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  • tissue culture  (64)
  • Springer  (64)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1985-1989  (64)
  • 1970-1974
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  • 1988  (32)
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  • 1990-1994
  • 1985-1989  (64)
  • 1970-1974
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 11 (1988), S. 31-33 
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: tissue culture ; flask opening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A device has been designed to open tissue culture flasks, which is quick and permits easy access for cell cloning, the removal of complete cell sheets, and staining for microscopy. The brass blade used melts the plastic rather than burning, thus reducing the level of potentially toxic fumes produced by some other methods.
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  • 2
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    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 589-603 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Kalanchöe daigremontiana ; triacontanol ; ferulate esters ; ferulic acid ; tissue culture ; allelopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ferulate esters of normal C22–C30 alcohols were found in the root extract ofKalanchöe daigremontiana and the freen-C30 alcohol, triacontanol, was found on the leaves. Ferulic acid was isolated from the vermiculite in which plants were grown. Whole plant and tissue culture experiments were done to investigate the role of ferulic acid as an allelochemical and of triacontanol as a plant growth regulator inK. daigremontiana and other bioassay systems. No positive growth responses to triacontanol were observed, but inhibitation of growth response of plantlets by ferulic acid was seen.
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  • 3
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    Plant molecular biology 11 (1988), S. 139-145 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ; ribosomal DNA ; Solanum lycopersicoides Dun. ; somatic hybrid ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Restriction fragment polymorphisms were used to identify and quantify the nuclear contributions from each parent to somatic hybrid plants between tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Sub-Arctic Maxi and Solanum lycopersicoides Dun. Three single-copy clones, 2–13, 2–17, and 3–288, and a clone for the 45s ribosomal RNA, pHA2, all mapped to chromosome 2 of tomato, were used in analysis of 47 somatic hybrids. The amount of hybridizing probe for each parental band was quantified by densitometry of the autoradiograph film. Analyses with the three single-copy clones indicated that there were more than two S. lycopersicoides copies in most somatic hybrid plants. For at least one somatic hybrid there was a loss of one tomato copy. No evidence was found for more than two copies donated from tomato or loss of a copy from S. lycopersicoides. Most of the observed variation in copy number of the single-copy clones was consistent with chromosomal changes occurring in the suspension cells from which S. lycopersicoides parental protoplasts were derived. The number of copies of rDNA derived from each parent varied independently of the number of copies of single-copy clones from each parent. Changes in the copy number of rDNA occurred in both tomato and S. lycopersicoides genomes.
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  • 4
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    Cytotechnology 1 (1988), S. 199-214 
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: animal cells ; growth factors ; mammalian cells ; media ; serum ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The increasing interest in products from animal cells has caused an extensive research effort towards development of media for cell cultivation. The basic components in the media used for cultivation of animal cells vary depending upon the characters of the cells and the cultivation method. Basic components consist of an energy source, nitrogen source, vitamins, fats and fatty soluble components, inorganic salts, nucleic acid precursors, antibiotics, oxygen, pH buffering systems, hormones, growth factors and serum. Extensive efforts are directed towards developing serum-free or chemically defined media. Among the serum substitutes is a long list of hormones and growth factors.
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  • 5
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 105 (1988), S. 248-250 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: human embryo ; liver ; hepatocytes ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 6
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 106 (1988), S. 1781-1785 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: leprosy ; tissue culture ; morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 7
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    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 8 (1988), S. 393-410 
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: acetylcholine (ACh) receptor ; desensitization ; membrane potential ; skeletal muscle ; tissue culture ; Na-K pump ; carbamylcholine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. We measured changes in resting membrane potential (E m) and Na-K pump activity, assayed by ouabain-sensitive86Rb uptake, in response to carbamycholine (CCh) and its continued presence in single rat skeletal myotubes in culture. 2. CCh caused immediate depolarization from controlE m (-80 to -85 mV) to near 0 followed by repolarization of varying degrees depending on the age of the culture and temperature of the recording medium; repolarization ofE m was most apparent by culture age 8–9 daysin vitro (DIV),E m reaching values as high as -60 mV by 5–10 min after peak depolarization at 37°C. 3. Input resistance, which decreased during CCh depolarization, increased only slightly during the initial phase of repolarization and then remained essentially unchanged during the major component of membrane repolarization in the presence of CCh. 4. Ouabain, given before CCh, prevented repolarization ofE m and, when given after repolarization had begun, reversed it and causedE m to return to about -7 mV. 5. Na-K pump activity was decreased in myotubes in whichE m did not repolarize or did so only slightly, and was increased by over 40–50% in myotubes whoseE m repolarized by 40–60 mV, even though CCh was still present in the medium. Inhibition of pump activity in non repolarizing myotubes was related to Na influx, inhibition being reversed to stimulation when CCh was administered to myotubes in Na-free medium. 6. Repeated (three or four times) or prolonged (up to 60-min) administration of CCh to myotubes in which repolarization was hardly expressed (age 6–7 DIV) caused increases both in the amount of repolarization and in86Rb uptake, both being related to the number or duration of CCh exposures. 7. We conclude that repolarization ofE m following CCh-induced depolarization of cultured rat skeletal myotubes depends to a large extent on an increase in activity of the electrogenic Na-K pump.
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  • 8
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    Euphytica 37 (1988), S. 83-88 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica ; oilseed crops ; tissue culture ; interspecific hybridization ; biotechnology ; genetic variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ovary culture has been employed for the production of interspecific hybrids of a partially compatible cross of Brassica juncea (2n=36) × Brassica campestris (2n=20). Five to seven days old ovaries cultured on White's medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate (300 mg/l) and sucrose (5%) produced more seeds than any other media tried, but seed development was better on media fortified with plant hormones. The seed yield was better in B. juncea × B. campestris than their reciprocal cross. The plants obtained from ovary-derived seeds were transferred to the field; they were intermediate in some morphological characters and chromosome number (2n=28) as compared to their parents. The flower buds generally did not open and had poorly developed anthers with mostly sterile pollen. The pod size/setting was very much reduced, but healthy seeds were obtained.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Bothriochloa ischaemum ; Cynodon dactylon ; forage grasses ; auxin ; tissue culture ; somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Objectives of this research were to test the effects of plant genotypes and auxin 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) medium concentrations on embryogenic (E) callus production of two grass species. Two Old World bluestem,Bothriochloa ischaemum, accessions (A-8793 and A-8911c) and three bermudagrass,Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., accessions (A-10978b, A12164, and ‘Brazos’) supplied the explant material. Immature inflorescences ≤9 mm in length were placed on modified Murashige-Skoog (MS) agar medium containing 0, 1, 3, or 5 mg L-1 of 2,4-D. Explants of all genotypes produced callus by the end of a 4-week dark incubation period at 25°C. When subcultured onto fresh media and maintained at 25°C with a 16 hr photoperiod, calli became embryogenic within 8 weeks of inoculation. Three mg L-1 of 2,4-D in the media maximized E callus production in both bluestem genotypes and in A-10978b and A-12164 bermudagrass genotypes. Maximum E callus production from Brazos bermudagrass resulted from the 1 mg L-1 treatment. Somatic embryos developed after subculture under light. Embryos showed scutellum-like structures and coleoptile-coleorhiza bipolar organization. Plantlets were regenerated from all genotypes except Brazos, whose embryoids failed to germinate. All callus from Brazos eventually senesced. Light and scanning electron microscopy confirmed regeneration through somatic embryogenesis.
