion relative au réchauffement de l'atmosphère. Aux latitudes moyennes, l'accroissement de chaleur de cette dernière est voisine de zéro la plus grande partie de l'année, de sorte que même le signe est douteux. Aux latitudes basses par contre l'atmosphère reçoit de la chaleur pendant la plus grande partie de l'année; elle en perd aux latitudes élevées. Ces gains et ces pertes s'équilibrent in globo par les mouvements de l'air et de l'eau.
    Notes: Summary One method of computing the seasonal heat budget of the atmosphere involves the seasonal heat storage in the oceans. On the basis of bathythermograph data and ocean surface temperatures, the heat added to, or released by the ocean was computed month by month. The heat stored in the ocean was then compared withGabites' estimate of the heat added by radiation and by means of the latent heat of water vapor. From this comparison, the heating of the atmosphere was approximated. In middle latitudes, the net heating of the atmosphere is close to zero during most of the year, so that even the sign of the atmospheric heating is in doubt there. During most of the year, the atmosphere undergoes net heating in low latitudes, and net cooling in high latitudes. The excess is removed by motions of the atmosphere and the ocean.
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    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 10 (1958), S. 339-349 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vereinfachten Bewegungsgleichungen werden gelöst, um Scheitelbreiten für Trajektorienscharen der Luftbewegungen zu finden, die ausgehend von dem Ruhezustand unter Einwirkung eines konstanten meridionalen Druckgradienten polwärts gerichtet sind. Der allgemeine Fall wird diskutiert und es werden Berechnungen für den 20. westlichen Längengrad der Nordhemisphäre für Januar und Juli durchgeführt. Der resultierende Massentransport zeigt, daß im Januar in 32° N ein Konvergenzgürtel auftreten sollte. Dies stimmt gut überein mit der geographischen Breite der Achse des mittleren subtropischen Hochdruckgürtels zu dieser Jahreszeit. Schließlich wird die Form des klimatologischen Modells für niedere Breiten, das durch diese Berechnungen nahegelegt wird, diskutiert.
    Abstract: Résumé Résolution des équations simpflifiées du mouvement pour déterminer l'origine des faisceaux de trajectoires des courants aériens qui, partant du repos, sont dirigés vers le pôle sous l'effet d'un gradient constant de pression méridien. Discussion du cas général; calcul pour le 20e méridien Ouest de l'hémisphère Nord en janvier et en juillet. Le transport de masse résultant montre qu'il doit y avoir en janvier, a 32° de latitude Nord, une ceinture de convergence ce qui concorde bien avec la latitude de l'axe de la zone moyenne des hautes pressions subtropicales en cette saison. Forme du modèle climatologique aux basses latitudes suggéré par ces calculs.
    Notes: Summary The primitive equations of motion are solved to find peak latitudes of families of trajectories of air moving from low latitudes towards the pole from a state of rest under the action of a constant meridional pressure gradient. The general case is discussed first and then calculations are applied to the 20° West meridian in January and July for the Northern Hemisphere. The resulting mass transposition indicates that a belt of convergence should occur at about 32° N in January; this agrees well with the latitude of the axis of the mean sub-tropical high pressure belt at that time of year. The nature of the climatological model in low latitudes suggested by the calculation is then discussed.
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    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 10 (1958), S. 350-354 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary According to Sprung's formula for obtaining the relative humidity from psychrometer-readings, graphs have been produced. For simplifying the method of reading it has been tried to replace the two-dimensional arrangement by a simple slide rule; in this case the psychrometric formula should correspond to the equationR=100 f(t′)/f(t) (t=dry temperature,t′=wet bulb temperature), which is not fulfilled by Sprung's formula. Another formula is therefore here developed, leading to a satisfactory approximation, provided that the division of theR-scale be somewhat modified and differences be allowed up to 2 1/2%.
    Abstract: Résumé Pour déduire l'humidité relative des observations psychrométriques on emploie généralement la formule de Sprung ou des tableaux graphiques en diverses formes reposant sur celle-ci. Pour simplifier la procédure de lecture on a aussi essayé de remplacer ces représentations bi-dimensionelles par un simple curseur. Dans ce cas la formule psychrométrique devrait remplir la conditionR=100 f(t′)/f(t) (t=température sèche,t′=température mouillée), ce qui ne correspond pas à la formule de Sprung. Pour cette raison, on a développé une autre formule qui permet une approximation suffisante à condition que l'on corrige légèrement l'échelle pourR et qu'on admet des écartes jusqu'a 2 1/2%.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach der zur Berechnung der relativen Feuchtigkeit aus Psychrometerablesungen aufgestellten Sprungschen Formel sind graphische Tafeln in verschiedenen Ausführungen hergestellt worden. Um das Ableseverfahren zu vereinfachen, ist auch versucht worden, diese zweidimensionalen Darstellungen durch einen einfachen Rechenschieber zu ersetzen; doch müßte in diesem Fall die Psychrometerformel die Bedingung erfüllenR=100 f(t′)/f(t) (t=Trockentemperatur,t′=Feuchttemperatur), was die Sprungsche Formel nicht tut. Es läßt sich nun eine andere Formel aufstellen, mit deren Hilfe man schon mit einer mäßigen Annäherung auskommt, wenn man die Skaleneinteilung fürR (bzw. logR) etwas korrigiert und Abweichungen bis zu 2 1/2% in Kauf nimmt.
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