ALBERT

Description: In this precursory paper to the forthcoming Flora Neotropica monograph of Rollinia 12 new species are described. One new combination is made, and there is a note on the correct author citation for Rollinia dolabripetala. Mr. E. J. van Marle, a former student at the University of Utrecht, contributed the description of one of the new species.

Description: There exist three different kinds of leaf arrangement in neotropical species of Rinorea. 1. an alternate leaf arrangement consisting of only laminar leaves; 2. an alternate leaf arrangement consisting of laminar leaves in the apical part of the branchlets and scale-like ones subpersistent in the basal part; 3. an apparently opposite leaf arrangement consisting of laminar leaves together with a pair of inconspicuous and soon deciduous scale-like leaves at the base of the inflorescences. In this article hypotheses have been constructed how one kind of leaf arrangement can be derived from the other, how these three different kinds of leaf arrangements can be correlated with the arrangements of the inflorescences and those of the branchlets, and finally how an apparently opposite leaf arrangement also can be correlated with a so called Fagerlind tree model.

Description: This paper follows upon an earlier paper in the series “Studies in Annonaceae” (Maas et al. 1986). Twelve new species are described, viz. 2 in Duguetia, 1 in Ephedranthus, 5 in Guatteria, 2 in Hornschuchia, 1 in Tetrameranthus, and 1 in Unonopsis. A new combination is made in Enicosanthellum. Some amendments and additions to the revision of Tetrameranthus (Westra 1985), including an updated key, are given. Monocarpia euneura Miq. appears to have priority over M. marginalis (R. Scheffer) James Sincl. Additional collections have been made of the rare species Bocagea longepedunculata Martius, Xylopia crinita R.E. Fries, and Xylopia excellens R.E. Fries. Attention is drawn to several recent collections from Bahia, Brazil, which are perhaps referable to Unonopsis stipitata Diels. H. León, Popayán, and D. Sánchez S., Medellín, contributed to three of the new species.

Description: Many countries nowadays have made strict rules (and rightly so) for collectors, partly for the protection of the flora and fauna and to thwart unscrupulous exterminators of butterflies and orchids, partly, we suspect, also as a check on industrial espionage. Obviously, administrators behind their desks have no inkling of what dedicated botanists (and zoologists) are doing in the forest. Especially when the scientists come from the so-called ’rich’ countries the civil servants ask themselves why anybody would like to exchange a nice chair in an air-conditioned office with a lot of paper work for a most uncomfortable, hard log under a leaky fly in an insect-infested, humid, scary forest. Since they themselves certainly are not going to take a look there for themselves, they suspect other motives, and until they find out what these are, scientists are under suspicion and should be kept on a leash. Sometimes the requirements border on the ridiculous, as a few instances that have come to attention show: Unicates must be left with the host institute and can only be had on loan. Well, one could live with this, although especially these collections are often the most interesting.

Description: The major task facing the PROSEA project during the period 1987-1990 is to lay a sound basis for the Implementation Phase 1991-1995, while at the same time concrete results have to be produced. The project will achieve this by internationalization, documentation, consultation, and publication. Internationalization. — PROSEA is trying to establish a network of cooperating institutions in Southeast Asia, which will act as centres of activity for PROSEA in the respective countries. Main objectives are to gather existing information and expertise on the plant resources. Each centre will have a country officer paid by PROSEA. Missions were held to Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea. The following institutes agreed to become a coordinating agency for PROSEA: — Thailand: The Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR) at Bangkok. — Malaysia: FRIM at Kepong, MARDI at Serdang or Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (decision not yet taken by the institutes). — Indonesia: The Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) at Jakarta. LIPI has designated the Centre for Research and Development in Biology in Bogor as the executing agency, where also the headquarters of the field network will be housed. Dr. J.S. Siemonsma will be the coordinator for PROSEA (operational summer 1988). — The Philippines: The Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) at Los Baños. — Papua New Guinea: The Papua New Guinea University of Technology in Lae.