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  • 10
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 12 (1988), S. 235-241 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: tissue culture ; callus ; organogenesis ; strawberry ; somacloning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Shoots were regenerated from callus of the commercially important strawberry varieties Bogota, Brighton, Cambridge Favourite, Hapil, Ostara, Rapella, Red Gauntlet and JILA33 which is a promising selection from a current breeding programme. The callus was initiated from explants of petiole or lamina of leaves of micropropagated shoots in vitro or of lamina or peduncle from greenhouse plants. There was more shoot regeneration with callus from lamina than from petiole although with the variety Hapil, regeneration occurred only with callus from peduncle. With seven of the varieties, shoot regeneration occurred on culture media with BAP and 2,4-D whilst with the remaining variety, Cambridge Favourite, it occurred only with medium which contained 1AA-β alanine conjugate in place of 2,4-D. Regenerated shoots rooted readily and the plants produced are being studied for somaclonal variation.
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  • 11
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 12 (1988), S. 311-314 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; tissue culture ; callus growth ; genotype
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A total of 108 rice varieties were examined for their tissue culture responses. Callus tissues were initiated from the seed, radicle, coleoptile and anther explants. Our results indicated that genotypes differed in the ability to develop vigorously growing callus. The callus growth responses in seed, radicle and coleoptile cultures were intercorrelated, but were not correlated with that in anther culture.
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  • 12
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 13 (1988), S. 77-83 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Dalbergia latifolia ; plant regeneration ; tissue culture ; mass multiplication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A successful procedure was established for in vitro mass multiplication of Indian rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.). In vitro regeneration of plantlets was achieved from callus of shoot tips and shoot segments of over 50-year-old ‘elite’ trees on Murashige & Skoog's medium containing naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and benzylaminopurine (BAP). For rooting, regenerated shoots from the calli were excised and first treated with White's liquid medium or half-strength Murashige & Skoog's medium, supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and naphthaleneacetic acid for 48 h to 72 h. Following this treatment, plantlets were transferred to hormone-free half-strength MS medium. Rooted plantlets were then transferred to pots and grown in the greenhouse.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: maize ; Zea ; amino acid analogs ; selection ; tissue culture ; plant regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tissues resistant to lethal levels of equimolar L-lysine plus L-threonine (LT), 5-methyl-DL-tryptophan (5MT, a tryptophan analog), or S-2-aminoethyl-L-cysteine (AEC, a lysine analog) were selected from maize callus capable of plant regeneration (H99 and W77-R3019 genotypes). Resistance to LT resulted from resistant calli having a 19 times greater level of free threonine than wild type tissues. The resistance was expressed in roots of whole plants; threonine levels were two to nine times greater in leaves and kernels of resistant plants than in wild type plants. Slightly greater levels of isoleucine, lysine and methionine were also noted, particularly in the kernel. Genetic studies with individual resistant plants did not always produce inheritance ratios typical of simple Mendelian inheritance, but by the third generation after plant regeneration a trend towards homozygosity was apparent and the data suggests that LT resistance is inherited as a single dominant nuclear gene. Resistance to 5MT resulted from resistant calli having a 133 to 161 times greater level of free tryptophan than wild type tissues. Also, phenylalanine was 22 to 30 times as great and histidine, tyrosine and valine were about two times as great as in wild type tissues. Resistance was expressed in roots of whole plants, and tryptophan levels were at least 2000 times greater in resistant than in wild type plants. Phenylalanine was also 32 times greater. All regenerant plants resistant to 5MT were both male and female sterile. Resistance to AFC was caused by decreased AEC uptake by the callus tissue and was not due to increased levels of free lysine. Plants were not regenerated from this callus.
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  • 14
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 14 (1988), S. 31-40 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: tissue culture ; Malus domestica ; micropropagation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Shoot tips of ‘York’ and ‘Vermont Spur Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) were cultured in vitro to test the influence of K+, Mg++ and gelling agent concentrations on vitrification. These concentrations were 20.05, 14.05 and 8.05 mM K+, 1.5 and 3.0 mM Mg++, 7.0 g/l Difco Bacto agar and 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/l Gelrite. The lowest K+ level produced a higher percentage of vitrified shoots, affected tissue appearance, reduced shoot number and shoot elongation and apparently altered shoot metabolic activity. Gelrite consistently produced vitrified leaves and stems, even though media gelled with 1.5 g/l Gelrite presented the same apparent gel firmness as using 7 g/l Difco Bacto agar, which did not induce vitrification. Less shoot elongation, fewer total shoots, and more usable shoots of ‘York’ were obtained on Bacto-agar, while similar but less noticeable effects were obtained with ‘Vermont Spur Delicious’. The results presented here show that vitrification can be studied in a standardized system in which the only change is substitution of one gelling agent for another.
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  • 15
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 14 (1988), S. 137-160 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: conifers ; tissue culture ; micropropagation ; adventitious rooting ; acclimatization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rooting and acclimatization procedures for micropropagated conifers are reviewed, with emphasis on their effects on root quality and plantlet performance in the nursery and field. Major influences on root production include auxin concentration and mode of application, shoot quality, donor age, clone and temperature. The development of a fibrous, well-branched root system has been a problem that may be solved by using rooting substrates that are better-aerated than agar. Further development of the root system may be enhanced by early air-pruning and ectomycorrhizal associations. During acclimatization, high humidity is required for conifers. However, conifers have an advantage over non-coniferous plantlets with respect to water loss because of a better development of the needle cuticles prior to transfer to in vivo conditions. In greenhouse and field comparisons with seedlings, plantlets were similar in survival and growth rate, but root systems were less fibrous. Also, features of early maturation have been observed for plantlets, the cause of which is uncertain. Pertinent research with rooted cuttings and seedlings of conifers has been cited to gain a better understanding of the factors involved in root production and development.
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  • 16
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 14 (1988), S. 161-168 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; sugarbeet ; cryopreservation ; tissue culture ; germplasm storage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Meristems aseptically isolated from shoots developed on sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) inflorescences were precultured on modified MS agar medium containing 19.4 μM 6-benzylaminopurine, 6 μM triiodobenzoic acid, and supplemented with 5% DMSO. After two days the meristems were transferred to liquid modified MS medium and the cryoprotectants sorbitol and DMSO added in varying concentrations. The meristems were frozen to −40°C and stored in liquid nitrogen. Growth resumed when the meristems were quick-thawed at 39°C.
