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  • finite element method
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-05-26
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This collection contains 10500 computationally generated, randomised 2D microstructures, their geometrical and electrical properties, and the Matlab software package used to calculate these properties. The two-phase microstructures (mineral matrix, pore space) represent three different pore space types (microfracture networks, intergranular pore space, oomoldic pore space) and are organised into 35 ensembles - with common modelling parameters - of 100 individual microstructure realisations each. For all realisations, several geometrical properties (percolation, total porosity, connected porosity, isolated porosity, surface area, fractal dimension) and physical properties (formation factor from electrical resistivity, electrical tortuosity) are given. The collection also includes a Matlab-based finite element simulation package derived from the FEMALY library, which can be used to compute the properties of any given 2D raster microstructure.
    Keywords: petrophysics ; microstructure ; finite element method ; permeability and porosity ; statistical methods ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 〉 SEDIMENTARY ROCK PHYSICAL/OPTICAL PROPERTIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 〉 SEDIMENTARY ROCK PHYSICAL/OPTICAL PROPERTIES 〉 ELECTRICAL ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 geophysics
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This Special Issue focuses on topics related to spintronic devices, such as spin-based magnetoresistive memories, multiferroic interconnects and sensors, microfluidic solenoid valves, and magnetoelectric antennas with broad practical applications.
    Keywords: optimization design ; magnetic isolation ring ; dynamic response characteristics ; simulation ; transition jitter ; heat-assisted magnetic recording ; magnetic footprints ; antenna miniaturization ; ME antenna ; mason equivalent circuit model ; finite element simulation ; high gain ; electrodeposition ; permalloy ; magnetoresistance ; MOKE ; AMR ; FMR ; planar hall effect ; gradiometer ; magnetic sensor ; synthetic multiferroic ; interconnects ; magnetic logic devices ; spintronics ; spin-transfer torque magnetic tunnel junctions (STT-MTJ) ; Ising annealing system ; combinatorial optimization problem ; magnetostriction ; magneto-deformation ; magnetoactive elastomer ; normal force ; hysteresis ; magnetorheological elastomer ; finite element method ; micromagnetics ; spin and charge drift-diffusion ; MRAM ; SOT-MRAM ; temperature scaling ; temperature effects ; incubation time ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHK Electricity, electromagnetism & magnetism
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Implementing sustainable development is central to achieving global reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating anthropogenic environmental impacts. As defined by the UN 2030 Agenda and its associated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), sustainable development requires a holistic, interdisciplinary approach, which is not without its challenges. Indeed, studies tracking global progress toward meeting the 2030 SDG targets emphasize the importance of implementing sustainable solutions, with several SDG targets described as 'off track.' Therefore, there is an urgent need to address the challenges of an interdisciplinary, unified, and practical approach to sustainable implementation. In this context, this Reprint brings together 15 selected papers presented during the 2022 SDEWES Conference. These papers cover a broad range of topics, from circular governance models to education related to sustainable practices, as well as the impacts of current legislative frameworks targeting energy efficiency, built environment energy performance, bio-based industrial applications, transport and sustainable energy services, and production, supply, and infrastructure maintenance strategies. This Reprint provides an interdisciplinary and holistic perspective on sustainable development solutions, with several papers highlighting the interrelations between various fields and aspects of sustainability.
    Keywords: combined heat and power ; hospitality ; feasibility ; sensitivity analysis ; simple payback ; energy performance certificate ; CO2 ; multi-apartment buildings ; heating ; energy consumption ; cooling ; performance-based retrofit ; decision support ; building performance simulation ; parametric analysis ; multiple-criteria decision analysis ; residential buildings ; in-line inspection ; smart pig ; sensor ; oil ; natural gas ; pipeline ; environment ; biorefinery ; organosolv ; lignin ; pre-treatment ; higher education ; competencies development ; STEM education ; sustainability ; colloidal particles ; Pickering emulsion ; rheological behaviour ; ESCO business models ; aggregator business models ; energy services for buildings ; energy performance contract ; Pay-for-Performance contract ; energy efficiency in buildings ; demand response ; demand side flexibility ; residential sector ; governance ; circular economy ; circular territories ; index ; circularity ; thermal transmittance ; thermal resistance ; finite element method ; heat flux sensor ; in situ monitoring ; concrete masonry unit ; hydrogen ; water ; wastewater ; electrolysis ; water scarcity ; wastewater treatment plants ; desalination ; Jordan ; system dynamics ; thermal comfort ; Minha Casa Minha Vida ; natural ventilation ; bioclimatic architecture ; social housing ; energy poverty ; battery electric vehicles ; plug-in hybrid electric vehicles ; hybrid electric vehicles ; CO2 emissions ; Hofstede ; advertising ; sustainability integration ; Middle East ; supply chain management ; responsible logistics ; education for SDGs ; natural gas pipelines ; nondestructive testing (NDT) ; in-line inspection robot ; wireless communication ; antenna ; circular waveguide ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The fatigue of metallic materials stands as a pivotal challenge in engineering applications. Exploring the fatigue damage mechanism and fatigue life prediction of metallic materials is of paramount importance. This reprint includes articles that explore relevant topics, and they are intended for academic researchers, engineers, and students seeking a comprehensive understanding of the recent advancements in this field.
    Keywords: 7075 aluminum alloy ; outdoor exposure ; actual marine atmosphere ; pre-corrosion ; fatigue ; fretting fatigue ; digital image correlation ; relative slip ; tangential contact stiffness ; planetary transmission ; hierarchical analysis ; finite element method ; reliability modeling ; fatigue test ; nickel-based superalloy ; non-unified constitutive models ; creep-fatigue ; cyclic softening ; stress relaxation ; 2D-EBSD mapping ; intragranular misorientation ; KAM and GROD ; isotropic linear evolution ; mesoscopic plastic strain ; 3D polycrystalline plasticity model ; nickel-based alloy GH4169 ; complex stress state ; biaxial fatigue ; fatigue crack behavior ; phase field methods ; fatigue fracture ; performance improvement strategies ; rails ; rail steel ; reutilization ; fatigue life ; rail reliability ; crack ; geometric factor ; support vector regression ; pilot plant ; shape optimization ; flow guide disk ; vent hole ; design optimization ; fatigue crack initiation ; short crack ; Neuber’s rule ; strain energy density (SED) ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; TRIP steel ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Acousto-optic technologies have increasingly attracted the attention of scientists and engineers. Acousto-optic interactions have become the flexible basis of compact and robust devices for the analysis of the intensity, spectrum, polarization, and other properties of light. In this book, modern trends of acousto-optical spectral technologies, including the fundamentals and optimization of existing techniques, are highlighted and discussed. This reprint provides a forum for reports on technical developments that allow the spectral analysis of various objects to take place. The goal of this reprint is to provide readers with an overview of the hot topics and the state of the art regarding the applications of acousto-optic techniques, including new materials and structures, theoretical and experimental studies of light diffraction by ultrasonic waves, spectroscopy, and spectral imaging.
    Keywords: acousto-optics ; phased-array piezoelectric transducers ; acousto-optic materials ; anisotropic Bragg diffraction ; acousto-optic devices ; spectral imaging ; acousto-optic interaction ; image quality ; confocal scheme ; collimating scheme ; AOTF spectrometer ; in situ measurement ; lunar surface ; terahertz radiation ; diffraction ; liquefied inert gas ; transparent electrode ; mesh structure ; sheet resistance ; transparency ; groove ; lithography ; chemical deposition ; shielding efficiency ; acousto-optic crystals ; propagation of acoustic waves ; non-destructive testing ; impulse acoustic microscopy ; AOTF ; AutoML ; feature wavelength selection ; near infrared detection system ; aberrations ; coordinate mapping ; figure of merit ; monoclinic crystal ; potassium rare-earth tungstate ; two-dimensional phononic crystals ; fused silica ; finite element method ; polarization of acoustic waves ; acousto–optic interaction ; acousto-optic ; tunable filter ; surface plasmon resonance ; surface electromagnetic wave spectroscopy ; thin film thickness ; wavelength and angular interrogation ; refractive index sensing ; AOTF spectral imager ; geometric calibration of AO crystal ; spectral response ; imaging aberrations ; tuning curve ; acousto-optic interaction geometry ; polar angular analysis ; tolerance analysis ; spectral imaging system ; polarization multiplexed ; high throughput ; color reproduction ; spectral power distribution ; Bragg diffraction ; multi-wavelength light filtration ; image processing ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHJ Optical physics
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: It is crucial that scientists and engineers develop their expertise and capability through research and practice to quantify the interaction of infrastructure with the surroundings and the ground upon which they are founded. Therefore, the engineering concept ‘soil–structure interaction’ forms an integral part of delivering successful project outcomes. As the Lead and Honorary Editor for this Special Issue, Soil–Structure Interaction, I cordially invited the submission of esteemed articles related to recent projects, research, or case studies. These articles detail how geosciences (soil, rock, ground water, geochemistry, geology, hydrogeology, surface run-off, rain, wind, and temperature) directly interact with and impact the performance of human-made structures, buildings, or infrastructure through the following aspects: i) Underground construction; ii) Innovative ground improvement methods; iii) Geological explorations and interpretation; iv) Instrumentation and field observational method; v) Use of artificial intelligence or algorithms; vi) Forensic engineering or inverse-analysis methods; vii) Geophysical methods for soil or rock characterization; viii) Advancement in laboratory and field testing of geomaterials; ix) Advancement in numerical analysis; x) Advancement in multi-disciplinary design theories, codes of practice, and engineering education.
    Keywords: large diameter bored pile ; finite element method ; load transfer ; failure mechanism ; overconsolidated stiff clay ; two dimensional axisymmetric ; drained and undrained conditions ; deep excavation ; contiguous bored pile wall ; capping beam ; groundwater ; wall permeability ; elastic settlement ; shallow foundations ; rigid footings ; contact pressure ; equivalent shape ; seismic response analysis ; soil structure interaction ; continuum mechanics ; structural mechanics ; soil spring ; high performance computing ; unbound granular materials (UGMs) ; degree of saturation (DOS) ; repeated load triaxial test (RLT) ; resilient modulus ; plastic strain ; dispersion curve ; shear wave ; seismic dilatometer ; soil mechanics ; in situ test ; biopolymer-treated soils ; soil improvement ; geotechnical properties ; biopolymer soil interaction ; soft soil behaviour ; soft soil stabilisation ; silt content ; unconfined compressive strength ; consolidated undrained strength ; microstructure analysis ; interface shear test ; surface roughness ; critical roughness ; random or ribbed surface roughness ; friction development ; PIV technology ; load–settlement response ; bi-directional static load test ; supercell ; analytical solution ; Randolph method ; the modified closed-form analytical solutions ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The need for electromechanical energy conversion that takes place in electric motors, generators, and actuators is an important aspect associated with current development. The efficiency and effectiveness of the conversion process depends on both the design of the devices and the materials used in those devices. In this context, this book addresses important aspects of electrical machines, namely their materials, design, and optimization. It is essential for the design process of electrical machines to be carried out through extensive numerical field computations. Thus, the reprint also focuses on the accuracy of these computations, as well as the quality of the material models that are adopted. Another aspect of interest is the modeling of properties such as hysteresis, alternating and rotating losses and demagnetization. In addition, the characterization of materials and their dependence on mechanical quantities such as stresses and temperature are also considered. The reprint also addresses another aspect that needs to be considered for the development of the optimal global system in some applications, which is the case of drives that are associated with electrical machines.
    Keywords: switched reluctance motor drive ; model predictive control ; continuous control set ; pulse-width modulation ; magnetization surface ; electrical drive ; magnetic permeability ; effective parameters ; induction motor ; finite element method ; linear electric actuators ; linear switched reluctance actuators ; permanent magnets ; linear hybrid reluctance actuators ; machine design ; finite element analysis ; detent force reduction ; flux switching ; performance comparison ; torque density ; permanent magnet (PM) ; eddy current loss ; heat generation ; magnetic circuit ; magnetic composite material ; spatial harmonics ; concentrated winding motor ; additive manufacturing ; convolution ; infinite impulse response (IIR) filters ; additive white noise ; DC drift ; magnetic flux density ; magnetic hysteresis ; kernel ; magnetic materials ; soft magnetic materials ; selective laser melting ; iron losses ; magnetic properties ; transformer ; induction motors ; surrogate optimization ; Box–Behnken design ; Latin-hypercube sampling ; clustering ; particle swarm optimization ; pattern search ; SRM ; PV panels ; water pumping system ; multilevel converter ; fault-tolerant ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The title of the current Special Issue, “Feature Papers in Materials Simulation and Design”, has identified the aims of this collection since its opening: the gathering of research works and comprehensive review papers that advance the understanding and prediction of material behavior at different scales, from atomistic to macroscopic, through innovative modeling and simulation.In this context, interdisciplinary researches that tackled challenging and complex material problems where the governing phenomena might span different scales of material behavior, with an emphasis on the development of quantitative approaches to explain and predict experimental observations, have been collected. Similarly, particular attention has been given to homogenization techniques for the evaluation of the mechanical properties of new materials and multi-phase composites. Innovative numerical approaches for the mechanical analysis, highlighting their accuracy, reliability, and stability features, have been also welcomed. Significant space has been also given to advanced and sustainable technologies. From the aforementioned topics, it is evident that this Special Issue represents the ideal forum for disseminating excellent research findings, as well as sharing innovative ideas in this significant field.Throughout the several months of activity, this Special Issue has been able to attract much interesting research. Its success is proven by the sixteen papers collected and published.
    Keywords: die height ; biomass compaction ; relaxation coefficient ; briquette density ; logging residues ; mechanical engineering ; scale opening mechanics ; seed extraction ; morphological structure ; numerical simulation ; computational fluid dynamics ; OpenFOAM ; cementitious materials ; Bingham rheology ; pumping ; reliability ; pentagon-based 2D material ; thermal conductivity ; thermoelectric properties ; anharmonicity ; additive manufacturing ; fused deposition modeling ; lattice structures ; TPU ; layering ; zirconia ceramics ; brittle medium ; porosity ; Kolsky method ; compressibility ; strength ; fracture ; stress growth rate ; light-harvesting ; water splitting ; photoferroics ; high-throughput screening ; Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites ; high-pressure water jet ; high-pressure water-ice jet ; paint coating ; geometric structure of the surface ; base ; surface efficiency of the process ; renovation ; acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ; artificial neural networks ; dynamic mechanical properties ; Particle Swarm Optimization ; green composite ; bumper beam ; numerical modeling ; energy absorption ; natural fibers ; axial vibration ; short-fiber-reinforced ; Fourier series ; nonlocal elasticity ; thin-walled ; FEM ; thermal buckling analysis ; tungsten trioxide ; graphene oxide ; photocatalysis ; nanocomposite ; composite laminate ; mode-II delamination ; R-curve ; temperature ; cohesive law ; nonlinear hyperelastic material ; viscoelasticity ; semi-analytical polynomial method ; large deformation ; finite element method ; numerical methods ; thin shells ; variable-stiffness structures ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Collectively, the studies presented in this reprint have used various validated biomechanical models or proposed novel methods of motion analysis to gain new insights into health-related problems and sports performance.
    Keywords: human ankle model ; product of exponentials formula ; anthropometry ; biomechanics ; coordinate measuring machines ; kinematics ; pose estimation ; position measurement ; biomedical informatics ; adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) ; surface electromyography (sEMG) ; paraspinal muscle ; Schroth exercise ; paraspinal muscle symmetry index (PMSI) ; negative heel shoes ; positive heel shoes ; gait ; pregnant women ; OpenSim ; IDEEA ; dentistry ; dental unit chair systems ; muscle fatigue ; muscle activation ; in vivo study ; femoral neck fracture ; internal fixation ; intramedullary fixation ; finite element analysis ; finite element ; proximal junctional failure ; spinal reconstruction ; thoracolumbar ; rollback ; ligament strain ; kinematic alignment ; mechanical alignment ; total knee arthroplasty ; markerless motion capture system ; gait analysis ; joint moment ; joint power ; running economy ; running style ; duty factor ; vertical oscillation ; stride frequency ; freezing of gait ; gait initiation ; Parkinson’s disease ; posture ; segmental centers of mass ; anthropometric measurement ; base of support ; hand exoskeleton design ; motion simulation ; rehabilitation ; intention recognition ; machine learning ; deep learning ; two-dimensional (2D) image ; marker-free video ; walking speed ; walking speed classification ; bi-LSTM ; redundant feature ; ratio-based body measurement ; optimal feature ; surface topography ; rasterstereographic back shape analysis ; normative data ; healthy adults ; posture analysis ; spine ; intelligent system ; classroom behavior ; motion identification ; shoulder activity ; sensor ; rehabilitation protocol ; proximal humerus fracture ; ground reaction force ; knee and hip ; lower limb ; normal walking ; musculoskeletal multibody dynamics ; spinal biomechanics ; spinal alignment ; spinal loading ; muscle force computation ; thoracolumbar spine ; biomechanical model ; electromyography ; inertial measurement units ; gait-phase prediction ; spinal cord injury (SCI) ; muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) ; surface electromyography (EMG) ; EMG–force relation ; composite index ; characteristic points ; multivariable linear regression ; anterior cruciate ligament deficiency ; competitive swimming ; performance ; velocity fluctuations ; multibody simulation ; finite element method ; co-simulation ; sports ; degeneration ; intervertebral disc ; coupled ; embryo implantation ; human choriocarcinoma cell ; extracellular matrix ; stiffness ; durotaxis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: As one of the fastest-growing topics in machine learning, deep learning algorithms have achieved unprecedented success in recent years. Novel paradigms (such as contrastive learning and few-shot learning) in deep learning and rising neural network architectures (e.g., transformer and masked autoencoder) are dramatically changing the field of data-driven algorithms. More importantly, deep learning models are redefining the next generation of industrial applications spanning image recognition, speech processing, language translation, healthcare, and other sciences. For example, recent advances in deep representation learning are allowing us to learn about protein 3D structures, which sheds new light on fundamental medicine and biology along with potentially bringing in billions of dollars (e.g., in the pharmaceutical market). This collection gathers the advanced studies of novel deep learning algorithms/frameworks and their applications in real-world scenarios. The topics cover, but are not limited to, supervised learning, explainable deep learning, finance, healthcare, and sciences.
    Keywords: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) ; pooling ; deep learning ; computer vision ; image analysis ; benchmark ; lithium-ion battery ; prognostics ; long short-term memory ; ARIMA ; reinforcement learning ; generative adversarial networks ; deep-learning ; crop/weed classification ; transfer learning ; feature extraction ; natural language processing ; image-text matching ; cheapfakes ; misinformation ; transformer encoder ; RoGPT2 ; control tokens ; summarization ; text generation ; human evaluation ; tricalcium silicate ; analytical model ; ion activity ; dissolution kinetics ; deep forest ; subsurface fluid flow ; Fourier neural operator ; small-shape data ; finite element method ; convolutional neural network ; sensitivity analysis ; source code comments ; classification ; machine learning techniques ; ANN flow law ; constitutive behavior ; radial return algorithm ; numerical implementation ; VUHARD ; GrC15 ; Abaqus Explicit ; defect detection ; surface defect detection ; defect detection for X-ray images ; defect recognition ; photoacoustic imaging ; image processing ; simulation ; reconstruction ; residual echo suppression ; acoustic echo cancellation ; speech enhancement ; graph neural network ; variational autoencoder ; nearest neighbours ; acute myeloid leukemia ; risk factors ; average treatment effect ; uplift modelling ; machine learning ; benzene ; ANOVA ; Shapley values ; self-explaining neural networks ; generalised additive models ; interpretability ; Siamese networks ; synthetic data ; cyclic learning ; unsupervised learning ; data augmentation ; single cell cultivation ; bioimage analysis ; finite element simulation ; plausibility checks ; convolutional neural networks ; storm surge ; hurricane ; forecasting ; CNN ; LSTM ; physics informed neural network ; dynamic force identification ; duffing’s equation ; spring mass damper system ; non-linear oscillators ; massive MIMO ; hybrid beamforming ; compressive measurement matrix ; long short-term memory network ; capsule network ; routing algorithm ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint contains fourteen chosen articles on robust design optimization of electrical machines and devices. Optimization is essential for the research and design of electromechanical devices, especially electrical machines. Finding optimal solutions may lead to cheaper and more efficient production of electrical machines. However, optimizing such a complex system as an electrical machine is a computationally expensive optimization problem, where many physical domains should be considered together. However, a good, practical design should be insensitive to parameter changes and the manufacturing tolerances. The collected papers show how modern artificial intelligence (AI) tools can be used for the robust design optimization of electric machines and electrical devices. The articles which are published in this Special Issue present the latest results of current research fields. Hopefully, the presented models and various application fields will provide useful information for researchers and professionals interested in these techniques themselves or who have other problems from different fields.
    Keywords: design optimization ; genetic algorithms ; Taguchi designs ; electromagnetic coupling ; additive manufacturing ; dynamic performance ; equivalent circuit model ; finite-element method ; linear induction motor ; longitudinal end effect ; transverse edge effect ; DLIM ; equivalent circuit ; end effect ; thrust ; finite element ; insulation core transformer ; non-uniformity of disk output voltage ; load regulation ; voltage compensation ; dummy primary winding ; PSO algorithm ; PMSM ; analytical method ; perturbation theory ; torque ; torque ripple ; rotor eccentricity ; optimization ; electrical machines ; finite element method ; nuclear power plant ; thermal degradation ; thermal-mechanical aging ; low-voltage cables ; polymer degradation ; dielectric spectroscopy ; hardness ; hairpin windings ; multi-objective optimizations ; Finite Element Method ; Lumped Parameter Model ; Permanent Magnet Synchronous Reluctance Motor ; rotor flux barrier ; torque development ; Aurivillius phases ; Bi3−xNdxTi1.5W0.5O9 ; activation energy Ea ; Curie temperature TC ; artificial intelligence ; optimization techniques ; self-organizing map ; power quality ; wind generation ; upgraded insulant ; ester oil-based nano fluids ; thermal conductivity ; relative viscosity ; nanoparticles effect ; alternative fluid ; temperature change ; model predictive control ; hysteresis current control ; execution time ; synchronous reluctance motors ; antenna array ; synthesis control ; quantized control ; array factor ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of this topic, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of materials testing in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in elements and structures using destructive, semidestructive, and nondestructive testing.
    Keywords: timber structures ; estimating mechanical parameters ; small clear specimens ; non-destructive tests ; semi-destructive tests ; resistance drilling ; ultrasonic wave ; stress wave ; visual grading ; concrete ; NDT ; finite element method ; experiment ; automated inspection ; frequency domain ; validation ; sulfate attack ; physical and mechanical properties ; damage model ; microstructure ; external thermal insulation systems ; mechanical properties of bonds ; polyurethane adhesive ; timber frame building ; bond strength ; shear properties ; residual magnetic field ; Barkhausen noise ; LCR circuits ; plastic deformation ; austenitic steel ; steel fibre-reinforced concrete ; steel fibres ; waste sand properties ; reinforced beam ; shear cracking ; shear capacity ; non-destructive testing ; damage detection ; vibrations ; modal analysis ; continuous wavelet transform ; concrete beam ; strengthening ; adhesive joint ; debonding ; S355 steel ; uniaxial tensile test ; strength properties ; true stress-strain relationships ; confining pressure ; expansive clay ; fiber ; flexible wall permeameter ; hydraulic conductivity ; lime ; rigid wall permeameter ; concrete corrosion ; concrete protection ; steel corrosion ; concrete durability ; coating materials ; masonry structures ; autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units (AAC) ; compressive strength ; minor-destructive (MDT) techniques ; non-destructive (NDT) techniques ; ultrasonic testing ; acoustoelastic effect (AE) ; hydrostatic stresses ; modeling ; DIC technique ; ready-mixed concrete ; construction architecture material ; inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC) ; proficiency testing (PT) ; concrete quality assessment ; fracture mechanics ; ductile fracture ; material microstructure ; void growth ; FEM model ; material testing ; geodesic dome ; seismic response ; dynamic analysis ; seismic analysis ; high temperature ; fire temperature ; residual strength ; heat accumulation factor ; variational asymptotic method ; reduced-order plate model ; orthogrid-stiffened panel ; free-vibration analysis ; global buckling ; steel plates ; ultrasonic tomography ; base material ; rock ; post-installed anchors ; adhesive anchor ; mechanical anchor ; load-bearing capacity ; GSI ; RMR ; rebound value ; rebound hammer ; semi-flexible pavement ; fatigue resistance ; cracking mechanism ; fatigue prediction ; fracture surface ; cement–cellulose composites ; ventilated façade ; acoustic emission method ; frequencies of acoustic emission signals ; geosynthetic ; design ; pullout resistance ; effective length ; reinforced earth ; clay bricks ; cement lime mortar ; infill masonry wall ; destructive force ; self-stressed anti-washout concrete ; segment assembly ; undrained strengthening ; axial compression test ; mechanical properties ; CFRP grid ; PCM ; interface ; mechanical model ; pull-out test ; finite element analysis ; external walls ; thermal measurements ; R-value ; thermal resistance ; temperature-based method ; heat flow meter method ; infrared thermography method ; 3D textile composite ; equivalent model ; buckling analysis ; interlaboratory comparison (ILC) ; risk analysis ; measurements uncertainty (MU) ; ceramic tiles adhesive (CTA) ; assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) ; construction product ; market surveillance ; artificial weathering testing in civil engineering ; construction profiles ; natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites ; building performance assessment ; microstructure analysis ; stairs ; masonry ; clay brick ; arch ; vault ; management ; quality ; light detection and ranging (LiDAR) ; TLS ; low-temperature construction additive ; preparation method ; volumetric properties ; modification mechanism ; mixture performance ; bio-rejuvenated additive ; 100% rejuvenation ; reclaimed asphalt pavement ; regeneration mechanism ; pavement performance ; macro-strain mode ; medium- and small-span bridges ; wavelet transform ; cross-correlation function ; hygrothermal simulation ; capillary active internal insulation ; mould risk ; moisture effects ; subgrade ; static load test ; deformation modulus ; reliability ; fine-grain concrete ; bond ; industrial computed tomography ; numerical simulation ; xCT ; rectangular profile ; torsional stiffness ; stiffness increase ; research ; guided waves ; longitudinal wave ; discrete element method ; numerical modelling ; dispersion curves ; recycled aggregate concrete ; sustainable aggregate ; flexural strength ; gradient boosting ; random forest ; ventilated facades ; large-scale model ; fibre cement boards ; fire exposure ; Bayesian approach ; prestressing force ; saw-cut method ; assessment ; pre-tensioned members ; waste from enrichment of water-soluble ores ; artificially supported mining method ; backfill ; activation ; nanomodifier astralene ; ultimate compressive strength ; cement ; air-entraining admixture ; plasticizing ; porosity ; air-content ; strength ; freeze-thawing resistance ; storage systems ; looseness ; stiffness ; beam-end connection ; bending ; gap ; clearance ; plastic viscosity ; yield stress ; machine learning ; volcanic soil ; mechanical property ; strength index ; particle crushing ; road engineering ; pavement ; fatigue ; modules ; FEM ; light weight deflectometer ; solid fired brick ; defects in the internal structure ; resonant pulse method ; material durability ; drying of soil ; microwave heating ; soil structure ; computed microtomography ; water content ; buckling ; stability ; civil engineering ; slender bars ; columns ; numerical analysis ; variable cross-section ; waste glass ; recycling ; construction materials ; sustainable concrete ; steel fiber ; building material ; fibers ; mortar ; hybrid ; artificial neural networks ; fibre-cement boards ; acoustic emission ; SEM ; steel fibers ; steel fiber-reinforced concrete ; backfill mining ; loading rate ; cumulative ringing count ; damage constitutive model ; CFRP ; bond–slip law ; RC slab ; retrofit ; strengthen ; self-compacting concrete ; prediction models ; FRP ; continuous RC slab ; optimal design ; asphalt aging ; material property ; climate condition ; pavement structure ; field rut depth ; precast concrete products ; quality control ; OC curve ; AOQ curve ; shear wave velocity ; bender elements ; triaxial testing ; micromechanics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: One of the most important aspects of the engineering assessment of the technical condition of structures and materials is the ability to assess the fatigue behavior of materials and structures. In addition, another important topic is the design of materials or structures that can resist fatigue and fracture. Modern science provides us with an increasing number of new materials, from superalloys of metals manufactured conventionally as well as via additive manufacturing to functionally advanced composites. Against this background, fundamental knowledge of the fatigue behavior and fracture mechanics of different material groups provides a convenient platform for communication between different interested groups and fields: from material science, numerical engineering and mathematical modeling to hybrid methods for fatigue life prediction. This Special Issue facilitates such an exchange of ideas on recent developments in the field of fatigue and fracture and is especially focused on fatigue crack growth analysis, the description of fatigue damage in metals and composites, probabilistic approaches and fracture mechanics analysis, as well as fatigue failure analysis and lifetime prediction.
