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1

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Ultrasound and densitometry of the calcaneus correlate with the failure loads of cadaveric femurs (1995)

Bouxsein, M. L. ; Courtney, A. C. ; Hayes, W. C.

Springer

Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 99-103

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Calcaneal ultrasound ; Bone mineral density ; Femoral strength ; Hip fracture ; Osteoporosis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract We assessed the bone mineral density (BMD) of 16 matched sets of cadaveric proximal femurs and feet using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We also estimated the femoral neck length from the DXA scans. Quantitative ultrasound densitometry was used to measure the velocity of sound and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) in the calcaneus of each foot. The proximal femurs were then tested to failure in a loading configuration designed to simulate a fall with impact to the greater trochanter. Femoral neck BMD and trochanteric BMD were strongly associated with the femoral failure load (r2=0.79 and 0.81, respectively; P〈0.001), whereas femoral neck length was modestly correlated with femoral failure load (r2=0.27, P=0.04). Calcaneal BMD (r2=0.63, P〈0.001) and BUA (r2=0.51, P=0.002) were also significantly associated with femoral failure load. Given the small sample size, we were unable to detect differences in the strength of the correlations between the independent parameters and femoral failure load. Using linear multiple regression analyses, the strongest predictor of femoral failure load was a combination of femoral neck BMD and femoral neck length (R2=0.85, P〈0.001). Thus, it appears that both femoral and calcaneal bone mineral properties may be useful for identifying those persons at greatest risk for hip fracture.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296338

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2

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Alterations of bone mineral density of the femurs in hemiplegia (1995)

Takamoto, S. ; Masuyama, T. ; Nakajima, M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 259-262

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Bone mineral density ; Hemiplegia ; Activity of daily living

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract We evaluated the bone mineral density (BMD) of the bilateral femurs in 112 patients with hemiplegia using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in order to elucidate the effect of disuse and immobilization. BMD of the paretic side was significantly reduced compared with that of the nonparetic side in hemiplegic patients (femoral neck 0.582±0.014 g/cm2 versus 0.623±0.014 g/cm2 and total femur 0.645±0.02 g/cm2 versus 0.702±0.017 g/cm2; mean±SEM, P〈0.01, respectively). Femoral BMD in both the paretic and nonparetic limb had significantly (P〈0.01) lower values than in age- and sex-matched controls, but the paretic side had a more significant reduction of BMD; femoral neck-20% versus -14% and total femur -24% versus -18%. In addition, patients with impaired activities of daily living (ADL), evaluated by a mobility score, had significantly decreased BMD ratios of paretic/nonparetic side than patients with improved ADL (femoral neck 91% versus 97%, P〈0.01 and total femur 89% versus 94%, P〈0.05). Our results indicated that BMD of both femurs of patients with hemiplegia was reduced, although the paretic side showed a greater BMD decrease. This decrease might be prevented or reduced by improvement of ADL.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318043

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3

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Ultrasound and dual X-ray absorptiometry measurement of the calcaneus: Influence of region of interest location (1995)

Brooke-Wavell, K. ; Jones, P. R. M. ; Pye, D. W.

Springer

Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 20-24

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Ultrasound ; Bone mineral density ; Calcaneus

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract Ultrasound measurements of the calcaneus are related to incidence of osteoporotic fracture. Such measurements are generally made at fixed coordinates relative to a footplate. This study compares measurements at an anatomically located region of interest (ROIanat) and at fixed coordinates (ROIfixed), with bone mineral density measurements, in 84 postmenopausal women. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at both ROIs as well as at lumbar spine and femoral neck. Broadband ultrasound attenuation and velocity of sound were measured using a CUBA system at ROIanat and ROIfixed. Additionally, broadband ultrasound attenuation at ROIfixed was measured using a Walker Sonix instrument. Mean bone mineral density, broadband ultrasound attenuation and velocity of sound did not differ significantly between ROIfixed and ROIanat, although broadband ultrasound attenuation by Walker Sonix (81.4±14.6 dBMHz-1) was significantly (P〈0.001) greater than that by CUBA (63.7±14.2 dBMHz-1). The relationship between broadband ultrasound attenuation and BMD differed significantly between the 2 ROIs and the correlation of this relationship was significantly greater at ROIfixed than at ROIanat (r=0.74 versus 0.46, P〈0.01). The differing relationship may reflect structural variation at different regions. ROI selection may thus be a possible confounding factor in ultrasound measurement.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298991