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  • 17
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 33-45 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: somatic embryogenesis ; tissue culture ; histology ; Trifolium ; zygotic embryogenesis ; regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The origin and development of zygotic and somatic embryos of Trifolium rubens L. was studied with the aid of paraffin sections and light microscopy. Zygotic embryos were collected, fixed and prepared daily from one to ten days after cross-pollination. Somatic embryos were obtained by plating petiole sections on modified L2 medium with 0.015 mgl-1 picloram and 0.1 mgl-1 6-BAP. Cultured petioles were collected and fixed daily from one to 25 days after plating. Two regions in the vascular bundle sheath of cultured petioles gave rise to callus. The first region was adjacent to the phloem fibers and produced friable callus. The second region gave rise to compact callus that was connected to the fascicular cambium. Somatic embryos originated from single cells in the cortex directly without intervening callus formation and from single cells in the friable callus. In addition, embryos arose from meristematic regions in compact callus. Many early stages of embryogenesis (one, two and four-celled stages) were observed in the cortex and friable callus. Zygotic embryogenesis in Trifolium differs from other legumes in that the suspensor is short and has a broad attachment. This arrangement was observed in zygotic embryos of T. rubens and in many somatic embryos. However, a continuum of somatic embryogenesis was observed where some young embryos had a Trifolium suspensor-like arrangement while others were attached to a long narrow suspensor-like structure more characteristic of Medicago.
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  • 18
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 67-71 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: minimum-growth storage ; cold storage ; silicone ; low temperature ; Vitis ; tissue culture ; regeneration ; somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of the combination of low temperature and silicone treatment on the storage of grape callus (Vitis vinifera L. x V. labrusca L. cv. Kyoho; V. vinifera L. cv. Koshusanjaku) were examined. In ‘Kyoho’, the calli were stored at 10°C successfully for up to 360 days. Embryogenic calli of ‘Koshusanjaku’ stored at 10°C retained the ability of embryogenesis after 360 days of storage. However, the color of both calli became brownish. This was improved by the combination of low temperature and silicone treatment. The calli of ‘Kyoho’ survived by the storage under the combination of 15°C and silicone. Embryogenic calli stored at 10 and 15°C in combination with silicone survived for 360 days, and regenerated only after transfer onto a regeneration medium. Thus the combination of low temperature and silicone affects the longevity of the grape callus.
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  • 19
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 95-105 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii ; tissue culture ; punctured leaf ; morphogenetic response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Various explant sources of Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii were used to examine the effects of growth hormones on morphogenesis in vitro. Initial experiments indicated that punctured leaves were superior to non-punctured ones for both callus growth and formation of shoots and roots on MS medium containing various types and concentrations of growth hormones. After 6 weeks in culture, an average of 178 shoots, 129 roots and 3.1 g fresh weight of callus were directly produced from the abaxial side of each punctured leaf. The best combinations of growth hormones for shoot, root and callus proliferation were 0.88 μM BA plus 0.05 μM 2,4-D, 0.44 μM BA plus 2.69 μM NAA and 0.44 μM BA plus 2.26 μM 2,4-D, respectively. Embryoids were also formed on callus derived from punctured leaves. The number of embryoids varied from 0 to 30 per punctured leaf. Adventitious shoots also developed simultaneously with the embryos. Embryoids were removed with a scalpel at the early developmental stages and placed on MS medium lacking growth regulators. Regenerated plantlets were transferred to pots containing vermiculite for normal growth in the greenhouse.
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  • 20
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 107-111 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Brassica tournefortii ; tissue culture ; regeneration ; micropropagation ; organogenesis in vitro
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cotyledon explants of Brassica tournefortii L. were excised from germinated seedlings and cultured on Murashige & Skoog's [6] basal medium supplemented with various combinations of cytokinins and auxins, Both cytokinin and auxin were required for induction of shoot organogenesis. Of the three cytokinins tested (in combination with a low concentration of IAA), kinetin was found to be the best for shoot regeneration. On this medium, cotyledonary explants invariably underwent callusing followed by multiple shoot formation. NAA in combination with any of the three cytokinins yielded a reduced number of shoots or none, but favoured good callus growth. Callus so produced also regenerated shoots when subcultured on media containing high concentration of KIN or ZEA and low concentration of IAA. Shoots were rooted during prolonged incubation on the same medium or on MS medium free of growth regulators. Mature plants were grown in the greenhouse.
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  • 21
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 161-167 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Cyphomandra betacea ; somatic embryogenesis ; plant regeneration ; tissue culture ; growth regulators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Callus cultures with globular proembryogenic structures were induced from zygotic embryos and hypocotyl segments of Cyphomandra betacea on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D. Proembryogenic structures produced somatic embryos and plantlets on regulator-free basal medium. Pieces of embryogenic callus subcultured on medium with the same original composition gave rise to new globular structures and the potential for plantlet regeneration has been maintained for over a year. The histological examination of these proembryogenic structures suggested that somatic embryos arise from single cells. Regenerated plants are phenotypically normal, having diploid chromosome numbers (2n = 24).
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  • 22
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 183-187 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: tissue culture ; morphogenesis ; suspension culture ; garlic ; Allium sativum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rapidly growing, regenerable suspension cultures were obtained from meristem-derived callus cultures of garlic (Allium sativum L.). The liquid culture medium consisted of MS salts, B5 vitamins, 3% sucrose, 1 mg l−1 naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA). The tissue in the suspension culture was yellow, smooth, organized, and proliferated as nodular clumps. Histological examination revealed that these morphogenic clumps had a well-defined epidermis. Following transfer of the morphogenic clumps to an agar-solidified medium, numerous meristems with green leaf primordia were produced.
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  • 23
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 189-199 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: tissue culture ; Hippophae rhamnoides ; Frankia ; actinorhizal ; in vitro ; nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Micropropagation of the actinorhizal plant Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea-buckthorn) was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 μM of benzylaminopurine (BA). A multiplication frequency of three to five shoots per explant was observed after 28 days. Rooting of these shoots was achieved in a medium containing 1/4 strength MS without growth regulators. The rooted plants were transferred to Turface R artificial substrate and inoculated with pure cultures of two Frankia strains. These plantlets subsequently developed nodules which fixed nitrogen.
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  • 24
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 269-274 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: agar ; Gelrite ; Gossypium hirsutum ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A factorial experiment was performed to develop a medium which would support initiation and proliferation of callus in a diverse group of exotic lines of Gossypium hirsutum. Seed hypocotyls of T1, T25 and T133 were cultured on Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) basal medium (1965) with NAA or 2,4-D tested in combination with BA or kinetin. The best medium from this study was then compared to five published media for support of callus initiation and growth of the varieties Acala 1517-75, Coker 500, Dunn 120, Paymaster 303 and TM1. Furthermore, the effects of two gelling agents, Difco-Bacto agar and Kelco Gelrite, were investigated with each of the six media. Significantly more callus was initiated on media solidified with Gelrite than with agar. The best callus production occurred on LS medium supplemented with 30gl-1 glucose, 0.1 mgl-1 BA and 0.1 mgl-1 2,4-D.