    Keywords: functionally gradient material ; composite ; thin inhomogeneity ; fracture mechanics ; nonperfect contact ; stress intensity factor ; cyclic shear ; strain amplitude ; cyclic response ; martensitic transformation ; imperfect interface ; adhesive ; micro-cracking ; analytical modelling ; identification ; hardness ; polyurethane ; fatigue ; numerical analysis ; G20Mn5 cast steel ; columnar and equiaxed dendrites ; micro-shrinkages ; low-cycle fatigue ; CT-scan ; damage evolution ; inclined surface crack ; pipe ; crack closure ; external and axial pressure ; finite element analysis ; failure analysis ; FEA ; macroscopic research ; semi-trailers ; aluminum alloy ; crystal plasticity ; finite element method ; crack initiation ; fatigue of materials ; S–N curves ; 1.2709 steel ; 3D-printed materials ; SLM 3D printing ; local ratcheting ; A-V kinematic hardening model ; backstress evolution ; neuber ; Hoffman-Seeger ; Glinka rule ; Chaboche’s model ; aluminium alloys ; rolling direction ; high-cycle fatigue ; fracture analysis ; FEM analysis ; phase field model ; decagonal quasicrystal ; crack propagation ; brittle fracture ; mixed mode crack ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of this topic, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of materials testing in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in elements and structures using destructive, semidestructive, and nondestructive testing.
    Keywords: timber structures ; estimating mechanical parameters ; small clear specimens ; non-destructive tests ; semi-destructive tests ; resistance drilling ; ultrasonic wave ; stress wave ; visual grading ; concrete ; NDT ; finite element method ; experiment ; automated inspection ; frequency domain ; validation ; sulfate attack ; physical and mechanical properties ; damage model ; microstructure ; external thermal insulation systems ; mechanical properties of bonds ; polyurethane adhesive ; timber frame building ; bond strength ; shear properties ; residual magnetic field ; Barkhausen noise ; LCR circuits ; plastic deformation ; austenitic steel ; steel fibre-reinforced concrete ; steel fibres ; waste sand properties ; reinforced beam ; shear cracking ; shear capacity ; non-destructive testing ; damage detection ; vibrations ; modal analysis ; continuous wavelet transform ; concrete beam ; strengthening ; adhesive joint ; debonding ; S355 steel ; uniaxial tensile test ; strength properties ; true stress-strain relationships ; confining pressure ; expansive clay ; fiber ; flexible wall permeameter ; hydraulic conductivity ; lime ; rigid wall permeameter ; concrete corrosion ; concrete protection ; steel corrosion ; concrete durability ; coating materials ; masonry structures ; autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units (AAC) ; compressive strength ; minor-destructive (MDT) techniques ; non-destructive (NDT) techniques ; ultrasonic testing ; acoustoelastic effect (AE) ; hydrostatic stresses ; modeling ; DIC technique ; ready-mixed concrete ; construction architecture material ; inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC) ; proficiency testing (PT) ; concrete quality assessment ; fracture mechanics ; ductile fracture ; material microstructure ; void growth ; FEM model ; material testing ; geodesic dome ; seismic response ; dynamic analysis ; seismic analysis ; high temperature ; fire temperature ; residual strength ; heat accumulation factor ; variational asymptotic method ; reduced-order plate model ; orthogrid-stiffened panel ; free-vibration analysis ; global buckling ; steel plates ; ultrasonic tomography ; base material ; rock ; post-installed anchors ; adhesive anchor ; mechanical anchor ; load-bearing capacity ; GSI ; RMR ; rebound value ; rebound hammer ; semi-flexible pavement ; fatigue resistance ; cracking mechanism ; fatigue prediction ; fracture surface ; cement–cellulose composites ; ventilated façade ; acoustic emission method ; frequencies of acoustic emission signals ; geosynthetic ; design ; pullout resistance ; effective length ; reinforced earth ; clay bricks ; cement lime mortar ; infill masonry wall ; destructive force ; self-stressed anti-washout concrete ; segment assembly ; undrained strengthening ; axial compression test ; mechanical properties ; CFRP grid ; PCM ; interface ; mechanical model ; pull-out test ; finite element analysis ; external walls ; thermal measurements ; R-value ; thermal resistance ; temperature-based method ; heat flow meter method ; infrared thermography method ; 3D textile composite ; equivalent model ; buckling analysis ; interlaboratory comparison (ILC) ; risk analysis ; measurements uncertainty (MU) ; ceramic tiles adhesive (CTA) ; assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) ; construction product ; market surveillance ; artificial weathering testing in civil engineering ; construction profiles ; natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites ; building performance assessment ; microstructure analysis ; stairs ; masonry ; clay brick ; arch ; vault ; management ; quality ; light detection and ranging (LiDAR) ; TLS ; low-temperature construction additive ; preparation method ; volumetric properties ; modification mechanism ; mixture performance ; bio-rejuvenated additive ; 100% rejuvenation ; reclaimed asphalt pavement ; regeneration mechanism ; pavement performance ; macro-strain mode ; medium- and small-span bridges ; wavelet transform ; cross-correlation function ; hygrothermal simulation ; capillary active internal insulation ; mould risk ; moisture effects ; subgrade ; static load test ; deformation modulus ; reliability ; fine-grain concrete ; bond ; industrial computed tomography ; numerical simulation ; xCT ; rectangular profile ; torsional stiffness ; stiffness increase ; research ; guided waves ; longitudinal wave ; discrete element method ; numerical modelling ; dispersion curves ; recycled aggregate concrete ; sustainable aggregate ; flexural strength ; gradient boosting ; random forest ; ventilated facades ; large-scale model ; fibre cement boards ; fire exposure ; Bayesian approach ; prestressing force ; saw-cut method ; assessment ; pre-tensioned members ; waste from enrichment of water-soluble ores ; artificially supported mining method ; backfill ; activation ; nanomodifier astralene ; ultimate compressive strength ; cement ; air-entraining admixture ; plasticizing ; porosity ; air-content ; strength ; freeze-thawing resistance ; storage systems ; looseness ; stiffness ; beam-end connection ; bending ; gap ; clearance ; plastic viscosity ; yield stress ; machine learning ; volcanic soil ; mechanical property ; strength index ; particle crushing ; road engineering ; pavement ; fatigue ; modules ; FEM ; light weight deflectometer ; solid fired brick ; defects in the internal structure ; resonant pulse method ; material durability ; drying of soil ; microwave heating ; soil structure ; computed microtomography ; water content ; buckling ; stability ; civil engineering ; slender bars ; columns ; numerical analysis ; variable cross-section ; waste glass ; recycling ; construction materials ; sustainable concrete ; steel fiber ; building material ; fibers ; mortar ; hybrid ; artificial neural networks ; fibre-cement boards ; acoustic emission ; SEM ; steel fibers ; steel fiber-reinforced concrete ; backfill mining ; loading rate ; cumulative ringing count ; damage constitutive model ; CFRP ; bond–slip law ; RC slab ; retrofit ; strengthen ; self-compacting concrete ; prediction models ; FRP ; continuous RC slab ; optimal design ; asphalt aging ; material property ; climate condition ; pavement structure ; field rut depth ; precast concrete products ; quality control ; OC curve ; AOQ curve ; shear wave velocity ; bender elements ; triaxial testing ; micromechanics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Buildings play an indispensable role in urban development. As typical structures of transportation buildings, bridges serve as crucial nodes in connecting different regions, promoting economic growth, and ensuring social security. However, with the extension of their service life, the performance of bridges will inevitably decline. Performance monitoring and evaluation are crucial during the life cycle of bridges. The accelerating convergence of civil engineering, materials science, and artificial intelligence has sparked the interest of researchers from different disciplines in the emerging field of bridge state perception. This reprint covers topics on condition monitoring and assessment of engineering structures, featuring 13 papers. These studies provide some novel methods, models, and technological applications for bridge condition perception, which are of great significance for the design, construction, and assessment of bridges.
    Keywords: shield tunnelling ; active underpinning ; bridge substructure ; 3D FEM modelling ; field verification ; cantilever anti-slide pile ; trapezoidal thrust load ; bearing characteristics ; optimized calculation method of internal force ; evolution law of internal force and deformation ; bridge engineering ; moving loads identification ; MobileNetV2 ; transfer learning ; plate end debonding ; intermediate crack debonding ; fiber-reinforced polymer ; machine learning ; dung beetle optimizer (DBO) ; large-span track bridge ; steel-concrete composite beam ; cable-stayed bridge ; alignment prediction ; response surface method ; Monte Carlo ; bridge temperature ; non-uniform temperature field ; longitudinal temperature distribution ; steel box girder ; long-span bridge ; steel tube concrete truss arch ; highway basket-handle arch bridge ; arch rib inclination angle ; finite element method ; lateral stability ; working stress ; rebar ; monitoring ; magnetoelastic effect ; magnetic resonance ; moving force identification ; vehicle–bridge interaction ; Newmark-β method ; Tikhonov regularisation ; stay cable ; corrosion factors ; neural networks ; spatial diffusion model ; rigid-frame arch bridge ; scale model test ; test design ; loading system ; weight calculation method ; CFST arch bridge ; super-long span ; friction-pendulum bearing ; stayed-buckle cable ; seismic-performance improvement ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 16
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2023-09-05
    Description: Earthquakes - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications is a compilation of nine chapters covering aspects of tectonics, seismicity, earthquake forecasting, geotechnical engineering, and buildings. It presents state-of-the-art techniques for calculating moment tensors, rupture inversions, and hypocentral locations. It also presents methodologies to test probabilistic earthquake distributions on clustered and declustered catalogs and improves on classical methodologies to estimate bearing capacity and slope stability analysis. The final section discusses the structural behavior of vernacular and modern structures in the nonlinear range and the consequences of modifying the original structural system of a building.
    Keywords: finite element method ; viscosity ; plasticity ; forecasting ; seismic ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBC Volcanology & seismology
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Composites can be engineered to exhibit high strength, high stiffness, and high toughness. Composite structures have increasingly been used in various engineering applications. In recent decades, most fundamentals of science have expanded in length by many orders of magnitude. Nowadays, one of the primary goals of science and technology seems to be to develop reliable methods for linking the physical phenomena that occur over multiple length scales, particularly from a nano-/microscale to a macroscale. To engineer composites for high performance and to design advanced structures, the relationship between material nano-/microstructures and their macroscopic properties must be established to accurately predict their mechanical performance and failure. Multiscale simulation is a tool that enables studying and comprehending complex systems and phenomena that would otherwise be too expensive or dangerous, or even impossible, to study by direct experimentation and, thus, to achieve this goal.This reprint assembles high-quality chapters that advance the field of the multiscale simulation of composite structures, through the application of any modern computational and/or analytical methods alone or in conjunction with experimental techniques, for damage assessment or mechanical analysis and prediction.
    Keywords: braided composites ; mesoscale model ; notched specimen ; damage evolution ; static behavior ; studs ; deflection ; finite element model ; composite beam ; crack width ; aramid ; impact ; computational techniques ; finite elements ; mechanical analysis ; axial capacity prediction ; rectangular CFST columns ; feedforward neural network ; invasive weed optimization ; hybrid machine learning ; particle swarm parameters ; adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system ; circular opening steel beams ; buckling capacity ; nanocomposite ; PMMA ; fullerene ; finite element method ; molecular dynamics ; multiscale ; composite structures ; graphene ; carbon fiber ; hybrid matrix ; vibrations ; finite element analysis ; bone-shaped ; nanotube ; polymer ; stress-strain ; stiffened CFST beam ; recycled concrete ; finite element ; flexural strength ; cold-formed tube ; composite steel plate shear wall ; hysteresis curves ; ductility ; energy absorption ; topology optimization ; microstructure ; homogenization ; Matlab ; reduced order models ; reduced basis ; on-the-fly construction ; POD ; approximate reanalysis ; multiscale simulation ; damage assessment ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAF Fisheries & related industries
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint presents a collection of papers showcasing the latest advancements and research work in the field of electrical machines. The reprint focuses on pioneering electrical machine technologies that have the potential to emerge as the next generation of electrical machines, and their potential applications in various industries. The papers delve into distinct machine technologies, such as flux-intensifying memory machines, Vernier machines, flux-reversal machines, wound rotor machines, line start motors, and doubly fed machines, and explore their applications in areas including electric transportation and renewable energy power generation. The reprint serves as a useful resource for researchers, engineers, and students who are interested in emerging electrical machine technologies.
    Keywords: harmonic reduction ; non-overlap ; phase-shifting ; star-delta ; synchronous machine ; wound rotor ; IPMSMs ; electromagnetic characteristic ; vibration/noise source ; electromagnetic–mechanical coupled analysis ; BLDC motor ; magnet overhang ; housing-integrated rotor ; 2D equivalent ; response surface methodology ; computation time ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; flux reversal generator (FRG) ; medium-speed ; non-rare earth (NRE) ; permanent magnet (PM) ; rare earth (RE) ; wind turbine generator ; wind power generation ; brushless doubly fed machines ; pole pair combinations ; nested loop rotors ; design optimisation ; drive cycle ; electric vehicle ; finite element analysis ; gradient-based optimisation ; permanent magnet machines ; phase-shift ; rare-earth free permanent magnet ; six-phase winding ; spoke-type motor ; semi-3D techniques ; end effect ; permanent magnet synchronous generator ; PM overhang ; design optimization ; direct-drive generators ; magnetic gearing effect ; permanent magnet vernier machines ; consequent-pole ; flux-intensifying ; memory machine ; variable flux ; analytical modeling ; finite element method ; line-start motor ; permanent magnet machine ; software development ; synchronization ; transient performance ; dual three-phase (DTP) ; model-based techniques ; permanent magnet synchronous machine ; saliency-based techniques ; sensorless control ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The aim of this second Eng Special Issue is to collect experimental and theoretical re-search relating to engineering science and technology. The general topics of Eng are as follows: electrical, electronic and information engineering; chemical and materials engineering; energy engineering; mechanical and automotive engineering; industrial and manufacturing engineering; civil and structural engineering; aerospace engineering; biomedical engineering; geotechnical engineering and engineering geology; and ocean and environmental engineering. Therefore, the following editorial is a selection of representative works of these topics.
    Keywords: &nbsp ; Environment Management ; Environmental Engineering ; Chemical Engineering ; Materials Engineering&nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 20
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Special Issue focuses on novel and scarcely investigated topics in relation to atrial fibrillation (AF), from the role of f-wave harmonic spectral structures in improving the preoperative prediction of catheter ablation outcomes in AF to the design of a study to investigate the effectiveness of a hand-held device in screening for AF when embedded into the handles of supermarket trolleys. However, the management of AF is so complex that this Special Issue also explores the therapeutic approach to AF in patients with congenital hemophilia, provides exercise recommendations for patients with AF, and includes broader investigations, such as on the impact of integrated care on oral anticoagulation quality, the identification of clinical phenotypes to stratify mortality risk, and the assessment of differences in biomarkers between AF patients and healthy controls.
    Keywords: atrial fibrillation ; catheter ablation ; coronary sinus ; catheter channels ; P-waves ; local activation waves ; left pulmonary veins ; heart rate variability ; vitamin K antagonists ; time in therapeutic range ; Atrial Fibrillation Better Care (ABC) pathway ; anticoagulant ; left atrial appendage occlusion ; cardiovascular disease ; hemophilia ; atrial fibrillation detection ; cardiac arrhythmia ; stroke prevention ; electrocardiogram ; sensor devices ; community screening ; rehabilitation medicine ; physical activity ; exercise ; preventive cardiology ; vascular health ; atrial health ; secondary prevention ; all-cause mortality ; phenotype ; risk factors ; finite element method ; atrophy ; fibrosis ; biomarkers ; NT-proBNP ; electrogram ; complex fractionated atrial electrograms ; detection ; invasive recordings ; cycle length ; comparison ; persistent atrial fibrillation ; outcome prediction ; fibrillatory wave analysis ; spectral analysis ; dominant frequency ; harmonic content ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Aircraft electrification is one of the most important and strategic initiatives currently supporting the innovation of the aviation industry. This manifests in the well-known more-electric aircraft concept (with the ultimate aim of achieving the all-electric long-term target), which aims to gradually replace onboard systems based on mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic power sources with electrically powered ones to reduce the weight and costs, optimize energy, and increase the eco-compatibility and reliability of future aircrafts.A key technological enabler for pursuing these challenging objectives is electro-mechanical actuation. The applicability of electro-mechanical actuators (EMAs) in aerospace has been proved in terms of dynamic performances, but it still entails several concerns in terms of reliability/safety and operation in a harsh environment. In civil aircrafts, EMAs are often avoided for safety-critical functions (flight controls, brakes, landing gears, and nose wheel steering), essentially because the statistical database on the components' fault modes is poor.This Special Issue is thus focused on advancements and innovations in the design, modelling/simulation, architectural definition, reliability/safety analysis, control, condition-monitoring, and experimental testing of EMAs developed for safety-critical aerospace applications. The research papers included in this Special Issue will undoubtedly contribute to progress towards the objective of more electric flights.
    Keywords: more electric vehicles ; dissimilar redundant actuation system ; NSGA-II algorithm ; optimization design ; electrically actuated nose wheel steering ; all-electric aircraft ; electromagnetic damper ; electromagnetic simulation ; landing gear shimmy reduction ; shape control ; macro-fiber composites ; bending ; twisting ; experimental validation ; control system ; actuator ; aerospace ; electromechanical ; flight control ; friction ; modelling ; position control ; preliminary design ; simulation ; validation ; fixed-wing UAV ; full-electric propulsion system ; axial-flux PMSMS ; fault-tolerant control ; phase-to-ground short circuit ; failure transient analysis ; prognostics ; electromechanical actuators ; neural network ; temperature ; all-electric propulsion ; electric machines ; fault diagnosis ; inter-turn short circuit ; specification ; flight analysis ; dimensional analysis ; vibration ; multidisciplinary optimization ; health monitoring ; electro-mechanical actuators ; testing ; reliability ; fault-tolerant systems ; aircraft anti-skid braking system ; actuator faults ; reconfiguration control ; linear active-disturbance rejection control ; deep reinforcement learning ; twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm ; active cylindrical coupler ; correction coefficient ; finite element method ; hybrid UAV ; magnetic coupler ; magnetic coupling ; noncontact torque transmission ; mean magnetic field ; wire diameter ; coil ; sinusoidal response ; square-wave response ; incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion (INDI) ; actuator compensation ; model reduction ; pseudo-control hedging (PCH) ; helicopter attitude control ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 22
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: It is crucial that scientists and engineers develop their expertise and capability through research and practice to quantify the interaction of infrastructure with the surroundings and the ground upon which they are founded. Therefore, the engineering concept ‘soil–structure interaction’ forms an integral part of delivering successful project outcomes. As the Lead and Honorary Editor for this Special Issue, Soil–Structure Interaction, I cordially invited the submission of esteemed articles related to recent projects, research, or case studies. These articles detail how geosciences (soil, rock, ground water, geochemistry, geology, hydrogeology, surface run-off, rain, wind, and temperature) directly interact with and impact the performance of human-made structures, buildings, or infrastructure through the following aspects: i) Underground construction; ii) Innovative ground improvement methods; iii) Geological explorations and interpretation; iv) Instrumentation and field observational method; v) Use of artificial intelligence or algorithms; vi) Forensic engineering or inverse-analysis methods; vii) Geophysical methods for soil or rock characterization; viii) Advancement in laboratory and field testing of geomaterials; ix) Advancement in numerical analysis; x) Advancement in multi-disciplinary design theories, codes of practice, and engineering education.
    Keywords: large diameter bored pile ; finite element method ; load transfer ; failure mechanism ; overconsolidated stiff clay ; two dimensional axisymmetric ; drained and undrained conditions ; deep excavation ; contiguous bored pile wall ; capping beam ; groundwater ; wall permeability ; elastic settlement ; shallow foundations ; rigid footings ; contact pressure ; equivalent shape ; seismic response analysis ; soil structure interaction ; continuum mechanics ; structural mechanics ; soil spring ; high performance computing ; unbound granular materials (UGMs) ; degree of saturation (DOS) ; repeated load triaxial test (RLT) ; resilient modulus ; plastic strain ; dispersion curve ; shear wave ; seismic dilatometer ; soil mechanics ; in situ test ; biopolymer-treated soils ; soil improvement ; geotechnical properties ; biopolymer soil interaction ; soft soil behaviour ; soft soil stabilisation ; silt content ; unconfined compressive strength ; consolidated undrained strength ; microstructure analysis ; interface shear test ; surface roughness ; critical roughness ; random or ribbed surface roughness ; friction development ; PIV technology ; load–settlement response ; bi-directional static load test ; supercell ; analytical solution ; Randolph method ; the modified closed-form analytical solutions ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint focuses on the recent advances in fluid power technology reporting results in a wide range of applications. Studies concerning the developments of pumps both at constant and variable displacement are reported. Analyses are focused on the improvement of efficiency, control, design and pressure ripple reduction. About fluid power, several applications are investigated with the aim of reducing energy losses, in particular implementations in an excavator, a hybrid transmission and a system for agricultural solutions are described. Applications are studied focusing also on the effects of a particular load holding valve, and facing the relevant aspects of the condition monitoring, failure modes and effects analysis. The fluid power covers a very wide range of application as demonstrated by the paper concerning an exoskeleton device. Finally, a particular application concerning a gas pressure regulator with lower noise emission is reported.
    Keywords: fluid power ; hydraulic hybrid drivetrains ; digital hydraulics ; energy savings ; efficiency ; excavator ; electro-hydrostatic actuator ; load sensing ; energy saving ; pump-controlled systems ; axial piston pump ; variable displacement ; swash-plate ; hydromechanical ; volumetric ; operation point ; operation range ; load-holding valve ; counterbalance ; overcenter ; energy balance ; hydraulic systems ; mobile machinery ; positive displacement pump ; active control ; flow ripple ; pressure ripple ; reinforcement learning ; multi-chamber actuator ; mode selection ; agricultural tractors and implements ; high pressure control system ; multi-pressure rail system ; throttle loss reduction ; FMEA ; flow control valve ; risk prioritization ; condition monitoring ; fault detection and diagnosis ; industrial hydraulics ; hydraulic press ; supervised learning ; neural networks ; feature extraction ; feature selection ; linear-quadratic Gaussian controller ; embedded control ; trochoidal profile ; gear pump ; gerotor technology ; contact stress ; finite element method ; design of experiments ; Taguchi method ; simulation-based design ; process planning ; exoskeletons ; hydraulic drives ; miniature applications ; control methods ; pressure control system ; stability ; noise and vibration ; oscillation damping ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 24
    facet.materialart.
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Composites can be engineered to exhibit high strength, high stiffness, and high toughness. Composite structures have increasingly been used in various engineering applications. In recent decades, most fundamentals of science have expanded in length by many orders of magnitude. Nowadays, one of the primary goals of science and technology seems to be to develop reliable methods for linking the physical phenomena that occur over multiple length scales, particularly from a nano-/microscale to a macroscale. To engineer composites for high performance and to design advanced structures, the relationship between material nano-/microstructures and their macroscopic properties must be established to accurately predict their mechanical performance and failure. Multiscale simulation is a tool that enables studying and comprehending complex systems and phenomena that would otherwise be too expensive or dangerous, or even impossible, to study by direct experimentation and, thus, to achieve this goal.This reprint assembles high-quality chapters that advance the field of the multiscale simulation of composite structures, through the application of any modern computational and/or analytical methods alone or in conjunction with experimental techniques, for damage assessment or mechanical analysis and prediction.
    Keywords: braided composites ; mesoscale model ; notched specimen ; damage evolution ; static behavior ; studs ; deflection ; finite element model ; composite beam ; crack width ; aramid ; impact ; computational techniques ; finite elements ; mechanical analysis ; axial capacity prediction ; rectangular CFST columns ; feedforward neural network ; invasive weed optimization ; hybrid machine learning ; particle swarm parameters ; adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system ; circular opening steel beams ; buckling capacity ; nanocomposite ; PMMA ; fullerene ; finite element method ; molecular dynamics ; multiscale ; composite structures ; graphene ; carbon fiber ; hybrid matrix ; vibrations ; finite element analysis ; bone-shaped ; nanotube ; polymer ; stress-strain ; stiffened CFST beam ; recycled concrete ; finite element ; flexural strength ; cold-formed tube ; composite steel plate shear wall ; hysteresis curves ; ductility ; energy absorption ; topology optimization ; microstructure ; homogenization ; Matlab ; reduced order models ; reduced basis ; on-the-fly construction ; POD ; approximate reanalysis ; multiscale simulation ; damage assessment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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  • 25
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This volume comprises the first collection of papers submitted by the Editorial Board Members (EBMs) of the journal Mathematical and Computational Applications (MCA), as well as outstanding scholars working in the core research fields of MCA. This collection typifies the most insightful and influential original articles regarding key topics in these fields.
    Keywords: physics simulations ; neural networks ; electronic design ; heat equation ; error function ; function approximation ; spline approximation ; Gaussian function ; stochastic neural networks ; cell tracking ; microscopy image analysis ; detection-and-association methods ; image segmentation ; a priori segmentation ; level set method ; geodesic active contour ; computer simulation ; cardiovascular system ; parameterization ; validation ; animal model ; finite element method ; p-version ; harmonic extensions ; functional interpolation ; ordinary differential equations ; numerical methods ; microplastics ; Lotka–Volterra ; predator ; prey ; predator–prey ; pollution ; bioaccumulation ; biomagnification ; predation ; two-species model ; matrix sequences ; spectral analysis ; finite element approximations ; Darcy–Forchheimer model ; thermal radiation ; finite difference technique ; viscous dissipation ; Soret and Dufour impacts ; chemical reaction ; entropy generation ; agglomerated cork ; material modeling ; successive linear approximation ; finite element ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 26
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This book focuses on theoretical and practical developments in the performance of high-voltage transmission line against atmospheric pollution and icing. Modifications using suitable fillers are also pinpointed to improve silicone rubber insulation materials. Very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) mitigation techniques, along with some suggestions for reliable partial discharge measurements under DC voltage stresses inside gas-insulated switchgears, are addressed. The application of an inductor-based filter for the protective performance of surge arresters against indirect lightning strikes is also discussed.