Description: BROEKHUIJSEN, Dr. H.O. Sent at least 11 specimens to BO, e.g. no. 11 Panicum luzonense from 7 km South of Parungpanjang, Java, collected on 28 October 1943 (’2603’). CAULFIELDS, F.M.G. Collected a Cinnamomum velutinum in Upper Perak for the Perak Museum Herbarium, now in SING.

Description: AIRY SHAW, H.K. see SHAW, H.K.A. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK f., Reinier Cornelis (Panjinangan, Java, Indonesia, 11 September 1911 – Leiden, 1 May 1987). Fl. Mal. I, 1 (1950) 32, photo; M. JACOBS, Fl. Mal. Bull. 29 (1976) 2532- 2535; C. KALKMAN, Blumea 23 (1976) 1, photo.

Description: Mssrs. L.G. SAW and K.M. WONG (KEP) collected further in the Endau-Rompin forests of Johore during April and June 1986. Ms. Dr. B.S. PARRIS (K) spent August 1986 based at FRIM collecting fern material and studying fern diversity in montane forests. Together with Mr. K.M. WONG (KEP) she visited the Cameron Highlands (G. Batu Brinchang, G. Berembas, G. Jasar), Penang, the quartzite ridges around Kuala Lumpur, G. Panti (Johore), and G. Ledang (Malacca). 134 numbers were collected, the first set for K, the second for KEP.

Description: Collecting localities are of special interest to those who want to know the exact origin of the material under study: e.g. when citing types, designating neotypes, preparing distribution maps, planning expeditions, comparing species lists, or because of some historical interest. It is not always easy to gather these data, especially in the case of many former colonies where geographical names as used on collections have been changed (or may never have been recorded by the authorities and include on maps or in official gazetteers). As we have spent some time to gather the present information, we thought a wider audience might be interested. For a brief period, 1884 to 1921, the northern half of Papua New Guinea was a German colony, and the mainland portion known as Kaiser Wilhelmsland. German names were given to villages and other places where the colonists settled, and to the rivers and mountains they ’discovered’. When the Mandated Territory of New Guinea came into existence in 1921, the Australian administration proceeded to change many of these names. Some were merely translated, e.g. Aprilfluss became April River, Felsspitze became Rocky Peak, and Hansemann-Berg (near Madang) became Mt. Hansemann. Others underwent a complete change: Kaiser Wilhelmsland was abandoned in favour of ‘North-East New Guinea’, the mighty Kaiserin Augustafluss reverted to being the Sepik, the English names for Neu-Pommern and Neu-Mecklenburg were restored, the names of famous English politicians replaced those of German philosophers for two peaks in the Finisterre Range, and Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen became Madang after the name of the District Officer’s house which had been moved there from Finschhafen. Fortunately relatively few names were changed after the Independence of Papua New Guinea in 1976.

Description: CITES: In February 1987 Singapore finally ratified the Washington Treaty on the international trade in threatened species, exceptions have been made for the trade in crocodile products. A serious breach has now been closed that was of some impediment to the trade between Singapore and many of its partners. FAO’s Tropical Forestry Action Plan. (Unasylva 38, 1986) develops a strategy for action in five fields, among which conservation of tropical forest ecosystems. The main goals of the latter action plan are: to prevent loss or degradation of the tropical forest resource, while furthering development and the wise use of existing natural resources; to promote the sustainable use of tropical forest ecosystems, either exploited or not, for the production of timber and wood, in such a way that the genetic resources they contain are safeguarded; to encourage and facilitate the integrated management of tropical forest ecosystems so as to provide wildlife and non-wood crops with minimal disturbance of the ecosystems and associated wild genetic resources; to promote the conservation and management of samples of ecosystems as reservoirs of species diversity.

Description: Family name, full name of taxon (incl. all authors), rough locality, date of collection, collector’s name and collection number, place(s) of deposit, previously known distribution, additional remarks, authority for the report. In a footnote the Foundation(s) from which grants were received may be mentioned. For examples see below. The Editors of the Bulletin disclaim any responsibility for possible misidentifications or superfluous records; these should be accredited to the correspondents who have reported them. We will moreover decide whether we will include a record or not depending on their significance as we see it. For the future the exact criteria for inclusion will be formulated after some experience with the subject.