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4

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Bone mass in androgen-insensitivity syndrome: Response to hormonal replacement therapy (1995)

Muñoz-Torres, M. ; Jódar, E. ; Quesada, M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 94-96

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Androgen insensitivity syndrome ; Hormone replacement therapy ; Bone mineral density

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract The response of bone mass to long-term treatment with estrogen and progesterone in patients with complete androgen-insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is unknown. We report a 17-year-old female patient (karyotype 46 X, Y) with AIS studied during a 4-year period. Bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry in lumbar spine and proximal femur was sharply reduced at the initial visit, and remained unchanged during long-term follow-up on hormone replacement therapy with estrogens and progestin. Bone metabolism markers were all in the normal range. The lack of significant increase in BMD highlights the importance of androgens on bone physiology that cannot be balanced in spite of an appropriate estrogenic milieu.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298426

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5

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Influence of degenerative joint disease on spinal bone mineral measurements in postmenopausal women (1995)

Yu, W. ; Glüer, C. -C. ; Fuerst, T. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 169-174

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Quantitative computed tomography ; Dual X-ray absorptiometry ; Degenerative joint disease ; Osteoporosis ; Bone mineral density

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract We assessed the impact of various forms of spinal degenerative joint disease (DJD) on bone mineral density (BMD) measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a group of postmenopausal women. Lateral (T4-L4) and AP (L1-L4) spinal radiographs were reviewed for fracture and DJD in 209 women (mean age 62.6±6.7). The severity of DJD findings was graded as 0,1, or 2 on the lumbar films, except for vertebral osteophytes which were graded from 0 to 3. Vertebral fractures were defined semiquantitatively as approximately 20% reduction in anterior, middle, or posterior vertebral height. BMD was measured in all subjects by QCT and DXA, including posteroanterior DXA (PA-DXA), lateral DXA (L-DXA) and midlateral DXA (mL-DXA). When BMD was measured by QCT and mL-DXA in the 168 women without fractures, no significant differences were found between women with and those without DJD. However, BMD by PA-DXA was significantly higher in women with DJD changes, particularly when osteophytes were present at the vertebral bodies or facet joints. BMD by L-DXA was less affecied by DJD. For this measurement a significant increase in BMD was only noted in subjects with vertebral osteophytes. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that BMD by QCT and mL-DXA was not affected by DJD. In contrast, for all women, BMD by PA-and L-DXA was affected more by DJD than by fracture status. Chi-square testing demonstrated no significant relationships between vertebral fractures and any of the DJD changes. We conclude that QCT and mL-DXA are superior to PA-DXA and L-DXA in detecting bone loss in patients with DJD. Thus, for these patients, BMD assessment by QCT or mL-DXA may be advisable.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310253

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6

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Is bone mineral density advantage maintained long-term in previous weight lifters? (1995)

Karlsson, M. K. ; Johnell, O. ; Obrant, K. J.

Springer

Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 325-328

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Bone mineral density ; Bone mass measurements ; Duarenergy X-ray absorptiometry ; Weight lifting ; physical activity

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract This cross-sectional study was done in order to ascertain whether there is a lifelong beneficial effect on bone mineral density (BMD) of early, long-lasting, and intense physical exercise. Forty-eight male ex-weight lifters, mean age 64 years (range 50–79) participated. They had followed a training program of an average of 10 hours/week (range 4–20) for an average of 13 years (range 1–34). They had all retired from competitive sport an average of 30 years (range 7–50) ago. Sixty-six age-matched volunteers served as controls. The bone mineral density (BMD, areal density, g/cm2) in the total body, spine, and hips and the fat content and lean body mass were measured with the LUNAR DPX bone mass scanner. In ex-weight lifters 50–64 years of age, the BMD was greater than in controls. After 65 years, no difference was found between the former weight lifters and their controls.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302066

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7

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Effect of femoral rotation on bone mineral density measurements with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (1995)

Goh, J. C. H. ; Low, S. L. ; Bose, K.

