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  • 1
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    Infrared scanning radiometer (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: The Apollo 17 infrared scanning radiometer (ISR) experiment for mapping lunar surface thermal emission is reported. The instrument, lunar surface coverage, and the data obtained are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 2
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    Lunar atmospheric composition experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: On the Apollo 17 mission, a miniature mass spectrometer, called the lunar atmospheric composition experiment (LACE), was carried to the moon as part of the Apollo lunar surface experiments package (ALSEP) to study the composition of and variation in the lunar atmosphere. The instrument was successfully deployed in the Taurus-Littrow valley with its entrance aperture oriented upward to intercept and measure the downward flux of gases at the lunar surface. Initial activation of the LACE instrument occurred on December 27, 1972, approximately 50 hr after sunset, and operation continued throughout the first lunar night. Sunrise brought a high background gas level and necessitated discontinuing operation during lunar daytime except for a brief check near noon. Near sunset, operation was resumed and continued throughout the night. This sequence was repeated for the second and third lunations.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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  • 3
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    Atmospheric electricity (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-02
    Beschreibung: Atmospheric electricity must be considered in the design, transportation, and operation of aerospace vehicles. The effect of the atmosphere as an insulator and conductor of high voltage electricity, at various atmospheric pressures, must also be considered. The vehicle can be protected as follows: (1) By insuring that all metallic sections are connected by electrical bonding so that the current flow from a lightning stroke is conducted over the skin without any gaps where sparking would occur or current would be carried inside; (2) by protecting buildings and other structures on the ground with a system of lightning rods and wires over the outside to carry the lightning stroke into the ground; (3) by providing a zone of protection for launch complexes; (4) by providing protection devices in critical circuits; (5) by using systems which have no single failure mode; and (6) by appropriate shielding of units sensitive to electromagnetic radiation.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Terrest. Environ. (Climatic) Criteria Guidelines for Use in Aerospace Vehicle Develop., 1973 Rev.; 28 p
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  • 4
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    Atmospheric attenuation relative to earth-viewing orbital sensors (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-02
    Beschreibung: Earth viewing space missions offer exciting new possibilities in several earth resources disciplines - geography, hydrology, agriculture, geology, and oceanography, to name a few. A most useful tool in planning experiments and applying space technology to earth observation is a statistical description of atmospheric parameters. Four dimensional atmospheric models and a world wide cloud model are used to produce atmospheric attenuation models to predict degradation effects for all classes of sensors for application to earth sensing experiments from spaceborne platforms. To insure maximum utility and application of these products, the development of an interaction model of microwave energy and atmospheric variables provides a complete description of the effects of atmospheric moisture upon microwaves.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Terrest. Environ. (Climatic) Criteria Guidelines for Use in Aerospace Vehicle Develop., 1973 Rev.; 21 p
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  • 5
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    The origin of intermediate and deep focus earthquakes (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: An elastic plate model is used to describe the origin of intermediate and deep earthquakes. It is shown that the earth is covered by about eight tectonic plates that have relative motions; along plate boundary lines, one plate thrusting under the other, causes deflection and buckling of the elastic plate structure in regions of maximum curvature that may trigger earthquakes.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 220-223
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  • 6
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    Polar motion (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: Tracking of the Beacon Explorer-C satellite by a precision laser system was used to measure the polar motion and solid earth tide. The tidal perturbation of satellite latitude is plotted as variation in maximum latitude in seconds of arc on earth's surface as a function of the date, and polar motion is shown by plotting the variation in latitude of the laser in seconds of arc along the earth's surface as a function of date
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 216-219
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  • 7
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    A detailed gravimetric geoid of North America, the North Atlantic, Eurasia, and Australia (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: A computer program was developed for the calculation of a goid based upon a combination of satellite and surface gravity data. A detailed gravimetric geoid of North America, the North Atlantic, Eurasia, and Australia was derived by using this program.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 212-215
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  • 8
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    Earth physics, overview (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: Satellite applications in earth and ocean dynamic studies are considered for: earthquake hazard assessment and alleviation; prediction of general ocean circulation, surface currents, and heat transport; monitoring of transient phenomena of the ocean surface, such as sea state and wave conditions, wind-surface interactions and storm searches; and refinement of the global geoid, the gravity and magnetic fields of the earth.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 211
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  • 9
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    Tides in the upper atmosphere: A controversy resolved? (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: Diurnal temperature variations in the upper atmosphere are caused by heating resulting from the absorption of solar energy by ozone near the stratopause and by water vapor in the troposphere. Theoretical temperature variations given as a function of time and height show a discrepancy for the maximum temperature variation. A comprehensive set of acoustic grande soundings establish phase changes with altitude in agreement with the theory although times of maximum and minimum are not aligned at all altitudes.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 205-208
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  • 10
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    Effects of the atmosphere on ERTS observations (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: Atmospheric radiation models and methods of computing radiation effects are reported that are important both in the meteorological and Earth Resources Satellite programs. Results of using them to compute the atmospheric effects on just the ERTS observations are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 193-195
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  • 11
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    Satellite observations during the rapid intensification of hurricane Camille (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: Medium resolution infrared radiometer observations at the 6.7 micrometer and the 11 micrometer regions by satellite during the maximum intensification phase of hurricane Camille show increasing black body temperatures near the center. This is attributed to increased upward vertical motion in the interior of the cyclone, which is an indication of rapid intensification.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 196-200
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  • 12
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    Oceanic turbidity and chlorophyll as inferred from ERTS-1 observations (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: Spectral signatures of phytoplankton and other obscuring effects are considered in order to determine how to best use satellite data. The results of this study were then used to analyze the spectral data obtained from the ERTS-1 multispectral scanner (MSS). The analyzed satellite data were finally compared with surface ship measurements of chlorophyll concentration. It was found that the effects of water turbidity on the multispectral imagery can be discriminated by rationing the two shortest wavelength channels so that the effect of phytoplankton is enhanced.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 190-192
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  • 13
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    Remote sensing of sea ice motion (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: Remote sensing by ERTS-1 provides overlapping coverage on sequential days of dynamic changes in Arctic Sea ice and allows for route planning of shipping in the polar region.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 182-186
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  • 14
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    Polar mapping with ERTS-1 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: The applicability of multispectral ERTS-1 imagery to polar ice detection, local current effects, map corrections, relative lake depth measurements, and estimates of ice breakup is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 178-181
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  • 15
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    Earth observations, overview (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-26
    Beschreibung: An overview is given of research and development activities at the Laboratory for Meteorology and Earth Sciences. Highlights of satellite techniques in earth observation missions and projects are outlined, as are remote sensing methods by aircraft overflights; most noteworthy among these is the development of multispectral scanners that monitor both the reflected infrared solar radiation and the emitted terrestrial radiation. The application of observations to the survey of environmental conditions and resource management is emphasized.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 161-177
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  • 16
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    Magnetospheric current sheets (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A review is presented of theories and observations of current sheets in the magnetosphere, emphasizing the magnetopause and tail current sheets. Theoretical models of the magnetopause current sheet can be divided into two types: specular reflection and fluid models containing no external magnetic field, and models with an interplanetary/magnetosheath magnetic field. Our understanding of the first type is much better than of the second, although magnetospheric observations indicate that the external magnetic field plays an important role. Most of the theoretical models of the tail current sheet attempt to arrive at an understanding of the reconnection process or start with the assumption that reconnection is important. Observations are reviewed and implications for the models are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 17
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    Deformation and instability of underthrusting lithospheric plates (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 18
