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  • 1
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    Drug discovery: schistosome treatment (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shadan, Sadaf -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 20;452(7185):296. doi: 10.1038/452296b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18354470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Anthelmintics/*pharmacology/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Mice ; Oxadiazoles/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Praziquantel/pharmacology/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Schistosoma mansoni/drug effects/metabolism ; Schistosomiasis/*drug therapy/*parasitology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    The role of HLA-DQ8 beta57 polymorphism in the anti-gluten T-cell response in coeliac disease (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-11-28
    Beschreibung: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II alleles HLA-DQ8 and the mouse homologue I-A(g7) lacking a canonical aspartic acid residue at position beta57 are associated with coeliac disease and type I diabetes. However, the role of this single polymorphism in disease initiation and progression remains poorly understood. The lack of Asp 57 creates a positively charged P9 pocket, which confers a preference for negatively charged peptides. Gluten lacks such peptides, but tissue transglutaminase (TG2) introduces negatively charged residues at defined positions into gluten T-cell epitopes by deamidating specific glutamine residues on the basis of their spacing to proline residues. The commonly accepted model, proposing that HLA-DQ8 simply favours binding of negatively charged peptides, does not take into account the fact that TG2 requires inflammation for activation and that T-cell responses against native gluten peptides are found, particularly in children. Here we show that beta57 polymorphism promotes the recruitment of T-cell receptors bearing a negative signature charge in the complementary determining region 3beta (CDR3beta) during the response against native gluten peptides presented by HLA-DQ8 in coeliac disease. These T cells showed a crossreactive and heteroclitic (stronger) response to deamidated gluten peptides. Furthermore, gluten peptide deamidation extended the T-cell-receptor repertoire by relieving the requirement for a charged residue in CDR3beta. Thus, the lack of a negative charge at position beta57 in MHC class II was met by negatively charged residues in the T-cell receptor or in the peptide, the combination of which might explain the role of HLA-DQ8 in amplifying the T-cell response against dietary gluten.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3784325/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3784325/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hovhannisyan, Zaruhi -- Weiss, Angela -- Martin, Alexandra -- Wiesner, Martina -- Tollefsen, Stig -- Yoshida, Kenji -- Ciszewski, Cezary -- Curran, Shane A -- Murray, Joseph A -- David, Chella S -- Sollid, Ludvig M -- Koning, Frits -- Teyton, Luc -- Jabri, Bana -- DK42086/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK55037/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK67180/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK067180/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK067180-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 27;456(7221):534-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07524.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Pathology, Pediatrics and Committee of Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19037317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amides/chemistry ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Celiac Disease/*genetics/*immunology ; Complementarity Determining Regions/chemistry/immunology ; Cross Reactions ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry/immunology ; Gliadin/chemistry/immunology ; Glutens/chemistry/*immunology ; HLA-DQ Antigens/chemistry/*genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Hybridomas/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Polymorphism, Genetic/*genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry/immunology ; Static Electricity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Magnetic resonance imaging of pH in vivo using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled bicarbonate (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-30
    Beschreibung: As alterations in tissue pH underlie many pathological processes, the capability to image tissue pH in the clinic could offer new ways of detecting disease and response to treatment. Dynamic nuclear polarization is an emerging technique for substantially increasing the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging experiments. Here we show that tissue pH can be imaged in vivo from the ratio of the signal intensities of hyperpolarized bicarbonate (H(13)CO(3)(-)) and (13)CO(2) following intravenous injection of hyperpolarized H(13)CO(3)(-). The technique was demonstrated in a mouse tumour model, which showed that the average tumour interstitial pH was significantly lower than the surrounding tissue. Given that bicarbonate is an endogenous molecule that can be infused in relatively high concentrations into patients, we propose that this technique could be used clinically to image pathological processes that are associated with alterations in tissue pH, such as cancer, ischaemia and inflammation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallagher, Ferdia A -- Kettunen, Mikko I -- Day, Sam E -- Hu, De-En -- Ardenkjaer-Larsen, Jan Henrik -- Zandt, Rene in 't -- Jensen, Pernille R -- Karlsson, Magnus -- Golman, Klaes -- Lerche, Mathilde H -- Brindle, Kevin M -- C197/A3514/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):940-3. doi: 10.1038/nature07017. Epub 2008 May 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18509335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Animals ; Bicarbonates/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes ; Carbonic Anhydrases/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lymphoma/*diagnosis/*metabolism/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Phantoms, Imaging
