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  • Springer  (72,532)
  • 1995-1999  (66,910)
  • 1925-1929  (5,622)
  • 1999  (66,910)
  • 1929  (5,622)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A constrained finite element method for modeling cloth deformation (1999)
    Springer
    The visual computer 15 (1999), S. 90-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2315
    Keywords: Key words: Cloth deformation ; Geometric constraint ; Geometric physical method ; Constrained finite element method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003710050164
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusive smoothing of polygonal meshes with bias and tension controls (1999)
    Springer
    The visual computer 15 (1999), S. 509-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2315
    Keywords: Key words: Smoothing – Diffusion systems – Bias and tension controls
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003710050196
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C2 Local convexity-preserving interpolation through the control point form method (1999)
    Springer
    The visual computer 15 (1999), S. 483-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2315
    Keywords: Key words: Interpolation – Parametric curves – Convexity preservation – Control point form
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: C 2 continuous convexity-preserving parametric curves in ℝ2 is presented. The control point form method, which was developed in the field of numerical grid generation, is used here to construct interpolating curves. Good control over the shape of the curves is obtained thanks to the capability of the proposed approach to interpolate not only the data points, but also some directions suitably associated with them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003710050194
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of antennal sensilla of Anaphes victus and A. listronoti (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae), egg parasitoids of Curculionidae (1999)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 119 (1999), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Antennal sensilla were compared in females and males of two sympatric mymarid Hymenoptera, Anaphes victus and A. listronoti which are, respectively, solitary and gregarious parasitoids of eggs of the carrot weevil Listronotus oregonensis (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Both species are morphologically very similar in the area where they are sympatric. The external morphology of the sensilla was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Female antennae have seven different types of sensilla, morphologically similar in the two species: trichoid sensilla, which are putative mechanosensilla, sensilla chaetica types 1, 3 and 4, which are presumably contact chemosensilla, and sensilla chaetica type 2 and basiconic and placoid sensilla, which are presumed to be olfactory sensilla. The major difference between the two species is the number of sensilla chaetica type 4, of which 6–9 are found on the antennal club in A. victus, while 10–12 are present in A. listronoti. The antennae of the males of both species are similar in morphology and in the number and distribution of their four types of sensilla, i.e. trichoid sensilla, sensilla chaetica type 1 and basiconic and placoid sensilla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004350050076
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Morphology and morphometrics of the appendicular musculature in geckoes with different locomotor habits (Lepidosauria) (1999)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 119 (1999), S. 9-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In this study a ground-dwelling (Eublepharis macularius) and a highly specialised climbing (Gekko gecko) lizard were chosen as study objects. The fore- and hindlimbs of two individuals of each species were dissected, and muscle masses, mean fibre lengths, cross-sectional areas and moment arms were determined. Special attention was paid to general muscle architecture (origin, insertion, fibre orientation, etc.) and pennation angles. Using these variables (cross sectional areas and moment arms), maximal moments exertable across the shoulder/hip, elbow/knee and wrist/ankle were calculated for both species. In accordance with the biomechanical predictions related to the preferred locomotor substrate of each species (i.e. level running for E. macularius and climbing for G. gecko), the results of this study indicate that climbers such as G. gecko generally possess powerful retractor muscles crossing the shoulder and hip joints. Additionally, the specialised climber is able to exert higher flexion moments across the elbow, which prevents the animals from falling backwards. However, G. gecko appears to be constrained in its ankle extension capabilities by the presence of the adhesive toe pads. The level-running species, on the other hand, shows a relatively stronger development of the extensor muscles in the lower limbs, allowing these lizards to run in an erect posture. In general, both species show large similarities on a gross morphological level as expected when considering their phylogenetic relatedness. Adaptations to their preferred locomotor substrate only become apparent when considering the functional properties (i.e. joint moments) of the appendicular musculature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004350050077
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Larval and metamorphic skeletal development in the fast-developing frog Pyxicephalus adspersus (Anura, Ranidae) (1999)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 119 (1999), S. 23-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Pyxicephalus adspersus , is exceptional among living frogs. Embryonic development, larval phase, and metamorphosis can be completed in 17 days at a temperature of 29°C. The metamorphosis only takes 5 days. The present study shows that, despite the unusually short larval phase in P. adspersus, the state of skeletal differentiation reached at the end of metamorphosis is similar to that of other frog species. There is no shift of cranial bone formation postmetamorphosis as could have been expected and is known from other species. The majority of compared species are particularly similar in the sequence of bone formation in the postcranial skeleton. However, there are clear differences among species in the timing of these events relative to the larval growth trajectory, absolute time, and certain developmental markers, such as external limb differentiation. For example, skeletogenesis and externally visible limb differentiation are only loosely integrated. Interspecific comparisons show that, in P. adspersus, the early onset of skeletal ossification is an unusual feature among frogs. Freshly metamorphosed froglets of P. adspersus are already distinct from comparable stages of other species in having strong jaws, fang-like teeth, and a squamosal-maxilla contact. The latter stabilizes the maxillary arcade and the suspensorium and might relate to the ability to catch and swallow very large vigorous prey, such as siblings, shortly after metamorphosis. The presence of a complete set of dermatocranial elements and postmetamorphic ossification of only the sphenethmoid and operculum are considered plesiomorphic features, whereas the much less completely ossified skulls of metamorphosed froglets, particularly in Bufo and Hamptophryne, are likely apo- morphic developmental traits within the Anura.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004350050078
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    CLSM analysis of development and structure of the central nervous system of Enchytraeus crypticus (”Oligochaeta”, Enchytraeidae) (1999)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 119 (1999), S. 37-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The phylogenetic position of the Clitellata within the Annelida is still in debate. It is unresolved whether they are a basal group, resembling the stem species of the Annelida, or a highly derived subtaxon, which evolved from a polychaete-like ancestor. A factor often ignored in this discussion is the site of the supraoesophageal ganglion (brain). Its position in the Clitellata, far behind the prostomium, can be regarded as a secondary structural adaptation to a life spent burrowing through relatively firm terrestrial substrates. Such a habit probably led to the complete elimination of prostomial appendages and a marked reduction in size of the prostomium, resulting in a displacement of the brain into following segments. This interpretation of the sequence of events corroborates the view that the Clitellata are a highly derived subtaxon of the primarily marine Annelida. The development of the central nervous system of Enchytraeus crypticus (”Oligochaeta”) was analysed by immunohistochemical methods in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy. A detailed description of neural structures, including the formation and arrangement of segmental nerves, is given for significant developmental stages. Labelling of neural structures using antibodies against acetylated α-tubulin and serotonin clearly shows that the cerebral ganglion initially develops within the prostomium. In the course of embryonic development it is shifted backwards into segment III. Thus the posterior relocation of the brain, which is inferred as having occurred in the phylogeny of the Clitel- lata, can be demonstrated in the ontogeny of E. crypticus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004350050079
