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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Offshore Financial Services and the Internet: Creating Confidence in the Use of Cyberspace? (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The use of the Internet and World Wide Web (WWW) as a distributive medium is seen by many businesses as a legitimate way to cut costs of operation. Confidence is growing in the use of this medium to transact business because of the increasing sophistication of firewalls, encryption software, and digital key technology. This paper presents empirical evidence from one offshore financial center where the process of legislative and regulatory reform put in place to establish confidence in the traditional provision of offshore financial services is now being used to regulate and legitimize the online distribution of such services. The results show that all firms surveyed for this study use the Internet for routine brochure-ware purposes and the larger firms (particularly in the offshore life insurance sector) are developing more sophisticated customized transactional functions via extranet platforms. Tensions exist though with respect to “regulatory grasp” via the Internet, as offshore places are being put under increased pressure by supranational organizations such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and Financial Action Task Force (FATF) to require greater transparency in offshore financial transactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00216
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are Hispanic Immigrants in English-Only States at a Homeownership Disadvantage? Evidence from the 1980 and 1990 U.S. Censuses (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Utilizing data from the 1980 and 1990 U.S. census, this study investigates whether the passage of official-English legislation at the state level during the 1980s affected the housing acquisition of foreign-born Hispanics. The results suggest that both limited-English-proficient (LEP) and English-fluent Hispanic immigrants who resided in states that passed English-only legislation were less likely to acquire a home during the 1980s compared to their counterparts in other areas. Consistent with economic theory, however, the group that seemed to be most affected included older LEP residents. One explanation for these findings is that the official-English legislation mirrored growing xenophobia against foreign-born Hispanics, resulting in additional social stratification on the basis of ethnicity in housing markets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00198
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Call of the Wild: Call Centers and Economic Development in Rural Areas (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper attempts to reflect critically on the role which telephone call centers might play in the economic development of rural places in the ‘information age’, drawing mainly on a case study of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. It argues that although call center employment tends mainly to be urban-based, the growth of this form of work does present opportunities for some rural areas. The paper considers the locational factors rural areas would have to possess or develop in order to attract such work. It suggests call centers can make a valuable, though limited, contribution towards rural economic development, principally through the creation of additional employment opportunities and the stimulation of new skills and competencies. It also suggests that call centers do not represent a panacea for rural areas and that, indeed, it would be dangerous for rural areas to become over-reliant on employment in this sector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00200
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Errata (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00202
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Telecommunications Infrastructure in the Southeastern United States: Urban and Rural Variation (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The capabilities of central office (CO) telephone switches in four southeastern states (Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Tennessee) provide detail on spatial variation in telecommunications technologies. A proposed six-level hierarchy of switch capability was used. Switches with digital capability are concentrated disproportionately in metropolitan areas, largely in response to larger numbers of business establishments. The overall picture in the Southeast is one of tremendous variation—variation across states and variation within the four states being studied. Rural (nonmetro) counties generally, but not always, have both fewer switches overall and fewer switches with digital capability. North Carolina and Tennessee, the two most urban of the four states, also have seen the greatest entry by new telecommunications competitors. These two states have the largest percentages of advanced (digital) switches in both metro and rural counties. At the county level, the number of switches is primarily a function of a county's population but, even more significantly in three states, of the number of business establishments in the county. On the whole, it is residents of metropolitan—not rural—areas who are most likely to be served by newer forms of digital telecommunications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00201
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Globalization, E-economy, and Transport (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0017-4815.2003.00226.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The E-economy and the Rise of Technocapitalism: Networks, Firms, and Transportation (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The e-economy is part of a larger phenomenon, technocapitalism, that is transforming business organizations and the ways in which they transact, produce, and ship their goods. Technocapitalism is an evolution of market capitalism that is rooted in technological innovation and supported by such intangibles as creativity and knowledge. This paper considers first the main characteristics of networks that support the e-economy and its source phenomenon, the emergence of technocapitalism. Networks are thought to be the main vehicle through which the e-economy spreads, and they have major effects on the organization of business firms. The culture of technocapitalism, with its emphasis on continuous innovation and rapid adjustment, is largely behind the rising importance of networks. A second section then considers the deconstruction of business firms and its relation to networks, the e-economy, and the rise of technocapitalism. A historical perspective is provided to show the contrast with previous eras. The deconstruction of business organizations involves a major transformation of the norms and ways in which firms are run and structured. Finally, the likely implications for transportation and shipping of the rise of the e-economy, its networks, and the deconstruction of firms are discussed. The logistics, pricing, and infrastructure of shipping are likely to be substantially affected by the spread of the e-economy, its networks, and the deconstruction of firms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0017-4815.2003.00227.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Index to Volume 34 (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0017-4815.2003.00234.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Agglomeration Dilemma: “Should I Stay or Should I Go?” (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper presents a critical survey of some recent developments in the theory of international trade. Particular emphasis is given to the role of increasing returns to scale and labor mobility in shaping the pattern of industrial location across integrating countries. The goal is to review and discuss the novel insights and predictions of the so-called “new” theories in order to pose and stimulate avenues for future research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00218
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jobs, Houses, and Trees: Changing Regional Structure, Local Land-Use Patterns, and Forest Cover in Southern Indiana (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Land-use and -cover change is a topic of increasing concern as interest in forest and agricultural land preservation grows. Urban and residential land use is quickly replacing extractive land use in southern Indiana. The interaction between land quality and urban growth pressures is also causing secondary forest growth and forest clearing to occur jointly in a complex spatial pattern. It is argued that similar processes fuel the abandonment of agricultural land leading to private forest regrowth, changes in topography and land quality, and declining real farm product prices. However, the impact of urban growth and development on forests depends more strongly on changes in both the residential housing and labor markets. Using location quotient analysis of aggregate employment patterns, and the relationship between regional labor market changes, the extent of private forest cover was examined from 1967 to 1998. Then an econometric model of land-use shares in forty southern Indiana counties was developed based on the net benefits to agriculture, forestland, and urban uses. To test the need to control explicitly for changes in residential demand and regional economic structure, a series of nested models was estimated. Some evidence was found that changing agricultural profitability is leading to private forest regrowth. It was also uncovered that the ratio of urban to forest land uses is better explained by incorporating measures of residential land value and industrial concentration than simply considering population density alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00220
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transitions at Growth and Change (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00225
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficiency and TFP Growth in the Spanish Regions: The Role of Human and Public Capital (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper analyzes the productivity growth of the Spanish regions between 1965 and 1995, decomposing productivity gains into technological progress and efficiency change by means of Malmquist indices. Once estimates of efficiency are obtained, the aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of human and public capital on growth in terms of their impact on Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Public capital is believed to increase the productivity of the private factors of production whereas human capital is thought to contribute to the production process as an additional input and to have a dynamic influence on growth through its impact on technological innovation (shifts in the production frontier) and technological diffusion (movements toward the frontier), which are the components of this TFP measure. Considering inefficiencies will then allow the effects of these variables on TFP growth to be estimated via technological progress and efficiency gains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00212
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Understanding the Non-Metropolitan—Metropolitan Digital Divide (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A consistent gap exists between home Internet use in metropolitan areas and in non-metropolitan areas in the U.S. This digital divide may stem from technology differences in home Internet connectivity. Alternatively, differences in education, income, and other household attributes may explain differences in metropolitan and non-metropolitan area home Internet access. Effective programs to reduce the metropolitan–non-metropolitan digital divide must be based on an understanding of the relative roles that technology and household characteristics play in determining differential Internet usage. The household Internet adoption decision is modeled using a logit estimation approach with data from the 2001 U.S. Current Population Survey Internet and Computer Use Supplement. A decomposition of separate metropolitan and non-metropolitan area estimates shows that differences in household attributes, particularly education and income, account for 63 percent of the current metropolitan–non-metropolitan digital divide. The result raises significant doubts that policies which focus solely on infrastructure and technology access will mitigate the current metropolitan–non-metropolitan digital divide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00215
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alliances, Networks and Competitive Strategy: Rethinking Clusters of Innovation (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Networks of interaction have assumed particular significance in recent years because of their presumed importance for learning and innovation. Alliances between related firms are thought to encourage interactive learning between participating organizations through the sharing of knowledge and information, which is itself facilitated through trust, shared values and ways of working. The vast body of literature that has emerged is, however, incredibly fragmented, encompassing an array of theoretical positions and perspectives. This paper focuses upon two issues which are believed to be of particular significance and which need clarification in order to move to a clearer understanding of the ways in which networks of interaction evolve, and of their capabilities and limitations in relation to economic performance and competitiveness: (1) the importance of network structure, arguing that innovative activity requires flexibility with regard to network formation. (2) The role of geography in relation to the construction and functioning of alliances. It is the contention here that networks are likely to be increasingly international in scope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00196
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book Review (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Constantinos I. Chlomoudis and Athanasios A. Pallis, European Union Port Policy: The Movement Towards A Long Term Strategy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00203