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  • 25
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    Methods in cell science 11 (1988), S. 23-26 
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: dental pulp ; fibroblasts ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A simple, reliable technique for establishing cultures of human pulpal fibroblasts is presented. The technique relies on a sequential digestion of minced pulpal tissue with collagenase and trypsin and produces confluent cultures in 7 to 10 d from four to five pulps.
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    Methods in cell science 11 (1988), S. 129-133 
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: endometrium ; fetal ; tissue culture ; bovine
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Primary epithelial cell cultures were developed from fetal caruncular, adult intercaruncular pregnant, and adult intercaruncular nonpregnant endometrium. Endometrial cells were obtained from both collagenase dispersion or from explant outgrowth, although the explant method was more consistent. Cultures derived from fetal endometrium grew more rapidly and were more viable after subculturing and cryopreservation than were adult-derived cultures. These cultures provide an in vitro system for the study of bovine endometrial physiology and pathology.
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    Methods in cell science 11 (1988), S. 223-227 
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: biosafety ; biohazards ; tissue culture ; containment
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A brief description of the need for procedures to provide a safe working environment for cell culture personnel is outlined, and the methods employed at the American Type Culture Collection to achieve this goal are detailed.
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    Methods in cell science 11 (1988), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: placenta ; trophoblastic cell ; tissue culture ; bovine
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Procedures for the isolation and cultivation of bovine cotyledonary trophoblastic cells from early second trimester placentas are described. Collagenase digestion yielded a single cell suspension of both uninucleate and binucleate cells with minimal contamination with other cell types. Optimal growth conditions were obtained through supplementation of medium with epidermal growth factor, insulin, transferrin, and selenium. Trophoblastic cells survived multiple passages, cryopreservation, and serum deprivation and have been maintained in culture for more than 14 mo. Two cell types were identified by phase microscopy: uninucleated trophoblastic cells and trophoblastic giant cells, which were predominantly binucleate cells. Binucleate cells were present in small numbers through all passages. This procedure provides a reliable method to obtain trophoblastic cell lines for studies of trophoblastic cell physiology and susceptibility to infectious and toxic agents.
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    Euphytica 39 (1988), S. 3-9 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Medicago sativa ; alfalfa ; lucerne ; tissue culture ; callus ; segregation ratio ; complementary genes ; genetic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The genetic control of plant regeneration from callus culture was studied in tetraploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Seven cultivars (total 72 plants) were screened for regenerability. Ladak had the best regeneration response, in which 42% of the plants regenerated. Four regenerable plants and three nonregenerable plants were used to form 10F1 hybrids and three S1 populations. Segregation ratios in the populations suggested that regenerability of alfalfa via petiole culture was under the control of two complementary genes, Rn3 and Rn4. The presence of both dominant genes was necessary for a plant to regenerate in a two-step culture system. The data also indicated that gene dosage influenced regeneration efficiency. Significant reciprocal effects demonstrated that the interaction between callus induction medium and callus regenerability was affected by cytoplasmic factor(s).
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    Cell biology and toxicology 4 (1988), S. 349-356 
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: pancreatic islets ; streptozotocin ; Syrian hamster ; tissue culture ; toxicity
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Pancreatic islets of the Syrian golden hamster were maintained in culture for extended periods of time. Toxicity of streptozotocin in these cultures was evaluated by measurement of insulin secretion. Exposure of islets to 1 or 2 mM streptozotocin immediately following isolation resulted in a permanent and dose-related inhibition of insulin secretion. This was accompanied by islet disruption as observed by phase-contrast microscopy. Culture of islets for 24 hours before streptozotocin exposure afforded protection from toxicity. For example, exposure of freshly isolated islets to 2 mM streptozotocin resulted in complete destruction of beta cells, whereas islets similarly exposed after a 24 hr culture period continued to secrete insulin for many months. Islets maintained in culture for one week before exposure to 0.1–0.5 mM streptozotocin, however, became more sensitive than freshly isolated islets. Repeated weekly exposure of cultured islets to a “non-toxic” concentration (0.1 mM) resulted in sustained suppression of insulin secretion after 11 weeks.
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    BioControl 33 (1988), S. 261-267 
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Lysiphlebus fabarum ; Aphis fabae ; in vitro rearing ; tissue culture ; endoparasitoids ; Lysiphlebus fabarum ; Aphis fabae ; élevagein vitro ; culture de tissus ; endoparasitoïdes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un essai d'élevagevitro de l'endoparasitoïdeLysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) a été effectué. La difficulté d'obtenir des cultures cellulaires permanentes d'Aphis fabae. Sc., a orienté les recherches vers l'élevage des larves dans des substrats inhabituels. On a aussi réalisé des essais en utilisant une lignée cellulairein vitro deCeratitis capitata (Wied.). Un groupe de larves a été élevé dans un milieu auquel avaient été ajoutés les tératocites du parasitoïde. Les femelles deLysiphlebus fabarum n'ayant pas pondu dans les capsules de paraffine renfermant le milieu biologique, des larves prélevées dans les aphides parasités y ont été directement transférées. Plusierus larves ont atteint la maturité au cours de mues successives normales, mais seulement deux d'entre elles sur 48 ont donné naissance à des adultes. La significantion des tératocites parasitaires dans l'élevagein vitro, des hyménoptères Braconides est discuté.
