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  • 1
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    Springer
    Meccanica 32 (1997), S. 555-565 
    ISSN: 1572-9648
    Keywords: Spacecraft dynamics ; Optimal control ; Hamilton principle ; Vibrations (structures)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Modern space vehicles structure requisites are getting more and more stringent and complex as mission tasks become more sophisticated. This leads to the necessity of developing analysis methods that take into account structure flexibility and the need of reducing manoeuvre time as much as possible. In this work, a method based on the Hamilton Principle in its weak mixed form is developed, in which co-ordinates derivatives do not appear, but only their virtual variations. The proposed formulation is able to take into account system flexibility and saturation constraints on control torques and forces. A non-linear variational condition is obtained, which can be solved by means of a time-finite-element technique to give the minimum-time solutions of the control problem. The solutions for slewing manoeuvres are given, along with a new solution of the distributed optimal control problem.
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  • 2
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    Environmental management 8 (1984), S. 309-324 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Animals ; Indicators ; Air pollution ; Ecosystem responses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract With existing and proposed air-quality regulations, ecological disasters resulting from air emissions such as those observed at Copperhill, Tennessee, and Sudbury, Ontario, are unlikely. Current air-quality standards, however, may not protect ecosystems from subacute and chronic exposure to air emissions. The encouragement of the use of coal for energy production and the development of the fossil-fuel industries, including oil shales, tar sands, and coal liquification, point to an increase and spread of fossil-fuel emissions and the potential to influence a number of natural ecosystems. This paper reviews the reported responses of ecosystems to air-borne pollutants and discusses the use of animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to these pollutants. Animal species and populations can act as important indicators of biotic and abiotic responses of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. These responses can indicate long-term trends in ecosystem health and productivity, chemical cycling, genetics, and regulation. For short-term trends, fish and wildlife also serve as monitors of changes in community structure, signaling food-web contamination, as well as providing a measure of ecosystem vitality. Information is presented to show not only the importance of animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to air-quality degradation, but also their value as air-pollution indices, that is, as air-quality-related values (AQRV), required in current air-pollution regulation.
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  • 3
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    Journal of mathematical biology 35 (1997), S. 775-792 
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Key words: Chemotherapy ; HIV ; Optimal control ; Ordinary differential equation system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract.  Using an existing ordinary differential equation model which describes the interaction of the immune system with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we introduce chemotherapy in an early treatment setting through a dynamic treatment and then solve for an optimal chemotherapy strategy. The control represents the percentage of effect the chemotherapy has on the viral production. Using an objective function based on a combination of maximizing benefit based on T cell counts and minimizing the systemic cost of chemotherapy (based on high drug dose/strength), we solve for the optimal control in the optimality system composed of four ordinary differential equations and four adjoint ordinary differential equations.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophysis ; Rostral pars distalis ; Mugil platanus ; Animals ; Prolactin hormone secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rostral pars distalis (RPD) of the teleost Mugil platanus from animals pretreated with reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HODA) were assayed for dopamine (DA) or noradrenaline (NA) or for prolactin hormone. Such determinations were coupled with electron microscopy. It was found that reserpine and 6-HODA produced a significant decrease in the content of DA, NA, and prolactin. Electron microscope studies revealed that prolactin cells became activated as judged by ultrastructural criteria. After 6-HODA treatment type “B” neurosecretory fibers entering the RPD became selectively destroyed. These observations lead us to suggest that prolactin secretion is under inhibitory control by type “B” neurosecretory fibers of adrenergic nature.
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  • 5
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    Acta mathematicae applicatae sinica 13 (1997), S. 425-437 
    ISSN: 1618-3932
    Keywords: Optimal control ; tandem queueing system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider a two-station tandem queue with no intermediate buffer. Jobs at the first station may be blocked when the following station is occupied by another job. The objective is to control the arrival and departure processes, subject to some capacity limits, so that an expected discounted profit function is maximized. We prove that the optimal control policy is of a threshold type, and the characterization of the threshold is provided.
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  • 6
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    Mathematics of control, signals, and systems 10 (1997), S. 247-264 
    ISSN: 1435-568X
    Keywords: Descriptor systems ; Differential algebraic equations ; Optimal control ; Strangeness index ; Riccati differential-algebraic equations ; Euler-Lagrange equations ; Linear feedback
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We study linear quadratic optimal control problems for linear variable coefficient descriptor systems. Generalization from the case of standard control problems leads to several difficulties. We discuss a behavioral approach that solves some of these difficulties. Furthermore, an analysis of general rectangular systems is given and generalized Euler-Lagrange equations and Riccati differential algebraic equations are discussed.
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  • 7
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    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 10 (1997), S. 249-267 
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Keywords: Animals ; Asia ; consciousness ; Australia ; Hong Kong ; India ; Israel ; Japan ; New Zealand ; The Philippines ; Russia ; Singapore ; Thailand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The interactions between humans, animals and the environment have shaped human values and ethics, not only the genes that we are made of. The animal rights movement challenges human beings to reconsider interactions between humans and other animals, and maybe connected to the environmental movement that begs us to recognize the fact that there are symbiotic relationships between humans and all other organisms. The first part of this paper looks at types of bioethics, the implications of autonomy and the value of being alive. Then the level of consciousness of these relationships are explored in survey results from Asia and the Pacific, especially in the 1993 International Bioethics Survey conducted in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, The Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. Very few mentioned animal consciousness in the survey, but there were more biocentric comments in Australia and Japan; and more comments with the idea of harmony including humans in Thailand. Comparisons between questions and surveys will also be made, in an attempt to describe what people imagine animal consciousness to be, and whether this relates to human ethics of the relationships.
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  • 8
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 17 (1975), S. 1-42 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; calculus of variations ; quadratic control problems ; linear spaces ; conjugate points ; focal points ; Bolza problem ; Hilbert space techniques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The present paper is concerned with the study of quadratic control problems on linear spaces. In particular, we are concerned with the conditions under which a quadratic criterion function is positive on certain linear spaces. This involves the elementary theory of conjugate and focal points, the existence of a conjugate system with a nonvanishing determinant, and the existence of extremal fields. The results given are in part a translation into control language of known theory for the problem of Bolza. The method used is based on the Hilbert space techniques developed earlier by the author.