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    E-commerce, Transportation, and Economic Geography (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper explores possible ways in which growth in Internet retailing (e-retailing) may affect the spatial distribution of economic activities. After a brief overview of e-retailing, a categorization of possible spatial impacts is introduced. These include impacts on the retail industry, such as substitution of e-retail for brick-and-mortar retail, impacts on transportation, such as substitution of freight transportation for personal transportation in goods delivery, and pervasive impacts that affect the whole economy. The latter category includes uniform delivered pricing, spatial leveling of accessibility, and marketing strategies that target individuals rather than regions. The question of whether e-retailing and brick-and-mortar retailing are truly substitutes is taken up in the next section, along with potential implications of multi-channel retailing. The final section of the paper defines some critical research directions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0017-4815.2003.00228.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emerging Global Logistics Networks: Implications for Transport Systems and Policies (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Logistics chains are constantly changing to facilitate increasingly global movements. In qualitative terms, long term trends in logistics services indicate a growing degree of product customization and an increased responsiveness in order delivery. These trends impact on the development of technology and the growth of welfare in different world regions in different ways. This paper drafts a research agenda which will help to improve understanding of the interrelationships between trade, logistics, transport, and regional development at a global scale. Rather than being an exhaustive or detailed inventory of trends, the paper provides a focus on “supply chain by thinking.” The key starting point is the need for more and more efficient transportation and sophisticated logistics processes. Three subjects are treated: First, the strategic implications of borderless supply chain management on the choice of alternative logistics structures in supply chains are considered; second, the possible impacts of the expected changes in supply chain processes upon regional economic activities are examined; third, the impacts of changes in global logistic processes on the transportation system and, in turn, on the environment are explored. This discussion leads to the identification of some new research challenges in the field of transportation and logistics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0017-4815.2003.00230.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ICT and Sustainable Mobility: From Impacts to Policy (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The question “Will using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems enable a more sustainable mobility?” is answered through analyzing current ICT policy in the EU and the United States of America (USA), through developing a conceptual model to structure the expected direct and indirect effects of ICT systems on mobility, and through building models for three selected ICT systems to estimate their quantitative effects on mobility. Based on the models, ICT systems seem to have limited mobility reduction potential (in terms of CO2 emissions and kilometer savings). On the short term, because of efficiency gains, ICT systems have a positive impact. In the long term, better quality of mobility will attract new demand and this will again result in an increase of travel. For policymakers this implies that ICT systems in the short run can make mobility more efficient. In the long run, to prevent the more efficient mobility from attracting new traffic, the implementation of any ICT system should be accompanied by a stronger pricing policy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0017-4815.2003.00231.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Onset of Health Problems and the Propensity of Workers to Change Employers and Occupations (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Although many studies have investigated how poor health affects hours of work and labor force participation, few have examined the extent to which individuals adapt in order to remain in the labor market. Individuals experiencing health problems may move to different types of work in order to remain in the labor force or to reduce the negative labor market consequences of illness. This paper investigates the movement between employers, and among occupation categories when changing employers, using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). One advantage of the HRS is that its questions on life-cycle employment and health patterns permit a long-term perspective on job mobility that is unavailable in most other datasets. Workers with health problems are more likely than healthy workers to remain with their current employer than to switch employers. But among those who switch employers, those with health problems are more likely to change broad occupational categories than are healthy workers. While many individuals remain with the same employer after the onset of health problems, many do switch employers and occupations, even in the presence of ADA legislation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00219
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Property Values in a Low Populated Area when Dual Noxious Facilities are Present (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines how the presence of dual, disparate environmental disamenities located near each other impact property values in a semi-rural area. A heavy metals manufacturing facility and a rubber-compounding factory operate two and one half miles apart in a small community. The heavy metals manufacturing facility uses low-level depleted uranium in its production. The level of production is small and the production process does not emit visible air pollution or odors that can be easily identified. Thus, if the surrounding community negatively perceives a potential risk, it is not through the channels of sight or smell. The rubber-compounding factory emits foul odors and some visible air pollution. Thus, its negative externalities and potential risks are easily perceptible. Using the hedonic price technique, this paper examines the impact of the use of a non-perceptible hazardous material in the production of a good on housing prices in a community when another more visible, noxious facility is present. The results show that noticeable disamenities are capitalized into housing values, while non-visible ones are not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00222
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  • 21
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    Electronic Resource
    Some Micro-Evidence on the “Porter Hypothesis” from Austrian VOC Emission Standards (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper presents some micro-evidence relevant to the “Porter Hypothesis” on the techno-economic consequences of Austrian Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emission standards, the most restrictive of their kind in the world. Using firm-level survey data and complementing it with highly disaggregated foreign trade data, the paper explores whether the standards had a palpable impact on the competitiveness of Austrian manufacturers of paints, coatings, printing inks, and adhesives, whether compliance stimulated innovation in this industry, whether the standards crowded out other, more productive Research and Development (R&D), and whether compliance efforts gave rise to unexpected benefits of compliance. It finds no unequivocal aggregate impact on the competitiveness of regulated firms, yet does find some interesting variation with firm size. Moreover, the standards appear to have dampened import competition. The standards gave rise to considerable changes in firms’ product range and appear to have accelerated the rate of product innovation in the regulated industry. R&D spending to develop compliant products is found to be very unevenly distributed, mainly due to technological and, to a lesser extent, organizational factors. There is evidence that compliance efforts displaced or postponed existing R&D projects. However, there is also evidence that search for compliant products yielded unexpected and beneficial ideas, knowledge, and competencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00223
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  • 22
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    Automobile Reliance Among the Elderly: Race and Spatial Context Effects (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Mobility is a necessary condition for the social and emotional well-being of older people. To meet their mobility needs, the elderly assign pivotal importance to the automobile despite the potential challenge of driving cessation and searching for alternatives to automobile transportation. Older persons’ generally strong reliance on the automobile varies, however, by land use patterns (density) as well as by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. This paper analyzes the effects of spatial context and personal attributes on automobile reliance among the elderly. Using the 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) trip data, two models of automobile reliance among elderly (65+) trip makers are estimated. The results show that spatial context effects of automobile reliance vary by demographic characteristics; in particular, they are more pronounced for black than for white elderly. Moreover, race variation in automobile reliance is strongest in urban locations rather than less dense spatial contexts. Finally, the differentiation between being a passenger rather than a driver is salient in order to understand locational and racial variations in automobile reliance among the elderly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00213
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  • 23
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    Analysis of Quality of Life and Rural Development: Evidence from West Virginia Data (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines the relationship between quality of life, rural development, and several socioeconomic variables. The analysis utilizes data obtained from a survey questionnaire administered to a random sample of more than 2,000 residents in West Virginia, and spatial data obtained by geocoding the survey respondents’ addressees. Quality of life is measured by a three-point categorical measure of overall satisfaction, and development is measured by a goods and services availability index. A simultaneous ordered probit model is used to examine the relationships. The empirical results are consistent with the theoretical predictions and indicate a simultaneous relationship between quality of life satisfaction and rural development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00214
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  • 24
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    Impacts of IT Advances and E-commerce on Transportation in Producer Services (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Producer services have been among the most rapidly growing industries, as measured by employment, in the United States and in Europe in recent decades. The production and delivery of these specialized forms of service industry work require the use of transportation and communications systems in a variety of ways, including the physical movement of people working in these industries, as well as the movement of the information related to the production and distribution of their work. Some of this work is performed in localized markets, requiring travel between clients and suppliers in local transportation modes, such as auto, bus, or other types of transportation. Other work is done by specialists who travel interregionally and globally to do their work, primarily traveling to their clients. There is little knowledge of how these production relationships have changed with the advent of the Internet and the widespread use of e-mail in the business production process. Within the framework of this STELLA initiative, this paper outlines research needs in this area, and frames an approach that would produce badly needed knowledge about impacts on the producer services of the Internet and related e-commerce initiatives on physical transportation systems at a local to interregional scale.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0017-4815.2003.00229.x
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    Thanks to Manuscript Reviewers (2003)
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    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    Logistics Strategy and Transport Service Choices: An Adaptive Stated Preference Experiment (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper presents the results of a microanalysis of freight transport demand in a logistics context. Current research concentrates, with few exceptions, on shippers’ choice of a transport mode. However, in a global context, shippers’ behavior has to be conceived as a complex decision, which considers transport mode choice as only a part of a firm's logistics strategy. Since no data exist to directly estimate the marginal values for different qualities of transport and logistics services, a stated preference approach is applied. Adaptive stated preference experiments were performed for twenty-two firms in Italy and in Switzerland. The experimental results—forty hypothetical binary choices per firm—were completed by background information on the firms’ long-term logistics strategies. The results confirm the relevance of the logistics context (e.g., JIT strategies on the supplier's or customer's side) for transport demand. The calculated marginal values of time and characteristics (reliability, frequency, etc.) provide important insights and permit generalized costs in freight transport models to be recalibrated.