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Histochemical localization of FMRFamide, serotonin and catecholamines in embryonic Crepidula fornicata (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) (1999)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 119 (1999), S. 49-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Recent reports indicate that neuronal elements develop in early larval stages of some Gastropoda from the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia prior to the appearance of any ganglia of the future adult central nervous system (CNS). The present study describes similar early neuronal elements in Crepidula fornicata. A posterior FMRFamide-like immunoreactive (LIR) cell with anteriorly projected fibers was observed in the trochophore stage. Additional FMRFamide-LIR and serotonin-LIR cells and fibers were found in the apical organ in the trochophore and early veliger stages. FMRFamide-LIR and serotonin-LIR projections to the velum and foot were also detected at this time. As the veliger developed, peripheral FMRFamide-LIR and later catecholaminergic cells were located in the foot region. Also during this stage, catecholaminergic cells and processes were observed near the mouth. In addition, this study tentatively identified the first serotonin- and FMRFamide-LIR cells and fibers within the developing ganglia of the adult CNS, which appeared in close proximity to the earlier developing elements. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that, in addition to its presumed role in the control of larval behaviors, the larval nervous system guides the development of the adult CNS. Larvae from the class Bivalvia and other invertebrate phyla also have neuronal elements marked by the presence of FMRFamide, serotonin, and catecholamines, and, therefore, this study may provide additional insights into phylogenetic relationships of the Gastropoda with other representatives of the Mollusca and different invertebrate phyla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004350050080
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Development of a unique eye: photoreceptors of the pelagic predator Atlanta peroni (Gastropoda, Heteropoda) (1999)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 119 (1999), S. 81-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The eyes of different larval stages and juveniles of Atlanta peroni are generally composed of a cornea, a lens and a retina. In juveniles a distinct pigmented shield is visible and an enormous humour is located behind the lens. Larvae have only two sensory cells and the photoreceptors are of the ciliary type. In juveniles a striking feature is the shape of the retina. It is ribbon-shaped and new sensory cells are present which are arranged in three rows. The photoreceptors are of the ciliary type as well. Contrary to the arrangement in larvae, the ciliary plasmalemma in juveniles forms numerous lamellar stacks. In accordance with the sensory cells the stacks are organized in three parallel rows. The lamellae of adjacent stacks within a row overlap each other. The latter unique feature has not yet been found in any other representative of the Heteropoda. These findings demonstrate that (a) the eyes are altered during the development from larvae into juveniles, (b) the larval sensory cells are reduced and replaced by new sensory cells in juveniles and (c) the eyes of juvenile and adult A. peroni are well adapted for their life as visual predators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004350050083
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  • 10
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    Evolution of the metathoracic tympanal ear and its mesothoracic homologue in the Macrolepidoptera (Insecta) (1999)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 119 (1999), S. 93-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Two independent methods of comparison, serial homology and phylogenetic character mapping, are employed to investigate the evolutionary origin of the noctuoid moth (Noctuoidea) ear sensory organ. First, neurobiotin and Janus green B staining techniques are used to describe a novel mesothoracic chordotonal organ in the hawkmoth, Manduca sexta, which is shown to be serially homologous to the noctuoid metathoracic tympanal organ. This chordotonal organ comprises a proximal scolopidial region with three bipolar sensory cells, and a long flexible strand (composed of attachment cells) that connects peripherally to an unspecialized membrane ventral to the axillary cord of the fore-wing. Homology to the tympanal chordotonal organ in the Noctuoidea is proposed from anatomical comparisons of the meso- and metathoracic nerve branches and their corresponding peripheral attachment sites. Second, the general structure (noting sensory cell numbers, gross anatomy, and location of peripheral attachment sites) of both meso- and metathoracic organs is surveyed in 23 species representing seven superfamilies of the Lepidoptera. The structure of the wing-hinge chordotonal organ in both thoracic segments was found to be remarkably conserved in all superfamilies of the Macrolepidoptera examined except the Noctuoidea, where fewer than three cells occur in the metathoracic ear (one cell in representatives of the Notodontidae and two cells in those of other families examined), and at the mesothoracic wing-hinge (two cells) in the Notodontidae only. By mapping cell numbers onto current phylogenies of the Macrolepidoptera, we demonstrate that the three-celled wing-hinge chordotonal organ, believed to be a wing proprioceptor, represents the plesiomorphic state from which the tympanal organ in the Noctuoidea evolved. This ’trend toward simplicity’ in the noctuoid ear contrasts an apparent ’trend toward complexity’ in several other insect hearing organs where atympanate homologues have been studied. The advantages to having fewer rather than more cells in the moth ear, which functions primarily to detect the echolocation calls of bats, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004350050084
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  • 11
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    Fibre type regionalization of forelimb muscles in two mammalian species, Galea musteloides (Rodentia, Caviidae) and Tupaia belangeri (Scandentia, Tupaiidae), with comments on postnatal myogenesis (1999)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 119 (1999), S. 117-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  To investigate structural differences between propulsory and antigravity muscles, the spatial distribution of slow (type I) and fast (type II) muscle fibres in forelimb muscles of two species of small mammals was studied, Galea musteloides and Tupaia belangeri. Serial sections through complete forelimbs were prepared. Following histochemical fibre typing, the forelimbs were reconstructed three-dimensionally using product design software. Most forelimb muscles of both species showed a homogenous distribution of type I fibres. In the supraspinatus and triceps brachii (capita longum et laterale) muscles, however, a segregation of fibre types into ”fast” superficial areas and ”slow” deep regions was observed. Slow regions contained at least 60% type I fibres and were positioned along intramuscular extensions of the tendons of insertion. The functional implications of fibre type regionalization are discussed. An analysis of intramuscular fibre type distribution during postnatal myogenesis revealed no significant differences in muscle fibre differentiation between altricial and precocial juveniles. Differences in locomotor ability probably arise from heterochronic development of connective tissue components (endo- and perimysium).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004350050086
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  • 12
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    Ultrastructure of spermiogenesis and spermatozoa in Bradynectes sterreri and remarks on sperm cells in Haplopharynx rostratus and Paromalostomum fusculum: phylogenetic implications for the Macrostomorpha (Plathelminthes) (1999)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 119 (1999), S. 105-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The fine structure of spermiogenesis and spermatozoa in three species of the Macrostomorpha was studied, with emphasis on Bradynectes sterreri. Two centrioles appear during the development of sperm cells, at least in B. sterreri and Paromalostomum fusculum. Initially these organelles have a perpendicular position, but later they come to lie in line with each other. In P. fusculum, the differentiation of rootlet structures inserting on both centrioles was found. However, ciliary axonemes do not grow out, either in B. sterreri or in P. fusculum. These two species, and also Haplopharynx rostratus, have aciliated spermatozoa. The mature male gametes of B. sterreri are characterized by a filiform nucleus, numerous mitochondria, dense bodies irregular in shape, membranous lacunae, a pair of electron-dense lateral ledges and two sets of cortical microtubules in addition to a closed ring of microtubules in the posterior segment of the cell. Both lateral ledges do not originate from the centrioles. ’Lateral ledges’ or ’lateral bristles’ were not observed in spermatozoa of H. rostratus and P. fusculum. Such structures cannot be considered autapomorphic for the Macrostomorpha. The known spermatological characteristics contribute to elucidating the interrelationships of the Macrostomorpha. Haplopharynx and Macrostomida are sister groups. Spermatozoa with cortical microtubules separated into two sets are hypothesized as an autapomorphy of the Macrostomida. The two lateral ledges found in spermatozoa of B. sterreri are discussed to correspond to the pair of ’lateral bristles’ known from Macrostomum species, indicating a sister-group relationship of these two taxa. Apparently, the aciliated spermatozoa of Macrostomorpha species originated from biciliated male gametes. Hence, biciliated spermatozoa are not an evolutionary novelty of the Trepaxonemata, but of the Rhabditophora.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004350050085