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    The effect of thermal stratification and evaporation on geostrophic drag coefficient in the atmospheric boundary layer (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: It is shown that the fields of velocity, eddy viscosity, potential temperature, and specific humidity in a planetary boundary layer are decoupled by the introduction of a free parameter, Q, which combines the effects of thermal and humidity stratification. Solutions of the whole system are shown to be obtainable by the method of trial and error on Q. Results show good agreement when both the thermal and humidity stratification are accounted for.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Monthly Weather Review; 101; Aug. 197
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  • 19
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    Magnetospheric field morphology at magnetically quiet times (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Review of the magnetospheric morphology, using the method of the Delta B topology, where Delta B is the difference between the observed and a reference field. It is confirmed that Delta B continuously decreases inward to close distances from the earth at all local times. Extrapolating the statistical relation between Dst at the ground and the equatorial Delta B obtained from OGO-5 near perigee, it is shown that Dst is 54 gammas, when Delta B is zero at approximately 2 to 3 earth radii. Conversely, for a magnetically quiet condition as defined by Dst = 0, the average equatorial Delta B at these distances is -45 gammas. These results demonstrate the significance of the effects of the magnetospheric equatorial current that exists even at quiet times. A preliminary study of inclination shows that the field lines on the dusk side are more stretched out than on the dawn side. A comparison of declination on both sides indicates that the bending of the field lines toward the tail is greater near dusk than near dawn. These results suggest an appreciable dawn-dusk asymmetry in the configuration of the inner magnetospheric field.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 20
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    Density and temperature distributions in non-uniform rotating planetary exospheres with applications to earth (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Planetary and Space Science; 21; Dec. 197
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  • 21
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    A study of the electric field in an open magnetospheric model (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Recently, Svalgaard and Heppner reported two separate features of the polar electromagnetic field that correlate with the dawn-dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field. This work attempts to explain these findings in terms of properties of the open magnetosphere. The topology and qualitative properties of the open magnetosphere are first studied by means of a simple model, consisting of a dipole in a constant field. Many such properties are found to depend on the separation line, a curve connecting neutral points and separating different field line regimes. In the simple model it turns out that the electric field in the central polar cap tends to point from dawn to dusk for a wide variety of external fields, but, near the boundary of the polar cap, electric equipotentials are deformed into crescents.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Nov. 1
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  • 22
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    Band absorption in nonhomogeneous, isotropically-scattering planetary atmospheres - Theory and experiment (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A computer program is developed which predicts the vertical distribution of an absorbing species in an isotropically-scattering, finite planetary atmosphere from measurements of the upwelling band radiance determined by a vertically traversing 2-channel radiometer. Comparison is made with experiment.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer; 13; Dec. 197
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  • 23
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    First measurements of electron temperature in the D region with a symmetric double probe (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Measurement of the altitude profile of electron temperature in the ionospheric D region with the aid of a symmetric double probe flown on a Nike-Cajun payload launched on Oct. 13, 1971. The procedure for determining the electron temperature from the parameters of the double probe's current-voltage characteristic under conditions of nonnegligible ion-atom collision frequencies is described. It is shown that in its first lower ionospheric application the technique of the symmetric double probe has yielded the lowest values of electron temperature yet measured and has provided the very first direct measurement of electron temperature in the D region.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Nov. 1
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  • 24
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    Theory of the phase anomaly in the thermosphere (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Discussion of the temperature-density phase anomaly on the basis of a quasi-three-dimensional model in which the thermosphere dynamics associated with wind circulation is considered in a self-consistent form. Included in this analysis are the first three harmonics, which involve nonlinear coupling between diurnal and semidiurnal tides. It is shown that the phase anomaly with exospheric temperature peaks near 1600 LT and mass density peaks between 1400 and 1445 LT can be reproduced in a self-consistent theory without invoking ad hoc assumptions and boundary conditions that would mask the physical processes to be explored. A number of factors and processes are found to contribute to the phase anomaly, including the semidiurnal and particularly the terdiurnal components, heat advection, diffusion, and energy coupling with the lower atmosphere.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Nov. 1
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  • 25
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    Physics of planetary ionospheres (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The fundamental physical and chemical processes in an idealized planetary ionosphere are considered as a general abstraction, with actual planetary ionospheres representing special cases. After describing the structure of the neutral atmospheres (the barosphere, the thermosphere, and the exosphere) and noting the principal ionizing radiations responsible for the formation of planetary ionospheres, a detailed study is made of the thermal structure of these ionospheres and of the chemical processes and plasma-transport processes occurring in them. The features of equilibrium and realistic models of planetary ionospheres are discussed, and an attempt is made to determine the extent of these ionospheres. Considering the ionosphere as a plasma, a plasma kinetic approach is developed for determining the effects of interactions between individual particles and waves in this plasma. The use of remote-sensing radio techniques and direct measurement or in situ techniques is discussed. Finally, the observed properties of the ionospheres of the Earth, Mars, Venus, and Jupiter are reviewed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 26
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    High latitude electric fields and the modulations related to interplanetary magnetic field parameters (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The meaning and characteristics of basic and average convection (i.e., electric field) patterns are described. The continuous existence of the basic convection pattern argues against treating magnetic field merging mechanisms as the fundamental cause of magnetospheric convection. However, whether related to merging or to some other mechanism, interplanetary magnetic field conditions significantly modulate the distribution, magnitudes, and boundaries of the convection pattern. A previous correlation between azimuthal angles of the interplanetary magnetic field and asymmetries in polar cap electric field distributions as seen by OGO-6 is reviewed. A new approach is taken to reveal correlations with the north-south angle and magnitude of the interplanetary field as well as additional features which correlate with the azimuthal angle. Both significant correlations and conditions which show a lack of correlation are found. Several aspects of the correlations appear to be particularly important.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 27
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    Observations from space of the solar corona/inner zodiacal light (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Observations, from the Apollo 16 Spacecraft, in lunar orbit, of the total radiance of the K + F corona, from 3 to 55 solar radii are presented and discussed. The logarithmic slope of the K + F coronal radiance, at distances greater than 20 solar radii, is found to be n equals 1.93, slightly less steep than previous determinations. The photometric axis of the radiance is found to be displaced 3 plus or minus 1 deg north of the ecliptic, at distances greater than 20 solar radii, and this displacement is interpreted as an annual variation due to non-coincidence of the ecliptic and the symmetry axis of the zodiacal cloud.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Planetary and Space Science; 21; Dec. 197
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  • 28
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    Magnetic hysteresis in natural materials (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Magnetic hysteresis loops and the derived hysteresis ratios R sub H and R sub I are used to classify the various natural dilute magnetic materials. R sub I is the ratio of saturation isothermal remanence (I sub R) to saturation (I sub S) magnetization, and R sub H is the ratio of remanent coercive force (H sub R) to coercive force (H sub C). The R sub H and R sub I values depend on grain size, the characteristics of separate size modes in mixtures of grains of high and low coercivity, and the packing characteristics. Both R sub H and R sub I are affected by thermochemical alterations of the ferromagnetic fraction. Hysteresis loop constriction is observed in lunar samples, chondrite meteorites, and thermochemically altered basaltic rocks, and is due to mixtures of components of high and low coercivity. Discrete ranges of R sub H and R sub I for terrestrial and lunar samples and for chondrite meteorites provide for a classification of these natural materials based on their hysteresis properties.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 20; 1, Se; Sept
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  • 29
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    GRM - Observing the terrestrial gravity and magnetic fields in the 1990's (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: NASA is proposing to launch a new geopotential fields exploration system called the Geopotential Research Mission (GRM). Two spacecraft will be placed in a circular polar orbit at 160 km altitude. Distances between these satellites will vary from 100 to 600 km. Both scalar and vector magnetic fields will be measured by magnetometers mounted on a boom positioned in the forward direction on the lead satellite. Gravity data will be computed from the measured change in distance between the two spacecraft. This quantity, called the range-rate, will be determined from the varying frequency (Doppler shift) between transmitter and receiver on each satellite. Expected accuracies (at the one-sigma level) are: gravity field, 1.0 milliGal, 5 cm geoid height; magnetics, scalar field 2 nT, vector to 20 arcsec, both resolved to less than 100 km. With these more accurate and higher resolution data, it will be possible to investigate the earth's structure from the crust (with the shorter wavelength gravity and magnetic anomalies) through the mantle (from the intermediate wavelength gravity field) and into the core (using the longer wavelength gravity and magnetic fields).
