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  • 101
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Biosensing and bioimaging techniques largely promote the accurate diagnosis of intractable diseases, such as cancers, on the basis of specific molecular targets, or as-called biomarkers. To realize the assays with ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity, the wide application of molecular biology and nanotechnology are of great necessity. Both directions may offer effective signal amplification strategies, as well as inhibition of cross-reaction interference. Therefore, this Special Issue, “Biosensing and Bioimaging: Trends and Perspective”, highlights the recent developments in intelligent biomolecule/nanostructure-based probes for bioimaging and biosensing applications. It consists of five peer-reviewed papers that cover current hot topics, such as biodegradable materials, DNA assembly, shRNA delivery and chimeric proteins, which will provide a unique perspective of advanced biosensing and bioimaging techniques.
    Keywords: Chagas disease ; immunoassays ; chimeric proteins ; stability ; biodegradable materials ; metal-organic framework ; metal ion nodes ; multimode imaging ; theranostic nano-platforms ; MCF-7 cells ; electrochemistry ; 2-D materials ; signal amplification ; DNA assembly ; bio-responsive fluorescent complexes ; shRNA delivery ; LncRNA MALAT1 ; cancer cells bioimaging ; therapeutics ; autophagy ; biosensor ; microfluidics ; organ-on-a-chip ; lung model ; lung-on-a-chip ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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  • 102
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The most influential research topic in the twenty-first century seems to be mathematics, as it generates innovation in a wide range of research fields. It supports all engineering fields, but also areas such as medicine, healthcare, business, etc. Therefore, the intention of this Special Issue is to deal with mathematical works related to engineering and multidisciplinary problems. Modern developments in theoretical and applied science have widely depended our knowledge of the derivatives and integrals of the fractional order appearing in engineering practices. Therefore, one goal of this Special Issue is to focus on recent achievements and future challenges in the theory and applications of fractional calculus in engineering sciences. The special issue included some original research articles that address significant issues and contribute towards the development of new concepts, methodologies, applications, trends and knowledge in mathematics. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following: Fractional mathematical models; Computational methods for the fractional PDEs in engineering; New mathematical approaches, innovations and challenges in biotechnologies and biomedicine; Applied mathematics; Engineering research based on advanced mathematical tools.
    Keywords: fractional order IMC ; first order plus dead-time processes ; event-based implementation ; numerical simulations ; comparative closed loop results ; nonlinear wave phenomen ; RBF ; local RBF-FD ; stability ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; quaternion-based estimator ; low-cost design ; automatic optical inspection ; kinetic theory ; parallel robots ; robust control ; sliding mode control ; basinI ; basinII ; mean pressure head ; pressure head with different probabilities of occurrence ; standard deviation of the pressure fluctuations ; statistical modeling ; USBR ; desalination ; humidification-dehumidification ; waste heat recovery ; mathematical model ; yearly analysis ; thermo-economics ; multi-objective optimization ; cruise altitude ; fuel consumption ; time to climb ; Hermite-Simpson method ; trajectory optimization ; terminal residual analysis (TRA) ; m-σ terminal residual analysis (m-σ TRA) ; power transformer ; stray losses ; analytical methods ; finite element method ; gridshell structures ; shape ratio ; length ratio ; regularity ; particle swarm optimization ; genetic algorithm ; hybrid nanofluid ; dual solutions ; mixed convection ; stagnation point ; radiation ; stability analysis ; machine learning ; eXterme Gradient Boosting ; Computation Fluid Dynamics ; blade vibration ; unsteady aerodynamic model ; active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) ; multiobjective optimization ; time delay systems ; tuning rules ; soft robotics ; fractional calculus ; CACSD toolbox ; operating point linearization ; automatic uncertainty bound computation ; Model-in-the-Loop simulation ; hybrid simulation ; ℋ∞ control ; μ synthesis ; DC-to-DC power converters ; buck ; boost ; SEPIC ; rainfall-runoff model ; curve number ; inferential statistics ; 3D runoff difference model ; model calibration ; PAT model ; modified affinity laws ; hydraulic simulation tool ; μ-synthesis ; fractional-order control ; swarm optimization ; artificial bee colony optimization ; CNC machine ; mixed sensitivity ; D–K iteration ; Linear Matrix Inequality ; biotechnology ; fermentation process ; batch bioreactors ; modeling ; control system design and synthesis ; linear control ; adaptive control ; model reference adaptive control ; control system realization ; mixed-sensitivity ; FO-PID ; twin rotor aerodynamic system ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 103
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Multibody systems with flexible elements represent mechanical systems composed of many elastic (and rigid) interconnected bodies meeting a functional, technical, or biological assembly. The displacement of each or some of the elements of the system is generally large and cannot be neglected in mechanical modeling. The study of these multibody systems covers many industrial fields, but also has applications in medicine, sports, and art. The systematic treatment of the dynamic behavior of interconnected bodies has led to an important number of formalisms for multibody systems within mechanics. At present, this formalism is used in large engineering fields, especially robotics and vehicle dynamics. The formalism of multibody systems offers a means of algorithmic analysis, assisted by computers, and a means of simulating and optimizing an arbitrary movement of a possibly high number of elastic bodies in the connection. The domain where researchers apply these methods are robotics, simulations of the dynamics of vehicles, biomechanics, aerospace engineering (helicopters and the behavior of cars in a gravitational field), internal combustion engines, gearboxes, transmissions, mechanisms, the cellulose industry, simulation of particle behavior (granulated particles and molecules), dynamic simulation, military applications, computer games, medicine, and rehabilitation.
    Keywords: symmetry ; asymmetry ; measure of skewness ; decile ; Monte Carlo algorithm ; Gibbs–Appell ; energy of accelerations ; finite element ; nonlinear system ; elastic elements ; analytical dynamics ; robotics ; Hilbert’s inequality ; Fubini theorem ; Fenchel-Legendre transform ; time scale ; fractional derivative ; skin tissues ; thermal damages ; Laplace transforms ; Kane’s equations ; planar mechanism ; Lagrange’s equations ; dynamics ; finite element method (FEM) ; multibody system (MBS) ; wind water pump ; strands wire rope ; experimental transitory vibrating regime ; stiffness ; damping ; joint time-frequency analysis ; Prony method ; matrix pencil method ; multibody ; propulsion drive ; linear motion ; eccentric trajectory ; reusable launch vehicles ; soft landing ; magnetorheological fluid ; numerical simulation ; multibody systems with flexible elements ; elastic bonds ; vibrations ; initial matrix ; stiffness matrix ; stability ; laser ; nuclear installation ; insulation ; Extreme Light Infrastructure ; gamma ray ; flexible coupling ; bolt ; non-metallic element ; finite element method ; elastic characteristic ; Light Sport Aircraft ; conceptual aircraft design ; wing ; flap ; aileron ; weight estimation ; symmetric profile ; sustainability ; mosquito borne diseases ; Aedes Aegypti ; Wolbachia invasion ; impulsive control ; time scales ; Noether theory ; conserved quantity ; elastic coupling ; non-metallic elements ; dynamic rigidity ; non-collinearly shafts ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 104
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Being the largest animal protein producer, the poultry industry is in the focus of mixed-diet consumers (from a welfare point of view, as a medium of functional foods, environmental issues, the use of antibiotics, etc.), as well as the livestock industry in general. The poultry industry is also extremely quick to uptake new technologies (such as biotechnology, mechanization, robotics, and climate and nutrient control) in order to be economically efficient and sustainable. There is constant pressure from pathogens and new threats, such as avian flu, that requires new treatments and biosecurity measures. There are many novel approaches and answers to these challenges. In breeding, molecular genetic tools (genomic selection and genome editing) can be used to increase production efficiency and fitness, especially immunity traits, or to characterize local genetic pools. The One Health approach, which requires a holistic approach, where genetics, nutrition, health treatment, and management need to be considered together, has gained ground in the poultry industry. The gut microbiome seems to be a good indicator of the balanced health of an animal. Artificial intelligence, built into robotic supervision and handling, helps to increase animal comfort and save costs in the workforce. Organic farming takes a different approach and faces different challenges. What could the possible answers be? We are facing a new era in poultry science. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the importance of new findings.
    Keywords: skin microbiota ; poultry ; welfare ; diet ; 16S rRNA gene ; amplicon sequencing ; ducks ; probiotic ; gut microbiome ; zinc ; imunity ; Ascaridia galli ; chicken ; microbiology ; poultry farming waste ; organic waste ; low protein diet ; broiler chickens ; N excretion ; Citrullus colocynthis ; lipid profile ; stress indicators ; physiological status ; productive performance ; laying hens ; ostrich ; meat production ; meat nutritive composition ; amino acids ; fatty acids ; minerals ; technological and organoleptic characteristics ; fattening turkey ; protein ; methionine ; growth ; hepatic lipidosis ; oxidative stress ; chicken breeds ; evolutionary lineages ; phenotypic traits ; NCAPG-LCORL ; synthetic genetic structure ; admixture ; laying hen ; non-caged ; non-trimmed ; beak abrasion ; behavior ; aggressiveness ; mortality ; lameness ; broiler chicken ; hypophosphatemic rickets ; Ca:P ratio ; phosphorus deficiency ; phosphorus requirement ; duration of onset ; animal nutrition ; animal husbandry ; composted pelletized poultry litter ; life cycle assessment ; Hosoya composting ; chemical fertilizers ; EU Green Deal ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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  • 105
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Herbaceous field crops include several hundred plant species worldly widespread for different end-uses, from food to no-food applications. Among them are included cereals, grain legumes, sugar beet, potato, cotton, tobacco, sunflower, safflower, rape, flax, soybean, alfalfa, clover spp. and other fodder crops, but only 15–20 species play a relevant role for the worldly global economy. Nowadays, to meet the food demand of the ever-increasing world population in a scenario of decreased arable lands, the development of holistic agricultural management approaches to boost contemporaneously yield and quality of herbaceous field crops is essential. Accordingly, this book represents an up-to-date collection of the current understanding of the impact of several agricultural management factors (i.e., genetic selection, planting density and arrangement, fertilization, irrigation, weed control and harvest time) on the yield and qualitative performances of 11 field crops (wheat, cardoon, potato, clary sage, basil, sugarcane, canola, cotton, tomato, lettuce and hemp). On the whole, the topics covered in this book will ensure students and academic readers, such as plant physiologists, environmental scientists, biotechnologists, botanists, soil chemists and agronomists, to get the information about the recent research advances on the eco-sustainable management cultivation of herbaceous field crops, with a particular focus on varietal development, soil nutrient and water management, weed control, etc.
    Keywords: planting density ; fertilization ; the central composite design ; fiber yield ; analog optimization ; potato ; nitrogen fertilization ; environmental sustainability ; cost-effective ; nitrogen use efficiency ; tuber yield ; EONFR ; growth ; specific leaf nitrogen ; critical nitrogen uptake ; cotton ; dry matter yield ; root growth ; root physiology ; water productivity ; nitrogen productivity ; drip irrigation quota ; lint yield ; biomass ; leaf chlorophyll fluorescence ; leaf gas exchange ; leaf structure ; drought tolerance ; dry weight yield ; essential oil content ; leaf area index ; Ocimum basilicum ; potassium ; fertilizer ; biomass accumulation ; fiber quality ; organic farming system ; yield ; pH ; soluble solid content ; Bostwick viscosity ; phosphorus sensitivity ; phosphorus ; reproductive organ biomass ; nutrients accumulation ; plant density ; nitrogen fertilization rate ; photosynthesis rate ; SPAD readings ; nitrogen efficiency indices ; tuber nutritional composition ; cereal crops ; plant water extracts ; bioherbicides ; weed management ; allelopathy ; dual purpose canola ; nitrogen fertilizer ; oil content ; grazing ; sustainable agriculture ; integrated weed management ; yield losses ; preventive weed control ; mechanical weed control ; physical weed control ; biological weed control ; herbicides ; hybrids ; wheat ; weeds ; competition ; genetic gain ; genomic selection ; quantitative genetics ; sugarcane breeding ; pit plantation ; planting patterns ; ratoon crop ; sowing techniques ; sugarcane yield ; quality ; seasonal variation ; fatty acids ; free sugars ; chemical composition ; Cynara cardunculus L. ; cardoon ; organic acids ; clary sage ; essential oil ; aromatic plant species ; biometric and agronomic characteristics ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; organic farming ; calcareous soils ; crop physiology ; sustainability ; diatomaceous earth ; monosilicic acid ; Si application method ; soil water conditions ; wheat cultivar ; tocopherols ; lipidic fraction ; companion plants ; N-fertilization ; partial land equivalent ratio (PLER) ; weed control ; grain quality ; productivity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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  • 106
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The world population is expected to reach almost 10,000 million in 2050, so, it is necessary to use our resources efficiently: to produce more food using less land and pollute less, to optimize the production and use of biomass from diversified resources. For this, new approaches and processes, with special emphasis from a biotechnological perspective, may need to be implemented to move towards a circular model that will confer environmental sustainability. In this book, the analysis and optimization of some examples of food and bioproduct processes, as well as development of innovative and emerging food and byproducts processing methods, are considered. Valorization, bioprocessing, and biorefining of food-industry-based streams, the role of industrial microorganisms, the isolation of high added-value compounds, applications of the resulting bio-based chemicals in food manufacturing, novel food formulations, among others, are addressed.
    Keywords: vinegar ; wine ; acetification ; bioprocesses ; experimental design ; polynomial modelling ; black-box models ; eggplant ; anthocyanins ; natural colorants ; bioactivity ; wheat ; germ ; wheat byproducts ; agglutinin ; WGA ; toxicity ; glycosylation ; N-Acetylglucosamine ; GlcNAc ; carbohydrate ; bioreactor systems ; optimization ; kombucha tea ; microbial diversity ; bacterial cellulose ; Komagataeibacter xylinus ; repetitive elements sequence-based rep-PCR ; typing ; basil ; design of experiments ; valorization strategies ; chicken breast fillets ; color ; cooking loss ; cooking temperature ; cooking time ; microbiological safety ; shear force ; sous vide cooking ; TBARS ; sourdough ; yeasts ; lactic acid bacteria ; bioactive compounds ; exopolysaccharides ; antifungal activity ; pectinase immobilization ; nylon 6/6 carrier ; pectinolytic activity ; reusability ; stability ; lactic fermentation ; functional beverages ; volatile compounds ; antioxidant activity ; jackfruit ; jackfruit processing ; by-products ; extraction methods ; phenolic compounds ; pectin ; emerging technologies ; innovative technologies ; functional ingredients ; olive oil extraction ; microbial consortium ; phenols ; functional foods ; compostable bioplastics ; coatings ; contact angle ; grease resistance ; paper ; WVTR ; LED ; foams ; cellulose ; natural fibers ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; sparkling wine ; protein ; interact omics ; amino acid metabolism ; yeast ; GO terms ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 107
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Energy storage is a key topic for research, industry, and business, which is gaining increasing interest. Any available energy-storage technology (batteries, fuel cells, flywheels, and so on) can cover a limited part of the power-energy plane and is characterized by some inherent drawback. Supercapacitors (also known as ultracapacitors, electrochemical capacitors, pseudocapacitors, or double-layer capacitors) feature exceptional capacitance values, creating new scenarios and opportunities in both research and industrial applications, partly because the related market is relatively recent. In practice, supercapacitors can offer a trade-off between the high specific energy of batteries and the high specific power of traditional capacitors. Developments in supercapacitor technology and supporting electronics, combined with reductions in costs, may revolutionize everything from large power systems to consumer electronics. The potential benefits of supercapacitors move from the progresses in the technological processes but can be effective by the availability of the proper tools for testing, modeling, diagnosis, sizing, management and technical-economic analyses. This book collects some of the latest developments in the field of supercapacitors, ranging from new materials to practical applications, such as energy storage, uninterruptible power supplies, smart grids, electrical vehicles, advanced transportation and renewable sources.