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  • 13
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    Functional morphology of musculature in the acoelomate worm, Convoluta pulchra (Plathelminthes) (1999)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 119 (1999), S. 127-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Convoluta pulchra is a small worm living in the surface sediment of mud flats where it feeds on diatoms. It is roughly teardrop in shape with a ventral groove in which the mouth sits, and it can move in a variety of ways, readily distorting its body in bending, twisting, and turning motions. Fluorescently labeled probes for filamentous actin revealed the musculature in whole mounts of the worm. In the body wall, the musculature consisted of a grid of circular, longitudinal crossover (that is, with a longitudinal orientation in the anterior half of the body but arcing medially to cross over to the contralateral side of the body behind the level of the mouth), and a few diagonal fibers. Inside the body was a strong, irregular brush of muscles originating at the rostral tip of the body and anchoring laterally and posteriorly along the body wall, and strong dorsoventral muscles flanked the ventral groove. Two fans of muscles in the ventral and dorsal body wall reached posteriorly and laterally; that on the dorsal side originated at junctures of the dorsoventral muscles with the body wall and that on the ventral body wall originated from the mouth. By their positions, certain groups of muscles could be correlated with given movements: the crossover muscles with some turning motions and feeding, and the inner muscles with probing and retraction motions of the rostrum and with a tuck-and-turn motion the worm used to turn itself around. Electron microscopy showed numerous maculae adherentes junctions linking all muscle types and special junctions linking the musculature with the epidermis. The latter myoepidermal junctions were of dimensions larger than those of maculae adherentes and contained an interlaminar material which we believe represents islands of basal matrix comparable to basement membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004350050087
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  • 14
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    The adhesive devices in larvae of Lepidoptera (Insecta, Pterygota) (1999)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 119 (1999), S. 143-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Keywords: Abbreviations L1, L2, L3: instars of larvae ; Lm: mature larva(e)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Adhesion to smooth surfaces by means of thin fluid lipid film was studied on living larvae of 71 species of Lepidoptera by a simple ”light reflection method”. The method made it possible to localize exactly the sites of adhesion and to estimate roughly the film thickness, within a certain range. Furthermore, it revealed the general presence of mobile lipid on the entire insect surface. The observations on living larvae were complemented by comparative structural studies of the adhesive parts with light and scanning electron microscopes on preserved specimens of 161 species. Specialized adhesive devices were found in great diversity on larval legs and prolegs, especially in larvae living in the open air on their food plants. Two main surface types of adhesive cuticle were found: (1) cuticle with a flexible smooth surface and (2) cuticle with very numerous small projections (microtrichia) with spatulate and recurved apices. Both the functional implications of the adhesive cuticular structure and the role of the adhesive fluid as well as the evolution of the adhesive devices are discussed. The adhesive effect is due to ”capillary” or meniscus forces.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004350050088
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  • 15
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    Comparative morphology of tergal phragmata occurring in the dorsal thoraco-abdominal junction of ditrysian Lepidoptera (Insecta) (1999)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 119 (1999), S. 163-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A comparative SEM investigation of the transphragma representing the medioanterior margin of the first abdominal tergum in ditrysian Lepidoptera resulted in the establishment of a directed transformation series of gradual modifications. Most remarkably, an additional phragma, for which the term euphragma is proposed, must be assigned to the ground pattern of the Obtectomera. However, this assumption implies that a subsequent loss of the euphragma must be attributed to the ground patterns of the Axiidae, Copromorphoidea, Doidae, Papilionidae and the Hedylidae. On the other hand, a typical euphragma is also observed in the non-obtectomeran superfamily Sesioidea. Similarly, the phylogenetic significance of the presence of a much smaller circular phragma in the Choreutidae is not yet understood. Either the three taxa (Obtectomera, Sesioidea and Choreutidae) constitute a clade, and secondary modifications have obliterated the euphragma on a number of occasions, or the euphragma has been developed independently on more than one occasion. Potential autapomorphies of various subordinate taxa are also discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004350050089
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  • 16
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    Anatomie und biologie der augenlosen landlungenschnecke caecilioides acicula müll (1929)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 13 (1929), S. 359-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die völlig pigmentlose Caecilioides acicula/ besitzt eine außerordentlich schmale, dreigeteilte Sohle mit sehr breitem Mittelfeld. Der Hautmuskelschlauch tritt gegenüber den großen Bluträumen des Fußes stark zurück. Für den Columellariskomplex ist die Länge der einzelnen Muskelbänder bemerkenswert. Die Lokomotionsgeschwindigkeit der Caecilioides acicula übertrifft diejenige aller anderen daraufhin untersuchten Landschnecken ganz bedeutend. Der Darmtraktus ist dem der Clausilien ähnlich. Am Dünndarm findet sich ein hier erstmalig nachgewiesenes, winziges Divertikel, dessen Funktion unklar ist. An der „schlauchartigen” Leber fällt die geringe Entwicklung der inneren Oberfläche auf. Der „obere”, apikal gelegene Leberlappen ist bedeutend größer wie der „untere”. Am Grunde der langgestreckten Lungenhöhle liegt die eigenartig gestaltete Niere. Der geschlossene, sekundäre Ureter mündet in zwei kurzen Asten in die „Kloakenhöhle” bzw. in den Atemgang. Die große Kloakenhöhle führt von Zeit zu Zeit rhythmische Verschlußbewegungen aus. Ihr liegt außen ein großer Drüsenkomplex auf, die „Kloakendrüse”. Die Ganglien des Schlundringes sind wenig konzentriert. Ein in die Unterseite des Pharynx eintretendes Nervenpaar zeigt gangliöse Anschwellungen, wie she his jetzt nur bei wenigen Stylommatophoren beobachtet worden sind. Tast-, Geruch- und Wärmesinn sind gut entwickelt und wichtig zur Orientierung im Raum. Die Reaktion auf optische Reize ist nicht ganz so deutlich ausgeprägt. Die Ausführwege des Genitalapparates sind stark drüsig. Die Kopulationswerkzeuge entbehren jeglicher Anhangsorgane. In bezug auf Größe und Zahl der Eier verhält sich Caecilioides acicula wie ein echtes Höhlentier. Auch die durch subterrane Lebensweise bedingte Pigment-und Augenlosigkeit hat these Schnecke mit vielen Troglobien gemeinsam. Caecilioides acicula ist eine Ferussaciide. Thieles Einreihung der „Ferussaciidae” unter die „Achatinacea” ist nach dem gegenwärtigen Stand unserer Kenntnis berechtigt.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408540
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  • 17
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    Die läutausserungen der orthopteren. (Lauterzeugung, läutabwandlung und deren biologische bedeutung sowie tonapparat der geradflügler.) Vergleichende untersuchungen I (1929)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 13 (1929), S. 745-803 
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    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408547
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  • 18
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    Die postembryonale entwicklung der weiblichen genitaldrüsen und ihrer ausführungsgänge von psychoda alternata say (1929)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 14 (1929), S. 1-35 
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    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419343
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  • 19
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    Zur Kenntnis der Lebensweise von Haliplus Wehnckei Gerh (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 14 (1929), S. 191-233 
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    Biologische Reisestudien in Südamerika (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 14 (1929), S. 166-190 
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    Studien über die lebenserscheinungen der silphini (Coleopt.) (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 14 (1929), S. 234-260 
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    Ein neuer rüsseltypus bein einem käfer (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 14 (1929), S. 513-521 
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    Zur biologie und regeneration der niederen actiniarien (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 14 (1929), S. 522-530 