    Notes: Abstract In vitro rearing of the aphid endoparasitoidLysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) was attempted. Successful permanent cultures ofAphis fabae Sc. andMyzus persicae Sulz. cells were not obtained. Therefore, parasitoid larvae were reared in 2 unnatural media rone of which included cells ofCeratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera, Trypetidae). A group of larvae was reared in a substrate to which parasitoid teratocytes had been added. SinceLysiphlebus fabarum females did not oviposit into paraffin droplets including the substrates, the larvae were directly transferred from parasitized aphids into the rearing media. Several larvae reached the final instar, but only 2 out of the 48 tested in the 3 substrates became adults. The meaning of teratocytes inin vitro rearing of Aphidiine, Braconids is discussed.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 106 (1988), S. 1477-1479 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: sarcoma virus ; rats ; tissue culture
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 9 (1987), S. 229-233 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Vigna sp. ; cytology ; tissue culture
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Interspecific hybridization was achieved between cowpea (Vigna unquiculata [L.] Walp) and a hairy wild relative (V. pubescens). Hybrid embryos which otherwise would have shrivelled and failed to germinate were excised prematurely and cultured on a solidified MS medium. The F1 plants were vigorous in growth, partially sterile, slightly hairy and showed some intermediate features between the two parental types. Cytological investigations on F1 pollen mother cells showed average chromosome associations per cell of 0.66I+10.00II+0.34IV.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 9 (1987), S. 19-27 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: cell culture ; growth chamber ; incubator ; proportional thermoregulator ; tissue culture
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The design and construction of an inexpensive precision temperature control system used successfully for microculture applications is described. It is easily assembled from a homemade, precise, solid-state, proportional thermoregulator, resistive heating element, and insulated enclosure. The basic system easily adapts and can be customized for a variety of microculture applications with changes in enclosure dimensions or design. Control temperature accuracy, range and span can be varied by changing the components and design of the thermoregulator and enclosure. A series of such systems placed in a refrigerated or air-conditioned area accomodates multiple, parallel temperature treatments for experiments.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 9 (1987), S. 29-35 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: tissue culture ; micropropagation ; rhizome tip ; Alstroemeria
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plantlets were regenerated from Alstroemeria ‘Alsaan’ rhizome tips cultured in vitro on solid and liquid media based on Murashige and Skoog salt formulation. The quality of the cultures was superior when intact rather than longitudinally sliced rhizome tips were used as explants and when a temperature of 8°C rather than 22°C was used at the initiation stage. More roots were produced on rhizome tips containing a rhizome apical meristem than on rhizome sections lacking such a meristem. Most (90%) of the rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized and developed into true-to-type flowering plants.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 9 (1987), S. 159-165 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: plant regeneration ; propagation ; radish ; Raphanus sativus ; shoot culture ; tissue culture
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Shoot cultures were established from seedling shoot tips of Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus Bailey cv. Gungjung, (Japanese radish) cultured on a Murashige-Skoog medium supplemented with ca. 4.5–135 μM kinetin or N6-benzyladenine. The latter cytokinin supported overall better growth, and 22.2 μM was adopted for maintenance of established cultures. The nitrate: ammonium levels in the medium proved optimal for growth and shoot proliferation and both these parameters were significantly increased by addition of adenine sulfate or sodium phosphate. Rooting of excised shoots was achieved on auxin containing medium. Indole-3-butyric acid (ca. 5 or 10 μM) also enhanced shoot growth. Plants were easily established in soil, appeared morphologically normal, and flowered.
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    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 321-326 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica juncea ; Brassica hirta ; white mustard ; oilseed crops ; tissue culture ; interspecific hybridization ; genetic variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Interspecific hybrids have been obtained in an otherwise incompatible cross betweenBrassica juncea × Brassica hirta through the in vitro culture of hybrid ovules and ovaries. The best response was observed from ovules and ovaries cultured 10–15 and 5–7 days after pollination respectively on a basal medium supplemented with indoleacetic acid, kinetin and casein hydrolysate. In some cases the basal cut end of the ovaries proliferated to form callus and shoots. The in vitro-derived hybrid seeds varied in their colour, size and shape, and the F1 plants in the field showed a large diversity in their morphological traits. The hybrids were sterile, and had an intermediate number of chromosomes (2n=30).
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    Plant and soil 103 (1987), S. 274-276 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: in vitro nodulation ; Leucaena ; micropropagation ; Rhizobium ; tissue culture ; tree legume
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Micropropagated plants ofLeucaena leucocephala nodulated with Rhizobium during thein vitro hardening stage, grew well on N-free-substrate. This is the first report ofin vitro nodulation of micropropagated plants by Rhizobium.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 9 (1987), S. 89-93 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: autumn sage ; micropropagation ; tissue culture
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were designed to determine the optimal MS salt concentration and the best auxin and cytokinin to use for shoot growth of Salvia greggii A. Gray. Full or 1/2 MS salts were superior to 1/4 MS salts based on number of shoots produced. There were no differences in the various auxins tested (IAA, NAA or IBA) as to their abilities to stimulate shoot production or increased fresh weight. BA, and BA + Kin stimulated the greatest shoot number among the cytokinins tested. A final experiment was designed to determine optimal BA and NAA concentrations for shoot growth. A medium containing 11.1μM BA and no NAA produced the best growth of Salvia greggii in vitro. Shoots produced in vitro rooted and acclimatized readily in the green-house.
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    Plant growth regulation 6 (1987), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Maturation ; phase change ; woody plants ; plant growth regulators ; tissue culture
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Phase change, or maturation, in woody plants not only results in changes in growth behavior, but results in increased difficulty in vegetatively propagating select individuals. The process of maturation in woody plants is discussed, with emphasis on methods for reversal of the process, including use of plant growth regulators and tissue culture. Since maturation is manifested by changes in growth behavior, foliar morphology, phyllotaxy, reproductive competence, in addition to numerous other traits, care must be taken to evaluate the effectiveness of rejuvenation methods in terms of all of these traits. Several hypotheses on the mechanism for phase change are discussed.