    Keywords: perovskite ; supercapacitors ; stability ; green supercapacitor ; water processable polymer ; pullulan ; ionic liquid ; electrospinning ; ultracapacitor ; equivalent circuit ; Fourier transform ; internal resistance ; hybrid energy storage system ; supercapacitor ; energy allocation ; energy storage ; wave energy ; dimensioning ; efficiency ; grid code ; renewable energies ; electric traction drives ; electrical vehicle ; microgrid ; renewable energy ; energy storage system ; EDLCs ; sustainable solvents ; non-aqueous electrolytes ; 5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 108
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Complex networks are one of the most challenging research focuses of disciplines, including physics, mathematics, biology, medicine, engineering, and computer science, among others. The interest in complex networks is increasingly growing, due to their ability to model several daily life systems, such as technology networks, the Internet, and communication, chemical, neural, social, political and financial networks. The Special Issue “Computation in Complex Networks" of Entropy offers a multidisciplinary view on how some complex systems behave, providing a collection of original and high-quality papers within the research fields of: • Community detection • Complex network modelling • Complex network analysis • Node classification • Information spreading and control • Network robustness • Social networks • Network medicine
    Keywords: city interaction network ; evolution model ; preferential attachment ; WeChat ; maximum likelihood ; chimera states ; coupled map lattice ; nilpotent matrix ; community detection ; membrane algorithm ; self-organizing map network ; complex networks ; optimization ; structural balance ; minimum memory based sign adjustment ; social networks ; NW network ; convergence ; complex system simulation ; cloud computing architecture ; service-oriented modeling ; semantic search framework ; QoS-based service selection ; cascading failures ; network topology ; null models ; SciSci ; knowledge evolution ; machine learning ; bridging centrality ; disjoint nodes ; disjunct nodes ; node similarity ; overlapping nodes ; Bayesian networks ; entropy ; socio-ecological system ; complex network ; chaotic time series ; Gaussian mixture model ; maximum mean discrepancy ; angiogenesis ; network properties ; variational inference ; graph neural network ; variational autoencoder ; network embedding ; online social networks ; social media ; information spreading ; information diffusion ; cross-entropy ; cross-domain recommendation ; sentiment analysis ; latent sentiment review feature ; non-linear mapping ; dissimilarity spaces ; support vector machines ; kernel methods ; computational biology ; systems biology ; protein contact networks ; data mining ; overlapping communities ; modularity ; literary works ; genre classification ; stylistic attributes ; lemmatization ; renormalisation process ; network growth ; inverse preferential attachment ; language networks ; language development ; multilayer complex networks ; stability ; spreading control ; graph neural networks ; node classification ; active learning ; graph representation learning ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 109
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Aquaculture is an important economic activity for food production all around the world that has experienced an exponential growth during the last few decades. However, several weaknesses and bottlenecks still need to be addressed in order to improve the aquaculture productive system. The recent fast development of the omics technologies has provided scientists with meaningful tools to elucidate the molecular basis of their research interests. This reprint compiles different works about the use of transcriptomics and genomics technologies in different aspects of the aquaculture research, such as immunity, stress response, development, sexual dimorphism, among others, in a variety of fish and shellfish, and even in turtles. Different transcriptome (mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)), genome (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)), and metatranscriptome analyses were conducted to unravel those different aspects of interest.
    Keywords: RNA-Seq ; lncRNAs ; Dicentrarchus labrax ; viral infection ; nodavirus ; immune response ; fish ; T lymphocytes ; infection ; malnutrition ; inflammation ; aquaculture ; histopathology ; immunohistochemistry ; enteromyxosis ; Philasterides dicentrarchi ; turbot ; transcriptomics ; Chinese mitten crab ; Eriocheir sinensis ; transportome ; transporters ; salinity ; osmoregulation ; transcriptome ; meta-analysis ; gills ; short pentraxins ; c-reactive protein ; zebrafish ; transcript expression ; antiviral ; SVCV ; rag1 mutants ; skin ; mucosal immunity ; hypoxia ; hypo-metabolic state ; growth ; swimming performance ; metabolic landmarks ; muscle transcriptome ; glycolysis ; lipid metabolism ; protein turnover ; gilthead sea bream ; hepatopancreas necrosis disease ; metatranscriptomics sequencing ; hepatopancreatic flora ; teleost ; B cells ; single cell transcriptomics ; immunoglobulins ; immune markers ; transcription factors ; long non-coding RNAs ; hepatic transcript expression ; salmon ; microarray ; omega-6/omega-3 ratio ; nutrigenomics ; fatty acids ; liver ; muscle ; Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ; sexual size dimorphism ; polyploid size dimorphism ; comparative transcriptome ; gene expression ; edible red sea urchin ; Loxechinus albus ; RNA-seq ; reference transcriptome ; Chinese soft-shelled turtle ; Aeromonas hydrophila ; hemorrhagic sepsis ; molecular immunopathogenesis ; tripartite motif proteins ; B30.2 domain ; antiviral immunity ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; grass carp reovirus ; metamorphosis ; brain ; RNA ; sequencing ; intermuscular bone ; development ; Megalobrama amblycephala ; Oreochromis niloticus ; histological structure ; Atlantic salmon ; smoltification ; genome ; mRNAs ; miRNAs ; sox family genes ; Pelodiscus sinensis ; estradiol ; pseudo-female ; sex-related ; heterosis ; heterobeltiosis ; environment ; transgressive genes ; conserved miRNA ; high-throughput sequencing ; lumpfish ; novel miRNA ; RT-qPCR ; heat shock protein ; co-chaperon network ; salinity-alkalinity adaptation ; molecular evolution ; Lateolabrax maculatus ; genomics ; stress response ; HPI-axis ; neuroendocrine-immune interaction ; common carp ; poly-unsaturated fatty acid ; fatty acid elongase ; association study ; genomic selection ; bulked segregant analysis ; SNP ; association analysis ; joint effect ; seawater adaptation ; microRNAs ; small-RNA sequencing ; microarray transcriptome ; European seabass ; chronic inflammation ; opioid receptors ; immune status ; whole-transcriptome sequencing ; sex differentiation ; non-coding RNAs ; ceRNA ; red cusk-eel ; thermal stress ; liver transcriptome ; oxidative damage ; protein folding ; hepatic enzymes ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAF Fisheries & related industries
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  • 110
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The purpose of this book was not to provide a comprehensive overview of the vast arena of how fungi and fungal metabolites are able to improve human and animal nutrition and health; rather, we, as Guest Editors, wished to encourage authors working in this field to publish their most recent work in this rapidly growing journal in order for the large readership to appreciate the full potential of wonderful and beneficial fungi. Thus, this Special Issue welcomed scientific contributions on applications of fungi and fungal metabolites, such as bioactive fatty acids, pigments, polysaccharides, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc., with great potential in human and animal nutrition and health.
    Keywords: fungal pigment ; natural dye ; spalting ; Scytalidium cuboideum ; dramada ; sustainable clothing ; selenium ; biofortification ; transporters ; mycorrhizal fungi ; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) ; fungal pigments ; textile dyeing ; toxicity testing ; biotechnological approaches ; challenges ; limits ; Saccharomyces boulardii ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; probiotics ; gastrointestinal tract ; Alginate ; β-glucan ; oligosaccharides ; elicitation ; Sargassum species ; Sparassis latifolia ; polyphenol ; antioxidant ; agave mezcalero bagasse ; apple bagasse ; solid-state fermentation ; secondary metabolites ; Pleurotus ostreatus ; Endophytic fungi ; Hyptis dilatata ; Pestalotiopsis mangiferae ; Pestalotiopsis microspora ; chemical elicitors ; antibacterial activity ; LC–ESI–Q–TOF–MS ; yeast ; biological control ; postharvest decay ; fruit ; mycorrhizae ; elevated CO2 ; Thymus vulgare ; growth ; photosynthesis ; metabolites ; biological activity ; Candida albicans ; non-albicans Candida species ; Candida auris ; aromatic alcohols ; fungi ; metabolomics ; NTCD ; additives ; functional foods ; nutraceuticals ; sustainability ; healthy aging ; Mortierella alpina ; animal fat by-product ; arachidonic acid ; ATR-FTIR spectroscopy ; Mucor circinelloides ; high-throughput screening ; metal ions ; phosphorus ; lipids ; biofuel ; FTIR spectroscopy ; bioremediation ; co-production ; natural colorants ; filamentous fungi ; stirred-tank bioreactor ; biodegradable films ; food package ; bioactive compounds ; FIP ; human health ; immunomodulation ; induced apoptosis ; lectin ; medicinal mushrooms ; polysaccharide ; terpenes and terpenoids ; melanin ; carotenoids ; polyketides ; azaphilones ; antitumor ; medical roles ; sphinganine-analog mycotoxins ; fumonisins ; AAL-toxin ; chemical structure ; toxicity ; genetics and evolution ; biosynthesis ; livestock ; ewes ; energy ; cytokines ; yeasts ; liquid swine diets ; MALDI-TOF ; biochemical identification ; growth temperature Ancom Gas Production System ; Candida krusei ; Candida lambica ; M. purpureus ; red yeast rice ; cholesterol reduction ; probiotic potential ; natural colorant ; extraction ability ; marine fungi ; Talaromyces albobiverticillius ; aqueous two-phases system extraction ; ionic liquids ; feed additive ; probiotic ; Sporidiobolus ruineniae ; tannase ; micro-fungi ; macro-fungi ; Ganoderma ; kombucha ; anticancer ; carotenoid ; medicinal mushroom ; mycobiome ; antimicrobial ; antifungal ; bioconversion ; cheese ; dairy ; Sclerotinia ; secondary metabolite ; endophytic fungi ; uncommon secondary metabolites ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 111
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Nanotechnology has offered a wide range of opportunities for the development and application of structures, materials, or systems with new properties in the food industry in recent years. The developed nanomaterials could greatly improve not only food quality and safety but also the foods’ health benefits. Therefore, the great potential of nanomaterial has provided a new perspective for researchers to dive deep into the material at the nano level. It is essential to further come up with novel techniques, methods, and products that have a direct application to nanotechnology in food science. This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of the current and projected outcomes made on nanoscience and nanotechnology fields, from nanomaterials design, conception and characterization to its application in a variety of food-related industries. Researchers are invited to submit their up-to-date original research articles, review works, and short communications to this Foods Special Issue: “Preparation of Novel Nanomaterial and its Application in Food Industry”
    Keywords: nano/micro-structure ; pesticide detection card ; electrospinning ; hydrophilic modification ; sensitivity ; naringenin ; naringin ; nanoliposomes ; pH-driven ; stability ; thymol ; nanosuspensions ; caseinate ; pH-driven method ; water solubility ; cinnamaldehyde ; halloysite nanotubes ; sodium alginate ; release ; dexamethasone ; time-resolved fluorescent microspheres ; immunochromatographic assay ; milk ; pork ; emulsions ; soy protein ; soy polysaccharide ; soy lecithin ; delivery ; electrspinning ; Nervilia fordii extract ; nano-encapsulation ; antioxidant activity ; solution blow spinning ; gelatin ; nylon 66 ; modification ; rapid fabrication ; Zein ; 7,8-dihydroxyflavone ; sophorolipid ; polysaccharide ; ternary nanoparticles ; lutein ; bioaccessibility ; encapsulation ; microfluidics ; nodularin ; nanobody ; detection ; ic-ELISA ; fluorescence ; quantum dots ; copper (II) ions ; water ; photoelectrochemical detection ; aptamer ; Listeria monocytogenes ; exonuclease I ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine
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  • 112
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: In recent years, rapid development in robotics, mobile, and communication technologies has encouraged many studies in the field of localization and navigation in indoor environments. An accurate localization system that can operate in an indoor environment has considerable practical value, because it can be built into autonomous mobile systems or a personal navigation system on a smartphone for guiding people through airports, shopping malls, museums and other public institutions, etc. Such a system would be particularly useful for blind people. Modern smartphones are equipped with numerous sensors (such as inertial sensors, cameras, and barometers) and communication modules (such as WiFi, Bluetooth, NFC, LTE/5G, and UWB capabilities), which enable the implementation of various localization algorithms, namely, visual localization, inertial navigation system, and radio localization. For the mapping of indoor environments and localization of autonomous mobile sysems, LIDAR sensors are also frequently used in addition to smartphone sensors. Visual localization and inertial navigation systems are sensitive to external disturbances; therefore, sensor fusion approaches can be used for the implementation of robust localization algorithms. These have to be optimized in order to be computationally efficient, which is essential for real-time processing and low energy consumption on a smartphone or robot.
    Keywords: dynamic objects identification and localization ; laser cluster ; radial velocity similarity ; Pearson correlation coefficient ; particle filter ; trilateral indoor positioning ; RSSI filter ; RSSI classification ; stability ; accuracy ; inertial navigation system ; artificial neural network ; motion tracking ; sensor fusion ; indoor navigation system ; indoor positioning ; indoor navigation ; radiating cable ; leaky feeder ; augmented reality ; Bluetooth ; indoor positioning system ; smart hospital ; indoor ; positioning ; visually impaired ; deep learning ; multi-layered perceptron ; inertial sensor ; smartphone ; multi-variational message passing (M-VMP) ; factor graph (FG) ; second-order Taylor expansion ; cooperative localization ; joint estimation of position and clock ; RTLS ; indoor positioning system (IPS) ; position data ; industry 4.0 ; traceability ; product tracking ; fingerprinting localization ; Bluetooth low energy ; Wi-Fi ; performance metrics ; positioning algorithms ; location source optimization ; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation ; DCPCRLB ; UAV ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; NWPS ; indoor positioning systems ; GPS denied ; GNSS denied ; autonomous vehicles ; visible light positioning ; mobile robot ; calibration ; appearance-based localization ; computer vision ; Gaussian processes ; manifold learning ; robot vision systems ; image manifold ; descriptor manifold ; indoor fingerprinting localization ; Gaussian filter ; Kalman filter ; received signal strength indicator ; channel state information ; indoor localization ; visual-inertial SLAM ; constrained optimization ; path loss model ; particle swarm optimization ; beacon ; absolute position system ; cooperative algorithm ; intercepting vehicles ; robot framework ; UWB sensors ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; wireless sensor network (WSN) ; switched-beam antenna ; electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna ; received signal strength (RSS) ; fingerprinting ; down-conversion ; GPS ; navigation ; RF repeaters ; up-conversion ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Science comprises a comprehensive study on “Antimicrobial Materials with Medical Applications”. The Special Issue has been inspired by the great progress made in the development of new antimicrobial materials that go beyond the resistance of microbes to modern antibiotics. It covers a selection of recent research and review articles in the field of antimicrobial materials and their medical applications. Moreover, it also provides an overview of this increasingly diverse field, presenting recent developments and the latest research, with particular emphasis on new antimicrobial surfaces, medical devices, contact lens, package materials, etc.