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    Weitere untersuchungen über die methode der zeitfange (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 14 (1929), S. 614-629 
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    Zur vergleichenden sexualbiologie primitiver spinnen, insbesondere der tetrapneumonen (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 14 (1929), S. 699-764 
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    Morphologisch-ökologische studien an neuen Turbellarien aus dem meeressande der Kieler Bucht (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 14 (1929), S. 765-791 
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    Zur Mechanik und Verwendungsart des Schnepfenschnabels (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 90-108 
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    Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Morphologie der Myzostomiden (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 156-191 
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    Über Einen Gynander der Mauerbiene (Chalicodoma Muraria Retz.) Nebst Einigen Bemerkungen über Normale Individuen (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 213-261 
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    Über die Formen der Pigmentgruppierung in der Lungendecke der Beschalten Landpulmonaten und die Rolle des Pigments bei der Schalenbildung (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 309-362 
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    Über die nachahmung bei den affen (Macacus rhesus) (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 16 (1929), S. 1-25 
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    Vergleichende histologie der hautorgane bei den chloraemiden (polychaeta). (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 16 (1929), S. 26-48 
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    Zum ductus genito-intestinalis-problem. I. Über primäre geschlechtstrakt-darmverbindungen bei rhabdocoelen turbellarien. (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 16 (1929), S. 49-73 
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    Die vorderextremitat von opisthocomus cristatus (vieillot) (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 16 (1929), S. 113-233 
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    Über die biologie der passaluskäfer (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 16 (1929), S. 74-100 
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    Zur vergleichenden anatomie des zentralnervensystems der opisthobranchier (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 16 (1929), S. 101-112 
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    Untersuchungen an niptus hololeucus fald. Teil I: Morphologie und biologie (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 16 (1929), S. 234-372 
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    Untersuchungen zur lebensweise und bekämpfung der zwiebelfliege (Hylemyia antiqua meigen). II. Teil. Morphologie und biologie (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 363-422 
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    Die bakteriensymbiose der trypetiden (Diptera). (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 481-523 
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    Einiges über die kopulation bei aturus scaber und Midea orbiculata (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 474-480 
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    On the gross morphologie of acrobeles (acrobeles) crossotus N. SP. (rhabditidae, nematodes) found in diseased bulbs of iris tingitana boiss. and reut. with remarks on its ecology and life cycle (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 547-558 
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    Personliche erwiderung auf wetzel's kritik an meiner bearbeitung der gattung metopus (Infusoria Heterotricha). (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 723-734 
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    Functional morphology of the ovipositor in Megarhyssa atrata (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) and its penetration into wood (1999)
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    Zoomorphology 119 (1999), S. 73-79 
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    Notes: Abstract  Megarhyssa atrata (Pimplinae) is the largest species known amongst Hymenoptera. In its natural habitat, North America, it is a strict parasito¨ıd of Tremex columba (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Siricidae). The para- site infests xylophagous host larvae buried in wood. The present work describes the complex movements of the ovipositor during oviposition and its flexibility ensuring the positioning of the stylus at the site of boring. These movements are made possible by the unfolding of the intersegmentary membranes (equipped with a secretory internal surface) and by the full rotation of abdominal segments 8 and 9. During this rotation, the stylus of the ovipositor pushes and extends the membranes completely which, as a result, form a translucent disc measuring 2 cm in diameter. The entry of the stylus into wood is helped by another secretion produced at the tip of the valvulae. This lytic secretion destroys wood fibers. With this set of adaptations, the hymenopteran can bore into a thickness of hard wood and reach its host larvae at a depth of 14 cm.
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    Stellate cells in the Malpighian tubules of Drosophila hydei and D. melanogaster larvae (Insecta, Diptera) (1999)
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    Zoomorphology 119 (1999), S. 63-71 
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    Notes: Abstract  The Malpighian tubules of Drosophila hydei and D. melanogaster larvae are composed of two types of cell, principal cells and stellate cells. In the anterior larval Malpighian tubules approximately 26% (D. hydei) and 18% (D. melanogaster), respectively, of all cells are stellate cells. In the larvae of D. melanogaster, the stellate cells are fenestrated and the hemolymph space and tubule lumen are separated only by the basal lamina. Injection of dyes into the hemolymph did not indicate any facilitated transfer of substances through the fenestrated cells. The principal cells of the distal segment are carbonic anhydrase positive indicating transport activity, whereas the stellate cells lack this enzyme. In the stellate cells of the transitional segment, the sodium content is strikingly high in comparison to the neighbouring principal cells and lumen where no sodium was detected. This finding indicates that stellate cells reabsorb sodium as supposed earlier in 1969 by Berridge and Oschman (Tissue Cell 1:247–272).
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    Zur frage der verwandtschaft zwischen melaniiden und cerithiiden (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 14 (1929), S. 261-337 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung In vorstehenden Ausführungen wird eine Gesamtanatomie von Melanopsis dufourei Fér. gegeben. Dieselbe ist mit Ausnahme des Nervensystems, das Bouvier untersuchte, erstmalig. Von Cerithium vulgatum Brug. gilt dasselbe. Die in der Literatur über these Art sick findenden Angaben sind geprüft und teilweise ergänzt worden. Bei den Untersuchungen hat rich gezeigt, daß beide Tiere sowohl in ihrem äußeren Bau als auch in den inneren Organen fast völlig überein-stirnmen. Nur das Nervensystem weist tiefgehende Unterschiede auf, indem es bei Melanopsis dufourei Fér. zygoneur, bei Cerithium vulgatum Brug. dagegen vollkommen dialyneur ist. Indessen wurde dargelegt, daß auch these Schwierigkeit durch die sick innerhalb beider Familien zeigende Entwicklung des Nervensystems von der dialyneuren zur zygoneuren Form zu beseitigen ist. Wenn these Möglichkeit nicht bestanden hätte, dann wäre es nicht zu begreifen, wie die zwei Gruppen in so zahlreichen Punkten übereinstimmen könnten. Die vielen Paralleler-scheinungen zwischen Melaniiden und Cerithiiden, sowohl was den äußeren Bau als auch die inneren Organe einschließlich der Anordnung des Nervensystems betrifft, sind so auffallend, daß she meines Erachtens nur für eine Verwandtschaft beider Familien sprechen können. Dazu leiten sich die SüBwasserformen, die beide ausgebildet haben, von Meeresvorfahren ab. Auch die paläontologischen Befunde stimmen am besten zu dieser Auffassung. Vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Zoologischen Institut der Universität Frankfurt a. M. ausgeführt. Ich möchte es nicht unterlassen. den Förderern meiner Arbeit auch an dieser Stelle den besten Dank auszusprechen. In erster Linie bin ich Herrn Geh. Beg.-Rat Prof. Dr. O. zur Strassen für die Stellung des Themas und Leitung der Arbeit zu Dank verpflichtet. Dann möchte ich aber auch nicht verfehlen, Herrn Dr. Fr. Haas, Kustos am Senckenberg-Museum, für die Überlassung eines Teiles des von ihm gesammelten Materials von Melanopsis dufourei Fér. und für mancherlei Winke, die er mir bei meinen Untersuchungen gab, meinen Dank auszusprechen. Außerdem bleibt mir noch die angenehme Pflicht, Herrn C. Faust aus Barcelona und Herrn Luis Pardo vom Hydrobiologischen Institut zu Valencia für die Zusendung frischen Materials von Melanopsis dufourei Fér. und der var. graëllsi zu danken. Schließlich babe ich auch den Herren Assistenten des hiesigen Zoologischen Institutes, Herrn Priv.-Doz. Dr. Wülker, Herrn Dr. Kuhl and Herrn Dr. W. E. Ankel, jetzt Assistent am Zoologischen Institut der Universität Gießen, zu danken. Herrn Dr. Kemmerzell bin ich für die freundliche Unterstützung bei der Anfertigung der photographischen Aufnahmen sehr verbunden.