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: EOS (ISSN 0096-3941); 64; 609-611
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  • 30
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    Measurements of stratospheric SO2 after the EL Chichon eruptions (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Samples of stratospheric trace gases were obtained on eight flights of NASA high-altitude aircraft from April 16 through December 13, 1982. The sampling occurred at altitudes from 15 to 22 km, latitudes from 23 to 52 deg N, and longitudes from 108 to 130 deg W. The cryogenically concentrated samples were analyzed by gas chromatography for SO2, a primary precursor of the gas-to-particle conversion process. The measured mixing ratio of SO2 varied between 8 and 132 pptv. Evidence from aerosol measurements indicates that a few of our early samples may have been collected in the fringes of the volcanic cloud from El Chichon. Samples obtained on some later flights may have been from the eruption cloud but were taken at times when most of the volcanically injected SO2 should have been converted to H2SO4.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 1045-104
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    Effect of the eruption of El Chichon stratospheric aerosol size and composition (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Dominant effects of the El Chichon eruption on stratospheric aerosols at 19.8 to 20.7 km are: (1) vapor depositional growth of the small-aerosol (background) mode; (2) development of a large-particle mode by sedimentation from the highest altitudes in the cloud; (3) a change in the large-particle mode from sulfate-coated silicates to sulfate aerosols, some with silicate cores; (4) a 100-fold increase in sulfate mass in the large particle mode. Terminal velocities of large silicate particles, maximum r = 2.3 micron, sampled 1 month after eruption, and calibrated with the aid of lidar data, indicate initial injection to 26 to 27 km. Smaller velocities of sulfate aerosols, median r = 0.5 micron, are compatible with major growth in 2 to 3 months at 27 to 28 km. Aerosol settling accounts for the descent of the main lidar return to 26.5 km in August and to 20 to 21 km in December.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 1021-102
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    Possible effects of the El Chichon volcanic cloud on the radiation budget of the northern tropics (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A series of calculations with a one-dimensional, time-marching, radiative-convective model are performed to assess the impact of the El Chichon volcanic cloud on the radiation budget of the northern tropics during the 6-month period following the injection of volcanic material into the stratosphere. Extensive measurement of the cloud obtained from airborne, spacecraft, and ground platforms were used to define the model parameters and to test the predictions of the model. The El Chichon cloud is predicted to have caused an increase in planetary albedo of 10 percent, a decrease in total solar radiation of 2-3 percent at the ground on cloudless days, and an increase in temperature of 3.5 K at the 24-km (30-mb) level. These predictions are compatible with relevant observations, within their respective error bars.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 1057-106
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  • 33
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    A revised thermospheric model based on mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter data - MSIS-83 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: It is noted that the model presented here extends the previous description of neutral parameters to the base of the thermosphere in a continuous manner while maintaining the basic structure of the MSIS model at higher altitudes. As the altitude decreases, the composition approaches lower atmosphere values, whereas yearly, and to a lesser extent daily, variations in temperature and density are in reasonable agreement with earlier results for the lower thermosphere. An alternate description is given of magnetic storm variations on the basis of the three hour ap indices and an 8- to 10-hour exponential decay in thermospheric density and temperature response after a heating event. Additional coefficients are included for the time independent and magnetic activity terms, among them a longitudinally dependent seasonal magnetic activity effect. The description of molecular oxygen derives from mass spectrometer and EUV absorption measurements rather than ion chemistry.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10170-10
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  • 34
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    Response of the mobile VLBI design to error sources (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The response of Mobile VLBI design to error sources is addressed. The sensitivity of the hydrogen maser to variations in ambient temperature is discussed, with an example of drifts in the frequency system causing excursions in the time-delay observable exceeding + or - 200 cm. It is shown that baselines determined only from S-band data can contain errors in excess of 30 cm during periods of high ionospheric activity. The effect of the troposphere on baseline solutions is examined by comparing calibrations from the Water Vapor Radiometer (WVR) to those from a surface model. The apparent ability of the WVR to track relatively short-period fluctuations in water vapor is noted. Finally, consideration is given to the effects of source structure and the technique of monitoring closure of the time-delay observable around a closed figure of baselines.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 35
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    Stratospheric condensation nuclei and possible solar influences (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Balloon-borne measurements of condensation nuclei and H2SO4 molecules in large negative ion clusters have been made in the stratosphere at around 30 km altitude. The nuclei observed were in the 0.01-0.1 micron diameter range. Consideration was given to sunspot activity as a triggering event for ionization of upper atmospheric H2SO4 species and subsequent formation of the nuclei. A numerical model was defined for a steady state between the H2SO4 association and ion recombination in order to determine a critical nucleation rate. It is concluded that condensation nuclei are produced in ion nucleation in an H2SO4 supersaturated polar cloud chamber, with the process being initiated by solar flare particle ionization.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 36
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    A study of solar activity-ozone relationship from Nimbus-4 BUV data (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The total O3 and the O3 mixing ratio at various pressure levels in the stratosphere measured from the Nimbus-4 BUV experiment over a 7-yr period (1970 to 1977) comprises a comprehensive data base available to study the possible effects of solar variability on stratospheric O3. It is shown that with the decrease in solar activity from 1970 to 1976, the globally averaged O3 inferred from Nimbus-4 data decreases from about 10 to 12 percent in the upper stratosphere to about 1 to 3 percent in the lower stratosphere. The systematic decrease in O3 seems to be correlated with the conventional indices of solar activity; however, it is difficult to account for the observed changes at various pressure levels with the current understanding of the photochemical models and the solar UV flux variations over a solar cycle.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 37
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    Delta function excitation of waves in the earth's ionosphere (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Excitation of the earth's ionosphere by delta function current sheets is considered, and the temporal and spatial evolution of wave packets is analyzed for a two-component collisional F2 layer. Approximations of an inverse Fourier-Laplace transform via saddle point methods provide plots of typical wave packets. These illustrate cold plasma wave theory and may be used as a diagnostic tool since it is possible to relate specific features, e.g., the frequency of a modulation envelope, to plasma parameters such as the electron cyclotron frequency. It is also possible to deduce the propagation path length and orientation of a remote radio beacon.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Radio Science (ISSN 0048-6604); 18; 1337-135
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  • 38
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    Normal mode study of the earth's rigid body motions (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: In this paper it is shown that the earth's rigid body (rb) motions can be represented by an analytical set of eigensolutions to the equation of motion for elastic-gravitational free oscillations. Thus each degree of freedom in the rb motion is associated with a rb normal mode. Cases of both nonrotating and rotating earth models are studied, and it is shown that the rb modes do incorporate neatly into the earth's system of normal modes of free oscillation. The excitation formula for the rb modes are also obtained, based on normal mode theory. Physical implications of the results are summarized and the fundamental differences between rb modes and seismic modes are emphasized. In particular, it is ascertained that the Chandler wobble, being one of the rb modes belonging to the rotating earth, can be studied using the established theory of normal modes.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 9437-944
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  • 39
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    A mechanism for plasma waves at the harmonics of the plasma frequency in the electron foreshock boundary (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A bump-on-tail unstable reduced velocity distribution, constructed from data obtained at the upstream boundary of the electron foreshock by the GSFC electron spectrometer experiment on the ISEE-1 satellite, is used as the initial plasma state for a numerical integration of the 1D-Vlasov-Maxwell system of equations. The integration is carried through the growth of the instability, beyond its saturation, and well into the stabilized plasma regime. A power spectrum computed for the electric field of the stabilized plasma is dominated by a narrow peak at the Bohm-Gross frequency of the unstable field mode but also contains significant power at the harmonics of the Bohm-Gross frequency. The harmonic power is in sharp peaks which are split into closely spaced doublets. The fundamental peak at the Bohm-Gross frequency is split into a closely spaced triplet. The mechanism for excitation of the second harmonic is shown to be second order wave-wave coupling. Previously announced in STAR as N83-17315