Description: Dr. M.M.J VAN BALGOOY (L) visited E and K to discuss cooperation with the Flora Malesiana Project and the Pacific Plant Areas. Ms. Dr. B.G. BRIGGS has for a short period been appointed as Acting Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney (N.S.W.), Australia.

Description: The botany of mangroves by P.B. Tomlinson has been published in the Cambridge Tropical Biology Series, Cambridge University Press. Checklist of the generic names used for Spermatophytes in Malesian botany. During their last years Dr. R.C. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK f. and Dr. C.G.G.J VAN STEENIS have revised the Nomina generum Malesianorum, a most useful manual. The manuscript was nearly finished at their deaths and has now been made ready for publication by Ms. M.J. VAN STEENIS-KRUSEMAN and Ms. E.E. VAN NIEUWKOOP. We hope to have it published in 1987.

Description: Please submit your announcement to this Bulletin as early as possible! Several were received too late for interested readers to make use of. After the event please send a summary of the doings, and/or the Proceedings, if any. International Symposium on Resource availability and the structure and functioning of tropical ecosystems: 5—12 June 1988. Universities of Miami, Florida, and San Jose, Costa Rica. Contact: Dr. J.M, Savage, Silver Anniversary Symposium, Dept. of Biology, University of Miami, POB 249118, Coral Gables F1 33124, U.S.A.

Description: Some additional arguments are provided for a few name changes in Russula. We conclude, contrary to Singer & Machol, that the 1821-starting point rules failed to put the nomenclature of the past into order and that the new sanctioning system will be better in this respect. Some dangers inherent in special provisions for particular taxonomic groups are mentioned. The disadvantage of a special typification status for sanctioned names is discussed.

Description: Re-examination of two collections of Hydropus mediterraneus Pacioni & Lalli revealed a number of characters that necessitate the transfer of this species to the genus Flammulina.

Description: A taxonomic revision of the genus Conandrium Mez, which is reduced to 2 species, one in the Moluccas and in the extreme West of New Guinea, the other widely distributed all over New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago, and apparently also represented in the Aru Islands. A key to the species, complete descriptions and an enumeration of the collections studied are given.

Description: Arbor 25 m alta ramulis glabris foliis glabris 3 ad 6 cm longis et 1,5 ad 2,5 cm latis nervis primariis 5 ad 10 paribus petiolo 2 ad 5 mm longo. Inflorescentia racemosa pedicellis brevissimis bracteis foliaceis sed apicem inflorescentiae versus haud foliaceis caducis bracteolis ciliatis 2,5 ad 3 mm longis demum caducis. Calyx glabrus quinquelobatus lobis 1 ad 1,5 mm longis divisus. Corolla glabra 8-10 mm longa. Stamina multa. Discus quinqueglandulatus sparsim pilosus base styli pilosa. Ovarium glabrum 2,5 mm altum. Fructus ignotus. – Typus: de Vogel & Vermeulen 7199 (L), Sulawesi Utara, Bolaang Mongondow. Tree 25 m high and 25 cm ø. Twigs glabrous. Leaves glabrous, elliptic, 3-6 by 1.5-2.5 cm with cuneate to somewhat rounded base, crenulate margin, and rounded or hardly acuminate apex with blunt tip; nerves in 5-10 pairs, faintly prominent on the undersurface, meeting in an also faintly prominent intramarginal vein; reticulation coarse. Petiole 2-5 mm. Inflorescence a leafy raceme, but pedicels very short, axis glabrous or pilose; bracts resembling foliage leaves (sometimes solitary flowers in the axils of the upper foliage leaves), the largest 2 cm long, flowers at the top of the racemes, or in other racemes all flowers, probably suspended by normal bracts, but all fallen; bracteoles ciliate, 2.5-3 mm, later caducous than the bracts. Calyx glabrous, divided into 5 ciliate 1-1.5 mm long lobes; corolla glabrous, 8-10 mm long; stamens many (more than 100); ovary glabrous, 2.5 mm high; disk 5-glandular, sparsely hairy; style base hairy. Fruits not known.

