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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (1,900)
  • Organic Chemistry  (1,499)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (807)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (640)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (560)
  • SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (2,740)
  • 1965-1969  (2,277)
  • 1940-1944  (729)
  • 1975  (2,740)
  • 1968  (2,277)
  • 1943  (729)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (2,740)
  • 1965-1969  (2,277)
  • 1940-1944  (729)
Year
  • 1
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    Geologic orbital photography - Experience from the Gemini program (1968)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-17
    Description: Geologic orbital photography
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: SCHOOL OF AEROSPACE MED. BIOASTRONAUT. AND THE EXPLORATION OF SPACE NOV. 1968; P 213-248
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  • 2
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    Space shuttle (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-10
    Description: The transportation cost associated with space materials processing were studied to determine the feasibility of space manufacturing. The assumptions use to determining the cost estimates for a 12 year planning period are listed, and the orbitor is described in terms of payloads. Shuttle operational costs, ground operational costs, and nonrecurring investment and development costs were analyzed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Econ. Analysis of Materials Processing in Space; p 8-39
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  • 3
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    Ludwieg tube pilot test and high Reynolds number test equipment (1968)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-08
    Description: Test facility and equipment to determine very high Reynolds number effects associated with large boost vehicles
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: RES. ACHIEVEMENTS REV., VOL. 3 1968; P 11-16
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  • 4
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    Hydrogen slush density instrumentation (1968)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-27
    Description: Hydrogen slush density instrumentation for field measurements of slush mass after calibration with reference system
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: RES. ACHIEVEMENTS REV., VOL. 11 1968; P 3-9
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  • 5
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    The use of the Mossbauer effect and laser interferometry to determine extremely small amplitudes for vibration measurements and calibration (1968)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-27
    Description: Using Mossbauer effect and laser interferometry to determine extremely small amplitudes for vibration measurements and calibration of scale models
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: RES. ACHIEVEMENTS REV., VOL. 11 1968; P 19-31
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  • 6
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    Computational aerodynamics (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The application of computer techniques for solving Navier-Stokes equations in support of wind tunnel tests is discussed. The ILLIAC IV computer is considered for this purpose and its limitations are analyzed. The author states that improved computers will make it possible to solve many aerodynamic problems and reduce the amount of wind tunnel testing required for adequate data processing.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA/Univ. Conf. on Aeron.; p 211-212
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  • 7
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    On wake vortex alleviation (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Research within NASA relating to the nature of lift-induced vortex wakes behind large aircraft and the means whereby the hazard they represent to smaller aircraft can be alleviated is reviewed. The research, carried out in ground based facilities and in flight shows that more rapid dispersion of the wake can be effected by several means and that the modification of span-loading by appropriate flap deflection holds promise of early practical application.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA/Univ. Conf. on Aeron.; p 143-168
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  • 8
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    Science data systems (1968)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: Digital generation of acceleration voltage for mass spectrometer, and development of low power, nondestructive readout, plated-wire memory
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: SPACE PROGRAMS SUM. NO. 37-51, VOL. 3 30 JUN. 1968; P 169-181
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  • 9
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    Space instruments (1968)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: Pulse height analyzer, imaging astronomical photometer, and secondary electron conduction vidicon for space application
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: SPACE PROGRAMS SUM. NO. 37-51, VOL. 3 30 JUN. 1968; P 152-167
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  • 10
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    Lunar and planetary instruments (1968)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: Atmospheric entry sampling system, and prototype mass spectrometer for planetary atmospheric analysis
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: SPACE PROGRAMS SUM. NO. 37-51, VOL. 3 30 JUN. 1968; P 143-151
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  • 11
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    An experimental and numerical investigation of shock wave induced turbulent boundary layer separation at hypersonic speeds (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: A thoroughly documented experiment is reported that was specifically designed to test and guide computations of the interaction of an impinging shock wave with a turbulent boundary layer. Detailed mean flow field and surface data are presented for two shock strengths which resulted in attached and separated flows, respectively. Numerical computations are used to illustrate the dependence of the computations on the particulars of the turbulence models. Models appropriate for zero pressure gradient flows predicted the overall features of the flow fields, but were deficient in predicting many of the details of the interaction regions. Improvements to the turbulence model parameters were sought through a combination of detailed data analysis and computer simulations which tested the sensitivity of the solutions to model parameter changes. Computer simulations using these improvements are presented and discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Flow Separation; 13 p
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  • 12
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    On the calculation of supersonic separating and reattaching flows (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: A method is developed for solving the laminar and turbulent compressible boundary layer equations for separating and reattaching flows. Results of this method are compared with experimental data for two laminar and three turbulent layer, shock wave interactions. Several Navier-Stokes solutions are obtained for each of the laminar boundary layer, shock wave interactions considered. Comparison of these solutions indicates a first order sensitivity in C sub f to the computational mesh selected in both the viscous and inviscid portions of the flow. Comparison of the present boundary layer solutions with the Navier-Stokes solutions and with data for a given Mach number indicates that as long as the separation bubble is small, the boundary layer approximation yields solutions whose accuracy is comparable to the Navier-Stokes solutions.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Flow Separation; 12 p
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  • 13
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    Instrumentation of image analysis and television simulation techniques (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Multispectral imagery of aerial remote sensors and television simulation for terrain analysis