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 9081-909
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  • 40
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    Medium scale disturbances in total ozone during Southern Hemisphere summer (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Distinct medium scale disturbances in Southern Hemisphere total ozone were observed by the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer during the 1979 FGGE observing period. These disturbances are shown to be a result of advection by the zonal harmonic wave five which is centered near the tropopause (Salby, 1982). The contribution to the total ozone field by vertical advection due to this wave is shown to be nearly equal to that due to horizontal advection.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: American Meteorological Society, Bulletin (ISSN 0003-0007); 64; 1358-136
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  • 41
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    Isotopic evidence from the eastern Canadian shield for geochemical discontinuity in the Proterozoic mantle (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The Nd and Sr isotopic compositions presently reported for anorthosites and related rocks from the Grenville and Nain Provinces of the eastern Canadian shield indicate that the massifs were delivered from at least two distinct mantle source regions which were established before 1650 Myr ago. These regions were episodically involved in magmatism over about 500 Myr. One reservoir was isotopically similar to the depleted, modern midocean ridge basalt source. The other reservoir was chondritic-to-moderately-enriched, and is most easily identified in the Nain Province, but may have occurred scattered throughout Superior Province, as well.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 306; 679
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  • 42
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    Distribution, abundance and carbon isotopic composition of gaseous hydrocarbons in Big Soda Lake, Nevada - An alkaline, meromictic lake (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The study of the distribution and isotopic composition of low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases at the Big Soda Lake, Nevada, has shown that while neither ethylene nor propylene were found in the lake, ethane, propane, isobutane and n-butane concentrations all increased with water column depth. It is concluded that methane has a biogenic origin in both the sediments and the anoxic water column, and that C2-C4 alkanes have biogenic origins in the monimolimnion water and shallow sediments. The changes observed in delta C-13/CH4/ and CH4/(C2H6 + C3H8) with depth in the water column and sedimeents are probably due to bacterial processes, which may include anaerobic methane oxidation and different rates of methanogenesis, and C2-to-C4 alkane production by microorganisms.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (ISSN 0016-7037); 47; 2107-211
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  • 43
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    Autoregressive harmonic analysis of the earth's polar motion using homogeneous International Latitude Service data (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The homogeneous set of 80-year-long (1900-1979) International Latitude Service (ILS) polar motion data is analyzed using the autoregressive method (Chao and Gilbert, 1980), which resolves and produces estimates for the complex frequency (or frequency and Q) and complex amplitude (or amplitude and phase) of each harmonic component in the data. The ILS data support the multiple-component hypothesis of the Chandler wobble. It is found that the Chandler wobble can be adequately modeled as a linear combination of four (coherent) harmonic components, each of which represents a steady, nearly circular, prograde motion. The four-component Chandler wobble model 'explains' the apparent phase reversal during 1920-1940 and the pre-1950 empirical period-amplitude relation. The annual wobble is shown to be rather stationary over the years both in amplitude and in phase, and no evidence is found to support the large variations reported by earlier investigations. The Markowitz wobble is found to be marginally retrograde and appears to have a complicated behavior which cannot be resolved because of the shortness of the data set.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10299-10
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    Comparison of Yamato and Victoria Land polymict eucrites - A view from mineralogical and isotopic studies (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: New interior samples of four Yamato polymict eucrites (Y74159, Y74450, Y75011, and Y75015) have been studied by electron microprobe, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction techniques, and compared with several samples of the Victoria Land polymict eucrites. These same samples have been analysed using Rb-Sr and Nd-Sm isotopic systematics. Several grains of inverted pigeonite, with blebby augite similar to those in Binda and Moama, have been identified in all four Yamato eucrites. Coarse-grained meso-stasis-rich subophitic basalts, which contain Mg-rich pigeonite (with Fe-rich olivine veinlets) zoned outward to a subcalcic ferroaugite rims, have also been found. These unique clasts were not found in ALH76005, 77302, 78040, 7858, and 78165 and EET eucrites. The tight grouping of Rb/Sr and Sm/Nd ratos, and similar modal compositions of the Yamato group indicate that they are most likely to be pieces from a single fall, and distinct from the ALH and EET groups. However, the Yamato, Allan Hills, and Elephant Moraine groups may sample a few distinct magmas or similar but different source regions on the same parent body.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research, Supplement (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; B245-B25
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  • 45
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    SERIES - Satellite Emission Range Inferred Earth Surveying (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The Satellite Emission Range Inferred Earth Surveying (SERIES) concept is based on the utilization of NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) radio transmissions without any satellite modifications and in a totally passive mode. The SERIES stations are equipped with lightweight 1.5 m diameter dish antennas mounted on trailers. A series baseline measurement accuracy demonstration is considered, taking into account a 100 meter baseline estimation from approximately one hour of differential Doppler data. It is planned to conduct the next phase of experiments on a 150 m baseline. Attention is given to details regarding future baseline measurement accuracy demonstrations, aspects of ionospheric calibration in connection with subdecimeter baseline accuracy requirements of geodesy, and advantages related to the use of the differential Doppler or pseudoranging mode.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 46
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    Calculated stormtime variations in plasmaspheric thermal ion composition (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Model calculations describing stormtime variations in the earth's dayside plasmasphere are used to examine variations in ion composition. The model storm is initiated by high-latitude thermospheric heating that generates meridional winds that carry neutral species, momentum, and energy equatorward. The thermosphere acts on the plasmasphere through collisional transfer of momentum and through chemical reactions between neutral species and ions. Over latitudes near the region of thermospheric heating, the thermosphere-plasmasphere coupling processes cause enhancement in the density of oxygen ions while protons are being lost. Meanwhile, densities of oxygen ions and protons near the equator are increasing together, almost in phase. The largest enhancements in ion density develop at latitudes near 45 deg invariant for both oxygen and hydrogen.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10233-10
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  • 47
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    A model study of the effects of intermittent loss on odd nitrogen concentrations in the lower troposphere (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A time-dependent box model of the lower troposphere which includes a description of photochemical and physical processes has been developed. This model has been applied to the calculation of nitric acid and NO(x)(NO + NO2) concentrations over a diurnal cycle which includes precipitation. Nitric acid concentrations and the HNO3/NO(x) ratio are found to be highly variable under the assumptions regarding the frequency, duration, and intensity of precipitation employed in this model. The chemistry of odd nitrogen compounds during the night is potentially important in establishing the level of nitric acid in the lower troposphere. These calculations also indicate that relatively large errors may occur when the continuity equation describing nitric acid variations is averaged over a diurnal cycle which includes precipitation. Interpretation of simultaneous measurements of HNO3 and NO(x) will require some knowledge of the history of the observed air mass and may require an improved understanding of nighttime odd nitrogen chemistry.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10697-10
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    Observation of wave-wave interactions in the stratosphere (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Data from the LIMS instrument for January 1979 are used to provide further evidence for the often observed vacillation between the amplitudes of waves 1 and 2 in the stratosphere. The vacillation is shown to result primarily from nonlinear wave-wave interactions within the stratosphere. Two ways of interpreting nonlinearity are discussed. In the first, the basic state is defined to include large amplitude waves as well as the mean zonal wind. A forced wave propagates with respect to this asymmetric basic state, which can lead to changes in the conventional zonal wavenumber measured at one latitude. The other view of nonlinearity, interaction of wave with the zonal flow and with other wavenumbers are considered separately. Wave-wave interactions among waves 1, 2 and 3 are calculated. The derivation and computation of wave-wave interaction terms in the potential enstrophy balance are given. The observations indicate that enstrophy transfer among waves can be substantial even when the amplitude of one of the contributing waves is small. The computed enstrophy balance also demonstrates that wave-wave interactions can have a large effect on the interaction of waves with the mean flow.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 40; 2484-249