Description: The Flora of Australia started in 1981 and since then 8 volumes came out, including some 70 families. Before all we have to congratulate the editors with this achievement and we express our hope that it will be possible to go on like this. Eight volumes provide the possibility for a more general evaluation. First of all, just turning over the leaves of these volumes, one is struck by the balanced design, the clear typography, the amount of illustrations. However, on further consideration one feels some disappointment. Only once in a hundred years a Flora of Australia appears to be written, and accordingly it should be as good as possible. It is a pity then if you find too often mistakes, often unnecessary ones, and inaccuracies.

Description: A number of additions to the fern flora of Celebes are given here, including also the description of 15 new taxa in the Polypodiaceae, Cyatheaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Aspleniaceae, and Davalliaceae.

Description: Monographic studies in Pandanaceae continue to yield previously unrecognized taxa both at specific and higher ranks. In Pandanus, with the increase of knowledge of staminate structures becoming available through better collections and more critical observations, use of staminate characters integrated with previously known data is providing important new insights into infrageneric taxa and their affinities, as well as completing the fundamental descriptions at species rank important for both systematic and ecological studies. In the results reported here two new species, Pandanus calvus and P. kosteri, and two new sections, Hastatistigma (based on P. vinaceus) and Macrokurzia (based on P. daymanensis) are proposed. Two species previously known only from pistillate materials, P. cernuifolius and P. irregularis, are clarified by description of staminate specimens, while in the case of P. copelandii, a previously unrecognized staminate feature is described. Field data for the inadequately known species P. leptocarpus are provided, and the first illustrations of the type specimen (staminate) of P. houlletii are provided. These taxa are discussed under the subgenera to which they are referred in the synopsis (Stone, 1974).

Description: In the present revision of Platymitra Boerlage two species are recognized, including one new combination.

Description: Scanning electron microscope studies of the indumentum of Cissus adnata Roxb., C. assamica (Laws.) Craib and C. aristata Blume, show that the structure of the trichomes varies between taxa but is consistent within each taxon. These three species are distinct and easily recognised by the nature and distribution of these trichomes although they have been frequently confused in the literature with respect to their circumscription and synonymy. Cissus adnata, which extends from India to Australia, has both multicellular, uniseriate and unicellular 2-armed trichomes on the abaxial leaf surface, glabrous stipules and pubescent ovary; C. assamica found from India to New Guinea has unicellular, 2-armed hairs sparsely distributed, glabrous stipules and ovary; C. aristata extending from Burma to Papua New Guinea has scattered unicellular, 2-armed hairs, pubescent stipules and glabrous ovary. There are 4 text-figures.

Description: Septal nectaries are formed by local regions of later nectariferous epidermal cells on the sides of the carpels at their very base. In order that the epidermal cells may differentiate into nectariferous cells, the carpels which constitute the gynoecium have to develop as separate organs. It was argued that if no septal nectaries develop, this free carpel development does not take place. The nectariferous regions get shaped as nectar containers by dermal fusion of the sides of the carpels surrounding them, by upward growth of the apex, and mostly also by meristematic continuity of part of the ovary wall on the outside. By the latter the level of the openings of the nectaries on the ovary is defined. Septal nectaries in Monocotyledons are considered original.

Description: On comparing Australian collections of Jagera javanica (Blume) Kalkman with Malesian material, I was struck by some slight but constant differences in the flower. This led me to the recognition of a new subspecies, as follows: Jagera javanica (Blume) Kalkman, Blumea 7 (1953) 470 subsp. australiana Leenh., subsp. nov. Folia 9-15-jugata. Petala intus squama lata incurvata dense villosa 2 cristis grandiusculis latis glabris ornata instructa. Filamenta staminum plene dense candide villosa. – Typus: B. Gray 1455, Queensland, Cook Dist., Little Mossman, State Forest Res. 143, 16° 32' S, 145° 22' E, male fl. (BRI; iso in L, QRS).