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  • 9
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 17 (1975), S. 273-278 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; existence theorems ; control theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Using a recent result due to Berkovitz, we prove the existence of an optimal control in a broad class of problems, under relatively mild conditions.
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  • 10
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 21 (1977), S. 51-57 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; linear systems ; linear-quadratic problems ; bang-bang control ; Hilbert spaces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The control of a linear system, whose performance index is the sum of a linear term and a quadratic term, is considered. A necessary and sufficient condition is given for the optimal control to be bang-bang, and this is used to extend and clarify the results of Refs. 1–2. As an illustration, an application to an elliptic boundary-value problem is given.
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  • 11
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 21 (1977), S. 487-504 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; forward dynamic programming ; differential dynamic programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The dynamic programming formulation of the forward principle of optimality in the solution of optimal control problems results in a partial differential equation with initial boundary condition whose solution is independent of terminal cost and terminal constraints. Based on this property, two computational algorithms are described. The first-order algorithm with minimum computer storage requirements uses only integration of a system of differential equations with specified initial conditions and numerical minimization in finite-dimensional space. The second-order algorithm is based on the differential dynamic programming approach. Either of the two algorithms may be used for problems with nondifferentiable terminal cost or terminal constraints, and the solution of problems with complicated terminal conditions (e.g., with free terminal time) is greatly simplified.
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  • 12
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 26 (1978), S. 463-464 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; queueing systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This comment replies to a criticism due to Klein and Gruver (Ref. 1) of our earlier paper (Ref. 2) on the application of control theory to a queueing system. The criticism concerns the state-space diagram and the table which we inadvertently gave for the terminal-reward problem, albeit incorrectly labeled, rather than for the free-endpoint problem considered in our paper. We show that the solution given by Klein and Gruver is itself incorrect and nonoptimal.
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  • 13
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 26 (1978), S. 395-425 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; numerical methods ; computing methods ; gradient methods ; gradient-restoration algorithms ; sequential gradient-restoration algorithms ; general boundary conditions ; nondifferential constraints ; bounded control ; bounded state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper considers the numerical solution of two classes of optimal control problems, called Problem P1 and Problem P2 for easy identification. Problem P1 involves a functionalI subject to differential constraints and general boundary conditions. It consists of finding the statex(t), the controlu(t), and the parameter π so that the functionalI is minimized, while the constraints and the boundary conditions are satisfied to a predetermined accuracy. Problem P2 extends Problem P1 to include nondifferential constraints to be satisfied everywhere along the interval of integration. Algorithms are developed for both Problem P1 and Problem P2. The approach taken is a sequence of two-phase cycles, composed of a gradient phase and a restoration phase. The gradient phase involves one iteration and is designed to decrease the value of the functional, while the constraints are satisfied to first order. The restoration phase involves one or more iterations and is designed to force constraint satisfaction to a predetermined accuracy, while the norm squared of the variations of the control, the parameter, and the missing components of the initial state is minimized. The principal property of both algorithms is that they produce a sequence of feasible suboptimal solutions: the functions obtained at the end of each cycle satisfy the constraints to a predetermined accuracy. Therefore, the values of the functionalI corresponding to any two elements of the sequence are comparable. The stepsize of the gradient phase is determined by a one-dimensional search on the augmented functionalJ, while the stepsize of the restoration phase is obtained by a one-dimensional search on the constraint errorP. The gradient stepsize and the restoration stepsize are chosen so that the restoration phase preserves the descent property of the gradient phase. Therefore, the value of the functionalI at the end of any complete gradient-restoration cycle is smaller than the value of the same functional at the beginning of that cycle. The algorithms presented here differ from those of Refs. 1 and 2, in that it is not required that the state vector be given at the initial point. Instead, the initial conditions can be absolutely general. In analogy with Refs. 1 and 2, the present algorithms are capable of handling general final conditions; therefore, they are suited for the solution of optimal control problems with general boundary conditions. Their importance lies in the fact that many optimal control problems involve initial conditions of the type considered here. Six numerical examples are presented in order to illustrate the performance of the algorithms associated with Problem P1 and Problem P2. The numerical results show the feasibility as well as the convergence characteristics of these algorithms.
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  • 14
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 41 (1983), S. 317-325 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; queueing theory ; phase type distributions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract For a single-server queueing system (with a finite waiting room) with phase type arrivals and exponential service times, an optimal control for the service rate is derived. This generalizes the result of Scott and Jefferson for theM/M/1/1 queueing model.
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  • 15
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 42 (1984), S. 103-141 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; realistic feedback control ; interconnected turbogenerators ; torque and voltage control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the optimal control of a system with two identical interconnected turbogenerators, which are connected to an infinite bus, is considered. The alternators are controlled through a linear feedback of the state variables. The feedback parameters are obtained by solving a nonlinear, two-point boundary-value problem. The values obtained for these parameters depend on the strength and duration of the disturbance, since the model is nonlinear, contrary to the usual feedback control of a linear model. In contrast to the model used in Ref. 1, the model used here includes the transfer function of the governors, the turbines, and the voltage regulators.
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  • 16
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 42 (1984), S. 467-485 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; hyperbolic partial differential equations ; Darboux boundary conditions ; strong variational algorithm ; convergence ; relaxed control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we consider a class of optimal control problems involving linear hyperbolic partial differential equations with Darboux boundary conditions. A strong variational algorithm has been obtained for solving this class of optimal control problems in a previous paper by the third and the first authors. It was also shown that anyL ∞ accumulation points of control sequences generated by the algorithm satisfy a necessary condition for optimality. Since such accumulation points need not exist, it is shown in this paper that the control sequences generated by the algorithm always have accumulation points in the sense of control measure, and these accumulation points satisfy a necessary condition for optimality for the corresponding relaxed control problems.
