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  • Articles  (146)
  • Engineering General  (146)
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  • 1995-1999
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  • 1950-1954
  • 1990  (146)
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (146)
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  • Articles  (146)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (146)
  • 1950-1954
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite volume method for prediction of fluid flow in arbitrarily shaped domains with moving boundaries (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 771-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite volume ; Conservative ; Prediction ; Fluid flow ; Moving grid ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper a method is presented that can be used for both the Lagrangian and the Eulerian solution of the Navier-Stokes equations in a domain of arbitrary shape, bounded by boundaries which move in any prescribed time-varying fashion. The method uses the integral form of the governing equations for an arbitrary moving control volume, with pressure and Cartesian velocity components as dependent variables. Care is taken to also satisfy the space conservation law, which ensures a fully conservative computational procedure. Fully implicit temporal differencing makes the method stable for any time step.A detailed description is provided for the discretization in two dimensions, with a collocated arrangement of variables. Central differences are used to evaluate both the convection and diffusion fluxes. The well known SIMPLE algorithm is employed for pressure-velocity coupling. The resulting algebraic equation systems are solved iteratively in a sequential manner. Results are presented for a flow in a channel with a moving indentation; they show favourable agreement with experimental observations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100705
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  • 102
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    Conference diary (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 947-951 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100807
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  • 103
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    Solving numerically the Navier-Stokes equations on parallel systems (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 907-923 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Parallel computing ; Parallel iterative methods ; Numerical splitting techniques ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new general approach for numerically computing flow fields on parallel computing environments is presented, discussed and analysed. The hierarchy presented here is based on a parallel split of operators. A portion of the theory is presented together with its application to two- and three-dimensional flows. This strategy is applied to a two-dimensional problem for which a specific parallel split, called a parabolized split, is given. The parallel algorithm that results from this split is analysed, leading to reasonably good parallel efficiency, which is close to 50%. Actual experiments lead to similar conclusions. This parallel strategy can also be used together with other parallel computing algorithms, such as domain decomposition, to give an optimal-type parallel algorithm for the Navier-Stokes equations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100805
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
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    Time-dependent natural convection in a square cavity: Application of a new finite volume method (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 57-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite volume ; Natural convection ; Comparison study ; Numerical methods ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new finite volume (FV) approach with adaptive upwind convection is used to predict the two-dimensional unsteady flow in a square cavity. The fluid is air and natural convection is induced by differentially heated vertical walls. The formulation is made in terms of the vorticity and the integral velocity (induction) law. Biquadratic interpolation formulae are used to approximate the temperature and vorticity fields over the finite volumes, to which the conservation laws are applied in integral form. Image vorticity is used to enforce the zero-penetration condition at the cavity walls. Unsteady predictions are carried sufficiently forward in time to reach a steady state. Results are presented for a Prandtl number (Pr) of 0-71 and Rayleigh numbers equal to 103, 104 and 105. Both 11 × 11 and 21 × 21 meshes are used. The steady state predictions are compared with published results obtained using a finite difference (FD) scheme for the same values of Pr and Ra and the same meshes, as well as a numerical bench-mark solution. For the most part the FV predictions are closer to the bench-mark solution than are the FD predictions.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110105
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  • 105
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    Upwind discretization of the steady Navier-Stokes equations (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 99-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Upwind schemes ; Navier-Stokes equations ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A discretization method is presented for the full, steady, compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The method makes use of quadrilateral finite volumes and consists of an upwind discretization of the convective part and a central discretization of the diffusive part. In the present paper the emphasis lies on the discretization of the convective part. The solution method applied solves the steady equations directly by means of a non-linear relaxation method accelerated by multigrid. The solution method requires the discretization to be continuously differentiable. For two upwind schemes which satisfy this requirement (Osher's and van Leer's scheme), results of a quantitative error analysis are presented. Osher's scheme appears to be increasingly more accurate than van Leer's scheme with increasing Reynolds number. A suitable higher-order accurate discretization of the convection terms is derived. On the basis of this higher-order scheme, to preserve monotonicity, a new limiter is constructed. Numerical results are presented for a subsonic flat plate flow and a supersonic flat plate flow with oblique shock wave-boundary layer interaction. The results obtained agree with the predictions made. Useful properties of the discretization method are that it allows an easy check of false diffusion and that it needs no tuning of parameters.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110107