    Keywords: bisdemethoxycurcumin ; curcumin ; curcuminoid ; demethoxycurcumin ; photodynamic inactivation ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus epidermis ; prosthetic joint infection ; fracture-related infection ; bone graft substitute ; revision arthroplasty ; local antibiotic ; antimicrobial activity ; oxo-titanium(IV) complexes ; polymer-inorganic composites ; physicochemical properties ; thermal properties ; multi-functionalized cellulose microfibers ; controlled release ; wound dressing ; antioxidant activity ; sericin ; AgNPs ; ZnO ; green synthesis ; cavity disinfection ; antimicrobial substances ; chlorhexidine ; adhesion ; bonding ; dental caries ; Cr2O3 ; Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet ; antibacterial ; anticancer ; antioxidant ; biocompatibility ; metallic nanoparticles ; silver ; gold ; synthesis ; characterization ; surface reactivity ; stability ; antibacterial activity ; Escherichia coli ; multidrug resistant bacteria ; silver nanoparticles ; oregano leaves’ extract ; antimicrobial materials ; hydrogels ; contact lens ; plasma electrolytic oxidation ; additive manufacturing ; titanium bone implants ; antibacterial biomaterials ; surface biofunctionalization ; implant-associated infection ; cavity disinfectants ; primary teeth ; bond strength ; face shield ; facial protective equipment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; phage phi 6 ; MRSA ; MRSE ; polyethylene terephthalate ; benzalkonium chloride ; COVID-19 ; multidrug-resistant bacteria ; bioreduction ; biocapping agent ; bionanofactories ; biomedical ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Real-world systems exhibit complex behavior, therefore novel mathematical approaches or modifications of classical ones have to be employed to precisely predict, monitor, and control complicated chaotic and stochastic processes. One of the most basic concepts that has to be taken into account while conducting research in all natural sciences is symmetry, and it is usually used to refer to an object that is invariant under some transformations including translation, reflection, rotation or scaling.The following Special Issue is dedicated to investigations of the concept of dynamical symmetry in the modelling and analysis of dynamic features occurring in various branches of science like physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering, with special emphasis on research based on the mathematical models of nonlinear partial and ordinary differential equations. Addressed topics cover theories developed and employed under the concept of invariance of the global/local behavior of the points of spacetime, including temporal/spatiotemporal symmetries.
    Keywords: time delay ; third order differential equations ; difference scheme ; stability ; ϕc-Laplacian ; boundary value problem ; critical point theory ; three solutions ; multiple solutions ; fixed point theory ; boundary value problems ; generalized attracting horseshoe ; strange attractors ; poincaré map ; electronic circuits ; non-canonical differential equations ; second-order ; neutral delay ; mixed type ; oscillation criteria ; cell transplantation ; cytokines ; ischemic stroke ; numerical simulation ; runge-kutta method ; stability analysis ; ambient assisted living ; AAL ; ambient intelligence ; assisted living ; user-interfaces ; fuzzy logic ; vibrations ; symmetrical structures ; eigenmodes ; building ; concrete ; partial difference equation ; infinitely many small solutions ; (p,q)-Laplacian ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: This volume deals with novel high-quality research results of a wide class of mathematical models with applications in engineering, nature, and social sciences. Analytical and numeric, deterministic and uncertain dimensions are treated. Complex and multidisciplinary models are treated, including novel techniques of obtaining observation data and pattern recognition. Among the examples of treated problems, we encounter problems in engineering, social sciences, physics, biology, and health sciences. The novelty arises with respect to the mathematical treatment of the problem. Mathematical models are built, some of them under a deterministic approach, and other ones taking into account the uncertainty of the data, deriving random models. Several resulting mathematical representations of the models are shown as equations and systems of equations of different types: difference equations, ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, integral equations, and algebraic equations. Across the chapters of the book, a wide class of approaches can be found to solve the displayed mathematical models, from analytical to numeric techniques, such as finite difference schemes, finite volume methods, iteration schemes, and numerical integration methods.
    Keywords: mathematical modeling ; infiltration well ; differential equations ; porous medium ; fractal conductivity model ; incomplete rankings ; Kendall’s tau ; permutation graph ; competitive balance ; Spotify ; collocation ; volterra integral equation ; highly oscillatory ; convergence ; areal porosity ; volumetric porosity ; fractal area-volume relationship ; tortuosity factor ; joint probability ; corrugated box printing machine ; modified Delphi method ; analytic network process (ANP) ; supplier ; nonlinear system ; iterative method ; divided difference operator ; stability ; parameter plane ; dynamical plane ; random hyperbolic model ; random laplace transform ; numerical integration ; monte carlo method ; numerical simulation ; talbot algorithm ; stochastic perturbations ; random nonlinear oscillator ; maximum entropy principle ; probability density function ; stationary Gaussian noise ; random mean square parabolic model ; finite degree of randomness ; random finite difference scheme ; relativistic harmonic oscillator ; kinematics of a particle ; special relativity ; nonlinear problems in mechanics ; equations of motion in gravitational theory ; virus propagation ; stochastic modeling ; Gillespie algorithm ; conservative formulation ; multidimensional fragmentation equation ; weight functions ; finite volume scheme ; contamination plume ; advection-diffusion ; universal curves ; Dirichlet-to-Neumann map ; Schrödinger operator ; contagion effect ; difference equation ; elections ; labor condition ; mathematical compartmental discrete model ; political corruption ; revolving doors ; sensitivity analysis ; simulation ; numerical methods ; integro-interpolation method ; splitting method ; convergence of models ; standard deviation of the error ; diabetic retinopathy ; ocular fundus ; laser coagulation ; optical coherence tomography ; image processing ; segmentation ; safe treatment ; Hermite interpolation ; nodal systems ; unit circle ; circular membrane ; fluid-structure interaction ; differential-integral equations ; power series method ; closed-form solution ; time series model ; wavelet transform ; ARIMA model ; neural network NARX ; ionospheric parameters ; courtyard ; climate change ; microclimate ; Support Vector Regression (SVR) ; machine learning ; matrix functions ; matrix hyperbolic tangent ; matrix exponential ; Taylor series ; matrix polynomial evaluation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book gathers a number of selected contributions aimed at providing a balanced picture of the main research lines in the realm of delay differential equations and their applications to mathematical modelling. The contributions have been carefully selected so that they cover interesting theoretical and practical analysis performed in the deterministic and the stochastic settings. The reader will find a complete overview of recent advances in ordinary and partial delay differential equations with applications in other multidisciplinary areas such as Finance, Epidemiology or Engineering
    Keywords: delay systems ; nonstandard numerical methods ; dynamic consistency ; semilinear problems with delay ; hyperbolic equations ; difference scheme ; stability ; Hilbert space ; SEIRS model ; age structure ; time delay ; traveling wave solution ; local asymptotic stability ; Hopf bifurcation ; spot freight rates ; freight options ; stochastic diffusion process ; stochastic delay differential equation ; risk-neutral measure ; arbitration arguments ; partial differential equations ; second-order dual phase lag equation ; laser heating ; thin metal films ; melting and resolidification ; finite difference method ; random linear delay differential equation ; stochastic forcing term ; random Lp-calculus ; uncertainty quantification ; delay random differential equation ; non-standard finite difference method ; mean square convergence ; size-structured population ; consumer-resource model ; delay differential equation ; numerical methods ; characteristics method ; convergence analysis ; implementation delay ; information delay ; stability switching curve ; Cournot oligopoly ; growth rate dynamics ; fractional convection diffusion-wave equations ; compact difference scheme ; nonlinear delay ; spatial variable coefficients ; convergence and stability ; Gerasimov–Caputo fractional derivative ; differential equation with delay ; degenerate evolution equation ; fixed point theorem ; relaxation mode ; large parameter ; asymptotics ; HIV infection ; mathematical delay model ; eclipse phase ; NSFD ; numerical simulation ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Creatine plays a critical role in cellular metabolism, primarily by binding with phosphate to form phosphocreatine (PCr) as well as shuttling high-energy phosphate compounds in and out of the mitochondria for metabolism. Increasing the dietary availability of creatine increases the tissue and cellular availability of PCr, and thereby enhances the ability to maintain high-energy states during intense exercise. For this reason, creatine monohydrate has been extensively studied as an ergogenic aid for exercise, training, and sport. Limitations in the ability to synthesize creatine and transport and/or store dietary creatine can impair metabolism and is a contributor to several disease states. Additionally, creatine provides an important source of energy during metabolically stressed states, particularly when oxygen availability is limited. Thus, researchers have assessed the role of creatine supplementation on health throughout the lifespan, as well as whether creatine availability may improve disease management and/or therapeutic outcomes. This book provides a comprehensive overview of scientific and medical evidence related to creatine's role in metabolism, health throughout the lifespan, and our current understanding of how creatine can promote brain, heart, vascular and immune health; reduce the severity of musculoskeletal and brain injury; and may provide therapeutic benefits in glucose management and diabetes, cancer therapy, inflammatory bowel disease, and post-viral fatigue.
    Keywords: ergogenic aids ; cellular metabolism ; phosphagens ; sarcopenia ; cognition ; diabetes ; creatine synthesis deficiencies ; concussion ; traumatic brain injury ; spinal cord injury ; muscle atrophy ; rehabilitation ; pregnancy ; immunity ; anti-inflammatory ; antioxidant ; anticancer ; creatine ; nutritional supplements ; fertility ; newborn ; development ; brain injury ; post-viral fatigue syndrome ; chronic fatigue syndrome ; GAA ; creatine kinase ; dietary supplements ; exercise ; skeletal muscle ; glycemic control ; type 2 diabetes mellitus ; phosphorylcreatine ; dietary supplement ; ergogenic aid ; youth ; athletes ; osteoporosis ; osteosarcopenia ; frailty ; cachexia ; innate immunity ; adaptive immunity ; inflammation ; macrophage polarization ; cytotoxic T cells ; toll-like receptors ; vascular pathology ; cardiovascular disease ; oxidative stress ; vascular health ; female ; menstrual cycle ; hormones ; exercise performance ; menopause ; mood ; children ; height ; BMI-for-age ; stature-for-age ; growth ; phosphocreatine ; creatine transporter ; supplementation ; treatment ; heart ; heart failure ; ischemia ; myocardial infarction ; anthracycline ; cardiac toxicity ; energy metabolism ; cell survival ; bioinformatics ; systems biology ; cellular allostasis ; dynamic biosensor ; pleiotropic effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation ; inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) ; ulcerative colitis ; Crohn’s disease ; creatine kinase (CK) ; phosphocreatine (PCr) ; creatine transporter (CrT) ; intestinal epithelial cell protection ; intestinal tissue protection ; creatine perfusion ; organ transplantation ; Adenosine mono-phosphate (AMP) ; activated protein kinase (AMPK) ; liver kinase B1 (LKB1) ; mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; glucose transporter (GLUT) ; T cell antitumor immunity ; metabolic regulator ; cancer immunotherapy ; supplements ; muscle damage ; recovery ; immobilization ; atrophy ; muscular dystrophy ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Parkinson’s Disease ; cardiopulmonary disease ; mitochondrial cytopathy ; hypertrophy ; athletic performance ; weightlifting ; resistance exercise ; training ; muscular power ; muscular adaptation ; muscle fatigue ; adipose tissue ; muscle strength ; physiological adaptation ; mitochondria ; thermogenesis ; MAP kinase signaling system ; sodium-chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters ; signal transduction ; intradialytic creatine supplementation ; hemodialysis ; muscle ; protein energy wasting ; clinical trial ; muscle weakness ; chronic fatigue ; cognitive impairment ; depression ; anemia ; resistance training ; sports nutrition ; strength ; toxicity ; methylation ; hyperhomocysteinemia ; neuromodulation ; MCDA ; mitochondriopathia ; cardiac infarction ; long COVID ; hypoxia ; stroke ; neurodegenerative diseases ; noncommunicable disease ; adenosine 5′-monopnophosphate-activated protein kinase ; anthracyclines ; creatine supplementation ; cardiac signaling ; cardiotoxicity ; doxorubicin ; soy ; vegetarian/vegan diet ; amino acids ; dietary ingredients ; performance ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint is a collection of the papers from the Special Issue “Recent Advances in Thin Film Electronic Devices” in Micromachines. In this reprrint, 1 editorial and 11 original papers about recent advances in the research and development of thin film electronic devices are included. Specifically, three research fields are covered: device fundamentals (5 papers), fabrication processes (5 papers), and testing methods (1 paper). The experimental data, simulation results, and theoretical analysis presented in this reprint should benefit those researchers in flat panel displays, flat panel sensors, energy devices, memories, and so on.
    Keywords: solution method ; laser treatment ; active layer ; metal oxide semiconductor thin film transistor ; amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) ; thin-film transistor (TFT) ; positive bias stress (PBS) ; annealing atmosphere ; oxygen vacancy ; foreign material ; laser sensor ; area charge-coupled device ; color filter ; thin-film transistor ; annealing ; dielectric ; gate-all-around (GAA) ; hot-carrier injection (HCI) ; power consumption ; punch-through ; reliability ; logic transistors ; artificial synapse ; long-term synaptic plasticity ; short-term synaptic plasticity ; halide perovskite ; flexible electronics ; wrinkling ; shape-memory polymer ; lift-off ; hybrid structure ; multilayer conductive films ; wearable electronics ; band-to-band tunneling ; epitaxial growth ; ground plane region ; gate-all-around field-effect-transistors (GAA FETs) ; nanosheet FETs (NS FETs) ; parasitic channel leakage ; a-IGZO TFTs ; sub-gap states ; nitrogen-doping ; numerical simulation ; stability ; zinc oxide films ; solution-processing electronics ; Schottky barrier diodes ; semiconductor defects ; polarization filter ; photonic crystal fiber ; surface plasmon resonance ; plasmonic sensor ; silver ; electrodeposition ; ITO ; morphology ; thin films ; TiO2 ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: The book deals with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) broadly, and relevant topics such as challenges and opportunities, next-generation antibody products, Antibody-Drug-Conjugates (ADC), bispecifics, glycosylation, and T-cell engagers are covered. Each topic has been written by leading groups around the world and the book should be of interest to researchers from both academia and industry.