    Keywords: dynamic pollution model ; reference insulators ; insulator structure coefficient ; natural pollution tests ; finite element method ; partial discharge ; protrusion ; gas-insulated system ; HVDC ; SF6 ; synthetic air ; insulator ; pollution ; humidity ; equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) ; non-soluble deposit density (NSDD) ; leakage current ; post-installation study ; double exponential function ; indirect lightning ; medium voltage transformer ; spark gap ; filtered surge arrester ; energy-controlled switch ; ice-covered insulator ; characteristics extraction ; image processing method ; median filtering method ; entropy threshold segmentation ; modified Canny operator ; region growth method ; icing degree ; gas-insulated substations ; VFTO ; EMF modeling ; transient ground potential rise ; polymeric material ; thermoplastic ; thermoset ; elastomer ; epoxy resin ; electrical properties ; mechanical properties ; high-voltage applications ; partial discharges ; textured insulator ; artificial clean fog test ; dry bands ; discharges ; partial arcs ; monitoring ; HVDC outdoor insulators ; silicone rubber ; fumed silica ; ground silica ; dry-band arcing ; erosion performance ; outdoor insulators ; transmission and distribution ; pollution performance ; tracking ; erosion resistance ; overhead power lines ; atmospheric icing ; power outage ; anti-icing ; de-icing ; line design ; passive devices ; coatings ; mechanical methods ; thermal methods ; composite crossarm ; pollution flashover characteristics ; core diameter ; hydrophobicity ; umbrella structure ; voltage gradient ; flashover ; inception voltage ; arc propagation ; finite element method (FEM) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: With increasing awareness about environmental sustainability issues, the geotechnical engineering community is in search of sustainable materials, innovative applications and ground improvement technologies which are resilient to climate change, involve low carbon emissions, are ecologically friendly and affordable, yet effective. As such, this reprint brings together 18 novel contributions providing the state-of-the-art in “Sustainable Geotechnics” with special focus on the reuse and recycling of waste materials in geotechnical applications as well as sustainable design, construction, and monitoring of the performance of geostructures. This reprint may be of particular interest to geotechnical professional engineers and researchers who are facing the challenging task of increasing the sustainability and resiliency of geotechnical assets and infrastructures.
    Keywords: cement bound base course ; unbound base course ; compaction technology ; Proctor test ; vibrating hammer test ; recycled rubber ; geotechnical properties ; diesel ; contaminated soil ; clay ; environmental geotechnics ; impact monitoring ; geotechnical influence ; ground improvement ; soil nailing system ; soil characteristics ; soil slope ; foundation pressure ; nailed soil ; end-of-life tires ; recycling ; gravel–rubber mixtures ; sustainable geotechnical applications ; foundation systems ; soil freezing ; probability ; return period ; reliability ; correction coefficient ; depth of ground freezing ; pullout test ; retaining structures ; gabions ; bearing resistance ; welded steel grid ; woven steel grid ; reinforcement of embankments ; safety factor ; Neogene clay elevation ; Warsaw Slope ; finite element method ; electrical resistivity tomography ; biomineralization ; Bacillus pasteurii ; marine clay ; MICP ; soil improvement ; acidic soil ; soil treatment ; ammonia-soda residue ; compressibility ; constant rate of strain ; drained ; shear strength ; triaxial test ; calcium carbonate precipitation induced by microorganisms ; silt ; void ratio ; fine particle content ; unconfined compressive strength ; permeability coefficient ; XRD ; SEM ; stepped spillways ; flow 3D ; energy dissipations ; pressure profiles ; cavitation ; incremental equations ; non-cohesive soil ; partial saturation ; liquefaction ; Taiwan mudstone ; engineering compaction ; cement paste ; engineering material improvement ; machine learning ; decision trees ; random forests ; penetrometer ; MWD ; rigid inclusions ; soil stabilization ; chitosan ; non-traditional additives ; soil shear modulus ; temporary geotechnical structures ; calcium carbonate ; HPMC ; surface strength ; ammonia retention rate ; wind erosion resistance ; reinforced soil walls ; experimental tests ; facing displacements ; analytical methods ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 28
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: With increasing awareness about environmental sustainability issues, the geotechnical engineering community is in search of sustainable materials, innovative applications and ground improvement technologies which are resilient to climate change, involve low carbon emissions, are ecologically friendly and affordable, yet effective. As such, this reprint brings together 18 novel contributions providing the state-of-the-art in “Sustainable Geotechnics” with special focus on the reuse and recycling of waste materials in geotechnical applications as well as sustainable design, construction, and monitoring of the performance of geostructures. This reprint may be of particular interest to geotechnical professional engineers and researchers who are facing the challenging task of increasing the sustainability and resiliency of geotechnical assets and infrastructures.
    Keywords: cement bound base course ; unbound base course ; compaction technology ; Proctor test ; vibrating hammer test ; recycled rubber ; geotechnical properties ; diesel ; contaminated soil ; clay ; environmental geotechnics ; impact monitoring ; geotechnical influence ; ground improvement ; soil nailing system ; soil characteristics ; soil slope ; foundation pressure ; nailed soil ; end-of-life tires ; recycling ; gravel–rubber mixtures ; sustainable geotechnical applications ; foundation systems ; soil freezing ; probability ; return period ; reliability ; correction coefficient ; depth of ground freezing ; pullout test ; retaining structures ; gabions ; bearing resistance ; welded steel grid ; woven steel grid ; reinforcement of embankments ; safety factor ; Neogene clay elevation ; Warsaw Slope ; finite element method ; electrical resistivity tomography ; biomineralization ; Bacillus pasteurii ; marine clay ; MICP ; soil improvement ; acidic soil ; soil treatment ; ammonia-soda residue ; compressibility ; constant rate of strain ; drained ; shear strength ; triaxial test ; calcium carbonate precipitation induced by microorganisms ; silt ; void ratio ; fine particle content ; unconfined compressive strength ; permeability coefficient ; XRD ; SEM ; stepped spillways ; flow 3D ; energy dissipations ; pressure profiles ; cavitation ; incremental equations ; non-cohesive soil ; partial saturation ; liquefaction ; Taiwan mudstone ; engineering compaction ; cement paste ; engineering material improvement ; machine learning ; decision trees ; random forests ; penetrometer ; MWD ; rigid inclusions ; soil stabilization ; chitosan ; non-traditional additives ; soil shear modulus ; temporary geotechnical structures ; calcium carbonate ; HPMC ; surface strength ; ammonia retention rate ; wind erosion resistance ; reinforced soil walls ; experimental tests ; facing displacements ; analytical methods ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Today’s world demands unique and specific materials for precise engineering applications. If there exist limitations in changing or altering materials, then the only option is to improve the existing ones. This Special Issue of Coatings, “Research Progress in Thermal Layering and Deposition”, explores the various techniques related to surface coatings and similar surface modification techniques with a wealth of scientific and comparative results to better understand the current state of materials technology. The present volume also revels the opportunities and challenges associated with coatings techniques, and provides a futuristic approach to solutions.
    Keywords: graphene ; ceramics ; epoxy resin ; elastic properties ; vibration technique ; Al359 alloy ; friction stir processing ; friction and wear ; Si3N4 ; eggshell waste ; composite structure ; friction stir spot welding ; dynamic parameters ; static parameters ; fuzzy logic control system ; nanocomposite ; nickel matrix coatings ; titanium coating ; electroless nickel coating ; Ni-P electroless coating ; microwave synthesis ; transition metal dichalcogenide ; graphitic carbon nitride ; coatings ; characterization ; tribology ; wear ; steel substrate ; Al6082 ; chicken bone powder ; walnut shell powder ; rice husk powder ; Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array ; optimization ; ANOVA ; nanocomposites ; liquid crystals ; mesogenic-phase temperature ranges ; lubricant additives ; tribological property ; n/a ; interface reaction mechanism ; Ni coating ; microstructure ; property ; CMT ; complex concentrated alloys ; cold spray ; adiabatic heating ; solid-state coating ; metallurgical bonding ; mechanical interlocking ; severe lattice distortion ; Johnson–Cook model ; finite element method ; sluggish diffusion ; microstructural evolution ; rail track ; rail wheels ; pin-on-disc ; friction ; contamination ; GTAW ; cladding ; super duplex stainless steel ; FA ; ANN ; dilution ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The present reprint contains the 20 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Computational Methods and Applications for Numerical Analysis” of the MDPI “Mathematics” journal, which surround the theory, algorithms, programming, software, numerical simulation, and/or novel applications of computational methods to solve problems in engineering, science, and other disciplines related to computations. These topics include finite element methods, finite difference methods, meshless/meshfree methods, physics-informed neural networks, interpolation, approximation, optimization, numerical methods for ordinary/partial differential equations, etc. Their applications include crack propagation, acoustic analysis, elastodynamic analysis, free vibration analysis, structure and topology optimization, fractional equations, eigenvalue problems, inverse problems, etc. Numerical analysis is an increasingly important link between pure mathematics and its application in science and technology. It is hoped that the reprint will be interesting and useful for those working in the area of numerical analysis, as well as for those with a proper mathematical background and willing to become familiar with novel applications of computational techniques, which have rapidly developed nowadays.
    Keywords: localized meshless collocation method ; virtual boundary element ; fundamental solution ; Laplace equations ; Helmholtz equations ; thermo-elastic structure ; topology optimization ; reliability analysis ; stress constraint ; radial basis function ; the shape parameter ; multiquadric ; inverse multiquadric ; Gaussian ; elastic-plastic problems ; incremental theory ; Smoothed Finite Element Method (S-FEM) ; Julia language ; parallel programming ; nonlinear elliptic equation ; doubly connected domain ; inverse problems ; two-parameter homogenization functions ; Brazilian disc test ; numerical simulation ; crack evolution ; failure mode ; indirect tensile strength ; topology optimisation ; piezoelectric actuator ; shell ; finite element method ; symmetric tridiagonal matrix ; eigenvalue solver ; matrix division ; parallel algorithm ; machine learning ; extrinsic ; embedding ; intrinsic ; surfaces ; Laplace–Beltrami operator ; meshfree numerical technique ; free vibration ; integration error ; numerical integration ; eigenvector solver ; clustered eigenpairs ; orthogonalization ; general Q iteration ; triangulations ; shortest edge ; triangle shape ; high-order enrichment functions ; numerical methods ; numerical dispersion ; transient analysis ; wave propagation ; Bernstein–Bézier coefficients ; quasi-interpolation ; type-1 triangulation ; Clough–Tocher split ; multi-dimensional fractional equations ; multi-term fractional equations ; meshless method ; collocation method ; analytic representation ; numerical analysis ; structure optimization ; parametric optimization ; GST ; chromium ; SiO2 ; Photovoltaic applications ; co-simulation ; defect analysis ; error bounds ; variable step-size ; singular boundary method ; Kansa’s method ; heterogeneous media ; acoustic wave ; soil–rock mixture ; lattice Boltzmann method ; size effect ; permeability ; global–local ; non-intrusive ; computational simulation ; crack growth ; frame elements ; 3D solids ; coupling ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint contains 14 articles published in the Special Issue, “Use of Modern Materials in Technological Processes Accompanied by Frictional Heating". These articles can be divided into five groups:1) Analytical modeling of the frictional heating process in systems made of homogeneous and functionally gradient materials (FGMs) [1–7];2) Numerical simulations of the temperature mode of railway brake systems [8, 9];3) Experimental studies and numerical simulations of the influence of various types of additives added to the friction material in the wet clutch disc [10, 11];4) Inverse thermal problems of friction [12];5) The influence of friction on the stress distribution in a composite containing thin elastic homogeneous inclusions, or that made of FGM [13, 14].
    Keywords: temperature ; railway tread brake ; 1xBg brake configuration ; long-term braking ; finite element method ; repetitive short-term braking ; frictional heating ; thermal sensitivity of materials ; friction coefficient ; tribo-couple ; cylindrical layers ; unknown thermal loading ; inverse thermoelasticity problem ; Volterra integral equation ; stable algorithm ; functionally gradient materials ; composite ; ceramic ; ribbon-like reinforcement ; thin inclusion ; bimaterial ; nonperfect contact ; friction ; jump functions ; functionally graded materials ; braking ; railway disc brake ; moving heat source ; friction material ; clutch ; numerical model ; thermal sensitivity ; heat partition ratio ; finite element analysis ; functionally graded material ; composites ; crack ; stress intensity factor ; repetitive short-term braking operation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Radiofrequency (RF) heating has been identified as one potential thermal treatment method with which to replace chemical fumigation and other conventional thermal methods because it is relatively easy to apply and leaves no chemical residues. RF equipment is commercially available today and is commonly used by the baking industry for the final drying of crackers, as well as by other industries. It involves the direct transfer of electromagnetic energy into bulk materials, providing fast and volumetric heating. This Special Issue aims to focus on recent developments in and applications of RF heating in food processing, such as disinfestation, drying, pasteurization, sterilization, temping, and thawing. This Special Issue will provide major methods, research strategies, and protocols used in the development of environmentally friendly food processes based on RF energy.
    Keywords: tempered fillets ; electrode gap ; springiness ; cohesiveness ; resilience ; hardness ; paddy ; rice ; hot air drying ; radio frequency heating ; milling quality ; cooking quality ; tempering ; radio frequency ; quality ; salmon (Salmo salar) ; fish ; dielectric properties ; thermal properties ; walnut components ; pasteurization ; microwave ; radiofrequency ; heating ; energy efficiency ; digital twin ; wild bitter gourd ; ultrasonic extraction ; radio frequency (RF) ; drying ; diabetic mice ; RF sterilization ; beef sausage ; heating uniformity ; almond kernels ; Aspergillus ; thermal inactivation kinetics ; verification ; microstructure ; physicochemical properties ; digestibility ; Wolfiporia cocos ; solid-state fermentation ; almonds ; roasting ; aroma ; RF heating ; superheated water ; poached spicy pork slices ; sterilization ; RTE food ; G. stearothermophilus spores ; radio frequency drying ; finite element method ; heat transfer ; mass transfer ; water vapor concentration ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book mainly deals with recent advances in biomedical sensing and imaging. More recently, wearable/smart biosensors and devices, which facilitate diagnostics in a non-clinical setting, have become a hot topic. Combined with machine learning and artificial intelligence, they could revolutionize the biomedical diagnostic field. The aim of this book is to provide a research forum in biomedical sensing and imaging and extend the scientific frontier of this very important and significant biomedical endeavor.
    Keywords: finite element method ; thin shell model ; β dispersion ; Maxwell–Wagner effect ; bio-impedance spectroscopy ; multisensory ; electromyography ; pattern recognition ; rehabilitation ; blood coagulation ; image sensing ; image classification ; electrical impedance tomography ; frequency difference ; time difference ; lung imaging ; electromagnetic detection and biosensors ; electromagnetic biological theory ; biomedical application ; frequency ; machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This book focuses on the modelling and the design process of gas bearings, on the experimental validation of such models, and on their applications. In particular, recent developments about foil bearings, aerostatic bearings, porous bearings, and non-contact precision positioning systems are shown.
    Keywords: aerostatic spindle ; fluid–structure interaction ; restrictor geometrical parameters ; structural dimension ; optimal design ; bump foil gas bearing ; thermo-hydrodynamic model ; temperature field ; thermal characteristics analysis ; foil bearing ; turbo machinery ; gas bearing ; industrial application ; air-bearing ; precision positioning ; tribotronics ; rotation accuracy ; roundness ; cylindricity ; dispersion coefficient ; gas bearings ; porous materials ; rotordynamics ; force coefficients ; aerostatic journal bearings ; porous bearing ; annular-thrust bearing ; numerical simulation ; finite element method ; dynamic coefficients ; eccentricity ; tilting ; tilting velocity ; partial arc ; PCB spindles ; dynamic identification ; logarithmic decrement method ; complex exponential method ; half-power method ; damping factor identification ; rigid rotor ; modal analysis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Electrical machines are one of the most important components of the industrial world. They are at the heart of the new industrial revolution, brought forth by the development of electromobility and renewable energy systems. Electric motors must meet the most stringent requirements of reliability, availability, and high efficiency in order, among other things, to match the useful lifetime of power electronics in complex system applications and compete in the market under ever-increasing pressure to deliver the highest performance criteria. Today, thanks to the application of highly efficient numerical algorithms running on high-performance computers, it is possible to design electric machines and very complex drive systems faster and at a lower cost. At the same time, progress in the field of material science and technology enables the development of increasingly complex motor designs and topologies. The purpose of this Special Issue is to contribute to this development of electric machines. The publication of this collection of scientific articles, dedicated to the topic of electric machine design and application, contributes to the dissemination of the above information among professionals dealing with electrical machines.
    Keywords: electric AWD tractor ; SOC level ; simulation model ; load measurement system ; driving test ; brushless direct current motor with permanent magnet (BLDCM) ; winding configurations ; star ; delta ; star–delta ; fault states ; open circuit (OC) ; FFT ; neutral-point voltage ; electrical machine ; hydro generator ; faulty synchronization ; finite element method ; field-circuit modeling ; permanent magnet machines ; hybrid excitation ; electric vehicles ; wind power generator ; finite element methods ; variable speed machines ; synchronous generator ; permanent magnets ; demagnetization ; motor control ; switched reluctance motor ; MATLAB ; simulation ; wheel hub motor ; electric drive ; permanent magnet synchronous motor ; electrical machines ; thermal modeling ; preformed coils ; insulation systems ; pre-shaped conductor ; system model ; structural dynamics ; multibody simulation ; transient electrical machine model ; permanent magnet synchronous machine ; induction machine ; dynamic gear forces ; planetary gear ; synchronous condenser ; different materials ; magnetic flux leakage in the end ; eddy current loss ; fluid–solid coupling ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; interior PM synchronous motor ; surface PM synchronous motor ; traction applications ; finite element analysis ; flux switching machine ; flux bridge ; magnetic flux leakage ; variable flux machine ; axial flux generator ; spatial harmonic interaction ; harmonic balance method ; turbo-generator ; eddy current losses ; data driven ; support vector regression ; multi-layer perceptron ; vane pump ; electric motor ; integrated motor-pump assembly (IMPA) ; balanced vane pump ; fluid power drives ; brushless DC electric motor ; permanent magnet machine ; measurements ; high-speed motor ; electromagnetic analysis ; mechanical analysis ; thermal analysis ; electromechanical convertor ; drive system component ; electromagnetic calculation ; MR fluids ; MR multi-disc clutch ; clutch design ; electric train ; hybrid excited linear flux switching machine ; rope-less elevator ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Satisfactory acoustics is crucial for the ability of spaces such as auditoriums and lecture rooms to perform their primary function. The acoustics of dwellings and offices greatly affects the quality of our life, since we are all consciously or subconsciously aware of the sounds to which we are daily subjected. Architectural acoustics, which encompasses room and building acoustics, is the scientific field that deals with these topics and can be defined as the study of generation, propagation, and effects of sound in enclosures. Modeling techniques, as well as related acoustic theories for accurately calculating the sound field, have been the center of many major new developments. In addition, the image conveyed by a purely physical description of sound would be incomplete without regarding human perception; hence, the interrelation between objective stimuli and subjective sensations is a field of important investigations. A holistic approach in terms of research and practice is the optimum way for solving the perplexing problems which arise in the design or refurbishment of spaces, since current trends in contemporary architecture, such as transparency, openness, and preference for bare sound-reflecting surfaces are continuing pushing the very limits of functional acoustics. All the advances in architectural acoustics gathered in this Special Issue, we hope that inspire researchers and acousticians to explore new directions in this age of scientific convergence.
    Keywords: acoustic measurements ; impulse response measurements ; omnidirectional source ; dodecahedron ; acoustic parameters ; sound source ; reverberation time ; ISO 3382 ; auralization ; sound absorption ; perforated panels ; micro-perforated panels ; resonant absorbers ; frequency domain ; PUFEM ; room acoustics ; wave-based method ; discretization error ; explicit method ; finite element method ; high order scheme ; room acoustic simulations ; time domain ; shoebox concert hall ; diffusive surfaces ; diffusers location ; acoustical parameters ; variable acoustics ; subjective investigation ; acoustics ; opera house ; intangible cultural heritage ; open-air ancient theatres ; ISO 3382-1 ; firecrackers ; building acoustics ; sound absorption coefficient ; prediction models ; supervised learning method ; worship space acoustics ; acoustics simulation ; acoustic heritage ; archaeo-acoustics ; acoustic subspaces ; FDTD simulation ; speech intelligibility ; open-plan offices ; spatial decay ; ISO 3382-3 ; room absorption ; office noise ; speech ; calculation models ; absorption ; scattering ; airflow resistivity ; long space ; coherent image source method ; sound-absorbing boundary ; sound field modeling ; scale-model experiment ; reflection power ; room response ; directional decay rates ; room modes ; eigenbeam processing ; spatial correlation ; concert hall acoustics ; lateral reflections ; shoebox typology ; spatial impression ; perception thresholds ; skeletal reflections ; reflection sequence ; seat dip effect ; seat height ; seat spacing ; mechanism ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of testing of different materials and elements in civil engineering, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Interesting results with significance for building practices were obtained.
    Keywords: rock bolt ; grouting quality ; dynamic response ; natural frequency ; finite element method ; monitoring ; historical masonry wall ; hygrothermal processes ; internal insulation ; testing of building materials ; test uncertainty ; validation of test methods ; sustainable test methods ; recycling ; foamed asphalt mixtures with cement (FAC) ; base layer ; reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) ; fatigue durability ; GFRP ; FRP reinforcement ; shear ; capacity ; reinforced concrete beams ; column ; stiffness ; FRCM ; PBO mesh ; PBO–FRCM ; carpentry joints ; scarf and splice joints ; stop-splayed scarf joints (‘bolt of lightning’) ; static behaviour ; experimental research ; concrete ; non-destructive testing ; ultrasounds ; ultrasonic tomography ; acoustic methods ; defects ; diagnostic ; detection ; convolutional neural networks ; transfer learning ; monitoring FBG ; power transmission tower ; civil engineering ; X-ray microtomography ; microstructure characteristics ; infiltration damage ; high-strength concrete ; steel fibres ; flexural tensile strength ; fracture energy ; numerical analysis ; concrete floors ; compressive strength ; strength distribution ; industrial floors ; ultrasound tests ; ventilated facades ; large-scale facade model ; fire safety ; fiber cement board ; large-slab ceramic tile ; plasterboards ; moisture content ; hydration processes ; mechanical properties ; ultrasound measurements ; ESD resin ; expansion joint ; quasi-plastic material ; energy absorption ; asphalt mix ; compaction index ; volumetric parameters ; stiffness modulus ; moisture resistance ; roughness ; texture ; close-range photogrammetry ; bond strength ; random field generation ; semivariograms ; hybrid truss bridge ; steel–concrete connection joint ; mechanical behavior ; failure mode ; strain ; static test ; static elastic modulus ; dynamic elastic modulus ; machine learning ; P-wave ; S-wave ; resonance frequency test ; nondestructive method ; Al–Ti laminate ; fracture ; acoustic emission diagnostic ; pattern recognition ; clustering AE signal ; storage systems ; tab connector ; flexural test ; capable design moment ; restrained ring test ; autogenous shrinkage cracking ; concrete cracking test ; concrete shrinkage cracking test ; restrined ring calibration ; cement–fiber boards ; acoustic emission method ; k-means algorithm ; wavelet analysis ; fiber composites ; ground penetrating radar (GPR) ; HMA dielectric constant ; road pavement thickness estimation ; early age concrete ; damage processes detection before loading ; strength of structures ; aggregate ; classification ; wire mesh ; roundness ; tilting angle ; opening size ; concrete centrifugation ; morphology ; image processing ; porosity ; cement ; waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) ; controlled low-strength material (CLSM) ; unconfined compressive strength ; bearing capacity ; backfill material ; P-wave velocity ; amplitude attenuation ; resistivity ; CT scan ; sandstone ; damage variable ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; spin-lattice relaxometry ; proton ; hydration kinetics ; superplasticizer ; ready-mixed concrete ; construction material ; quality assessment ; conformity criteria ; statistical-fuzzy method ; FRTP ; rivet ; connection ; polyethylene pipe ; mechanical properties of polyethylene ; resistance strain ; computer simulation ; residual shear stress ; particle crushing ; ring shear test ; particle flow code (PFC2D) ; frictional work ; fibre-reinforced concrete ; recycled steel fibres ; micro-computed tomography ; scanning electron microscopy ; tensile strength ; reinforced concrete ; diagnostic testing ; corrosion ; carbonation ; galvanostatic pulse method ; phase composition analysis ; X-ray analysis ; thermal analysis ; quasi-brittle cement composites ; low-module polypropylene fibres ; elastic range ; digital image correlation ; Arcan shear test ; wood ; orthotropic shear modulus ; elastic-plastic material ; shear wave velocity ; sand ; bender elements test ; grain-size characteristics ; complex modulus ; shrinkage analysis ; reclaimed asphalt ; mineral–cement emulsion mixtures ; cement dusty by-products (UCPPs) ; degradation of glass panels ; effective area ratio ; relative mass loss ; visible light transmittance ; windblown sand ; wood-plastic composites ; methods of testing resistance to fungi ; methods of assessment ; ground-penetrating radar (GPR) ; non-destructive techniques (NDT) ; corrosion of reinforcement ; slip resistance ; granite floor ; slip resistance value ; ramp test ; acceptance angle ; sliding friction coefficient ; comparability of test methods ; wall temperature ; fibre bragg grating sensors ; freeze-thaw cycles ; signal analysis ; short-time Fourier transform ; fast Fourier transform ; brine ; sodium chloride ; X-ray ; partition walls ; brick walls ; bending strength ; cracking ; post-tension ; cable ; girder ; destructive test ; non-destructive test ; structural health monitoring ; safety ; monitoring fibre Bragg grating ; mining areas ; strain/stress distribution ; geopolymer concrete ; fly-ash ; bottom-ash ; neural network ; sustainability ; industrial waste management ; flexural strength ; cladding ; AE acoustic emission ; micro-events ; sound spectrum ; traditional and quasi-brittle cement composites ; residual-state creep ; saturation front ; landslides ; erosional stability ; laboratory testing ; grout mixtures ; groundwater ; test apparatus ; testing ; building materials ; elements ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Road transportation is a basic need for mobility and daily life. Currently, there are a number of challenges in dealing with distressed pavement and seeking new materials with sustainability in mind in pavement systems. Therefore, it is important to conduct further research in the following areas: (1) pavement structure, materials, and design; (2) pavement models as better solutions for pavement constructions; (3) pavement mechanics for improved understanding and mechanism analyses; (4) utilization of recycled materials for environmentally friendly solutions; (5) maintenance and rehabilitation for an extended life span of pavement; (6) intelligent construction for project management, energy conservation, and future constructions; and (7) innovative approaches to test and evaluate the performance of pavement materials. The purpose of this Special Issue “Achievements and Prospects of Advanced Pavement Materials Technologies” is to explore new research ideas for pavement materials as described above.