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    Mergers and Acquisitions in the Telecommunications Industry (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The 1990s witnessed an enormous wave of mergers and acquisitions dramatically reconfigure the market structure of global telecommunications. In Europe and the U.S., telecommunications firms have steadily consolidated into a shrinking pool of providers, rapidly oligopolizing the industry. This paper reviews the number and size of mergers and acquisitions globally in the 1990s and charts the national patterns of purchasers and target firms, noting the overwhelming hegemony of American corporations. The reasons behind this process include globalization, deregulation, the convergence of digital technologies, the search for economies of scale and scope, and U.S. corporate tax laws. It also points to the impacts of this oligopolization on consumer prices, labor, equity of access to telecommunications services, and the political and cultural repercussions of increasingly concentrated ownership.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00221
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    Mark C. Berger (1955-2003) (2003)
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    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00224
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    Hierarchical Tendencies of Capital Markets Among International Financial Centers (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The dramatic evolution of global finance in the last three decades has seen intensified competition among the world's major cities to become prominent control centers of global financial flows. This paper examines the spatial organization and evolution of capital markets in forty-three world cities from 1980 to 1998. It finds evidence of the strengthening of hierarchical tendencies among world financial and capital cities as they search for ways to differentiate between themselves through financial concentration and productivity. The results also indicate a trend towards the dominance of London and New York in this financial hierarchy, and that top tier cities tend to be characterized by significantly lower levels of market and share concentrations, share trading value, and risks. Finally, important differences in ownership patterns between the capital markets are detected for the top cities of the hierarchy.
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    Errata (2003)
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    Local Industry Agglomeration and New Business Activity (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: New businesses are highly involved in innovative activity, which enhances worker productivity and leads to increased economic output. This paper investigates the effects of industry concentration on the incidence of new business openings in the 5,504 Maine county-industries. Empirical findings indicate that new business activity increases with the number of incumbent establishments in a county-industry and its concentration level relative to the U.S. economy. Model simulations show that raising county-industries, with no initial industry presence, to concentration levels similar to that of the industry in the U.S. economy results in a 1.7 to 8.9 percent increase in the expected number of business openings over a three-year period. Empirical results also suggest that industry clusters comprised of young and small establishments are more conducive to new business formation than clusters made up of mature and large companies.
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    Does Public Lands Policy Affect Local Wage Growth? (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The effects on wage growth of management practices applied on public lands in the Northern Forest region of the United States are quantified. A central objective is to determine if the management of public lands for preservationist uses results in lower average wages. This is a frequent claim made by critics of land preservation who argue that preservationist management, by prohibiting resource extraction, causes the composition of employment to shift from high-wage jobs in resource-based manufacturing to low-wage jobs in the service sector. A model of simultaneous employment and net migration growth is estimated with data on non-metropolitan counties over the period 1990 to 1999 and applied in a recursive relationship to wage growth. In earlier studies, models of this type have typically been specified in levels. Time-series evidence that supports a preference for growth rates is provided as the form for such models. Exogenous variables in this model include the 1990 shares of the county land base that are publicly owned and managed for preservationist (non-extractive) uses and multiple (including extractive) uses. It was found that wage growth rates are not significantly affected by the shares of land under either management regime. As well, recent declines in national forest timber sales are found to have no effect on wage growth.
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    Books Received—May 2003 (2003)
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    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    Price Dynamics in the International Wheat Market: Modeling with Error Correction and Directed Acyclic Graphs (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: In this paper we examine dynamic relationships among wheat prices from five countries for the years 1981–1999. Error correction models and directed acyclic graphs are employed with observational data to sort–out the dynamic causal relationships among prices from major wheat producing regions: Canada, the European Union, Argentina, Australia, and the United States. An ambiguity related to the cyclic or acyclic flow of information between Canada and Australia is uncovered. We condition our analysis on the assumption that information flow is acyclic. The empirical results show that Canada and the U.S. are leaders in the pricing of wheat in these markets. The U.S. has a significant effect on three markets excluding Canada.
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    Land Ownership Risk and Urban Development (2003)
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    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Under certainty, unlimited duration of private ownership of land provides landowners with efficient development incentives. However, in cases of ownership risk arising from title mistakes, fraud, boundary encroachment, or adverse possession, the statute of limitations sets a limit on how long agents have to establish or defend an ownership claim. This paper demonstrates that such restrictions speed the pace of land development and systematically affect the development density according to site location in the urban land market. It also offers an explanation of why land owners prefer a time limit on the ability to defend their ownership. It shows that the value–maximizing statute varies across sites in the spatial market.
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    Regional Economy Size and the Growth–Instability Frontier: Evidence from Europe (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Predictions of the portfolio model of the economy are tested using regional growth data from Europe. It is shown that more aggregated regions of Europe tend to be more economically diverse than more disaggregated regions. Then, using different frontier estimation methods, evidence of a convex growth–instability frontier for aggregated regions is presented. At the most regionally disaggregated level for which there are data, there is weak if any evidence of the frontier. The results suggest that large economies are appropriately modeled as portfolios, whose growth processes are characterized by the convex growth–instability frontier, whereas small local economies do not display this characteristic.
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    [ohne Titel] (2003)
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    Singapore journal of tropical geography 24 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00166
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    [ohne Titel] (2003)
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    Singapore journal of tropical geography 24 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: In this paper, I examine the ways in which widely reproduced discourses and theories about globalisation elide American dominance. Drawing on arguments about enframing made by Timothy Mitchell in his postcolonial analysis of Egypt's colonisation, I suggest that one significant cause of this elision relates to a commonplace imagined geography of globalisation that enframes economic interdependency as constitutive of a smooth, decentred and somehow levelled global space of flows. I argue that this imagined geography is structured into dominant political-economic forms of practice and governance, and that in this way it both enables and elides American dominance. Notwithstanding this force in the world, and notwithstanding the tendency of many commentators on globalisation to ignore American dominance, recent events have made such elisions more difficult. I therefore suggest that we need to do more to theorise how American dominance is interwoven with economic globalisation.
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    Fieldwork and Tropicality in French Indochina: Reflections on Pierre Gourou's Les Paysans Du Delta Tonkinois, 1936 (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 24 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper examines the fieldwork undertaken by the distinguished French geographer Pierre Gourou (1900–99) in the Tonkin Delta (Red River Delta) of northern Vietnam in the 1920s and 1930s, and his wider configuration of “the tropical world” as a distinct space of knowledge and radical otherness. Gourou's fieldwork endeavours in French Indochina are interpreted in the light of recent work on “tropicality”: the idea that “the tropics” need to be understood as a western cultural construction and colonising discourse that essentialised the hot, wet regions of the world, and exalted the temperate world over its tropical counterpart. The paper focuses on Gourou's monumental 1936 study Les paysans du delta tonkinois, étude de géographie humaine. It is argued that in this study, and his later comparative work on the tropics, Gourou elaborated a distinct geographical variant of tropicality, but one that, ultimately, reinforced the essentialist logic and momentum of this discourse. Particular attention is paid to the geographical ideas, fieldwork techniques and discursive strategies that Gourou used in his 1936 study, and the French colonial context in which he worked. The article shows how Gourou appealed to western reason and science as tools of study, identified overpopulation as the key problem facing the Tonkin Delta, and suggested that colonial practices of modernisation had a limited place and ineffectual role in the rice plains of the region.
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    Under the Microscope: Fieldwork Practice and Cuba's Biotechnology Industry: A Reflexive Affair? (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 24 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Through a re-reading of my Ph.D. fieldwork on Cuba's biotechnology industry, I empirically pull apart the relationship between fieldwork practice and knowledge production as experienced in my research. I argue that reflexivity is an insufficiently critiqued concept and, as a result, that its widespread influence in contemporary fieldwork practice works to obscure the influence of “others”, not just on the “doing” of research but on the conceptual development of the methodology itself. I make this argument by focusing on the various strategies I employed to actualise my research methodology, the problems I met with and the subsequent pull of my research in new directions. I cover such issues as gaining access, working in multiple locales across antagonistic polities, what happens when fieldwork goes wrong and the notion of “empirical drift”. I use these issues to examine how I was actively constructing both my field and my research methodology at the same time and through others. I try to show how the fact that fieldwork can be simultaneously a lived experience, a socially constructed performance and an episteme accounts for much of its distinctive qualities as a milieu in which existing knowledge is put to the test, or added to. I argue that these same qualities allow it to be a deeply intertextual process, or a joint work between the researcher and the field. This, I suggest, warrants greater recognition.
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    Negotiating Expectations in the Field: Gatekeepers, Research Fatigue and Cultural Biases (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 24 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper considers disjunctures between my expectations and experience of doing dissertation fieldwork, which I conducted in Benin between the autumns of 1997 and 1998. The research examined the nature of women's livelihood strategies and their associated outcomes in terms of material well-being. I now believe that my feminist worldview, and my growing exhaustion as the project progressed, resulted in my minimising the importance of key aspects of fieldwork in an African context. Specifically, I downplayed the importance of negotiating with male “gatekeepers” in gaining access to the women with whom I wanted to work. While most of the time I was able to manage this well enough, one day, in particular, stands out as a time when I handled these negotiations very poorly. This paper compares the experiences of that day with another much more productive and fruitful one to examine how and why expectations and experience can diverge. A consideration of some of the issues that resulted in the “lost day” might prove instructive for other researchers.
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    Brainstorming, Modified Logframes and the Conversion of Research Hypotheses into Field Questions: Reflections from Team-based Fieldwork in Eastern India (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 24 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper considers some practical problems associated with organising large-scale comparative field research in eastern India. The focus of the paper is on the use of brainstorming and “modified logframes” as two means by which hypotheses about the working of the local state from the point of view of the rural poor could be turned into concrete field questions. The paper is less concerned with ethical and positional issues relating to team-based research in “the tropics” (on this, see Williams et al., 2003a) than with the equally important if apparently more prosaic issues relating to the flawed but necessary search for objectivity and rigour in comparative field studies.