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    Ökologische studien an gasterosteus aculeatus (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 14 (1929), S. 360-399 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung der Beobachtungen über die Kämpfe 1. Mit Beginn der Brutzeit und dem Auftreten des Brutkleides werden die Stichlingsmännchen gegen ihresgleichen and die Weibchen sehr unduldsam; sie Bind immer bereit, andere Stichlinge zu stoßen und zu beißen. 2. Auch die Weibchen beißen sich gegenseitig, wenigstens in kleinen Aquarien. 3. Den Besitz eines Nistreviers (Aquariums) verteidigen die Männchen in der Regel außerordentlich hartnäckig ; eindringende andere Männchen werden sofort angegriffen und ziehen beim Kampf meist den Kürzeren. 4. Sehr hartnäckig wird das Nest und besonders das mit Eiern oder Brut versehene verteidigt. Ein Eier bewachendes Mannchen konnte nie von einem andern von seinen Eiern vertrieben werden. 5. Haben zwei Männchen ihre Reviere nebeneinander, so beobachten sie einander scharf and messen immer wieder ihre Kräfte durch gegenseitige Angriffe. Dabei versetzen sie einander Stöße mit der Schnauze. 6. Wird ein wehrhaftes Männchen in das Revier eines andern gesetzt, so jagt dieses den Eindringling in voller Erregung, wird aber auch selber gejagt. Die Tiere suchen einander zu fassen, indem sie in blitzschnellen Spiralwindungen umeinander schwimmen. 7. Die Kampfkraft läßt wahrscheinlicb im Verlaufe der Brutzeit in Aquarien nach. 8. Wahrscheinlich bestimmen aucb individuelle Momente die Größe der Kampfkraft.
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    Biologische untersuchungen an coprophagen lamellicorniern. I. Nahrungserwerb und eortpelanzungsbiologie der gattung Scarabaeus L. (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 14 (1929), S. 531-613 
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    Über die hautzeichnungen bei vögeln und die evolutionstheoretische bedeutung des fehlens artspezifischer zeichnungen in der verdeckten haut der warmblüter (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 14 (1929), S. 630-698 
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    Die Symbiose der Lagriiden (Coleoptera) (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 1-34 
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    Studien über Ökologie und Geographie der Diplopoden Hauptsächlich der Ostalpen (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 35-89 
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    Die Hypnose bei Forficula Auricularia L. (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 109-155 
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    Die Ernährung Einiger Trichuroideen (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 192-212 
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    Weitere Beiträge zur Biologie der Araneen, Insbesondere zur Kenntnis des Radnetzbaues (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 262-308 
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    Weitere beitrage zur biologie Mediterraner Ameisen (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 423-446 
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    Morphologische untersuchungen über die variationen und die abnormitäten des kopulationsapparates intersexueller weibchen von Lymantria dispar L. (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 447-458 
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    Beitrag zur kenntnis des stinkapparates von Cimex lectularius L. (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 524-546 
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    Zur morphologie des geschlechtsapparats der lepidopteren (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 459-473 
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    Berichtigung (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 546-546 
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    Eingeschleppte tiers in berliner gewächshäusern (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 674-704 
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    Über den begattungsvorgang bei einigen arrhenurus-arten (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 705-722 
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    Biologische reisestudien in südamerika. XV. Zur ökologie der grossen nager des gran chaco und seiner grenzgebiete (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 755-785 
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    Die heutige verbreitung einzelner tierarten im lichte der erdgeschichtlichen vergangenheidt. (Besonders der zecken dermacentor reticulatus auct. und hyalomma margiatatum koch.) (1929)
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    Zoomorphology 15 (1929), S. 735-754 
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    Periodic points for actions of tori in Stein manifolds (1999)
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    Mathematische Annalen 314 (1999), S. 39-52 
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    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):32M05, 32S20, 32A27, 58F08
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    Involutions on moduli spaces and refinements of the Verlinde formula (1999)
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    Mathematische Annalen 314 (1999), S. 291-326 
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    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):14H60
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    Dynamics of polynomial skew products on ${\bf C}^2$ (1999)
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    Mathematische Annalen 314 (1999), S. 403-447 
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    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):32H50, 58F23, 58F15
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    The Weierstrass approximation theorem for maps between real algebraic varieties (1999)
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    Mathematische Annalen 314 (1999), S. 601-612 
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    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):14P05, 14P25
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    Zeros of Eisenstein series, quadratic class numbers and supersingularity for rational function fields (1999)
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    Mathematische Annalen 314 (1999), S. 175-196 
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    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):11G09, 11F03
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    Commutative subrings of certain non-associative rings (1999)
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    Mathematische Annalen 314 (1999), S. 265-283 
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    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):11E25, 11E76
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    Topological entropy in exact $C^*$ -algebras (1999)
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    Mathematische Annalen 314 (1999), S. 347-367 
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    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):46L55, 46L40, 28D20
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    Noncommutative algebraic models for fiber squares (1999)
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    Mathematische Annalen 314 (1999), S. 449-467 
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    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):18G55, 55P99, 55R05, 55R20, 55T20, 55U35, 57T30, 57T35
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    Operations on locally free classgroups (1999)
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    Mathematische Annalen 314 (1999), S. 667-702 
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    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):11R33, 19A31, 11R29
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    DNA conformation and dynamics (1999)
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    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 23-29 
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    Notes: Abstract Nucleotide conformation and dynamics are important for the study of radiation damage to DNA at the atomic level. It is necessary to study not only normal oligonucleotide structure but also those containing modified bases which result from interaction with OH-radicals. There are now over 8000 atomic coordinate entries in the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank, of which over 900 relate to experimentally determined structures of nucleic acids and nucleic acid/protein complexes. We review some of these data which have led to the elucidation of novel DNA conformations, insight into DNA sequence specificity and knowledge of protein/DNA interactions. Further understanding of the conformation, stability and dynamics of nucleic acids has come from molecular modelling. We have used such techniques to study chemical modifications to bases such as alkylation of thymine and guanine and the effects of curvature in longer sequences. Recent improvements in this area include the inclusions of explicit counter-ions and solvent molecules, the use of Particle Mesh Ewald methods to incorporate the long-range electrostatic interactions and the use of longer time scale simulations. We have employed these methods to analyse the effects of incorporation of 8-oxodeoxyguanosine into duplex DNA. This lesion is a common result of radiation damage and is known to have important effects in mutagenesis, cancer and ageing.
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    3rd Annual Meeting of the German Society for Biological Radiation Research (Gesellschaft für Biologische Strahlenforschung) (1999)
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    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 72-72 
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    Formation of single- and double-strand breaks of pBR322 plasmid irradiated in the presence of scavengers (1999)
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    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 105-109 
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    Notes: Abstract  By the method of gel electrophoresis, radiation-induced DNA single- and double-strand breaks (SSB, DSB) were studied with a model system of pBR322 solution in vitro in the presence of ·OH radical scavengers, mannitol and TE (10–2 mol dm–3 Tris and 10–3 mol dm–3 ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid). Experiments showed that SSB resulted from one-hit events of radiation energy deposition and DSB resulted from both one-hit and two-hit energy deposition events and so were distinguished into two classes of αDSB and βDSB. Moreover, α/β, where α is the number of DSB per unit dose induced in one irradiation event and β the number of DSB per unit squared dose induced by the combination of two independent SSB, was related to the scavenging capacity, σ, and for σ〉108 s–1,αDSB predominate over DSB. On the other hand, if σ〈2×108 s–1, the measured G(αDSB) decreased in parallel with G(SSB), i.e., G(αDSB)/G(SSB) was a constant. When σ〉2×108 s–1, G(αDSB) decreased slightly so that the ratio of αDSB to SSB evidently increased. Therefore, αDSB could be induced by the radical transfer mechanism for σ〈2×108 s–1 and contrarily produced by the local multiply damaged sites (LMDS) mechanism for σ larger than this value. In addition, the distance for two independent complementary SSB forming a DSB was deduced, but no apparent variation of it was found in the wide σ range from ∼105 to ∼109 s–1, which shows that the DNA steric structure was not influenced by mannitol.