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER EARTH RESOURCES AIRCRAFT PROGRAM STATUS REV., VOL. 1 1968 (SEE N71-16126 06-13)
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  • 14
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    Infrared studies (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Aerial infrared scanners for thermal mapping and multispectral sensing
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER EARTH RESOURCES AIRCRAFT PROGRAM STATUS REV., VOL. 1 1968 (SEE N71-16126 06-13)
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  • 15
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    Infrared studies (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Investigating infrared scanners for thermal mapping and multispectral sensing
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER EARTH RESOURCES AIRCRAFT PROGRAM STATUS REV., VOL. 3 1968 (SEE N71-16166 06-13)
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  • 16
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    Photographic applications of NASA Earth Resources Survey Program (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Photographic applications of NASA Earth Resources Survey Program
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER EARTH RESOURCES AIRCRAFT PROGRAM STATUS REV., VOL. 2 1968 (SEE N71-16147 06 13)
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  • 17
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    The transformation of aerodynamic stability derivatives by symbolic mathematical computation (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The formulation of mathematical models of aeronautical systems for simulation or other purposes, involves the transformation of aerodynamic stability derivatives. It is shown that these derivatives transform like the components of a second order tensor having one index of covariance and one index of contravariance. Moreover, due to the equivalence of covariant and contravariant transformations in orthogonal Cartesian systems of coordinates, the transformations can be treated as doubly covariant or doubly contravariant, if this simplifies the formulation. It is shown that the tensor properties of these derivatives can be used to facilitate their transformation by symbolic mathematical computation, and the use of digital computers equipped with formula manipulation compilers. When the tensor transformations are mechanised in the manner described, man-hours are saved and the errors to which human operators are prone can be avoided.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Aeronautical Quarterly; 26; May 1975
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  • 18
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    An aneroid pressure sensor for constant-level balloons (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The pressure sensor for the Tropical Wind Energy conversion and Reference Level Experiment (TWERLE) is described. Key design features of the sensor are: capacitive coupling, reference at midrange, up-down counting, passive oven, storage at flight pressure and prelaunch calibration. Sensor specifications are given which are based on the production results of 440 units. Drift, as estimated from simulated life tests, is 1 mb per 6 months. The overall weight of the sensor, including thermal package, is 180 g.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 14; Sept
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  • 19
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    The low frequency sound from multipole sources in axisymmetric shear flows, with applications to jet noise (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A closed-form solution for the sound radiation from multipole sources imbedded in an infinite cylindrical jet with an arbitrary velocity profile is obtained. It is valid in the limit where the wavelength is large compared with the jet radius. Simple formulae for the acoustic pressure field due to convected point sources are also obtained. The results show (in a simple way) how the mean flow affects the radiation pattern from the sources. For convected lateral quadrupoles it causes the exponent of the Doppler factor multiplying the far-field pressure signal to be increased from the value of 3 used by Lighthill to 5.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 70; Aug. 12
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  • 20
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    Infrared upconversion as a means of seeing in the dark (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A new approach to seeing in the dark is described which is based on the principles of nonlinear optics employing a crystal such as lithium iodate. A nonlinear optical device capable of producing photons at higher frequencies from lower-frequency incident light is shown to upconvert infrared light directly into visible light. The major advantages of the infrared upconversion process is that it permits the infrared signal to be detected by photon-counting devices presently available for the visible spectral region, and that it can provide sensitivity to infrared radiation without the need for cryogenic cooling of the detector used. Early works on infrared upconversion are reviewed. The development of applications is discussed as to astronomical spectroscopy and infrared image upconversion involving either angular or positional resolution elements. The demonstration of infrared upconversion in rectangular waveguides of single-crystal GaAs by Anderson et al. (1971) indicates future possibilities in upconversion by the use of integrated optics devices.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Sciences Center Newsletter; 9; May 1975
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  • 21
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    An infrared heterodyne radiometer for high-resolution measurements of solar radiation and atmospheric transmission (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A tunable, Dicke-switched, infrared heterodyne radiometer (IHR) has been designed, fabricated, tested, and used to observe solar radiation and determine the atmospheric transmissivity in the 9-11-micron spectral band. The IHR provides a spectral resolution of 0.0067 reciprocal cm, a minimum detectable power level of 2.9 times ten to the minus twenty-third power W/Hz, and a temperature resolution of less than 1 K for a source temperature of 1000 K, an IF predetection bandwidth of 100 MHz, and an integration time of 30 s. Detailed design equations and measured IHR performance are presented. The IHR was used to make solar and atmospheric transmission measurements, and a vertical-path atmospheric attenuation of 2.3 dB has been established under favorable weather conditions. The attenuation of solar radiation due to cloud cover and haze has also been investigated.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics; QE-11; Aug. 197
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  • 22
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    The Viking Mars lander camera (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The 7.3 kg cameras for the 1976 Viking Mars expedition feature an array of 12 silicon photodiodes, including six spectral bands for color and near-infrared imaging with an angular resolution of 0.12 deg and four focus steps for broadband imaging, with an improved angular resolution of 0.04 deg. The field of view in elevation ranges from 40 deg above to 60 deg below the horizon, and in azimuth ranges to 342.5 deg. The cameras are mounted 0.8 m apart to provide a stereo view of the area accessible to a surface sampler for biological and chemical investigations. The scanning rates are synchronized to the lander data transmission rates of 16000 bits per sec to the Viking orbiters as relay stations and 250 bits per sec directly to earth. However, image data can also be stored on a lander tape recorder. About 10 million bits of image data will be transmitted during most days of the 60-day-long mission planned for each lander.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Space Science Instrumentation; 1; May 1975
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  • 23