    Keywords: SBS-modified bitumen ; stabilizer ; thermal storage stability ; vulcanization reaction ; 48-h segregation softening point difference ; pavement design ; fatigue life ; recycling ; reclaimed asphalt pavement ; RAP ; mechanistic method ; prestressed concrete pavement ; oblique ; demonstrative road section ; stress analysis ; polyurethane ; asphalt mixture ; epoxy resin ; adhesive layer ; shear strength ; inclined shear test ; TPCB ; asphalt and asphalt mixture ; physical performance ; rheological properties ; optimization of pavement performance ; asphalt ; rejuvenator ; vegetable oil ; pavement performance ; traditional indexes ; rheological indexes ; service life ; fatigue test ; moduli decay ; loading condition ; stress state ; highway engineering ; light screening preventive maintenance agent ; optimum proportion ; permeability ; restore performance ; light aging resistance ; concrete pavement ; anti-skid performance durability ; self-developed equipment ; self-developed composite curing agent ; longitudinally-transversely grooved form ; road engineering ; bio-oil ; asphalt binder ; high-temperature performance ; master curve ; asphalt modification ; coupling agent ; rheological behavior ; plastic ; calcium carbonate powder ; carbon black nano-particles (CBNPs) ; performance grading ; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ; dynamic modulus ; rutting ; waste engine oil ; rheological analysis ; low temperature stiffness ; Discovery Hybrid Rheometer (DHR) ; asphalt mixtures ; three-dimensional stress states ; freeze-thaw cycles ; triaxial strength ; failure criterion ; nano hydrophobic silane silica ; spring-thawing season ; damage evolution ; damage model ; gray rational degree theory ; dispersion ; aged asphalt binder ; modified ; micromechanism ; performance ; pavement engineering ; runoff pollutants ; spatial-temporal distribution ; source control measures ; purification materials ; asphalt mixes ; linear viscoelasticity ; complex modulus ; dynamic measurements ; tension–compression tests ; frequency response function ; back-analysis ; finite element method ; Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) ; wet mixing ; bitumen ; homogeneous dispersion ; adhesion ; basalt fiber ; freeze-thaw cycle ; logistic damage model ; grey model ; EPS lightweight soil ; cyclic load ; axial accumulative strain ; resilient modulus ; damping ratio ; polyacrylate ; hollow microspheres ; spray drying ; discrete element ; digital image ; fatigue ; crack ; Green pavement ; Clustering index ; Extraction test and Cantabro-crushing test ; Breakage behavior ; Cluster phenomenon ; SBS modified asphalt ; laboratory test ; evaluation index ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: In the oral environment, restorative and prosthetic materials and appliances are exposed to chemical, thermal and mechanical challenges. The mechanical properties of a material define how it responds to the application of a physical force. Recent advances in nanotechnology and 3D printing have rapidly spread, and manufacturers continuously develop new materials and solutions to provide high-quality dental care, with particular attention being paid to long-term follow-up. Restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, oral surgery, implants, periodontology and orthodontics are all involved in this continuing evolution. This Special Issue focuses on all the recent technology that can enhance the mechanical properties of materials used in all of the different branches of dentistry.
    Keywords: zirconia ; digital dentistry ; lithium disilicate ; resin bonded bridge ; fracture ; adhesive restorations ; CAD/CAM ; PMMA ; surface roughness ; microhybrid composite ; sandblasting ; surface treatment ; composite repair ; minimal invasive dentistry ; concrete ; fracture properties ; dry environments ; different curing temperatures ; temperature crossover effect ; dental materials ; orthodontics ; obstructive sleep apnea ; mandibular advancement device ; finite element method ; composite resins ; compressive strength ; fixed partial denture ; AZ31 magnesium alloy ; nanoindentation ; indentation size effect ; anisotropic yielding criterion ; temperature rise ; composites ; polymerization ; flexural strength ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    University of Calgary Press
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: How have our interactions with animals shaped Calgary? What can we do to ensure that humans and animals in the city continue to co-exist, and even flourish together? This wide-ranging book explores the ways that animals inhabit our city, our lives and our imaginations. Essays from animal historians, wildlife specialists, artists and writers address key issues such as human-wildlife interactions, livestock in the city, and animal performers at the Calgary Stampede. Contributions from some of Calgary's iconic arts institutions, including One Yellow Rabbit Performance Theatre, Decidedly Jazz Danceworks, and the Glenbow Museum, demonstrate how animals continue to be a source of inspiration and exploration for fashion, art, dance, and theatre. The full-colour volume is beautifully illustrated throughout with archival images, wildlife photography, documentary and production stills, and original artwork. Calgary: City of Animals is published in co-operation with the Calgary Institute for the Humanities.
    Keywords: Nature ; Animals ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: In the past, when elements in sructures were composed of perishable materials, such as wood, the maintenance of houses, bridges, etc., was considered of vital importance for their safe use and to preserve their efficiency. With the advent of materials such as reinforced concrete and steel, given their relatively long useful life, periodic and constant maintenance has often been considered a secondary concern. When it was realized that even for structures fabricated with these materials that the useful life has an end and that it was being approached, planning maintenance became an important and non-negligible aspect. Thus, the concept of structural health monitoring (SHM) was introduced, designed, and implemented as a multidisciplinary method. Computational mechanics, static and dynamic analysis of structures, electronics, sensors, and, recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) are required, but it is also important to consider new materials, especially those with intrinsic self-diagnosis characteristics, and to use measurement and survey methods typical of modern geomatics, such as satellite surveys and highly sophisticated laser tools.
    Keywords: structural health monitoring ; jointless bridge ; high-speed railway ; bearing ; expansion device ; displacement analysis ; structural reliability estimation ; modal identification ; finite element model updating ; cyber-physical systems ; crowdsourcing ; temperature effects ; time-lag effect ; Fourier series expansion ; box-girder bridges ; structural engineering ; overall deformation monitoring ; perspective transformation ; edge detection ; close-range photogrammetry ; railway embankment ; condition assessment ; ground penetrating radar ; multi-attribute utility theory ; laser scanner ; line scanner ; structure monitoring ; deformation ; dynamic measurements ; scan-to-BIM ; point cloud ; HBIM ; FEM ; Rhinoceros ; terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) ; ground-based real aperture radar (GB-RAR) ; vibration frequency ; spectral analysis ; displacement ; structural health monitoring (SHM) ; vibration-based damage detection ; system identification ; subspace system identification (SSI) ; tie rod ; natural frequencies ; mode shapes ; root-mean-square error (RMSE) ; environmental monitoring ; long-range mapping ; MMS ; sub-millimetric EDM geodetic techniques ; damage detection ; damage localization ; hybrid approach ; neural network ; timber bridges ; stress-laminated timber decks ; monitoring ; humidity-temperature sensors ; wood moisture content ; multi-phase models ; finite element method ; moving load identification ; strain influence line ; load transverse distribution ; strain integral coefficient ; identification error ; n/a
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: In this book, you will find information on new materials and new welding technologies. Problems related to the welding of difficult-to-weld materials are considered and solved. The latest welding technologies and processes are presented. This book provides an opportunity to learn about the latest trends and developments in the welding industry. Enjoy reading.
    Keywords: laser cladding ; cryogenic conditions ; Fe-based coatings ; fiber laser ; molybdenum alloy ; welding ; status ; progress ; high-energy ball milling ; soldering ; joining ; microstructure ; interface ; Kovar alloy ; DM305 electronic glass ; glass solder ; low temperature sealing ; tin ; electrochemical migration ; dendrite ; inhibitor ; heat dissipation ; interfacial heat transfer ; SLID ; Cu/Ga ; low temperature bonding ; thermal interface material (TIM) ; spray-deposited Al-Cu-Li alloy ; GTAW ; welded joint ; performance analysis ; heat resistant steels ; post-weld heat treatment ; mechanical properties ; stainless steels ; weldability ; aggressive environments ; marine environments ; heat input ; laser welding ; amorphous alloy ; weld quality ; three-dimensional metal waveguide components ; ultrasonic welding ; electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) ; finite element method ; recrystallization ; civil engineering ; mechanical engineering ; transport ; smart city ; micro-jet welding ; mechanical resistance ; mini-specimen ; fracture ; fatigue limit ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 43
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Corrugated and composite materials can significantly outperform traditional materials. Nowadays, such materials have gained more and more attention and application not only in theoretical, experimental or numerical scientific studies but also in daily industrial problems, which require innovative solutions. The specific geometry of a corrugated layer, or the combination of two or more materials in the structures allows the mechanical properties with specific features favorable for use in a specific engineering problem to be obtained. For example, due to the specific compositions of the corrugated materials, the ratio of the load capacity to the weight of the sections is much higher than that of traditional solid sections. Therefore, such materials should be used when the weight of the structure must be optimized or the structure must have openwork geometry. Among others, the composites can be employed for a variety of purposes, for example, in corrugated boards in the packaging industry; in soft-core sandwich panels, window frames in structural engineering; in wings in commercial, civilian and military aerospace applications; in the vehicle and its equipment devices, including, panels, frames or other interior components; in fans, grating, tanks, ducts and pumps in environmental installations; in electrical engineering in switchgear, motor controls, control system components or circuit breakers; and in many more. This Special Issue “Mechanics of Corrugated and Composite Materials” addresses selected knowledge gaps and aids advance in this area.
    Keywords: corrugated board ; numerical homogenization ; strain energy equivalence ; finite element method ; plate stiffness properties ; shell structures ; transverse shear ; corrugated cardboard ; edge crush test ; orthotropic elasticity ; digital image correlation ; composites ; sandwich panel ; composite structural insulated panel ; magnesium oxide board ; bimodular material ; experimental mechanics ; computational mechanics ; finite element analysis ; perforation ; creasing ; flexural stiffness ; torsional stiffness ; sandwich panels ; local instability ; strain energy ; wrinkling ; orthotropic core ; box strength estimation ; packaging flaps ; crease line shifting ; compressive stiffness ; corrugated box ; compression strength ; pallet ; unit load ; unit load optimization ; composite sandwich structures ; thin-walled structures ; anisotropic material ; corrugated core ; homogenization approach ; first-order shear deformation theory ; FSDT ; FEM simulation ; design process ; aluminium-timber structures ; laminated veneer lumber (LVL) ; toothed plate ; screwed connection ; shear connection ; push-out test ; honeycomb panels ; starch ; impregnation ; climatic conditions ; strength ; stiffness ; energy absorption ; homogenization method ; lattice materials ; periodic cellular materials ; multiscale mechanics ; aluminium powder ; detonation ; explosive ; combustion ; oxidation ; equation of state ; n/a ; localizing gradient damage ; gradient activity function ; tension ; concrete cracking ; impact load ; dynamics ; air operation safety ; flying risk ; risk management ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: The development of modern numerical methods has led to significant advances in the field of fatigue and fracture, which are pivotal issues in structural integrity. Because of the permanent tendency to shorten time-to-market periods and the development cost, the use of the finite element method, extended finite element method, peridynamics, or meshless methods, among others, has represented a viable alternative to experimental methods. This Special Issue aims to focus on the new trends in computational methods to address fatigue and fracture problems. Research on innovative and successful industrial applications as well as on nonconventional numerical approaches is also addressed.
    Keywords: finite element method ; Taguchi method ; tooth surface contact stress ; tooth profile deviations ; meshing errors ; lead crowning modifications ; critical load ; fracture ; tubular cantilever beam ; U-notch ; theory of critical distances ; LEFM ; mesh density ; mixed mode stress intensity factors ; fatigue crack growth ; FEM ; fatigue failure ; design flaws ; mechanical system ; parametric ALT ; hinge kit system ; XFEM ; ANSYS mechanical ; smart crack growth ; stress intensity factors ; fatigue life prediction ; gears ; Single Tooth Bending Fatigue ; STBF ; Finite Element Model ; material characterization ; multiaxial fatigue ; critical plane ; metal casting ; mold design ; simulation ; optimization ; fatigue life ; reliability ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    University of Calgary Press
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: Animal Metropolis brings a Canadian perspective to the growing field of animal history, ranging across species and cities, from the beavers who engineered Stanley Park to the carthorses who shaped the city of Montreal. Some essays consider animals as spectacle: orca captivity in Vancouver, polar bear tourism in Churchill, Manitoba, fish on display in the Dominion Fisheries Museum, and the racialized memory of Jumbo the elephant in St. Thomas, Ontario. Others examine the bodily intimacies of shared urban spaces: the regulation of rabid dogs in Banff, the maternal politics of pure milk in Hamilton and the circulation of tetanus bacilli from horse to human in Toronto. Another considers the marginalization of women in Canada’s animal welfare movement. The authors collectively push forward from a historiography that features nonhuman animals as objects within human-centered inquiries to a historiography that considers the eclectic contacts, exchanges, and cohabitation of human and nonhuman animals. With contributions by: Kristoffer Archibald, Jason Colby, George Colpitts, Joanna Dean, Carla Hustak, Darcy Ingram, Sean Kheraj, William Knight, Sherry Olson, Rachel Poliquin, and Christabelle Sethna
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropology ; Environmental Science ; History ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
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  • 46
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Graphene-polymer nanocomposites continue to gain interest in diverse scientific and technological fields. Graphene-based nanomaterials present the advantages of other carbon nanofillers, like electrical and thermal conductivity, while having significantly lower production costs when compared to materials such as carbon nanotubes, for instance. In addition, in the oxidized forms of graphene, the large specific area combined with a large quantity of functionalizable chemical groups available for physical or chemical interaction with polymers, allow for good dispersion and tunable binding with the surrounding matrix. Other features are noteworthy in graphene-based nanomaterials, like their generally good biocompatibility and the ability to absorb near-infrared radiation, allowing for the use in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and photothermal therapy.This Special Issue provides an encompassing view on the state of the art of graphene-polymer composites, showing how current research is dealing with new and exciting challenges. The published papers cover topics ranging from novel production methods and insights on mechanisms of mechanical reinforcement of composites, to applications as diverse as automotive and aeronautics, cancer treatment, anticorrosive coatings, thermally conductive fabrics and foams, and oil-adsorbent aerogels.
    Keywords: graphene oxide ; polymer composite fiber ; interfacial bonding ; polypropylene ; thermal stability ; graphene ; unsaturated polyester resins ; tung oil ; biobased polymer nanocomposites ; in situ melt polycondensation ; graphene polymer matrix composite ; polyamide 66 ; elongational flow ; hydrogen bond ; poly(trimethylene terephthalate) ; electrospinning ; composite fiber ; morphology ; crystallization ; electrical conductivity ; mechanical property ; elastic recovery ; cellulose nanofibers ; polyvinyl alcohol ; directional freeze-drying ; oil absorption ; graphene oxide–platinum nanoparticles nanocomposites ; prostate cancer ; cytotoxicity ; oxidative stress ; mitochondrial membrane potential ; DNA damage ; conducting polymer ; PANI ; LEIS ; corrosion ; fabric ; cellulose nanocrystal ; thermal conductivity ; adhesives ; cohesive zone model ; finite element method ; graphene-polymer nanocomposite ; graphene/polymer interface ; molecular dynamics ; regressive softening law ; polysulfone foams ; tortuosity ; water vapor induced phase separation ; scCO2 ; toughening mechanisms ; graphene nanoplatelets ; recycled rubber ; Halpin–Tsai ; SEM ; light emitting diode ; phototherapy ; polyethylene glycol ; thermal reduction ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: The present book contains 14 articles that were accepted for publication in the Special Issue “Numerical Computation, Data Analysis and Software in Mathematics and Engineering” of the MDPI journal Mathematics. The topics of these articles include the aspects of the meshless method, numerical simulation, mathematical models, deep learning and data analysis. Meshless methods, such as the improved element-free Galerkin method, the dimension-splitting, interpolating, moving, least-squares method, the dimension-splitting, generalized, interpolating, element-free Galerkin method and the improved interpolating, complex variable, element-free Galerkin method, are presented. Some complicated problems, such as tge cold roll-forming process, ceramsite compound insulation block, crack propagation and heavy-haul railway tunnel with defects, are numerically analyzed. Mathematical models, such as the lattice hydrodynamic model, extended car-following model and smart helmet-based PLS-BPNN error compensation model, are proposed. The use of the deep learning approach to predict the mechanical properties of single-network hydrogel is presented, and data analysis for land leasing is discussed. This book will be interesting and useful for those working in the meshless method, numerical simulation, mathematical model, deep learning and data analysis fields.
    Keywords: cold-roll forming ; longitudinal strain ; cubic spline function ; cumulative chord ; elastic–plastic problem ; complex variable meshless method ; interpolating shape function ; singular weight function ; complete basis function ; mathematical model ; leased price ; total leased area ; data analysis ; residential land ; Beijing ; meshless method ; dimension splitting–interpolating moving least squares (DS-IMLS) method ; improved interpolating element-free Galerkin (IEFG) method ; potential problem ; traffic flow ; two-dimensional lattice hydrodynamic model ; driver’s predictive effect ; finite element method ; alkali-activated slag ceramsite compound insulation block ; ANSYS CFX ; thermal and mechanical performances ; indoor thermal environment ; dimension splitting method ; dimension splitting generalized interpolating element-free Galerkin method ; convection–diffusion–reaction problem ; deep learning ; hydrogel network ; mechanical property ; convolutional neural network ; self-avoiding walk ; personnel health monitoring ; construction site management ; smart helmet ; infrared temperature measurement ; temperature error compensation ; BP neural network ; COVID-19 ; peridynamics ; dual-horizon ; crack propagation ; variable horizon ; multi-grid ; car-following model ; visual angle model ; electronic throttle angle ; stability analysis ; heavy haul ; railway tunnel ; basement structure ; dynamic response characteristics ; defects ; the lattice hydrodynamic model ; control signal ; strong wind ; optimal estimation of flux difference integral ; improved element-free Galerkin method ; Helmholtz equation ; penalty method ; improved moving least-squares approximation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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  • 48
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Modern engineering practice requires advanced numerical modeling because, among other things, it reduces the costs associated with prototyping or predicting the occurrence of potentially dangerous situations during operation in certain defined conditions. Thus far, different methods have been used to implement the real structure into the numerical version. The most popular uses have been variations of the finite element method (FEM). The aim of this Special Issue has been to familiarize the reader with the latest applications of the FEM for the modeling and analysis of diverse mechanical problems. Authors are encouraged to provide a concise description of the specific application or a potential application of the Special Issue.
    Keywords: numerical modeling ; finite volumne method ; underground coal mine ; endogenous fires ; spontaneous combustion ; longwall ; ventilation system ; shot peening ; quantitative description of peening coverage ; high peening coverage ; Almen intensity ; residual compressive stress ; hybrid composite ; damage ; aramid fiber ; carbon fiber ; finite element method ; delamination ; cut bar method ; thermal conductivity ; steady-state ; heat lakes ; finite element modeling ; aluminum conductor steel-reinforced cable ; bend deformation ; stress ; friction coefficient ; wind loads ; fatigue fracture ; FEM ; SFEM ; active periodic structures ; smart materials ; PCHE ; misalignment ; channel ; utilization factor ; torsion springs ; FEA ; NURBS ; applied load ; local behaviors ; drill pipe joint ; design ; sealing properties ; experiment ; bias tire ; textile cord ; shrinkage ; rubber ; inflation analysis ; nondestructive inspection ; crack detection ; low loading ; surface profile ; turbine blade ; finite element analysis ; swingarm ; single-sided ; Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) ; three-wheel motorcycle ; topology optimization ; collision modeling ; mechanical parameters ; contact detection ; web deformation ; strain deviation ; design of experiment ; roll-to-roll process ; solid mechanics ; finite elements ; hp-adaptivity ; numerical locking ; detection ; assessment ; resolution ; equilibrated residual method ; sensitivity analysis ; p-enrichment ; bell crank ; natural frequency ; reverse engineering ; vibrometer ; Abaqus ; numerical simulation ; biomechanics ; head injury ; safety ; injury criteria ; disability ; driver ; HALE UAV ; generative modelling ; thin-layer composite structure ; electro-mechanical systems ; piezoelectrics ; hierarchical models ; first-order models ; transition models ; hpq/hp-approximations ; adaptivity ; stress gradients ; convergence ; damage detection ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 49
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The most influential research topic in the twenty-first century seems to be mathematics, as it generates innovation in a wide range of research fields. It supports all engineering fields, but also areas such as medicine, healthcare, business, etc. Therefore, the intention of this Special Issue is to deal with mathematical works related to engineering and multidisciplinary problems. Modern developments in theoretical and applied science have widely depended our knowledge of the derivatives and integrals of the fractional order appearing in engineering practices. Therefore, one goal of this Special Issue is to focus on recent achievements and future challenges in the theory and applications of fractional calculus in engineering sciences. The special issue included some original research articles that address significant issues and contribute towards the development of new concepts, methodologies, applications, trends and knowledge in mathematics. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following: Fractional mathematical models; Computational methods for the fractional PDEs in engineering; New mathematical approaches, innovations and challenges in biotechnologies and biomedicine; Applied mathematics; Engineering research based on advanced mathematical tools.
    Keywords: fractional order IMC ; first order plus dead-time processes ; event-based implementation ; numerical simulations ; comparative closed loop results ; nonlinear wave phenomen ; RBF ; local RBF-FD ; stability ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; quaternion-based estimator ; low-cost design ; automatic optical inspection ; kinetic theory ; parallel robots ; robust control ; sliding mode control ; basinI ; basinII ; mean pressure head ; pressure head with different probabilities of occurrence ; standard deviation of the pressure fluctuations ; statistical modeling ; USBR ; desalination ; humidification-dehumidification ; waste heat recovery ; mathematical model ; yearly analysis ; thermo-economics ; multi-objective optimization ; cruise altitude ; fuel consumption ; time to climb ; Hermite-Simpson method ; trajectory optimization ; terminal residual analysis (TRA) ; m-σ terminal residual analysis (m-σ TRA) ; power transformer ; stray losses ; analytical methods ; finite element method ; gridshell structures ; shape ratio ; length ratio ; regularity ; particle swarm optimization ; genetic algorithm ; hybrid nanofluid ; dual solutions ; mixed convection ; stagnation point ; radiation ; stability analysis ; machine learning ; eXterme Gradient Boosting ; Computation Fluid Dynamics ; blade vibration ; unsteady aerodynamic model ; active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) ; multiobjective optimization ; time delay systems ; tuning rules ; soft robotics ; fractional calculus ; CACSD toolbox ; operating point linearization ; automatic uncertainty bound computation ; Model-in-the-Loop simulation ; hybrid simulation ; ℋ∞ control ; μ synthesis ; DC-to-DC power converters ; buck ; boost ; SEPIC ; rainfall-runoff model ; curve number ; inferential statistics ; 3D runoff difference model ; model calibration ; PAT model ; modified affinity laws ; hydraulic simulation tool ; μ-synthesis ; fractional-order control ; swarm optimization ; artificial bee colony optimization ; CNC machine ; mixed sensitivity ; D–K iteration ; Linear Matrix Inequality ; biotechnology ; fermentation process ; batch bioreactors ; modeling ; control system design and synthesis ; linear control ; adaptive control ; model reference adaptive control ; control system realization ; mixed-sensitivity ; FO-PID ; twin rotor aerodynamic system ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 50
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Multibody systems with flexible elements represent mechanical systems composed of many elastic (and rigid) interconnected bodies meeting a functional, technical, or biological assembly. The displacement of each or some of the elements of the system is generally large and cannot be neglected in mechanical modeling. The study of these multibody systems covers many industrial fields, but also has applications in medicine, sports, and art. The systematic treatment of the dynamic behavior of interconnected bodies has led to an important number of formalisms for multibody systems within mechanics. At present, this formalism is used in large engineering fields, especially robotics and vehicle dynamics. The formalism of multibody systems offers a means of algorithmic analysis, assisted by computers, and a means of simulating and optimizing an arbitrary movement of a possibly high number of elastic bodies in the connection. The domain where researchers apply these methods are robotics, simulations of the dynamics of vehicles, biomechanics, aerospace engineering (helicopters and the behavior of cars in a gravitational field), internal combustion engines, gearboxes, transmissions, mechanisms, the cellulose industry, simulation of particle behavior (granulated particles and molecules), dynamic simulation, military applications, computer games, medicine, and rehabilitation.
    Keywords: symmetry ; asymmetry ; measure of skewness ; decile ; Monte Carlo algorithm ; Gibbs–Appell ; energy of accelerations ; finite element ; nonlinear system ; elastic elements ; analytical dynamics ; robotics ; Hilbert’s inequality ; Fubini theorem ; Fenchel-Legendre transform ; time scale ; fractional derivative ; skin tissues ; thermal damages ; Laplace transforms ; Kane’s equations ; planar mechanism ; Lagrange’s equations ; dynamics ; finite element method (FEM) ; multibody system (MBS) ; wind water pump ; strands wire rope ; experimental transitory vibrating regime ; stiffness ; damping ; joint time-frequency analysis ; Prony method ; matrix pencil method ; multibody ; propulsion drive ; linear motion ; eccentric trajectory ; reusable launch vehicles ; soft landing ; magnetorheological fluid ; numerical simulation ; multibody systems with flexible elements ; elastic bonds ; vibrations ; initial matrix ; stiffness matrix ; stability ; laser ; nuclear installation ; insulation ; Extreme Light Infrastructure ; gamma ray ; flexible coupling ; bolt ; non-metallic element ; finite element method ; elastic characteristic ; Light Sport Aircraft ; conceptual aircraft design ; wing ; flap ; aileron ; weight estimation ; symmetric profile ; sustainability ; mosquito borne diseases ; Aedes Aegypti ; Wolbachia invasion ; impulsive control ; time scales ; Noether theory ; conserved quantity ; elastic coupling ; non-metallic elements ; dynamic rigidity ; non-collinearly shafts ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: In this Special Issue on symmetry, we mainly discuss the application of symmetry in various structural health monitoring. For example, considering the health monitoring of a known structure, by obtaining the static or dynamic response of the structure, using different signal processing methods, including some advanced filtering methods, to remove the influence of environmental noise, and extract structural feature parameters to determine the safety of the structure. These damage diagnosis methods can also be effectively applied to various types of infrastructure and mechanical equipment. For this reason, the vibration control of various structures and the knowledge of random structure dynamics should be considered, which will promote the rapid development of the structural health monitoring. Among them, signal extraction and evaluation methods are also worthy of study. The improvement of signal acquisition instruments and acquisition methods improves the accuracy of data. A good evaluation method will help to correctly understand the performance with different types of infrastructure and mechanical equipment.
    Keywords: real-time hybrid simulation ; H∞ control ; time delay ; mixed sensitivity ; structural health monitoring ; deep learning ; data anomaly detection ; convolutional neural network ; time–frequency extraction ; micro inertial measurement unit (MIMU) ; variational mode decomposition (VMD) ; Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) ; frequency-domain integration approach (FDIA) ; torsion angle calculation ; offshore oil platform ; self-anchored suspension bridge ; cable clamp ; slippage ; force analysis ; high formwork ; ARMA ; BPNN ; stress trend prediction ; crack detection ; improved YOLOv4 ; concrete surface ; substructure shake table testing ; integration algorithm ; finite element method ; damper ; digital twin ; prestressed steel structure ; construction process ; safety assessment ; intelligent construction ; structural health monitoring (SHM) ; vibration ; frequency domain ; time domain ; time-frequency domain ; technical codes ; multiple square loops (MSL)-string ; seismic excitation ; dynamic response ; seismic pulse ; near and far field ; three-dimensional laser scanning ; surface flatness of initial support of tunnel ; curved surface fitting ; flatness calculation datum ; curvedcontinuous girder bridge ; collision response ; seismic mitigation ; pounding mitigation and unseating prevention ; heavy-duty vehicle ; road ; coupling model ; terrestrial laser scanning ; RGB ; genetic algorithm ; artificial neutral network ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Induction machines are one of the most important technical applications for both the industrial world and private use. Since their invention (achievements of Galileo Ferraris, Nikola Tesla, and Michal Doliwo-Dobrowolski), they have been widely used in different electrical drives and as generators, thanks to their features such as reliability, durability, low price, high efficiency, and resistance to failure. The methods for designing and using induction machines are similar to the methods used in other electric machines but have their own specificity. Many issues discussed here are based on the fundamental achievements of authors such as Nasar, Boldea, Yamamura, Tegopoulos, and Kriezis, who laid the foundations for the development of induction machines, which are still relevant today. The control algorithms are based on the achievements of Blaschke (field vector-oriented control) and Depenbrock or Takahashi (direct torque control), who created standards for the control of induction machines. Today’s induction machines must meet very stringent requirements of reliability, high efficiency, and performance. Thanks to the application of highly efficient numerical algorithms, it is possible to design induction machines faster and at a lower cost. At the same time, progress in materials science and technology enables the development of new machine topologies. The main objective of this book is to contribute to the development of induction machines in all areas of their applications.