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    Development and Governmentality (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 24 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The subjectivity of individuals, the so-called speakers and hearers of political discourse, who actually, or even ideally, populate a state, needs to be understood in terms of enunciative modalities - the statuses, sites, and positions - of their existence as political subjects. Enunciative modalities refer to the ways a discursive practice is attached to bodies in space (Clifford, 2001:56).Governmental thought territorializes itself in different ways… We can analyze the ways in which the idea of a territorially bounded, politically governed nation state under sovereign authority took shape… One can trace anomalous governmental histories of smaller-scale territories… and one can also think of these [as] spaces of enclosure that governmental thought has imagined and penetrated… how [does it] happen that social thought territorializes itself on the problem of [for example] the slum in the nineteenth century (Rose, 1999:34–36)?
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    Book Reviews (2003)
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    Singapore journal of tropical geography 24 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Books reviewed:Nancy Leys Stepan, Picturing Tropical NatureAnne-Marie Hilsdon, Martha Macintyre, Vera Mackie and Maila Stivens (eds.), Human Rights and Gender Politics: Asia-Pacific PerspectivesElisabeth Croll, Endangered Daughters: Discrimination and Development in AsiaTai Yong Tan and Gyanesh Kudaisya, The Aftermath of Partition in South AsiaHal Hill and Joaõ M. Saldanha (eds.), East Timor: Development Challenges for the World's Newest NationRobert E. Rhoades (ed.), Bridging Human and Ecological Landscapes: Participatory Research and Sustainable Development in an Andean Frontier
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    Location and Growth in the Brazilian Northeast (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc
    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Clustering of economic performance across jurisdictions has generated considerable research on the spillovers and linkages among geographical neighbors. Much of this work, however, has been aspatial, implying that the influence of location attributes on growth has been largely ignored. In this paper, we examine the contribution of location to regional economic growth using municipio-level data for the Brazilian Northeast—a historically lagging region of the country. We test if productivity among northeastern municipios is converging to a steady state and whether spatial externalities are linked to productivity growth in individual municipios. We find that, conditional on structural characteristics, productivity among municipios is converging at about 3 percent per year. Further, productivity in individual municipios is positively associated with own-structural characteristics but negatively associated with productivity growth in neighboring municipios. This means that there are negative spatial externalities coming from productivity improvements in neighboring regions.
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    Exploring Relationships Between the Global and Regional Measures of Spatial Autocorrelation (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc
    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this research is to investigate dimensions of geographic variation in spatial dependency contained within large multilevel data sets. We calculate 1990 population density by census block group, county, and state for the 48 coterminous states and the District of Columbia of the United States, calculations of interest to a wide variety of spatial scientists. We explore relations between these levels and their variation across the nation. The empirical findings generated by this work furnish implications concerning the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP), spatial autocorrelation statistics, scale effects, and resolution.
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    State Taxation, Exploration, and Production in the U.S. Oil Industry (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc
    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract How do firms in nonrenewable resource industries respond to changes in state taxes? This paper presents simulations of changes in state production (severance) tax policy on the timing of exploration and output in Wyoming. The framework developed allows for interactions between taxes levied by different levels of government. Results suggest that oil production is highly inelastic with respect to changes in production taxes. Policy implications suggest that increases in production taxes on oil risk little loss in future production. The extent to which these results may generalize to other oil producing states is considered. JEL Codes: H71, Q32
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    Book Reviews (2003)
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    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed in this article:Michael L. Lahr and Erik Dietzenbacher (eds.), Input-Output Analysis: Frontiers and ExtensionsA. Stewart Fotheringham, Chris Brunsdon and Martin Charlton, Geographically Weighted Regression: The Analysis of Spatially Varying RelationshipsIsabelle Thomas, Transportation Networks and the Optimal Location of Human Activities: A Numerical Geography ApproachVolker M. Welter, Biopolis: Patrick Geddes and the City of LifeAnthony Tung, Preserving the World's Great Cities: The Destruction and Renewal of the Historic MetropolisJanet Rothenberg Pack, Growth and Convergence in Metropolitan AmericaJeffrey M. Sellers, Governing from Below: Urban Regions and The Global EconomyHarri Andersson, Gertrud Jorgensen, Dominique Joye and Wim Ostendorf (eds.), Change and Stability in Urban Europe: Form, Quality and GovernanceLaura Reese and Raymond A. Rosenfeld, The Civic Culture of Local Economic DevelopmentGrant Ian Thrall, Business Geography and New Real Estate Market AnalysisMary-Françoise Renard, China and Its Regions: Economic Growth and Reform in Chinese Provinces
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    Call for Applications: The Benjamin H. Stevens 2004–2005 Graduate Fellowship in Regional Science (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc
    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    Environmental Risk and Uncertainty: Insights from Yucca Mountain (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc
    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Notes: Abstract This study examines the effects of the risk from transporting high–level radioactive waste to the proposed Yucca Mountain repository on housing location decisions in Southern Nevada. Using data from a survey of southern Nevada households, we develop a model–based subjective risk estimate for each household. We then explore different factors that may influence the household's location decisions if the proposed transportation route is ultimately chosen for nuclear waste transport. We extend the conventional expected utility model to allow for uncertainty surrounding the actual risks borne by the household. Finally, we examine the impact of federal government compensation on households’ location decisions. The findings indicate that residents currently living near the proposed transportation route express subjective risk estimates much larger than those reported by the Department of Energy. In general, households that are uncertain about the future risks are more likely to relocate than those expressing certainty. When everything is considered, the model predicts that between one and three percent of households living near the transportation route are likely to relocate. Compensation can influence some households to remain at their present location and bear the transport risk.
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    Regional Perspectives on Dollarization in Canada (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc
    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we investigate whether it is preferable for Canadian regions to individually adopt the U.S. dollar or to remain with the current currency arrangement. The empirical analysis focuses on the cross–correlations of various business cycle measures of Canadian regions, of Canada, and of the United States. The business cycle investigation is completed by the analysis of two other important criteria for optimum currency areas, industrial specialization and trade interdependence. Our results highlight a significant heterogeneity across Canadian provinces. In particular, it transpires that it could be economically advantageous for the central provinces of Ontario and Quebec and to a lesser extent British Columbia to adopt the U.S. dollar. In contrast, it is not as clear what the other regions should do, the final answer depending on the path the larger three provinces take.
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    Robustness of Spatial Autocorrelation Specifications: Some Monte Carlo Evidence (2003)
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    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Notes: Abstract This paper examines the robustness of various models of spatial autocorrelation through a series of Monte Carlo experiments in which each model takes a turn at the data generator. The generated data are then used to estimate all of the models. The estimated models are evaluated primarily on their predictive power.
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    The Role of Cultural Clustering in Attracting New Immigrants (2003)
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    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Notes: Abstract This paper argues that new immigrants cluster in culturally homogeneous groups in the host country because of imperfect information. However, a pulling effect exists provided that the cultural communities are not too large. With a panel of migration flows to the major O.E.C.D. countries from the mid 1980s to the mid 1990s, it is shown that the existence of similar cultural communities attracts new immigrants. However, the effect is not homogeneous for all types of source and destination countries. Furthermore, the pulling effect is shown to fall to zero for cultural communities above a certain threshold size.
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    Predicting National and Regional Recessions Using Probit Modeling and Interest-Rate Spreads (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc
    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Notes: Abstract This study extends the work of Estrella and Mishkin (1996, 1998) to show that interest-rate spreads and probit modeling can be used to predict recessions in many states as well as the nation. State recessions are defined as two or more consecutive quarters of declining real gross state product. The yield spread, SPREAD, is defined as the difference between the 10-year Treasury bond rate and the three-month Treasury bill rate. The national results are similar to those obtained by Estrella and Mishkin. Probit models are estimated for all 50 states using SPREAD and unemployment insurance claims, UI, as alternative explanatory variables. For 34 of the 50 states, SPREAD is significant at the 0.01 level as a predictor of state recessions. Much weaker results are obtained using UI. Simulations for the 1979–2001 period are used to compute loss functions for the national and state models at probability screens of 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent. The results demonstrate that probit models based on SPREAD can be useful in improving business and policy decisions in many states.
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    Long–Run Industry Equilibrium Under Demand Uncertainty: The Locational Effect of Business Taxes (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Notes: This paper departs from previous work on the locational effects of business taxes under uncertainty by considering the attainment of long–run industry equilibrium. A general m input, planar–space production location model is adopted, and each individual firm is assumed to face random industry demand. I provide some interesting results which are contrary to those proposed by previous studies in the single–firm context and the relative impact of various business taxes.
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    Neural Network Modeling of Constrained Spatial Interaction Flows: Design, Estimation, and Performance Issues (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Notes: In this paper a novel modular product unit neural network architecture is presented to model singly constrained spatial interaction flows. The efficacy of the model approach is demonstrated for the origin constrained case of spatial interaction using Austrian interregional telecommunication traffic data. The model requires a global search procedure for parameter estimation, such as the Alopex procedure. A benchmark comparison against the standard origin constrained gravity model and the two–stage neural network approach, suggested by Openshaw (1998), illustrates the superiority of the proposed model in terms of the generalization performance measured by ARV and SRMSE.