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  • 17
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 43 (1984), S. 89-101 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; distributed-parameter systems ; control of partial differential equations ; sufficiency conditions ; Green's formula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract First-order necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the following quasilinear distributed-parameter optimal control problem: $$max\left\{ {J(u) = \int_\Omega {F(x,u,t) d\omega + } \int_{\partial \Omega } {G(x,t) \cdot d\sigma } } \right\},$$ subject to the partial differential equation $$A(t)x = f(x,u,t),$$ wheret,u,G are vectors andx,F are scalars. Use is made of then-dimensional Green's theorem and the adjoint problem of the equation. The second integral in the objective function is a generalized surface integral. Use of then-dimensional Green's theorem allows simple generalization of single-parameter methods. Sufficiency is proved under a concavity assumption for the maximized Hamiltonian $$H^\circ (x,\lambda ,t) = \max \{ H(x,u,\lambda ,t):u\varepsilon K\} $$ .
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  • 18
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 95 (1997), S. 101-126 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; Lagrange multipliers ; augmented Lagrangians ; variational inequalities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate optimal control problems governed by variational inequalities involving constraints on the control, and more precisely the example of the obstacle problem. In this paper, we discuss some augmented Lagrangian algorithms to compute the solution.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: A half-plane under plane wave excitation obeys a Dirichlet boundary condition on one side and a Neumann boundary condition on the other. These boundary conditions contrast the ones used by A. Sommerfeld in his classical paper. The present problem leads to a system of integral equations of the Wiener-Hopf type which may be solved by a matrix factoring method suggested by A. E. Heins in 1950.
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  • 20
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 186-194 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper we give a review of the equipartition of energy results of Goldstein and Sandefur [3], [4], [5] as well as proving a new result in the case of a particular fourth order equation. These results are then applied to the equations of elasticity to give a weak asymptotic orthogonality for the shear and pressure waves. In the case of boundary value problems in the interior of a bounded domain we get weak asymptotic orthogonality in the average.
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  • 21
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 530-543 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study a new type of derivative - the variational gradient - for a functional on Cn[a, b]. Local and global versions of this concept are analyzed. This notion provides a natural approach to variational derivatives on Cn[a, b] under rather mild smoothness assumptions on the functional. When applied in the context of the Calculus of Variations, the notion of the variational gradient captures the natural boundary conditions (as well as the Euler-Lagrange equations) under weaker smoothness assumptions than those usually required using Gǎteaux variations.Conditions are established for the existence of the variational derivative and an integral representation for the Gǎteaux variation in terms of the variational derivative is derived. Conditions for the variational derivative to be differentiable are also established.
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  • 22
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Topics: Mathematics
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: It is shown that second order bifurcation problems with a positive, autonomous nonlinearity have a smooth branch of positive solutions which tends to infinity. Moreover, this branch satisfies a stability rule saying that the solutions are stable if the branch turns to the right and unstable if it turns to the left.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 84-96 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider a one-phase one-dimensional Stefan problem with general data with the aim to investigate some open questions on existence of classical solutions. We show how existence and nonexistence are discriminated by the behavior of the initial datum in the neighborhood of the starting point of the free boundary.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 162-175 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper we are concerned with the differential delay equationFor odd and continuous nonlinearities f: R → R. We want to prove existence and multiplicity criteria for so called “slowly oscillating” periodic solutions of (A).The oddness condition is of course a rather restrictive one, but due to results of Nussbaum [9], [10] and Peters [13],[14] and numerical studies of Jürgens, Peitgen and Saupe [7] and Hadeler [6] we know that even for odd nonlinearities f (A) may display a complicated dynamical behaviour. On the other hand the oddness condition allows a classification of symmetry properties of periodic solutions of (A).
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  • 26
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 233-255 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In the first part of this paper we consider generalised solutions of the Poisson equation Δ U = F in open subsets of Rn(n ≥ 3) with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary data. We prove existence and uniqueness theorems, not only for the corresponding interior and exterior problems, but also for domains with boundaries extending to infinity. In the second part we discuss generalised harmonic fields in open subsets of R3 with vanishing Dirichlet or Neumann boundary condition.
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  • 27
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 195-215 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: As is well known the real Heisenberg nilpotent group A(R) constitutes the group-theoretic embodiment of the Heisenberg canonical commutation relations (CCR) of classical quantum mechanics. In this connection, quantum mechanics stands for the quantum-mechanical description, at a given instant of time, of a non-relativistic microparticle moving in the one-dimensional configuration space R and having the plane R2 as its (flat) phase space. In fact, the (nilpotent) Lie algebra n of Ã(R) reflects the Weyl equations which are global versions of the Heisenberg CCR. Unfortunately, the subject of Heisenberg nilpotent groups is outside quantum mechanics and all the more outside mathematical physics not as commonly known as it should be considering its wide range of applications in a variety of different fields. The present paper which has two parts aims to develop a central topic of nilpotent harmonic analysis, to wit, the microparticle model, the lattice model which will be realized on the Heisenberg compact nilmanifold, and the complex wave model (or Bargmann-Fock-Segal model) of the linear Schrödinger representation of Ã(R) in order to examine geometrically several applications which are governed by the real Heisenberg nilpotent group Ã(R). These applications are in Part I the classical Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem which is of basic importance in signal processing, to wit, for the transmission of digital signals as well as analog signals, and in Part II the Subbotin-Schoenberg existence and uniqueness theorem of cardinal spline interpolation. Moreover, Part II indicates briefly some connections of the aforementioned models to the Wigner phase-space quasiprobability density function of quantum statistical mechanics via the Schwartz kernels theory on unimodular Lie groups, an approach to the cross- and autoambiguity functions of radar synthesis, and to the Zak transform of solid state physics. The second part also points out some relations of harmonic analysis of the finite nilpotent group A(Z/NZ) to periodic spline interpolants admitting N equidistant knots on the one-dimensional compact torus group T. These last examples should serve mainly as hints for some further lines of investigations in the field of applications of nilpotent harmonic analysis.