Springer

Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 340-343

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Bone mineral density ; Femoral rotation ; Precision error

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract Precision in femoral neck scans with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is affected by variability in positioning and subsequent repositioning of the femur for repeated scans. To study the in vitro effect of femoral rotation on the bone mineral density (BMD), four fresh-frozen cadaveric femurs were fixed in a specially designed jig which allows for rotation of the femurs. BMD measurements of the femurs were done in neutral position (0°) i.e., with the femoral neck axis parallel to the surface of the couch and at 15°, 30°, and 45° of internal and external rotation. In vivo precision of the femoral neck scan was determined in five normal male subjects. The scans were first done with the legs positioned using the manufacturer's foot block. Five scans were performed, with repositioning, on the left hip of each subject. The procedure was then repeated with the legs positioned using a custom-designed positioning jig to minimize the rotation of the hips during a scan. In the in vitro study, the femoral neck BMD value was minimum at neutral position (0°) and increased when the femur was rotated internally or externally. In vivo precision error of the femoral neck scan was reduced by almost 50% with the use of the positioning jig when compared with the manufacturer's foot block. Femoral rotation was shown to have a significant effect on BMD measurements, and proper positioning of the femur during a scan can improve precision significantly.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302069

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8

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Tsunenari, T. ; Yamada, S. ; Kawakatsu, M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 5-10

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Menopause ; Bone mineral density ; Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry ; Body weight change

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract We investigated 2-year longitudinal changes of bone mineral density (BMD) in lumbar spine and proximal femur in 64 Japanese women aged 38–67. Forty subjects were premenopausal (mean age 44.9) and 24 postmenopausal (mean age 54.6) at enrollment of the study. Six subjects experienced menopause during the 2-year study period and were defined as the perimenopausal group. Measurements of BMD were performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at L2–4, femoral neck, greater trochanter, and Ward's triangle. Paired t test revealed no significant decrease in BMD at any site in the premenopausal group. Significant annual decrease in BMD was observed in the perimenopausal group at L2–4, femoral neck, and greater trochanter. A similar tendency was observed in Ward's triangle, but did not reach statistical significance. In the postmenopausal group, significant decrease in BMD was found at the proximal femur, but not at L2–4. Significant inverse correlation between age and change rate of BMD was found at L2–4, but not at the proximal femur, in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, there was a significant association between body weight (BW) change and change rate in BMD at L2–4, femoral neck, or greater trochanter. This association was not found in the premenopausal group. These results suggest that effect of menopause on BMD may be different in individuals and sites of the skeleton. BW change may affect change in BMD in postmenopausal women. However, the limited variability in both BW and BMD changes among premenopausal women in this study may explain the poor association between change in BW and change in BMD in the premenopausal group. As individual differences in each group is considerably large, annual measurements of BMD may be necessary to find possible candidates for early intervention.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298736

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9

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Bone density in white Brazilian women: Rapid loss at the time around the menopause (1995)

Szejnfeld, V. L. ; Atra, E. ; Baracat, E. C. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 186-191

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Bone mineral density ; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ; Osteoporosis ; Menopause

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and proximal femur (neck, Ward's triangle, and trochanter) in 417 normal women (aged 20–79) living in São Paulo, Brazil. Bone density decreased with age at all sites. At the spine, the greatest decrease occurred during the sixth decade, with an average 11.4% bone loss compared with the previous decade. Stratifying the subjects according to menopausal status revealed that the fastest bone occurred at the time around the menopause (ages 45–60) when the rate of bone loss (-0.66%/year) was almost twice as rapid as in postmenopausal women (-0.39%/year). Although significant linear rates of bone loss were detected in all proximal femur sites before the menopause, a menopause-dependent pattern was less evident that at the spine. Lifetime rates of bone loss at the appendicular skeleton were-0.43,-0.62, and-0.35%/year at the femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and trochanteric area, respectively. After the menopause, BMD declined with menopausal age at all sites, although the rate of bone loss was faster at the femoral neck (-0.62%/year) and Ward's triangle (-0.84%/year) than at the spine-0.49%/year). The results are consistent with the notion that in women, the fastest bone loss occurs at the time round the menopause, most likely consequent to ovarian failure; and that faster rates of bone loss are detected at the proximal femur than at the lumbar spine in late postmenopausal women.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298607

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10

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Ipriflavone improves bone density and biomechanical properties of adult male rat bones (1995)

Civitelli, R. ; Abbasi-Jarhomi, S. H. ; Halstead, L. R. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 215-219

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Bone mineral density ; Bone quality ; Vibration damping ; Impact strength ; Bone turnover