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  • 49
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    Stratospheric temperature profile from balloon-borne measurements of the 10.4-micron band of CO2 (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The technique of nonlinear least squares spectral curve fitting has been used to derive the stratospheric vertical temperature profile from balloon-borne measurements of the 10.4 micron band of CO2. The spectral data were obtained at sunset with the approximately 0.02 per cm resolution University of Denver interferometer system from a float altitude of 33.5 km near Alamogordo, New Mexico, on 23 March 1981. The r.m.s. deviation between the retrieved temperature profile and correlative radiosonde measurements is 2.2 K.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer (ISSN 0022-4073); 30; 327-334
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    Electric field measurements at the magnetopause. I Observation of large convective velocities at rotational magnetopause discontinuities (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Large convective electric fields of the order of 10 mV/m (sometimes as high as 22 mV/m) are observed at rotational magnetopause discontinuities. These observations were made with the long cylindrical (179-m base line) probes carried on the ISEE 1 satellite. These electric field observations yield convective velocity magnitudes (equal to the cross product of the vector E and the vector B, the latter divided by the square of the magnitude of B) of the order of 150 km/s. In this format for the convective velocity magnitudes, some of these observations are similar to the high speed plasma velocity observations that were made at the magnetopause with the plasma experiment carried on the ISEE 1 satellite. It is shown that, for many of these magnetopause crossings, there exists a special moving coordinate system where the observed electric fields vanish. Such a unique reference system is often used in theoretical studies of magnetic discontinuities. This special coordinate system does not move at the local plasma velocity but moves instead at a velocity intermediate between the convective velocity and the local Alfven velocity. It is used here as a diagnostic tool for the experimental investigation of rotational discontinuities at the magnetopause.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10000-10
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    Estimation of lower crust magnetization form satellite derived anomaly field (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Various lines of evidence point to the lower crust as the source of the long-wavelength magnetic anomaly field measured by the POGO and Magsat satellites. Using seismically determined lower crust thicknesses and equivalent source inversion of the satellite anomaly data, magnetization for the lower crust for much of the United States has been calculated. The average magnetization for two hundred sixty-six 150 x 150 km areas is 3.5 A/m with a standard deviation of 1.1 A/m. These values are consistent with laboratory measurements of mafic-ultramafic rocks expected in the lower crust, and in agreement with previous estimates of lower crust magnetization based on long-wavelength aeromagnetic data. Average lower crust thickness for the same areas is 18.2 km (sigma = 6.4). Thus, over large regions, it appears that variation in magnetization and variation in magnetic layer thickness contribute almost equally in causing the anomaly field variation at satellite altitude.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Tectonophysics (ISSN 0040-1951); 93; 33-45
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  • 52
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    Cold plasma distribution above a few thousand kilometers at high latitudes (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Great advances with respect to the study of the earth's magnetosphere could be achieved in connection with the launch of the Dynamics Explorer (DE) 1 and 2 spacecraft. These advances were made possible partly because of the unique combination of coplanar orbits which simultaneously sample the low altitude ionospheric and atmospheric signature (DE-2) and the high altitude phenomena of the inner magnetosphere (DE-1). It was, thus, feasible to obtain new measurements of the coupling of plasmas and fields between these fundamentally important regions. One basic element of the coupling involves the interchange of low energy plasma between the ionosphere and magnetosphere. The flow characteristics of the low energy plasma are indicators of the magnetospheric and ionospheric electric fields which drive the current system. The Retarding Ion Mass Spectrometer (RIMS) instrument has been designed for conducting measurements regarding this plasma population. Attention is given to details regarding RIMS, an example RIMS orbit, plasma trough characteristics, and polar cap phenomena.
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    Variations in the stratospheric ozone field inferred from Nimbus satellite observations. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The ultraviolet earth radiance data from the backscatter ultraviolet experiment on Nimbus 4 have been inverted to infer ozone profiles using a single Rayleigh scattering model. Two methods of solution give essentially the same results. Comparison of these profiles with simultaneous rocket sounding data shows satisfactory agreement at low and middle latitudes. Vertical cross-sections of ozone mixing ratio along the orbital tracks indicate that while the gross characteristics of the ozone field above 10 mb are under photochemical control, the influence of atmospheric motions can be found up to the 4 mb level.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 54
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    The Nimbus-4 backscatter ultraviolet /BUV/ atmospheric ozone experiment Two years' operation. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Review of some of the procedures and results of the double monochromator and colinear photometer Nimbus-4 satellite experiment that measures ultraviolet terrestrial radiance, Lambert reflectivity of the lower boundary of the scattering atmosphere, and extraterrestrial solar irradiance. The experiment has produced nearly three years of almost continuous data which are being used to infer the high-level ozone distribution and total ozone on a global basis. The high-level ozone data have been verified by independent coincident rocket ozone soundings, and the total ozone values show good agreement with Dobson spectrophotometer determinations. An increase has been observed in equatorial radiance at 2550 A relative to 2900 A, which seems to indicate that the amount of ozone in the upper stratosphere is related to the eleven-year solar cycle.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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    Spectral structure of tropospheric vertical temperature profiles over Cape Kennedy, Florida. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Recent Jimsphere/Jimsonde measurements of tropospheric temperature profile spectra in the wavelength band from 50 to 2000 meters above the atmospheric boundary layer, taken over Cape Kennedy, Florida, are summarized. The results suggest that the spectra can be represented in the nondimensional form (omega sub g/sigma sub w)phi(k)/sigma sub T squared = S(K), where phi(k) is the temperature profile spectrum at wave number k, omega sub g is the Brunt-Vasala frequency, sigma sub w and sigma sub T denote the standard deviations of the vertical velocity and temperature profiles, and S is a universal function of nondimensional wave number K = k sigma sub w/omega sub g.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 20
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    Introduction (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Since May 1970, personnel on several campuses of the University of California have been conducting investigations which seek to determine the usefulness of modern remote sensing techniques for studying various components of California's earth resources complex. Emphasis has been given to California's water resources as exemplified by the Feather River project and other aspects of the California Water Plan. This study is designed to consider in detail the supply, demand, and impact relationships. The specific geographic areas studied are the Feather River drainage in northern California, the Chino-Riverside Basin and Imperial Valley areas in southern California, and selected portions of the west side of San Joaquin Valley in central California. An analysis is also given on how an effective benefit-cost study of remote sensing in relation to California's water resources might best be made.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: An Integrated Study of Earth Resources in the State of Calif. Using Remote Sensing Tech.; 7 p
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    Water demand studies (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The areas of focus of the Santa Barbara and Riverside groups in conducting water demand studies are the central and southern California regional test sites, respectively. Within each test site, sub-areas have been selected for use in the making of detailed investigations. Within each of these sub-areas an in-depth evaluation is being made as to the capability of remote sensing systems to provide pertinent data relative to water demand phenomena. These more limited sub-areas are: (1) Kern County and the San Joaquin Basin; (2) Chino-Riverside Basin; and (3) the Imperial Valley. Rational for the selection of these subareas included the following: Much of the previous remote sensing research had been conducted in these areas and therefore a great deal of remote sensing imagery and pertinent ground truth for the areas was already available.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: An Integrated Study of Earth Resources in the State of Calif. Using Remote Sensing Tech.; 71 p
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    Water supply studies (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The primary test site for water supply investigations continues to be the Feather River watershed in northeastern California. This test site includes all of the area draining into and including the Oroville Reservoir. The principal effort is to determine the extent to which remote sensing techniques, when properly employed, can provide information useful to those persons concerned with the management and planning of lands and facilities for the production of water, using the Oroville Reservoir and the California Water Project as the focus for the study. In particular, emphasis is being placed on determining the cost effectiveness of information derived through remote sensing as compared with that currently being derived through more conventional means.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: An Integrated Study of Earth Resources in the State of Calif. Using Remote Sensing Tech.; 110 p