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    Repair of cellular radiation damage in space under microgravity conditions (1999)
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    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 133-138 
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    Notes: Abstract  The influence of microgravity on the repair of x-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks was studied in the temperature-conditional repair mutant rad54–3 of diploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cells were exposed on the ground and kept at a low temperature until microgravity conditions were achieved. In orbit, they were incubated at the permissive temperature to allow repair. Before re-entry they were again cooled down and kept at a low temperature until final analysis. The experiment, which was flown on the shuttle Atlantis on flight STS-76 (SMM-03), showed that repair of pre-formed DNA double-strand breaks in yeast is not impaired by microgravity.
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    The track structures of ionizing particles and their application to radiation biophysics (1999)
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    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 175-184 
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    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Keywords: Key words Alpha particle ; Deuteron ; Proton ; Biophysical modeling ; Radiation quality influence ; Bacillus subtilis ; DNA density ; Monte Carlo calculations
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    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  A new approach to the interpretation of the effects of radiation on cells is described, in which sample particle tracks are constructed using a Monte Carlo computer program and the exposure of cellular targets to these tracks is simulated using a second program known as BIOPHYS. Data on the shapes and DNA contents of the cell nuclei are obtained from the literature. It is assumed that the sensitive material is DNA, and that the target is divided into cubes of approximately 2 nm (the diameter of the DNA helix) per side; the numbers of these cubes containing different numbers of ionizations are derived. Two different methods of analysing the output of BIOPHYS are described. In the first, it is assumed that lethality is caused by the occurrence of a number of ionizations equal to or greater than a certain threshold in one cube; in the second method, it is assumed that only two ionizations are required, in different parts of the cube, but that only some fraction of the cube is sensitive. These models have been applied to the interpretation of the variation of radiosensitivity with a linear energy transfer (LET) of spores of Bacillus subtilis exposed wet and dry, and good fits to the published experimental data were obtained using both models. Fits to experimental data for a range of other cell lines will be presented in a second paper.
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    Practical aspects of Monte Carlo simulation of charged particle transport: Mixed algorithms and variance reduction techniques (1999)
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    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 15-22 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with the practical implementation of Monte Carlo simulation methods for charged particle transport. The emphasis is on light particles (electrons and positrons) because of the larger scattering and energy straggling effects. Differential cross sections (DCS) for the various interaction mechanisms are described. As the average number of interactions along the particle track increases with the initial energy, detailed simulation becomes unfeasible at high energies. We can then rely on mixed simulation algorithms: hard events (i.e. individual interactions with angular deflection or energy loss larger than given cutoff values) are sampled from the DCS whereas soft events are simulated by means of a multiple scattering approach. Too frequently, the statistical uncertainty of analogue simulation (i.e. strict simulation of the physical interaction process) is found to be so large that results are meaningless. This problem can be partially solved by applying simple variance reduction techniques.
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    Synthetic activity of rat blood lymphocytes under acute and continuous gamma-irradiation – fluorescent microspectral study (1999)
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    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 49-56 
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    Notes: Abstract The effects of different doses of acute and continuous gamma-irradiation on the synthetic activity of rat blood lymphocytes stained with acridine orange were studied by fluorescent microspectrometry. Male rats were exposed to acute gamma-irradiation with doses of 7.5, 4 and 3 Gy, or to continuous irradiation with dose rates of 14.4, 2.1, 1.1 and 0.43 cGy/day, respectively. The changes of the synthetic activity of blood lymphocytes occurred in three main stages after acute gamma-irradiation and in four stages under continuous irradiation. The stages reflect the processes of depression and activation of the immune system under irradiation. Essential differences between the acute and continuous effects were observed in the first stage. After acute gamma-irradiation, the synthetic activity decreased sharply, indicating the predominant contribution of the damaging effect of irradiation, whereas under continuous irradiation, as a result of the stimulatory effect of low-dose irradiation, the synthetic activity increased during the first stage.
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    Radon-induced lung cancer in smokers and non-smokers: risk implications using a two-mutation carcinogenesis model (1999)
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    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 57-71 
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    Notes: Abstract Three sets of data (population statistics in non-smokers, data from an investigation of the smoking habits of British doctors and a study of Colorado uranium miners) were used to analyse lung cancer in humans as a function of exposure to radon and smoking. One of the aims was to derive implications for radon risk estimates. The data were analysed using a two-mutation radiation carcinogenesis model and a stepwise determination of the model parameters. The basic model parameters for lung cancer were derived from the age dependence fit of the spontaneous lung cancer incidence in non-smokers. The effect of smoking was described by two additional parameters and, subsequently, the effect of radon by three other parameters; these five parameters define the dependence of the two mutation steps on smoking and exposure to radon. Using this approach, a consistent fit and comprehensive description of the three sets of data have been achieved, and the parameters could, at least partly, be related to cellular radiobiological data. The model results explain the different effect of radon on non-smokers and smokers as seen in epidemiological data. Although the analysis was only applied to a limited number of populations, lung cancer incidence as a result of radon exposure is estimated to be about ten times higher for people exposed at the age of about 15 than at about 50, although this effect is masked (especially for smokers) by the high lung cancer incidence from smoking. Using the model to calculate the lung cancer risks from lifetime exposure to radon, as is the case for indoor radon, higher risks were estimated than previously derived from epidemiological studies of the miners' data. The excess absolute risk per unit exposure of radon is about 1.7 times higher for smokers of 30 cigarettes per day than for non-smokers, even though, as a result of the low spontaneous tumour incidence in the non-smokers, the excess relative risk per unit exposure for the smokers is about 20 times lower than for the non-smokers. This prediction could have serious consequences for the transfer of risk estimates between populations. Although the solution of the model presented here is not unique but dependent on the model assumptions, the predictions and risk implications are sufficiently supported to justify a thorough investigation of the applicability of the model to other radon data sets.
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    A Monte Carlo code for positive ion track simulation (1999)
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    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 97-104 
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    Notes: Abstract  An ion interaction model has been described for simulating positive ion tracks in a variety of media with the capability of interfacing with several secondary electron transport codes. Data are presented for single- and double-differential cross-sections, binding energies, probability density distribution for delocalisation parameters for conductors and tissue, branching ratios and ionisation efficiencies for water vapour and liquid water.
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    Biological effects of ion beams in Nicotiana tabacum L. (1999)
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    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 111-115 
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    Notes: Abstract  The biological effects of ion beams on Nicotiana tabacum L., particularly the induction of chromosome aberrations, were investigated. Dry seeds were exposed to 12C5+, 4He2+ and 1H+ beams with linear energy transfer (LET) ranging from 1 to 111 keV/µm and irradiated with gamma-rays. Ion beams were more effective in reducing germination and survival of the seeds than gamma-rays. The LD50 for 12C5+ beams, 4He2+ beams and gamma-rays were 35, 60 and 500 Gy, respectively. The frequencies of mitotic cells with chromosome aberrations, such as chromosome bridges, acentric fragments and lagging chromosomes in the root tip cells of the exposed seeds, increased linearly with increasing doses. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values, based on the doses that induced a survival inhibition of 50% and a 10% frequency of aberrant cells, were 14.3–17.5 for the 12C5+ beams, 7.0–8.3 for the 4He2+ beams and 7.8 for the 1H+ beams. Furthermore, the relative ratios of the chromosome aberration types were significantly different between the ion beam and the gamma-ray regimes: chromosome fragments were more frequent in the former, and chromosome bridges in the latter. Based on these results, we concluded that the repair process of initial lesions induced by ion beams may be different from that induced by low- LET radiation.