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  • 28
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 331-345 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We prove asymptotic estimates for the Green's function of N-irregular eigenvalue problems My = λNγ with splitting boundary conditions.In contrast to the N-regular case the Green's function G(x,ζ,λ) grows exponentially for |λ| → ∞ if x 〉 ζ.These estimates are fundamental for the expansion of functions into a series of eigenfunctions of N-irregular eigenvalue problems. In a subsequent paper it will be shown that this irregular behavior of G(x,ζ,λ) implies that only a very small class of functions can be expanded into a series of eigenfunctions of such problems.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 422-437 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The approximation of the Signorini problem with friction by mixed finite element method is studied. The relation between the continuous case and its finite dimensional discretization is analyzed.
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  • 30
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 476-490 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The existence of a local (in time) classical solution of a free boundary problem for a two-layer inviscid incompressible fluid is shown. The method of successive approximations and the novel approach to Lagrangian coordinates of Solonnikov are used.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984) 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 1-22 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: The aim of this paper is to prove the existence and uniqueness of local solutions of some initial boundary value problems for the Euler equations of an incompressible fluid in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ R2 with corners. We consider two cases of a nonvanishing normal component of velocity on the boundary. In three-dimensional case such problems have been considered in papers [12], [13], [14]. Similar problems in domains without corners have been considered in [2]-[6], [11]. In this paper the relation between the maximal corner angle of the boundary and the smoothness of the solutions is shown. The paper consists of four sections. In section 1 two initial boundary value problems for the Euler equations are formulated. In section 2 the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the Laplace equation in twodimensional domain with corners for the Dirichlet and Neumann problems is proved in the Sobolev spaces. In sections 3 and 4 we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions of problems formulated in section 1, using the method of successive approximations.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 41-54 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: We consider the evolution equation u' = Au + Nu u(0) = φu is a function on a real interval [0, T] with values in a Hilbert space H, A is a linear operator in H generating a continuous semigroup eAt and N is a nonlinear operator in H.We show that 1Existence of the exact solution implies existence of the Faedo-Galerkin Approximations.2Existence of the Faedo-Galerkin Approximations implies existence of the exact solution.3Uniform convergence of the Faedo-Galerkin Approximations to the exact solution.The Paper consists of two parts. In the first five sections we require that A possesses a complete orthonormal system of eigenfunctions, in section 6 we drop this requirement.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 97-103 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: The present paper is concerned with the study of retarded differential equations in n-space, which satisfy some monotonicity properties. Sufficient conditions are given guaranteeing that solutions are contained in the probability (n - 1)-simplex. Existence and uniqueness of constant solutions are proved. It is also shown that every solution converges to a constant as t → ∞.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 129-157 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: The plane transmission problem of the Helmholtz equation for quadrants is characterized by a one-dimensional singular integral equation, which refers to the Fourier transform of the normal derivative of the solution along the x-axis. It is derived by solving the transmission problem for the upper and the lower half-plane involving a Neumann condition at y = 0. This is done by a two-dimensional Laplace transform technique. The inverse Laplace transform with respect to the second cartesian coordinate and the restriction of this one to y = 0 then lead to the integral equation. Thereby the transmission conditions of the original problem at y = 0 have to be taken into account. The resulting integral equation is of generalized Wiener-Hopf-type. It is solved via the contraction theorem imposing restricting conditions on the wave numbers.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 206-214 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: We treat wave equations with “scalar nonlinearities” and demonstrate the connection between the bifurcation theory of an associated system of Hammerstein integral equations and the existence of periodic solutions of the nonlinear wave equation.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 262-279 
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    Notes: The existence of weak LL-solutions of the initial value problem for Vlasov's equation is proved under rather general assumptions. In the three-dimensional case the solutions exist on the entire time axis.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 327-344 
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    Notes: The delta function initial condition solution v*(x,t;y) at x = y ≥ 0 of the generalized Feller equation is used to define a generalized Jacobi Theta function \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \Theta (x,t) = \upsilon *(x,t;0) + 2\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {v*(x,t;y_n)} $\end{document} for a sufficiently rapidly increasing and unbounded positive sequence {yy}. It is shown that Θ(x,t) is analytic in each variable in certain regions of the complex x and t planes and that it is a solution of the generalized Feller equation. For those parameters for which this equation reduces to the heat equation, Θ(x,t) reduces to the third Jacobi Theta function.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 353-370 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: In many areas of applied mathematics, the govering equations can be expressed as dual equations which are elements in two vector spaces where a given functional defined on a cartesian product space has zero gradients. If this functional has a global saddle structure then the variational principle can be replaced by dual extremum principles of the Noble and Sewell type. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate how comparison functional which have convex, concave or saddle structure can be used to generate upper and lower bounding principles and critical sequences. The methods are illustrated by applications to the periodic solutions of a non-linear differential equation and the Fredholm integral equation.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 433-448 
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    Notes: In this paper we are concerned with the development of criteria for stabilizing inherently unstable initial-boundary value problems under small errors in the geometry of the underlying domain. We consider in particular the initial-boundary-value problem for the backward heat equation assuming that some error has been made in characterizing the geometry of the domain under consideration. It is shown that solutions which belong to an appropriately defined constraint set depend continuously in L2 on errors in the geometry.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 467-495 
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    Notes: Transmutation methods are developed for equations of the form x2 ϕ“ + x2(k2” - q̃(x)) ϕ = (v2 - (1/4)) ϕ, with v as spectral variable, which correspond to problems in quantum scattering theory at fixed energy k2 (here v ˜ l + (1/2) with l complex angular momentum). Spectral formulas for transmutation kernels are constructed and the machinery of transmutation theory developed by the author for spectral variable k is shown to have a version here. General Kontrorovič-Lebedev theorems are also proved.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 512-514 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: Let F be a mapping from Rn+1 into Rn, x(t) be a parametrization for ∣t - t0 ∣ 〈 c, of a smooth solution branch of the equation F(x) = 0, A(t) be the jacobian (n + 1) associated to a standard continuation method used for computing the solution branch. We study for a class of singularities at x(t0) the behaviour, near t = t0, of the determinant of A(t).