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  • 106
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    Finite volume multigrid prediction of laminar natural convection: Bench-mark solutions (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 189-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite volume ; Multigrid ; Numerical accuracy ; Natural convection ; Bench-mark solution ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite volume multigrid procedure for the prediction of laminar natural convection flows is presented, enabling efficient and accurate calculations on very fine grids. The method is fully conservative and uses second-order central differencing for convection and diffusion fluxes. The calculations start on a coarse (typically 10 × 10 control volumes) grid and proceed to finer grids until the desired accuracy or maximum affordable storage is reached. The computing times increase thereby linearly with the number of control volumes.Solutions are presented for the flow in a closed cavity with side walls at different temperatures and insulated top and bottom walls. Rayleigh numbers of 104, 105 and 106 are considered. Grids as fine as 640 × 640 control volumes are used and the results are believed to be accurate to within 0-01%. Second-order monotonic convergence to grid-independent values is observed for all predicted quantities.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110206
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  • 107
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    Interactive vortex shedding from a pair of circular cylinders in a transverse arrangement (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 317-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: FEM-FDM blending technique ; Multiply connected domain ; Pair of circular cylinders ; Symmetric, antisymmetric and asymmetric vortices ; Bistable nature ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Interactive vortex shedding in the multiply connected domain formed by a pair of circular cylinders is analysed by the FEM-FDM blending technique. The vorticity-streamfunction formulation is used to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations at Re = 100, with the time-dependent wall streamfunctions determined from the pressure constraint condition and the far-field streamfunctions from the integral series formula developed earlier by the authors. The standard Galerkin finite element method is used in the relatively small FEM subdomain and the finite difference method based on the general co-ordinate system in the rest of the flow domain. Symmetric, antisymmetric and asymmetric wake patterns are obtained confirming the earlier experimental findings. The bistable nature of the asymmetric vortex shedding as well as the intermittent drifting from one status to the other between symmetric and antisymmetric wake patterns are reported.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110305
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  • 108
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    Numerical solution of the steady incompressible Navier - Stokes equations for the flow past a sphere by a multigrid defect correction technique (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 379-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations ; Rigid sphere ; Finite difference schemes ; Accuracy ; Multigrid ; Defect corrections ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A nested non-linear multigrid algorithm is developed to solve the Navier-Stokes equations which describe the steady incompressible flow past a sphere. The vorticity-streamfunction formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations is chosen. The continuous operators are discretized by an upwind finite difference scheme. Several algorithms are tested as smoothing steps. The multigrid method itself provides only a first-order-accurate solution. To obtain at least second-order accuracy, a defect correction iteration is used as outer iteration. Results are reported for Re = 50, 100, 400 and 1000.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110403
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  • 109
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    Masthead (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110501
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  • 110
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    GSMAC finite element method for unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations at high reynolds numbers (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 479-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: GSMAC finite element method ; Incompressible Navier-Stokes solver ; High Reynolds number ; Driven cavity flow ; Vortex shedding behind a circular cylinder ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new finite element technique is developed for predicting the velocity and the pressure in transient incompressible viscous fluid flows at high Reynolds numbers. The new method is based on the generalized and simplified marker-and-cell method (GSMAC) and has two characteristics: one is an application of the Bernoulli function and the implicit pressure solution algorithm to the explicit fractional time step method; the other is a high-order flux calculation to prevent the pressure field from oscillating. Two examples, driven cavity flows at high Reynolds numbers and vortex shedding behind a circular cylinder, are presented. Satisfactory agreement with experiment is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110503