    Keywords: LIM ; slip frequency ; linear induction motor ; automatic train operation ; rotor field-oriented angle error ; indirect rotor field-oriented control ; induction machine drives ; model-based prediction ; linear induction motors ; finite element analysis ; end effect ; induction machines ; electrical machines ; thermal modeling ; soft magnetic material ; thermal conductivity ; induction motor ; solid rotor ; effective parameters ; finite element method ; modelling of ring induction motors ; Monte Carlo method ; accurate modelling ; induction machine ; electromagnetic models ; model selection ; optimization ; artificial neural networks ; pattern search ; evolutionary strategy ; simulated annealing ; artificial neural network ; fourth central moment ; homogeneity analysis ; induction motors ; mechanical unbalance ; one broken rotor bar ; outer-race bearing fault ; startup transient current ; two broken rotor bars ; three-phase induction motor ; squirrel-cage rotor ; energy efficiency ; motor performance ; n/a ; dynamic model ; Matlab/Simulink ; rotor winding ; stator winding ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 53
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Composites have been increasingly used in various structural components in the aerospace, marine, automotive, and wind energy sectors. Composites’ material characterization is a vital part of the product development and production process. Physical, mechanical, and chemical characterization helps developers to further their understanding of products and materials, thus ensuring quality control. Achieving an in-depth understanding and consequent improvement of the general performance of these materials, however, still requires complex material modeling and simulation tools, which are often multiscale and encompass multiphysics. This Special Issue is aimed at soliciting promising, recent developments in composite modeling, simulation, and characterization, in both design and manufacturing areas, including experimental as well as industrial-scale case studies. All submitted manuscripts will undergo a rigorous review and will only be considered for publication if they meet journal standards.
    Keywords: glass/epoxy composite ; fire-hazard ; fiber-reinforced polymer composite ; multiscale characterization ; Folgar Tucker model ; multicomponent suspensions ; smoothed particle hydrodynamics ; additive manufacturing ; 6D printing ; 4D printing ; 3D printing ; smart materials ; nanocomposites ; interphase/interface ; X-ray computed microtomography ; damage mechanics ; finite element analysis ; insulation composites ; thermal properties ; mechanical properties ; Cannabis ; hemp ; bark ; buckling ; fundamental frequency ; finite element method ; laminated composites ; drive shaft ; carbon nanotubes ; Stefan problem ; multiscale ; generalized multiscale finite element method ; composite pile ; thermal conduction ; spheroidized steel ; local ductile damage ; crystal plasticity ; numerical simulation ; local deformation behavior ; DAMASK ; composite ; pipe ; fracture toughness ; damage ; ring stiffness infrastructure industries ; crack detection ; fiber-reinforced polymers ; fatigue damage model ; composite fatigue ; off-axis cracks ; crashworthiness ; composites ; FEA ; progressive crushing ; LS-DYNA ; 3D woven fabrics ; preform ; complexity ; cost model ; learning ; Weavebird ; Jacquard ; composite materials ; genetic algorithm ; important genes ; strength ratio ; biomedical implants ; mathematical modeling ; loading point ratio ; strain proportionality factor ; polymer materials ; Finite Element Method ; conveyor belts ; steel cables ; submodelling ; particulate composite ; microstructure ; finite element modeling ; representative volume element ; elastic property ; microstructure-based ; microstructure-free ; boron nitride nanotubes ; porous scaffold ; representative volume elements ; variable stiffness composite ; variable angle tow ; automated fiber placement ; Defect Layer Method ; natural frequency ; genetic algorithm optimization ; sandwich structures ; lightweight structures ; advanced composites ; polyurethane foam ; quadratic failure function ; Tsai–Wu criterion ; failure envelope ; strength ; transverse shear strengths ; transversely isotropic materials ; moisture diffusion ; compressive behavior ; SHPB technique ; glass/polyester composite joints ; 3D filament winding ; commingled yarn ; fiber skeleton ; geometry modeling ; structural simulation ; SPH ; hyperelastic ; drop test ; fuel tank ; FEM ; explicit analysis ; bladder ; tiltrotor ; short fibre reinforced plastics ; SFRP ; fused layer modeling ; FLM ; fused deposition modeling ; FDM ; material models ; simulation ; short-fiber reinforced thermoplastic components ; injection molding simulation ; fiber orientation ; structural dynamics ; material modeling ; size effect ; reinforced concrete beams ; finite-element method ; shear strengthening ; externally bonded carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (EB-CFRP) composites ; lithium ; LAGP ; electrolyte ; thermal decomposition ; analytical model ; stress–strain curve ; short fiber-reinforced thermoplastic ; homogenization methods ; steel-cable-reinforced rubber ; composite material ; bimodal microstructure ; titanium ; Ti6242 ; spherical indentation ; image segmentation ; rule of mixtures ; effective property ; non-equilibrium energy molding ; mold filling ; process simulation ; high pressure resin transfer molding ; openFOAM ; porous media ; fused deposition modeling (FDM) ; fused filament fabrication (FFF) ; polylactic acid (PLA) filament ; acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament ; nondestructive testing (NDT) ; additive manufacturing (AM) ; composite structures ; characterization ; modeling ; experiments ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of testing of different materials and elements in civil engineering, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Interesting results with significance for building practices were obtained.
    Keywords: rock bolt ; grouting quality ; dynamic response ; natural frequency ; finite element method ; monitoring ; historical masonry wall ; hygrothermal processes ; internal insulation ; testing of building materials ; test uncertainty ; validation of test methods ; sustainable test methods ; recycling ; foamed asphalt mixtures with cement (FAC) ; base layer ; reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) ; fatigue durability ; GFRP ; FRP reinforcement ; shear ; capacity ; reinforced concrete beams ; column ; stiffness ; FRCM ; PBO mesh ; PBO–FRCM ; carpentry joints ; scarf and splice joints ; stop-splayed scarf joints (‘bolt of lightning’) ; static behaviour ; experimental research ; concrete ; non-destructive testing ; ultrasounds ; ultrasonic tomography ; acoustic methods ; defects ; diagnostic ; detection ; convolutional neural networks ; transfer learning ; monitoring FBG ; power transmission tower ; civil engineering ; X-ray microtomography ; microstructure characteristics ; infiltration damage ; high-strength concrete ; steel fibres ; flexural tensile strength ; fracture energy ; numerical analysis ; concrete floors ; compressive strength ; strength distribution ; industrial floors ; ultrasound tests ; ventilated facades ; large-scale facade model ; fire safety ; fiber cement board ; large-slab ceramic tile ; plasterboards ; moisture content ; hydration processes ; mechanical properties ; ultrasound measurements ; ESD resin ; expansion joint ; quasi-plastic material ; energy absorption ; asphalt mix ; compaction index ; volumetric parameters ; stiffness modulus ; moisture resistance ; roughness ; texture ; close-range photogrammetry ; bond strength ; random field generation ; semivariograms ; hybrid truss bridge ; steel–concrete connection joint ; mechanical behavior ; failure mode ; strain ; static test ; static elastic modulus ; dynamic elastic modulus ; machine learning ; P-wave ; S-wave ; resonance frequency test ; nondestructive method ; Al–Ti laminate ; fracture ; acoustic emission diagnostic ; pattern recognition ; clustering AE signal ; storage systems ; tab connector ; flexural test ; capable design moment ; restrained ring test ; autogenous shrinkage cracking ; concrete cracking test ; concrete shrinkage cracking test ; restrined ring calibration ; cement–fiber boards ; acoustic emission method ; k-means algorithm ; wavelet analysis ; fiber composites ; ground penetrating radar (GPR) ; HMA dielectric constant ; road pavement thickness estimation ; early age concrete ; damage processes detection before loading ; strength of structures ; aggregate ; classification ; wire mesh ; roundness ; tilting angle ; opening size ; concrete centrifugation ; morphology ; image processing ; porosity ; cement ; waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) ; controlled low-strength material (CLSM) ; unconfined compressive strength ; bearing capacity ; backfill material ; P-wave velocity ; amplitude attenuation ; resistivity ; CT scan ; sandstone ; damage variable ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; spin-lattice relaxometry ; proton ; hydration kinetics ; superplasticizer ; ready-mixed concrete ; construction material ; quality assessment ; conformity criteria ; statistical-fuzzy method ; FRTP ; rivet ; connection ; polyethylene pipe ; mechanical properties of polyethylene ; resistance strain ; computer simulation ; residual shear stress ; particle crushing ; ring shear test ; particle flow code (PFC2D) ; frictional work ; fibre-reinforced concrete ; recycled steel fibres ; micro-computed tomography ; scanning electron microscopy ; tensile strength ; reinforced concrete ; diagnostic testing ; corrosion ; carbonation ; galvanostatic pulse method ; phase composition analysis ; X-ray analysis ; thermal analysis ; quasi-brittle cement composites ; low-module polypropylene fibres ; elastic range ; digital image correlation ; Arcan shear test ; wood ; orthotropic shear modulus ; elastic-plastic material ; shear wave velocity ; sand ; bender elements test ; grain-size characteristics ; complex modulus ; shrinkage analysis ; reclaimed asphalt ; mineral–cement emulsion mixtures ; cement dusty by-products (UCPPs) ; degradation of glass panels ; effective area ratio ; relative mass loss ; visible light transmittance ; windblown sand ; wood-plastic composites ; methods of testing resistance to fungi ; methods of assessment ; ground-penetrating radar (GPR) ; non-destructive techniques (NDT) ; corrosion of reinforcement ; slip resistance ; granite floor ; slip resistance value ; ramp test ; acceptance angle ; sliding friction coefficient ; comparability of test methods ; wall temperature ; fibre bragg grating sensors ; freeze-thaw cycles ; signal analysis ; short-time Fourier transform ; fast Fourier transform ; brine ; sodium chloride ; X-ray ; partition walls ; brick walls ; bending strength ; cracking ; post-tension ; cable ; girder ; destructive test ; non-destructive test ; structural health monitoring ; safety ; monitoring fibre Bragg grating ; mining areas ; strain/stress distribution ; geopolymer concrete ; fly-ash ; bottom-ash ; neural network ; sustainability ; industrial waste management ; flexural strength ; cladding ; AE acoustic emission ; micro-events ; sound spectrum ; traditional and quasi-brittle cement composites ; residual-state creep ; saturation front ; landslides ; erosional stability ; laboratory testing ; grout mixtures ; groundwater ; test apparatus ; testing ; building materials ; elements ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is devoted to energy harvesting from smart materials and devices. It focusses on the latest available techniques recently published by researchers all over the world. Energy Harvesting allows otherwise wasted environmental energy to be converted into electric energy, such as vibrations, wind and solar energy. It is a common experience that the limiting factor for wearable electronics, such as smartphones or wearable bands, or for wireless sensors in harsh environments, is the finite energy stored in onboard batteries. Therefore, the answer to the battery “charge or change” issue is energy harvesting because it converts the energy in the precise location where it is needed. In order to achieve this, suitable smart materials are needed, such as piezoelectrics or magnetostrictives. Moreover, energy harvesting may also be exploited for other crucial applications, such as for the powering of implantable medical/sensing devices for humans and animals. Therefore, energy harvesting from smart materials will become increasingly important in the future. This book provides a broad perspective on this topic for researchers and readers with both physics and engineering backgrounds.
    Keywords: magnetostrictive ; energy harvesting ; wearable ; magnetostrictive materials ; Galfenol ; finite element model ; iron–gallium ; measurements ; preisach model ; piezoelectric ceramics ; lead-free piezoceramics ; virtual instrument ; 3D electrospinning ; PVDF fibers ; piezoelectricity ; piezoelectric sensing ; wind energy harvesting ; snap-through motion ; dynamic stability ; variable-speed ; double-clamped ; width shapes ; piezoelectric energy harvester ; electrodes pair ; MEMS structure ; finite element method ; open circuit voltage ; moving load ; layered double hydroxide solar cell (LDHSC) ; photoactive material ; UV-Vis absorption ; dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) ; photoactive layered double hydroxide (LDH) ; transition metal modification ; optical bandgap analysis ; renewable energy ; photovoltaic device design ; iron (Fe) modified MgFeAl LDH ; triboelectric effect ; polymer and composites ; low-power devices ; thermomagnetic energy generators ; power generation ; waste heat recovery ; lumped-element modelling ; magnetic shape memory films ; Ni-Mn-Ga film ; magnetization change ; Curie temperature ; finite element simulation ; piezoelectric unit distributions ; electrical potential and energy ; von Mises stress ; PVDF ; piezoelectric material ; human body movements ; glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite ; multifunctional structural laminate ; thermal energy harvesting ; through-thickness thermal gradient ; thermoelectric generator (TEG) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Most of the treatments in medicine are patient specific, aren’t they? So why should we bother with individualizing implants if we adapt our therapy to patients anyway? Looking at the neighboring field of oncologic treatment, you would not question the fact that individualization of tumor therapy with personalized antibodies has led to the thriving of this field in terms of success in patient survival and positive responses to alternatives for conventional treatments. Regarding the latest cutting-edge developments in orthopedic surgery and biotechnology, including new imaging techniques and 3D-printing of bone substitutes as well as implants, we do have an armamentarium available to stimulate the race for innovation in medicine. This Special Issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine will gather all relevant new and developed techniques already in clinical practice. Examples include the developments in revision arthroplasty and tumor (pelvic replacement) surgery to recreate individual defects, individualized implants for primary arthroplasty to establish physiological joint kinematics, and personalized implants in fracture treatment, to name but a few.
    Keywords: patient specific implant ; custom made implant ; revision hip ; Paprosky ; pelvic discontinuity ; highly cancellous ; implant surface ; tibia ; titanium alloy ; 3D printing ; megaendoprosthesis ; orthopedic oncology ; limb salvage ; patient safety management ; vascular bypass ; soft tissue sarcoma ; vascular reconstruction ; shoulder arthroplasty ; X-ray images ; implant classification ; deep learning ; dense residual ensemble-network ; rotational invariant augmentation ; Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP) ; custom implant ; patient-specific implants (PSI) ; spinal surgery ; total knee replacement ; total knee arthroplasty ; kinematic alignment ; slope ; rotation ; navigation-assisted surgery ; tumor orthopedics ; oncologic orthopedics ; patient specific ; tumor surgery ; bone defects ; hip detection ; deep convolutional neural network ; radiography ; leg alignment ; patient-specific instruments ; custom-made implant ; rotational correction ; custom-made ; rTKA ; 3D-printed ; individual ; limb-salvage ; cone ; customised ; personalised ; knee replacement ; native knee morphology ; femoral J-Curve ; principal component analysis ; geometric parameter analysis ; individualized alignment ; restricted kinematic alignment ; robotic-assisted TKA ; MAKO ; safe zone ; pelvic tumors ; 3D printed prostheses ; computer aided design pelvic reconstruction ; arthroplasty ; complications ; bone tumor ; pelvis ; patient-specific ; individualized ; 3D-printing ; unicondylar knee arthroplasty ; unicompartmental knee replacement ; unicondylar knee replacement ; partial knee arthroplasty ; partial knee replacement ; UKA ; UKR ; augmented reality ; image-guided surgery ; intraoperative imaging ; simulation ; mixed reality ; reversed shoulder arthroplasty ; 3D planning ; total hip arthroplasty ; finite element method ; cemented and uncemented acetabular fixation ; polyethylene wear patterns ; cervical–diaphyseal angle ; center of rotation ; material head ; size head ; liner thickness ; preoperative planning ; patient-specific THA ; target zone ; leg length discrepancy ; range of motion ; edge loading ; TKA ; tricompartmental knee osteoarthritis ; iTotal ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book deals with metal processing and its numerical modelling and simulation. In total, 21 papers from different distinguished authors have been compiled in this area. Various processes are addressed, including solidification, TIG welding, additive manufacturing, hot and cold rolling, deep drawing, pipe deformation, and galvanizing. Material models are developed at different length scales from atomistic simulation to finite element analysis in order to describe the evolution and behavior of materials during thermal and thermomechanical treatment. Materials under consideration are carbon, Q&T, DP, and stainless steels; ductile iron; and aluminum, nickel-based, and titanium alloys. The developed models and simulations shall help to predict structure evolution, damage, and service behavior of advanced materials.
    Keywords: all-position automatic tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding ; optimal welding parameters ; response surface method (RSM) ; lap joint ; weld bead geometry ; tin alloy ; modified embedded-atom method ; molecular dynamics simulation ; phase transformation ; diffusion ; numerical simulation ; cellular automaton ; dendritic grain growth ; quantitative prediction ; plasticity forming ; cold roll-beating forming ; process parameter ; multi-objective optimization ; undermatched ; integrity identification ; XFEM ; fracture toughness calculation method ; microstructure ; tensile properties ; intermetallics ; casting ; dual phase steel ; hot dip galvanizing line ; multivariate analysis ; dilatometry ; selective laser melting ; additive manufacturing ; SLM ; FEM ; Al2O3 ; reinforced ; Al2O3-ZrO2 ; 304 ; stainless ; composite ; aluminium alloy ; EN AW-6060 ; precipitation hardening aluminium alloys ; material model ; heating ; cooling ; flow cures ; LS-DYNA ; molecular dynamics ; nano-cutting ; crystal direction ; γ-TiAl alloy ; stacking fault ; flow stress ; hot deformation ; carbon steel ; continuous cooling ; phase transformations ; rupture disc ; finite element analysis ; burst fracture ; mechanical property ; austenitic stainless steel ; stress triaxiality ; material damage ; FEM simulation ; ultrasonic drawing ; titanium wire ; drawing force ; Mises stress ; contact stress ; work hardening ; deep drawing ; limiting drawing ratio (LDR) ; draw radius ; anisotropy ; finite element method ; stainless steels ; plastic deformation ; mechanical properties ; quarter buckle ; roll stack deflection ; strip material flow ; roll contour optimisation ; hot-rolled stainless steel ; model fitting ; optimization ; metal casting ; SGI ; compass search ; NEWUOA ; genetic algorithm ; particle swarm optimization ; additive manufacture ; Ti-6Al-4V ; temperature distribution ; distortion ; residual stress ; experimental validation ; cylindrical cup ; earing ; thermal modeling ; volumetric heat source ; computational efficiency ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: This reprint provides an international forum for the presentation and discussion of the latest developments in structural-steel research and its applications. The topics of this reprint include the modelling, testing and practice of steel structures and steel-based composite structures. A total of 17 high-quality, original papers dealing with all aspects of steel-structures research, including modelling, testing, and construction research on material properties, components, assemblages, connection, and structural behaviors, are included for publication.
    Keywords: shear dampers ; steel tube dampers ; low cycle cyclic load ; mechanical properties ; energy dissipation capacity ; data analysis ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; chemical composition of welds ; data augmentation technique ; bolted ball-cylinder joints ; FE analysis ; elevated temperature ; parametric study ; design methods ; steel plate wall ; diagonal stiffener ; torsional stiffness ; elastic buckling ; threshold stiffness ; digital twin ; Dijkstra algorithm ; prestressed steel structure ; material allocation ; intelligent planning ; construction management ; random forest ; influencing factors ; intelligent analysis ; offshore structure ; falling object collision ; similarity law ; scaled test ; finite element analysis ; fracture performance ; SBHS500 ; SM570 ; SM490 ; high strength steel ; notch ; reliability analysis ; ship local structure ; probabilistic simulation ; Kriging model ; Bayesian data fusion ; L-shaped column ; recycled aggregate concrete ; concrete-filled steel tube ; eccentric compression ; finite element model ; suspender ; steel arch bridge ; fatigue life ; overloaded rate ; finite element ; corrugated steel plate shear wall ; damage state ; repair state ; fragility function ; probabilistic assessment ; partially connected steel plate shear wall ; shear strength ; connectivity ratio ; finite element method ; design formula ; pipe-in-pipe system ; global buckling ; the sleeper-distributed buoyancy method ; active control ; pipeline design ; orthotropic steel deck ; crack propagation ; fatigue performance ; arch structure ; stability behavior ; spatial grid arch structure ; stability analysis ; initial imperfections ; nonlinear factors ; ultimate load-carrying capacity ; structural steel ; elevated temperatures ; cooling-down method ; cyclic performance ; skeleton curve ; n/a ; ductile crack ; high-strength steel ; low-stress triaxiality ; modified N-VG model ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The essential principles of green chemistry are the use of renewable raw materials, highly efficient catalysts and green solvents linked with energy efficiency and process optimization in real-time. Experts from different fields show, how to examine all levels from the molecular elementary steps up to the design and operation of an entire plant for developing novel and efficient production processes.
    Keywords: Process Engineering ; Chemical Engineering ; Technical Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: It is well known that many structural and physical problems cannot be solved by analytical approaches. These problems require the development of numerical methods to get approximate but accurate solutions. The minite element method (FEM) represents one of the most typical methodologies that can be used to achieve this aim, due to its simple implementation, easy adaptability, and very good accuracy. For these reasons, the FEM is a widespread technique which is employed in many engineering fields, such as civil, mechanical, and aerospace engineering. The large-scale deployment of powerful computers and the consequent recent improvement of the computational resources have provided the tools to develop numerical approaches that are able to solve more complex structural systems characterized by peculiar mechanical configurations. Laminated or multi-phase composites, structures made of innovative materials, and nanostructures are just some examples of applications that are commonly and accurately solved by the FEM. Analogously, the same numerical approaches can be employed to validate the results of experimental tests. The main aim of this Special Issue is to collect numerical investigations focused on the use of the finite element method
    Keywords: beam element ; Quasi-3D ; static bending ; functionally graded beam ; Monte Carlo method ; coalbed methane ; stochastic fracture network ; fracture geometric parameters ; dual-porosity and dual-permeability media ; finite element method ; three-phase composite materials ; Finite Element modeling ; sandwich plates ; zig-zag theory ; carbon nanotubes ; free vibrations ; soda-lime glass ; cohesive zone model ; rate-dependent ; impact loading ; finite element ; FGM ; plate ; material-oriented shape functions ; NURBS ; Finite elements ; finite bending ; 3D elasticity ; Eulerian slenderness ; compactness index ; Searle parameter ; Elastica ; pultruded beams ; effective stiffness matrix ; FRP ; hollow circular beams ; rigid finite element method ; composite ; steel-polymer concrete ; machine tool ; multibody system ; orthotropic failure criteria ; implementation ; plasticity ; masonry ; geometric nonlinearity ; FEM ; thermoelasticity ; bowing ; transient heat flux ; acoustic black holes ; acoustic-oriented design ; additive manufacturing ; vibroacoustics ; material parameter identification ; model order reduction ; reinforced concrete ; finite element analysis ; crack band ; strain localization ; post-peak softening ; viscoplastic regularization ; convergence ; mesh sensitivity ; bond–slip ; flexural behavior ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In this Special Issue, we have gathered work on simulations of polycrystalline metals and alloys at various length scales to model multiscale localization phenomena such as slip bands, cracks, and twins. The series highlights innovative techniques that combine simulation and experiments to capture material production and guide the development of forming theories. The published work helps to understand the effect of microstructure characteristics on deformation and damage behavior under multiaxial load conditions. Furthermore, these models and the studies can be used with machine learning technologies to optimize microstructure functions for materials application and process paths.
    Keywords: crystal plasticity ; twinning ; detwinning ; dislocation ; X-ray diffraction ; SEM-DIC ; Magnesium ; plastic crystals ; Raman spectroscopy ; low temperature ; high-pressure ; L-Leucinium hydrogen maleate ; plasticity ; bending crystal ; damage mechanics ; numerical simulation ; local deformation behavior ; in situ tensile test ; VEDDAC ; DAMASK ; digital image correlation ; non-metallic inclusions ; discrete dislocation dynamics ; finite element method ; multiscale model ; size effects ; magnesium alloy ; slip transfer ; crystallographic misorientation ; ductility ; multilevel models ; dynamic recrystallization ; grain shape and grain size ; defect and grain structure evolution ; representative volume element ; least square method ; alternative error method ; dual-phase steel ; grain boundary ; characteristics ; electron microscopy ; cubic quasicrystal piezoelectric materials ; crack ; screw dislocation ; complex variable function method ; aluminum wires ; overhead power transmission lines ; XRD ; EBSD ; densitometry ; elastoplastic properties ; density ; near-surface layer ; solder joints ; lead-free ; reliability ; creep ; fatigue ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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    Berghahn Books | Berghahn Books
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Employing methodological perspectives from the fields of political geography, environmental studies, anthropology, and their cognate disciplines, this volume explores alternative logics of sentient landscapes as racist, xenophobic, and right-wing. While the field of sentient landscapes has gained critical attention, the literature rarely seems to question the intentionality of sentient landscapes, which are often romanticized as pure, good, and just, and perceived as protectors of those who are powerless, indigenous, and colonized. The book takes a new stance on sentient landscapes with the intention of dispelling the denial of “coevalness” represented by their scholarly romanticization.
    Keywords: Social Science ; Sociology ; Rural ; Nature ; Animals ; Social Science ; Anthropology ; Cultural & Social ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSF Rural communities ; bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WN Natural history::WNC Wildlife: general interest ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Modern engineering design processes are driven by the extensive use of numerical simulations; naval architecture and ocean engineering are no exception. Computational power has been improved over the last few decades; therefore, the integration of different tools such as CAD, FEM, CFD, and CAM has enabled complex modeling and manufacturing problems to be solved in a more feasible way. Classical naval design methodology can take advantage of this integration, giving rise to more robust designs in terms of shape, structural and hydrodynamic performances, and the manufacturing process.This Special Issue invites researchers and engineers from both academia and the industry to publish the latest progress in design and manufacturing techniques in marine engineering and to debate the current issues and future perspectives in this research area. Suitable topics for this issue include, but are not limited to, the following:CAD-based approaches for designing the hull and appendages of sailing and engine-powered boats and comparisons with traditional techniques;Finite element method applications to predict the structural performance of the whole boat or of a portion of it, with particular attention to the modeling of the material used;Embedded measurement systems for structural health monitoring;Determination of hydrodynamic efficiency using experimental, numerical, or semi-empiric methods for displacement and planning hulls;Topology optimization techniques to overcome traditional scantling criteria based on international standards;Applications of additive manufacturing to derive innovative shapes for internal reinforcements or sandwich hull structures.
    Keywords: wave compensation platform ; 3-SPR parallel platform ; 3-RPS parallel platform ; structure optimization ; workspace analysis ; level 4 sea state ; cryogenic tank ; boil-off gas (BOG) ; boil-off rate (BOR) ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; liquid nitrogen ; near-bottom zooplankton ; multi-net ; visible sampling ; fidelity ; deep sea ; sailing yacht design ; rational Bézier curves ; VBA ; excel ; CAD ; VPP ; computational fluid dynamics ; hull design ; air cavity ships ; hull ventilation ; stepped planing hull ; Cartesian adaptive grids ; immersed boundaries ; LES simulation ; velocity prediction program ; numerical optimization ; High-Fidelity analysis ; geometric parameterization ; multihull design ; finite element method ; FSI ; sail design ; gennaker ; sail loads ; biomimetic design ; lightweight structure ; computer fluid dynamics ; design for additive manufacturing ; autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) ; collision avoidance planning ; deep reinforcement learning (DRL) ; double-DQN (D-DQN) ; computational model ; oscillating water column ; wave energy converter ; turbulent flows ; Savonius turbine ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The book is a collection of articles on the themes of contact mechanics and non-linear dynamics. In particular, the contribution focus on the mechanisms that lead to interfacial energy dissipation, which is a crucial quantity to determine in order to correctly predict the non-linear dynamic response of mechanical systems. The book is a collection of nine journal papers, among those one editorial, one review paper, and seven articles. The papers consider different dissipative mechanisms, such as Coulomb friction, interfacial adhesion, and viscoelasticity, and study how the system response and stability is influenced by the interfacial interactions. The review paper describes old and recent test rigs for friction and wear measurements, focusing on their performance and range of operability.