Description: In my Bibliographia Lauracearum (1964) I noted that Arbor camphorifera barosiensis sylv. Valentijn (p. 99), Arbor camphorifera sumatrana, etc., Breyn. (p. 100), Camphora malaiensis Wittstein (p. 194), Camphora sumatrensis W. ten Rhijne ex Breyn. (p. 198), Lauras foliis ovalibus acuminatis, etc., Houttuyn (p. 624) and Laurus sumatrensis J.F. Gmelin (p. 708), represented the well known timber tree Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. f. Of these names, Laurus sumatrensis J.F.Gmelin, Syst. Veg. 650 (1791 & 1796), is validly published and takes priority over Gaertner’s name (1805).

Description: The monotypic genus Laumoniera (Simaroubaceae) and the species L. bruceadelpha are described on a collection from Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia.

Description: Medinilla ramiflora auct. non Merr.: Bakh. f., Thesis (1943) 194, pro Atasrip 236. Medinilla rubrifructus auct. non Ohwi: Veldk., Blumea 24 (1978) 454, pro Atasrip 236.

Description: Twenty-five species of the red algal family Ceramiaceae are reported from the exposed northeast coast of the Caribbean island of Curaçao. Some of the more interesting finds are discussed in some detail, and one species, Spermothamnion antillarum, is described as new to science. Twelve species are recorded from the island for the first time. A survey of all Ceramiaceae ever recorded from Curaçao yields a total of 60 species, an uncommonly high number for any Caribbean region. Explanations for this high number may be found in the large variety of habitats and the relatively intense study the marine environment has undergone on this island.

Description: The development of inflorescences and flowers of the African Oil Palm up to anthesis is illustrated by scanning electron microscopy images. The time of origin relative to the development of the foliage leaves of the basipetalous succession of flowering rachillae is determined, as well as the time of morphological sex definition. The logical stage when sex is determined is inferred to be not before the first appearance of the spikelet primordia. Female flower groups develop acropetally as triaxial cincinni, the male units as reduced ones. A developmental diagram is added.

Description: The monotypic genus Motleyia (Rubiaceae) and the species M. borneensis are described on material from NW. Borneo. It is similar to Prismatomeris, from which it differs by the morphology of stipules, leaves, flowers, fruits and pollen grains and the occurrence of colleters inside the calyx limb.

Description: A key to the 40 Malesian genera of Sapindaceae is provided. This key is only meant for fruiting specimens. As a first quick check of the correctness of the identification, short indications of the geography of the genera and, when present, figures of the fruits are provided.

Description: The genus Gentingia (Rubiaceae, Rubioideae) is described to accommodate the species G. subsessilis. It is a small tree or shrub with white, sessile or almost sessile, terminal flowers and glossy blackish, 1- or 2-seeded drupes, and is known only from submontane rain forests in NW. Peninsular Malaysia. It differs from the closely related genera Rennellia, Prismatomeris and Motleyia in the morphology of branches, stipules, inflorescence and calyx.