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    The Pioneer XI high field fluxgate magnetometer (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The high field fluxgate magnetometer experiment flown aboard the Pioneer XI spacecraft is described. This extremely simple instrument was used to extend the spacecraft's upper-limit measurement capability by approximately an order of magnitude (from 0.14 mT to 1.00 mT) with minimum power and volume requirements. This magnetometer was designed to complement the low-field measurements provided by a helium vector magnetometer and utilizes magnetic ring core sensors with biaxial orthogonal sense coils. The instrument is a single-range, triaxial-fluxgate magnetometer capable of measuring fields of up to 1 mT along each orthogonal axis, with a maximum resolution of 1 microT.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Space Science Instrumentation; 1; May 1975
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  • 24
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    Effect of grid transparency and finite collector size on determining ion temperature and density by the retarding potential analyzer (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The effects of the grid transparency and finite collector size on the values of thermal ion density and temperature determined by the standard RPA (retarding potential analyzer) analysis method are investigated. The current-voltage curves calculated for varying RPA parameters and a given ion mass, temperature, and density are analyzed by the standard RPA method. It is found that only small errors in temperature and density are introduced for an RPA with typical dimensions, and that even when the density error is substantial for nontypical dimensions, the temperature error remains minimum.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; June 1
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  • 25
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    Phase correction for a Michelson interferometer with misaligned mirrors (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The phase correction for a Michelson interferometer with misaligned mirrors in converging light is shown to give rise to a quadratic phase shift. In general, the calculation of a spectrum from the measured interferogram needs phase correction. Phase corrections have been well worked out for the cases of a linear phase shift and a phase that is slowly varying. The standard procedures for correcting calculated spectra need to be modified, however, to remove any phase errors resulting from misaligned mirrors.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 14; June 197
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  • 26
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    Estimates of nonequilibrium radiation for Venus entry (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The present investigation is an analysis of the radiation from the chemical nonequilibrium region in the shock layer about a vehicle during Venus entry. The radiation and the flow were assumed to be uncoupled. An inviscid, nonequilibrium flowfield was calculated and an effective electronic temperature was determined for the predominant radiating species. Species concentrations and electronic temperature were then input into a radiation transport code to calculate heating rates. The present results confirm earlier investigations which indicate that the radiation should be calculated using electronic temperatures for the radiating species. These temperatures are not related in a simple way to the local translational temperature. For the described mission, the nonequilibrium radiative heating rate is approximately twice the corresponding equilibrium value at peak heating.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 13; Apr. 197
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  • 27
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    The Pioneer 10/11 and Helios A/B cosmic ray instruments (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper describes the design and performance of a set of cosmic-ray particle experiments for the Pioneer 10/11 and Helios A/B space missions. These experiments had to be very light-weight, low-power and electronically sophisticated in order to meet the spacecraft and scientific requirements. Both sets of missions use several solid-state detector telescopes to measure protons from 100 KeV to 800 MeV and heavier ions up to Neon at 200 MeV per nucleon. Good performance is required for 7-8 years, and the system must tolerate large vibration loads and ionizing radiation doses up to 500,000 rads.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 28
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    Superconducting gyroscope - Drift data and mathematical model. (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Experimental cryogenic gyroscope drift data, discussing Fourier analysis and mathematical model
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 29
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    Reynolds number dependence of Apollo near-wake temperature. (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Reynolds number dependence of near wake temperature of reentering probes and spacecraft determined using Apollo model temperature surveys for stagnation pressures
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 30
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    Ablation patterns on cones having laminar and turbulent flows. (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Ablation patterns on cones having laminar and turbulent flows from ballistic range boundary layer transition studies using ablative models
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 31
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    Hypersonic transition studies on a slender cone at small angles of attack. (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Angle of attack effect on laminar boundary layer transition on slender cone in contoured nozzle of helium tunnel, discussing Reynolds and Mach numbers effect
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 32
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    Experimental study of forces on a body in a magnetized plasma stream. (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Thin aluminum foil placed in magnetized plasma stream studied for lift drag ratio, noting magnetic field position influence on increase or decrease
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 33
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    Influence of fixture stress concentrations on ring accelerometers (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Effects of fixture stress vibration on mounted accelerometer signal
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NRL THE SHOCK AND VIBRATION BULL., NO. 37, PT. 2 JAN. 1968; P 43-50
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  • 34
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    An expansion of the ev system. (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Expansion of EV /exposure value/ system, deriving equations relating photographic factors for basic and flash photography
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 35
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    Nondestructive thickness measurement in thin sections of germanium. (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Thin Ge wafers nondestructive thickness measurement by IR abborption measurement system using monochromatic He-Ne laser source
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 36
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    A high resolution scanning confocal interferometer. (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: High resolution scanning confocal interferometer illumination requirements from quasi-paraxial ray tracing calculation, considering additional reflections effect
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; OFYSISKE PUBLIKASJON
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  • 37
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    A double beam astronomical photometer. (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Double beam photoelectric filter photometer for simultaneous measurements of two astronomical objects, noting variable atmospheric extinction errors reduction
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 38