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 527-538 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: We study a modification of the Vlasov-Poisson equation, obtained by adding a diffusion term with respect to velocity. It describes, from a physical point of view, a plasma in thermal equilibrium, in a mean field limit situation. We find that the already known results concerning existence and uniqueness of the solutions for the ordinary Vlasov equation (constructive results and counterexamples) translate to our case.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 131-152 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: The determination of sources of acoustic wave motion in several dimensions from remote measurements is of considerable interest in many applications, and the underlying mathematical problem is quite ill-posed. We separate the source determination problem into a control problem for the wave equation and an inverse mixed initial-boundary value problem, and concentrate on the latter, in which the initial data for a solution of the wave equation are to be determined from its trace on a time-like hyperplane. Though the geometry of this problem is simple, it exhibits some of the central analytic difficulties of more complex problems. We prove a uniqueness theorem, give examples of instability, establish regularity properties of the trace, and locate noncompact classes of stable functionals. The existence of these noncompact classes shows that the problem is “partially well-posed”, i.e. that smoothing in all directions is not required to regularize the problem, and distinguishes it from most other ill-posed problems, such as backwards diffusion and analytic continuation.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 216-232 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: In this part of the paper we deal with computational aspects of the bifurcation problem introduced in Part I, cf. [1]. It follows from Section 3 that the bifurcation behaviour is essentially determined by the expression KP(Ω) - ∧β, where β is some constant which was assumed to be nonzero, while P(Ω) is some 2π-periodic function which was implicitly defined in Section 2. In Section 4 we first derive easily computable expressions for P(Ω) and β from the definitions of Section 2. Secondly we offer a direct, although formal, derivation for these quantities. In Section 5 we briefly show how P(Ω). β can actually be computed by means of a high speed computer and discuss a number of examples. In Section 6 finally we give some asymptotic results for systems depending on an additional parameter.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 292-307 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: We consider certain symmetric hyperbolic systems of nonlinear partial differential equations whose solutions vary on two time scales. The large part of the spatial operator is assumed to have constant coefficients, but a nonlinear term multiplying the time derivatives is allowed. We show that if the initial data are not prepared correctly for the suppression of the fast scale motion, but contain errors of amplitude O(∊), then the perturbation in the solution will also be of amplitude O(∊). Further, if the large part of the spatial operator is nonsingular, we show that the error introduced in the slow scale motion will be of amplitude O(∊2), even though fast scale waves of amplitude O(∊) will be present in the solution.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 356-375 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: In this paper, we represent a new numerical method for solving the steady-state Stokes equations in an unbounded plane domain. The technique consists in coupling the boundary integral and the finite element methods. An artificial smooth boundary is introduced separating an interior inhomogeneous region from an exterior one. The solution in the exterior domain is represented by an integral equation over the artificial boundary. This integral equation is incorporated into a velocitypressure formulation for the interior region, and a finite element method is used to approximate the resulting variational problem. This is studied by means of an abstract framework, well adapted to the model problem, in which convergence results and optimal error estimates are derived. Computer results will be discussed in a forthcoming paper.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 104-128 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: We discuss the asymptotic behaviour of acoustic and electromagnetic waves, generated by given time-harmonic exterior forces with frequency ω, in the unbounded region between the parallel planes X3 = 0 and X3 = 1, and show that the principle of limiting amplitude is violated if ω = πn(n = 1, 2,…). For these values of the frequency, forces with compact support can be chosen such that the amplitudes of the waves increase with a logarithmic rate as t → ∞.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 159-191 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: This paper is devoted to the study of a three dimensional model of elastic periodic plate when the thickness e of the plate and the size ω of the periods are small. In the three studied limits (e → 0 then ω → 0), (ω → 0 then e → 0) and lately (e and ω → 0 together) the three dimensional equation of elasticity are approached by the two dimensional general equations of a linear anisotropic plate, the stretching and bending being coupled. This study points out the importance of the ratio of the two small parameters, indeed the moduli occuring in the two dimensional equations are different in the three limits. In each case a convergence proof is carried out.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 215-233 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: A free boundary problem for a flow around a circle is analyzed. We find and mathematically prove that bifurcations from the trivial flow actually take place. Golubitsky-Schaeffer theory, together with a formula concerning variations of domains, enables us to clarify the behaviors of the branches of nontrivial solutions.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 248-261 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: There has been considerable interest in obtaining discrete results for random surfaces. Standard results have been published in journals of physics or engineering which have emphasised the applications. This paper gives a detailed background of the mathematical methods needed so that the central connection, namely truncated random variables, between these standard results can be understood. Distributions of discrete peak measures are obtained from the distributions of discrete profile measures of a random Gaussian surface by applying results for the distributions of truncated random variables. This enable the moments to be obtained from known results for the truncated distributions.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 40-67 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: In general the predator-prey system studied will have many equilibrium states with different “patches”, i.e. regions where the sedentary species vanishes. If one equilibrium is given, a Ljapunov functional can be constructed for a set of initial data with patches satisfying a certain compatibility condition. By the methods of Alikakos [1] and Rothe [28] this implies uniform bounds for the diffusing species in a Hölder space and the sedentary species in a Lp-space. Considering pieces of the trajectory for time in some bounded interval and using the weak*-topology for the sedentary species, one defines an ω-limit set which is compact and nonvoid. Using the Ljapunov functional an asymptotic version of the differential equations is derived. It turns out that they admit only constant solutions except for a very special case. Thus convergence to the equilibrium follows.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 308-330 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Free boundary problems are considered, where the tangential and normal components ut and un of an otherwise unknown plane harmonic vector field are prescribed along the unknown boundary curve as a function of the coordinates x, y and the tangent angle θ. The vector field is required to exist either in the interior region G+ or in the exterior G-. In each case the free boundary is characterized by a nonlinear integral equation. A linearised version of this equation is a one-dimensional singular integral equation. Under rather general hypotheses which are easy to check, the properties of the linear equation are described by Noether's theorems. The regularity of the solution is studied and the effect of the nonlinear terms is estimated. A variant of the Nash-Moser implicit-function theorem can be applied. This yields local existence and uniqueness theorems for the free boundary problem in Hölder-classes H2+μ. The boundary curve depends continuously on the defining data. Finally some examples are given, where the linearised equation can be completely discussed.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 389-421 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Our purpose is to show in a precise manner the mathematical approach of the problem of the acoustic diffraction by an infinitely thin screen. The classical equations of acoustics are transformed into integral equations. The sound field diffracted by the obstacle is described by a double layer potential, the density of which is equal to the step of the potential across the screen. To avoid the mathematical difficulties, the infinitely thin screen will be considered as the limit of a sequence of obstacles with finite thickness. On such obstacles, the operators can be defined, thanks to the theory of Pseudo-differential operators and Pseudo-Poisson kernels. Then a limiting process is used and gives existence and unicity of the desired solutions in Sobolev spaces.