    Keywords: therapeutic antibody ; stability ; aggregation ; manufacture challenges ; formulation ; antibodies ; site-specific conjugation ; bioconjugates ; ADC ; antibody-drug conjugates ; payloads ; linkers ; nucleic acids ; ADME ; developability ; glycosylation ; post-translational modifications ; pharmacokinetics ; effector functions ; antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity ; complement-dependent cytotoxicity ; immunogenicity ; pharmacodynamics ; glycoengineering ; type III secretion system ; prophylaxis ; antibacterials ; antibiotics ; HIV/AIDS ; co-formulation ; high concentration ; analytical characterization ; antibody (s) ; T-cell engagers ; bispecific antibodies ; immunotherapy ; oncology ; antibody engineering ; immunological synapse ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Technologies to harvest marine renewable energies (MREs) are at a pre-commercial stage, and significant R&D progress is still required in order to improve their competitiveness. Therefore, hybridization presents a significant potential, as it fosters synergies among the different harvesting technologies and resources. In the scope of this Special Issue, hybridization is understood in three different manners: (i) combination of technologies to harvest different MREs (e.g., wave energy converters combined with wind turbines); (ii) combination of different working principles to harvest the same resource (e.g., oscillating water column with an overtopping device to harvest wave energy); or (iii) integration of harvesting technologies in multifunctional platforms and structures (e.g., integration of wave energy converters in breakwaters). This Special Issue presents cutting-edge research on the development and testing of hybrid technologies for harvesting MREs and intends to inform interested readers on the most recent advances in this key topic.
    Keywords: vertical axisymmetric floaters ; arbitrary shape ; breakwater ; diffraction and radiation problem ; hydrodynamic characteristics ; added mass ; damping coefficient ; marine renewable energy ; wind energy ; solar energy ; resource assessment ; hybrid energy systems ; power take-off damping ; wave power device ; experimental testing ; PTO simulator ; uncertainty analysis ; wave energy testing ; experimental set-up ; calibration ; Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling ; physical model testing ; Hybrid-Wave Energy Converter (HWEC) ; composite modelling approach ; Oscillating Water Column (OWC) ; Overtopping Device (OTD) ; multi-purpose breakwater ; wave power ; oscillating buoy ; power generation performance ; standing waves ; experimental research ; physical modelling ; wave energy ; breakwaters ; safety ; overtopping ; stability ; offshore wind energy ; CECO ; WindFloat Atlantic ; co-located wind–wave farm ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This edited collection explores current approaches to understanding space, time, and gravity within a quantum-theoretical framework. In most such approaches, the three-dimensional space of ordinary perception and action is physically fundamental, but is rather emergent from underlying structures or dynamics that can, in general, be described in terms of information flows. Processes such as measurement and computation are, therefore, fundamental to the notion of physical space.
    Keywords: generalized uncertainty principle ; extended uncertainty principle ; Jüttner distribution ; black hole ; contextuality ; decoherence ; quantum error-correcting code ; quantum reference frame ; system identification ; channel theory ; spacetime foam ; holography ; dark energy ; cosmic inflation ; infinite statistics ; turbulence ; higher-derivative theories ; extended Chern–Simons ; Hamiltonian formalism ; stability ; Standard Model Extension ; Lorentz violation ; Clifford algebra ; tetrad ; spinor connection ; natural coordinate system ; energy-momentum tensor ; local Lorentz transformation ; spin-gravity interaction ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue focuses on fundamental and applied research on different types of field-effect chemical sensors and biosensors. The topics include device concepts for field-effect sensors, their modeling, and theory as well as fabrication strategies. Field-effect sensors for biomedical analysis, food control, environmental monitoring, and the recording of neuronal and cell-based signals are discussed, among other factors.
    Keywords: silicon nanowire field-effect transistor ; device-to-device variation ; biosensor ; top-down fabrication ; surface modification ; nano-biosensor ; analytical model ; oxide degradation ; depletion width ; pH sensor modelling and simulations ; capacitive field-effect sensor ; on-chip integrated addressable EISCAP sensors ; control gate ; multianalyte detection ; modelling ; equivalent circuit ; potentiometry ; label-free ; cell membranes ; tight junctions ; cytotoxicity ; field-effect sensors ; chemical sensors ; biosensors ; olfactory ; taste ; biomaterials ; light-addressable potentiometric sensor ; high spatial resolution ; electron-beam-induced current ; thin sensor substrate ; chemical imaging system ; electron-beam addressable potentiometric sensor ; chemical sensor ; stainless steel ; crevice corrosion ; pH imaging ; PEDOT:PSS ; 2D materials ; stability ; gate electrode ; diffusion barrier ; LAPS ; pH sensor ; field-effect device ; photocurrent ; modulated illumination ; lock-in detection ; waveform ; square wave ; duty ratio ; charge transport ; neural networks ; Bayesian inversion ; inverse modeling ; biosensing ; potentiometric biosensor ; biologically coupled gate field-effect transistor (Bio-FET) ; ionic and biomolecular charge ; Debye length ; measurement solution ; pH response ; subthreshold slope ; semiconductive material ; integrated device ; planar junctionless FETs ; proteomics ; peptidomics ; peptide-protein interaction ; therapeutics ; diagnostics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: The present book contains the articles published in the Special Issue “Differential Equation Models in Applied Mathematics: Theoretical and Numerical Challenges” of the MDPI journal Mathematics. The Special Issue aimed to highlight old and new challenges in the formulation, solution, understanding, and interpretation of models of differential equations (DEs) in different real world applications. The technical topics covered in the seven articles published in this book include: asymptotic properties of high order nonlinear DEs, analysis of backward bifurcation, and stability analysis of fractional-order differential systems. Models oriented to real applications consider the chemotactic between cell species, the mechanism of on-off intermittency in food chain models, and the occurrence of hysteresis in marketing. Numerical aspects deal with the preservation of mass and positivity and the efficient solution of Boundary Value Problems (BVPs) for optimal control problems. I hope that this collection will be useful for those working in the area of modelling real-word applications through differential equations and those who care about an accurate numerical approximation of their solutions. The reading is also addressed to those willing to become familiar with differential equations which, due to their predictive abilities, represent the main mathematical tool for applying scenario analysis to our changing world.
    Keywords: epidemic models ; backward bifurcation ; hysteresis ; referral marketing ; self-information ; multi-domain network ; transmission conditions ; finite difference schemes ; chemotaxis ; reaction-diffusion models ; fractional differential equations ; stability ; linear systems ; multi-order systems ; Mittag–Leffler function ; on–off intermittency ; dynamical systems ; theoretical ecology ; stochastic forcing ; hastings-powell model ; food chain ; Sobolev type equation ; inverse problem ; high-order equation ; method of successive approximations ; polynomial boundedness of operator pencils ; fourth-order differential equations ; neutral delay ; oscillation ; optimal control ; indirect methods ; boundary value problems ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue will compile recent developments in the field of metal oxide thin film deposition. The articles presented in this Special Issue will cover various topics, ranging from, but not limited to, the optimization of deposition methods, thin film preparations, the functionalization of surfaces with targeted applications, nanosensors, catalysis, electronic devices, biocidal coating, and the synthesis of nanostructures via the accurate control of thin film deposition methods, among others. Topics are open to metal oxide thin film deposition and characterization for the development of applications.
    Keywords: plasma electrolytic oxidation ; electrical characteristic ; anodizing ; SEM ; aluminum ; low-temperature fabrication ; ions adsorption ; IGZO TFTs ; device performance ; oxidation ; wide-bandgap semiconductor ; α-Ga2O3 ; mist chemical vapor deposition (mist-CVD) ; carrier gas ; transparent semiconductor ; cellulose ; tribological performance ; stability ; MAO (micro-arc oxidation) coating ; self-lubricating ; gadolinium cobaltites ; atomic layer deposition ; β-diketonates ; ozone ; preferential crystal growth orientation ; high-aspect-ratio substrate ; metal oxide thin films ; ALD ; crystallography ; epitaxy ; NiTiO3 ; tin oxide ; thin films ; atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition transport properties ; magnetoresistance ; impedance spectroscopy ; charge carrier mobility ; dynamic hot-probe measurements ; indium-tin oxide ; aluminum-zinc oxide ; magnetron co-sputtering ; bismuth ferrite ; La-doping ; piezoelectricity ; sol–gel ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The study of oscillatory phenomena is an important part of the theory of differential equations. Oscillations naturally occur in virtually every area of applied science including, e.g., mechanics, electrical, radio engineering, and vibrotechnics. This Special Issue includes 19 high-quality papers with original research results in theoretical research, and recent progress in the study of applied problems in science and technology. This Special Issue brought together mathematicians with physicists, engineers, as well as other scientists. Topics covered in this issue: Oscillation theory; Differential/difference equations; Partial differential equations; Dynamical systems; Fractional calculus; Delays; Mathematical modeling and oscillations.
    Keywords: odd-order differential equations ; Kneser solutions ; oscillatory solutions ; deviating argument ; fourth order ; differential equation ; oscillation ; advanced differential equations ; p-Laplacian equations ; comparison theorem ; oscillation criteria ; thrid-order ; delay differential equations ; oscillations ; Riccati transformations ; fourth-order delay equations ; differential operator ; unit disk ; univalent function ; analytic function ; subordination ; q-calculus ; fractional calculus ; fractional differential equation ; q-differential equation ; second order ; neutral differential equation ; (1/G′)-expansion method ; the Zhiber-Shabat equation ; (G′/G,1/G)-expansion method ; traveling wave solutions ; exact solutions ; Adomian decomposition method ; Caputo operator ; Natural transform ; Fornberg–Whitham equations ; generalized proportional fractional operator ; nonoscillatory behavior ; damping and forcing terms ; Volterra integral equations ; operational matrix of integration ; multi-wavelets ; time scales ; functional dynamic equations ; highly oscillatory integral ; Chebyshev polynomial ; nearly singular ; Levin quadrature rule ; adaptive mesh refinement ; la Cierva’s autogiro ; la Cierva’s equation ; stability ; differential equation with periodic coefficients ; interpolating scaling functions ; hyperbolic equation ; Galerkin method ; higher-order ; neutral delay ; center of mass ; conformal metric ; geodesic ; hyperbolic lever law ; non-canonical differential equations ; second-order ; mixed type ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This special issue of Molecules is dedicated to Professor Julian Chojnowski on the occasion of his 85th birthday for his outstanding achievements in the field of organosilicon chemistry. This issue contains one review and eleven original articles written by eminent experts on various aspects of silicon polymer chemistry, which reflect the tireless passion of Professor Chojnowski to the development of organosilicon chemistry.
    Keywords: spherosilicate ; limonene ; hydrosilylation ; polylactide ; 3D printing ; FDM ; FFF ; injection moulding ; rheology ; thermal analysis ; anticancer conjugates ; polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes ; anthracyclines ; silicone elastomers ; stability ; network structure ; condensation curing ; reinforcing cross-linker domains ; coatings ; silicone polymers ; Piers–Chojnowski–Rubinsztajn–Kawakami reaction ; chain extension by Si-H hydrolysis ; siloxane metathesis ; D3 synthesis ; N-alkyl phosphoranimines ; polyphosphazenes ; phosphoramidate esters ; fluoride ; trifluoroethoxide ; N-methylimidazole initiators ; anionic ; chain-capping agents ; polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (SQs) ; click chemistry ; CuAAC ; coordination compounds ; bidentate ligand ; functionalized polysiloxanes ; hydrophobic ; antimicrobial properties ; THEOS ; MeTHEOS ; chitosan ; stone conservation ; siliceous and calcareous stones ; hybrid polymers ; ring-opening polymerization ; contact lenses ; breathable films ; membranes ; high elongation elastomers ; biomimetic polymers ; photoresists ; polylithium initiator ; multiarm stars ; anionic polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane ; carbosilane dendrimers ; rigid polyurethane foams ; POSS-Cl ; flame retardants ; porous composite ; mechanical properties ; hydrophobicity ; Piers-Rubinsztajn catalyst ; surfactant-free polymerization ; polydimethylsiloxane ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The use of lipid-based nanosystems, including lipid nanoparticles (solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)), nanoemulsions, and liposomes, among others, is widespread. Several researchers have described the advantages of different applications of these nanosystems. For instance, they can increase the targeting and bioavailability of drugs, improving therapeutic effects. Their use in the cosmetic field is also promising, owing to their moisturizing properties and ability to protect labile cosmetic actives. Thus, it is surprising that only a few lipid-based nanosystems have reached the market. This can be explained by the strict regulatory requirements of medicines and the occurrence of unexpected in vivo failure, which highlights the need to conduct more preclinical studies.Current research is focused on testing the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo efficacy of lipid-based nanosystems to predict their clinical performance. However, there is a lack of method validation, which compromises the comparison between different studies.This book brings together the latest research and reviews that report on in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo preclinical studies using lipid-based nanosystems. Readers can find up-to-date information on the most common experiments performed to predict the clinical behavior of lipid-based nanosystems. A series of 15 research articles and a review are presented, with authors from 15 different countries, which demonstrates the universality of the investigations that have been carried out in this area.
    Keywords: nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) ; formulation optimization ; rivastigmine ; quality by design (QbD) ; nasal route ; nose-to-brain ; N-alkylisatin ; liposome ; urokinase plasminogen activator ; PAI-2 ; SerpinB2 ; breast cancer ; liposomes ; target delivery nanosystem ; FZD10 protein ; colon cancer therapy ; supersaturation ; silica-lipid hybrid ; spray drying ; lipolysis ; lipid-based formulation ; fenofibrate ; mesoporous silica ; oral drug delivery ; hyaluronic acid ; drug release ; light activation ; stability ; mobility ; biocorona ; dissolution enhancement ; phospholipids ; solid dosage forms ; porous microparticles ; nanoemulsion(s) ; phase-behavior ; DoE ; D-optimal design ; vegetable oils ; non-ionic surfactants ; efavirenz ; flaxseed oil ; nanostructured lipid carriers ; nanocarrier ; docohexaenoic acid ; neuroprotection ; neuroinflammation ; fluconazole ; Box‒Behnken design ; nanotransfersome ; ulcer index ; zone of inhibition ; rheological behavior ; ex vivo permeation ; nanomedicine ; cancer ; doxorubicin ; melanoma ; drug delivery ; ultrasound contrast agents ; phospholipid coating ; ligand distribution ; cholesterol ; acoustic response ; microbubble ; lipid phase ; dialysis ; ammonia ; intoxication ; cyanocobalamin ; vitamin B12 ; atopic dermatitis ; psoriasis ; transferosomes ; lipid vesicles ; skin topical delivery ; oligonucleotide ; self-emulsifying drug delivery systems ; hydrophobic ion pairing ; intestinal permeation enhancers ; Caco-2 monolayer ; clarithromycin ; solid lipid nanoparticles ; optimization ; permeation ; pharmacokinetics ; follicular targeting ; dexamethasone ; alopecia areata ; lipomers ; lipid polymer hybrid nanocapsules ; biodistribution ; skin ; ethyl cellulose ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Contemporary exploitation of natural raw materials by borehole, opencast, underground, seabed, and anthropogenic deposits is closely related to, among others, geomechanics, automation, computer science, and numerical methods. More and more often, individual fields of science coexist and complement each other, contributing to lowering exploitation costs, increasing production, and reduction of the time needed to prepare and exploit the deposit. The continuous development of national economies is related to the increasing demand for energy, metal, rock, and chemical resources. Very often, exploitation is carried out in complex geological and mining conditions, which are accompanied by natural hazards such as rock bursts, methane, coal dust explosion, spontaneous combustion, water, gas, and temperature. In order to conduct a safe and economically justified operation, modern construction materials are being used more and more often in mining to support excavations, both under static and dynamic loads. The individual production stages are supported by specialized computer programs for cutting the deposit as well as for modeling the behavior of the rock mass after excavation in it. Currently, the automation and monitoring of the mining works play a very important role, which will significantly contribute to the improvement of safety conditions. In this Special Issue of Energies, we focus on innovative laboratory, numerical, and industrial research that has a positive impact on the development of safety and exploitation in mining.