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    Book Reviews (2003)
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    Notes: Books reviewed in this article:Carl Abbott, Greater Portland: Urban Life and Landscape in the Pacific NorthwestMassimo Gastaldi and Aura Reggiani, New Analytical Advances in Transportation and Spatial DynamicsManfred M. Fischer and Josef Frohlich (eds.), Knowledge, Complexity and Innovation SystemsMarlon G. Boarnet and Randall Crane, Travel by Design: The Influence of Urban Form on TravelStephen Graham and Simon Marvin, Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban ConditionWilbur R. Maki and Richard W. Lichty, Urban Regional Economics: Concepts, Tools, ApplicationsGerald D. Nash, The Federal Landscape: An Economic History of the Twentieth–Century WestWilliam G. Robbins and James C. Foster (eds.), Land in the American West: Private Claims And The Common GoodGeoffrey P. Meen, Modelling Spatial Housing Markets: Theory, Analysis, and PolicyWilliam P. Browne, The Failure of National Rural Policy: Institutions and InterestsMartha Burt, Laudan Y. Aron, and Edgar Lee, with Jesse Valente, Helping America's Homeless: Emergency Shelter or Affordable Housing?David Pitfield (ed.), Transport Planning, Logistics, and Spatial Mismatch: A Regional Science PerspectiveHarvey J. Miller and Shih–Lung Shaw, Geographic Information Systems for Transportation: Principles and ApplicationsBoris A. Portnov and Evyatar Erell, Urban Clustering: The Benefits and Drawbacks of LocationPhilip McCann, Urban and Regional Economics
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    Bayesian Estimation of Regional Production for CGE Modeling (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc
    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Notes: Abstract Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models are often criticized for using restrictive functional forms and relying on external sources for parameter values in their calibration. CGE modelers argue that in many instances reliable econometric estimates of important model parameters are unavailable because they must be estimated using small numbers of time-series observations. To address these criticisms, this paper uses a Bayesian approach to estimate the parameters of a translog production function in a regional computable general equilibrium model. Using priors from more reliable national estimates, and parameter restrictions required by neoclassical production theory, estimation is done by Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. A stylized regional CGE model is then used to contrast policy responses of a Cobb-Douglas specification with those from the estimated translog equation.
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    Assessing the Empirical Impact of Environmental Federalism (2003)
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    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Notes: Abstract Many theoretical models analyze the effects of decentralized environmental policymaking. The predictions range from a race to the top, a race to the bottom, or no effect. However, little empirical evidence exists to resolve this ambiguity. This paper fills the void by examining the impact of decentralized environmental policymaking in the U.S. under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush. For abatement expenditures, Reagan's decentralization had no discernible impact before the mid-1980s, but by the mid-1980s the data are consistent with decentralization leading to a race to the top. No statistically significant effect is found on nitrogen oxide or sulfur dioxide emissions.
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    Books Received—November 2003 (2003)
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    Index to Volume 43 (2003)
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    Migration, Job Change, and Wage Growth: A New Perspective on the Pecuniary Return to Geographic Mobility (2003)
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    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Notes: Abstract Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, this study examines the pattern of early career job mobility and migration in a sample of young male workers. Primary interest lies in the between–job wage change accompanying job transitions as well as the extended time–profile of migrant earnings. When the sample of job transitions is partitioned by education level, contemporaneous returns are found only for workers with twelve or less years of completed schooling. In contrast, highly educated workers demonstrate significant extended returns to migration with the bulk of pecuniary rewards accruing with a lag of nearly two years.
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    Book Reviews (2003)
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    Notes: Books reviewed in this article:Masahisa Fujita and Jacques-François Thisse, Economics of Agglomeration: Cities, Industrial Location, and Regional GrowthTimothy J. Bartik, Jobs for the Poor: Can Labor Policies Help?Miriam Solomon, Social EmpiricismNicole Pohl, Mobility in Space and Time: Challenges to the Theory of International EconomicsSteven Brakman, Harry Garretsen, and Charles van Marrewijk, An Introduction to Geographical Economics: Trade, Location and GrowthBruce A. Weber, Greg J. Duncan, and Leslie A. Whitener (eds.), Rural Dimensions of Welfare ReformWallace E. Oates (ed.), Property Taxation and Local Government Finance: Essays in Honor of C. Lowell HarrisMaryann P. Feldman and Nadine Massard (eds.), Institutions and Systems in the Geography of InnovationDengjian Jim, The Dynamics of Knowledge Regimes: Technology, Culture and Competitiveness in the USA and JapanHarvey J. Miller and Jiawei Han (eds.), Geographic Data Mining and Knowledge DiscoveryAnna Nagurney and June Dong, Supernetworks: Decision-Making for the Information AgeStuart McCook, States of Nature: Science, Agriculture, and Environment in the Spanish Caribbean, 1760-1940Philip Scranton (ed.), The Second Wave: Southern Industrialization from the 1940's tothe 1970'sStephen Haycox, Frigid Embrace: Politics, Economics, and Environment in AlaskaKathleen Ann Pickering, Lakota Culture, World EconomyOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD Territorial Reviews: HungaryOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD Territorial Reviews: ItalyOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD Territorial Reviews: Bergamo, ItalyOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD Territorial Reviews: Teruel, SpainOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD Territorial Reviews: The Valencian Central Districts, SpainJaakko Suvantola, Tourist's Experience of Place
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    Optimal Allocation of Land between Productive Use and Recreational Use (2003)
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    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper is an inquiry into the optimal allocation of time and natural areas to recreational uses, which have the feature of being a pure and continuous public good. We address this issue with a comprehensive approach. A static rational general equilibrium framework is developed in which heterogeneous agents allocate land and time endowments between alternative uses. This modeling has important advantages. First, Pareto-optimal and voluntary-contribution equilibrium allocations are obtained in a unified set-up. Second, the suboptimality result of the decentralized equilibrium, the free-rider problem on the provision of this nonexcludable public good, and different mechanisms to return the economy to its first-best are analyzed. Finally, a methodological critique is made of some empirical literature, and it is suggested that our theoretical microeconomic-based structure seems to be a suitable starting point for empirical research.
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    The Impact of a Customs Union with the European Union on Internal Migration in Turkey (2003)
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    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Notes: Abstract The impact of the recent Customs Union (CU) agreement between Turkey and the European Union on internal migration is studied using an intra-industry trade Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model with intersectoral capital mobility under two alternative specifications for the labor market: the traditional Harris-Todaro approach and the existence of a “wage curve” in the urban sector. Under both specifications, the numerical results show that the CU is welfare enhancing and causes a reduction of the urban-rural wage gap as suggested by theoretical studies. At the same time, it leads to rural-to-urban migration and raises the capital rent, results that are counter intuitive with respect to the dual economy literature. Furthermore, the rise in formal labor demand and the migration response to the CU have not resulted in an increase in urban unemployment (i.e. the “Todaro paradox”), but rather to a fall in the unemployment pool. The study also shows that the Bhagwati-Srinivasan proposal of maximizing welfare by uniformly subsidizing the entire labor market is impracticable, especially if the high wage union sector can negotiate employment conditions.
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    Book Reviews (2003)
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    Notes: Richard Florida, The Rise of the Creative Class, And How It's Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday LifeGabriele Tondl, Convergence After Divergence? Regional Growth in EuropeBrookings Institution Center on Urban & Metropolitan Policy, Beyond Merger: A Competitive Vision for the Regional City of LouisvilleEliahu Stern, Ilan Salomon, and Piet H. L. Bovy (eds.), Travel Behaviour: Spatial Patterns, Congestion and ModellingBörje Johansson, Charlie Karlsson and Roger R. Stough (eds.), Theories of Endogenous Regional Growth: Lessons for Regional PoliciesDaniel Felsenstein and Michael Taylor (eds.), Promoting Local Growth: Process, Practice and PolicySouthern California Studies Center, University of Southern California, Sprawl Hits the Wall: Confronting the Realities of Metropolitan Los AngelesKathryn A. Foster, Regionalism on PurposeGerrit J. Knaap (ed.), Land Market Monitoring for Smart Urban GrowthAndrew Frank, Jonathan Raper, and Jean-Paul Cheylan (eds.), Life and Motion of Socio-Economic UnitsMatthew Gandy, Concrete and Clay: Reworking Nature in New York CityJoseph Rykwert, The Seduction of Place: The City in the Twenty-First CenturyDaniel D. Arreola, Tejano South Texas: A Mexican American Cultural ProvinceManfred M. Fischer, Javier Revilla Diez, and Folke Snickars, Metropolitan Innovation Systems: Theory and Evidence from Three Metropolitan Regions in EuropeRoger Simmonds and Gary Hack, Global City Regions: Their Emerging FormsY. M. Yeung and David K. Y. Chu (eds.), Fujian: A Coastal Province in Transition and TransformationCoen Holtzappel, Martin Sanders, and Milan Titus (eds.), Riding a Tiger: Dilemmas of Integration and Decentralization in Indonesia
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    Uniform Pricing Versus Mill Pricing (2003)
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    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    Notes: This paper analyzes the coexistence of different pricing strategies. The purpose is to discuss how firms that are limited to uniform pricing affect the outcome of price competition among mill–price–setting firms. Price competition among (three) firms that are restricted to mill pricing is analyzed within the classic Hotelling framework and uniform–price–setting firms are considered as first movers. If uniform–price–setting firms deliver any good, they effectively separate mill–price–setting firms from each other. Finally, it is shown that price competition among first movers strengthens the effects of cross–type price competition.