    Keywords: nonlinear dynamic response ; second harmonics ; experiments ; numerical modelling ; interface stiffness ; adhesion ; roughness ; adhesion enhancement ; JKR model ; Lennard–Jones ; friction testers ; tribometers ; viscoelastic materials ; rubber friction ; tyre ; elbow erosion ; turbulence flow ; gas-solid flow ; corrosion ; numerical simulation ; friction-induced vibrations ; mass-on-moving-belt ; dynamic vibration absorber ; tuned mass damper ; passive vibrations mitigation ; nonlinear dynamics ; basin of attraction ; self-excitation ; bi-stability ; multi-stability ; viscoelasticity ; contact mechanics ; finite element method ; adhesion hysteresis ; rough surfaces ; JKR theory ; friction ; dissipation ; contact nonlinearities ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: In the first contribution, Morbiducci and co-workers discuss the theoretical and methodological bases supporting the Lagrangian- and Euler-based methods, highlighting their application to cardiovascular flows. The second contribution, by the Ansón and van Lenthe groups, proposes an automated virtual bench test for evaluating the stability of custom shoulder implants without the necessity of mechanical testing. Urdeitx and Doweidar, in the third paper, also adopt the finite element method for developing a computational model aim to study cardiac cell behavior under mechano-electric stimulation. In the fourth contribution, Ayensa-Jiménez et al. develop a methodology to approximate the multidimensional probability density function of the parametric analysis obtained developing a mathematical model of the cancer evolution. The fifth paper is oriented to the topological data analysis; the group of Cueto and Chinesta designs a predictive model capable of estimating the state of drivers using the data collected from motion sensors. In the sixth contribution, the Ohayon and Finet group uses wall shear stress-derived descriptors to study the role of recirculation in the arterial restenosis due to different malapposed and overlapping stent conditions. In the seventh contribution, the research group of Antón demonstrates that the simulation time can be reduced for cardiovascular numerical analysis considering an adequate geometry-reduction strategy applicable to truncated patient specific artery. In the eighth paper, Grasa and Calvo present a numerical model based on the finite element method for simulating extraocular muscle dynamics. The ninth paper, authored by Kahla et al., presents a mathematical mechano-pharmaco-biological model for bone remodeling. Martínez, Peña, and co-workers propose in the tenth paper a methodology to calibrate the dissection properties of aorta layer, with the aim of providing useful information for reliable numerical tools. In the eleventh contribution, Martínez-Bocanegra et al. present the structural behavior of a foot model using a detailed finite element model. The twelfth contribution is centered on the methodology to perform a finite, element-based, numerical model of a hydroxyapatite 3D printed bone scaffold. In the thirteenth paper, Talygin and Gorodkov present analytical expressions describing swirling jets for cardiovascular applications. In the fourteenth contribution, Schenkel and Halliday propose a novel non-Newtonian particle transport model for red blood cells. Finally, Zurita et al. propose a parametric numerical tool for analyzing a silicone customized 3D printable trachea-bronchial prosthesis.
    Keywords: finite element analysis ; shoulder implant stability ; implant design ; reverse shoulder arthroplasty ; micromotion ; in-silico ; 3D model ; cardiac cell ; cardiac muscle tissue ; cardiomyocyte ; electrical stimulation ; copulas ; design of experiments ; glioblastoma multiforme ; mathematical modelling ; Morse theory ; topological data analysis ; machine learning ; time series ; smart driving ; fixed points ; manifolds ; divergence ; hemodynamics ; computational fluid dynamics ; overlap ; malapposition ; stent ; stenosis ; thrombosis ; radioembolization ; liver cancer ; hepatic artery ; computational cost analysis ; personalized medicine ; patient specific ; finite element method ; implicit FEM ; explicit FEM ; skeletal muscle ; biomechanics ; mathematical model ; cell dynamics ; bone physiology ; bone disorders ; aortic dissection ; delamination tests ; cohesive zone model ; porcine aorta ; vascular mechanics ; foot finite element method ; foot and ankle model ; shared nodes ; separated mesh ; plantar pressure ; finite element modelling ; bone tissue engineering ; 3D scaffold ; additive manufacturing ; potential swirling flow ; Navier–Stokes equations ; unsteady swirling flow ; tornado-like jets ; haemorheology ; blood flow modelling ; particle transport ; numerical fluid mechanics ; tracheobronchial stent ; parametric model ; 3D printing ; customized prosthesis ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Asymmetry is an inherent characteristic of brain organization in both humans and other vertebrate species, and is evident at the behavioral, neurophysiological, and structural levels. Brain asymmetry underlies the organization of several cognitive systems, such as emotion, communication, and spatial processing. Despite this ubiquity of asymmetries in the vertebrate brain, we are only beginning to understand the complex neuronal mechanisms underlying the interaction between hemispheric asymmetries and cognitive systems. Unfortunately, despite the vast number of empirical studies on brain asymmetries, theoretical models that aim to provide mechanistic explanations of hemispheric asymmetries are sparse in the field. Therefore, this Special Issue aims to highlight empirically based mechanistic models of brain asymmetry. Overall, six theoretical and four empirical articles were published in the Special Issue, covering a wide range of topics, from human handedness to auditory laterality in bats. Two key challenges for theoretical models of brain asymmetry are the integration of increasingly complex molecular data into testable models, and the creation of theoretical models that are robust and testable across different species.
    Keywords: Silbo Gomero ; whistle language ; cerebral lateralization ; brain asymmetry ; dichotic listening task ; situs inversus ; heterotaxy ; visceral asymmetry ; vertebrate asymmetry ; human laterality ; left-right differentiation ; brain torque ; ciliopathy ; parrots ; footedness ; brain mass ; body mass ; nidopallium ; optic tectum ; optic tecta ; Wulst ; lateral asymmetry ; finite element method ; electrical field potential ; dipole moment ; power ; EEG ; bilateria ; cerebral asymmetry ; handedness ; language ; molecular asymmetry ; situs ; primary auditory cortex (A1) ; Doppler-shifted constant frequency (DSCF) ; mustached bat ; sex differences ; amplitude ; spectral ; temporal ; hemispheric specialization ; social communication ; frequency modulation (FM) ; neurodevelopment ; GWAS ; heritability ; quantitative trait ; polygenic scores ; avian brain ; brain asymmetries ; hemispheric lateralization ; ontogeny ; epigenetic ; neuronal plasticity ; visual system ; cerebral polymorphisms ; cerebral dominance ; DC model ; genetics ; polygenic model ; bilateral language ; functional modules ; language evolution ; lateralization ; MRI ; baboon ; development ; language areas ; neuroscience ; brain ; asymmetry ; laterality ; functional hemispheric asymmetries ; structural hemispheric asymmetries ; theoretical models ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue (SI) collects fourteen articles published by leading scholars of numerical modeling in civil and mining geotechnical engineering. There is a good balance in the number of published articles, with seven in civil engineering and seven in mining engineering. The software used in the numerical modeling of these article varies from numerical codes based on continuum mechanics to those based on distinct element methods or mesh-free methods. The studied materials vary from rock, soil, and backfill to tailings. The investigations vary from mechanical behavior to hydraulic and thermal responses of infrastructures varying from pile foundations to tailings dams and underground openings. The SI thus collected a diversity of articles, reflecting the state-of-the-art of numerical modeling applied in civil and mining geotechnical engineering.
    Keywords: near-surface thick deposit ; surface subsidence ; numerical simulation ; unmanned aerial survey ; accurate model ; railway ballast fouling ; ballast degradation ; micro-mechanical parameters ; shear strength ; large diameter bored pile ; hyperparameters ; supervised machine learning ; finite element method ; parametric study ; load transfer ; failure mechanism ; geothermal heat exchangers ; permafrost ; thaw settlement ; sustainability ; embedded beam elements ; finite element ; mesh sensitivity ; soil-structure interaction ; deep foundation ; 3D modelling ; fluid fine tailings ; dewatering ; modelling ; seasonal weathering ; freeze–thaw ; evaporation ; mining backfill ; compressibility ; constitutive models ; numerical modeling ; plasticity ; critical state soil model ; modified Cam Clay model ; model normalization ; precomputation ; incompatibility ; rock ; plastic deformation ; goaf-side entry ; stability of surrounding rock ; pillar size optimization ; confined water ; paste filling mining ; filling step ; advancing distance ; floor failure ; tailings dam ; impacting force ; kinetic energy ; smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) ; 3D nonlinear yield criterion ; elastoplastic model ; circular opening ; backfill ; FLAC3D ; pore water pressure ; hydraulic conductivity ; alternative method ; numerical analyses ; unsaturated soil ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book derives from the Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2019 (SIMES-2019) that has been launched as a joint issue of the journals Materials and Applied Sciences. The 29 contributions published in this Special Issue of Materials present cutting-edge advances in the field of manufacturing engineering focusing on additive manufacturing and 3D printing; advances and innovations in manufacturing processes; sustainable and green manufacturing; manufacturing of new materials; metrology and quality in manufacturing; industry 4.0; design, modeling, and simulation in manufacturing engineering; and manufacturing engineering and society. Among them, the topic "Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing" has attracted a large number of contributions in this journal due to its widespread popularity and potential.
    Keywords: Bayesian inference ; control chart ; dynamic methodology ; hidden Markov chain ; occupational accident ; risk assessment ; risk control ; risk management ; Fused Deposition Modeling ; roughness ; Polylactic Acid ; print orientation angle ; build angle ; titanium alloys ; sustainable lubrication ; cryogenic lubrication ; MQL ; OD grinding ; CBN ; dressing ; rotary dresser ; wear ; CVD diamond ; additive manufacturing ; 3D printing ; fused filament fabrication ; flexural properties ; fatigue ; PLA ; cements ; ballast waste ; cornubianite ; mechanical properties ; Spain ; joining ; forming ; sheet–tube connections ; experimentation ; modelling and simulation ; quality enhancement ; process parameters ; design optimization ; calibration artifact ; kinematic support ; dimensional metrology ; machine tool ; length measurement ; rapid prototyping ; efficiency ; printing time ; experimental model ; prepeg ; carbon fiber ; Raman spectroscopy ; AWJM ; waterjet ; CFRP ; kerf taper ; surface quality ; metal forming ; bi-metallic ; cylinders ; compression ; finite elements ; microscopy ; cold expansion ; mandrel ; cold-forming ; swaging ; shipbuilding ; LARG paradigm ; supply chain ; coordinate metrology ; confocal microscopy ; measurement ; calibration ; traceability ; uncertainty ; quality assessment ; digital image correlation ; indentation process ; incremental forming ; finite element method ; material flow ; AWJM (Abrasive waterjet machining) ; CFRTP (Carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics) ; RSM (response surface methodology) ; ANOVA (Analysis of variance) ; C/TPU (carbon/polyurethane) ; image processing ; position control ; accuracy ; micromachines ; position compensation ; inverse conical perspective ; micromanufacturing ; manufacturing systems ; mechatronics ; FDM ; bimodulus materials ; standards ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; ABS ; anisotropy ; infill density ; layer orientation ; ASTM D638–14:2014 ; ISO 527–2:2012 ; grounding electrodes in two-layered soils ; step and touch potentials ; step potentials upper bound ; orthoses ; prostheses ; fused deposition modeling ; laminated object manufacturing ; selective laser sintering ; laser tracker ; Monte Carlo method ; verification ; green manufacturing ; sustainability metrics ; cleaner product life cycle ; material removal processes ; hybrid components ; light alloys ; magnesium ; aluminum ; drilling ; dry machining ; cold compressed air ; lubrication and cooling systems ; arithmetical mean roughness ; Ra ; average maximum height ; Rz ; repair and maintenance operations ; fused deposition modelling ; composites ; polymer injection moulding ; polyamide ; metal matrix composite ; Al-SiC ; microstructure ; machining ; cooling compressed air ; thrust force ; energy ; material removed rate ; PEEK-GF30 ; multi-response optimization ; sustainable manufacturing ; metrology ; industry 4.0 ; modeling and simulation ; quality in manufacturing ; technological and industrial heritage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: By the late 1940s, and since then, the continuous development of dislocation theories have provided the basis for correlating the macroscopic time-dependent deformation of metals and alloys—known as creep—to the time-dependent processes taking place within the metals and alloys. High-temperature deformation and stress relaxation effects have also been explained and modeled on similar bases. The knowledge of high-temperature deformation as well as its modeling in conventional or unconventional situations is becoming clearer year by year, with new contemporary and better performing high-temperature materials being constantly produced and investigated.This book includes recent contributions covering relevant topics and materials in the field in an innovative way. In the first section, contributions are related to the general description of creep deformation, damage, and ductility, while in the second section, innovative testing techniques of creep deformation are presented. The third section deals with creep in the presence of complex loading/temperature changes and environmental effects, while the last section focuses on material microstructure–creep correlations for specific material classes. The quality and potential of specific materials and microstructures, testing conditions, and modeling as addressed by specific contributions will surely inspire scientists and technicians in their own innovative approaches and studies on creep and high-temperature deformation.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TN1-997 ; Larson–Miller parameter ; n/a ; visualization ; bond coat ; hydrogen ; poly-crystal ; Gibbs free energy principle ; constitutive equations ; creep damage ; DFT ; finite element method ; austenitic stainless steel ; strain rate sensitivity ; MCrAlY ; excess volume ; superalloy ; scanning electron microscopy ; creep buckling ; dislocation dynamics ; creep ; elevated temperature ; modelling ; size effect ; residual stress ; superalloy VAT 32 ; water vapor ; activation energy ; small angle neutron scattering ; superalloy VAT 36 ; metallic glass ; iron aluminides ; Gr.91 ; internal stress ; relaxation fatigue ; multiaxiality ; creep grain boundary ; grain boundary cavitation ; cavitation ; solute atom ; stress exponent ; external pressure ; P92 ; TMA ; low cycle fatigue ; nanoindentation ; high temperature ; FEM ; intrinsic ductility ; normalizing ; creep ductility ; creep rupture mechanism ; microstructural features ; simulate HAZ ; P92 steel ; glide ; ferritic–martensitic steel ; creep rupture ; cyclic softening ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Laser welding is a high-energy process used in a wide range of advanced materials to obtain micro- to macro-sized joints in both similar and dissimilar combinations. Moreover, this technique is widely used in several industries, such as automotive, aerospace, and medical industries, as well as in electrical devices. Although laser welding has been used for several decades, significant and exciting innovations often arise from both the process and/or advanced materials side.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; tensile strength ; microstructure ; aided electric current ; stainless steel ; accuracy ; porosity control ; laser offset welding ; T-joint ; BTi-6431S ; dissimilar metal ; finite element method ; weld pool behavior ; dissimilar welding ; WPP ; laser welds ; HLAW ; fiber laser ; steel S700MC ; conduction regime ; liquid metal ; buy-to-fly ; EBSD phase mapping ; mass transfer ; mechanical properties ; hardness ; MAG ; phase transformation ; prediction ; LKW ; Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr ; laser beam ; laser welding-brazing ; DP1000 steel ; Ti–6Al–4V ; titanium ; low alloyed steel ; H-shaped fusion zone ; pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam welding ; spatter ; high-speed imaging ; weld morphology ; high temperature titanium alloy ; Al/steel joints ; hybrid welding ; dissimilar material ; laser beam welding ; intermetallic layer ; WW ; L-joint ; penetration ; laser stake welding ; laser keyhole welding ; trip steel ; finite element analysis ; laser welding ; magnesium alloy thin sheet ; keyhole ; tensile properties ; dissimilar joining ; IMC layers ; SKM ; fiber laser welding ; aluminium ; dual phase steel ; aluminum alloy T-joint ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Remote image capture systems are a key element in efficient and sustainable agriculture nowadays. They are increasingly being used to obtain information of interest from the crops, the soil and the environment. It includes different types of capturing devices: from satellites and drones, to in-field devices; different types of spectral information, from visible RGB images, to multispectral images; different types of applications; and different types of techniques in the areas of image processing, computer vision, pattern recognition and machine learning. This book covers all these aspects, through a series of chapters that describe specific recent applications of these techniques in interesting problems of agricultural engineering.
    Keywords: SVM ; budding rate ; UAV ; geometric consistency ; radiometric consistency ; point clouds ; ICP ; reflectance maps ; vegetation indices ; Parrot Sequoia ; artificial intelligence ; precision agriculture ; agricultural robot ; optimization algorithm ; online operation ; segmentation ; coffee leaf rust ; machine learning ; deep learning ; remote sensing ; Fourth Industrial Revolution ; Agriculture 4.0 ; failure strain ; sandstone ; digital image correlation ; Hill–Tsai failure criterion ; finite element method ; reference evapotranspiration ; moisture sensors ; machine learning regression ; frequency-domain reflectometry ; randomizable filtered classifier ; convolutional neural network ; U-Net ; land use ; banana plantation ; Panama TR4 ; aerial photography ; remote images ; systematic mapping study ; agriculture ; applications ; total leaf area ; mixed pixels ; Cabernet Sauvignon ; NDVI ; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ; precision viticulture ; 3D model ; spatial vision ; fertirrigation ; teaching–learning ; spectrometry ; Sentinel-2 ; pasture quality index ; normalized difference vegetation index ; normalized difference water index ; supplementation ; decision making ; digital agriculture ; grape yield estimate ; berries counting ; Dilated CNN ; machine learning algorithms ; classification performance ; winter wheat mapping ; large-scale ; water stress ; Prunus avium L. ; stem water potential ; low-cost thermography ; thermal indexes ; canopy temperature ; non-water-stressed baselines ; non-transpiration baseline ; soil moisture ; andosols ; image processing ; greenhouse ; automatic tomato harvesting ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The book deals with novel aspects and perspectives in functionally graded materials (FGMs), which are advanced engineering materials designed for a specific performance or function with spatial gradation in structure and/or composition. The contributions mainly focus on numerical simulations of mechanical properties and the behavior of FGMs and FGM structures. Several advancements in numerical simulations that are particularly useful for investigations on FGMs have been proposed and demonstrated in this Special Issue. Such proposed approaches provide incisive methods to explore and predict the mechanical and structural characteristics of FGMs subjected to thermoelectromechanical loadings under various boundary and environmental conditions. The contributions have resulted in enhanced activity regarding the prediction of FGM properties and global structural responses, which are of great importance when considering the potential applications of FGM structures. Furthermore, the presented scientific scope is, in some way, an answer to the continuous demand for FGM structures, and opens new perspectives for their practical use.
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; Q1-390 ; power-law distribution ; evanescent wave ; flow theory of plasticity ; free vibration characteristics ; neural networks ; geometrically nonlinear analysis ; finite element method ; stress concentration factor ; inhomogeneous composite materials ; circular plate ; porous materials ; minimum module approximation method ; ANFIS ; electroelastic solution ; functionally graded piezoelectric materials ; Love wave ; polynomial approach ; stepped FG paraboloidal shell ; material design ; damping coefficient ; spring stiffness technique ; Lamb wave ; pure bending ; general edge conditions ; residual stress ; graded finite elements ; large strain ; non-linear buckling analysis ; orthogonal stiffener ; combined mechanical loads ; functionally graded piezoelectric-piezomagnetic material ; functionally graded beams ; attenuation ; failure and damage ; analytical solution ; functionally graded materials ; elastoplastic analysis ; elastic foundation ; hollow disc ; different moduli in tension and compression ; external pressure ; functional graded saturated material ; bimodulus ; fuzzy logic ; truncated conical sandwich shell ; quadratic solid–shell elements ; functionally graded viscoelastic material ; finite element analysis ; residual strain ; neutral layer ; elliptical hole ; thin structures ; functionally graded plate ; inhomogeneity ; clustering ; metal foam core layer ; robotics and contact wear ; dispersion ; high order shear deformation theory ; finite elements ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This book provides an overview of the design and physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles developed for biomedical applications such as targeting and detection of pathologies, nanovectorization of drugs, radiosensitization, metal detection, and nanocomposite implants. The considerations necessary when developing a new nanomedicine are also developed, including toxicological investigation, biodistribution, and efficacy. This book provides an accurate and current representation of the field by addressing the promises and hurdles of nanomedicine via 20 different pertinent studies. Covering a wide range of areas, this book is an excellent partner for physico-chemists, doctors, pharmacologists, and biochemists working on nanosciences dedicated to medicine, both in industry and in academia.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; alginate ; chitosan ; gold nanoparticles ; biochemical mechanism ; cancer imaging ; lignin ; thioredoxin reductase ; antimiR ; nanoparticles ; surface enhanced Raman scattering ; biomedical applications ; protein ; multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms ; nano-bio interaction ; curcumin ; autophagy ; MIC ; nanoparticle ; biocompatible ; gene delivery ; self-assembly ; glioblastoma ; dual functional imaging nanoprobe ; SERS ; antibiotics ; biogenic nanoparticles ; Hg2+ ions detection ; antimicrobial ; histamine ; layer-by-layer ; dihydroartemisinin ; computational electromagnetism ; photolysis ; Ag-film ; chitosan nanoparticles ; UiO-66 ; plasma liquid Interactions ; anticancer ; MBC ; nanophotonics ; targeted nanoparticles ; near-infrared ; hybrid Fe-Si nanoparticles ; FTIR ; thermoplastic polymer ; synergism ; prognosis ; medical devices ; silver nanoparticles ; glioma ; plasma ; iron oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticles ; oxidative stress ; mycosynthesis ; membrane integrity ; drug delivery ; nanocomposites ; finite element method ; cell labeling ; in vivo application ; non-thermal plasma ; nanocellulose ; biocompatibility ; liposomes ; nanocarriers ; upconversion nanoparticles ; Candida glabrata ; nanomaterials ; middle ear prosthesis ; short-wave infrared ; cytoreduction surgery ; fibril ; nanostars ; fluorescent nanoparticle ; density functional theory calculations ; cross-link ; mitoxantrone ; heat ; SERS sensor ; Caco2 cells ; apoptosis ; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) ; MFC ; magnetic nanoparticles ; antibiotic resistance ; laser pyrolysis ; cytotoxicity ; core-shell nanoparticles ; enzyme ; extracellular ; nanomaterial synthesis ; cancer cell targeting ; nanodiamond ; breast cancer ; metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) ; PEG ; radiation ; trans-resveratrol derivative ; radiosensitization ; cancer ; surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) ; TEM ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Engineering mathematics is a branch of applied mathematics where mathematical methods and techniques are implemented for solving problems related to the engineering and industry. It also represents a multidisciplinary approach where theoretical and practical aspects are deeply merged with the aim at obtaining optimized solutions. In line with that, the present Special Issue, 'Engineering Mathematics in Ship Design', is focused, in particular, with the use of this sort of engineering science in the design of ships and vessels. Articles are welcome when applied science or computation science in ship design represent the core of the discussion.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; Lead-Zirconium-Titanium (PZT) ; n/a ; H.O.M.E.R. nozzle ; finite element ; low-speed Diesel engine ; piezoelectric sensor ; AHP method ; environmental management system ; SPH ; state-of-the-art ; marine transport ; single-stepped planing hulls ; optimisation ; finite element method ; computational fluid dynamic ; slamming ; FSI ; roll motion ; harmonic excitation ; external forces ; towing tank tests ; modelling ; roll damping ; ISO 9126 ; selection ; stiffened plate ; numerical model ; damaged sensor ; CFD ; symmetric 2D + T theory ; hydroelasticity ; ISO 14001 ; water entry ; plate ; constitutive model ; turbulence model ; SHIPMOVE ; impact traction ; fixed pitch propeller ; stiffeners ; numerical simulation ; cavitation ; controllable pitch propeller ; ISO 14598 ; MMG Model ; hydrodynamic forces ; balanced scorecard ; finite volume method ; deflection ; constructal design ; fluid-structure interaction ; MCDM method ; marine industry ; ship design ; fracture mechanics ; coanda effect ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Bone tissue engineering aims to develop artificial bone substitutes that partially or totally restore the natural regeneration capability of bone tissue lost under circumstances of injury, significant defects, or diseases such as osteoporosis. In this context, biomaterials are the keystone of the methodology. Biomaterials for bone tissue engineering have evolved from biocompatible materials that mimic the physical and chemical environment of bone tissue to a new generation of materials that actively interacts with the physiological environment, accelerating bone tissue growth. Mathematical modelling and simulation are important tools in the overall methodology. This book presents an overview of the current investigations and recent contributions in the field of bone tissue engineering. It includes several successful examples of multidisciplinary collaboration in this transversal area of research. The book is intended for students, researchers, and professionals of a number of disciplines, such as engineering, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biomedicine, biology, and veterinary. The book is composed of an editorial section and 16 original research papers authored by leading researchers of this discipline from different laboratories across the world
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; bone morphogenesis proteins ; n/a ; finite element ; bone tissue engineering ; electrically active implants ; prediction marker ; vertebra ; direct current electric field ; loose sintering ; Lattice Boltzmann method ; Pelvis ; automatic segmentation ; MSCs ; additive manufacturing ; finite element method ; bioelectromagnetism ; optimization ; scaffold design ; cone beam computed tomography ; computational modelling ; bone regeneration ; oxygen delivery ; biomaterials ; bone tissue ; spark plasma sintering ; critical size defect ; musculoskeletal modelling ; resonance frequency analysis ; minipig ; numerical methods in bioengineering ; computational fluid dynamics ; maxillofacial ; osteoporosis ; sliding window ; osseointegration ; mass transfer ; substrate-mediated electrical stimulation ; Fixation design ; dental implants ; human dental pulp stem cells ; numerical results ; elastoplasticity ; bone tissue regeneration ; finite-element simulation ; 3D-printed implant ; selective laser melting ; Lagrangian scalar tracking ; cortical bone ; micromechanics ; trabeculae ; finite element modelling ; damage ; titanium ; powder metallurgy ; pelvis ; biomechanics ; computational mechanobiology ; culturing protocol ; bone adaptation ; stem cell ; Bone tumor ; trabecular bone score ; Xenografts ; triply periodic minimal surfaces ; computed tomography ; multiscale analysis ; cartilage ; digital image correlation ; osteo-differentiation ; wollastonite ; transport ; finite element analysis ; bone marrow ; fracture risk ; von Mises stress ; electric stimulation ; mechanical behaviour ; adipogenesis ; biomaterial applications ; computational mechanics ; Ti6Al4V scaffolds ; finite elements ; Otsu’s method ; 3D virtual surgical plan ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Wie werden Natur und Tiere durch die Multispezies-Ethnographie inklusiv in Forschungsprojekte integriert? Katharina Ameli fokussiert die inter- und multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit. Aus einer Untersuchung der Schnittstellen zwischen gesellschafts- und naturwissenschaftlich orientierten Fachdisziplinen ergibt sich eine komplexe Betrachtung von Natur, Mensch und Tier. Die Einblicke in Interdependenzen unterschiedlicher Fachdisziplinen verdeutlichen den Bedarf an einer Multispezies-Ethnographie zur Analyse von MenschenTiereNaturenKulturen.