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  • 111
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    A fractional-step Taylor-Galerkin method for unsteady incompressible flows (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 501-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations ; Time-dependent advection-dominated flows ; Taylor-Galerkin method ; Finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper describes the application of the Taylor-Galerkin method to the calculation of incompressible viscous flows. A finite element fractional-step method for the Navier-Stokes equations is combined with the Taylor-Galerkin method to achieve an accurate treatment of the convection part of the problem. A scheme of second-order accuracy in time for the non-linear convection written in non-conservative form is presented. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the quality of the computed transient solutions in two dimensions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110504
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  • 112
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    Computational experiments on interactions between numerical and physical instabilities (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 541-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Vortex methods ; Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Three numerical examples of singular flows in two and three dimensions computed with the vortex method are presented. The effect of the cut-off parameter is investigated and special techniques are added to the classical vortex method to diminish the numerical instabilities present in the examples.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110506
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  • 113
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    Masthead (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110601
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  • 114
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    Simulation of turbulence with transient mean (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 677-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Turbulence ; Incompressible ; Navier-Stokes ; Finite element ; κ-epsilon ; Transient flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In general the κ-ε turbulence model is used for stationary turbulent mean flow. First we review some of the hypotheses for the derivation of the model. Then we study it from the point of view of the numerical analyst (positivity of κ and ε, boundedness, etc.). Finally we analyse an extension called MPP, specially derived for transient mean flow. The rest of the paper is devoted to a robust (stable) numerical implementation of these models and several tests for the flow behind a cylinder.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110512
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  • 115
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    Finite element formulation for transport equations in a mixed co-ordinate system: An application to determine temperature effects on the single-well chemical tracer test (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 769-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Heterogeneous Equations ; Finite Element ; Residual Oil Saturation ; Single-well Chemical Tracer Test ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Heterogeneous equation systems in a pair of coupled co-ordinate systems are solved by a finite element method. The specific physical application studied is the effect of temperature on single-well chemical tracer (SWCT) tests to measure residual oil saturation (volume fraction of immobile oil phase) remaining after waterflooding of an oil reservoir. Since temperature effects are caused by injecting cooler surface fluid down a well into a warm reservoir, the vertical temperature profile in the wellbore as well as the temperature distribution in the porous oil-bearing layer must be considered.The entire system is modelled to account for the different transport mechanisms. However, it is expedient to divide the connected geometrical region into two model domains. The equations for each submodel are expressed in an appropriate set of co-ordinates. The variational formulation of each model is then discussed.A significant temperature effect on the estimation of residual oil saturation occurs when the radial temperature and concentration wave propagation speeds in the porous formation are about the same. In this case the temperature gradient is located across the chemical tracer bank, causing the chemical reaction rate to vary radially. The temperature effects are demonstrated for two actual field tests in complex reservoirs.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110605
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  • 116
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    Three-dimensional eddy current calculation in multiply connected regions by using the magnetic vector potential (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 881-891 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: There are two methods of using the magnetic vector potential for three-dimensional eddy current calculations. The first method uses the continuous magnetic vector potential which accompanies a scalar potential and has the advantage that no cutting is necessary for the multiply connected region problem. The second method uses the discontinuous magnetic vector potential which accompanies no scalar potential and has the disadvantage that cutting is necessary for the multiply connected region problem. In this paper a formulation using the continuous magnetic vector potential and accompanying scalar potential is given, together with computed results for three three-dimensional multiply connected eddy current problems.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110612
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  • 117