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    Condensed-history Monte-Carlo simulation for charged particles: what can it do for us? (1999)
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    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 163-173 
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    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Keywords: Key words Charged particles ; Electron transport scheme ; Microdosimetry ; Monte Carlo simulation ; Radiation dosimetry ; Radiotherapy ; Track structure
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    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Condensed-history (CH) Monte-Carlo (MC) groups together the vast number of individual charged-particle collisions using multiple scattering theory for elastic angular changes and stopping power for energy losses. CH codes such as EGS4 have been enormously successful in simulating the transport of electrons, for example, in radiotherapy. MC-derived values of the water-to-air stopping-power ratio, s w/air, are used in all modern codes of practice for absolute dose determination in radiotherapy clinics. MC can also directly yield the dose ratio D med/D det for a dosimeter in a medium, and Correlated Sampling has been exploited to increase the efficiency, e. g., the central electrode in an ion chamber (aluminium vs. graphite). The extremely low density of the gas in an ion chamber poses problems for CH codes. However, multiple scattering can now be combined with single scattering and is expected to finally resolve important chamber perturbation effects. An exciting application of CH MC in radiotherapy is the computation of dose distributions in patients. Currently one can achieve an uncertainty around 1% (1 SD) in mm-sized voxels in several minutes for an electron beam and in around an hour for a photon treatment plan on hardware costing less than $20,000, and thus avoid all the various approximations conventionally used to account for inhomogeneities. In the microdosimetry/track structure field, CH codes have shown that the fluence (dΦ/dE) per unit dose at low electron energies is virtually independent of incident particle energy or depth, which simply explains the negligible RBE variation.
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    Estimation of the target stem-cell population size in chronic myeloid leukemogenesis (1999)
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    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 201-206 
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    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Keywords: Key words Cancer risk modelling ; Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) incidence ; CML target stem cells ; genome translocation ; Low-dose exposure ; Radiation-induced CML
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Estimation of the number of hematopoietic stem cells capable of causing chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is relevant to the development of biologically based risk models of radiation-induced CML. Through a comparison of the age structure of CML incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and the age structure of chromosomal translocations found in healthy subjects, the number of CML target stem cells is estimated for individuals above 20 years of age. The estimation involves three steps. First, CML incidence among adults is fit to an exponentially increasing function of age. Next, assuming a relatively short waiting time distribution between BCR-ABL induction and the appearance of CML, an exponential age function with rate constants fixed to the values found for CML is fitted to the translocation data. Finally, assuming that translocations are equally likely to occur between any two points in the genome, the parameter estimates found in the first two steps are used to estimate the number of target stem cells for CML. The population-averaged estimates of this number are found to be 1.86×108 for men and 1.21×108 for women; the 95% confidence intervals of these estimates are (1.34×108, 2.50×108) and (0.84×108, 1.83×108), respectively.
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    Announcement (1999)
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    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 219-219 
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    Tumor therapy and track structure (1999)
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    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 229-237 
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    Keywords: Key words Ions ; Tumor therapy ; RBE ; Track structure ; Treatment planning ; Carbon beam
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    Notes: Abstract  The elevated relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of heavy ions like carbon is the main reason for their use in radiotherapy and is due to the microscopic distribution of dose inside each particle track. High local doses produce lesions that are expected to have a diminished possibility of repair. Thus, RBE depends on track structure and on the biological repair capacity of the tissue that is affected by the irradiation. For tumor treatment planning with heavy ions, the beam quality and the tissue sensitivity have to be taken into account. Using the dependence of radial dose distribution on particle energy and atomic number on the physical side and x-ray dose response for the repair capacity on the biological side, the response to particle irradiation can be calculated in the local effect model (LEM) and used for treatment planning. This article traces the route from electron emission as the basis of track structure to the RBE calculation and the application in treatment planning.
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    Effect of lithium on thyroidal 131iodine uptake, its clearance, and circulating levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in lead-treated rats (1999)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Keywords: Key words Iodine uptake ; Lead ; Lithium ; Rats ; Thyroid ; Thyroid hormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The influence of lead acetate (50 mg per kg body weight) on the 131iodine (131I) biokinetics (uptake and retention) in rat thyroid and serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3) as well as thyroxine (T4) was evaluated as a function of time and in combination with lithium treatment. The 2-h and 24-h uptake of 131I in the thyroid was stimulated significantly by lead treatment. The 24-h uptake showed a maximum stimulation after 4 months of lead treatment. Lithium supplementation, however, showed the opposite effect by reducing the iodine uptake, whereby the maximum decrease was noticed after 2 months of treatment. Further, simultaneous lead and lithium treatment resulted in an even more pronounced increase of 2-h 131I uptake with a maximum after 3 months. However, the 24-h uptake after 3 months and 4 months of treatment did not differ significantly from the lead treated reference groups. The thyroidal biological half-life of 131I (Tbiol) was found to have clearly increased following the lead/lithium treatment. Interestingly, the combined lead/lithium treatment applied for 4 months caused a further growth of Tbiol, thus reflecting an increased retention of 131I. A maximum increase of Tbiol was seen after 2 months of combined treatment. A progressive decline of the circulating T3 and T4 levels following lead or lithium treatment was noticed and was more pronounced after combined treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004110050166
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    A Parametric Estimation Approach for Groove Dimensioning Using Remote Field Eddy Current Inspection (1999)
    Springer
    Research in nondestructive evaluation 11 (1999), S. 39-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2110
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract. The remote field eddy current technique is used for dimensioning grooves that may occur in ferromagnetic pipes. We propose a method to estimate the depth and the length of corrosion grooves from the measurement of a pick-up coil signal phase at different positions close to the defect. Groove dimensioning needs the knowledge of the physical relation between measurements and defect dimensions; therefore, finite-element calculations are performed to obtain a parametric algebraic function of the physical phenomena. The parameters of this model function are obtained by an optimization technique. By means of this model and a previously defined general approach, an estimate of groove size may be given. In this approach, algebraic function parameters and groove dimensions are linked through a polynomial function. To validate this estimation procedure, a statistical study has been performed. The approach is proved to be suitable for real measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003913
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    Nondestructive Evaluation of Microcracks in Ceramics with Controlled Probability of False Alarm (1999)
    Springer
    Research in nondestructive evaluation 11 (1999), S. 15-24 
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    ISSN: 1432-2110
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract. In this paper we present a complete detection scheme for ultrasonic crack detection in wet ceramics by means of ultrasonic nondestructive techniques. The detection scheme is based on a previous statistical characterization of the ultrasonic grain noise. In these previous works we obtained that the ultrasonic grain noise can be modeled as a K -noise [1, 2]. From this characterization we will prove that the expression of the probability of false alarm (PFA) obtained for a detector of Gaussian envelope pulses over K -noise using the Wigner-Ville Transform (WVT) proposed in reference [3] is valid for the real problem of ultrasonic microcrack detection in wet ceramics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003911
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    Nondestructive Determination of the Elastic Anisotropy in Aluminum—SiC and —Al 2 O 3 Metal—Matrix Composites (1999)
    Springer
    Research in nondestructive evaluation 11 (1999), S. 1-13 
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    ISSN: 1432-2110
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract. Process control is becoming increasingly important to the high performance applications of aluminum metal—matrix composites. Most processing conditions of metal—matrix composites introduce a degree of anisotropy that results in the directional dependence of material properties. Aluminum alloys reinforced with up to 20 volume % silicon-carbide or alumina particles are examined using ultrasonic velocity measurements. The measurements indicate that these composites are transversely isotropic and thus their elastic properties can be described by the five independent elastic constants C 11 , C 33 , C 44 , C 12 , and C 23 . Anisotropy parameters are determined assuming either a preferred alignment of the matrix crystallites or a preferred alignment of the reinforcement. Comparing measured and theoretical anisotropy parameters for partially aligned reinforcement or for texture shows that neither is the single contributor to anisotropy in the composite material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003910