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    The CRAC channel consists of a tetramer formed by Stim-induced dimerization of Orai dimers (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-09-30
    Beschreibung: Ca(2+)-release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels underlie sustained Ca(2+) signalling in lymphocytes and numerous other cells after Ca(2+) liberation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). RNA interference screening approaches identified two proteins, Stim and Orai, that together form the molecular basis for CRAC channel activity. Stim senses depletion of the ER Ca(2+) store and physically relays this information by translocating from the ER to junctions adjacent to the plasma membrane, and Orai embodies the pore of the plasma membrane calcium channel. A close interaction between Stim and Orai, identified by co-immunoprecipitation and by Forster resonance energy transfer, is involved in the opening of the Ca(2+) channel formed by Orai subunits. Most ion channels are multimers of pore-forming subunits surrounding a central channel, which are preassembled in the ER and transported in their final stoichiometry to the plasma membrane. Here we show, by biochemical analysis after cross-linking in cell lysates and intact cells and by using non-denaturing gel electrophoresis without cross-linking, that Orai is predominantly a dimer in the plasma membrane under resting conditions. Moreover, single-molecule imaging of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Orai expressed in Xenopus oocytes showed predominantly two-step photobleaching, again consistent with a dimeric basal state. In contrast, co-expression of GFP-tagged Orai with the carboxy terminus of Stim as a cytosolic protein to activate the Orai channel without inducing Ca(2+) store depletion or clustering of Orai into punctae yielded mostly four-step photobleaching, consistent with a tetrameric stoichiometry of the active Orai channel. Interaction with the C terminus of Stim thus induces Orai dimers to dimerize, forming tetramers that constitute the Ca(2+)-selective pore. This represents a new mechanism in which assembly and activation of the functional ion channel are mediated by the same triggering molecule.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2597643/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2597643/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penna, Aubin -- Demuro, Angelo -- Yeromin, Andriy V -- Zhang, Shenyuan L -- Safrina, Olga -- Parker, Ian -- Cahalan, Michael D -- P30 CA062203/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS014609/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS014609-29/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):116-20. doi: 10.1038/nature07338. Epub 2008 Sep 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, California 92697-4561, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18820677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Calcium Channels/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Drosophila Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Photobleaching ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Xenopus ; Xenopus Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Stem cells. A new year and a new era (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-01-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pera, Martin F -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 10;451(7175):135-6. doi: 10.1038/451135a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18185576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Fetus/cytology ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; HMGB Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics/metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    IRF4 addiction in multiple myeloma (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-06-24
    Beschreibung: The transcription factor IRF4 (interferon regulatory factor 4) is required during an immune response for lymphocyte activation and the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. Multiple myeloma, a malignancy of plasma cells, has a complex molecular aetiology with several subgroups defined by gene expression profiling and recurrent chromosomal translocations. Moreover, the malignant clone can sustain multiple oncogenic lesions, accumulating genetic damage as the disease progresses. Current therapies for myeloma can extend survival but are not curative. Hence, new therapeutic strategies are needed that target molecular pathways shared by all subtypes of myeloma. Here we show, using a loss-of-function, RNA-interference-based genetic screen, that IRF4 inhibition is toxic to myeloma cell lines, regardless of transforming oncogenic mechanism. Gene expression profiling and genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis uncovered an extensive network of IRF4 target genes and identified MYC as a direct target of IRF4 in activated B cells and myeloma. Unexpectedly, IRF4 was itself a direct target of MYC transactivation, generating an autoregulatory circuit in myeloma cells. Although