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    Announcement - open boundary condition (OBC) minisymposium (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 952-952 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110703
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  • 118
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    The thermoconvective instability of plane poiseuille flow heated from below: A proposed benchmark solution for open boundary flows (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 1001-1013 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Outflow boundary conditions ; Thermal instability ; Richardson extrapolation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The transient two-dimensional Navier-Stokes and energy equations have been solved numerically for flow in a horizontal channel heated from below in the Boussinesq limit. For the set of dimensionless parameters chosen, the flow consists of periodic transverse travelling waves resulting from a convective instability. The solution is proposed as a benchmark for the application of outflow boundary conditions (OBC) in time-dependent flows with strong buoyancy effects. Richardson extrapolation in both time and space is used in obtaining the solution. Field plots and profiles of velocity, temperature, vorticity and streamfunction at selected axial positions and times are also presented from the finest grid and smallest time step calculation. The calculations have been made on an extended domain so that the effects of OBC used in the present study would be negligible in the test region.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110707
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  • 119
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    An efficient algorithm for strain history tracking in finite element computations of non-Newtonian fluids with integral constitutive equations (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 1015-1031 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Non-Newtonian fluids ; Memory integral constitutive equations ; Polymer melts ; K-BKZ model ; Entry flow ; Vortex growth ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new finite element technique has been developed for employing integral-type constitutive equations in non-Newtonian flow simulations. The present method uses conventional quadrilateral elements for the interpolation of velocity components, so that it can conveniently handle viscoelastic flows with both open and closed streamlines (recirculating regions). A Picard iteration scheme with either flow rate or elasticity increment is used to treat the non-Newtonian stresses as pseudo-body forces, and an efficient and consistent predictor-corrector scheme is adopted for both the particle-tracking and strain tensor calculations. The new method has been used to simulate entry flows of polymer melts in circular abrupt contractions using the K-BKZ integral constitutive model. Results are in very good agreement with existing numerical data. The important question of mesh refinement and convergence for integral models in complex flow at high flow rate has also been addressed, and satisfactory convergence and mesh-independent results are obtained. In addition, the present method is relatively inexpensive and in the meantime can reach higher elasticity levels without numerical instability, compared with the best available similar calculations in the literature.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110708
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  • 120
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    Numerical studies of fluid flow through tubes with double constrictions (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 1113-1126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Constrictions ; Recirculation ; Vorticity ; Streamline ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The flow fields in the neighbourhood of double constrictions in a circular cylindrical tube were studied numerically. The effects on the streamline, velocity and vorticity distributions as the flow passes through the constrictions in the tube were studied in the Reynolds number range 5-200. Double constrictions with dimensionless spacing ratios of 1, 2, 3 and ∞ were studied for a 50% constriction.It is noted that when the Reynolds number is below 10, no recirculation region is formed in the above constricted flow. For Reynolds numbers greater than 10, a recirculation region forms downstream of each of the constrictions. For constriction spacing ratios of 1, 2, and 3, when the Reynolds number is high, a recirculation region spreads between the valley of the constrictions. The recirculation region formed between the two constrictions has a diminishing effect on the generation of wall vorticity near the second constriction area. In general, the peak value of wall vorticity is found slightly upstream of each of the constrictions. When the Reynolds number is increased, the peak wall vorticity value increases and its location is moved upstream. Maximum wall vorticity generated by the first constriction is found to be always greater than the maximum wall vorticity generated by the second constriction. The extent of this spreading of the recirculation region from the first constriction and its effects on the second constriction depend on the constriction spacing ratio and the flow Reynolds number.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110805
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  • 121
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    Masthead (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100101
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  • 122