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    The Effect of a Change in Wages on Welfare in a Two–Class Monocentric City (2003)
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    Notes: This paper performs a comparative static analysis to derive the effect of a change in the wages of the rich living in the suburban area of a city on the welfare of the poor living in the central area of the city. It assumes that commuting cost is a function of distance and wages. A sufficient condition for an increase in the wages of the rich to harm the welfare of the poor is that the time cost of commuting is greater than the operating cost of commuting.
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    Urban Growth in the 1990s: Is City Living Back? (2003)
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    Notes: The 1990s were an unusually good decade for the largest American cities and, in particular, for the cities of the Midwest. However, fundamentally urban growth in the 1990s looked extremely similar to urban growth during prior post–war decades. The growth of cities was determined by three main trends: (1) cities with strong human capital bases grew faster than cities without skills, (2) people moved to warmer, drier places, and (3) cities built around the automobile replaced cities that rely on public transportation. Although the negative impact of population density diminished slightly in the 1990s, there is no real evidence for a return to large, dense cities.
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    The Expected Maximum Distance Objective in Facility Location (2003)
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we introduce a new objective function for the minimax location problem. Every demand point generates demand for service with a given probability (during a given period of time) and the objective is to minimize the expected maximum distance. The planar problem is proven to be convex and thus standard solution techniques such as using the Solver in Excel can be applied for its solution. Properties for the problem on the network are proven and an efficient algorithm proposed for its solution.
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    Microeconomic Formulation and Estimation of a Residential Location Choice Model: Implications for the Value of Time (2003)
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    Notes: Abstract We formulate a microeconomic model of residential location choice behavior as an aggregate of the individual behaviors of household members, subject to individual time constraints and a common income budget. A simplified version of the model is estimated from stated preference rank-order data, yielding a function that may be interpretated as a conditional indirect utility function. We consider Box-Tukey transformations, segmentation by income class, and a consistent treatment of data at different rank depths using the simultaneous mixed-estimation method. Measures of the household's willingness-to-pay (through rents) for reducing travel times to work and study in the short run, are interpreted as subjective values of time and compared with such values derived from mode choice models. Our results are plausible, and consistent with recent findings showing that the short-run benefits of transport projects derived by transport models are larger than benefits measured at the land use system.
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    Force Reduction, Base Closure, and the Indirect Effects of Military Installations on Local Employment Growth (2003)
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This study examines the indirect effects of military installations on county–level private employment, and specifically the special cases of base closure under the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) proceedings of 1988, 1991, 1993, and 1995. Local employment impacts are considered within a partial adjustment construct of the changes model, a specification that facilitates the decomposition of defense personnel changes into their positive, negative, and BRAC–related components. The latter two components are subsequently examined for asymmetric effects attributable to ordinary force drawdown on the one hand, and base closure on the other. Also considered are the specific effects of direct federal assistance as well as facilities conversion and reutilization within BRAC communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9787.00307
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    Validation of Multiclass Urban Travel Forecasting Models Combining Origin–Destination, Mode, and Route Choices (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc
    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The formulation, estimation, and validation of combined models for making detailed urban travel forecasts are described. These models combine origin–destination, mode, and auto route choices into a consistent forecasting method for multiple user classes for the Chicago Region. Household Travel Survey and Census Transportation Planning Package data for 1990, respectively, are used to estimate and validate the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9787.00309
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    Estimates of Income and Income Inequality in the United States and in Each of the Fifty States: 1988–1999 (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc
    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Estimates of income levels and income inequality in the United States in 1988, 1995, and 1999 are presented based on a dataset created by a statistical match of Internal Revenue Service and decennial Census data. In addition, estimates are presented of income levels and income distribution in each of the fifty states of the United States during those same years. Trends in national and regional income inequality and income levels over the period are analyzed also.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9787.00311
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    The Geographic Effects of Trade Liberalization with Increasing Returns in Transportation (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc
    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper develops a model of economic geography that examines how the distribution of economic activity may change as a country opens up to foreign trade. The distinctive features of the model are that transportation is costly between locations within a nation as well as between nations, and that these transportation costs are subject to increasing returns to scale. A result of the model is that trade liberalization may cause the population of a country to become more concentrated in a single megalopolis. The large megalopolis may reduce welfare due to congestion costs, which implies that liberalization may unexpectedly leave the country worse off.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9787.00298
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    Building Spatial Choice Models from Aggregate Data (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Inc
    Journal of regional science 43 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Choice model construction is usually based on information about a number of separate choice situations, for which all relevant quantities are known. This paper concerns the case where only higher level, aggregate information is available about the choice results and the prevailing conditions. We demonstrate the applicability of a generic inverse parameter estimation method in estimating a model for grocery store choice. We also propose some enhancements to standard spatial choice models and demonstrate their applicability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9787.00301
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    Marine birds breeding in Penny Strait and Queens Channel, Nunavut, Canada (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 22 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Surveys of breeding birds on small islands in Penny Strait and Queens Channel, Nunavut Territory, Canada, were conducted in July 2002 and 2003. Approximately 3600 marine birds were observed, with the most common species being Arctic terns (Sterna paradisaea, N=2400) and common eiders (Somateria mollissima borealis, N=620). We observed no Ross's gulls (Rhodostethia rosed) in either year, and we found ivory gulls (Pagophila eburned) only in 2003, even though these species commonly bred here in the 1970s. This previously unsurveyed region supports numerous breeding marine birds, but reproductive success on these small islands may be dependent on annual ice conditions and consequent movements of Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003.tb00121.x
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    Decadal decrease of Antarctic sea ice extent inferred from whaling records revisited on the basis of historical and modern sea ice records (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 22 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: In previous work, whaling catch positions were used as a proxy record for the position of the Antarctic sea ice edge and mean sea ice extent greater than the present one spanning 2.8° latitude was postulated to have occurred in the pre-1950s period, compared to extents observed since 1973 from microwave satellite imagery. The previous conclusion of an extended northern latitude for ice extent in the earlier epoch applied only to the January (mid-summer) period. For this summer period, however, there are also possible differences between ship and satellite-derived measurements. Our work showed a consistent summer offset (November-December), with the ship-observed ice edge 1 - 1.5° north of the satellite-derived ice edge. We further reexamine the use of whale catch as an ice edge proxy where agreement was claimed between the satellite ice edge (1973-1987) and the ship whale catch positions. This examination shows that, while there may be a linear correlation between ice edge position and whale catch data, the slope of the line deviates from unity and the ice edge is also further north in the whale catch data than in the satellite data for most latitudes. We compare the historical (direct) record and modern satellite maps of ice edge position accounting for these differences in ship and satellite observations. This comparison shows that only regional perturbations took place earlier, without significant deviations in the mean ice extents, from the pre-1950s to the post-1970s. This conclusion contradicts that previously stated from the analysis of whale catch data that indicated Antarctic sea ice extent changes were circumpolar rather than regional in nature between the two periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003.tb00091.x
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    Interannual variability of dense shelf water salinities in the north-western Barents Sea (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 22 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The maximum dense shelf water salinity formed during winter in the Svalbard Bank area of the north-western Barents Sea is reconstructed for the period 1952–2000 by analysing the transformation of summer remnants. The variability of 34.7 - 35.4, waters being at the freezing point, is mainly generated by interannual variations in the near surface salinity. On interannual time scales the latter is strongly linked to the sea ice import. In contrast, no correlation of the salinity of the Atlantic Water (AW) throughflow to the Arctic Ocean with the ice import is found. Salinities of both the dense shelf water site in the north-west Barents Sea and the north-eastward AW throughflow show a long term decrease, which can partly be explained by a less saline inflow of AW from the Norwegian Sea. The unusually low dense water salinities in the north-west Barents Sea during the 1990s appear to have a different origin, consistent with a response to oceanic heat advection and decreasing sea ice extent.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003.tb00096.x
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    Sea ice extent and the global climate system (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 22 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003.tb00088.x
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    Variability and climate sensitivity of fast ice extent in the north-eastern Kara Sea (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 22 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: This work investigates the temporal and spatial variation of shore-fast ice extent in the north-eastern part of the Kara Sea during 1953-1990 and its sensitivity to interannual variability of the regional climate. The area of fast ice in spring months shows a bimodal distribution. This indicates the existence of two different regimes of fast ice formation driven by the system of prevailing winds. The westward wind transport during the cold season gives larger fast ice extent while the eastward wind transport suppresses the expansion of fast ice. There is a significant correlation (ca. −0.55) between the average winter temperature and the area of fast ice. Linear trends for time records of shore-fast ice area in spring show a decrease during 1953-1990. This decrease is most pronounced in April: the mean fast ice area in April is 12% lower in 1988-1990 compared to 1953-55. A comparison of fast ice regimes for two particular years–1979 and 1985–revealed a significant influence of cyclone activity on fast ice development over the course of the cold season. It is shown that partial break-ups of fast ice in spring 1985 are associated with the passage of cyclones across the area of fast ice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003.tb00092.x