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  • 59
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    Experimental test of magnetospheric models. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The barium cloud injection deep into the magnetosphere of Sept. 21, 1971, has revealed that the quiet-time near-equatorial nightside magnetic field is significantly different from that predicted by existing quite-time models. The influence of currents flowing on or near the geomagnetic equator gives the field a more tail-like structure at a distance as close as 5 earth radii. Several models have been tried out to obtain a best fit to the experimental observations of the shape of the field-aligned ion cloud. Although this method does not lead to a unique solution, the most acceptable option emerging from this analysis is a quiet-time tilted image-dipole model with a Williams-Mead tail field and a disclike ring current on the geomagnetic equator.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 1
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    Preliminary analysis of NASA optical data obtained in barium ion cloud experiment of September 21, 1971. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: This paper reviews the optical data obtained by NASA in the joint NASA-MPE experiment conducted on September 21, 1971, involving the release of a barium cloud at an altitude of about 31,500 km over Colombia, South America. The data indicated an anomalously high rate of elongation and an unexpectedly large rate of deceleration of the main core of the ion cloud. The outermost striational features achieved a steady velocity within a few minutes, thus indicating that they had acquired the velocity of the ambient plasma. From the observed drift of these striations, one deduces an electric field that, when referred to a coordinate system rotating with the earth, has a meridional component directed toward the interior of the magnetic loop of 0.14 mV/m and a component perpendicular to the meridional plane of 0.15 mV/m directed to the west.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 1
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  • 61
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    Diurnal and semidiurnal nitrogen density and temperature variations from thermosphere probe measurements. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Amplitudes and phases for the diurnal and semidiurnal variations of thermospheric molecular nitrogen density and temperature are determined from data obtained by six rocket-launched thermosphere probes. The semidiurnal tide is significant for the lower thermosphere variations, where it could dominate in the N2 density at 140 km and in the temperature for altitudes between 170 and 200 km. At exospheric heights, the magnitudes of the semidiurnal modes in density and temperature are significantly smaller than those of the diurnal mode. The temperature phase is height-dependent in both diurnal and semidiurnal components below 200 km, thus contributing to phase differences between N2 density and temperature in both modes. No significant phase differences are apparent between N2 density and thermospheric temperature above 250 km.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 1
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  • 62
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    An atlas of low-latitude 6300-A forbidden O I night airglow from Ogo 4 observations. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The atomic oxygen emission line at 6300 A as measured in the nadir direction by a photometer on the polar-orbiting satellite Ogo 4 has been plotted between 40 deg N and 40 deg S latitude on a series of maps for the moon-free periods between Aug. 30, 1967, and Jan. 10, 1968. Readily apparent are the longitudinal and local time variations that occur during the northern fall-winter season. The northern tropical arc is more widespread; the southern arc is not present at all longitudes. The arcs in early evening are strong and distinct, separated by very low emission rates at the magnetic equator. The arcs lie generally along magnetic parallels, move toward the magnetic equator as the night progresses, and, in the early morning hours, decrease in emission rate and degenerate into patches.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Sept. 1
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  • 63
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    Polar cap on Europa. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Photoelectric observations are reported of two occultations of Jupiter's satellite Europa by the satellite Io. The reductions in the intensity during these events exceeds predicted values by 80% and 55% for the nights of June 17, 1973, and June 24, 1973, respectively. It is concluded that Europa has a bright polar cap extending from the north pole to latitude 30 deg. The light curves for the Europa occultations are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Nature; 244; Aug. 31
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  • 64
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    Wind-driven currents in a shallow lake or sea. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A technique is given for obtaining exact analytical solutions for wind-driven currents in a shallow lake or sea with a large class of bottom topographies which may or may not contain an island. Welander's second-order partial differential equation for the lake's surface displacement is used for determining the lake circulation. The technique, together with some results based on conformal mapping, is used to reduce the problem of finding solutions to Welander's equation for a closed body of water to the problem of solving an ordinary differential equation. The method is applied to an elliptically shaped lake and a circular lake containing an eccentrically located circular island.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics; 26; Aug. 197
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  • 65
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    Electric field and fine structure in aurora. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Simultaneous rocket measurements of electric field and optical aurora during a weak PCA event are presented. The aurora consisted of faint structures superposed on a homogeneous glow, and on-board photometers showed that the rocket passed through two discrete auroral forms. These enhanced auroral emissions coincided with variations in the dc electric field and an increase in the ac field. A detailed comparison between electric fields and optical emissions shows that the relation is quite complex. The results are compared with earlier electric field and optical auroral measurements.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics; 35; Oct. 197
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  • 66
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    A numerical study of polar ionospheric currents. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Numerical calculations for the electric current in the polar ionosphere have been made by assuming some realistic distributions of the electric field and conductivity. Two dynamo actions are taken into account; one of which is induced by ionospheric winds and the other by the solar wind. For the solar wind dynamo action, it is found that the secondary polarization field caused by nonuniform distribution of ionospheric conductivity is much larger than the primary field induced by the solar wind, suggesting its important effect on charged particles in the magnetosphere, and that the irrotational current having a source and sink is of the same order of magnitude as the solenoidal current closing its circuit in the ionosphere. It is also found that the solar wind is, in general, more effective than the ionospheric winds in producing polar current systems such as DP 1 and 2, but in some cases the ionospheric winds have a significant effect on the current distribution.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Planetary and Space Science; 21; Aug. 197
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  • 67
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    A model of carbon compounds in the stratosphere and mesosphere. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A photochemical model with vertical transport is employed to compute profiles of CO, CH4, CH3, CH2, CHO, CH2O, CH3O, CH3O2, and CH4O2 from 10- to 90-km altitude. The upper boundary condition is taken as diffusive equilibrium at 120 km, and the lower boundary condition as chemical equilibrium or a flux condition at 10 km. The results are in reasonable agreement with observations and with the results of other model studies.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 20
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  • 68
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    Excitation of the low-luminosity Balmer emissions in the geocorona. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Recent high-resolution observations by Reynolds, Roesler, and Scherb identify the low-intensity nighttime H-alpha and H-beta emission components that originate in the geocorona. They suggest that a Balmer-line-producing mechanism such as the one proposed by Kondo and Kupperian is perhaps responsible for generating the H-alpha and H-beta components of the geocorona. A theoretical calculation was performed using this model in which the geocorona hydrogen is excited through collision with the electrons. The results agree well with the observed intensity ratio, H-alpha/H-beta = 4 to 5. Other consequences of this excitation mechanism are also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; 184; Aug. 15
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  • 69
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    Particle and field observations from Explorer 45 during the December 1971 magnetic storm period. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Measurements of magnetic field variations and proton energy densities on Explorer 45 during the double magnetic storm of Dec. 16 through 19, 1971. Data are given for the magnetic signature of the ring current and for the proton ring current up to distances of 5.24 earth radii. Diagrams are included for orbits 99, 101, 102, and 103.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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  • 70
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    Double floating probe measurements on S3-A. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Model calculations are made to explain the behavior of the potential of a pair of symmetrical floating probes used for the measurement of dc electric fields inside the plasmapause on the S3-A satellite launched on Nov. 15, 1971, into an eccentric orbit. Data representing the behavior of three regions of the plasmapause on and around Dec. 17, 1971, are discussed. The behavior of the plasmapause is found to be generally similar to that determined by previous observations involving variable magnetic activity.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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  • 71