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    The Sheffield University V.L.F. experiment on the satellite Ariel 3. (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: VLF phenomena at 3.2, 9.6 and 16 kHz above ionosphere, using loop antenna on Ariel 3 satellite
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  • 39
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    Negative magnetoresistance in carbon resistance thermometers. (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Temperature measurement errors due to negative magnetoresistance in carbon resistance thermometers, indicating correction procedure where magnetic field is involved
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 40
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    Wind-tunnel measurements of transition on the face of a blunt entry capsule at angle of attack. (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Boundary layer transition point on forward portion of blunt Apollo type entry capsule model measured in high Reynolds number wind tunnel
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 41
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    Delta-T curves for measuring magnetic tape link jitter. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Root mean square time delay error with respect to playback time and autocorrelation function of tape recorded sine wave for studying jitter spectra
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 42
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    A note on the drag of an impulsively started circular cylinder. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Flow field of impulsively started circular cylinder, noting drag due to nonlinear convection
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 43
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    Direct reading instrument for silicon and germanium four-probe resistivity measurements. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Direct reading instrument using four point probe and two analog computing circuits for Si and Ge resistivity measurements
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 44
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    Design of polarization adjustment instrumentation for a rocket propagation experiment (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Polarization adjustment instrumentation for rocket propagation experiment in lower ionosphere
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ROCKET EXPT. INSTRUMENTATION 31 DEC. 1968 (SEE N69-24672 12-14)
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  • 45
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    A single-photon counting astronomical spectrophotometer. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Single photon counting astronomical spectrophotometer to take advantage of increased information rate obtainable
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 46
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    Automatic pressure transducer calibration. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Automatic pressure transducer calibration systems
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 47
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    Analytical and experimental studies of the sound field in a propeller duct. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Rotating spectral and spatial sound pressure distribution in propeller duct calculated on basis of propulsion quantities, noting effect of tip clearance
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 48
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    Aerospace sensor systems. (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Aerospace sensor systems, discussing adaptive multimode sensors and multispectral sensing, electronic recognition of image components, laser radar and Raman scattering technique
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 49
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    Intense vacuum ultraviolet atomic line sources. (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Intense far UV atomic line sources obtained by microwave excitation of various gas mixtures in He with aid of flow lamps
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 50
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    A simple A.C. technique for galvanomagnetic and Shubnikov-de Haas measurements. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: AC technique using lock-in power amplifier SNR for measuring galvanomagnetic and Shubnikov-de Haas effects, noting error reduction
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ACE(
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  • 51
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    Improved method of removing plastic backing films from carbon electron microscope replicas. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Plastic backing films removal from carbon electron microscope replicas by maintaining specimens in horizontal position
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; RO(
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  • 52
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    Laser display systems. I - Scanners. (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Scanned laser beam display techniques based on cathode ray tube technology, noting flying spot scanner and beam deflection
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 53
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    A radiometric method for measuring the insertion loss of radome materials. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Radome material insertion loss measurement by radiometric method noting error analysis
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; STITUTION OF ENGINEE
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  • 54
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    X-ray fluorescence of rock samples as applied to geological problems. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: X Ray fluorescence of rock samples as applied to geological problems, noting standard deviations for element distribution
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 55
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    Rapid scanning with the Fabry-Perot etalon. (1968)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Rapid scanning Fabry-Perot spectrometers, considering time resolution, wavelength resolution, wavelength interval size, aperture diameter and limitations of mechanical components
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 56
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    Thermal diffusivity measurements of particulates using the differentiated line source (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A method is described in which thermal diffusivity measurements can be made on particulate materials using the identical instrumentation as described in previous papers for measuring thermal conductivity. The measurements for the two properties can be made simultaneously, thus eliminating the changes in conditions when they are made separately. This system has particular application for studies of simulated lunar, planetary, or asteroidal surfaces in which laboratory measurements can be correlated with astronomical observations of thermal inertia. A representative set of data is shown which gives thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity measurements on a particulate basalt in which the values for each temperature were taken simultaneously. A value for specific heat is calculated for measurements taken at each temperature.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 46; May 1975
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  • 57
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    Bringing wings of change - NASA's airfoil research program (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A review is presented of progress in attaining technical objectives in three areas of semiautomatic airfoil development: software, hardware, and applications. Software objectives seek improved mathematical models and computer codes for flow analysis and design optimization for a variety of conditions. The 17-step iterative computer model used in designing the GA (W)-1 airfoil is effective but not yet fully automated; with present methods only single-point computer optimization is possible. Hardware objectives calling for improvement in test facilities and techniques are met in part by the introduction of the Langley (F-3C) wind tunnel for independent evaluation of transonic Mach number and Reynolds effects up to 12-16 million, and by a two-dimensional test section for the Langley 1/3 transonic cryogenic tunnel which will extend the Reynolds number to 50 million. The current status of low-speed, thin, and rotorcraft airfoil development programs is discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 58