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    A finite element solution of unsteady two-dimensional flow in cascades (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 13-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Blade-vibration ; Aero-elasticity ; Flutter ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A theory is presented for unsteady two-dimensional potential transonic flow in cascades of compressor and turbine blades using a mesh of triangular finite elements. The theory leads to a computer program, FINSUP, which is fast and has moderate storage requirements, so that it can be run on a personal computer. Comparisons with other theories in special cases show that the program is accurate in subsonic flow, and that in supersonic flow, although the wave effects are smeared by the numerical process, the results for overall blade force and moment have acceptable accuracy. The program is useful for engineering assessment of unstalled flutter of actual compressor and turbine blades.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650100103
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    Taylor-least-squares finite element for two-dimensional advection-dominated unsteady advection-diffusion problems (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 21-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Advection ; Diffusion ; Finite element ; Two-dimensional ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new finite element method, the Taylor-least-squares, is proposed to approximate the advection-dominated unsteady advection-diffusion equation. The new scheme is a direct generalization of the Taylor-Galerkin and least-squares finite element methods. Higher-order spatial derivatives in the new formulation necessitate higher-degree polynomials. Hermite cubic shape functions are used. Extensive comparisons with other methods in one dimension proved that the new scheme is a step forward in modelling this difficult problem. The method offers straightforward generalizations to higher dimensions without losing the accuracy demonstrated in one dimension, i.e. the method preserves the important property of the Taylor-Galerkin scheme of being free of numerical crosswind diffusion. Several numerical experiments were made in two dimensions and excellent results were obtained from the representative experiments.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110103
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    Masthead (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110201
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    Impact - effects of fast transient loadings, W. J. Amman, Wing Kam Liu, J. A. Studer and T. Zimmermann (eds) (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 119-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110108
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    Transient flow past a circular cylinder: A benchmark solution (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 985-1000 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Outflow boundary conditions ; Vortex shedding ; Finite element method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The simulation of the von Karman vortex street behind a circular cylinder has long been used as a benchmark problem to test the performance of numerical algorithms for solving the Navier-Stokes equations. It is particularly suited for comparing different numerical outflow boundary conditions since the computational domain must necessarily be terminated in the vortex street itself. This paper presents detailed numerical results of the flow past a cylinder at a Reynolds number of 100 on a very fine mesh which has been purposely designed to extend past the typically used dimensions. Hopefully, these results can form a basis of a benchmark solution for the comparison of the effects of different outflow boundary conditions.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110706
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    A Chebyshev matrix method for the spatial modes of the Orr-Sommerfeld equation (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 1033-1037 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Chebyshev ; Spectral ; Nonlinear ; Eigenvalue ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Chebyshev matrix collocation method is applied to obtain the spatial modes of the Orr-Sommerfeld equation for Poiseuille flow and the Blasius boundary layer. The problem is linearized by the companion matrix technique. For semi-infinite domains a mapping transformation is used. The method can be easily adapted to problems with boundary conditions requiring different transformations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110709
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    Conference diary (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 261-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110210
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    The numerical solution of the laminar flow in a constricted channel at moderately high Reynolds number using Newton iteration (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 247-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Laminar flow ; Newton iteration ; Artificial viscosity ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The numerical solution of the flow in a stepped channel constricted to half its width has been obtained for Reynolds numbers up to 2000 using Newton's iteration to solve the ensuing algebraic system. In order to avoid high-frequency errors, a locally fine grid is effected near the corner by transformation of the independent variables. The results predict a downstream recirculation region, observed in experiments but not found in earlier numerical calculations. The inclusion of the Dennis-Hudson upwinding, added for stability in SOR methods, whilst giving the same characteristics of the flow, is less accurate by at least an order of magnitude.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110209