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    High resolution simulations of Arctic sea ice, 1979–1993 (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 22 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: To evaluate improvements in modelling Arctic sea ice, we compare results from two regional models at 1/12° horizontal resolution. The first is a coupled ice-ocean model of the Arctic Ocean, consisting of an ocean model (adapted from the Parallel Ocean Program, Los Alamos National Laboratory [LANL]) and the “old” sea ice model. The second model uses the same grid but consists of an improved “new” sea ice model (LANL/CICE) with a simple ocean mixed layer. Both models are forced with European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data for 1979–1993. A comparison of the two sea ice models focuses on the winter of 1987 to emphasize the internal ice stress and to minimize biases towards a particular Arctic climate regime. The “new” sea ice model gives improved ice deformation and drift fields. These improvements are associated at least in part with the multi-category representation of the ice thickness distribution and more realistic parameterization of the ice strength. Long, narrow features in ice divergence and shear fields resemble those observed in SAR imagery, except that their average width is overestimated, possibly due to insufficient horizontal resolution. We also compare the mean sea ice drift and its decadal variability in two “old” sea ice models at different horizontal resolutions: 18-km and 9-km. We find no significant change in ice drift between the two models, except in areas of significant ice-ocean interactions due to more realistic ocean currents and water mass properties in the 9-km model.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003.tb00097.x
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    Variability of the ice export through Fram Strait in 1993–98: the winter 1994/95 anomaly (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 22 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The origin of the large positive anomaly of the Fram Strait sea ice export which occurred in winter 1994/95 is analysed on the basis of a model simulation of the Arctic sea ice cover over the period 1993-98. The overall intra-annual and interannual variability in the model is in good agreement with observational estimates and the 1994/95 anomaly is well reproduced with an amplitude amounting to half of the mean winter value. Model results suggest that, concomitant to anomalous export velocities, larger than usual ice thickness in the strait contributes to the outstanding amplitude of the anomaly. Analysis on the ice thickness evolution in the strait indicates that the thick ice advected in Fram Strait at the end of the fall of 1994 originates in the anomalous cyclonic wind stress which prevailed during the preceding summer. This anomalous wind stress resulted in persistent convergence of the ice flow against the northern coasts of Canada and Greenland and in the formation of a large thickness anomaly north of Greenland. The anomaly then feeds the Fram Strait ice flow during those following winter months when the local wind forcing in the strait favours ice drift from the north-west. Our results suggest that short-term wind stress variations resulting in local thickness changes to the north of Fram Strait can lead to substantial variability of the Fram Strait ice export.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003.tb00101.x
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    April sea ice extent in the Barents Sea, 1850–2001 (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 22 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Three observational data sets are used to construct a continuous record (1850-2001) of April ice edge position in the Barents Sea: two sets of Norwegian ice charts (one from 1850 to 1949 and the other from 1966 to 2001) and Soviet aircraft reconnaissance ice extent charts from 1950 to 1966. The 152-year April ice extent series is subdivided into three sub-periods: 1850-1899, 1900-1949 and 1950-2001. For each of these study sub-periods, a mean April ice edge and a set of anomalies (differences in position between a given April and the mean April ice edge) are computed. The calculations show the mean ice edge position retreated north-eastward over the 152-year period, with the greater retreat seen in the changes from the 1850-1899 sub-period to the 1900-1949 sub-period. The distribution of the standard deviation of the ice edge anomaly over the linear distance along the mean ice edge shows no substantial difference between any of the three periods of the study. Within each study period, the maximum variation is observed in the sector bounded by the 25°E and 49° E meridians, which covers the main pathway of the warmer water flow from the Norwegian Sea.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003.tb00089.x
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    OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE FOR COST EFFECTIVE BMP PLACEMENT AT A WATERSHED SCALE (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A combinatorial optimization procedure for best management practice (BMP) placement at the watershed level facilitates selection of cost effective BMP scenarios to control non point source (NFS) pollution. A genetic algorithm (GA) was selected from among several optimization heuristics. The GA combines an optimization component written in the C++ language with spatially variable NFS pollution prediction and economic analysis components written within the Arc View geographic information system. The procedure is modular in design, allowing for component modifications while maintaining the basic conceptual framework. An objective function was developed to lexicographically optimize pollution reduction followed by cost increase. Scenario cost effectiveness is then calculated for scenario comparisons. The NPS pollutant fitness score allows for evaluation of multiple pollutants, based on prioritization of each pollutant. The economic component considers farm level public and private costs, cost distribution, and land area requirements. Development of a sediment transport function, used with the Universal Soil Loss Equation, allows the optimization procedure to run within a reasonable timeframe. The procedure identifies multiple near optimal solutions, providing an indication of which fields have a more critical impact on overall cost effectiveness and flexibility in the final solution selected for implementation. The procedure was demonstrated for a 1,014-ha watershed in the Ridge and Valley physiographic region of Virginia.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04421.x
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    MARSH DEVELOPMENT AT RESTORATION SITES ON THE WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE RESERVATION, ARIZONA (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : To prioritize sites for riparian restoration, resource managers need to understand how recovery processes vary within landscapes. Complex relationships between watershed conditions and riparian development make it difficult to predict the outcomes of restoration treatments in the semiarid Southwest. Large floods in 1993 scoured riparian areas in the Carrizo watershed on the White Mountain Apache Reservation in east-central Arizona. We evaluated recovery at three of these sites using repeated photographs and measurements of channel cross sections and stream-side vegetation along permanent transects. The sites were mapped as lying on the same soil type, had similar streamside vegetative communities, and were similarly treated through livestock exclusion and supplemental seeding. However, the sites and individual reaches within the sites followed strikingly different development paths. Dramatic recovery occurred at a perennial reach where cover of emergent wetland plants increased from 4.7 percent (standard error = 0.8 percent) in October 1995 to 55.5 percent (standard error = 2.7 percent) in September 2001. At several other reaches, geologic and hydro geomorphic characteristics of the sites limited inputs of fine sediment or surface water, resulting in modest or negligible increases in emergent cover. Recovery efforts for highly valued marshlands in this region should prioritize perennial reaches in low gradient valleys where salty sediments are abundant.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04422.x
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    USE OF ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILERS TO DESCRIBE VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS AT THE REACH SCALE (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Research has demonstrated the utility of metrics based on spatial velocity gradients to characterize and describe stream habitat, with higher mean spatial gradients indicative of higher levels of physical heterogeneity and thus habitat quality. However, detailed description of the velocity field that is needed to compute these metrics is difficult to obtain. Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) may be used to rapidly collect detailed representations of river depth and velocity fields in rivers deeper than 1 m. Such data were collected in March 2000 from cross sections of the Little Tallahatchie River, Mississippi, representing three distinct habitat types (naturally sinuous, channelized, and abandoned channel). These datasets were used to compute component velocities, vorticity, and area weighted mean vorticity (circulation). Velocities and circulation were highest in the meander, lowest in the abandoned channel, and intermediate in the channelized reach. Secondary flow, expressed as the average magnitude of the lateral (transverse) velocity divided by the total velocity, was significantly higher in the meander. The sinuous natural channel and abandoned channel displayed distinctive spatial patterns, with regions of depressed velocity consistently occurring near banks. ADCPs hold great potential as tools for the study of riverine ecosystems, but data reduction is difficult using existing software.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04426.x
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    MASS LOAD ESTIMATION ERRORS UTILIZING GRAB SAMPLING STRATEGIES IN A KARST WATERSHED (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Developing a mass load estimation method appropriate for a given stream and constituent is difficult due to inconsistencies in hydrologic and constituent characteristics. The difficulty may be increased in flashy flow conditions such as karst. Many projects undertaken are constrained by budget and manpower and do not have the luxury of sophisticated sampling strategies. The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine two grab sampling strategies with varying sampling intervals and determine the error in mass load estimates, and (2) determine the error that can be expected when a grab sample is collected at a time of day when the diurnal variation is most divergent from the daily mean. Results show grab sampling with continuous flow to be a viable data collection method for estimating mass load in the study watershed. Comparing weekly, biweekly, and monthly grab sampling, monthly sampling produces the best results with this method. However, the time of day the sample is collected is important. Failure to account for diurnal variability when collecting a grab sample may produce unacceptable error in mass load estimates. The best time to collect a sample is when the diurnal cycle is nearest the daily mean.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04423.x