    Keywords: strainburst ; local mine stiffness ; yielding rockbolt ; numerical modeling ; distinct element method ; underground mining ; rock properties ; cutting ; conical picks ; abrasive wear ; coal ; adsorption ; water vapour ; methanol vapour ; saturated hydrocarbons ; unsaturated hydrocarbons ; coal mining ; transport and assembly manipulator ; stability ; safety ; work ergonomics ; arch yielding support ; fault ; minimal section method ; RS3 ; hard rock mine ; sill pillar recovery ; upper bench level ; ground settlement ; tangential stress criteria ; burst potential index (BPI) ; simplification fitting ; discharge capacity ; window type ; draining well ; empirical formula ; back-calculation in geomechanics ; rock mechanics ; room and pillar mining system ; non-linear regression ; COVID-19 ; pandemic ; mining company ; epidemic emergency ; prevention ; good practices ; adjacent working face ; abandoned roadway ; stress evolution ; numerical simulation ; field monitoring ; rock mass stability ; copper ore mining ; hydrogen ; storage ; active carbon ; reliability ; fault diagnosis ; predictive maintenance ; machine learning ; lifetime distributions ; impact hammers ; industrial robotics ; autonomous mining ; blasting ; explosives ; detonation velocity ; artificial intelligence (AI) ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; underground coal mines ; methane prediction ; real-time ; time series prediction ; modified long short-term memory ; energy transformation ; Green Deal ; InnoEnergy ; innovative education initiatives ; European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The practice of regular physical activity has been proposed as a determinant in many disciplines, from wellness to physiotherapy; in fact, it reduces the risks of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Moreover, physical exercise decreases the incidence of some types of cancer, such as breast and colon cancer. Finally, rehabilitation protocols need correct exercise training to reach the complete “return to play” of patients. Unfortunately, the mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects of physical activity are still under study. Therefore, advances in all aspects of sport and exercise medicine will be relevant for physicians, recreational sport practitioners and elite athletes. This was the aim of this Special Issue, “New trends in sport and exercise medicine”, which achieved great success. Sixteen papers have been published, which are briefly described below. They range from mobile applications in physiotherapy to changes in bioactive lipids in half-marathoners. However, sport and exercise medicine are broad subjects and require more papers to clarify their different aspects. Therefore, we proposed a new Special Issue to continue on this path and gain new insights into sport and exercise medicine.
    Keywords: rehabilitation ; compliance ; anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) ; range of motion (ROM) ; self-efficacy ; behavioral design ; gamification ; microparticles ; microvesicles ; extracellular vesicles ; molecular markers ; cell–cell communication ; physical exercise ; physical activity ; angiogenesis ; secretome ; paracrine signaling ; cellular crosstalk ; ginseng ; performance ; recovery ; eccentric exercise ; inflammation ; allometry ; standing broad jump ; children ; growth ; maturity offset ; bench pull ; vertical jump ; power ; talent detection ; training ; insertional Achilles tendinopathy ; Achilles tendon moment arm ; suture bridge method ; cool-down strategy ; heart rate ; fatigue perception ; muscle strain ; quadriceps ; football ; invasive physiotherapy ; post-injury performance ; reinjury ; return to play ; autonomic nervous system ; cardiac autonomic regulation ; cardiorespiratory fitness ; daily training ; endurance ; secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (Sparc) ; exercise ; muscle performance ; metabolic phenotype ; lactate ; ageing ; high-impact weight-bearing exercise ; bone mineral density ; bone metabolic markers ; serum 25-(OH) D ; middle-aged premenopausal women ; ROS ; signal transduction ; aging ; air pollution ; lungs ; skeletal muscle mass ; muscular strength ; anaerobic power ; arterial stiffness ; cholinesterases ; heart rate variability ; autonomic recovery mechanisms ; sympathetic–parasympathetic modulation ; postexercise recovery ; ceramides ; cytokines ; diacylglycerol ; biomarkers ; n/a
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Emerging wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors hold the potential to advance the global industry in the same way that, more than 50 years ago, the invention of the silicon (Si) chip enabled the modern computer era. SiC- and GaN-based devices are starting to become more commercially available. Smaller, faster, and more efficient than their counterpart Si-based components, these WBG devices also offer greater expected reliability in tougher operating conditions. Furthermore, in this frame, a new class of microelectronic-grade semiconducting materials that have an even larger bandgap than the previously established wide bandgap semiconductors, such as GaN and SiC, have been created, and are thus referred to as “ultra-wide bandgap” materials. These materials, which include AlGaN, AlN, diamond, Ga2O3, and BN, offer theoretically superior properties, including a higher critical breakdown field, higher temperature operation, and potentially higher radiation tolerance. These attributes, in turn, make it possible to use revolutionary new devices for extreme environments, such as high-efficiency power transistors, because of the improved Baliga figure of merit, ultra-high voltage pulsed power switches, high-efficiency UV-LEDs, and electronics. This Special Issue aims to collect high quality research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on wide bandgap device design, fabrication, and advanced characterization. The Special Issue will also publish selected papers from the 43rd Workshop on Compound Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits, held in France (WOCSDICE 2019), which brings together scientists and engineers working in the area of III–V, and other compound semiconductor devices and integrated circuits.
    Keywords: GaN ; high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) ; ultra-wide band gap ; GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) ; composition-graded AlxGa1−xN electron blocking layer (EBL) ; electron leakage ; GaN laser diode ; distributed feedback (DFB) ; surface gratings ; sidewall gratings ; AlGaN/GaN ; proton irradiation ; time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) ; reliability ; normally off ; power cycle test ; SiC micro-heater chip ; direct bonded copper (DBC) substrate ; Ag sinter paste ; wide band-gap (WBG) ; thermal resistance ; amorphous InGaZnO ; thin-film transistor ; nitrogen-doping ; buried-channel ; stability ; 4H-SiC ; turn-off loss ; ON-state voltage ; breakdown voltage (BV) ; IGBT ; wide-bandgap semiconductor ; high electron mobility transistors ; vertical gate structure ; normally-off operation ; gallium nitride ; asymmetric multiple quantum wells ; barrier thickness ; InGaN laser diodes ; optical absorption loss ; electron leakage current ; wide band gap semiconductors ; numerical simulation ; terahertz Gunn diode ; grooved-anode diode ; Gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) ; vertical breakdown voltage ; buffer trapping effect ; gallium nitride (GaN) ; power switching device ; active power filter (APF) ; power quality (PQ) ; metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistor (MIS-HEMT) ; recessed gate ; double barrier ; high-electron-mobility transistors ; copper metallization ; millimeter wave ; wide bandgap semiconductors ; flexible devices ; silver nanoring ; silver nanowire ; polyol method ; cosolvent ; tungsten trioxide film ; spin coating ; optical band gap ; morphology ; electrochromism ; self-align ; hierarchical nanostructures ; ZnO nanorod/NiO nanosheet ; photon extraction efficiency ; photonic emitter ; wideband ; HEMT ; power amplifier ; jammer system ; GaN 5G ; high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) ; new radio ; RF front-end ; AESA radars ; transmittance ; distortions ; optimization ; GaN-on-GaN ; schottky barrier diodes ; high-energy α-particle detection ; low voltage ; thick depletion width detectors ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Sustainability, defined as ‘meeting current needs without compromising the future’, is a widely accepted goal across many sectors of society. Sustainability’s criteria and indicators often only regard sustaining present conditions through increased resilience, intended as a system’s capacity to experience shocks while retaining essentially the same functions and structures. However, new sustainability concepts, sometimes referred to as “sustainagility”, also consider the properties and assets of a system that sustains the ability (agility) of agents to adapt and meet their needs in new ways, preparing for future unpredictability and unforeseen changes. Therefore, resilience must coexist with adaptive capacity for real, long-term sustainability. Consumers are paying increasing attention to the sustainability of the food supply chain; thus, sustainable development is necessary for all food processes. Since the olive oil sector has a well-established historical tradition, any change and innovation that aims to obtain a sustainable development not only needs to be analyzed in terms of environmental, economic, and social aspects, it should also be significantly improved and closely monitored. Thus, this Special Issue is a collection of papers that can increase sustainability knowledge in the olive-oil-processing chain, to take a significant step forward in future developments.
    Keywords: extra virgin olive oil ; authentication ; chemometrics ; proton NMR ; carbon NMR ; machine learning ; artificial neural networks ; PLS-DA ; olive leaf polyphenols ; encapsulation ; functional food ; mayonnaise ; alginate/pectin beads ; phenolic extract ; food enrichment ; olive leaves ; organic ; local ; consumer attitude ; up-cycled ingredients ; by-products ; generational differences ; virgin olive oil ; organic production ; harvesting method ; harvesting time ; volatile compounds ; olive by-product ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; olive leaf ; pomace ; olive wastewater ; clones ; minor accessions ; olive oil ; quality ; olive landrace ; ripening ; harvest season ; antioxidants ; minor compounds ; oil quality ; circular economy ; environmental impact ; global warming ; valorization of waste ; phenolic compounds ; acidic hydrolysis ; derivative UV spectroscopy ; green chemistry ; screening methods ; health claim ; antioxidant activity ; olive mill wastewaters ; reactive oxygen species ; vascular cells ; breadsticks ; gluten-free ; olive oil by-products ; oxidation stability ; electronic nose ; accelerated shelf-life tests ; transparent plastic material ; metallized material ; brown-amber glass ; oxidation ; stability ; packaging ; olive oil quality ; life cycle assessment ; biocompounds ; shelf life ; environmental sustainability ; biscuits ; gluten-free breadsticks ; salad dressing ; vegan mayonnaise ; waste recovery ; choice experiment (CE) ; extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) ; willingness to pay (WTP) ; country of origin ; organic food ; consumer preferences ; sustainable food system ; authenticity ; biodiversity ; differential scanning calorimetry ; color ; chlorophyll ; geographical origin ; botanical origin ; principal component analysis ; anaerobic codigestion ; biomethane ; life cycle assessment (LCA) ; life cycle costing (LCC) ; olive mill by-products ; olive composition ; olive cultivars ; olive ripening ; PLS regression model ; portable device ; quality parameters ; sustainability ; Olea europaea ; kaolin ; zeolitite ; foliar treatments ; sustainable agriculture ; crop defense ; autochthonous cultivars ; molecular fingerprinting ; polyphenol content ; gene expression ; fruit developmental stages ; n/a ; olive storage duration ; oil chemical composition ; sensory properties ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The papers included in this issue vary from research on pregnancy outcomes to screening and diagnosis of GDM, the use of new biomarkers, and the evaluation of long-term metabolic risk and intervention strategies postpartum in mothers and offspring.
    Keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus ; treatment ; education ; group education ; long-term metabolic outcome ; offspring ; overweight ; obesity ; adiposity ; glucose intolerance ; abnormal glucose tolerance ; insulin resistance ; glucose tolerance ; Mediterranean diet ; nutritional intervention ; pregnancy nutrition ; biomarker ; insulin secretion ; pregnancy ; secretagogin ; gestational diabetes ; fetal ultrasound ; fetal anthropometry ; pregnancy outcomes ; neonatal complications ; type 2 diabetes mellitus ; postpartum ; lifestyle intervention ; mobile-based ; bariatric surgery ; pregnancy outcome ; glucose homeostasis ; gastric bypass ; sleeve gastrectomy ; small-for-gestational age ; self-monitoring of blood glucose ; continuous glucose monitoring ; Institute of Medicine ; weight gain ; length of follow-up ; oral glucose tolerance test ; reproducibility ; diabetes ; hyperglycemia in pregnancy ; early gestational diabetes ; fetal malformations ; Australian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society (ADIPS) ; Australian Diabetes Society (ADS) ; COVID-19 ; pandemic ; Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZOG) ; GDM ; recurrence ; insulin sensitivity ; (early) pregnancy ; growth ; glucose ; LGA ; maternal health ; child health ; OGTT ; meal tolerance test ; postprandial ; early screening ; protein biomarker ; epidemiology ; twins ; pre-existing diabetes ; prevalence ; trends ; perinatal outcomes ; n/a
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: This volume was conceived as a Special Issue of the MDPI journal Mathematics to illustrate and show relevant applications of differential equations in different fields, coherently with the latest trends in applied mathematics research. All the articles that were submitted for publication are valuable, interesting, and original. The readers will certainly appreciate the heterogeneity of the 10 papers included in this book and will discover how helpful all the kinds of differential equations are in a wide range of disciplines. We are confident that this book will be inspirational for young scholars as well.
    Keywords: q-Hermite polynomials ; zeros of q-Hermite polynomials ; differential equation ; splitted separation ; Lie symmetries ; gauss hypergeometric functions ; initial value problem ; Kepler-type orbits ; Runge–Kutta ; differential evolution ; dynamical systems ; stability ; economics ; relationships ; networks ; oscillatory problems ; SEIR ODE model ; COVID-19 transmission ; convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT) ; degeneracy ; elliptic PDE ; ladder operator ; commuting operator ; eigenvalues ; mixing process ; simultaneous differential equations ; variable production rate ; simulated annealing ; financial markets ; investment style ; border collision bifurcation ; fundamental analysis ; technical analysis ; market maker ; differential equations with discontinuous right-hand sides ; Hopfield artificial neural networks ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: Food allergy, a specific immune response that occurs reproducibly upon exposure to a food allergen, is an increasing public health problem, causing a significant burden for affected patients, resulting in dietary restrictions, fear of accidental ingestions and related risk of severe reactions, and reduced quality of life. Clinical presentation ranges from mild to life-threatening symptoms. Component-resolved diagnosis with recombinant allergens has improved the diagnosis and, consequently, clinical management. Currently, there is no specific treatment for food allergy, so the only available management is limited to strict dietary avoidance, education on prompt recognition of symptoms, and emergency treatment of adverse reaction. In parallel, novel knowledge on the pathogenesis of food allergy is opening the way to new trials investigating several allergen-specific and allergen non-specific therapies, aiming to prevent the development of food allergy and acquire a persistent food tolerance.