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    A formal finite element approach for open boundaries in transport and diffusion ground-water problems (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 287-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite element ; Transport ; Diffusion ; Ground-water ; Open boundaries ; Boundary conditions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the application of the finite element method to diffusion and convection-dispersion equations over a ground-water domain, the Galerkin technique was used to incorporate Neumann (or second-type) and Cauchy (or third-type) boundary conditions. While mass movement through open boundaries is a priori unknown, these boundaries are usually treated as a zero Neumann condition at some far distance from the domain of interest. Nevertheless, cheaper and better solutions can be obtained if these unknown conditions are adequately incorporated in the weak formulation and in the transient solution schemes (open boundary condition). Theoretical and numerical proofs are given of the equivalences between this approach and a ‘well-posed’ problem in a semi-infinite domain with a zero Neumann condition at a boundary placed at infinity. Transport and diffusion equations were applied in one dimension to show the numerical performances and limitations of this procedure for some linear and non-linear problems. No a priori limitations are foreseen in order to find similar solutions in two or three dimensions. Thus the spatial discretization in the proximity of open boundaries could be drastically reduced to the domain of interest.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110303
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    A comprehensive analysis of the viscous incompressible flow in quasi-three-dimensional aerofoil cascades (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 227-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Quasi-three-dimensional flow ; Aerofoil cascades ; Meridional/Blade-to-blade flow interaction ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A rigorous model of the fully elliptic flow over the blade-to-blade stream surface in an annular aerofoil cascade is developed. The model accuracy stems from its precise simulation of the meridional hub-to-casing flow effects, including those of the shear stress components that are created by the spanwise velocity gradients. These stresses are unprecedentedly introduced in the flow-governing equations in the form of source terms and are modelled as such. The final set of flow-governing equations are solved using the Galerkin weighted residual method coupled with a biquadratic finite element of the Lagrangian type. The flow solution is verified against the numerical results of a fully three-dimensional flow model and a set of experimental data, both concerning a low-aspect-ratio stator of an axial flow turbine under a low Reynolds number and subsonic flow operation mode. The numerical results in this case show well predicted aerofoil loading and pitch-averaged exit flow conditions. Also evident is a substantial capability of the analysis in modelling such critical regions as the wake subdomain. It is further proven that the new terms in the governing equations enhance the quality of the numerical predictions in this class of flow problems.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110208
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    Diffusion flame analysis of an afterburner as a function of the air-fuel ratio (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 303-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Afterburner ; SIMPLE-C algorithm ; Air-fuel ratio ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The diffusion flame of an afterburner as a function of the air-fuel ratio is analysed by employing the SIMPLE-C algorithm and the turbulence κ-κ model. In the present analysis, better combustion efficiency of an afterburner with a slightly fuel-lean mixture is shown. The velocity, fuel mass fraction, temperature and combustion efficiency distributions of reacting flow in an afterburner with two V-gutter flameholders as a function of the air-fuel ratio are also discussed and compared. The calculated results in the present analysis can be applied to the fundamental study of reacting flow in an afterburner.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110304
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    Locally mass-conserving Taylor-Hood elements for two- and three-dimensional flow (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 341-353 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite element techniques ; Incompressible flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: By supplementing the pressure space for Taylor-Hood elements, elements that satisfy continuity locally are produced. These elements are shown to satisfy the Babuska-Brezzi compatibility condition by using the patch argument.Two examples are presented, one illustrating the convergence rates and the other illustrating a difficulty with a Taylor-Hood element that is overcome by the element presented here.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110307
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    Masthead (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110401
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    Non-oscillatory shock-capturing finite element methods for the one-dimensional compressible Euler equations (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 405-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: TVD ; TVB ; ENO ; Finite element ; Euler equations ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A class of shock-capturing Petrov-Galerkin finite element methods that use high-order non-oscillatory interpolations is presented for the one-dimensional compressible Euler equations. Modified eigenvalues which employ total variation diminishing (TVD), total variation bounded (TVB) and essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) mechanisms are introduced into the weighting functions. A one-pass Euler explicit transient algorithm with lumped mass matrix is used to integrate the equations. Numerical experiments with Burgers' equation, the Riemann problem and the two-blast-wave interaction problem are presented. Results indicate that accurate solutions in smooth regions and sharp and non-oscillatory solutions at discontinuities are obtainable even for strong shocks.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110405