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    Magnetic attitude control system for dual-spin satellites (1975)
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    Description: A closed-loop control law is developed for a dual-spin satellite control system which utilizes the interaction of the geomagnetic field with the satellite dipole parallel to the spin axis. The control law consists of the linear combination of the pitch axis component of the rate of change of the geomagnetic field and the product of the roll angle and roll axis component of the geomagnetic field. Application of the method of multiple time scales yields approximate solutions for the feedback gains in terms of the system parameters. Approximate solutions are also obtained for the response of the system to disturbance torques. A comparison of the approximate solutions and numerical solutions obtained by numerical integration of the exact equations of motion is then given.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AIAA Journal; 13; June 197
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  • 59
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    Apparatus for production, measurement and reaction studies of dissociated gases at elevated temperatures (1975)
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    Description: An apparatus is described which is used for the controlled production, characterization, and study of dissociated gases in a microwave discharge at elevated temperatures. A unique feature is the ability to produce and study a microwave discharge plasma in the heated zone. This allows elevated temperature reactions to be studied in high concentrations of dissociated gases. Further, the system permits weight change measurements of specimens in the plasma, thus facilitating reaction rate determinations. Included is a description of a cavity for use on a 50-mm diameter cylindrical reactor. The effects of flow rate, pressure, temperature, power, metal sample, and sampling position on dissociation percentage of oxygen in the apparatus are described as well as a technique for sample temperature measurements in the plasma which permits determination of high temperature recombination coefficients and reaction rates.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science; PS-3; June 197
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  • 60
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    Pulse modulation effect on velocity fringes (1975)
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    Description: The degradation of a hologram caused by object motion can be utilized to measure the rate of change of the length of an object beam. A rectangular shaped laser pulse is ordinarily used to illuminate the object in such an investigation. The velocity fringes obtained are considered in the calculation. There are no velocity fringes for Gaussian shaped pulses or for the pulses produced by a Q-switched ruby laser. It is shown with the aid of a mathematical analysis that a pulse of oscillating intensity or a pulse train will yield velocity fringes regardless of the shape of an individual pulse.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 14; May 1975
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  • 61
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    The development of an L-band radiometer dual-mode horn (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An antenna was developed for the remote microwave measurement of ocean surface temperature during a flight test in a C54 aircraft. The basic antenna is a conical dual-mode horn similar to the dual-mode horn described by Potter (1963). The pertinent internal dimensions of the horn are given. The measured E and H plane patterns for the linearly polarized horn for a range of frequencies are shown in a graph.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-23; May 1975
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  • 62
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    Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 (1975)
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    Description: On December 3, 1974, Pioneer 11 passed the planet Jupiter at a distance of 42,000 km. The spacecraft is now headed for an encounter with the planet Saturn in September 1979. The prime scientific objectives of the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 missions are discussed along with the spacecraft payload, aspects of spacecraft design, the spacecraft power supply, and details regarding the spacecraft trajectory during the approach to Jupiter.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Science; 188; May 2
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  • 63
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    Energetic solar proton vs terrestrially trapped proton fluxes (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The relative importance of solar and trapped proton fluxes in the consideration of shielding requirements for geocentric space missions is analyzed. Using models of these particles, their fluences encountered by spacecraft in circular orbits are computed as functions of orbital altitude and inclination, mission duration, threshold energy (10 to 100 MeV), and risk factor (for solar protons only), and ratios of solar-to-trapped fluences are derived. It is shown that solar protons predominate for low-altitude polar and very high-altitude missions, while trapped protons predominate for missions at low and medium altitudes and low inclinations. It is recommended that if the ratio of solar-to-trapped protons falls between 0.1 and 10, both fluences should be considered in planning shielding systems.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 12; Feb. 197
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  • 64
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    Large Space Telescope oscillations induced by CMG friction (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Conditions are predicted under which limit cycles may be caused by the friction torque of the control moment gyroscope (CMG) output gimbal used in the Large Space Telescope (LST). The parameter plane analysis technique is described, and three separate models of the CMG output friction nonlinearity are used in three separate analyses. The results suggest that the Dahl model (included in model 3) is the best available friction model for use in dynamic analysis. The analysis and analog simulation indicate the absence of limit cycle behavior due to the CMG output gimbal friction nonlinearity for presently estimated LST numerical parameters and the occurrence of one stable and one unstable limit cycle if substantially larger numerical values are allowed for the CMG gimbal pivot friction parameter and/or the running friction torque.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 12; Feb. 197
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  • 65
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    A new high-speed solar spectrograph for meter and decameter wavelengths (1975)
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    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Solar Physics; 40; Feb. 197
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  • 66
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    Collecting efficiency of a cylindrical mirror electron energy analyzer with pre-retarding lens (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The electron collecting efficiency of a cylindrical mirror energy analyzer incorporating retardation of the electrons prior to analysis has been determined over the range 0 to 30 eV by two methods. The first method requires the use of a vacuum ultraviolet monochromator to produce monoenergetic electrons of different energies; the second method involves measuring the energy-brightness relationship of the retarding optics and should be applicable to any deflection analyzer with pre-retarding optics. The results of the two methods are compared and the limitations of the latter method are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena; 6; 1975