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    Energy spectra and pitch angle distributions of storm-time and substorm injected protons. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Discussion of the energy spectra and pitch angle distributions of ring current protons observed with the solid-state proton detector of Explorer 45 during the main and fast recovery phases of a storm on Dec. 17, 1971. Appearances of characteristic changes in the pitch angle distributions of roughly 100-eV protons are interpreted as pitch angle dispersion of rapidly injected protons during their azimuthal drift at L values above 5.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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  • 72
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    Ring current particle distributions during the magnetic storms of December 16-18, 1971. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Proton density energy distributions during two magnetic storms on Dec. 16 and 18, 1971, are derived from proton detector data of the S3-A satellite and are analyzed to show the contrast in the ring current developments during the two events. Ground magnetograms are also used in the analysis to show the magnetic field variations during the storms. Satellite orbits 97 through 103 are covered.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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  • 73
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    Predawn enhancement of 6300-A emission observed near the plasmapause from the Isis-2 spacecraft. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Data from several Isis-2 spacecraft passes are described in which the 6300-A atomic oxygen red line photometer mapped intensity steps resembling the predawn enhancement. Comparison with the electron density measured at the spacecraft indicates a plasmapause influence on the 6300-A emission rate, in that the intensity varies roughly inversely with the electron density at 1400 km. A simple calculation demonstrates the idea that field line opacity differences for photoelectrons are significant across the plasmapause. The measured electron temperatures are inadequate to account for the 6300-A excitation, thus confirming that it must arise from another mechanism.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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  • 74
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    Effect of an isotropic nonequilibrium plasma on electron temperature measurements. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The electron temperatures that would be determined (using the conventional single-temperature analysis) by the electrostatic probe, the diffuse resonance, and the radar backscatter techniques in an isotropic two-temperature plasma are presented. Plasma models corresponding to the addition of a minor component of energetic electrons and models corresponding to a process that cools a fraction of the ionospheric electrons are considered. The diffuse resonance temperature is found to lie between the probe and radar backscatter temperatures. The isotropic models corresponding to the addition of energetic electrons cannot support the reported discrepancies between radio wave and probe electron temperature measurements. Temperature differences similar to the observed differences can be produced by models with a fraction of the electrons at a temperature cooler than that of the main component of electrons. These models, however, are difficult to explain in terms of present understanding of the ionospheric plasma.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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  • 75
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    Accuracy and coverage of temperature data derived from the IR radiometer on the NOAA 2 satellite. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 30; July 197
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  • 76
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    Diurnal and annual temperature variations in the 30-60 km region as indicated by statistical analysis of rocketsonde temperature data. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 30; July 197
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  • 77
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    Scale dependence of the 200-mb divergence inferred from EOLE data. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The EOLE experiment with 480 constant-volume balloons distributed over the Southern Hemisphere approximately at the 200-mb level, has provided a unique, highly accurate set of tracer trajectories in the general westerly circulation. The trajectories of neighboring balloons are analyzed to estimate the horizontal divergence from the Lagrangian derivative of the area of one cluster. The variance of the divergence estimates results from two almost comparable effects: the true divergence of the horizontal flow and eddy diffusion due to small-scale, two-dimensional turbulence. Taking this into account, the rms divergence is found to be of the order of 0.00001 per sec and decreases logarithmically with cluster size. This scale dependence is shown to be consistent with the quasi-geostrophic turbulence model of the general circulation in midlatitudes.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 30; July 197
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  • 78
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    Photographic parallax heights of infrared airflow structures. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Nature; 244; July 13
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  • 79
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    New algae mapping technique by the use of an airborne laser fluorosensor. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An airborne laser fluorosensor for the detection of algae in the sea has been developed. The system transmits dye laser radiation at 590 nm and monitors the fluorescent emission at 685 nm from chlorophyll-a bearing microorganisms. The system was successfully flown over the test areas of Lake Ontario and Chesapeake Bay. The device is sensitive to a fraction of mg/cu-M chlorophyll-a density in the water from an altitude of 30 m.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 12; July 197
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  • 80
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    17alpha/H/ hopane identified in oil shale of the Green River formation /Eocene/ by carbon-13 NMR. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: During an investigation of C-13 NMR shifts and the structural correspondence of pentacyclic triterpenes a C-13 NMR study was conducted on one of the most abundant components of the hexane soluble fraction of oil shale bitumen of the Green River formation. A rigorous proof was derived exclusively from C-13 NMR data for the structure of the important triterpenoid fossil molecule. It was established that the structure of the isolated triterpane was 17alpha(H) hopane.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Nature; 242; Apr. 27
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  • 81
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    Observation of Raman scattering by SO2 in a generating plant stack plume. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Raman scattering by SO2 in an electrical generating plant stack plume has been observed using an optical radar system. Good qualitative agreement is evident between SO2 backscatter intensity and the plant's electrical power output.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Applied Physics Letters; 22; Apr. 15
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    Icelandic geothermal activity and the mercury of the Greenland icecap. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Aerometric studies concerning the level of atmospheric mercury were conducted at a number of sites in Iceland during June and July 1972. Samples from widely separated locations yielded Hg concentrations well above the range commonly cited for unpolluted air. Atmospheric mercury may be introduced in part by degassing fluid magmas. However, the release from fine ash could also serve as a vehicle. It is pointed out that from the mid-17th century to the present, Iceland has recorded nearly 50 volcanic eruptions.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Nature; 241; Feb. 23
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    Simulation studies and the design of the First Garp Global Experiment. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Review of the simulation studies intended to provide information to planners of the First Garp Global Experiment (FGGE) on the capabilities of alternative systems for meeting specific FGGE requirements. Following a description of the method and of the FGGE observing system the objectives of, and the limitations on, the FGGE simulation studies are defined. A discussion of data insertion procedures, specific experiments, and recent and future studies concludes the review.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: American Meteorological Society; vol. 54
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  • 84
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    Earth resources surveys from Spacelab (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The use of the space shuttle and of spacelab in earth resources surveys is reviewed. Advantages for viewing earth resources from space are summarized and research and development requirements are dealt with. Man's role in spacelab and shuttle operations is discussed and flight schedules are tabulated.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: ESRO The Implications for European Space Programmes of the Possibilities of Manned Missions, 4; 15 p
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  • 85
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    Effect of modified thermal conductivity on the temperature distribution in the protonosphere. (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: At typical protonospheric electron densities the electron mean free path is sufficiently long so that the coefficient of thermal conductivity is no longer given by Spitzer's expression. The effect on the temperature profile of using the corrected expression for conductivity is investigated. The corrected thermal conduction coefficient is density-dependent and has a more complicated temperature dependence than the coefficient applicable to higher density plasmas. The results indicate that the effect is not negligible even under quiet conditions and at low latitudes.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Annales de Geophysique; 29; Jan