Description: Affinis C. monticoli Baillon ex Guill. sed vulgo fruticosa foliis crassis, plerumque retusis vel emarginatis, calycibus brevibus. – Frutex ad 3 m altus, raro scandens ad 7 m altus. Stipulae 1,3- 4,1 mm longae. Folia 2 ad nodos. Petiolus 3-31 mm longus. Lamina 2,3-15 cm longa, 1-7 cm lata, oblonga vel anguste oblonga vel anguste ad late obovata vel elliptica vel late elliptica, coriacea, infra pallide viridis vel glauca; basis anguste cuneata; margo plus minusve reflexa; apex obtusus vel retusus vel emarginatus vel acuminatus acumine ad 3 mm longo; nervi secundarii (4 —) 5—9 (—10); domatia absentia. Inflorescentia corymbosa vel breviter paniculata, 1-4 cm longa, nodis tumidis, (1-)5-20-flora; inflorescentiae partiales 3-7, 1-4-florae; pedicellus simplex vel raro biconnatus, (0-)0,5-9 mm longus et 0,9-1,3 mm latus (florens). Calycis tubus 0,8-1,9 mm longus et 2,4 – 3,2 mm latus, intus colleteribus numerosis; dentes ad 0,3 mm longi. Corollae tubus 3-7 mm longus et 2,2-2,9 mm latus; lobi 10-16 mm longi et 2,3-4,1 mm lati. Filamenta 3,4-8 mm longa; antherae 5-8 mm longae. Ovarium simplex. Stylus 7,5-11 mm longus; stigma 3,3-6 mm longum. Drupa 15-18 mm longa et 13-15 mm lata, globosa vel obovoidea, lutescens. – Typus: Johansson 107, New Caledonia, Pic du Pin, 400 m alt., 30 Dec. 1983 (S, holo). Usually a shrub up to 3 m, sometimes a liana up to 7 m. Stipules 1.3-4.1 mm long. Leaves 2 at each node; petiole 3-31 mm long; lamina 2.3-15 x 1-7 cm, usually oblong or obovate or elliptic, sometimes narrowly oblong or narrowly or broadly obovate or broadly elliptic, coriaceous and thick, green or yellowish green on adaxial side, paler green to glaucous on abaxial side; base narrowly cuneate; margin reflexed; apex usually obtuse and rounded or broadly acute, sometimes retuse or emarginate or acuminate with acumen up to 3 mm long; pairs of secondary veins (4-)5-9(-10); venation yellowish green to yellow; domatia lacking; cuticle striate. Inflorescence a corymb or a short panicle, 1-4 cm long, with 5-20 flowers (flowers rarely single in an axillary reduced cyme); partial inflorescences 3-7, dichasia, each with 1-4 flowers; nodes of branches swollen; lowermost inflorescence branches 0.6-2 cm long; branches opposite; pedicels usually simple, rarely partially connate, (0-)0.5-9 mm long and 0.9-1.3 mm in diam. in flower, up to 11 mm long and up to at least 2 mm in diam. in fruit; calyx tube 0.8-1.9 mm long, 2.4-3.2 mm in diam.; colleters abundant along base of adaxial side; calyx teeth up to 0.3 mm long; corolla tube 3-7 mm long, 2.2-2.9 mm in diam.; corolla lobes 10-16 mm long, 2.3-4.1 mm wide, 2.1-3.3 times longer than tube; filaments 3.4-8 mm long; anthers 5-8 mm long; pollen grains: P = 39-46 μm; E = 44-60 μm; ovaries simple; style 7.5-11 mm long; stigma 3.3-6 mm long. Fruit 15-18 x 13-15 mm, globose to obovoid, yellow.

Description: Being engaged during several years with a revision of the grasses preserved in the Rijks-Herbarium at the University of Leyden, my attention was called to the group of the Stipeae, and especially to the very difficult genus of Aristida. After an exhaustive study of the literature, I thought it desirable to have a monograph of this genus, containing extensive keys for the determination of all the species hitherto known, and I resolved to prepare such a work. It has been my good fortune that I had at my disposal not only the valuable collections of the Rijks-Herbarium, but that by the courtesy of the directors of the great herbaria in Europe and in America, I could study many thousands of specimens, among them authentic specimens and types. So several years elapsed before the revision was finished. Before I am going to publish my work, it seemed desirable to prepare a preliminary paper on the subject, dealing with the literature studied and the results of the critical examination of the types, moreover the new species found in herbaria are included in this paper. To find easily the original description and the type specimen, I give in alphabetical order all the species and varieties hitherto described, no matter if they are accepted in my monograph as valid or not.

Description: The kindness of Dr. GOETHART has enabled me to investigate all the Myxomycetes (Myxogasteres, Mycetozoa) which are kept in the Rijks-Herbarium at Leyden. Among the older collections I found those of PERSOON, V. HALL, HANKARL, BUSE, JUNGHUHN, WAGNER. Only a little part of these collections remains, owing to the way, in which the above-mentioned collectors used to conserve their materials.