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    Fourier analysis of the Eulerian-Lagrangian least squares collocation method (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 427-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Eulerian-Lagrangian ; Least squares ; Transport ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A Fourier analysis was performed in order to study the numerical characteristics of the effective Eulerian-Lagrangian least squares collocation (ELLESCO) method. As applied to the transport equation, ELLESCO requires a C1-continuous trial space and has two degrees of freedom per node. Two coupled discrete equations are generated for a typical interior node for a one-dimensional problem. Each degree of freedom is expanded separately in a Fourier series and is substituted into the discrete equations to form a homogeneous matrix equation. The required singularity of the system matrix leads to a ‘physical’ amplification factor that characterizes the numerical propagation of the initial conditions and a ‘computational’ one that can affect stability.Unconditional stability for time-stepping weights greater than or equal to 0-5 is demonstrated. With advection only, ELLESCO accurately propagates spatial wavelengths down to 2Δx. As the dimensionless dispersion number becomes large, implicit formulations accurately propagate the phase, but the higher-wave-number components are underdamped. At large dispersion numbers, phase errors combined with underdamping cause oscillations in Crank-Nicolson solutions. These effects lead to limits on the temporal discretization when dispersion is present. Increases in the number of collocation points per element improve the spectral behaviour of ELLESCO.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110406
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    Infinite elements for water wave radiation and scatteringOPC Contribution No. 27. (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 555-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Infinite element ; Unbounded domain ; Radiation condition ; Wave radiation ; Scattering ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The infinite element method is employed to approximate the solutions of Webster's horn equation and Berkhoff's equation for water wave radiation and scattering in an unbounded domain. Functionals based on the first variational principle are presented. Two new infinite elements, which exactly satisfy the one- and two-dimensional Sommerfeld radiation condition, are presented; the simple shape functions are constructed on the basis of the asymptotic behaviour of the scattered wave at infinity. All the integrals in the functionals involving each infinite element are integrated analytically and, as a result, no numerical integration is required. The programming requirements and computational efficiency are essentially no different than those of the conventional finite element method. For the test cases presented, the numerical results are acceptably accurate when compared with the existing solutions and laboratory data.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110507
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    Finite element analysis of confined turbulent swirling flows (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 697-717 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite elements ; Turbulent swirling flows ; Algebraic stress model ; Particle motion ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The finite element method is applied to incompressible and statistically steady confined turbulent swirling flows. A velocity-pressure formulation is employed. The momentum and continuity equations are solved using a segregated algorithm. Two turbulence models, namely the standard κ-ε model and the algebraic stress model, are considered. It is shown that the algebraic stress model leads to significantly more accurate results in swirling flows compared to the κ-ε model. A novel way of implementing the algebraic stress model is presented in which the stresses are coupled to the Navier-Stokes equations in such a way that they ‘correct’ the effective viscosity hypothesis. This formulation seems to provide a convenient approach for finite elements. In deriving the discretization equations, a streamline-upwind/Petrov-Galerkin method is employed. Comparisons performed between various upwind schemes show that the numerical solution may be substantially affected by the particular upwind procedure used. The analysis is extended to the prediction of particle motion in turbulent swirling flow fields. Here the fluid turbulence is modelled adopting a stochastic approach. The influence of turbulence modelling on particle movement is investigated.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110602
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    Discretization of incompressible vorticity-velocity equations on triangular meshes (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 823-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations ; Vorticity-velocity formulation ; Voronoi diagram ; Complementary volumes ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper describes a new approach to discretizing first- and second-order partial differential equations. It combines the advantages of finite elements and finite differences in having both unstructured (triangular/tetrahedral) meshes and low-order physically intuitive schemes. In this ‘co-volume’ framework, the discretized gradient, divergence, curl, (scalar) Laplacian, and vector Laplacian operators satisfy relationships found in standard vector field theory, such as a Helmholtz decomposition. This article focuses on the vorticity-velocity formulation for planar incompressible flows. The algorithm is described and some supporting numerical evidence is provided.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110608
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    Iterative adaptive implicit-explicit methods for flow problems (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 867-880 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Adaptive implicit-explicit ; Grouped element-by-element ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Iterative versions of the adaptive implicit-explicit method are presented for the finite element computation of flow problems with particular reference to incompressible flows and advection-diffusion problems. The iterative techniques employed are the grouped element-by-element and generalized minimum residual methods.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110611