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    Nondestructive Characterization of Adhesive Joint Durability Using Ultrasonic Reflection Measurements (1999)
    Springer
    Research in nondestructive evaluation 11 (1999), S. 81-95 
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    ISSN: 1432-2110
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract. The present work investigates the durability of two commercial epoxy adhesives nondestructively using ultrasonic reflection measurements from the interfacial region between the adhesive and the adherend. This method, which is primarily sensitive to the interfacial properties, employs a new specimen geometry that overcomes the drawbacks of the conventional closed adhesive sandwich. The interfacial region was modeled using the spring boundary conditions. The normal and tangential spring constants were determined, as a function of degradation, from normal-incidence longitudinal and shear-wave measurements. Obliquely incident shear-wave measurements were also performed using a newly developed dual-element PVDF transducer. An efficient angular spectrum approach was developed to model the oblique-incidence measurement system, and the predictions of the model were compared with measurements for various levels of degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003915
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    Ultrasonic Wave Scattering by a Line Crack in a Solder Joint (1999)
    Springer
    Research in nondestructive evaluation 11 (1999), S. 117-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2110
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract. A numerical procedure for the solution of a wave propagation problem in a solder joint with a line crack in its base layer is presented. The two-dimensional ``in-plane'' wave propagation problem for a finite, multilayered body with a line crack in one of the layers is solved by the combined usage of the displacement and the traction BIEM. The discretization of the boundary with parabolic elements far from the crack edge and with quarter-point crack-tip boundary elements containing the correct $O(\sqrt{r})$ behavior for displacement variations at the crack edge is used. Numerical results for a solder joint with real geometry and physical properties are presented. The relations between the wave scattering problems, the solder joint fatigue state estimation, and the reliability and quality of electronic packages is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003917
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    Practical Shear Wave Lens Design for Improved Resolution with Acoustic Microscope (1999)
    Springer
    Research in nondestructive evaluation 11 (1999), S. 97-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2110
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper presents a practical new lens design for acoustic microscopy. The new lens provides a factor-of-2 higher resolution than currently available commercial lenses for acoustic microscopy, and a reduction in the influence of surface roughness on the image formation. Analysis, computer simulations, and demonstration examples provide convincing evidence that new lens design works efficiently. Whereas most current lens designs emphasize the use of longitudinal waves, the designs presented here focus on the use of transverse or shear waves. In the present study, two kinds of lens designs have been developed: One is a ``center-sealed'' acoustic lens used at the center frequency of 400 MHz and 1 GHz for use with acoustic tone bursts, and the other is a ``high-NA acoustic lens'' used in the center frequency of 30 MHz for use with short pulses. The center-sealed acoustic lens has its center area aperture sealed to prevent longitudinal waves from traveling into the sample so that the acoustic image is substantially composed of shear wave components. The ``high-NA'' acoustic lens has an aperture with a large aperture angle for exciting shear waves in the object. In this study, the mechanisms of image formation with both of these lenses are described and their features are evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003916
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    Semigroup Varieties and Semigroup Algebras (1999)
    Springer
    Semigroup forum 59 (1999), S. 461-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2137
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002339900064
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    On Existence Varieties of E-solid Semigroups (1999)
    Springer
    Semigroup forum 59 (1999), S. 470-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2137
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: E -solid semigroups, a theory of e-varieties including appropriate notions of biidentities and biinvariant congruences is presented, such that, together with bifree objects, these notions inherit the properties and interrelations well known from universial algebra. This theory generalizes the previously developed such theory for orthodox semigroups. As an application, the bifree objects in certain e-varieties of E-solid locally orthodox semigroups, which are constructed by means of Malcev products from a varities of bands, groups and completely simple semigroups, are described as subsemigroups in suitable Pastijn products of some bands by relatively bifree completely simple semigroups. As a consequence, it follows that every regular E-solid locally orthodox semigroup regularly divides a so-called solid Pastijn product of a band by a completely simple semigroup.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002339900066
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    On equalizer-flat acts (1999)
    Springer
    Semigroup forum 58 (1999), S. 5-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2137
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: S : a right S-act A is strongly flat if and only if the functor A\otimes- (from the category of left S-acts into the category of sets) preserves both pullbacks and equalizers. Stenström gave two interpolation-type conditions whose conjunction describes strong flatness. In 1986, P. Normak studied these conditions separately, lablelling them (P) and (E), and investigated their relation to different types of flatness. Bulman-Fleming, in 1991, showed that pullback flatness and strong flatness actually coincide, and several papers have appeared in which condition (P) is discussed. To date, little work has been done on equalizer flat acts. This paper gives some new results connecting condition (E) and equalizer flatness, concentrating on situations in which the two coincide. A description is given of the completely simple and completely 0-simple semigroups (with 1 adjoined) over which this occurs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005996
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    On existence varieties of E-solid semigroups (1999)
    Springer
    Semigroup forum 58 (1999), S. 17-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2137
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: E -solid semigroups, a theory of e-varieties including appropriate notions of biidentities and biinvariant congruences is presented, such that, together with bifree objects, these notions inherit the properties and interrelations well known from universal algebra. This theory generalizes the previously developed such theory for orthodox semigroups. As an application, the bifree objects in certain e-varieties of E-solid locally orthodox semigroups, which are constructed by means of Malcev products from varieties of bands, groups and completely simple semigroups, are described as subsemigroups in suitable Pastijn products of some bands by relatively bifree completely simple semigroups. As a consequence, it follows that every regular E-solid locally orthodox semigroup regularly divides a so-called solid Pastijn product of a band by a completely simple semigroup.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005995
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    Transitive actions of semigroups in semi-simple Lie groups (1999)
    Springer
    Semigroup forum 58 (1999), S. 142-151 
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    ISSN: 1432-2137
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: G be a connected semi-simple Lie group with finite center and S⊂G a semigroup with interior points. It is proved that S is transitive on a homogenous space G/L only if the action of L on B is minimal and contracting, where B=G/Pis the flag manifold of G asssociated with S. In [5, Thm.6.4] the authors claimed another necessary condition in case G is simple, namely, that L is discrete. It is shown by means of an example that this condition is wrong without the further assumption that G/L is compact.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002339900004
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    Fundamentals of Semigroup Theory by John M. Howie (1999)
    Springer
    Semigroup forum 58 (1999), S. 156-158 
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    ISSN: 1432-2137
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002339900006
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    Spectral theory and generator property for one-sided coupled operator matrices (1999)
    Springer
    Semigroup forum 58 (1999), S. 267-295 
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    ISSN: 1432-2137
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: operator matrix . We introduce a new class of unbounded operator matrices corresponding to these equations and study the spectral theory, compute the adjoint and analyze the generator property of its elements. The abstract results arre illustrated by a series of applications.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002339900020
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    Representation of Finite Lattices by Annihilators of Completely 0-Simple Semigroups (1999)
    Springer
    Semigroup forum 59 (1999), S. 121-125 
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    ISSN: 1432-2137
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: L the explicit construction of a 0-simple Rees matrix semigroup is suggested such that the lattice of left annihilators of this semigroup is isomorphic to L.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002339900025
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