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract To assess the potential impact of ipriflavone on the biomechanical properties and mineral composition of bone, we administered two doses (200 or 400 mg/kg bw) of the drug orally to adult male rats for 1 month. Bone biomechanics were evaluated by vibration damping, an index of strain energy loss, and impact strength (the amount of energy required to fracture after a single impact). At the higher dose, ipriflavone significantly decreased vibration damping of rat femurs by 23.0±9.8% compared with control, vehicle-treated animals, suggesting a higher capacity to withstand dynamic stress. This result was confirmed by the impact strength studies showing that a higher energy (49.6±21.3% above control) was required to fracture femurs of rat treated with 400 mg/kg bw ipriflavone. The high dose of ipriflavone increased bone mineral density, assessed by both volume displacement and ash analysis (4.2% and 2.5% above controls, respectively). The relative content of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in the ashes was not different among the treated and untreated groups, indicating that no gross abnormalities in mineral composition of bone occurred after ipriflavone administration. Similarly, there were no differences in serum calcium and magnesium levels between treated and control animals at the end of the study, whereas lower circulating phosphorus levels were detected in the latter. Ipriflavone treatment was not associated with significant changes in serum alkaline phosphatase nor type I collagen telopeptide levels, two markers of bone turnover. In summary, 1-month treatment with ipriflavone increased bone density and improved the biomechanical properties of adult rat male bones without altering mineral composition. These results lend support to the use of ipriflavone in osteoporotic syndromes.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298613

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11

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Failure load of thoracic vertebrae correlates with lumbar bone mineral density measured by DXA (1995)

Moro, M. ; Hecker, A. T. ; Bouxsein, M. L. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 206-209

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ; Bone mineral density ; Vertebral fracture ; Thoracic

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract Fractures of the thoracic spine account for a large portion of vertebral fractures in the elderly, yet noninvasive measurements of bone mineral properties are limited to the L2–L4 vertebral bodies. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether bone mineral properties of the umbar spine correlate with the failure properties of thoracic ertebrae. Cadaveric lumbar segments were scanned using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) from both the latcrol and anteroposterior projections. Three-body segments L1–L3 and T10–T12 were then compressed to create crush tractures in the L2 and T11 vertebral bodies, and linear corelation analyses were performed to compare each DXA measure with the failure properties of L2 and T11. Lumbar BMD from the lateral view correlated significantly with T11 altimate load (r=0.94, P〈0.001), as did lumbar BMD from the anteroposterior projection (r=0.83, P=0.001). Significant correlations were also found between both lumbar BMD and BMC and the stiffness and energy to failure of I'll. Furthermore, BMD and BMC measured at L2 correlated significantly with L2 ultimate load, stiffness, and energy to failure. We conclude that bone mineral properties measured at the lumbar spine provide a valid assessment of the compressive strength of both thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Lumbar BMD may therefore be used to derive an index for the prediction of thoracolumbar fractures to aid in the early intervention of vertebral fractures.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298611

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12

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Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine in German men and women: A cross-sectional study (1995)

Lehmann, R. ; Wapniarz, M. ; Randerath, O. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 350-354

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Bone mineral density ; Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ; Reference range ; Exclusion criteria

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract A cross-sectional, population-based study of 238 randomly selected females and 224 males with German ethnic background (aged 20–80 years) was carried out to establish lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) values, using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), for a German population. Comparison was made to the reference range provided by the manufacturer of the DXA equipment. No sex difference in peak spine BMD was found in our study (1.091±0.114 g/cm2 for males versus 1.070±0.113 g/cm2 for females, n.s.). Different patterns of bone loss could be detected in both sexes. In premenopausal women there was no significant correlation between age and BMD (y = 1.044 + 0.00047x, r=0.03, P=0.73) whereas reduction of female BMD at the spine was demonstrated in postmenopausal women (y = 1.189−0.0041x, r=-0.28, P=0.01), underscoring the important role of the menopause for later manifestation of spinal osteoporosis in women. In contrast, in males we found no significant change of BMD with aging (y = 1.071−0.0007x, r=-0.08, P=0.25). Employing commonly used exclusion criteria, BMD values of the study subjects were found mostly within the normal range of BMD. The major finding of our study was good concordance between female data of our study population and the reference data provided by the manufacturer. Clinically significant discrepancies between our data and the Hologic reference range for males could be detected. Our data on males (30–39 years of age) were up to 7% lower than those provided by the manufacturer, probably due to differences in sampling procedures.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301600