    Keywords: Natur ; Mensch ; Tiere ; Naturverständnis ; Interdisziplinarität ; Qualitative Forschung ; Kultur ; Ethnographie ; Umwelt ; Tier ; Human-animal Studies ; Umweltsoziologie ; Kulturanthropologie ; Kultursoziologie ; Kulturwissenschaft ; Nature ; Human ; Animals ; Understanding of Nature ; Interdisciplinarity ; Qualitative Research ; Culture ; Ethnography ; Environment ; Animal ; Environmental Sociology ; Cultural Anthropology ; Sociology of Culture ; Cultural Studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFU Animals and society ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNT Social impact of environmental issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Language: German
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The fluid flow in fracture porous media plays a significant role in the assessment of deep underground reservoirs, such as through CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy development. Many methods have been employed—from laboratory experimentation to theoretical analysis and numerical simulations—and allowed for many useful conclusions. This Special Issue aims to report on the current advances related to this topic. This collection of 58 papers represents a wide variety of topics, including on granite permeability investigation, grouting, coal mining, roadway, and concrete, to name but a few. We sincerely hope that the papers published in this Special Issue will be an invaluable resource for our readers.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; deformation feature ; minerals ; microstructure ; mixing ; permeability ; gas concentration ; water–rock interaction ; loose gangue backfill material ; unified pipe-network method ; fracture ; roof-cutting resistance ; crack ; similar-material ; movable fluid ; gob-side entry retaining (GER) ; rock-soil mechanics ; bed separation ; orthogonal tests ; charge separation ; water soaked height ; fluid flow in reclaimed soil ; laboratory experiment ; longwall mining ; grading broken gangue ; MIP ; elastic modulus ; effective stress ; permeability coefficient ; mixer ; naturally fracture ; SEM ; microstructure characteristics ; artificial joint rock ; fractured rock ; strata movement ; conservative solute ; particle velocity ; dry-wet cycles ; hydraulic fractures ; numerical calculation ; mechanical behaviors ; normalized conductivity-influence function ; fractured porous rock mass ; PPCZ ; segmented grouting ; non-aqueous phase liquid ; intelligent torque rheometer ; numerical analysis ; temperature ; unsaturated soil ; uniaxial compressive strength ; mine shaft ; coalbed methane (CBM) ; nonlinear flow in fractured porous media ; similar simulation ; forecasting ; tight sandstones ; oriented perforation ; hydro-mechanical coupling ; constant normal stiffness conditions ; cohesive soils ; layered progressive grouting ; chemical grouts ; grain size of sand ; Darcy’s law ; soft coal masses ; hydro-power ; cyclic heating and cooling ; cohesive element method ; cement-based paste discharge ; tectonically deformed coal ; split grouting ; fault water inrush ; filtration effects ; T-stress ; particle flow modeling ; new cementitious material ; strength ; stabilization ; fractured porous medium ; brine concentration ; initial water contained in sand ; XRD ; fracture criteria ; hydraulic conductivity ; roadway deformation ; backfill mining ; adsorption/desorption properties ; pore pressure ; roughness ; cement–silicate grout ; compressive stress ; discrete element method ; dynamic characteristics ; strain-based percolation model ; thermal-hydrological-chemical interactions ; pore distribution characteristics ; transversely isotropic rocks ; nitric acid modification ; disaster-causing mechanism ; CH4 seepage ; crack distribution characteristics ; micro-CT ; relief excavation ; Darcy flow ; hydraulic fracturing ; mixed-form formulation ; propagation ; scanning electron microscope (SEM) images ; propagation pattern ; consolidation process ; rheological deformation ; gas adsorption ; soft filling medium ; ground pressure ; orthogonal ratio test ; rock fracture ; coal seams ; high-steep slope ; interface ; orthogonal test ; stress interference ; physical and mechanical parameters ; fracture propagation ; fluid–solid coupling theory ; coupling model ; surface characteristics ; numerical manifold method ; gas ; lignite ; water inrush prevention ; coupled THM model ; hard and thick magmatic rocks ; Ordos Basin ; porosity ; damage mechanics ; seepage ; degradation mechanism ; high temperature ; visualization system ; bentonite-sand mixtures ; contamination ; conductivity-influence function ; water-rock interaction ; deterioration ; seepage pressure ; glutenite ; adhesion efficiency ; mechanical behavior transition ; bedding plane orientation ; n/a ; enhanced gas recovery ; debris-resisting barriers ; reinforcement mechanism ; on-site monitoring ; geophysical prospecting ; cyclic wetting-drying ; scoops3D ; semi-analytical solution ; enhanced permeability ; management period ; seepage control ; deformation ; Yellow River Embankment ; impeded drainage boundary ; rheological test ; circular closed reservoir ; grout penetration ; viscoelastic fluid ; coal-like material ; paste-like slurry ; floor failure depth ; supercritical CO2 ; gravel ; numerical model ; fractal ; gas-bearing coal ; shear-flow coupled test ; rheological limit strain ; CO2 flooding ; flotation ; goaf ; slope stability ; damage ; coal and gas outburst ; hydraulic fracture ; anisotropy ; high-order ; effluents ; FLAC ; limestone roof ; sandstone ; TG/DTG ; Xinjiang ; two-phase flow ; model experiment ; coal particle ; volumetric strain ; failure mode ; land reclamation ; sandstone and mudstone particles ; contiguous seams ; CO2 geological storage ; numerical simulation ; geogrid ; stress relief ; optimum proportioning ; roadside backfill body (RBB) ; pervious concrete ; mudstone ; hydraulic fracture network ; grouted sand ; fractal pore characteristics ; refraction law ; segmented rheological model ; ductile failure ; heterogeneity ; flow law ; fracture closure ; coal measures sandstone ; tight sandstone gas reservoirs ; gob behaviors ; water-dripping roadway ; creep characteristics ; internal erosion ; warning levels of fault water inrush ; hydraulic aperture ; bolt support ; discontinuous natural fracture ; microscopic morphology ; critical hydraulic gradient ; mixed mode fracture resistance ; differential settlement ; alternate strata ; finite element method ; crushing ratio ; chloride ; glauberite cavern for storing oil &amp ; macroscopic mechanical behaviors ; collision angle ; adsorption performance ; failure mechanism ; mechanical properties ; transmissivity ; damage evolution ; gas fracturing ; multitude parameters ; deviatoric stress ; Jiaohe ; coal ; soil properties ; acoustic emission ; pore structure ; grouting experiment ; concrete ; confining pressures ; green mining ; gas drainage ; fluid viscosity ; compression deformation ; Unsaturation ; adsorption–desorption ; seepage-creep ; constitutive model ; soil particle size ; Pseudo Steady-State (PPS) constant ; soil–structure interface ; debris flow ; fracture grouting ; initial settlement position ; regression equation ; electrical potential ; secondary fracture ; surrounding rock ; solid backfill coal mining ; time variation ; excess pore-pressures ; finite-conductivity fracture ; permeability characteristics ; rainfall-unstable soil coupling mechanism(R-USCM) ; shaft lining ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The fluid flow in fracture porous media plays a significant role in the assessment of deep underground reservoirs, such as through CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy development. Many methods have been employed—from laboratory experimentation to theoretical analysis and numerical simulations—and allowed for many useful conclusions. This Special Issue aims to report on the current advances related to this topic. This collection of 58 papers represents a wide variety of topics, including on granite permeability investigation, grouting, coal mining, roadway, and concrete, to name but a few. We sincerely hope that the papers published in this Special Issue will be an invaluable resource for our readers.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; deformation feature ; minerals ; microstructure ; mixing ; permeability ; gas concentration ; water–rock interaction ; loose gangue backfill material ; unified pipe-network method ; fracture ; roof-cutting resistance ; crack ; similar-material ; movable fluid ; gob-side entry retaining (GER) ; rock-soil mechanics ; bed separation ; orthogonal tests ; charge separation ; water soaked height ; fluid flow in reclaimed soil ; laboratory experiment ; longwall mining ; grading broken gangue ; MIP ; elastic modulus ; effective stress ; permeability coefficient ; mixer ; naturally fracture ; SEM ; microstructure characteristics ; artificial joint rock ; fractured rock ; strata movement ; conservative solute ; particle velocity ; dry-wet cycles ; hydraulic fractures ; numerical calculation ; mechanical behaviors ; normalized conductivity-influence function ; fractured porous rock mass ; PPCZ ; segmented grouting ; non-aqueous phase liquid ; intelligent torque rheometer ; numerical analysis ; temperature ; unsaturated soil ; uniaxial compressive strength ; mine shaft ; coalbed methane (CBM) ; nonlinear flow in fractured porous media ; similar simulation ; forecasting ; tight sandstones ; oriented perforation ; hydro-mechanical coupling ; constant normal stiffness conditions ; cohesive soils ; layered progressive grouting ; chemical grouts ; grain size of sand ; Darcy’s law ; soft coal masses ; hydro-power ; cyclic heating and cooling ; cohesive element method ; cement-based paste discharge ; tectonically deformed coal ; split grouting ; fault water inrush ; filtration effects ; T-stress ; particle flow modeling ; new cementitious material ; strength ; stabilization ; fractured porous medium ; brine concentration ; initial water contained in sand ; XRD ; fracture criteria ; hydraulic conductivity ; roadway deformation ; backfill mining ; adsorption/desorption properties ; pore pressure ; roughness ; cement–silicate grout ; compressive stress ; discrete element method ; dynamic characteristics ; strain-based percolation model ; thermal-hydrological-chemical interactions ; pore distribution characteristics ; transversely isotropic rocks ; nitric acid modification ; disaster-causing mechanism ; CH4 seepage ; crack distribution characteristics ; micro-CT ; relief excavation ; Darcy flow ; hydraulic fracturing ; mixed-form formulation ; propagation ; scanning electron microscope (SEM) images ; propagation pattern ; consolidation process ; rheological deformation ; gas adsorption ; soft filling medium ; ground pressure ; orthogonal ratio test ; rock fracture ; coal seams ; high-steep slope ; interface ; orthogonal test ; stress interference ; physical and mechanical parameters ; fracture propagation ; fluid–solid coupling theory ; coupling model ; surface characteristics ; numerical manifold method ; gas ; lignite ; water inrush prevention ; coupled THM model ; hard and thick magmatic rocks ; Ordos Basin ; porosity ; damage mechanics ; seepage ; degradation mechanism ; high temperature ; visualization system ; bentonite-sand mixtures ; contamination ; conductivity-influence function ; water-rock interaction ; deterioration ; seepage pressure ; glutenite ; adhesion efficiency ; mechanical behavior transition ; bedding plane orientation ; n/a ; enhanced gas recovery ; debris-resisting barriers ; reinforcement mechanism ; on-site monitoring ; geophysical prospecting ; cyclic wetting-drying ; scoops3D ; semi-analytical solution ; enhanced permeability ; management period ; seepage control ; deformation ; Yellow River Embankment ; impeded drainage boundary ; rheological test ; circular closed reservoir ; grout penetration ; viscoelastic fluid ; coal-like material ; paste-like slurry ; floor failure depth ; supercritical CO2 ; gravel ; numerical model ; fractal ; gas-bearing coal ; shear-flow coupled test ; rheological limit strain ; CO2 flooding ; flotation ; goaf ; slope stability ; damage ; coal and gas outburst ; hydraulic fracture ; anisotropy ; high-order ; effluents ; FLAC ; limestone roof ; sandstone ; TG/DTG ; Xinjiang ; two-phase flow ; model experiment ; coal particle ; volumetric strain ; failure mode ; land reclamation ; sandstone and mudstone particles ; contiguous seams ; CO2 geological storage ; numerical simulation ; geogrid ; stress relief ; optimum proportioning ; roadside backfill body (RBB) ; pervious concrete ; mudstone ; hydraulic fracture network ; grouted sand ; fractal pore characteristics ; refraction law ; segmented rheological model ; ductile failure ; heterogeneity ; flow law ; fracture closure ; coal measures sandstone ; tight sandstone gas reservoirs ; gob behaviors ; water-dripping roadway ; creep characteristics ; internal erosion ; warning levels of fault water inrush ; hydraulic aperture ; bolt support ; discontinuous natural fracture ; microscopic morphology ; critical hydraulic gradient ; mixed mode fracture resistance ; differential settlement ; alternate strata ; finite element method ; crushing ratio ; chloride ; glauberite cavern for storing oil &amp ; macroscopic mechanical behaviors ; collision angle ; adsorption performance ; failure mechanism ; mechanical properties ; transmissivity ; damage evolution ; gas fracturing ; multitude parameters ; deviatoric stress ; Jiaohe ; coal ; soil properties ; acoustic emission ; pore structure ; grouting experiment ; concrete ; confining pressures ; green mining ; gas drainage ; fluid viscosity ; compression deformation ; Unsaturation ; adsorption–desorption ; seepage-creep ; constitutive model ; soil particle size ; Pseudo Steady-State (PPS) constant ; soil–structure interface ; debris flow ; fracture grouting ; initial settlement position ; regression equation ; electrical potential ; secondary fracture ; surrounding rock ; solid backfill coal mining ; time variation ; excess pore-pressures ; finite-conductivity fracture ; permeability characteristics ; rainfall-unstable soil coupling mechanism(R-USCM) ; shaft lining ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The problem of solving complex engineering problems has always been a major topic in all industrial fields, such as aerospace, civil and mechanical engineering. The use of numerical methods has increased exponentially in the last few years, due to modern computers in the field of structural mechanics. Moreover, a wide range of numerical methods have been presented in the literature for solving such problems. Structural mechanics problems are dealt with using partial differential systems of equations that might be solved by following the two main classes of methods: Domain-decomposition methods or the so-called finite element methods and mesh-free methods where no decomposition is carried out. Both methodologies discretize a partial differential system into a set of algebraic equations that can be easily solved by computer implementation. The aim of the present Special Issue is to present a collection of recent works on these themes and a comparison of the novel advancements of both worlds in structural mechanics applications.
    Keywords: direction field ; tensor line ; principal stress ; tailored fiber placement ; heat conduction ; finite elements ; space-time ; elastodynamics ; mesh adaptation ; non-circular deep tunnel ; complex variables ; conformal mapping ; elasticity ; numerical simulation ; numerical modeling ; joint static strength ; finite element method ; parametric investigation ; reinforced joint (collar and doubler plate) ; nonlocal elasticity theory ; Galerkin weighted residual FEM ; silicon carbide nanowire ; silver nanowire ; gold nanowire ; biostructure ; rostrum ; paddlefish ; Polyodon spathula ; maximum-flow/minimum-cut ; stress patterns ; finite element modelling ; laminated composite plates ; non-uniform mechanical properties ; panel method ; marine propeller ; noise ; FW-H equations ; experimental test ; continuation methods ; bifurcations ; limit points ; cohesive elements ; functionally graded materials ; porosity distributions ; first-order shear deformation theory ; shear correction factor ; higher-order shear deformation theory ; equivalent single-layer approach ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue Machining—Recent Advances, Applications and Challenges is intended as a humble collection of some of the hottest topics in machining. The manufacturing industry is a varying and challenging environment where new advances emerge from one day to another. In recent years, new manufacturing procedures have retained increasing attention from the industrial and scientific community. However, machining still remains the key operation to achieve high productivity and precision for high-added value parts. Continuous research is performed, and new ideas are constantly considered. This Special Issue summarizes selected high-quality papers which were submitted, peer-reviewed, and recommended by experts. It covers some (but not only) of the following topics: High performance operations for difficult-to-cut alloys, wrought and cast materials, light alloys, ceramics, etc.; Cutting tools, grades, substrates and coatings. Wear damage; Advanced cooling in machining: Minimum quantity of lubricant, dry or cryogenics; Modelling, focused on the reduction of risks, the process outcome, and to maintain surface integrity; Vibration problems in machines: Active and passive/predictive methods, sources, diagnosis and avoidance; Influence of machining in new concepts of machine–tool, and machine static and dynamic behaviors; Machinability of new composites, brittle and emerging materials; Assisted machining processes by high-pressure, laser, US, and others; Introduction of new analytics and decision making into machining programming. We wish to thank the reviewers and staff from Materials for their comments, advice, suggestions and invaluable support during the development of this Special Issue.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; in situ estimation ; modeling ; simulation ; variable pitch ; X-ray diffraction ; cutting edge preparation ; plastic zone ; flank milling ; surface roughness ; power consumption ; cutting tool ; fatigue ; additive manufacturing ; optimization ; trochoidal step ; surface topography ; sinusoidal grid ; milling ; desirability approach ; electrochemical discharge machining ; fast simulation ; Inconel 718 ; secondary adhesion wear ; machinability ; hybrid stacks drilling ; cooling rate ; shape memory alloy ; residual stress ; diameter variation ; turning ; computer vision ; workholding ; on-machine monitoring ; chip morphology ; dry-cutting ; turning machine tools ; SACE-drilled hole depth ; residual stresses ; cryogenic machining ; prime machining costs ; PVD Ti0.41Al0.59N/Ti0.55Al0.45N coating ; single point incremental sheet forming ; butt weld joint ; dish angle ; machining characteristic ; DSC test ; segmented diamond blade ; cutting tool wear ; ultra-precision machining ; ceramics ; shape memory effect ; current density ; fractal dimension ; crack growth rate ; drilling ; force–temperature correlation through analytical modeling ; finite element model ; analytic solution ; aluminium ; taguchi method ; multi-objective optimization ; real-time prediction ; Gamma-TiAl ; cutting temperature ; EN 31 steel ; superalloys ; material-removal rate ; glass machining ; corner radius ; thin-wall machining ; vibration ; GPU ; titanium aluminides ; minimum quantity lubrication ; machining temperatures at two deformation zones ; finite element method ; roughness ; slight materials ; high computational efficiency ; dynamic ; adhesive ; heat transfer analysis ; connections ; stability ; vibrations ; trochoidal milling ; magnesium alloys ; specific cutting energy ; laser-assisted machining ; artificial neutral network ; microscopic analysis ; Milling stability ; topography ; weight loss ; modal testing ; sustainable machining ; dry ; damping ; ductile machining ; Inconel® 718 ; modelling ; cutting edge microgeometry ; electropulsing ; PCD ; cutting geometry ; fixture ; artificial neural networks ; spark-assisted chemical engraving ; machining ; specific energy consumption ; heat transfer search algorithm ; material removal rate ; prediction ; CFRP/UNS A92024 ; tool wear ; titanium alloy ; multi-beam laser ; chip compression ratio ; design of experiments ; concrete ; ANN ; titanium ; chatter ; response surface methodology ; machine tool ; superelastic nitinol ; optimal machining conditions ; machine vision ; steel sheet ; cutting process ; fracture mechanism ; self-excitation ; tool insert condition ; induction assisted milling ; hole quality ; GA ; titanium alloys ; microlens array ; parameter identification ; Taguchi method ; weld reinforcement ; slow tool servo ; cutting parameters ; flank super abrasive machining (SAM) ; stiffness properties ; grey relational analysis ; deflection ; computer numerical control ; grain density ; surface grinding ; the cutting force components ; Huber–Mises stress ; WEDM ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Our world today is becoming increasingly complex, and technical devices are getting ever smaller and more powerful. The high density of electronic components together with high clock frequencies leads to unwanted side-effects like crosstalk, delayed signals and substrate noise, which are no longer negligible in chip design and can only insufficiently be represented by simple lumped circuit models. As a result, different physical phenomena have to be taken into consideration since they have an increasing influence on the signal propagation in integrated circuits. Computer-based simulation methods play thereby a key role. The modelling and analysis of complex multi-physics problems typically leads to coupled systems of partial differential equations and differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Dynamic iteration and model order reduction are two numerical tools for efficient and fast simulation of coupled systems. Formodelling of low frequency electromagnetic field, we use magneto-quasistatic (MQS) systems which can be considered as an approximation to Maxwells equations. A spatial discretization by using the finite element method leads to a DAE system. We analyze the structural and physical properties of this system and develop passivity-preserving model reduction methods. A special block structure of the MQS model is exploited to to improve the performance of the model reduction algorithms.
    Keywords: model order reduction ; dynamic iteration ; magneto-quasistatic systems ; differential algebraic equations ; finite element method ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBK Calculus and mathematical analysis::PBKS Numerical analysis
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In dealing with fracture and fatigue assessments of structural components, different approaches have been proposed in the literature. They are usually divided into three subgroups according to stress-based, strain-based, and energy-based criteria. Typical applications include both linear elastic and elastoplastic materials and plain and notched or cracked components under both static and fatigue loadings. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an update to the state-of-the-art on these approaches. The topics addressed in this Special Issue are applications from nano- to full-scale complex and real structures and recent advanced criteria for fracture and fatigue predictions under complex loading conditions, such as multiaxial constant and variable amplitude fatigue loadings.
    Keywords: fatigue life prediction ; dissipated energy ; thermo-graphic technique ; thermal evolution ; peridynamics ; composite ; ordinary state-based ; double cantilever composite beam (DCB) ; delamination ; control volume concept ; critical plane approach ; fatigue life assessment ; severely notched specimens ; strain energy density ; monitoring of fatigue crack ; damage index ; ultrasonic guided waves ; sensor network ; structural health monitoring ; thermal fatigue ; thermal barrier coat ; master–slave model ; life prediction ; nozzle guide vane ; microcracks ; multiple fatigue crack ; crack coalescence ; concrete beams ; damage evolution ; multiscale ; fatigue damage evolution ; ABAQUS subroutine ; 3D reconstruction ; MCT scanning ; fatigue life ; cleat filler ; broken coal seam ; wellbore stability ; analytical model ; affecting factors ; fatigue crack ; welded bogie frame ; wheel polygon ; rail corrugation ; running speed ; finite fracture mechanics ; nanoscale ; silicon ; brittle ; notch ; fracture ; nanodevice ; life assessment ; crack initiation ; crack propagation ; finite element method ; scroll compressor ; fatigue ; crack ; metal ; structure ; welded joint ; FEM ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This volume describes the nature, causes, and consequences of the diverse fluid movements that produce energy and mineral resources in sedimentary basins. The contained papers point to new capabilities in basin analysis methods and models. The processes that operate in the resource-producing thermo-chemical-structural reactors we call sedimentary basins are reviewed. Efficient ways to infer the tectonic history of basins are described. Impacts on hydrocarbon maturation and migration of glacial tilting, magmatic intrusion, salt migration, and fracturing are illustrated. The conditions under which subsurface flow will channel with distance traveled are identified. Seismic methods that can image and map subsurface permeability channels are described. The surface maturation, surface charge, and chemical reaction foundations of creep subsidence are set forth. Dynamic aspects of the hydrogen resource in basins are analyzed. There is much that is new that is presented in these papers with the intent of stimulating thinking and enthusiasm for the advances that will be made in future decades.
    Keywords: normal faulting ; sill intrusions ; transient thermal effects ; steady state ; basin modeling ; volcanic basins ; salt ; thermal modeling ; source rock maturation ; petroleum system ; salt structures ; modeling principles ; geohistory evolution ; temperature effects ; conductivity effects on maturation ; multiscale/multiphysics basin modeling ; thermo-hydro-mechanical model ; isostatic adjustment ; computer simulations ; finite element method ; basin modelling ; hydro-mechanical coupling ; passive margins ; rock failure ; Glaciations ; isostasy ; flexural stress ; faults ; hydrocarbon migration ; magmatic intrusions ; diagenesis ; stress ; porosity ; permeability ; stress modeling ; fracture seismic ; fracture connectivity ; fracture mapping ; passive seismic ; sedimentary basins ; fluid flow ; capillary seals ; chemical alteration ; resources ; chalk ; compaction ; water weakening ; rock—fluid interaction ; modelling ; crustal well-core poroperm ; crustal fluid flow ; crustal flow channeling ; critical state physics ; well-log spectral scaling ; crustal power law scaling ; lognormal ; pink noise ; crustal fracture seismics ; crustal fracture imaging ; hydrogen economy ; natural hydrogen vents ; Sao Francisco Basin ; pulsing gas emission ; atmospheric pressure tides ; native hydrogen ; H2 exploration ; gas seeps ; H2 venting ; radiolysis ; serpentinization ; draining faults ; intra-cratonic basin ; diurnal hydrogen gas venting ; earth tides ; crustal sills ; hydrocarbon and mineral resources ; direct inversion method of fault slip analysis ; paleo tectonic principal stress orientations ; west-central New Hampshire ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Plasmonics and metamaterials are growing fields that consistently produce new technologies for controlling electromagnetic waves. Many important advances in both fundamental knowledge and practical applications have been achieved in conjunction with a wide range of materials, structures and wavelengths, from the ultraviolet to the microwave regions of the spectrum. In addition to this remarkable progress across many different fields, much of this research shares many of the same underlying principles, and therefore, significant synergy is expected. This Special Issue introduces the recent advances in plasmonics and metamaterials and discusses various applications, while addressing a wide range of topics, in order to explore the new horizons emerging for such research.
    Keywords: plasmonics ; metamaterials ; metal-insulator-metal ; absorbers ; plasmon-induced transparency ; metal-dielectric-metal ; gain material ; tunable fano resonances ; surface plasmon polaritons ; coupled cavities ; finite element method ; spectroscopes ; metamaterial ; structural color filters ; photodiodes ; vortex beam ; polarization conversion ; orbital angular momentum ; tensegrity lattice ; extreme material ; metagratings ; polarization controller ; multifunction ; wide-angle ; dual mode ; cross-polarization converter ; transmitarray ; high polarization conversion ratio ; uncooled ; IR sensors ; wavelength-selective ; metasurfaces ; polarization control ; infrared sensors ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    TU Wien Academic Press | TU Wien Academic Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: To increase the efficiency of energy-intensive industrial processes, thermal energy storages can offer new possibilities. In recent years, especially latent heat thermal energy storages, exploiting the high energy density of phase change material (PCM), are becoming widely applied in industry. A novel approach is investigated in the project HyStEPs, funded by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) with grant number 868842. In this concept, containers filled with PCM are placed at the shell surface of a Ruths steam storage, to increase storage efficiency. In this work, a two-dimensional model using the finite element method is developed to simulate the PCM of the hybrid storage as designed in the HyStEPs project. The apparent heat capacity method is applied in a MATLAB implementation, considering heat transfer by both conduction and natural convection. This successfully validated code can handle any desired layout of materials arranged on a rectangular domain. Furthermore, a parameter study of different dimensions and orientations of the PCM cavity was conducted. The impact of natural convection was found to lead to significantly varying behaviour of the studied cavities with different orientation during the charging process, while it was found to be negligible during the discharging process.
    Keywords: latent heat storage ; hybrid storage ; finite element method ; phase change ; numerical modeling ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THN Heat transfer processes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHH Thermodynamics and heat ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: It is difficult to imagine a modern society without rotating electric machines. Their use has been increasing not only in the traditional fields of application but also in more contemporary fields, including renewable energy conversion systems, electric aircraft, aerospace, electric vehicles, unmanned propulsion systems, robotics, etc. This has contributed to advances in the materials, design methodologies, modeling tools, and manufacturing processes of current electric machines, which are characterized by high compactness, low weight, high power density, high torque density, and high reliability. On the other hand, the growing use of electric machines and drives in more critical applications has pushed forward the research in the area of condition monitoring and fault tolerance, leading to the development of more reliable diagnostic techniques and more fault-tolerant machines. This book presents and disseminates the most recent advances related to the theory, design, modeling, application, control, and condition monitoring of all types of rotating electric machines.