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  • 67
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    An all-sky camera for time-resolved lightning photography (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 14; Mar. 197
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  • 68
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    Calibration of a cylindrical RF capacitance probe (1975)
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    Description: Ambient electron concentrations derived from observations with the Radio Astronomy Explorer 1 antenna capacitance probe have been compared with upper hybrid resonance measurements from the same spacecraft. From this comparison an empirical correction factor for the capacitance probe measurements has been derived. The differences between the two types of measurements is attributed to sheath effects.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Feb. 1
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  • 69
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    The use of Whatman-41 filters for high volume air sampling (1975)
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    Description: The feasibility of using W41 filter media on a routine TSP high-volume monitoring network was determined by comparison with glass fiber (GF) filtering. Results indicate that suspended particulate samples from GF filters averaged slightly, but not significantly, higher than those from Whatman-41 filters. Some extra handling procedures were required to avoid errors due to the hygroscopic nature of W41 filters; these added procedures are not overly burdensome, however, and they allow the performance of analytical work, thus extending the capabilities of high-volume sampling. It was demonstrated that W41 filters are practical for air quality monitoring and elemental analysis in environments similar to Cleveland's.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Atmospheric Environment; 9; 1975
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  • 70
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    Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy of astronomical and laboratory sources at 8.5 microns (1975)
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    Description: It is pointed out that the first successful infrared heterodyne spectrometer featuring semituneable semiconductor diode lasers was constructed and used near 8.5 micrometers to make laboratory measurements of line profiles in nitrous oxide and to detect thermal emission from Mars and from the moon. Questions of instrument design are discussed along with the significance of the results obtained in the investigation.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nature; 253; Feb. 13
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  • 71
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    Two high resolution velocity vector analyzers for cosmic dust particles (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Two new methods are described to measure velocities and angles of incidence of charged cosmic dust particles with precisions of about 1% and 1 deg, respectively. Both methods employ four one-dimensional position-sensitive detectors in series. The first method utilizes a charge-dividing technique while the second utilizes a time-of-flight technique for determining the position of a particle inside the instrument. The velocity vectors are measured although mechanical interaction between the particle and the instrument is completely avoided. Applications to cosmic dust composition and collection experiments are discussed. The range of radii of measurable particles is from about 0.01 to 100 microns at velocities from 1 to 80 km/sec.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 46; Feb. 197
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  • 72
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    Plastic scintillation counters with an area of 2 sq m (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Two designs of plastic scintillation counters with an area of 2 sq m scanned in each case by a single photomultiplier of the FEU-49 type are described. The radial dependence of their light collection at the place of the path of the detected particle does not exceed 10% while the half width of the differential distribution of the pulse amplitudes from nonfiltered cosmic radiation at sea level is 90 to 95%, and 65%, the plastic thickness being 5 cm and 10 cm, respectively. The temperature coefficient of the counter is 0.32% per 1 C.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cosmic Rays (NASA-TT-F-807); p 389-393
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  • 73
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    Generalization of formulas for ionization energy losses and collision cross section in threshold detectors (1975)
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    Description: Two types of formulas were obtained for (- dE/dx) and the number of collisions per unit of path length (dN/dx) = const, which depend on W sub m, with due account of the polarization effect of the medium.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cosmic Rays (NASA-TT-F-807); p 355-360
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  • 74
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    Spark calorimeter: An instrument for determining particle energy of cosmic radiation (1975)
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    Description: In 1964 a spark calorimeter was installed at the NOR-Amberd Station (2000 m above sea level). The advantages of this calorimeter over the ionization calorimeter are illustrated.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cosmic Rays (NASA-TT-F-807); p 349-354
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  • 75
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    An instrument for the study of the composition of the electron component of cosmic rays (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A telescope consisting of three spark chambers and two control scintillation counters has been designed and is used for investigating the composition of the cosmic ray electron component within the range of energies from 1.0 to 10.0 BeV by the EN assymetry method. The geometrical factor of the telescope is approximately 20 sq cm ster. Discharges are recorded in the chambers on a photo film. The telescope is oriented to the azimuth with an accuracy of + or - 3 deg.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cosmic Rays (NASA-TT-F-807); p 341-348
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  • 76
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    Gas threshold Cerenkov counters (1975)
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    Description: The report describes two designs are reported of gas threshold Cerenkov counters for recording electrons of primary cosmic rays without recording protons. Also presented are design and technological measures which ensure maximum light collection of the Cerenkov radiation originating on the photocathode of the photomultiplier inside the radiator. The dependence of the reflection factor on the length of the light wave for different coatings is shown as well as for the throughput of the different optical materials employed. A range of methods for determining the efficiency of the counters during the recording of cosmic ray nucons and ways of increasing it further are given.
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    Type: Cosmic Rays (NASA-TT-F-807); p 327-332
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  • 77
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    Certain problems in the development and design of scintillation and Cerenkov counters (1975)
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    Description: The feasibility is examined of increasing the effectiveness of the scintillation and Cerenkov counters through improving light collection of the recorded radiation on the photoelectric cathode of the photomultiplier. An example of how to select a detector of the directional plexiglas Cerenkov counter is given. Also presented are experimentally obtained amplitude distributions during the recording of cosmic ray muons. The necessity to obtain agreement between the characteristic spectrum of the photocathode of the photomultiplier and the spectrum of the recorded radiation is stressed.