    Keywords: children ; adolescents ; eosinophilic esophagitis ; eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders ; growth ; failure to thrive ; malnutrition ; undernutrition ; obesity ; vitamin ; non-IgE gastrointestinal food allergy ; fecal biomarkers ; IgG and IgG4 ; allergen-specific lymphocyte stimulation test ; oral food challenge ; atopy patch test ; clinical score ; endoscopy ; reflux ; GER ; GERD ; cow’s milk allergy ; CMA ; infants ; hydrolyzed formula ; alginate ; thickened formula ; cross-reaction ; flour ; food allergy ; individualized diagnostics ; legumes ; lupine ; lipid transfer protein ; peanut ; profilin ; hazelnut ; hypersensitivity ; component-resolved diagnostics ; Cor a 1 ; Cor a 14 ; Cor a 9 ; IgE ; allergy ; environmental factors ; primary prevention ; functional abdominal pain disorders ; functional dyspepsia ; irritable bowel syndrome ; allergen ; sensitization ; Gly m 4 ; Caco-2/Immune cells co-culture ; cytokine ; nsLTP ; plant-food allergy ; Pru p 3 ; peach ; nut ; Rosaceae fruit ; ISAC ; monoclonal antibodies ; biologics ; adults ; almond ; almond allergens ; nutrition ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Environmental conditions and nutritional stress may greatly affect crop performance. Abiotic stresses such as temperature (cold, heat), water (drought, flooding), irradiance, salinity, nutrients, and heavy metals can strongly affect plant growth dynamics and the yield and quality of horticultural products. Such effects have become of greater importance during the course of global climate change. Different strategies and techniques can be used to detect, investigate, and mitigate the effects of environmental and nutritional stress. Horticultural crop management is moving towards digitized, precision management through wireless remote-control solutions, but data analysis, although a traditional approach, remains the basis of stress detection and crop management. This Special Issue summarizes the recent progress in agronomic management strategies to detect and reduce environmental and nutritional stress effects on the yield and quality of horticultural crops.
    Keywords: Capsicum annuum ; heat units ; plant population density ; hail damage ; baby corn ; non-leguminous cover crops ; chopping ; baby corn yield ; baby corn quality ; kharif season ; Thuja standishii × plicata ; container production ; nursery production ; volumetric water content ; vegetables ; water deficit ; climate change ; polyols ; minerals ; flavonoids ; carotenoids ; salinity ; evapotranspiration ; leaching fraction ; calcium ; cactus pear ; GA3 ; injection application ; spraying application ; lignification ; photosynthesis ; chlorophyll ; proline ; ion leakage ; susceptibility ; electrical conductivity ; greenhouse ; image processing ; nutrient stress ; remote sensing ; Bradyrhizobium ; temperature-dependent distribution ; nodule composition ; proliferation in soil ; infection ; French bean ; mangetout ; peas ; antioxidant ; ascorbic acid ; total phenolic content ; mineral composition ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; Bradyrhizobium elkanii ; temperature effects ; growth ; competitive infection ; biochemical constituents ; β-carotene ; vitamins ; micro-nutrients ; growing environments ; Brix ; TAcy ; nitrogen ; potassium ; compositional data ; cranberry yield parameters ; firmness ; local diagnosis ; redundancy analysis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Professor Tribelsky's accomplishments are highly appreciated by the international community. The best indications of this are the high citation rates of his publications, and the numerous awards and titles he has received. He has made numerous fundamental contributions to an extremely broad area of physics and mathematics, including (but not limited to) quantum solid-state physics, various problems in light–matter interaction, liquid crystals, physical hydrodynamics, nonlinear waves, pattern formation in nonequilibrium systems and transition to chaos, bifurcation and probability theory, and even predictions of the dynamics of actual market prices. This book presents several extensions of his results, based on his inspiring publications.
    Keywords: coffee-ring ; micro phase-segregation ; transition of drying pattern ; membranes ; vibration modes ; color reflective displays ; phase-change materials ; structural color ; polymers ; knots ; unknot probability ; nonlinear diffusion ; traveling waves ; stability ; Goldstone modes ; Schrödinger equation ; spectrum of low-exited states ; Mie scattering ; superchirality ; circular dichroism ; T-matrix ; incompressible fluid ; vortical flow ; vector-potential ; vorticity ; Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou (FPUT) problem ; normal modes ; resonances ; secular avalanche ; nonlinear dynamics ; quantum chaos ; mixed-type systems ; energy level statistics ; billiards ; lemon billiards ; optical force ; graded plasmonic material ; core-shell particle ; optical gain ; scale-free networks ; Apollonian network ; random planar graphs ; generating functions ; Ginzburg-Landau equations ; thermal convection ; quasiperiodic patterns ; evolutionary dynamics ; mutations ; agent-based modeling ; somatic evolution ; computational methods ; mathematical modeling ; magnetohydrodynamics ; dynamo theory ; rigorous bounds ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The book documents 25 papers collected from the Special Issue “Advances in Condition Monitoring, Optimization and Control for Complex Industrial Processes”, highlighting recent research trends in complex industrial processes. The book aims to stimulate the research field and be of benefit to readers from both academic institutes and industrial sectors.
    Keywords: process control ; separation ; oil and gas ; control chart ; fuzzy logic ; neutrosophic statistic ; incomplete data ; belief statistic ; gamma distribution ; microalgae ; raceway ; control problem ; PID ; event-based ; flexible flow shop scheduling ; multi-queue limited buffers ; improved compact genetic algorithm ; probability density function of the Gaussian distribution ; transfer bees optimizer ; reinforcement learning ; behavior transfer ; state-action chains ; reactive power optimization ; Holmquist–Johnson–Cook constitutive model of briquette ; parameter acquisition ; split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment ; numerical simulation ; pressure swing distillation ; full-heat integration ; acetonitrile ; water ; distributed model predictive control ; steam power plant ; steam/water loop ; multi-input and multi-output system ; loop design ; optimal nonlinear adaptive control ; memetic salp swarm algorithm ; voltage source converter ; perturbation observer ; hardware experiment ; MIMO temperature control in heating process system ; pole-zero cancelation ; temperature difference ; transient response ; dead time ; slow-mode-based control ; multi-input multi-output (MIMO) temperature system ; temperature differences ; non-pillar ; gob-side entry retaining by roof cutting ; close distance coal seams ; goaf ; stress distribution ; semiconductor bonding equipment-grouping method ; graph theory ; association matrix ; CFSFDP algorithm ; self-learning ; variable geometry turbocharger ; deep reinforcement learning ; deep deterministic policy gradient ; flexible flow shop ; limited buffer ; public buffer ; Hopfield neural network ; local scheduling ; simulated annealing algorithm ; load identification ; EWT ; multiscale fuzzy entropy ; PNN ; Hybrid Attack Graph ; Level-of-Resilience ; stability ; topology ; distributed generation (DG) ; INSGA-II ; multi-objective optimization ; potential crowding distance ; static and dynamic planning ; data-driven methods ; coarse model ; refrigeration ; tunnel boring machine ; roadway supporting ; constitutive model ; failure criterion ; in-situ monitoring ; power systems ; complex network theory ; Fast–Newman algorithm ; link-addition strategy ; cascading failures ; flotation process ; reagent dosage ; time series froth image ; cumulative distribution function ; fault diagnosis ; fault classification ; fast Fourier transform (FFT) ; multi-linear principal component analysis (MPCA) ; uncorrelated multi-linear principal component analysis (UMPCA) ; additive white Gaussian noises (AWGN) ; wind turbine systems ; deviation control ; drilling machine ; nonlinear adaptive backstepping controller disturbance observer ; parameter uncertainties ; wind turbine ; energy conversion systems ; condition monitoring ; fault prognosis ; resilient control ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: In the early years of life, the environments that interact with a child—including families, schools, and communities—play a key role in the child’s brain development. Early child development and overall children’s developmental trajectories have long-term implications for health, happiness, and earning potential as these children become adults. Importantly, failing to reach developmental potential contributes to global cycles of poverty, inequality, and social exclusion. There is little public understanding of the importance of a child’s first years and the critical developmental opportunity to reach optimal functioning. As such, global data on early child developments are crucial to inform the public and demand evidence-based policies and high-quality programs for children around the world. This book includes initiatives assessing the impact of programs and interventions related to children’s health, education, and participation that inform evidence-based policies worldwide. Importantly, this book raises global awareness of the importance of children’s first years of life and the crucial role of child–environment interactions where the child lives, plays, and grows. The culturally diverse content comprises international representation of studies and classifications tools. International experts contributed high-quality reviews that collate valuable information and guide the adoption of a rights-based approach in early child development globally.
    Keywords: child development ; motor skills ; vision disorders ; evaluation ; physical therapy ; optometry ; congenital Zika syndrome ; user participation ; mobility ; intervention ; child vocabulary ; maternal mental health ; Peru ; routines ; intervention planning ; collaborative consultation ; international ; implementation ; developmental delay ; child health ; birth weight ; growth measurement ; responsive caregiving ; parent–child interaction ; observational measurement ; thin slice methodology ; low- and middle-income countries ; Brazil ; functioning ; outcomes ; education ; measurement ; child development assessment ; academic achievement ; educational attainment ; wealth/socioeconomic status ; COVID-19 ; participation ; Routines-Based Model ; family-centered ; child ; pandemic ; teleintervention ; abilities ; rights ; children with cerebral palsy ; agreement ; stability ; communication function classification system ; early child development ; ICF ; health ; inequality ; potential ; disability ; absent learners ; biological mothers ; first 1000 days ; Foundation phase ; Early Development Instrument ; developmental health ; social determinants of health ; autism spectrum disorder ; measure ; assessment ; complex communication needs ; severe physical disabilities ; eye-gaze controlled computer ; communicative interaction ; n/a ; indicators ; global health ; validation ; cross-cultural ; cross-linguistic ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In the research on environmental hydraulics, its turbulence, and its sediment transport, constant challenges have been faced. The complexity of hydraulic impacts on sediment transport and turbulent flow properties makes research in this area a difficult task. However, due to pressure from climate change and the mounting issue of pollution, environmental flow studies are more crucial than ever. Bedforming within rivers is a complex process that can be influenced by the hydraulics, vegetated field, and various suspended and bedload transports. Changes in flow conditions due to rain and flood can further complicate a hydraulic system. To date, the turbulence, morphologic, and bedforming characteristics of natural environmental flows are still not well understood. This book aims to bring together a collection of state-of-the-art research and technologies to form a useful guide for the related research and engineering communities. It may be useful for authorities, researchers, and environmental, civil, and water engineers to understand the current state-of-the-art practices in environmental flow modelling, measurement, and management. It may also be a good resource for research, post-, or undergraduate students who wish to know about the most up-to-date knowledge in this field.
    Keywords: ADV ; bed-mounted horizontal cylinder ; gravel-bed ; sand-bed ; turbulence ; wake region ; floating structure ; hydrodynamic moment ; finite flowing water ; physical model tests ; statistical diagnosis ; bridge pier ; flat and eroded bed ; flow field ; velocity profile measurements ; wave ; current ; sediment ; maintenance dredging ; Nagan Raya ; unsaturated soil ; stability ; consolidation ; self-preservation in wall-wake ; circular pipe ; velocity deficit ; RSS deficit ; turbulence intensities deficit ; third-order correlations ; suspended sediment concentration ; dilute-hyper concentration ; Rouse number ; velocity lag ; bursting phenomena ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 140
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This second edition of the Special Issue “Marine Bioactive Peptides: Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Potential - II” published papers on up-to-date information regarding isolation, structural elucidation, functional characterization, and therapeutic potential evaluation of peptides isolated from marine organisms. Chemical synthesis and biotechnological production of marine peptides and their mimetics will also be a focus of this Special Issue. In addition, this Special Issue will publish new results arising from a peptidomic approach. 24 Papers were accepted and included in the first issue, which we published as a Special Issue book (https://www.mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/1742). Following the success of the first Special Issue, as Guest Editor, I invite researchers in the field to contribute to the second edition entitled " Marine Bioactive Peptides: Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Potential - II] ".
    Keywords: Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorous niphonius) ; muscle ; peptide ; antioxidant activity ; stability ; biological activity ; chemistry ; marine derived fungi ; peptides ; biotransformation ; laxaphycin ; autophagy ; apoptosis ; cyanobacteria ; bioactive peptides ; marine ; secondary structure ; proline ; mechanism of activity ; marine waste ; antimicrobial peptide ; polychaeta ; innate immunity ; BRICHOS domain ; recombinant peptide ; β-hairpin structure ; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) ; arenicin ; complement system ; complement regulation ; jellyfish ; Rhopilema esculentum ; Sanderia malayensis ; proteome ; venom ; toxin ; hydrolysate ; fish protein ; ageing ; physical function ; dietary assessment ; seafood intake ; healthy ageing ; marine organism ; anticancer medicine ; small peptide ; liner peptide ; cyclic peptide ; marine peptide ; dolastatin 10 ; antitumor ; lead exploration ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 141
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: This reprint contains thirteen contributions on recent advances in the field of anthocyanins and other vegetal pigments and state-of-the-art extraction methods applied to different matrices. The interdisciplinary character of the subject and the breadth of the contents presented by the authors make this book very interesting and comprehensive. This reprint covers different topics such as the most modern and cutting-edge methods for the analysis and extraction of anthocyanins, their geographical variability, the improvement and protection of their antioxidant properties, the valorization of by-products, stability studies and the metabolomics of chlorophylls and carotenoids, all of which are the subject of research and review in this reprint.
    Keywords: maqui berry extract ; preservation methods ; antioxidant activity ; polyphenols and anthocyanins content ; oxidative stress ; inflammation ; RAW 264.7 cells ; HT-29 cells ; inflammatory bowel disease ; anthocyanins ; Box-Behnken design ; purple potato ; red potato ; Solanum tuberosum ; ultrasound-assisted extraction ; optimization ; UHPLC ; DPPH ; antioxidants ; carotenoids ; chlorophylls ; extraction methods ; novel analytical technologies ; metabolomics ; mass spectrometry ; metabolism ; pathways ; pigments ; Diospyros kaki ; in vitro digestion ; probiotic bacterial fermentation ; bioactive compounds ; Allium cepa L. ; Box–Behnken ; onion ; phenolic compounds ; non-thermal technologies ; grapes ; wine ; HHP ; UHPH ; PEFs ; US ; irradiation ; stability ; degradation ; health benefit ; cranberry ; anthocyanidin ; UPLC ; Vaccinium macrocarpon ; non-conventional extraction techniques ; anthocyanin yields ; industrial application ; anthocyanin ; phenylalanine ; prohydrojasmon ; flavonoids ; mango ; apples ; preharvest ; red color ; fruit quality ; blood oranges ; bilberry ; natural habitats ; polyphenol ; different geographical locations ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 142
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: This is a reprint of the Special Issue "Cyclodextrin Chemistry and Toxicology”. This is a collection of eleven articles and three reviews that was published in Molecules that provides an overview of the applications of cyclodextrins, implements the information regarding the use of cyclodextrins and their inclusion complexes, considering both experimental and theorists approaches and using various scientific and technological tools.