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 5 (1983), S. 491-515 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: For a family {T + Nλ: λ ∊ [a, b]} of semilinear operators T + Nλ in L2(Ω) the solution set {(λ, uλ) ∊ J × D(T): Tuλ + Nλuλ = h} is investigated with respect to turning points. By Ljapunov-Schmidt-reduction and calculation of the derivatives of the bifurcation equation a class of turning points is characterized by properties of these derivatives.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 371-392 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: We consider the linearized problem for the ideal fluid flow induced by the horizontal motion of a fully immersed body. The system of equations is made up of an elliptic problem (P) and an initialvalue problem (R) which are coupled by a pseudo-differential operator T.We define a regularized Cauchy problem (R∊) using the Yosida approximation of T; we give energy and wave resistance estimates and finally we obtain existence uniqueness and regularity of the weak solution of (R) by taking the limit when ∊ goes to zero.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 393-416 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Notes: On neglecting reflection by the surface the existence and uniqueness are proved for the solution of the equation of transfer of polarized light in a homogeneous semi-infinite or finite plane-parallel medium. A general LL-space formulation, where 1 ≤ p 〈 ∞, is adopted. The analysis concerns a vector-valued convolution equation, which is an equivalent form of the equation of radiative transfer and is solved with the help of Wiener-Hopf factorization, Fredholm index and cone preservation methods. The results are also proved for the equations obtained from the full equation of transfer by means of Fourier expansion and symmetry relations.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 6 (1984), S. 496-511 
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    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Applied Mathematics
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The method of “cone iteration”; is used to obtain exact bounds for the solutions of a class of nonlinear operator equations. The general theory is applied to the problem of finding radially symmetric solutions of the plasma problem in the unit circle. Existence and uniqueness results are obtained at the same time. Some numerical examples demonstrate the method's high degree of accuracy.
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    Mathematical methods of operations research 45 (1997), S. 63-79 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Keywords: Optimal control ; Markov decision processes ; light traffic ; discounted cost ; average cost
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We consider Markov Decision Processes under light traffic conditions. We develop an algorithm to obtain asymptotically optimal policies for both the total discounted and the average cost criterion. This gives a general framework for several light traffic results in the literature. We illustrate the method by deriving the asymptotically optimal control of a simple ATM network.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 21 (1977), S. 39-49 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; augmented penalty function ; terminal constraints ; gradient methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This note presents an extension of the Miele—Cragg-Iyer-Levy augmented function method for finite-dimensional optimization problems to optimal control problems. A numerical study is provided.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 22 (1977), S. 91-101 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; Radon measures ; existence theory ; diffusion equation
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The existence is considered of a boundary control which drives a system governed by the one-dimensional diffusion equation from the zero state to a given final state, and at the same time minimizes a given functional. The problem is first modified to one in which the minimum is sought of a functional defined on a set of Radon measures. The existence of a minimizing measure is demonstrated, and it is shown that this measure may be approximated by a piecewise constant control. Finally, conditions are given under which a minimizing measurable control exists for the unmodified problem.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 22 (1977), S. 373-388 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; variational inequalities ; existence theorems ; sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We prove an existence theorem for the optimal control of variational inequalities governed by a pseudomonotone operator: the cost is assumed to be quadratic. Then, we give an extension of the theorem to more general costs (assuming the operator to be monotone); we also give a result on a perturbation problem.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 23 (1977), S. 563-579 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; Green's theorem ; infinite horizon ; multiplicative problems ; optimal stationary equilibrium ; economic applications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Many infinite-horizon optimal control problems in management science and economics have optimal paths that approach some stationary level. Often, this path has the property of being the nearest feasible path to the stationary equilibrium. This paper obtains a simple multiplicative characterization for a single-state single-control problem to have this property. By using Green's theorem it is shown that the property is observed as long as the stationary level is sustainable by a feasible control. If not, the property is, in general, shown to be false. The paper concludes with an important theorem which states that even in the case of multiple equilibria, the optimal path is a nearest feasible path to one of them.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 25 (1978), S. 57-81 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; nonlinear evolution equations ; reflexive Banach spaces ; existence theorems ; time-optimal control ; Bolza problem ; terminal control ; velocity field ; set-valued map ; weak Cesari property
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The paper presents a closure theorem for the attainable trajectories of a class of control systems governed by a large class of nonlinear evolution equations in reflexive Banach spaces. Several existence theorems for optimal controls are proven that include a terminal control problem, a time-optimal control problem, and a special Bolza problem. Some results of independent interest are also presented.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 25 (1978), S. 229-245 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; nonlinear large systems ; decomposition and coordination ; modification of performance index ; improvement of convergence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper proposes a coordination algorithm for multilevel control of a nonlinear dynamical system. The overall system under consideration is composed of subsystems with relatively strong interactions or relatively strong nonlinearities, or both. The objective is to minimize a performance index of quadratic type. The idea of the present algorithm is to replace the system variables associated with interactions and nonlinearities by artificially introducedinteraction variables and to decompose the overall problem into a number of smaller and simpler subproblems. At the same time, the appearance of the performance index is modified by using the interaction variables. Parameters, called weights, are introduced into the modified performance index. Choice of the values of these parameters has significant influence on the convergence rate of the algorithm, and hence is one of the major factors determining the total computing time. The interaction variables are adjusted directly by a nearly steepest-descent algorithm, without using Jacobian matrix, until the interactions attain consistency. In the paper, some sufficient conditions for convergence of the iterative algorithm are discussed in detail, and several features of the present algorithm are illustrated by examining an example.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 25 (1978), S. 549-554 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; nonlinear operators ; Frechet differentiability ; Hilbert spaces ; bang-bang control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Necessary and sufficient conditions for the optimal control to be bang-bang are presented for a nonlinear system. The payoff, which is not necessarily quadratic, is assumed to be described by a Hilbert-space norm and to be differentiable and convex. The results are extensions of Ref. 1 to the case of nonlinear systems.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 41 (1983), S. 75-106 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; second-order necessary conditions ; accessory problem ; control constraints ; normality condition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An optimal control problem, which includes restrictions on the controls and equality/inequality constraints on the terminal states, is formulated. Second-order necessary conditions of the accessory-problem type are obtained in the absence of normality conditions. It is shown that the necessary conditions generalize and simplify prior results due to Hestenes (Ref. 5) and Warga (Refs. 6 and 7).