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13

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Relation of early menarche to high bone mineral density (1995)

Ito, M. ; Yamada, M. ; Hayashi, K. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 11-14

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Bone mineral density ; Menopause ; Menarche ; Osteoporosis ; Peak bone mass

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract The study of background factors in individuals with high bone mineral density (BMD) may provide useful information in the prevention of osteoporosis. We investigated the relationship of reproductive factors to BMD. In 519 female volunteers (327 postmenopausal and 192 premenopausal women) ranging in age from 21 to 74 (mean 52.3 ±11.8) years, spinal BMD values were obtained using both quantitative computed tomography and dual x-ray absorptiometry. The z score was calculated from the mean BMD in each 5-year age group, and high BMD and low BMD was defined as BMD with z score 〉+1.5 and 〈-1.5, respectively. Normal BMD was defined as BMD within the range-1.0 〈z score 〈+1.0. Long reproductive period, early menarche, and late menopause were associated with high BMD. Among these, the reproductive period showed the strongest association with BMD. In postmenopausal women, early menopause had a significant relationship with low BMD, and early menarche also had some relation to high BMD. In premenopausal women, there was a significant relationship between early menarche and high BMD. The age at menarche may have a strong association with peak bone mass, as suggested by the positive correlation of early menarche with high BMD observed in this study. It is considered important to prevent risk factors that disturb the beginning of menstruation in adolescent girls.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298989

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14

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Nuti, R. ; Martini, G. ; Gennari, C.

Springer

Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 336-339

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Total body absorptiometry ; Bone mineral density ; Lean mass ; Fat mass ; Healthy males

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract We examined age-related changes of the entire skeleton and its major anatomical areas (spine, trunk, pelvis, arms, legs) in 139 healthy males (19–99 years of age) and evaluated the influence of lean mass and fat mass on these changes. The population studied was stratified according to their ages referred in decades. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition (fat mass, lean mass) were measured by Lunar DPX. A negative linear correlation between BMD values and age was observed. The overall bone loss from the young to the aged was statistically significant for all skeletal sites, with a lower level of significance for the spinal area: BMD percentage decrease ranged from 19.4% for the pelvis to 9% for the spine. Peak bone mass was observed in the first decade (19–29 years of age). Soft tissue increased until the fifth and sixth decades, followed by a gradual decrease. Lean mass declined in a uniform way from the first to the last decades. BMD values were significantly related to lean mass, but there were no correlations with the fat mass. Lean body mass was significantly related to BMD/height, index of “true” volumetric density. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that in males the principal determinant of total body bone density is fat-free mass.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302068

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15

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Demonstration that bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, trochanter, and femoral neck is higher in black than in white young men (1995)

Bell, N. H. ; Gordon, L. ; Stevens, J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 11-13

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Blacks and whites ; Bone mineral density ; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ; Femoral neck ; Lumbar spine ; Men ; Midradius

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract The incidence of osteoporosis and fractures of the hip and spine is lower in black than in white subjects. To determine whether bone mass is increased in black men and to assess the influence of body weight and age, bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine, trochanter, and femoral neck was measured by dual-photon absorptiometry in 59 normal white men and 40 black men between the ages of 20 and 50 years. Body weight and age were not different from each other in the two groups. BMD of the midradius was measured by single-photon absorptiometry. Multivariate regression was used for independent analysis of each group and for analysis of the two groups together. After adjusting for body weight, age was inversely related to BMD of the femoral neck in both blacks and whites and of the trochanter in blacks. When body weight was analyzed independently of age, it was a positive predictor for BMD of the midradius of black men and of the femoral neck in white men. Despite the racial differences in age and weight on BMD, there were no significant interactions between race and age or race and weight when the data from black and white men were combined. Race had a highly significant effect on BMD of the lumbar spine, trochanter, and femoral neck midradius, and BMD was higher in blacks than in whites at these sites. There were significant declines in BMD with age at the midradius and femoral neck and significant increases in BMD with body weight at the trochanter and femoral neck. Thus, bone mass is higher in black than in white men and the difference in bone mass may contribute to the lower incidence of osteoporosis and fractures in blacks.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298737

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16

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Discrimination of total body bone mineral density measured by dexa in vertebral osteoporosis (1995)

Bagur, A. ; Vega, E. ; Mautalen, C.