    Keywords: cyclodextrin ; sulfamethazine ; zwitterion ; host-guest complex ; thermodynamics ; nanosponges ; β-cyclodextrin ; glutathione ; cancer ; multicellular spheroids ; inclusion complexes ; solubilization ; nanosponge ; nanocarriers ; pharmaceutical applications ; molecular recognition phenomena ; molecular dynamics simulations ; drug delivery ; drug concentration ; dyeing ; textile finishing ; textile wastewater ; cyclodextrins ; HPβCD ; budesonide ; inflammation ; ROS ; Akt ; HDAC ; cholesterol ; medical imaging ; contrast agents ; α-cyclodextrin ; γ-cyclodextrin ; MRI ; PET ; CT ; SPECT ; PAI ; Cinnamomum osmophloeum ; linalool ; microencapsulation ; cyclodextrin inclusion ; solution-phase ; solid state ; antiretroviral ; 3-hydroxyflavone (3HF) ; γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) ; excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) ; molecular dynamics (MD) ; density functional theory (DFT) ; cyclodextrin polymers ; synthesis ; separation science ; materials science ; biomedicine ; retinal explant ; cytotoxicity ; uptake ; risperidone ; inclusion complex ; randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin ; compatibility studies ; excipients ; solubility ; stability ; aggregation ; doxorubicin ; nanoparticles ; alveograph ; wheat dough ; bread staling ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 143
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The theory around the concept of finite time describes how processes of any nature can be optimized in situations when their rate is required to be non-negligible, i.e., they must come to completion in a finite time. What the theory makes explicit is “the cost of haste”. Intuitively, it is quite obvious that you drive your car differently if you want to reach your destination as quickly as possible as opposed to the case when you are running out of gas. Finite-time thermodynamics quantifies such opposing requirements and may provide the optimal control to achieve the best compromise. The theory was initially developed for heat engines (steam, Otto, Stirling, a.o.) and for refrigerators, but it has by now evolved into essentially all areas of dynamic systems from the most abstract ones to the most practical ones. The present collection shows some fascinating current examples.
    Keywords: macroentropy ; microentropy ; endoreversible engine ; reversible computing ; Landauer’s principle ; piston motion optimization ; endoreversible thermodynamics ; stirling engine ; irreversibility ; power ; efficiency ; optimization ; generalized radiative heat transfer law ; optimal motion path ; maximum work output ; elimination method ; finite time thermodynamics ; thermodynamics ; economics ; optimal processes ; n/a ; averaged ; heat transfer ; cyclic mode ; simulation ; modeling ; reconstruction ; nonequilibrium thermodynamics ; entropy production ; contact temperature ; quantum thermodynamics ; maximum power ; shortcut to adiabaticity ; quantum friction ; Otto cycle ; quantum engine ; quantum refrigerator ; finite-time thermodynamics ; sulfuric acid decomposition ; tubular plug-flow reactor ; entropy generation rate ; SO2 yield ; multi-objective optimization ; optimal control ; thermodynamic cycles ; thermodynamic length ; hydrogen atom ; nano-size engines ; a-thermal cycle ; heat engines ; cooling ; very long timescales ; slow time ; ideal gas law ; new and modified variables ; Silicon–Germanium alloys ; minimum of thermal conductivity ; efficiency of thermoelectric systems ; minimal energy dissipation ; radiative energy transfer ; radiative entropy transfer ; two-stream grey atmosphere ; energy flux density ; entropy flux density ; generalized winds ; conservatively perturbed equilibrium ; extreme value ; momentary equilibrium ; information geometry of thermodynamics ; thermodynamic curvature ; critical phenomena ; binary fluids ; van der Waals equation ; quantum heat engine ; carnot cycle ; otto cycle ; multiobjective optimization ; Pareto front ; stability ; maximum power regime ; entropy behavior ; biophysics ; biochemistry ; dynamical systems ; diversity ; complexity ; path information ; calorimetry ; entropy flow ; biological communities ; reacting systems ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management
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  • 144
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The formulation of coated composite materials is an important field of research around the world today. Coated composite materials include inhomogeneous and anisotropic materials. These materials are formulated by an amalgamate minimum of two or more materials that accommodate different properties. These materials have a vast field of appealing applications that encourage scientists to work on them. Due to their unique properties, such as their strength, liability, swiftness, and low cost, they are used as promising candidates for reliable applications in various fields, such as biomedical, engineering, energy devices, wastewater treatment, and agriculture. Different types of composite materials have had a noticeable impact in these fields already, such as glass, plastic, and, most promisingly, metal oxide nanoparticles.
    Keywords: 6H-SiC ; Cu-Sn alloy ; ion implantation ; wettability ; interface ; nanoparticles ; dyes ; catalysis ; reduction ; glass/Kevlar ; hybrid composites ; hand layup ; epoxy ; hardener ; tensile ; hardness shore D ; water absorption ; density ; peel ; ratio ; Al2O3-Cr2O3 composite ; consolidation behavior ; microstructure ; mechanical properties ; thermal shock resistance ; ammonia electro-oxidation ; cyclic voltammetry ; electrochemical surface area (ECSA) ; electrocatalysts ; nanocomposites ; infrared detector ; resonant cavity ; energy applications ; absorptance ; Ce–Cu oxide ; co-precipitation ; photocatalyst ; dye degradation ; CuO/γ-Al2O3 ; ammonia electro-oxidation (AEO) ; nanocomposite structure ; XRD ; photoluminescence ; rare earth element REE ; heterogeneous catalysis ; perovskite ; CH3NH3PbI3 ; solar cells ; polysilane ; decaphenylcyclopentasilane ; stability ; chlorobenzene ; calculation ; Raman scattering ; lead-free ; NBT–BMN ; weight loss ; dielectric ; piezoelectric ceramics ; bimetallic nanoparticles ; kinetics ; antioxidant studies ; catalytic activity ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 145
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The book explores issues concerning the design, synthetic methods and biological evaluation of molecules of pharmaceutical interest.
    Keywords: fluorinated pyrazole aldehydes ; tyrosinase inhibition ; phosphodiesterase inhibition ; antibacterial activity ; molecular docking ; periodontitis ; SRP ; LDD ; gelcide ; cancer ; phytocomponents ; Tiospora cardifolia ; silica ; silver oxynitrate ; stability ; core-shell ; antibiofilm ; antimicrobial ; sesquiterpene ; inflammatory pathologies ; nutraceuticals ; triclosan ; surgical site infection ; suture ; abdominal surgery ; cost-analysis ; budget impact analysis ; spirooxindole ; 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition ; eco-friendly chemistry ; ROCS ; shape alignment ; lipophilicity ; anticancer activity ; sol–gel coating ; medical textiles ; antioxidant ; anti-inflammatory ; PEA derivative ; drug release ; imidazole ; antiproliferative ; antioxidant activities ; docking ; DPPH ; ABTS ; acetylcholinesterase ; xanthine oxidase ; pyrimidine-trione ; barbituric ; thiobarbituric ; urease inhibitors ; DFT ; N-benzylisatin-aryl hydrazones ; gefitinib ; A549 cell lines ; pomegranate ; Punica granatum L. ; pomegranate skin extract ; pomegranate fruit extract ; nutraceutical properties ; biological properties ; cladodes ; Opuntia ; antioxidants ; polyphenols ; SFE-CO2 ; rutin ; iso-quercitrin ; nicotiflorin ; narcissin ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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  • 146
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book is a collection of 12 peer-reviewed articles on freshwater invasive fish and is the first on this topic. It focuses on real-world lessons learned from managing common carp, bigheaded carp, sea lamprey, northern pike, and lake trout in different parts of the world. Articles also discuss damage caused by invasive fish, environmental DNA as means to measure spawning carp, and CO2 as a fish deterrent. Detailed critical evaluations of the possibility of using koi herpes virus to control common carp, market-driven fishing (invasivorism), as well as changes in lock and dam operating protocols to control bigheaded carps are also presented. Several important commonalities are noted between successful management efforts, including the simultaneous use of multiple integrated strategies, a focus on suppressing reproduction, and a deep local knowledge in an introductory article that provides context for the discipline.
    Keywords: suppression ; eradication ; rotenone ; fishery restoration ; northern pike ; salmon ; biocontrol ; Australia ; common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; cyprinid herpesvirus 3 ; safety ; efficacy ; modelling ; risks ; adaptive management ; cutthroat trout ; ecosystem restoration ; nonnative fish suppression ; national park ; lake trout ; native species recovery ; Oncorhynchus ; predatory fish invasion ; Salvelinus ; trophic cascade ; wilderness preserve ; invasive species ; bigheaded carp ; biodiversity ; behavior ; physiology ; toxicity ; avoidance ; aquatic invasive species ; reservoir ecosystems ; ichthyoplankton ; Asian carp ; invasivorism ; commercial fishing ; Hypophthalmichthys ; Illinois River ; interference competition ; exploitative competition ; ruffe ; yellow perch ; growth ; diet ; integrated pest control ; source-sink ; sustainable ; micro-predators ; water quality ; population suppression ; lampricide ; sea lamprey ; Lake Champlain ; invasive ; incursion ; alien fish ; fyke net ; pest fish ; Lake Sorell ; Lake Crescent ; biotelemetry ; integrated pest management ; model ; hydraulic ; acoustic deterrent ; invasive fish ; conservation ; eDNA ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 147
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Featuring a mild process and high selectivity, enzyme bioelectrocatalysis employing oxidoreductases immobilized on conductive surfaces is playing an increasingly vital role across a wide scope of applications. Enzyme bioelectrocatalysis is key for devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells, which are attracting considerable attention towards sustainable sensing and energy production. A wide range of sophisticated reactions, such as chiral compound synthesis and CO2 and N2 fixation, can be accomplished with enzyme bioelectrocatalysis. Last but not least, redox enzymes are sources of inspiration for new non-noble metal electrocatalysts. The “Enzymatic Bioelectrocatalysis” Special Issue comprises six reviews contributed by research groups from different countries, covering fundamentals and applications, as well as the recent research progress in this field.
    Keywords: bioelectrocatalysts ; oxidoreductases ; biocatalytic reactors ; electrochemical reactors ; bioelectrocatalysis ; nanostructured electrodes ; protein engineering ; bioelectrosynthesis ; photo-bioelectrocatalysis ; membrane protein ; electrode modification ; biofuel cells ; photosynthesis ; liposomes ; hybrid vesicles ; microbial electrosynthesis ; direct electron transfer ; orientation ; carbon nanomaterials ; surface modification ; self-assembled molecular monolayers ; electron transfer ; oxidoreductase ; gold electrode ; metallic nanostructures ; enzyme ; metalloenzyme ; catalysis ; stability ; electrochemistry ; bioelectrochemistry ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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  • 148
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Most of the typical materials employed in today’s constructions present limitations, especially concerning their durability, in either common or severe environmental conditions, and their impact on the environment. In response to these issues, academic and industrial efforts around the world have been devoted to developing new smart materials that can provide efficient alternatives, improve the energy efficiency of buildings, or can upgrade, repair, or protect existing infrastructures. Different and wide technological innovations are, therefore, quickly fostering advancements in the field of construction materials. A new generation of materials (bricks, cement, coatings, concrete, FRP, glass, masonry, mortars, nano-materials, PCM, polymers, steel, wood, etc.) is gaining a prominent position in modern building technology, since they can overcome various limits and flaws of conventional materials employed in constructions, without neglecting the smart applications of pioneering materials in ancient constructions and historic buildings. Even though the adoption of innovative materials in the construction field has been a successful route in achieving enhanced performance, or even new and unexpected characteristics, some issues have not been completely solved. On top of them, the cost/performance ratio of novel solutions, since their introduction must be convenient, without compromising quality. Other concerns are related to their sustainability, with eco-friendly options, possibly exploiting recycled materials or by-products from other productions, being the most desirable solution. Finally, the use of materials or systems that are unconventional in this field raises the need to update or develop new specifications and standards. This special issue aims at providing a platform for discussing open issues, challenges, and achievements related to innovative materials proposed for the construction industry.
    Keywords: isogrid ; aircraft load-bearing structures ; finite elements method ; nonlinear numerical analyses ; stability ; equilibrium path ; cement ; gypsum ; hydraulic lime ; mechanical properties ; mortars ; phase-change materials (PCM) ; sustainable materials for buildings ; thermal energy storage ; glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar ; ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) ; concrete headed GFRP rebar ; bond strength ; development length ; flexural strength ; precast concrete deck ; material selection ; project performance ; material property ; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) ; building construction ; concrete system form ; phase change material (PCM) ; thermal energy storage (TES) ; thermal properties ; Ca7ZrAl6O18 ; 27Al MAS NMR ; Sr-rich (Sr,C)3AH6 ; cement hydration ; refractories ; immobilization of radioactive Sr ; shrinkage-reducing agent ; compressive strength ; splitting tensile strength ; freezing and thawing ; spacing factor ; cultural heritage ; durability ; mechanical characterization ; retrofitting ; strengthening ; quasi-brittle material ; three-point bending test ; energy fracture ; NHL ; composite material ; jute ; MICP ; ureolytic bacteria ; biocement ; natural plant fiber ; ladle furnace slag ; reclaimed asphalt pavements ; cold in-place recycling ; simple compressive strength ; bitumen emulsion ; waste ; circular economy ; bacteria ; biocementation ; construction ; microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 149
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (ISSN 2411-5142) available at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jfmk/special_issues/Exercise_Evaluation
    Keywords: anthropometry ; body composition ; DXA ; equation ; fat mass ; soccer ; somatotype ; skinfolds ; activity pacing ; multiple sclerosis ; perceived risk of overactivity ; perceived fatigue ; health-related quality of life ; rehabilitation ; dose ; acute response ; chronic response ; internal load ; external load ; exercise and training prescription ; exercise is medicine ; personalized medicine ; physical activity ; oncology ; unsupervised exercise ; lifestyle ; exercise prescription ; body weight ; obesity ; motor control test ; stability ; Y balance test ; first position ; Nordic walking ; type 2 diabetes ; cardiometabolic fitness ; target heart rate ; RPE ; Talk Test ; hydration ; urine specific gravity ; athletes ; heart rate ; fatigue ; alertness ; BIVA ; phase angle ; R-Xc graph ; tolerance ellipses ; reaction time ; pilots ; motor imagery ; video observation ; renal health ; wearable devices ; technology ; acute kidney injury ; inertial measurement units (IMU) ; energy availability ; relative energy deficiency in sport ; sports nutrition ; women soccer athletes ; nutrition knowledge ; LEAF-Q ; COVID-19 ; prevention ; inactivity ; home-based exercise ; mental health ; psychological well-being ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure
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  • 150
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Block copolymers with crystallizable blocks have moved into the focus of current research, owing to their unique self-assembly behaviour and properties. New synthetic concepts give, for example, even access to tetrablock copolymers with four crystalline blocks, bio-based thermoplastic elastomers (e.g., based on ABA triblock copolymers with poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) hard segments), and allow new, exciting insights into the interplay of microphase separation and crystallization in controlling self-assembly in bulk (confined vs. break-out crystalliza­tion).Concerning self-assembly in solution, crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) paved the way to a myriad of crystalline-core micellar structures and hierarchical super­structures that were not accessible before via self-assembly of fully amorphous block copolymers. This allows for the production of cylindrical micelles with defined lengths, length distribution, and corona chemistries (block type or patchy corona), as well as branched micelles and fascinating micellar superstructures (e.g., 2D lenticular platelets, scarf-shaped micelles, multidimensional micellar assemblies, and cross and “windmill”-like supermicelles).This Special Issue brings together new developments in the synthesis and self-assembly of block copolymers with crystallizable blocks and also addresses emerging applications for these exciting materials. It includes two reviews on CDSA and eight contributions spanning from membranes for gas separation to self-assembly in bulk and solution.