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    Finite difference and finite element methods for mhd channel flows (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 907-934 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Elements ; Magnetohydrodynamics ; Finite Differences ; Primitive Variables ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A Galerkin finite element method and two finite difference techniques of the control volume variety have been used to study magnetohydrodynamic channel flows as a function of the Reynolds number, interaction parameter, electrode length and wall conductivity. The finite element and finite difference formulations use unequally spaced grids to accurately resolve the flow field near the channel wall and electrode edges where steep flow gradients are expected. It is shown that the axial velocity profiles are distorted into M-shapes by the applied electromagnetic field and that the distortion increases as the Reynolds number, interaction parameter and electrode length are increased. It is also shown that the finite element method predicts larger electromagnetic pinch effects at the electrode entrance and exit and larger pressure rises along the electrodes than the primitive-variable and streamfunction-vorticity finite difference formulations. However, the primitive-variable formulation predicts steeper axial velocity gradients at the channel walls and lower axial velocities at the channel centreline than the streamfunction-vorticity finite difference and the finite element methods. The differences between the results of the finite difference and finite element methods are attributed to the different grids used in the calculations and to the methods used to evaluate the pressure field. In particular, the computation of the velocity field from the streamfunction-vorticity formulation introduces computational noise, which is somewhat smoothed out when the pressure field is calculated by integrating the Navier-Stokes equations. It is also shown that the wall electric potential increases as the wall conductivity increases and that, at sufficiently high interaction parameters, recirculation zones may be created at the channel centreline, whereas the flow near the wall may show jet-like characteristics.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110614
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    A technique for analysing finite element methods for viscous incompressible flow (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 935-948 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Stokes equations ; Mixed Finite elements ; Stability ; Patch test ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We give a self-contained presentation of our macroelement technique for verifying the stability of finite element discretizations of the Navier-Stokes equations in the velocity-pressure formulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110615
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    Open boundary condition symposium benchmark solution: Stratified flow over a backward-facing step (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 969-984 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite element ; Boussinesq ; Open boundary conditions ; Stratified backward-facing step ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents a detailed numerical solution to a simplified version of two-dimensional stratified flow over a backward-facing step with a Froude number of 16/9, a Reynolds number of 800 and a Prandtl number of 1 - one of the Open Boundary Condition Symposium test problems. The steady state solution was derived by integrating the time-dependent Boussinesq equations forward in time using a semi-implicit finite-element-based model on a 38400-element mesh. In addition to presenting the results derived on this grid, the paper also presents the results of a Richardson extrapolation calculation for a set of ‘key’ parameters. It is hoped that this solution can be used as a baseline to compare the performance of the various techniques discussed at the Open Boundary Condition Symposium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110705
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    Conference diary (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 1039-1042 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110710
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    Masthead (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110801
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    Data assimilation for non-linear tidal models (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 1097-1112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Data assimilation ; Kalman filtering ; Shallow water equations ; Water level measurements On-line prediction ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A data assimilation procedure to incorporate measurements into a non-linear tidal model by using Kalman-filtering techniques is developed. The Kalman filter is based on the two-dimensional shallow water equations. To account for the inaccuracies, these equations are embedded into a stochastic environment by introducing a coloured system noise process into the momentum equations. The continuity equation is assumed to be perfect. The deterministic part of the equations is discretized using an ADI method, the stochastic part using the Euler scheme. Assuming that the system noise is less spatially variable than the underlying water wave process, this stochastic part can be approximated on a coarser grid than the grid used to approximate the deterministic part. A Chandrasekhar-type filter algorithm is employed to obtain the constant-gain extended Kalman filter for weakly non-linear systems. The capabilities of the filter are illustrated by applying it to the assimilation of water level measurements into a tidal model of the North Sea.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110804
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