Springer

Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 263-267

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Total body ; Bone mineral density

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract The assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) is the usual study to detect patients at risk for developing osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to compare the discriminative ability of total body BMD and its different subregions with the more usual measurements of BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck in women with osteoporotic fractures of the spine. The BMD was determined in 61 osteoporotic (at least one vertebral wedge fracture visible in the lateral X-ray film of the thoracic or lumbar spine) and 61 age-matched control women. Measurements were made by dual X-ray absortiometry (DXA) with a total body scanner. The BMD of the osteoporotic women was significantly lower at all skeletal areas compared with control (P〈0.001). The diminution was less pronounced but still significant at the arms (P〈0.05). The areas with the largest Z score in the osteoporotic group were antero-posterior lumbar spine (-1.78), femoral neck (-1.71), legs (-1.67), and total body (-1.59). There was no significant difference among the Z scores of the four above-mentioned measurements. The Z score of the arms (-0.79), spine (-1.12), and head (-1.29) were significantly lower than the Z score of the total body. The Z score of the pelvis was lower than the Z score of the total body but the difference only approached statistical significance (0.05〉 P〈0.1). The Z score of the anteroposterior lumbar spine (-1.78) was compared with the Z score of the total (-1.12) lumbar (-0.93) and thoracic (-1.38) spine obtained as subregions of the total body. The best differentiation of the two populations was found by measuring the antero-posterior lumbar spine directly (P〈0.01-P〈0.001). In conclusion, the diagnostic differentiation of the total body BMD is similar to that of the anteroposterior lumbar spine and proximal femur measurements. In addition, the measurement of the total body BMD has a lower error and enables simultaneous evaluation of the different subregions of the skeleton as well as the body composition. The BMD of the spine as a subregion of the total body cannot replace the direct evaluation of the anteroposterior lumbar spine.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318044

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Quantitative ultrasound assessment of bone in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (1995)

Minisola, S. ; Rosso, R. ; Scarda, A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 526-528

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Ultrasound ; Bone mineral density ; Primary hyperparathyroidism

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract Quantitative ultrasound measurements were done in a group of 26 patients (4 males and 22 females, aged 55.4 ±14.2 years) with primary hyperparathyroidism, and the results were compared with bone mineral density (BMD) carried out at various skeletal sites. Speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), and stiffness were measured with the Achilles ultrasound bone densitometer (Lunar Corp., Madison, WI). Mean ± SD values of SOS, BUA and stiffness in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were 1522±38 m/seconds, 111±16 dB/MHz, and 80.4±19.8%, respectively. There were significant differences of mean T-score BUA values (-0.63±1.11) compared with corresponding T-score BMD values found at ultradistal (-1.85±1.73, P〈0.01), proximal radius (-2.40±2.13, P〈0.001), and total femoral (-1.60±1.32, P〈0.001) sites. Correlation coefficients between both SOS and BUA values with BMD measurements at specific skeletal sites varied, but stiffness correlated moderately (0.6–0.9) with BMD. Our data strongly indicate that in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, bone structure of some skeletal sites, as evaluated by BUA measurement, is compromised to a lesser extent than BMD. In this respect it is interesting to note the lack of significant differences (in terms of mean T-score values) in the comparison of two sites of mostly trabecular composition, that is, the lumbar level (-1.17±1.54) and the femoral Ward's triangle (-0.99±1.25). Our results seem to lend further support to the hypothesis that in primary hyperparathyroidism cancellous bone architecture might be preferentially maintained. Quantitative ultrasound techniques appear to complement, and could possibly substitute for, existing bone densitometry examinations.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298582

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Bone mineral density in patients with prostatic cancer treated with orchidectomy and with estrogens (1995)

Eriksson, S. ; Eriksson, A. ; Stege, R. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 97-99

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Bone mineral density ; Bone mineral content ; Prostatic cancer ; Endocrine treatment

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured in the femoral neck area, trochanteric area and Wards triangle, and in the distal radius of the left forearm before and after 1 year of endocrine treatment in 27 patients with prostatic cancer. Eleven of the patients were treated with orchidectomy and 16 with combined oral and intramuscular estrogens. The patients were free from metastases during the entire observation period. In the orchidectomized patients, BMD and BMC of the distal radius decreased significantly following treatment, whereas no changes were observed in the estrogen-treated patients. These preliminary results demonstrate that estrogens may protect bone in male subjects also and may merit further investigations on larger groups of patients.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298427

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