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 93 (1997), S. 103-119 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; variational convergence ; functional differential equations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The paper deals with the variational convergence of a sequence of optimal control problems for functional differential state equations with deviating argument. Variational limit problems are found under various conditions of convergence of the input data. It is shown that, upon sufficiently weak assumptions on convergence of the argument deviations, the limit problem can assume a form different from that of the whole sequence. In particular, it can be either an optimal control problem for an integro-differential equation or a purely variational problem. Conditions are found under which the limit problem preserves the form of the original sequence.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 93 (1997), S. 597-607 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; gradient flows ; optimization ; decentralized systems ; performance index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the problem of computing the suboptimal output feedback gains of decentralized control systems is investigated. First, the problem is formulated. Then, the gradient matrices based on the index function are derived and a new algorithm is established based on some nice properties. This algorithm shows that a suboptimal gain can be computed by solving several ordinary differential equations (ODEs). In order to find an initial condition for the ODEs, an algorithm for finding a stabilizing output feedback gain is exploited, and the convergence of this algorithm is discussed. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the proposed algorithm.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 40 (1983), S. 255-291 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; two interconnected turbogenerators ; torque control ; voltage control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the optimal control of a system with two identical interconnected turbogenerators, which are connected to an infinite bus, is considered. Control of the generators is effected through control of field voltages and turbine torques. The alternators are controlled through a linear feedback of the state variables. The feedback parameters are obtained by solving a nonlinear, two-point boundary-value problem. The values obtained for these parameters depend on the strength and duration of the disturbance, since the model is nonlinear, in contrast to the usual feedback control of a linear model. The numerical values used are indicated in the Appendix.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 94 (1997), S. 273-309 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; Euler flow equations ; sequential quadratic programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we study a design problem for a duct flow with a shock. The presence of the shock causes numerical difficulties. Good shock-capturing schemes with low continuity properties often cannot be combined successfully with efficient optimization methods requiring smooth functions. A remedy studied in this paper is to introduce the shock location as an explicit variable. This allows one to fit the shock and yields a problem with sufficiently smooth functions. We prove the existence of optimal solutions, Fréchet differentiability, and the existence of Lagrange multipliers. In the second part, we introduce and investigate the discrete problem and study the relations between the optimality conditions for the infinite-dimensional problem and the discretized one. This reveals important information for the numerical solution of the problem. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the theoretical findings.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 94 (1997), S. 155-168 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; Bellman function ; value function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, time-optimal control problems with closed terminal sets are considered. We give conditions which guarantee the Bellman function to be Hölder and Lipschitz continuous. We then prove that the condition for Lipschitz continuity is also necessary.