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    Hydrobiologia 151-152 (1987), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: seaweed ; Agardhiella subulata ; tissue culture ; carrageenan ; sulfate ; IR spectroscopy
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    Topics: Biology
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    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; crown gall ; somaclonal variation ; T-DNA rearrangements ; tissue culture
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract After three years of apparent stability in tissue culture, the single cell derived shooty crown gall line sNT1.013 produced a revertant shoot which had switched from non-rooting (Rod+) and octopine synthesizing (Ocs+) to Rod- Ocs-, indicating that in this revertant TL-DNA genes 4 (causing the Rod+ trait) and gene 3 (causing the Ocs+ trait) had been inactivated. Southern blots revealed that the inactivation of these T-DNA genes was the result of a considerable rearrangement of DNA sequences, accompanied by deletions and possibly also by DNA amplifications. This study for the first time unambiguously proves that foreign genes which have been introduced via Agrobacterium tumefaciens can, at a low frequency, be inactivated after T-DNA integration because of reorganization of T-DNA sequences during tissue culture. This can be considered as an event of somaclonal variation.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 10 (1987), S. 3-10 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Gymnosperm leaves ; regeneration ; histology ; tissue culture
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Juvenile leaves of Cupressus arizonica Green (3–5 mm in length) from eight week old seedlings, were cultured on liquid medium supplemented with isopentenyladenine (2 mgl-1). Buds formed from the explants after three weeks of culture, but further growth occurred only after transfer to half-strength medium without plant growth regulators. Histological analysis at different times of culture, showed an early mitotic activity within transfusion tissue, followed by dedifferentiation of epidermal and mesophyll parenchyma cells at the basal zone of the leaves. The differentiation of vascular nodules always preceded bud formation. The difficulty of conifers to root and grow beyond plantlet stage is discussed.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 10 (1987), S. 11-19 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: amino acids ; ammonium ; somatic embryogenesis ; tissue culture ; Medicago sativa
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of exogenously supplied reduced nitrogen and sucrose on high-frequency somatic embryogenesis in petiole-derived tissue cultures of a diploid and a tetraploid regenerable clone of Medicago sativa ssp. falcata was investigated. There was an absolute requirement for ammonium during embryo induction and differentiation, with 5mM being the optimum for induction and 10–20 mM the optimum for differentiation of somatic embryos. Exogenous amino acids were not essential for differentiation and often even inhibitory, except 1 or 2 g/l casein hydrolysate or 4.4 mM glutamine with 3.1 mM proline which, under certain conditions, resulted in increases of 20–30% in the number of embryos obtained. High and low sucrose concentrations inhibited somatic embryogenesis and there was no reason to deviate from the 3% (0.088 M) sucrose level commonly used in plant tissue culture media. Selected clones from three M. sativa cultivars showed a response similar to the highly regenerable ssp. falcata clone F1.1.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 10 (1987), S. 31-38 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Old World bluestem grasses ; tissue culture ; apomixis ; somatic embryogenesis
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Explants from immature inflorescences of four genotypes of Old World bluestem grasses, (Bothriochloa spp.), produced callus tissue on Linsmaier and Skoog (RM) and 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (1/2 MS) media containing high levels of growth regulators. Callus masses were composed of two distinct tissue types, one a compact, white, embryogenic portion (E calli), the other soft, translucent, gelatinous and nonembryogenic (NE calli). When transferred to medium with a reduced level of 2,4-D, and/or supplemented with zeatin, E callus underwent further organization culminating in shoot production. Light and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the embryogenic pathway of differentiation. Genotype significantly affected callus induction frequency and the number of plants regenerated. The RM medium induced more explants to initiate callus compared to the 1/2 MS medium. Age of the inflorescence explant, as indicated by size, was critical for callus induction. Inflorescences with racemes ≤8 mm in length were superior to older ones. Five-hundred-twenty-two plantlets were regenerated and grown to maturity.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 10 (1987), S. 47-55 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Saccharum spp. ; sugarcane ; micropropagation ; shoot tip culture ; tissue culture
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Micropropagation of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) was studied using two procedures: (1) shoot tip culture; (2) indirect somatic embryogenesis from callus. Shoot tip culture was considered a better method for micropropagation, since it produced plants phenotypically similar to the mother plant and gave a much more rapid multiplication rate when compared to the other procedure.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 10 (1987), S. 197-208 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: soybean ; somatic embryogenesis ; hormones ; tissue culture ; embryo morphology ; plant regeneration
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Somatic embryos were induced in cultures of immature soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) embryos, or isolated cotyledons on MS modified medium supplemented with NAA and 2,4-D, BAP and ABA. When NAA and 2,4-D were compared at similar concentrations (25 and 23 μM), 2,4-D produced larger number of somatic embryos, however, embryogenesis efficiency was improved in media containing NAA by using higher levels (100–150 μM) of the auxin. Somatic embryo morphology varied with auxin type: NAA-induced embryos more closely resembled zygotic embryos than did 2,4-D-induced embryos. Additions of BAP or ABA to auxin-containing media had either no effect or reduced embryo production, although ABA altered the morphology of 2,4-D-induced embryos. In media containing both NAA and 2,4-D, the latter was dominant in terms of embryo morphology. The effects of subculture frequency and of transfers between 2,4-D and NAA media were investigated: Subculture frequency influenced mainly the frequency of normal embryos, while preculture on 2,4-D increased subsequent embryogenesis efficiency on NAA medium but reduced the frequency of normal embryos.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 10 (1987), S. 209-220 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: soybean ; tissue culture ; somatic embryogenesis ; nutritional and physical factors ; plant regeneration ; plantlet growth
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Immature soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) embryos, or cotyledons isolated from them, were cultured on modified MS medium containing B5 vitamins and NAA (50 μM) to induce somatic embryogenesis. The effects of media variables, dissection treatments and light conditions were investigated in this system. The efficiency of embryogenesis increased as sugar concentration decreased from 12 to 1.5%; sucrose and glucose were similarly effective as carbon sources. In an examination of the effects of medium pH, values between pH 5.0 and 7.0 gave similar embryogenesis efficiencies, but the frequency of normal embryos was greater in media with low pH values. In buffered medium (10 mM MES), a pH of 5.0 was inhibitory to embryogenesis, and most normal embryos were produced at pH 5.5. Under various dissection treatments, embryogenesis efficiency and root and callus production were increased by tissue damage. Somatic embryogenesis was observed both in darkness and in light, although embryo development was impaired under high light (80 μE m-2 s-1) conditions. The ability of somatic embryos to germinate was closely correlated with embryo normality, and was influenced little by the hormone content of germination media. Of various media tested for their ability to support the growth of germinated embryos, a medium based on hydroponic nutrient salts, supplemented with yeast extract, and gelled with Difco-Bacto agar gave the best plantlet growth.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 10 (1987), S. 227-233 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Manihot esculenta ; cassava ; plant regeneration ; secondary somatic embryogenesis ; tissue culture
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Somatic embryos isolated from mature seed-derived cotyledon cultures of cassava (Mannihot esculenta Crantz) underwent direct secondary somatic embryogenesis or plant development under appropriate incubation conditions. Isolated somatic embryos were subjected to a two-stage culture procedure similar to that which induced their development on cotyledon explants. This involved incubation for 24–30 days on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 2–8 mgl-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (Stage I medium) before transfer to medium supplemented with 0.01 mgl-1 2,4-D and 0.1 mgl-1 6-benzylamino purine (BAP) (Stage II medium). Under these conditions, secondary somatic embryos developed directly from the cotyledons and shoot-tip region of primary somatic embryos by a developmental process morphologically very similar to that occurring on zygotic cotyledon explants. Apical shoot extension and adventitious root formation occurred when somatic embryos were isolated from parental cultures and incubated on Stage II medium. Somatic embryo-derived plants growing in greenhouse conditions appeared morphologically normal when compared with non-regenerated plants.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 11 (1987), S. 3-11 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Glycine ; soybean ; plant regeneration ; tissue culture
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract More than 5000 cultures, from 30 accessions of six Glycine species, were established to assess the rôle of plant genotype in the response to an agar-solidified culture medium containing B5 salts and vitamins, 3% w/v sucrose, 1.1 mg 1−1 BAP and 0.005 mg 1−1 IBA, already known to induce shoot regeneration in callus of G. clandestina. Shoot initiation was obtained in a variety of explants from G. canescens, G. falcata, G. latrobeana and G. tomentella. With the exception of G. latrobeana, development of buds into shoots followed transfer to B5-based medium with 0.2 mg−1 BAP and 0.005 mg 1−1 IBA. Shoots readily produced roots in hormone-free half-strength B5 medium. In G. latrobeana, both extension and rooting occurred on this medium. Shoot regeneration was obtained in 12 of 30 accessions evaluated, but one accession of G. canescens, G1171, produced shoots and plantlets at a consistently higher frequency than other accessions, with plantlet recovery in more than 70% of the cultures. Bud formation in callus of G. canescens G1171 also occurred if BAP was replaced by 1.0 mg 1−1 kinetin, 2i-p or zeatin, albeit at a lower frequency.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 11 (1987), S. 57-65 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: benzyladenine ; competence ; Pinus ponderosa ; proteins ; SDS-PAGE ; tissue culture
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The placement of Pinus ponderosa embryos on a benzyladenine (BA) supplemented medium induces the differentiation of two distinct morphological types of cotyledons. Cotyledons in contact with the medium (lower cotyledons) do not elongate, and rapidly respond to BA by forming multiple buds along their entire length. Cotyledons not in contact with the medium (upper cotyledons) elongate, do not form buds, and are similar both morphologically and in protein profiles to seedling cotyledons that do not respond to BA. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis, protein differences between these two cotyledon types can be detected as early as one week. These protein differences include the reduced level of a 52,000 Kilodalton (52 Kd) peptide and the appearance of a 4 Kd peptide in the lower cotyledons. These peptide differences may prove useful as markers for tissue that will respond to BA.