Description: The present study is based on the well-known publication “Caribbean Seashells” by Warmke & Abbott (1961); its data are not repeated here, but a large number of mainly small species were added. Most data from “Gegevens over Mariene Gastropoden van Curaçao” by De Jong & Kristensen (1965) have been included. Furthermore most of the photos of species in “A survey of the littoral Gastropoda of the Netherlands Antilles and other Caribbean Islands” by Coomans (1958) are reproduced. The figures of species treated by us and occurring in “Caribbean Seashells”, in “The Western Atlantic Marine Mollusks, described by C. B. Adams” by Clench & Turner (1950) or in “American Seashells” by Abbott (1974) are referred to.

Description: In der obersenonen Mastrichter Tuffkreide finden sich kleine Zähne, die durch ihre glatten Kauflächen und die Furchen an den Seiten des oberen Teiles an Kauplatten von Myliobatis erinneren, einen Rochentypus, der ein an durophage Lebensweise angepasstes Gebiss hat. Niemals findet man aber die für diese Familie so typische langgestreckte Form der Zahnplatten; die Zahnoberfläche hat immer rhombische Form. Dames hat eine ausführliche Beschreibung von diesen Zähnen gegeben, die er für Reste eines Cestracion-artigen Namen Rhombodus Binkhorsti Haies hielt, dem er den gab. Ich möchte hier nur noch einige kurze Bemerkungen hinzufügen. Die Abbildungen (fig. 1) zeigen den typischen rhombenförmigen Umriss der Kaufläche (d). Die durch eine in der Richtung der kurzen Diagonale verlaufende, tiefe Rinne in zwei Hälften geteilte Wurzel hat ebenfalls die Gestalt eines Rhombus (fig. 1, b, e). An der Grenze von Krone und Wurzel findet sich an der einen Seite eine Rinne, an der anderen Seite eine vorspringende Leiste (fig. 1 c). Zusammen mit den verticalen Furchen, mit denen die Seiten versehen sind, hat diese Leiste zur Verbindung der Zähne untereinander zu einem Mahlpflaster gedient. Neben dieser regelmässigen Form, die besonders den grösseren Zähnen eigen ist, fanden sich aber Exemplare, die eine Abweichung zeigen, indem nämlich entweder zwei Seiten eines spitzen Winkels des Rhomboïds länger sind wie die beiden anderen, oder das Rhomboïd unsymmetrisch zusammengepresst ist. Es scheint mir, dass dies nicht eine zufällige Variation ist, sondern dass wir gerade durch diese Eigentümlichkeit etwas mehr über die ganze Zusammenstellung des Gebisses erfahren können. Wie ich unten noch näher auseinandersetzen werden, muss man nämlich Rhombodus zu den durophagen Stachelrochen stellen. Bei diesen findet man sehr oft gerade die grössten Zähne in der Mitte des Kiefers. Wenn man nun die Zahl der Zahnreihen, wie es gewöhnlich bei den grosszähnigen Rochen der Fall ist Rhombodus-Unterkiefers zu 7 bis 9 annimmt, so könnte man das Gebiss eines auf eine Weise rekonstruieren, wie es fig. 3 A zeigt, (wobei die verschiedenen obengenannten Formen vorkommen). Es wäre wohl ein grosser Zufall wenn man noch einige Zähne im ursprünglichen Verband finden würde. Wenn einmal die knorpeligen Kiefer aufgelöst sind, bieten die Seitenfurchen nicht genug Festigkeit und fallen die einzelnen Zähne auseinander.

Description: Die Korallen, die in den folgenden Zeilen besehrieben werden sollen, gehören drei verschiedenen Sammlungen an. Die Korallen von Nias fanden sieh unter den umfangreichen Aufsammlungen, die der niederländische Verwaltungsbeambte E. E. W. Gs. Schröder auf dieser Insel gemacht und dem Leidener Museum überwiesen hat. Die interessanten Fungiden wurden von Herrn J. Bosscha bei M. G. Linggapadang in der Residenz Tegal auf Java gesammelt und dem hiesigen Museum geschenkt. Die Korallen von Borneo schliesslich wurden mir von Herrn Dr. Tobler, Abteilungsvorsteher am naturhistorischen Museum in Basel, zur Bearbeitung anvertraut, sie bilden eine Ergänzung zu dem früher von Borneo beschriebenen Korallenmaterial.