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    Resonances observed on mother-daughter rocket flights in the ionosphere (1973)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Resonance phenomena have been observed in swept frequency experiments carried out on two mother-daughter Nike-Tomahawk rocket flights at auroral latitudes. The experimental method is briefly described and characteristic samples of the results are presented. A possible interpretation of some main resonances is offered, involving cold plasma cone resonances.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: ESRO European Sounding-Rocket and Related Res. at High Latitudes; p 69-75
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  • 87
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    Data processing for the ERTS-1 Virgin Islands Experiment 589 (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-07
    Beschreibung: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Grumman Ecosystems Corp. ERTS-1 Virgin Islands Expt. 589. Determine Boundaries of ERTS and Aircraft Data Within Which Useful Water Quality Information Can Be Obtained; 71 p
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  • 88
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    Applications of remote sensing to agriculture (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Remote sensing applications to agriculture in the areas of: (1) general land use mapping and stratification, (2) identification, and inventory of distinct crops, and (3) detection of stress conditions and other factors affecting crop yields are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Mich. State Univ. Proc. of the Conf. of Pract. Appl. of Remote Sensing; p 42-43
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  • 89
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    Application of remote sensing in forestry (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The use of remote sensing techniques in forestry studies is investigated. In particular, inventory, monitoring, detection, and management are discussed. Data show that infrared imagery appears to be the best technique for forestry studies. Data also show that color photographs are more easily interpreted than black and white ones.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Mich. State Univ. Proc. of the Conf. on Pract. Appl. of Remote Sensing; p 40-41
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  • 90
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    The Greater New Orleans STAR Project (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A description is given of STAR a computer project designed to provide urban planners with needed information rapidly and accurately. Particular attention was given to planning for the New Orleans area. Attempts were also made to analyze interactive effects of urban problems and predict their effects on each other.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Mich. State Univ. Proc. of the Conf. on Pract. Appl. of Remote Sensing; p 19-20
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  • 91
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    Remote sensing and the urban environment: An assessment of usefulness (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The usefulness of remote sensing in urban planning and development relative to social and economic factors as well as physical factors is examined. Particular attention was given to environmental quality assessment and land use problems.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Mich. State Univ. Proc. of the Conf. on Pract. Appl. of Remote Sensing; p 9-18
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  • 92
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    A land use and environmental impact analysis of the Norfolk-Portsmouth SMSA (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The feasibility of using remote sensing techniques for land use and environmental assessment in the Norfolk-Portsmouth area is discussed. Data cover the use of high altitude aircraft and satellite remote sensing data for: (1) identifying various heirarchial levels of land use, (2) monitoring land use changes for repetitive basis, (3) assessing the impact of competing land uses, and (4) identifying areas of potential environmental deterioration. High altitude aircraft photographs (scale 1:120,000) acquired in 1959, 1970, and 1972, plus Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-1) color composite images acquired in 1972 were used for the land use and environmental assessments. The high altitude aircraft photography, as expected, was successfully used to map Level 1, Level 2, as well as some urban Level 3 land use categories. However, the detail of land use analysis obtainable from the ERTS imagery exceeded the expectations for the U.S. Geological Survey's land use classification scheme. Study results are consistent with the initial investigation which determined Level 1 land use change to be 16.7 square km per year.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Mich. State Univ. Proc. of the Conf. on Pract. Appl. of Remote Sensing; p 21-35
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  • 93
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    Basic principles of remote sensing (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Forty eight selected bibliographic references dealing with the remote sensing of the environment are given. Emphasis was placed on data that deal with fundamental aspects and principles of the technique.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Mich. State Univ. Proc. of the Conf. on Pract. Appl. of Remote Sensing; p 3-6
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  • 94
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    Composition of the earth's atmosphere by shock-layer radiometry during the PAET entry probe experiment. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A determination of the composition of the earth's atmosphere obtained from onboard radiometer measurements of the spectra emitted from the bow shock layer of a high-speed entry probe is reported. The N2, O2, CO2, and noble gas concentrations in the earth's atmosphere were determined to good accuracy by this technique. The results demonstrate unequivocally the feasibility of determining the composition of an unknown planetary atmosphere by means of a multichannel radiometer viewing optical emission from the heated atmospheric gases in the region between the bow shock wave and the vehicle surface. The spectral locations in this experiment were preselected to enable the observation of CN violet, N2(+) first negative and atomic oxygen emission at 3870, 3910, and 7775 A, respectively. The atmospheric gases were heated and compressed by the shock wave to a peak temperature of about 6100 K and a corresponding pressure of 0.4 atm. Complete descriptions of the data analysis technique and the onboard radiometer and its calibration are given.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer; 13; Sept
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  • 95
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    An example of anticorrelation of auroral particles and electric fields. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The question of whether correlation or anticorrelation should occur is complex and depends on many factors, e.g., the internal impedance of the source; the Pedersen conductivity, which in turn is dependent on the incident energy of the precipitated particles; whether space charge can build up; and the magnitude of the incoming flux. Data are presented from a case in which an anticorrelation between auroral particles and electric fields is especially striking. The data were obtained from a Nike Tomahawk launched from the Norwegian rocket range at Andoya. The experiments carried are described briefly. The data support the anticorrelation model as one mechanism that can affect the electric field strength in auroral regions.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; July 1
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  • 96
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    Millisecond time scale atmospheric light pulses associated with solar and magnetospheric activity. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: By using a wide-angle photomultiplier system a class of millisecond time scale diffuse atmospheric light emission of terrestrial origin has been discovered. These fast atmospheric pulsation events also show damped oscillations around 10-kHz frequency, which distinguishes them from ordinary lightning-type events. Evidence is presented for the enhancement in the rate of these events induced by solar flare activity.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; June 1
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  • 97
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    An observation of polar auroral and airglow from the ISIS-II spacecraft. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: This is a preliminary but comprehensive report on coordinated data obtained with the ISIS-II spacecraft, fourth in the ISIS series, launched 1 April 1971, into a near circular 1400 km orbit. The capabilities of the ISIS-I spacecraft have been extended in a number of ways, including the global mapping of the 3914, 5577 and 6300 A emissions. Data obtained during a 30-min pass over the south pole depict the nightside oval and polar cap, as well as mid-latitude airglow effects; these data are described and discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Planetary and Space Science; 21; May 1973
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  • 98
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    Radiative slip between two adjacent absorbing-emitting gases and its application to air pollution. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 30; Mar. 197
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  • 99
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    Distribution of NO2/+/ in the lower ionosphere. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The positive nitrogen peroxide ion is discussed as an ionic constituent of the lower ionosphere in the light of recently observed concentrations at altitudes between 87.8 and 93.2 km. Photoionization and charge exchange reactions appear to be insufficient to account for the positive nitrogen peroxide ion concentration observed at 90 km. A possible alternative reaction is proposed, and its implications are briefly reviewed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Mar. 1
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  • 100
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    Effects of interplanetary magnetic sector structure on auroral zone and polar cap magnetic activity. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Mar. 1
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