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    Keywords: naranjilla ; organogenesis ; Solanum candidum ; Solanum quitoense ; Solanum sessiliflorum ; tissue culture
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    Notes: Abstract Adventitious shoots and roots were regenerated from leaf segments of 3 Solanum species: S. candidum Lindl., S. quitoense Lam. and S. sessiliflorum Dunal. Leaf explants differentiated shoots on modified MS medium supplemented with 23–163 μM kinetin and 0–5.7 µM indoleacetic acid (IAA). Excised shoots were induced to form roots by transfer to media with benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0.09 and 0.11 µM respectively for S. quitoense and 0.01 µM NAA for S. candidum and S. sessiliflorum. Adventitious roots were produced directly from leaf explants with 0–140 µM kinetin and 0–5.7 µM IAA in combination. Rooted plants were successfully established in the greenhouse.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 11 (1987), S. 111-123 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Brassica species ; callus initiation ; genetic differences ; plant regeneration ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In order to know the genetic differences of de- and redifferentiation capacities, seven Brassica species (B. campestris, B. nigra, B. oleracea, B. hirta, B. carinata, B. juncea and B. napus) were cultured in vitro, and their response to the medium supplemented with various combinations of auxin and cytokinin hormones was compared. Important factors for callus initiation were shown to be auxin and species. Calli were induced most frequently in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), whereas α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) induced preferentially roots at a concentration of 2 to 5 mg/l. Callus-, root- and shoot-forming capacities from explanted cotyledon tissues were significantly different among the seven Brassica species. Calli derived from cotyledons and hypocotyls of seven species were transferred to MS media with 20g/l sucrose, 0 to 0.1 mg/l NAA and 0 to 4 mg/l kinetin to compare their regeneration capacities. Among the seven species tested, B. napus (2n=4x=38, genome AACC) had the highest shoot forming capacity (20.0%). Other amphiploid species, B. carinata (2n=4x=34, BBCC) and B. juncea (2n=4x=36, AABB) formed shoots at low frequencies (2.8% and 1.2%, respectively). A diploid species, B. oleracea (2n=2x 18, CC) also showed high shoot formation (10.2% on average). This result suggests that the gene(s) controlling shoot formation may be localized in the C genome. Differences were also found among varieties and cultivars within a species. One of the cultivars, Siberian kale (B. oleracea var. acephala) gave about 50% shoot formation. This kale was shown cytologically to be an autotetraploid (2n=4x=36, CCCC), thus probably possessing a double set of the shoot-forming gene(s).
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 11 (1987), S. 189-207 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: somatic embryogenesis ; photomorphogenesis ; ABA ; tissue culture ; Daucus carota ; light quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Carrot cells were cultured under various light spectra and intensities at different times following the initiation of suspension cultures from callus. The highest intensity white and blue light treatments were inhibitory to growth and somatic embryogenesis. Red and green light were not different from dark treatments which produced the highest total number of embryoids. After extended time in culture, carrot cells in blue light produced secondary embryoids and anthocyanin. Cultures in red light had multiple cotyledons and orange-pigmented radicles. Leafy cotyledons occurred in all light treatments. Abscisic acid production peaked at the heart stage of embryogenesis and synthesis was most pronounced in blue light. Red light enhanced development to the heart stage. Both the red and blue light spectra may be used to manipulate carrot cell cultures to optimize growth.
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    New forests 1 (1987), S. 225-230 
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: Actinorhiza ; alder ; tissue culture ; Frankia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Clonal micropropagation was demonstrated as feasible on a commercial basis for several clones of five Alnus species. Approximately 60,000 ready-to-root individual shoots were multiplied in vitro on modified MS medium supplemented with 2.5–5 μM BAP. A total of 15,500 shoots from different clones were rooted in vitro on half strength MS medium including 1–5 μM IBA. They were transferred under mist conditions within a growth chamber illuminated with high pressure sodium lamps. Those conditions gave 99–100% plantlet survival after four weeks. Plantlets were then inoculated with selected Frankia sp. strains. These nodulated alder plants are under field evaluation at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute, Canadian Forestry Service in Chalk River, Ontario.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: peanut ; tissue culture ; morphogenesis ; grafting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Highly morphogenic callus cultures were isolated from stamens of a wild peanut species, Arachis paraguariensis. These cultures were initiated on modified N6 medium containing 0.2 mg1l-1 4amino-3,5,6-trichloro-picolinic acid (picloram) and 0.5 mg l-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and were maintained on modified N6 medium with 0.008 mg l-1 picloram and 0.25 mg l-1 BAP. Buds formed on the calli growing on the maintenance medium developed into shoots when they were transferred to a MS salts based medium with no hormones. The cultures could also be maintained as a suspension culture in N6 liquid medium. When cell clumps larger tham 840 μm were collected from the suspension culture and transferred to MS medium without hormones, they formed shoots in liquid culture. Root formation rarely occurred in agar or liquid cultures. Therefore, grafting to stems of rooted seedlings was used to obtain plants from regenerated shoots. Eight out of 50 field grown plants produced viable seed.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 9 (1987), S. 131-136 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Hypoxis rooperi ; hypoxoside ; medicinal plant ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three culture types of Hypoxis rooperi T. Moore were examined to determine whether hypoxoside was present. Of these cultures, only root-type cultures were found to contain hypoxoside. Quantification of this compound within these tissues using HPLC, indicated that malformed root (MR) cultures contained the highest levels of hypoxoside. In MR cultures initiated from corm explants, the hypoxoside content was found to fluctuate. Contrary to most reports, neither an increase in sucrose concentration in the basal medium (BM) nor light, stimulated hypoxoside synthesis within this tissue. Alternatively a lowering of the levels of inorganic nitrogen in the BM and the incubation of cultures in continuous darkness, enhanced hypoxoside production.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 9 (1987), S. 151-157 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: tissue culture ; micropropogation ; root induction ; tree