IRF4 is not genetically altered in most myelomas, they are nonetheless addicted to an aberrant IRF4 regulatory network that fuses the gene expression programmes of normal plasma cells and activated B cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542904/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542904/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shaffer, Arthur L -- Emre, N C Tolga -- Lamy, Laurence -- Ngo, Vu N -- Wright, George -- Xiao, Wenming -- Powell, John -- Dave, Sandeep -- Yu, Xin -- Zhao, Hong -- Zeng, Yuxin -- Chen, Bangzheng -- Epstein, Joshua -- Staudt, Louis M -- CA113992/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA97513/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA113992/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA113992-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA097513-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Z99 CA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 10;454(7201):226-31. doi: 10.1038/nature07064. Epub 2008 Jun 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18568025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Survival ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, myc/genetics ; Humans ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Multiple Myeloma/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Eukaryotic initiation factor 6 is rate-limiting in translation, growth and transformation (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-09-12
    Beschreibung: Cell growth and proliferation require coordinated ribosomal biogenesis and translation. Eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) control translation at the rate-limiting step of initiation. So far, only two eIFs connect extracellular stimuli to global translation rates: eIF4E acts in the eIF4F complex and regulates binding of capped messenger RNA to 40S subunits, downstream of growth factors, and eIF2 controls loading of the ternary complex on the 40S subunit and is inhibited on stress stimuli. No eIFs have been found to link extracellular stimuli to the activity of the large 60S ribosomal subunit. eIF6 binds 60S ribosomes precluding ribosome joining in vitro. However, studies in yeasts showed that eIF6 is required for ribosome biogenesis rather than translation. Here we show that mammalian eIF6 is required for efficient initiation of translation, in vivo. eIF6 null embryos are lethal at preimplantation. Heterozygous mice have 50% reduction of eIF6 levels in all tissues, and show reduced mass of hepatic and adipose tissues due to a lower number of cells and to impaired G1/S cell cycle progression. eIF6(+/-) cells retain sufficient nucleolar eIF6 and normal ribosome biogenesis. The liver of eIF6(+/-) mice displays an increase of 80S in polysomal profiles, indicating a defect in initiation of translation. Consistently, isolated hepatocytes have impaired insulin-stimulated translation. Heterozygous mouse embryonic fibroblasts recapitulate the organism phenotype and have normal ribosome biogenesis, reduced insulin-stimulated translation, and delayed G1/S phase progression. Furthermore, eIF6(+/-) cells are resistant to oncogene-induced transformation. Thus, eIF6 is the first eIF associated with the large 60S subunit that regulates translation in response to extracellular signals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2753212/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2753212/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gandin, Valentina -- Miluzio, Annarita -- Barbieri, Anna Maria -- Beugnet, Anne -- Kiyokawa, Hiroaki -- Marchisio, Pier Carlo -- Biffo, Stefano -- GGP05043/Telethon/Italy -- R01/PHS HHS/ -- R01 CA112282/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112282-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):684-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07267. Epub 2008 Sep 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Laboratory, San Raffaele Science Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adipose Tissue/cytology ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Nucleolus/metabolism ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; G1 Phase/drug effects ; Heterozygote ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Liver/cytology/growth & development ; Mice ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Oncogenes/genetics ; *Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational/drug effects ; Peptide Initiation Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/chemistry/metabolism ; *S Phase/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    The essential role of the CopN protein in Chlamydia pneumoniae intracellular growth (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-10-03
    Beschreibung: Bacterial virulence determinants can be identified, according to the molecular Koch's postulates, if inactivation of a gene associated with a suspected virulence trait results in a loss in pathogenicity. This approach is commonly used with genetically tractable organisms. However, the current lack of tools for targeted gene disruptions in obligate intracellular microbial pathogens seriously hampers the identification of their virulence factors. Here we demonstrate an approach to studying potential virulence factors of genetically intractable organisms, such as Chlamydia. Heterologous expression of Chlamydia pneumoniae CopN in yeast and mammalian cells resulted in a cell cycle arrest, presumably owing to alterations in the microtubule cytoskeleton. A screen of a small molecule library identified two compounds that alleviated CopN-induced growth inhibition in yeast. These compounds interfered with C. pneumoniae replication in mammalian cells, presumably by 'knocking out' CopN function, revealing an essential role of CopN in the support of C. pneumoniae growth during infection. This work demonstrates the role of a specific chlamydial protein in virulence. The chemical biology approach described here can be used to identify virulence factors, and the reverse chemical genetic strategy can result in the identification of lead compounds for the development of novel therapeutics.