Description: Da die Originale der von Göppert aus dem Tertiär von Java beschriebenen Arten Piperites Hasskarlianus und Junghuhnites javanicus nicht mehr vorhanden sind, die vorliegenden Beschreibungen für eine Bestimmung aber nicht ausreichen, so sind sie aus der fossilen Flora Javas zu streichen. Das gilt auch von Miquelites elegans, dessen schlechte Erhaltung eine sichere Bestimmung unmöglich macht. Bredaea moroides dagegen ist ebenso wie Naucleoxylon spectabile Crié sowie ein bisher unbeschriebenes Kieselholz von Java eine Dipterocarpacee. Die Stücke werden beschrieben als Dipterocarpoxylon moroides, D. spectabile und D. Göpperti n. sp. Die Frage, ob es möglich ist, diese wie andere fossile Dipterocarpoxyla bestimmten rezenten Dipterocarpaceengattungen zuzuweisen, soll später erörtert werden. Frankfurt a/M. Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut der Universität.

Description: Behalve uit de koralen, die ik ter plaatse verzameld heb, werd het studiemateriaal samengesteld uit de verzamelingen der Rijks-Geologische Musea der Universiteiten te Leiden, te Utrecht en te Groningen en uit die der Landbouwhoogeschool te Wageningen. Verder uit de collectie van Teyler’s Stichting te Haarlem, van het Natuur-Historische Genootschap in Limburg en de Stadsverzameling in het „Athenaeum”, beiden te Maastricht. Bovendien heb ik de uitgebreide collectie van het Musée Royal d’Histoire Naturelle te Brussel en de origineelen van Goldfuss te Bonn, ter plaatse mogen bestudeeren. Een doorzoeken der Universiteitsverzameling te München en der Technische Hoogeschool te Delft leverde mij geen nieuw materiaal meer. Van elk der beschreven soorten kon ik minstens één goed exemplaar samenbrengen in het Rijks-Geologisch Museum te Leiden, alleen Favia Maastrichtensis wordt te Wageningen bewaard.

Description: A distribution survey of Hyla arborea has been carried out in the western part of Zealand Flanders over a period of six years. Additional data on the eastern part and the neighbouring Belgian area have been collected. The relationship between the maximum number of males calling on one evening/night and the estimate of their population size is a suitable basis to predict the total number of males in other pools during a season. Methodological aspects of the fieldwork are discussed. Great fluctuations in presence and activity of the Tree Frog illustrate the need for longterm surveys. Hyla arborea is declining, and nowadays its distribution is restricted to some localities in the western part of the region. These localities are classified according to the number of males and their importance for conservation.

Description: Sediment patterns such as texture, composition, and facies from three selected areas of the Antarctic continental margin of the Weddell Sea are discussed in relation to environmental variations of the Quaternary hydrosphere and kryosphere. Advance and retreat of ice shelves as well as oscillations in sea ice coverage are reflected by particular sediment facies. The distribution of ice-rafted detritus tracks the Antarctic Coastal Current, and the Weddell Sea Bottom water contour current can be recognized by its distinctive winnowing and erosion pattern. Distribution and abundance of biogenic sediment components are mainly controlled by duration of sea ice coverage reflecting the long-term climatic evolution.

Description: The histological structure of cephalothoracic and abdominal integuments has been studied in the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus. In the branchial region of the carapace, there are a thin epicuticle, an exocuticle, and a relatively thick endocuticle, followed by a layer of columnar epithelium and underlying connective tissue. This pattern is repeated on the inner surface of the carapace fold but with generally thinner cuticular layers. Within the connective tissue there are tegumental glands, haemocytes, and some reserve inclusions. The abdominal integument shows a modified cuticle structure which is probably related to its specific function as an adhesive organ attaching the hermit crab to the inner surface of the gastropod shell. The cuticle is uncalcified and it shows deep wrinkles and grooves.