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    HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF FLOODING DAMAGE ON A USA/QUEBEC RIVER BASIN (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : There is a general belief in the public eye that extreme events such as floods are becoming more and more common. This paper explores this hypothesis by examining the historical evolution of annual expected flooding damage on the Chateauguay River Basin, located at the border between the United States and the province of Quebec, Canada. A database of basin land use was constructed for the years 1930 and 1995 to assess anthropogenic changes and their impact on the basin's hydrology. The progressive modification of the likelihood of a flooding event over the same period was then investigated using homogeneity and statistical tests on available hydrometric data. The evolution of the annual expected flooding damage was then evaluated using a coupled hydrologic/hydraulic simulator linked to a damage analysis model. The simulator and model were used to estimate flooding damage over a wide range of flooding return periods, for conditions prevailing in 1963 and 1995. Results of the analysis reveal the absence of any increasing or decreasing trend in the historical occurrence of flooding events. However, a general increase in the annual expected flooding damage was observed for all studied river sections. This increase is linked to an historical increase in damages for a given flooding event, and is the result of unbridled construction and development within the flood zone. To assess for future trends, this study also examined the potential impacts linked to the anticipated global warming. Results indicate that a significant increase in seasonal flooding events and annual expected flooding damage is possible over the next century. In fact, what is now considered a 100-year flooding event for the summer/fall season could become a ten-year event by the end of this century. This shows that potential future impacts linked to climate change should be considered now by engineers, land planners, and decision makers. This is especially critical if a design return period is part of the decision making process.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04425.x
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    IMPACTS OF CALIFORNIA'S CLIMATIC REGIMES AND COASTAL LAND USE CHANGE ON STREAMFLOW CHARACTERISTICS (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : To investigate the impacts of urbanization and climatic fluctuations on stream flow magnitude and variability in a Mediterranean climate, the HEC-HMS rainfall/runoff model is used to simulate stream flow for a 14-year period (October 1, 1988, to September 30, 2002) in the Atascadero Creek watershed located along the southern coast of California for 1929, 1998, and 2050 (estimated) land use conditions (8, 38 and 52 percent urban, respectively). The 14-year period experienced a range of climatic conditions caused mainly by El Nino-Southern Oscillation variations. A geographic information system is used to delineate the watershed and parameterize the model, which is calibrated using data from two stream flow and eight rainfall gauges. Urbanization is shown to increase peak discharges and runoff volume while decreasing stream flow variability. In all cases, the annual and 14-year distributions of stream flow are shown to be highly skewed, with the annual maximum 24 hours of discharge accounting for 22 to 52 percent of the annual runoff and the maximum ten days of discharge from an average El Nino year producing 10 to 15 percent of the total 14-year discharge. For the entire period of urbanization (1929 to 2050), the average increase in annual maximum discharges and runoff was 45 m3/s (300 percent) and 15 cm (350 percent), respectively. Additionally, the projected increase in urbanization from 1998 to 2050 is half the increase from 1929 to 1998; however, increases in runoff (22 m3/s and 7 cm) are similar for both scenarios because of the region's spatial development pattern.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04428.x
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    REPLY TO DISCUSSION by Carl W. Chen (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04440.x
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    ERRATA (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04442.x
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    SETTING AN EFFECTIVE TMDL: SEDIMENT LOADING AND EFFECTS OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT ON FISR (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport model was used to examine the relationship between fish and suspended sediment in the context of a proposed total maximum daily load (TMDL) in two agricultural watersheds in Minnesota. During a 50-year simulation, Wells Creek, a third-order cold water stream, had an estimated 1,164 events (i.e., one or more consecutive days of estimated sediment loading) and the Chippewa River, a fourth-order warm water stream, had 906 events of measurable suspended sediment. Sublethal thresholds were exceeded for 970 events and lethal levels for 194 events for brown trout in Wells Creek, whereas adult nonsalmonids would have experienced sublethal levels for 923 events and lethal levels for 241 events. Sublethal levels were exceeded for 756 events and lethal thresholds were exceeded for 150 events in the Chippewa River. Nonsalmonids would have experienced 15 events of mortality between 0 and 20 percent in Wells Creek. In the Chippewa River, there were 35 events of mortality between 0 and 20 percent and one event in which mortality could have exceeded 20 percent. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency has proposed listing stream reaches as being impaired for turbidity at 25 NTU, which is approximately 46 mg suspended sediment/1. We estimated that 46 mg/1 would be exceeded approximately 30 days in a year (d/yr) in both systems. A TMDL of 46 mg SS/1 may be too high to ensure that stream fishes are not negatively affected by suspended sediment. We recommend that an indicator incorporating the duration of exposure be applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03688.x
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    IDENTIFYING DISCHARGE ZONES OF ARSENIC IN THE GOOSE RIVER BASIN, MAINE (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Water balance modeling and the analysis of stable water isotopes in ground water were conducted to aid the location of ground water discharge areas within the Goose River basin, in mid-coastal Maine. Previous investigations of drinking water from wells in the fractured crystalline bedrock encountered persistent elevated total arsenic. Such contamination may be related to discharging ground water from fractured zones in the basin. Modeled discharge rates greater than +10 cm/yr and 18O values lighter than-9.5 per mil VSMOW may indicate recent recharge is mixing with deeper ground water and is focused along some fractured zones in arsenic bearing crystalline rocks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03693.x
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  • 97
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    EDWARDS AQUIFER EVALUATION: KINNEY COUNTY, TEXAS (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The Edwards Aquifer is one of the most studied and most prolific aquifers in the United States. The aquifer is a heavily fractured and faulted carbonate aquifer with transmissivities in excess of 100 ft2/s. The City of San Antonio relies upon the Edwards Aquifer as its sole source for water. Much work has been done on quantifying recharge to the aquifer and discharge from wells and acquiring aquifer characteristics from pumping tests, specific capacity tests, and geophysical logs. Although the aquifer has been well studied in Bexar County, much less is known about the Edwards Aquifer in Kinney County. This is partly due to the lower population within the county (approximately 3,500 people) relative to the eastern counties (Uvalde, Medina, Bexar, Comal, and Hays) and the great distance of Kinney County from high profile discharge areas such as the City of San Antonio and Comal and San Marcos Springs. Three key products resulted from this study: (1) exploratory well drilling and the largest aquifer test in the county that were conducted to evaluate the well yields within a 10,000 acre study area in which a drawdown of 2.5 ft approximately 1.2 miles away was observed while pumping at approximately 4,600 gpm; (2) a recharge estimate for the Edwards Aquifer within Kinney County of approximately 71,382 ac-ft/yr; and (3) locating the Brackettville Groundwater Divide from an evaluation of ground water flow direction and hydrograph analysis. These results help evaluate the complex hydraulics occurring within Kinney County and aid in development of ground water modeling that will be used in managing the Edwards Aquifer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03695.x
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  • 98
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    A SUCCESSFUL WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAM IN A SEMIARID REGION OF NEBRASKA (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Ground water irrigation pumpage of the High Plains Aquifer is controlled at the state level in Texas and Oklahoma but at the regional level in Kansas and Nebraska. Critical declines in the aquifer that threatened the reliability of local public water supply wells prompted Nebraska's Upper Republican Natural Resources District (URNRD) to mandate water restrictions in 1978. Under current regulations, irrigators may not extract more than 1,842 millimeters of water per certified hectare (ha) in any five-year period. Meter monitoring ensures that irrigators comply with restrictions. Farmers now incorporate irrigation scheduling into their cropping practices in order to meet URNRD controls. This study examines whether irrigators are using ground water efficiently while complying with pumpage limits. Crop irrigation requirements (CIR) from 1986 to 1999 were derived from a water balance approach incorporating Penman-Monteith evapotranspira-tion (ET) calculations from weather data supplied by the High Plains Climate Center automated weather station network. A ratio of average water pumped per well to the CIR was developed to verify irrigation efficiency. Results indicate that irrigation applications were less than CIR during most irrigation seasons. Irrigation efficiency increases can be attributed to crop rotations, favorable growing season precipitation, use of ET estimates to schedule irrigation, and water allocations limited to less than all certified hectares.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03694.x
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  • 99
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    CONFLICT AND COOPERATION OVER INTERNATIONAL FRESHWATER RESOURCES: INDICATORS OF BASINS AT RISR (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : In this paper we seek to identify historical indicators of international freshwater conflict and cooperation and to create a framework to identify and evaluate international river basins at potential risk for future conflict. We derived biophysical, socioeco-nomic, and geopolitical variables at multiple spatial and temporal scales from GIS datasets of international basins and associated countries, and we tested these variables against a database of historical incidents of international water related cooperation and conflict from 1948 to 1999. International relations over freshwater resources were overwhelmingly cooperative and covered a wide range of issues, including water quantity, water quality, joint management, and hydropower. Conflictive relations tended to center on quantity and infrastructure. No single indicator—including climate, water stress, government type, and dependence on water for agriculture or energy—explained conflict/cooperation over water. Even indicators showing a significant correlation with water conflict, such as high population density, low per capita GDP, and overall unfriendly international relations, explained only a small percentage of data variability. The most promising sets of indicators for water conflict were those associated with rapid or extreme physical or institutional change within a basin (e.g., large dams or internationalization of a basin) and the key role of institutional mechanisms, such as freshwater treaties, in mitigating such conflict.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03696.x
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  • 100
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    THE USE OF BINARY OPTIMIZATION AND HYDROLOGIC MODELS TO FORM RIPARIAN BUFFERS (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Riparian buffers are considered important management options for protecting water quality. Land costs and buffer performance, which are functions of local environmental characteristics, are likely to be key attributes in the selection process, especially when budgets are limited. In this article we demonstrate how a framework involving hydrologic models and binary optimization can be used to find the optimal buffer subject to a budget constraint. Two hydrologic models, SWAT and REMM, were used to predict the loads from different source areas with and without riparian buffers. These loads provided inputs for a binary optimization model to select the most cost efficient parcels to form a riparian buffer. This methodology was applied in a watershed in Delaware County, New York. The models were parameterized using readily available digital databases and were later compared against observed flow and water quality data available for the site. As a result of the application of this method, the marginal utility of incremental increases in buffer widths along the stream channel and the set of parcels to form the best affordable riparian buffer were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03700.x
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