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sour cherry cv. Šumadinka (Prunus cerasus L.) is the leading Yugoslav cultivar for production orchards. A method of micropropagation has been developed for the purpose of growing ‘Šumadinka’ on its own roots and for rapid multiplication. Aseptic cultures were initiated from shoot explants 1–2 mm long on Murashige & Skoog medium with (in mgl-1) 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP): 1, indole-3-yl butyric acid (IBA): 1 and gibberellic acid (GA3): 0–1. The best medium for proliferation was MS with (in mgl-1): BAP 0.5, IBA 0.1, GA3 0.1, but media with (in mgl-1): BAP 0.5, NAA 0.1, GA3 0.1 and BAP 1, NAA 0.1 and GA3 0.1 were also shown to be good. A higher degree of proliferation obtained with some media did not necessarily result in a better quality of plantlets produced. For rooting the best combination of culture medium was achieved with pretreatment 10 days in MS 1/2 with 1 mgl-1 IBA, followed by transfer to a hormone-free medium after 5–10 days, resulting in 88% success. The rooted plants were planted in containers and acclimatized under mist, with over 90% of plants surviving transplantation.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 8 (1987), S. 249-253 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: tissue culture ; micropropagation ; Lisianthus ; Eustoma grandiflorum ; Texas Bluebells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Explants of shoot tips, internodal stem sections, and leaf segments of Lisianthus, Eustoma grandiflorum (Griseb.) Schinners, ‘Dwarf Purple’ were cultured in vitro on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. Explants of shoot tips and internodal stem sections developed into multiple shoots, whereas, leaf segments turned chlorotic on a medium supplemented with 3 mgl-1 benzyladenine (BA) and 0.2 mgl-1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Shoot proliferation was obtained on shoot tips and leaf segments with 3 mgl-1 BA, but internodal stem sections became necrotic and died on this medium. Rooting was induced in cultures with multiple shoots by subculturing explants on a half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2 mgl-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to soil.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 8 (1987), S. 235-242 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Prunus persica ; micropropagation ; tissue culture ; phenolic rooting cofactors ; phloroglucinol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Success at propagating peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) scion cultivars in vitro has been limited. This study describes factors influencing in vitro multiplication and rooting of 8 peach scion cultivars and one rootstock, as well as acclimatization and genetic stability of these cultivars. Shoot multiplication was best when 8.8 μM 6-benzylamino purine (BA) was added to the shoot proliferation medium. Maximum rooting occurred when shoots were placed on 1/2-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, stored in the dark at 4°C for 35 to 40 days and then incubated on rooting medium in the dark at 26°C for 14 days. All cultivars exposed to 1/2-strength MS medium supplemented with 28.5μM of either indoleacetic acid (IAA), indolebutyric acid (IBA) or α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) rooted best on NAA medium. A 5-fold reduction in NAA concentration to 5.8 μM, the use of IAA plus phenolic rooting cofactors, and length of time shoots were in vitro prior to rooting each increased the percentage of rooting for most cultivars. No plant loss occurred during acclimatization. Cytogenetic analysis of micropropagated plants indicated that all plants were diploid, 2n=2x=16. Examination of the performance of in vitro propagated plants under field conditions is now in progress.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 9 (1987), S. 81-88 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: clonal propagation ; Cinnamomum zeylanicum ; tissue culture ; micropropagation ; auxins ; cytokinins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Multiple shoot formation was induced directly from seeds of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn. and also from seedling explants on Murashige and Skoog's medium containing different concentrations and combinations of auxins and cytokinins. Individual shoots were excised and induced to root on White's liquid medium. These plantlets were then transferred to pots in the green house and were eventually grown successfully under field conditions. Explants from the nodal region of these in vitro rooted plants were also subcultured to fresh medium. They produced a new crop of multiple shoots which could again be rooted by the same procedure.
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    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 9 (1987), S. 73-80 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: grape ; secondary embryogenesis ; somatic embryogenesis ; somatic embryo ontogeny ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Anthers and ovaries of Vitis longii ‘Microsperma’ produced embryogenic callus when cultured on solidified Murashige and Skoog medium with 5μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1μM benzyladenine (BA). The initial callus was short-lived. However, long-term embryogenesis from callus was maintained through serial transfers by careful selection of clustered embryos with subtending callus. Alternatively, long term culture maintenance was through secondary embryogenesis which occurred directly from previously formed embryos on medium lacking growth regulators. Somatic embryos were white, exhibited frequent pluricotyly and tended to be larger than zygotic embryos. Histology of embryogenic callus demonstrated the presence of lipid-like substances and abundant starch. Somatic embryos were attached to callus by narrow to wide suspensor-like structures and possessed typical epidermal, cortical, and vascular tissue. Embryo cells contained abundant lipid-like accumulations but no starch. Embryos germinated when placed on medium containing 1μM BA and produced plants of normal appearance.
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    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 175-179 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Festuca arundinacea ; tall fescue ; electrophoresis ; isozyme ; tissue culture ; aneuploids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Chromosome associations of 44 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., 2n=6x=42) plants derived from anther-panicle culture of ‘Kentucky 31’ were evaluated to determine if new genetic stocks could be identified. Seventeen of the plants were euploids (21 II), two were monosomic (20II+1I), 22 were double monosomic (19II+2I) and three were triple monosomic (18II+3I). Zymograms were obtained for phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), acid phosphatase (ACPH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD). The zymograms were identical for GOT, ACPH, and 6-PGD but different patterns were found for MDH and PGI in some of the double monosomics and euploids from a different piece of callus than the majority of the plants.
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    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 7 (1987), S. 61-71 
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: tissue culture ; development ; neurons ; glia ; D2-cell adhesion molecule (CAM)/N-CAM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Anti-BPM is a neuron-specific antiserum which specifically recognizes the D2 cell adhesion molecule in crossed immunoelectrophoresis of Triton X-100-solubilized brain extracts. Here the effect of this antiserum on thein vitro development of cerebellar neuronal cultures is described. 2. The initial adhesion of cells and neurite outgrowth were not influenced by immunoglobulin fractions of anti-BPM. However, after 5 daysin vitro the cultures had become completely disorganized, with the majority of cells being dead at immunoglobulin concentrations greater than 0.5 mg/ml culture medium. 3. This effect was seen only with immunoglobulins and their F(ab′)2 fragments, the F(ab′) fragments being without effect. The addition of anti-BPM to 8-day-old cultures resulted in a more rapid and pronounced rate of cell death. In many instances this was preceded by a rapid “destabilization” of culture organization. 4. The cytotoxic effect of anti-BPM was neuron specific and the small numbers of astrocytes and fibroblasts found in the cultures were unaffected by prolonged exposure to this serum.
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