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 95 (1997), S. 323-346 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; sequential quadratic programming ; dynamic programming ; Newton method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Efficient sequential quadratic programming (SQP) implementations are presented for equality-constrained, discrete-time, optimal control problems. The algorithm developed calculates the search direction for the equality-based variant of SQP and is applicable to problems with either fixed or free final time. Problem solutions are obtained by solving iteratively a series of constrained quadratic programs. The number of mathematical operations required for each iteration is proportional to the number of discrete times N. This is contrasted by conventional methods in which this number is proportional to N 3. The algorithm results in quadratic convergence of the iterates under the same conditions as those for SQP and simplifies to an existing dynamic programming approach when there are no constraints and the final time is fixed. A simple test problem and two application problems are presented. The application examples include a satellite dynamics problem and a set of brachistochrone problems involving viscous friction.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 85-90 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Basic methodology to effect the separation of complex samples by gas chromatography is discussed from an experimental point of view. Several possibilities are presented which are commonly used to enhance the information content of a gas chromatographic run. These include incorporation of more than one set of retention data, multiple detectors, and special column switching techniques. These and other techniques have sometimes been labeled “multidimensional” in the literature. An attempt is made to define the term “two-dimensional chromatography”.The review is divided into sections which point out the different directions which have been taken to deconvolute chromatographically unresolved components. Particular emphasis is placed on technology which is capable of dealing with samples of extreme complexity, and instrumentation for trace- and ultratrace analysis is dicussed with specific examples. The future of two-dimensional techniques in gas chromatography is looked into.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 92-92 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Plugs for static coating procedure ; Advantages over sodium silicate setting plugs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 93-94 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Static coating, apolar gums ; Pentane better than methylene chloride, ready in 8 hours ; (20 m, 0.3 mm i.d.) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 94-95 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Quantitative analysis of unsaturated fatty methyl esters ; Remarkable systematic errors of cis/trans determination ; Errors depend on phases chosen ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 97-97 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid Chromatography ; Structure and relation of polyhalogenated aromatics ; discussed ; Silica gel/aluminium oxide compared ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Keywords: Selective derivatization reagent for HPLC, HPTLC, TLC ; Fluorescence introducing phenanthreneboronic acid ; Stability of chromatographic derivatives studies. ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 100-101 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid Chromatography HPLC ; Trace determination of Histamine in wine at 0.2 ng/I level ; DANS derivatization ; Selective, no interference by amino acids etc ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 98-99 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Quantitative analysis of higher alcohols ; Direct injection of beverages, liqueurs etc ; Inner standard dioxan, inlet modification ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 101-102 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Glass capillary drawing machine ; Improvements for constant inner diameter production ; 0.3 mm i.d. at least ± 1.5% precision ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 103-104 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Fittings, remaining elastic till 300°C ; Important details of proper handling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 105-106 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin Layer Chromatography, HPTLC ; Quantitative analysis of anticonvulsant drugs extracted from plasma ; Sample volume needed equals 2 microliter plasma ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 106-108 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin Layer Chromatography HPTLC ; Quantitative analysis of feedstuff ingredients ; Comparison HPTLC-TLC layer materials ; HPTLC has advantages over TLC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 111-111 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: gas chromatography ; stationary phases ; properties ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 113-114 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 115-120 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 137-137 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 139-142 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Hydrocarbon cut, optimized separation ; Capillary preparation for ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Techniques have been developed for the rapid separation (about 20 minutes) of the 39 compounds in crude petroleums, or petroleum distillates, which boil between 28 and 114°C. A 300 meter glass column (0.25 mm i.d.) which is etched, coated with a mixture of normal hexadecane and Kel-F10157 is utilized to perform this separation at room temperature. The separations obtained with this non-polar liquid mixture and the «inert» glass surface are much more rapid than those previously obtained with stainless steel capillary columns.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 143-148 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Capillary glass ; Tailor-made by graphitized carbon black precoating ; Application to pesticides, terpenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, free fatty acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The performance of graphitized glass capillary columns obtained by precoating the inner glass walls with graphitized carbon black has been evaluated. It has been shown that according to the amount of stationary phase coated such columns can operate in gas-liquid-solid chromatography and in gas-liquid chromatography so that tailor-made columns for specific separations can be prepared. The versatility of these columns is shown in the separation of various mixtures (terpenes, pesticides, isomeric species and others) of analytical importance.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 156-160 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin Layer Chromatography, TLC and HPTLC ; Quantitative evaluation ; Errors, systematic and statistical, error propagation by graphical methods ; Peak height gives better results (slow scanning) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The paper discusses errors and error propagation in respect of graphic methods in quantitative in situ measurements in TLC. An error of 0.3% is possible by measuring only peak height if optimal conditions are chosen. This is in good agreement with analysis done practically which gives errors in the order of 0.3-0.6%. If the peak area is evaluated using the approximation peak height × half width, the error is in the order of 0.6%, but in real experiments only 1.5% had been found. Systematic errors in determining peak heights are introduced by the time constant of the amplifiers and the recorder.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 149-155 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Preparation of apolar columns ; Ba CO3 procedure optimized for thermostability acid/base behaviour and efficiency ; New, quantitative testing procedure ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As an extension of previous reports, the barium carbonate procedure has been optimized in detail for the preparation of apolar columns. The aim was to produce optimum overall column characteristics, and to maintain them unchanged under the prolonged influence of the highest possible temperature. The main parameters under optimization were glass variety, leaching of glass surface with aqueous HCl, and amount of barium carbonate deposited, while deactivation and coating were kept constant. The basic column characteristics were adsorption properties and thermostability of deactivation, acid/base behaviour and separation efficiency. They were determined by a new, quantitative testing procedure. Intense leaching was able to eliminate almost totally the differences between glass varieties and to create a well-defined glass surface. While untreated glass, leached glass, and barium carbonate treated glass showed specific weak points in the respective column quality, the combination of leaching and barium carbonate treatment yielded the highest and most stable quality. Some technical modifications of the preparation procedure are described, including deactivation in the gas phase, and use of pentane as a solvent for static coating.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 277-277 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 275-276 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Capillary ; Splitless injection ; Theoretical basis for reconcetration by solvent effects ; Guidelines for an effective solvent effect, in literature citation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 306-307 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; calculation of sample size ; simplest formula ; any type of GC column used ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 307-308 
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    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; capillary, glass, diagnosis of damage ; repair by partial washing ; partial reimpregnation/deactivation ; repair test ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 309-310 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin Layer Chromatography, TLC ; Reversed phase, chemically bonded C18/CH3OH, H2O, NaCl ; quantitative caffein densitometry at the 7% CV level, 1.2 microgram ; 12-70 min development time ; Aspirin, caffein, phenacetin separated ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 311-312 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-Layer Chromatography, HPTLC ; Linoleic acid ; Lipid peroxidation ; Malondialdehyde ; Thiobarbituric acid test ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Peroxidised linoleic acid reacts with acidified thiobarbituric acid to give a chromogen absorbing maximally at 532 nm. This TBA reactant is chromatographically identical to the TBA-MDA adduct formed from linolenic acid and a pure MDA standard. Considerably less MDA is produced by peroxidised linoleic acid compared to that formed from linolenic acid. In this respect the type of acid used for the colour reaction appears to be important.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 313-313 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin Layer Chromatography, TLC ; Ion exchange resin plates/tert. butyl alcohol, H2O, Na2HPO4, NaCl ; Nebramicin, components, qualitative analysis ; 7 hours development time ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A thin-layer chromatographic method on chromatoplates coated with Dowex 50 × 8 ion-exchange resin, suitable for the separation of 5 nebramycin components, was developed.
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