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    Type: Cosmic Rays (NASA-TT-F-807); p 302-307
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  • 78
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    A system for multichannel recording and automatic reading of information (1975)
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    Description: A system for the recording and processing of telescope data is considered for measurements of EW asymmetry. The information is recorded by 45 channels on a continuously moving 35-mm film. The dead time of the recorder is about 0.1 sec. A sorting electronic circuit is used to reduce the errors when the statistical time distribution of the pulses is recorded. The recorded information is read out by means of photoresistors. The phototransmitter signals are fed either to the mechanical recorder unit for preliminary processing, or to a logical circuit which controls the operation of the punching device. The punched tape is processed by an electronic computer.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cosmic Rays (NASA-TT-F-807); p 293-297
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  • 79
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    Description of an ionization calorimeter complemented with proportional counters (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An ionization calorimeter is described with a system of proportional counters which are used to determine the charge of the particles incident to the calorimeter and to estimate the number of the secondary charged particles.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cosmic Rays (; p 287-289
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  • 80
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    Large neutron counters for supermonitors (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Large neutron counters designed for the neutron supermonitor with an area of about 20 sq m are reported. Statistical accuracy of the counters is 0.1% per 2 hours. Dimensions: length--2 m; diameter--150 mm; pressure--200 mm Hg. The counters are filled with BF3 gas containing over 80% of B-10.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Cosmic Rays (; p 279-281
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  • 81
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    Spacecraft technology (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Developments in spacecraft technology are discussed with emphasis on the Explorer satellite program. The subjects considered include the following: (1) nutational behavior of the Explorer-45 satellite, (2) panoramic sensor development, (3) onboard camera signal processor for Explorer satellites, and (4) microcircuit development. Information on the zero gravity testing of heat pipes is included. Procedures for cleaning heat treated aluminum heat pipes are explained. The development of a five-year magnetic tape, an accurate incremental angular encoder, and a blood freezing apparatus for leukemia research are also discussed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci. and Technol.; p 139-178
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  • 82
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    A method for measuring Reynolds number, viscosity, and atom concentration in hypervelocity nozzles. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Reynolds number, viscosity and atom concentration in hypervelocity nozzles measured using stagnation point heat transfer
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 83
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    High-speed selective recording system. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: High speed selective recording system /SRS/ for data acquisition without computer, noting transistorized printed circuit logic modules
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 84
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    P-i-n diode detectors for astronomical photometry. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: P-i-n photodiodes incident quantum efficiency and apparent noise input power measurements, considering astronomical photometry applications
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; OFYSISKE PUBLIKASJON
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  • 85
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    In situ measurements of the photometric properties of an area on the lunar surface. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Photometric properties of lunar surface target areas from high resolution TV pictures received from Surveyor 1 spacecraft
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 86
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    Errors of radiosonde and rocketsonde temperature sensors. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Error computation in radiosonde and rocketsonde atmospheric temperature sensors by using thermistors of different emissivities
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 87
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    Similarity solution for a laminar, incompressible jet flowing along a curved surface. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Similarity transformation and perturbation solution for laminar two dimensional incompressible jet flow over curved surface of small curvature
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 88
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    The SAS-3 attitude control system (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: SAS-3 uses a reaction wheel to provide torque to control the spin rate. If the wheel speed becomes too great or too small, it must be restored to its nominal rate by momentum dumping which is done by magnetic torquing against the earth's magnetic field by the satellite's magnetic coils. A small rate-integrating gyro is used to sense the spin rate so that closed loop control of the spin rate can be achieved. These various systems are described in detail including the reaction wheel system, the gyro system, along with control modes (spin rate control and the star lock mode).
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: APL Technical Digest; 14; July-Sep
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  • 89
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    The SAS-3 power and thermal systems (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Solar array configurations of the SAS-3 are described: a configuration with two sets of coplanar panels in the horizontal and two others in the vertical position, and two other configurations with either four horizontal or four vertical sets of panels. The nickel-cadmium battery of the power subsystem is described in detail, with emphasis on voltage limits and charge-discharge characteristics. The characteristic of 'solar-only' operation in the case of damage to the battery is discussed. The thermal subsystem of SAS-3 is considered, with discussions of thermal design criteria and the thermal environment. Temperature is controlled by using internal thermal louvers that regulate the rate at which the heat load from electronic equipment is transmitted to the outer surface for dumping to space.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: APL Technical Digest; 14; July-Sep
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  • 90
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    The Helios A/B cosmic ray instrument /E 7/ (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper describes the design and performance of a cosmic ray particle experiment for the Helios A/B space missions. This experiment had to be very lightweight, low power and electronically sophisticated in order to meet the spacecraft and scientific requirements, and very similar to those on the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions to Jupiter. Both sets of missions use several solid-state detector telescopes to measure protons from 100 KeV to 800 MeV per nucleon. Additionally, the Helios experiment includes a proportional counter to monitor the solar X-ray activity. The experiment has functioned quite well for 5 months in space, and large quantities of data are now being received.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Raumfahrtforschung; 19; Sept
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  • 91
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    The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer /SBUV/TOMS/ for Nimbus G (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The SBUV/TOMS measures the atmospheric ozone vertical profile and the solar ultraviolet spectrum, and provides a total ozone map by means of a mechanical scan across the Nimbus track. While the SBUV/TOMS instrument has noteworthy design features such as a state-of-the-art double monochromator and fixed optical components on a nonmetallic structure, its most significant characteristic is an optimum system design based on technology proven on the BUV instrument.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Engineering; 14; July-Aug
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  • 92
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    Plasma flow and fast particles in a hypervelocity accelerator - A color presentation (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A new concept for particle acceleration for micrometeoroid simulation was developed at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, using a high-density self-luminescent fast plasma flow to accelerate glass beads (with a diameter up to 1.0 mm) to velocities between 15-20 km/sec. After a short introduction to the operation of the hypervelocity range, the eight-converter-camera unit used for the photographs of the plasma flow and the accelerated particles is described. These photographs are obtained with an eight-segment reflecting pyramidal beam splitter. Wratten filters were mounted between the beam splitter and the converter tubes of the cameras. The photographs, which were recorded on black and white film, were used to make the matrices for the dye-color process, which produced the prints shown.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 14; Oct. 197
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  • 93
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    Theoretical study of lift-generated vortex wakes designed to avoid rollup (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Two hypothetical vortex wakes are introduced and studied theoretically to explore whether the rollup of lift-generated vortex sheets can be suppressed. The circulation distribution across each wake is specified such that one rotates and the other translates as a unit due to their self-induced velocities. Several span loadings are constructed from these solutions and the resulting inviscid wake structure is computed for several span lengths behind the generating wing by use of the discrete vortex method wherein the vortex wake is represented by an array of vortices. The final distribution of vortices is then used to estimate the rolling moment on an encountering wing. It is found that, even though the initial specified motions are not sustained, substantial reductions in rolling moment are predicted for certain ranges of the ratio of the span of the generating wing to the following wing.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 13; Apr. 197
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  • 94
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    CAMAC and NIM systems in the space program (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The CAMAC and NIM instrumentation systems were developed originally to serve the needs of nuclear research institutions in Europe and North America. CAMAC and NIM are currently considered in several studies at the systems level conducted by NASA and ESRO groups. NIM and CAMAC studies for applications related to the space shuttle are discussed along with the advantages provided by aspects of modularization and standardization, a use of NIM and CAMAC equipment in connection with a group of astrophysics experiments, and questions of cost effectiveness.