    Keywords: core saturation ; cross-coupling inductance ; wound synchronous machines (WSM) ; signal injection ; position sensorless ; high-frequency model ; hybrid permanent magnet ; interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine ; magnet-axis-shifted ; reluctance torque ; Sensorless ; induction motors ; H_infinity ; drives ; vector control ; experimental implementation ; direct torque control ; duty cycle control ; harmonic currents ; six-phase induction motor ; torque ripple ; interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) ; sensorless control ; adaptive algorithm ; super-twisting sliding mode observer (STO) ; phase-locked loop (PLL) ; permanent-magnet vernier machine ; in-wheel direct-drive ; outer rotor ; overhang ; soft magnetic composite ; reaction sphere ; spherical motor ; structural design ; torque density optimization ; support vector machines ; finite element method ; induction motor ; smart-sensor ; stray flux ; time-frequency transforms ; wavelet entropy ; harmonic modeling method ; magnetic-geared machine ; hybrid electric vehicle ; magnetic field ; electromagnetic performance ; analytical modeling ; brushless DC motor ; commutation torque ripple ; back electromotive force ; multiphase machines ; fault-tolerance ; dual-channel ; brushless direct current motor with permanent magnet (BLDCM) ; switched reluctance motor (SRM) ; active flux ; stator flux observation ; super-twisting sliding-mode stator flux observer (STSMFO) ; deep-bar effect ; mathematical model ; estimation ; motor drives ; direct torque control (DTC) ; permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) ; maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) operation ; DTC with space-vector modulation (DTC-SVM) ; AFPMSM ; analytical algorithm ; vibration noise ; temperature field analysis ; SynRM ; irreversible demagnetization ; PMa-SynRM ; flux intensifying ; deadbeat current control ; PMSM servo motor drives ; auto tuning ; parameter identification ; periodic controller ; surface permanent magnet synchronous motor ; fault-tolerant system ; multi-channel ; quad-channel operation (QCO) ; triple-channel operation (TCO) ; dual-channel operation (DCO) ; single-channel operation (SCO) ; permanent magnet brushless direct current motor ; BLDCM ; double Fourier analysis ; current spectrum decomposition ; eddy current loss ; permanent magnet machine design ; cogging torque ; permanent magnet machine ; uneven magnets ; IPMSM ; uncertainty and disturbance estimator ; flux-weakening control ; double-cage induction motor ; improvement of motor reliability ; cage winding constructions ; direct start-up ; coupled electromagnetic-thermal model ; outer rotor inductor ; electric vehicle ; high-efficiency ; eco-friendly ; automation ; finite element analysis ; PMSM ; DOE ; optimization ; metamodeling ; adaptive robust control ; energy feedback ; particle swarm optimization ; torque optimal distribution method ; multiphase electric drives ; six-phase machines ; finite control set model predictive control ; predictive current control ; predictive torque control ; high frequency square-wave voltage ; interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) ; magnetic polarity detection ; rotor position estimation ; characteristics analysis ; fault detection ; stator fault ; rotor fault ; torque estimation ; finite control set mode predictive control ; duty cycle ; maximum torque per ampere ; permanent magnet synchronous motor ; acoustics ; boundary element method ; electric machines ; magneto-mechanics ; modeling ; noise ; vibro-acoustics ; efficiency ; line-start synchronous reluctance motor ; permanent magnet ; power factor ; multiphase ; induction ; motor ; space harmonics ; time harmonics ; injection ; high-speed permanent synchronous motor ; magnetic field characteristic ; iron loss ; stator structure ; online parameters estimation ; permanent magnet synchronous machines ; synchronous reluctance machines ; high frequency signal injection ; CMV ; modulation techniques ; PWM ; railway traction drives ; induction motor drives ; high-speed drives ; overmodulation and six-step operation ; electrical motors ; sot filling factor ; optimization algorithm ; windings ; magnetic wire ; filling factor optimization ; electric drive ; transmission shaft ; electric transmission line ; electrical and mechanical similarities ; kinematic structure ; equivalent circuit ; mathematical modelling ; failure ; detection ; diagnosis ; BLDC ; brushless ; systematic review ; rotor position ; BLDC motor ; sensor misalignment ; sizing methodology ; electrical machines ; thermal model ; electromagnetic model ; switched reluctance motor ; torque sharing functions ; firing angle modulation ; autonomous systems ; brushless synchronous generator ; electric power generation ; high speed generator ; high resistance connection ; fault-detection ; fault-tolerant control ; six-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines ; field-oriented control ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    University Press of Colorado | University Press of Colorado
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World explores the current trends in the social archaeology of human-animal relationships, focusing on the ways in which animals are used to structure, create, support, and even deconstruct social inequalities. The authors provide a global range of case studies from both New and Old World archaeology—royal Aztec dog burial, the monumental horse tombs of Central Asia, and the ceremonial macaw cages of ancient Mexico among them. They explore the complex relationships between people and animals in social, economic, political, and ritual contexts, incorporating animal remains from archaeological sites with artifacts, texts, and iconography to develop their interpretations. Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World presents new data and interpretations that reveal the role of animals, their products, and their symbolism in structuring social inequalities in the ancient world. The volume will be of interest to archaeologists, especially zooarchaeologists, and classical scholars of pre-modern civilizations and societies.  Contributors: Alejandra Aguirre Molina, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Levent Atici, Douglas V. Campana, Roderick Campbell, Ximena Chá­vez Balderas, Pam J. Crabtree, Susan D. deFrance, Kitty F. Emery, Abigail Holeman, H. Edwin Jackson, Leonardo López Lujá­n, Michael MacKinnon, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Sue Ann McCarty, Neil L. Norman, Gilberto Perez, Bernardo Rodriguez, William A. Saturno, Ashley E. Sharpe, Nawa Sugiyama, Charlotte K. Sunseri, Naomi Sykes, Fabiola Torres, Raul Valadez, Norma Valentin Maldonado, Adam S. Watson, Joshua Wright, Belem Zuniga-Arelleno
    Keywords: History ; Ancient ; Social Science ; Archaeology ; Nature ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest
    Language: English
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Recent advances in the fabrication techniques have enabled the production of different types of polymer sensors and actuators that can be utilized in a wide range of applications, such as soft robotics, biomedical, smart textiles and energy harvesting. Functional polymers possess dynamic physical and chemical properties, which make them suitable candidates for sensing and actuating tasks in response to external stimuli, such as radiation, temperature, chemical reaction, external force, magnetic and electric fields. This book focuses on the recent advancements in the modeling and analysis of functional polymer systems.
    Keywords: polymer gel ; colloidal crystals ; optical film ; pH sensor ; graphene oxide ; silver nanowires ; ionic electroactive polymer ; poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) ; 4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)phenyl-polyethylene glycol ; IIECMS ; MWCNT-CDC fibers ; PPy/DBS linear films ; uncertainty measurements ; electrostrictive properties ; actuators ; structural β-phase ; dielectric properties ; P(VDF-HFP) nanofibers ; electrospinning ; thermal compression ; hydrogels ; 3D printing ; tough ; sensor ; multi-parameter perturbation method ; piezoelectric polymers ; experimental verification ; cantilever beam ; force–electric coupling characteristics ; 4D printing ; metastructure ; shape-memory polymers ; wave propagation ; finite element method ; bandgap ; polymer composites ; microelectromechanical system (MEMS) ; electromagnetic (EM) actuator ; magnetic membrane ; microfluidic ; biomedical ; dynamic hydrogels ; tannic acid ; chitin nanofibers ; starch ; self-healing ; self-recovery ; functional polymers ; sensors ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The demands on innovative materials given by the ever-increasing requirements of contemporary industry require the use of high-performance engineering materials. The properties of materials and alloys are a result of their structures, which can primarily be affected by the preparation/production process. However, the production of materials featuring high levels of the required properties without the necessity to use costly alloying elements or time- and money-demanding heat treatment technologies typically used to enhance the mechanical properties of metallic materials (especially specific strength) still remains a challenge. The introduction of thermomechanical treatment represented a breakthrough in grain refinement, consequently leading to significant improvement of the mechanical properties of metallic materials. Contrary to conventional production technologies, the main advantage of such treatment is the possibility to precisely control structural phenomena that affect the final mechanical and utility properties. Thermomechanical treatment can only decrease the grain size to the scale of microns. However, further research devoted to pushing materials’ performance beyond the limits led to the introduction of severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods providing producers with the ability to acquire ultra-fine-grained and nanoscaled metallic materials with superior mechanical properties. SPD methods can be performed with the help of conventional forming equipment; however, many newly designed processes have also been introduced.
    Keywords: crack nucleation ; fatigue ; plastic deformation ; surface topography ; high-entropy alloy ; powder metallurgy ; microstructure ; spring steel ; heat treatment ; retained austenite ; Mössbauer spectroscopy ; neutron diffraction ; tungsten heavy alloy ; rotary swaging ; finite element analysis ; deformation behaviour ; residual stress ; austenitic steel 08Ch18N10T ; cyclic plasticity ; cyclic hardening ; experiments ; finite element method ; low-cycle fatigue ; tungsten ; dislocations ; microstrain ; twist channel angular pressing ; severe plastic deformation ; mechanical properties ; disintegrator ; microscopy ; wear ; high energy milling ; cement ; sintering ; quenching ; abrasive waterjet ; machining ; traverse speed ; material structure ; material properties ; cutting force ; deformation force ; clad composite ; effective strain ; heat-resistant steel ; cast steel ; microalloying ; strengthening mechanism ; abrasive water jet cutting ; surface roughness ; hardness ; tensile strength ; functional properties ; metallic systems ; mechanical processing ; structural phenomena ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This book focuses on recent advances in the synthesis of nanoparticles, their characterization, and their applications in different fields such as catalysis, photonics, magnetism, and nanomedicine. Nanoparticles receive a large share of the worldwide research activity in contemporary materials science. This is witnessed by the number of scientific papers with ""nanoparticle"" as a keyword, increasing linearly in the last 10 years from about 16,000 in 2009 to about 50,000 in 2019. This impressive widespread interest stems from the basic science of nanoparticles, which constitute a bridge between the molecular and the bulk worlds, as well as from their technological applications. The preparation of nanoparticles is a crossroad of materials science where chemists, physicists, engineers, and even biologists frequently meet, leading to a continuous improvement of existing techniques and to the invention of new methods. The reader interested in nanoparticles synthesis and properties will here find a valuable selection of scientific cases that cannot cover all methods and applications relevant to the field, but still provide an updated overview on the fervent research activity focused on nanoparticles.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; silicon quantum dots ; nanocomposites ; finite element method ; nanoparticles ; non-aqueous solvent controlled sol-gel route ; Au-Fe alloy ; isomalto-oligosaccharide ; cytotoxic activity ; gas phase condensation ; synergistic effect ; alloys ; metal oxides ; egg white protein ; nanoparticle ; submicrometre spherical particles ; emulsifying property ; Ligustrum ovalifolium L. ; A375 cells ; core-shell particles ; physical adsorption ; pulse laser deposition ; ovarian carcinoma cells ; mobility ; FePt alloy ; reaction control ; titanium ; PLD ; ceria ; cobalt ; hot spot ; graphene ; thermal aggregation ; phase separation ; one-pot hydrothermal method ; super-luminescent diode ; electron microscopy ; synthesis ; InPBi ; laser wavelength ; hierarchical structure ; emission spectrum ; zeta potential ; glycation ; La-Na co-doped TiO2 ; plasmonic coupling ; silver nanoparticles ; blue ; catalytic activity ; magnetic phase ; photothermal therapy ; quantum dot ; iron ; gold nanorods ; methylene ; phytosynthesis ; laser melting in liquid ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The numerical simulation of sheet metal forming processes has become an indispensable tool for the design of components and their forming processes. This role was attained due to the huge impact in reducing time to market and the cost of developing new components in industries ranging from automotive to packing, as well as enabling an improved understanding of the deformation mechanisms and their interaction with process parameters. Despite being a consolidated tool, its potential for application continues to be discovered with the continuous need to simulate more complex processes, including the integration of the various processes involved in the production of a sheet metal component and the analysis of in-service behavior. The quest for more robust and sustainable processes has also changed its deterministic character into stochastic to be able to consider the scatter in mechanical properties induced by previous manufacturing processes. Faced with these challenges, this Special Issue presents scientific advances in the development of numerical tools that improve the prediction results for conventional forming process, enable the development of new forming processes, or contribute to the integration of several manufacturing processes, highlighting the growing multidisciplinary characteristic of this field.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; hardening ; modeling ; direct forming ; forming limit curve ; depth-sensing indentation ; stamping ; finite element method ; similitude ; the bathtub model ; boron steel ; plastic anisotropy ; physical experiment ; robustness evaluation ; cold deep drawing ; hardening law ; formability ; magnetic-pulse forming ; hot deep drawing ; metallic bipolar plate ; parameters identification ; finite element simulation ; mechanical properties ; hardness ; deformation characteristics ; continuum damage mechanics ; yield function ; Knoop indenter ; Young’s modulus ; damage ; 3D adaptive remeshing ; springback ; bake hardening ; Johnson–Cook material model ; anisotropy ; indirect forming ; ductile damage ; steel sheet ; mechanical modeling ; fracture behavior ; fuel cells ; dent resistance ; numerical simulation ; mixed hardening ; M-K theory ; uniform deformation ; non-proportional loading paths ; high-frequency oscillation ; gas detonation forming ; yield locus ; sheet metal forming ; inhomogeneity ; TA32 titanium alloy ; aluminium alloy formability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Like all branches of physics and engineering, electromagnetics relies on mathematical methods for modeling, simulation, and design procedures in all of its aspects (radiation, propagation, scattering, imaging, etc.). Originally, rigorous analytical techniques were the only machinery available to produce any useful results. In the 1960s and 1970s, emphasis was placed on asymptotic techniques, which produced approximations of the fields for very high frequencies when closed-form solutions were not feasible. Later, when computers demonstrated explosive progress, numerical techniques were utilized to develop approximate results of controllable accuracy for arbitrary geometries. In this Special Issue, the most recent advances in the aforementioned approaches are presented to illustrate the state-of-the-art mathematical techniques in electromagnetics.
    Keywords: cubic-quartic Schrödinger equation ; cubic-quartic resonant Schrödinger equation ; parabolic law ; wave field transformation ; finite difference method ; Cole–Cole model ; Monte Carlo simulations ; percolation ; conductivity ; carbon nanotubes composite ; optical parametric amplification ; non-linear wave mixing ; micro-resonator ; optimization ; MRI system ; birdcage coil ; birdcage configurations ; coil capacitance ; analytical solution ; equivalent circuit modelling ; T-matrix theory ; 3D-EM simulation ; small volume RF coil ; method of auxiliary sources (MAS) ; electromagnetic scattering ; wedge ; numerical methods ; accuracy ; coil gun ; reluctance ; electromagnetic launcher ; mechatronics ; electronics ; mechanics ; simulation ; RoboCup ; magnetic field strength ; magnetic flux density ; magnetic potential ; current density ; power transmission line ; electromagnetic modelling ; integral formulation ; skin effect ; thin shell approach ; mutual inductance ; finite element method ; partial element equivalent circuit method ; magnetite nanoparticles ; Mie scattering theory ; near infrared laser ; photothermal therapy ; bioheat transfer ; diffusion approximation ; Arrhenius integral ; breast cancer ; air-core pulsed alternator ; electromagnetic rail launcher ; coupled analysis ; computational electromagnetics ; integral formulations ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book offers a collection of six papers addressing problems associated with the computational modeling of multi-field problems. Some of the proposed contributions present novel computational techniques, while other topics focus on applying state-of-the-art techniques in order to solve coupled problems in various areas including the prediction of material failure during the lithiation process, which is of major importance in batteries; efficient models for flexoelectricity, which require higher-order continuity; the prediction of composite pipes under thermomechanical conditions; material failure in rock; and computational materials design. The latter exploits nano-scale modeling in order to predict various material properties for two-dimensional materials with applications in, for example, semiconductors. In summary, this book provides a good overview of the computational modeling of different multi-field problems.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; temperature variation ; h-BN and Graphene sheets ; molecular dynamics simulation ; thermal conductance ; mechanical ; patch repair ; first-principles ; finite element method ; Von Mises stress ; composite ; thermal ; electrofusion socket joints ; two-dimensional semiconductor ; buried gas distribution pipes ; level set technique ; lithium-ion battery ; phase field approach to fracture ; meshless method ; rock mechanics ; fracture of geo-materials ; flexoelectricity ; pressure gradient effect ; medium density polyethylene (MDPE) ; high density polyethylene (HDPE) ; size effect ; fracture analysis ; interface modeling ; cohesive zone model ; thermal conductivity ; peridynamics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Interest in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is continuously increasing worldwide, especially with the increased use of renewable energy and the electrification of transports. This book contains the successful submissions of fifteen papers to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines”. The focus is on permanent magnet synchronous machines and the electrical systems they are connected to. The presented work represents a wide range of areas. Studies of control systems, both for permanent magnet synchronous machines and for brushless DC motors, are presented and experimentally verified. Design studies of generators for wind power, wave power and hydro power are presented. Finite element method simulations and analytical design methods are used. The presented studies represent several of the different research fields on permanent magnet machines and electric drives.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; MPC ; predictive current control (PCC) ; fault diagnosis ; modeling ; back electromotive force ; finite-element analysis ; sensorless control ; brushless dc motor ; flying start ; periodic timer interrupt ; digital simulation ; torque control ; saturation ; renewable energy ; finite element method ; sensorless motor ; electric propulsion systems ; electric vehicle ; energy efficiency ; sub-fractional slot-concentrated winding ; stability ; design tools ; brushless machine ; permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) ; electrical signature analysis ; Vernier machine ; multiphase machine ; interior permanent magnet synchronous machines ; automotive applications ; pulse width modulation ; current ripples ; PMSM ; wave power ; outer rotor ; electric vehicle (EV) ; power control ; condition monitoring ; energy conversion ; sliding mode observer (SMO) ; field weakening ; small wind turbines ; interior permanent-magnet machines ; permanent-magnet machine ; free-wheeling period ; brushless DC (BLDC) motor ; speed tracking ; current spikes ; flux switching machine ; Brushless DC motors ; magnetic reluctance network ; winding inductance ; parameter perturbation ; DB-DTFC (deadbeat-direct torque and flux control) ; R-C filter ; phase-advanced method ; motor drives ; PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor) ; coils ; predictive maintenance ; cogging torque ; finite element analysis ; permanent magnet material ; vector control ; linear generator ; commutation error compensation ; electrical machine design ; permanent magnet synchronous generator ; wind generator ; mathematical model ; permanent magnet synchronous motor ; hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) ; stator ; bulk electric system ; permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) ; synchronous generator ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The development of micro- and nanodevices for blood analysis is an interdisciplinary subject that demands the integration of several research fields, such as biotechnology, medicine, chemistry, informatics, optics, electronics, mechanics, and micro/nanotechnologies. Over the last few decades, there has been a notably fast development in the miniaturization of mechanical microdevices, later known as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which combine electrical and mechanical components at a microscale level. The integration of microflow and optical components in MEMS microdevices, as well as the development of micropumps and microvalves, have promoted the interest of several research fields dealing with fluid flow and transport phenomena happening in microscale devices. Microfluidic systems have many advantages over their macroscale counterparts, offering the ability to work with small sample volumes, providing good manipulation and control of samples, decreasing reaction times, and allowing parallel operations in one single step. As a consequence, microdevices offer great potential for the development of portable and point-of-care diagnostic devices, particularly for blood analysis. Moreover, the recent progress in nanotechnology has contributed to its increasing popularity, and has expanded the areas of application of microfluidic devices, including in the manipulation and analysis of flows on the scale of DNA, proteins, and nanoparticles (nanoflows). In this Special Issue, we invited contributions (original research papers, review articles, and brief communications) that focus on the latest advances and challenges in micro- and nanodevices for diagnostics and blood analysis, micro- and nanofluidics, technologies for flow visualization, MEMS, biochips, and lab-on-a-chip devices and their application to research and industry. We hope to provide an opportunity to the engineering and biomedical community to exchange knowledge and information and to bring together researchers who are interested in the general field of MEMS and micro/nanofluidics and, especially, in its applications to biomedical areas.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; red blood cells ; n/a ; metastatic potential ; microfluidic devices ; microstructure ; lens-less ; regression analysis ; power-law fluid ; narrow rectangular microchannel ; biomedical coatings ; XTC-YF cells ; red blood cell (RBC) aggregation ; Y-27632 ; finite element method ; POCT ; CEA detection ; immersed boundary method ; suspension ; particle tracking velocimetry ; biomicrofluidics ; computational fluid dynamics ; red blood cells (RBCs) ; modified conventional erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) method ; computational biomechanics ; RBC aggregation index ; microfabrication ; microfluidics ; morphological analysis ; chronic renal disease ; multiple microfluidic channels ; centrifugal microfluidic device ; deformability ; master molder using xurography technique ; fluorescent chemiluminescence ; hydrophobic dish ; pressure-driven flow ; cell deformability ; mechanophenotyping ; separation and sorting techniques ; density medium ; cell adhesion ; polymers ; rheology ; circular microchannel ; blood on chips ; multinucleated cells ; velocity ; cell analysis ; microfluidic chip ; twin-image removal ; cancer ; Lattice–Boltzmann method ; diabetes ; hyperbolic microchannel ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neurodegenerative diseases are the most frequent cause of dementia, representing a burden for public health systems (especially in middle and middle-high income countries). Although most research on this issue is concentrated in first-world centers, growing efforts in South America are affording important breakthroughs. This emerging agenda poses new challenges for the region but also new opportunities for the field. This book aims to integrate the community of experts across the globe and the region, and to establish new challenges and developments for future investigation. We present research focused on neurodegenerative research in South America. We introduce studies assessing the interplay among genetic, neural, and behavioral dimensions of these diseases, as well as articles on vulnerability factors, comparisons of findings from various countries, and works promoting multicenter and collaborative networking. More generally, our book covers a broad scope of human-research approaches (behavioral assessment, neuroimaging, electromagnetic techniques, brain connectivity, peripheral measures), animal methodologies (genetics, epigenetics, proteomics, metabolomics, other molecular biology tools), species (all human and non-human animals, sporadic, and genetic versions), and article types (original research, review, and opinion papers). Through this wide-ranging proposal, we hope to introduce a fresh approach to the challenges and opportunities of research on neurodegeneration in South America.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; South America ; Multicenter research ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurosciences ; Public Health ; Animals ; Clinical Protocols ; Research ; Human Experimentation ; Dementia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: drugs ; Behavior ; Memory tasks ; pre-clinical ; clinical ; Humans ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue deals with improvements in the energy efficiency of electric devices, machines, and drives, which are achieved through improvements in the design, modelling, control, and operation of the system. Properly sized and placed coils of a welding transformer can reduce the required iron core size and improve the efficiency of the welding system operation. New structures of the single-phase field excited flux switching machine improve its performance in terms of torque, while having higher back-EMF and unbalanced electromagnetic forces. A properly designed rotor notch reduces the torque ripple and cogging torque of interior permanent magnet motors for the drive platform of electric vehicles, resulting in lower vibrations and noise. In the field of modelling, the torque estimation of a Halbach array surface permanent magnet motor with a non-overlapping winding layout was improved by introducing an analytical two-dimensional subdomain model. A general method for determining the magnetically nonlinear two-axis dynamic models of rotary and linear synchronous reluctance machines and synchronous permanent magnet machines is introduced that considers the effects of slotting, mutual interaction between the slots and permanent magnets, saturation, cross saturation, and end effects. Advanced modern control solutions, such as neural network-based model reference adaptive control, fuzzy control, senseless control, torque/speed tracking control derived from the 3D non-holonomic integrator, including drift terms, maximum torque per ampere, and maximum efficiency characteristics, are applied to improve drive performance and overall system operation.
    Keywords: interior permanent magnet synchronous motor ; torque ripple ; cogging torque ; electric vehicle ; notch ; mathematical model ; Halbach Array ; surface permanent magnet ; magnetic vector potential ; torque ; in-wheel electric vehicle ; independent 4-wheel drive ; torque distribution ; fuzzy control ; traction control ; active yawrate control ; energy efficiency ; industry ; water circuits ; OpenModelica ; optimisation ; induction motor ; speed estimation ; model reference adaptive system ; kalman filter ; luenberger observer ; flux switching machine ; modular rotor ; non-overlap winding ; magnetic flux analysis ; iron losses ; copper loss ; stress analysis ; finite element method ; magnetic loss ; maximum efficiency (ME) characteristic ; maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) characteristic ; modeling ; permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) ; sensorless control ; synchronous machines ; dynamic models ; nonlinear magnetics ; parameter estimation ; DC-DC converter ; resistance spot welding ; transformer ; efficiency ; dynamic power loss ; design ; induction machines ; nonlinear control ; torque/speed control ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The 2018 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering (ICHVE 2018) was held on 10–13 September 2018 in Athens, Greece, organized by the National Technical University of Athens, Greece, and endorsed by the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society. This conference has attracted a great deal of attention from international researchers in the field of high voltage engineering. This conference provided not only an excellent platform to share knowledge and experiences on high voltage engineering, but also the opportunity to present the latest achievements and different emerging challenges in power engineering, including topics related to ultra-high voltage, smart grids, and new insulation materials and their dielectric properties.
    Keywords: transformer oil ; multi frequency ultrasonic ; water content ; back propagation neural network ; genetic algorithm ; air capacitive sensors ; power system transients ; high-voltage measurements ; high-voltage monitoring ; mineral oil ; different particles ; accumulation behavior ; breakdown voltage ; DC voltage ; vacuum circuit breaker ; multi-break ; voltage distribution ; FEM ; stray capacitance ; grading capacitor ; partial discharge ; needle-plate model ; statistical rule ; discharge stage ; space charge ; silicone rubber ; degradation ; breakdown ; contact angle ; surface roughness ; FTIR ; ATH ; electrical tree ; XLPE ; polycyclic compound ; DC-impulse voltage ; temperature ; trap distribution ; creeping discharge ; AC voltage ; point-plane ; atmospheric gases ; flashover voltage ; polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ; epoxy resin ; high voltage direct current ; polymeric insulation ; space charges ; nonlinear electric conductivity ; cable termination ; electric field ; high-voltage test ; stress relief cone ; grounding system ; substation ; lightning ; transmission system ; surge arrester performance ; bundle electric field ; corona ; HVDC transmission lines ; optimization ; radio interference ; electromagnetic transients ; nonuniform transmission line ; numerical Laplace transform ; time-dependent elements ; transmission line modeling ; nanofluids ; nanoparticles ; breakdown strength ; transformer oils ; permittivity ; conductivity ; combustion particle ; electric field distortion ; multi physical field ; finite element method ; particle movement characteristic ; insulator design ; dry band ; pollution ; offshore ; export cables ; inter-array cables ; damped AC voltage (DAC), after-laying cable testing ; on-site diagnosis ; condition assessment ; partial discharges ; and dissipation factor ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 100
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Sonic/phononic crystals termed acoustic/sonic band gap media are elastic analogues of photonic crystals and have also recently received renewed attention in many acoustic applications. Photonic crystals have a periodic dielectric modulation with a spatial scale on the order of the optical wavelength. The design and optimization of photonic crystals can be utilized in many applications by combining factors related to the combinations of intermixing materials, lattice symmetry, lattice constant, filling factor, shape of the scattering object, and thickness of a structural layer. Through the publications and discussions of the research on sonic/phononic crystals, researchers can obtain effective and valuable results and improve their future development in related fields. Devices based on these crystals can be utilized in mechanical and physical applications and can also be designed for novel applications as based on the investigations in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: optical force ; photonic crystal cavity ; particle trapping ; optomechanical sensing ; polarization converter ; photonic crystal fiber ; square lattice ; extinction ratio ; polarization splitter ; dual-core photonic crystal fiber ; coupling characteristics ; phononic crystal ; auxetic structure ; star-shaped honeycomb structure ; wave propagation ; orbital angular momentum ; modal dispersion ; stress-induced birefringence ; finite element method ; mode-division multiplexing ; Erbium-doped fiber amplifier ; photonic crystal fibers ; cylindrical lens ; photonic nanojet ; graded-index ; vibration energy harvester ; defect bands ; piezoelectric material ; magnetostrictive material ; output voltage and power ; locally resonant ; band gap ; differential quadrature method ; direct laser writing ; KTP ; nonlinear optics ; photonic coupling ; energy harvesting ; defect modes ; phononic crystals (PCs) ; colloidal photonic crystals ; tunable photonic band gaps ; anti-counterfeiting ; coupled elastic waves ; laminated piezoelectric phononic crystals ; arbitrarily anisotropic materials ; band tunability ; electrical boundaries ; dispersion curves ; photonic crystals ; photonic bandgaps ; polymer materials ; acoustic metamaterial ; effective medium ; bubble resonance ; negative modulus ; graphene ; kerr effect ; optical switch ; photonic band gap ; photonic crystal ; microwave photonics ; optical frequency combs ; waveguide ; complete PBG ; PDOS ; TE ; TM ; beam shaping ; angular filtering ; autocloning ; multilayered structures ; sensor ; sensitivity ; figure of merit ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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