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2673727/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2673727/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Jin -- Lesser, Cammie F -- Lory, Stephen -- R01 AI064285/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI064285-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):112-5. doi: 10.1038/nature07355. Epub 2008 Oct 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18830244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Chlamydophila pneumoniae/drug effects/genetics/*growth & ; development/*pathogenicity ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Essential ; Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings/pharmacology ; Humans ; Intracellular Space/*microbiology ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Virulence/drug effects ; Virulence Factors/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Compartmentalized dendritic plasticity and input feature storage in neurons (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-28
    Beschreibung: Although information storage in the central nervous system is thought to be primarily mediated by various forms of synaptic plasticity, other mechanisms, such as modifications in membrane excitability, are available. Local dendritic spikes are nonlinear voltage events that are initiated within dendritic branches by spatially clustered and temporally synchronous synaptic input. That local spikes selectively respond only to appropriately correlated input allows them to function as input feature detectors and potentially as powerful information storage mechanisms. However, it is currently unknown whether any effective form of local dendritic spike plasticity exists. Here we show that the coupling between local dendritic spikes and the soma of rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons can be modified in a branch-specific manner through an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent regulation of dendritic Kv4.2 potassium channels. These data suggest that compartmentalized changes in branch excitability could store multiple complex features of synaptic input, such as their spatio-temporal correlation. We propose that this 'branch strength potentiation' represents a previously unknown form of information storage that is distinct from that produced by changes in synaptic efficacy both at the mechanistic level and in the type of information stored.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Losonczy, Attila -- Makara, Judit K -- Magee, Jeffrey C -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 27;452(7186):436-41. doi: 10.1038/nature06725.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA. losonczya@janelia.hhmi.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Cell Shape ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Ion Channel Gating ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Shal Potassium Channels/deficiency/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Pyruvate kinase M2 is a phosphotyrosine-binding protein (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-14
    Beschreibung: Growth factors stimulate cells to take up excess nutrients and to use them for anabolic processes. The biochemical mechanism by which this is accomplished is not fully understood but it is initiated by phosphorylation of signalling proteins on tyrosine residues. Using a novel proteomic screen for phosphotyrosine-binding proteins, we have made the observation that an enzyme involved in glycolysis, the human M2 (fetal) isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2), binds directly and selectively to tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides. We show that binding of phosphotyrosine peptides to PKM2 results in release of the allosteric activator fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, leading to inhibition of PKM2 enzymatic activity. We also provide evidence that this regulation of PKM2 by phosphotyrosine signalling diverts glucose metabolites from energy production to anabolic processes when cells are stimulated by certain growth factors. Collectively, our results indicate that expression of this phosphotyrosine-binding form of pyruvate kinase is critical for rapid growth in cancer cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christofk, Heather R -- Vander Heiden, Matthew G -- Wu, Ning -- Asara, John M -- Cantley, Lewis C -- R01 GM056203/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009172/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 13;452(7184):181-6. doi: 10.1038/nature06667.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Systems Biology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18337815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Allosteric Site ; Animals ; Catalysis ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cells/drug effects/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Lysine/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Peptide Library ; Phosphotyrosine/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Proteomics ; Pyruvate Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Substrate Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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