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  • 95
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    Entopistic scintillators (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Trajectories of cosmic rays through a balloon-borne experiment will be determined by pulse height analyzing the signals from each of the two or more phototubes coupled to each scintillator. Thin or tapered scintillators produce sufficiently strong gradients of phototube signal with respect to scintillation position that position uncertainties of about 1 cm can be achieved over 1-sq-m areas. Calculations and some test results for entopistic, or position determining, scintillators are presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 96
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    Numerical solutions for supersonic corner flow (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Analytical solutions for inviscid supersonic corner flows are virtually nonexistent due to the complexity of the interference geometry. In view of this, numerical solutions for swept-compressive and swept-expansive corner flows are obtained. The governing equations are written in strong conservation-law form and are solved iteratively in nonorthogonal conical coordinates by use of a second-order, shock-capturing, finite-difference technique. The computed wave structure and surface pressure distributions are compared with high Reynolds number experimental data and show very good agreement. The results clearly show that supersonic corner flow at reasonably high Reynolds numbers including the effect of sweep is dominated by the inviscid field.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Computational Physics; 17; Feb. 197
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  • 97
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    Miniature probe for transonic flow direction measurements (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A miniature probe is developed for measuring flow direction in one plane as well as stagnation pressure in the boundary layer and near wake of a transonic airfoil. The probe tip geometry and calibration curves are given, along with near wake survey data obtained for a supercritical airfoil. The advantages of the probe are ruggedness, ease of fabrication, ability to measure flow direction at a point, and insensitivity to out-of-plane velocity components.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 13; Feb. 197
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  • 98
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    Measured three-dimensional effects in transonic airfoil testing (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An investigation was conducted regarding the issue of deviation from two-dimensionality in flowfield studies of a supercritical airfoil. It was found that significant three-dimensional effects occur in transonic airfoil tests, even for an aspect ratio of four. This is especially true at the supercritical Mach numbers, for which lateral propagation of disturbances is effective.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 13; Feb. 197
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  • 99
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    Aerodynamic characteristics of the planetary atmosphere experiments test entry probe (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The aerodynamic characteristics of the Planetary Atmosphere Experiments Test entry probe were determined experimentally in ballistic range tests over a wide range of Mach and Reynolds numbers, and were compared with full-scale flight results. The ground facility data agreed with the full-scale data within 2 to 3% in drag coefficient, and within 5 to 10% in static stability, at the higher Mach numbers. Comparisons of the flight data with conventional wind-tunnel data indicated a significant disagreement in drag coefficient in the transonic speed range suggestive of important sting or wall interference effects. Variations in drag coefficient with Mach number were very small hypersonically, but variations with Reynolds number were of the order of 15% at a free-stream Mach number of 13 over the Reynolds number range from 10,000 to 1,000,000. Variations in the lift and static-stability curves with Mach number and Reynolds number were also defined.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 12; Jan. 197
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  • 100
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    In-orbit servicing (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A concept called the low-cost modular spacecraft, in which the subsystems would be contained in replaceable modules and which would be capable of various applications, is under engineering development. Studies have shown that servicing of such a spacecraft on orbit by the Space Shuttle over an extended lifetime is more economical than three other alternatives: launching replacement satellites on conventional boosters as existing satellites fail, launching replacements by Shuttle, or launching replacement satellites and retrieving malfunctioning satellites by Shuttle. For on-orbit servicing, the Shuttle would use its Remote Manipulator system (RMS) to bring the malfunctioning satellite into its cargo bay. The Flight Support System (FSS) on the Orbiter used for servicing the satellite would include an appendage storage frame, a retention cradle, a positioning platform, a Module Exchange Mechanism (MEM), and a storage magazine. Ground simulations are under way with the Orbiter mockup.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 13; Feb. 197
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