    Keywords: crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) ; crystalline-core micelles ; patchy micelles ; block copolymers ; crystal morphologies ; polymer crystallization ; nucleation mechanism ; scaling relations ; crystallization-driven self-assembly ; calcium alginate hydrogel ; cylindrical micelles ; poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polymethylene ; blends ; diblock copolymers ; ferroelectric phase ; semicrystalline block copolymers ; phase separation and crystallization ; epitaxial crystallization ; nanostructures ; kinetics ; fragmentation ; growth ; polypeptoids ; crystallization ; solution self-assembly ; triblock terpolymers ; polyethylene (PE) ; poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) ; poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) ; tricrystalline spherulites ; copolymer ; membrane ; hydrocarbon ; cohesive energy density ; gas separation ; semicrystalline polymer ; 3D confinement ; ABC triblock terpolymers ; degradation ; emulsification ; microparticles ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 151
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue covers symmetry and asymmetry phenomena occurring in real-life problems. We invited authors to submit their theoretical or experimental research presenting engineering and economic problem solution models dealing with the symmetry or asymmetry of different types of information. The issue gained interest in the research community and received many submissions. After rigorous scientific evaluation by editors and reviewers, nine papers were accepted and published. The authors proposed different MADM and MODM solution models as integrated tools to find a balance between the components of sustainable global development, to find a symmetry axis concerning goals, risks, and constraints to cope with the complicated problems. Most approaches suggested decision models under uncertainty, combining the usual decision-making methods with interval-valued fuzzy or rough sets theory, also Z numbers. The application fields of the proposed models involved both problems of technological sciences and social sciences. The papers cover three essential areas: engineering, economy, and management. We hope that a summary of the Special Issue as provided here will encourage a detailed analysis of the papers included in the Printed Edition.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; rough sets ; interval type-2 fuzzy set (IT2FS) ; resources distribution ; the criteria of the weights ; public management ; Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) ; multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) ; symmetry of the method ; quadcopter ; transaction cost ; full fuzzy environment ; dual generalized geometric Bonferroni mean (DGGBM) operator ; data logger ; information theory ; control system ; salvage value ; nonlinear dynamics ; pattern formation ; oscillations ; stability ; Pythagorean fuzzy set ; FAHP ; fuzzy sets ; group decision-making ; generalized Bonferroni mean (GBM) operator ; probabilistic systems analysis ; economic decisions ; 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic numbers set (2TLNNSs) ; evaluating the quality of distant courses ; subjective weights ; Z-numbers ; green supplier selection ; dual generalized Bonferroni mean (DGBM) operator ; normal cloud ; thrust ; sensor ; neutrosophic numbers ; MCDM ; Bayes’ theorem ; optimal dividend ; logistics ; measurement ; hybrid MCDM ; combining the weights ; data envelopment analysis ; criteria weights ; multiple attribute decision making (MADM) ; IDOCRIW ; excess-of-loss reinsurance ; fuzzy efficiency ; multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) ; MCGDM ; transport ; backward cloud transformation ; engineering problems ; rough ARAS ; capital injection ; performance ; Bonferroni mean (BM) operator ; green supply chain management ; population sizes ; hybrid problem solution models ; criteria weight assessment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 152
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Photoacoustic (or optoacoustic) imaging, including photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), is an emerging imaging modality with great clinical potential. PAI’s deep tissue penetration and fine spatial resolution also hold great promise for visualizing physiology and pathology at the molecular level. PAI combines optical contrast with ultrasonic resolution, and is capable of imaging at depths of up to 7 cm with a real-time scalable spatial resolution of 10 to 500 µm. PAI has demonstrated applications in brain imaging and cancer imaging, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer etc. This Special Issue focuses on the novel technological developments and pre-clinical and clinical biomedical applications of PAI. Topics include but are not limited to: brain imaging; cancer imaging; image reconstruction; quantitative imaging; light source and delivery for PAI; photoacoustic detectors; nanoparticles designed for PAI; photoacoustic molecular imaging; photoacoustic spectroscopy.
    Keywords: photoacoustic imaging ; tomography ; thermoacoustic ; radio frequency ; image quality assessment ; image formation theory ; image reconstruction techniques ; sparsity ; signal processing ; deconvolution ; empirical mode decomposition ; signal deconvolution ; photoacoustics ; tissue characterization ; absorption ; Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (PACT) ; ring array ; fast imaging ; low cost ; photoacoustic tomography ; full-field detection ; wave equation ; final time inversion ; uniqueness ; stability ; iterative reconstruction ; 3D photoacoustic tomography ; full-view illumination and ultrasound detection ; photoacoustic coplanar ; quartz bowl ; correlation matrix filter ; time reversal operator ; photo-acoustic tomography ; reflection artifacts ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; time reversal ; Landweber algorithm ; U-net ; optoacoustic imaging ; respiratory gating ; motion artifacts ; full-ring illumination ; diffused-beam illumination ; point source illumination ; ultrasound tomography (UST) ; photoacoustic tomography (PAT) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 153
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue gathers research from different branches of science and engineering disciplines working on experiments and modelling of nanocomposites into one volume. The Guest Editor welcomes papers dedicated to experimental, computational, and theoretical aspects dealing with many important state-of-the-art technologies and methodologies regarding the synthesis, fabrication, characterization, properties, design, and applications, and both finite element analysis and molecular dynamic simulations, of nanocomposite materials and structures. Full papers covering novel topics, extending the frontiers of the science and technology of nanoreinforced composites are encouraged. Reviews covering topics of major interest will be also considered.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; ab initio ; critical yield strength ; carbon nanotube ; impact buckling ; elasticity ; molecular dynamics simulation ; magnetism ; coarse-grained model ; 3D fiber-metal laminates ; mechanical property ; interface ; nanocomposites ; interface force fields ; YN ; graphene/Fe composite ; cohesive element ; stability ; ScN ; delamination propagation ; interfaces ; graphene nanoplatelets ; nanoindentation ; pressure ; molecular dynamics ; piezoelectric property ; temperature effect ; Fe-Al ; hardness ; equivalent fiber ; disorder ; Fe3Al ; elastic modulus ; delamination buckling ; CNT agglomeration ; CNTs/epoxy nanocomposites ; boron nitride honeycomb ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 154
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Welfare is a multidimensional concept that can be described as the state of an animal as it copes with the environment. Captive environments can impact farmed animals at different levels, especially fishes, considering their highly complex sensory world. Understanding the ethology of a species is therefore essential to address fish welfare, and the interpretation of behavioral responses in specific rearing contexts (aquaculture or experimental contexts) demands knowledge of their underlying physiological, developmental, functional, and evolutionary mechanisms. In natural environments, the stress response has evolved to help animals survive challenging conditions. However, animals are adapted to deal with natural stressors, while anthropogenic stimuli may represent stressors that fishes are unable to cope with. Under such circumstances, stress responses may be maladaptive and cause severe damage to the animal. As welfare in captivity is affected in multiple dimensions, multiple possible indicators can be used to assess the welfare state of individuals. In the past, research on welfare has been largely focusing on health indicators and predominantly based on physiological stress. Ethological indicators, however, also integrate the mental perspective of the individual and have been gradually assuming an important role in welfare research: behavioral responses to stressors are an early response to adverse conditions, easily observable, and demonstrative of emotional states. Many behavioral indicators can be used as non-invasive measurements of welfare in practical contexts such as aquaculture and experimentation. Presently, research in fish welfare is growing in importance and interest because of the growing economic importance of fish farming, the comparative biology opportunities that experimental fishes provide, and the increasing public sensitivity to welfare issues.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; SF1-1100 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; muscle texture ; fractal analysis ; fish welfare ; Danio rerio ; motivation ; histopathology ; elevated phosphate concentrations ; sharks ; welfare ; African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) ; feed efficiency ; fighting ability ; aggressive interaction ; social rank ; boldness ; ethology ; fisheries management ; physiological response ; FishEthoBase ; welfare scores ; welfare criteria ; stress ; pain ; stereotypical behaviour ; Scyliorhinus canicula ; animal behavior ; welfare enhancement ; social communication ; nociception ; negative and positive affect ; aggression ; fertilisation success ; risk analysis ; aquaculture ; hematology ; Amyloodinium ocellatum ; framework ; structural complexity ; territorial ; growth ; positive welfare ; social stress ; age ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 155
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This Special Issue on “Blood-Derived Products for Tissue Repair and Regeneration” reveals the evolution and diversity of platelet rich plasma (PRP) technologies, which includes experimental research on novel formulations, the creation of combination therapies, and the exploration of potential modifiers of PRPs, as well as efficacy of PRP therapies in clinical veterinary and human applications. Scientist and clinicians are now starting to develop different treatments based on their reinterpretation of the traditional roles of platelets and plasma, and the current Issue has provided a forum for sharing research and ways of understanding the associated medicinal benefits from different points of view. The research interest in this area has covered different medical disciplines, such as ophthalmology, dentistry, orthopedics, and sports medicine.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; n/a ; biomaterial ; redifferentiation ; regenerative medicine ; skeletal muscle regeneration ; furcation defects ; Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) ; PRP ; fracture ; fibrin sealant ; periodontal surgery ; bone regeneration ; serum derived from plasma rich in growth factors (s-PRGF) ; cartilage repair ; myofibroblasts ; autologous platelet concentrates ; burns ; satellite cells ; articular cartilage ; stem cell niche ; wound healing ; quantification ; growth factors ; biologics ; platelet rich plasma ; meniscus ; adipose tissue ; Carprofen ; platelet-rich fibrin ; platelets ; hyperacute serum ; bone defects ; serum eye drops ; corneal epithelial defect ; fibrosis ; dog ; myoblasts ; differentiation ; chronic meniscal lesion ; horizontal meniscal tear ; PRGF ; collagen hydrogels ; periodontal defects ; bone grafting material ; composition ; cell therapy ; bone healing ; tissue healing ; trephination ; plasma rich plasma (PRP) ; bone repair ; plasma rich in growth factors ; knee arthrosis ; meniscus tear ; cornea regeneration ; wrist osteoarthritis ; periosteal sheet ; Platelet-Poor Plasma (PPP) ; platelet-rich plasma ; microfat ; bone grafting ; hyaluronic acid (NaHA) ; periodontal regeneration ; meniscus repair ; photobiomodulation therapy ; growth ; myogenesis ; blood derived products ; low-level laser therapy ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 156
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a powerful formulation technology to improve oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs. Despite their being in existence for more than half a century, controlling ASD performance is still regarded as difficult because of ASD’s natural non-equilibrium. However, recent significant advances in ASD knowledge and technology may enable a much broader use of ASD technology. This Special Issue, which includes 3 reviews and 6 original articles, focuses on recent progresses in ASD technology in hopes of helping to accelerate developmental studies in the pharmaceutical industry. In striving for a deep understanding of ASD non-equilibrium behavior, the Special issue also delves into and makes progress in the theory of soft-matter dynamics.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; thermodynamic modeling ; molecular dynamics simulation ; poorly soluble drugs ; amorphous solid dispersions ; dissolution enhancement ; crystallization tendency ; continuous processing ; stability ; milling ; granulation ; thermal analysis ; amorphous ; ball milling ; pharmaceutical glass ; dissolution ; rebamipide ; poloxamer ; classification ; polyelectrolytes ; amorphisation ; self-assembly ; dissolution rate ; miscibility ; bioavailability ; solubility ; evaporation ; mesoporous ; polyelectrolyte excipient matrix ; polymer ; bicaludamide ; phase diagram ; Weibull dissolution model ; spectroscopic techniques ; anticancer drugs ; manufacturing methods ; nucleation ; molecular complex ; nanoaggregates ; enrofloxacin ; accelerated stability test ; solubility enhancement ; amorphous solid dispersion ; tadalafil ; process development ; amorphous polymeric salt ; Wood’s apparatus ; hot melt extrusion ; solid dispersions ; intrinsic dissolution rate ; solid dispersion ; interaction ; crystallization ; spray drying ; characterization ; ciprofloxacin ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 157
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Rapid establishment of seedlings in forest regeneration or afforestation sites after planting is a prerequisite for a successful reforestation. Seedling survival after outplanting can be improved by using high-quality seedling material. Seedling quality consists of several features, such as genetic source, morphological properties, nutritional status, stress resistance, and vitality of the seedlings. Field performance of the seedlings is a complex process which can be affected by many nursery and silvicultural practices. Nursery cultural practices strongly affect seedling quality, which is generally at its highest level during the growth period at the nursery. Afterwards, when the seedlings are transported from the nursery to the planting site (including seedling storage, handling, shipping, and planting practices), the quality of seedlings can only remain the same or decline. To ensure successful regeneration, it is important to produce seedlings that retain their high quality until planting, and to establish them quickly in the forest regeneration site.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; container parameters ; forest regeneration material ; physiological attributes ; somatic embryogenesis ; Quercus rubra ; antioxidant enzymes ; nursery production ; shortleaf pine ; historical perspective ; maturation ; Appalachia ; bulk density ; Quercus robur L. ; rabbit ; western larch ; Picea abies L. Karst. ; sessile oak ; climate change ; physiological quality ; nursery culture ; Fennoscandia ; pedunculate oak ; elk ; seeds ; survival ; small mammal ; loblolly pine ; Norway spruce ; white oak ; growing media ; germination ; morphological attributes ; embling production ; mechanization ; browse ; contractor ; field performance ; reforestation ; white-tailed deer ; forest biotechnology ; cultural practice ; hybridization ; nutrients ; silviculture ; black locust ; scarification index ; seedling quality ; tree planting machine ; seed size ; herbicide ; artificial regeneration ; restoration ecology ; porosity ; northern red oak ; cryopreservation ; leaf senescence ; tree seedling ; Douglas fir ; Quercus ; growth ; mine reclamation ; forestry ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 158
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book is devoted to the application of fractional calculus in economics to describe processes with memory and non-locality. Fractional calculus is a branch of mathematics that studies the properties of differential and integral operators that are characterized by real or complex orders. Fractional calculus methods are powerful tools for describing the processes and systems with memory and nonlocality. Recently, fractional integro-differential equations have been used to describe a wide class of economical processes with power law memory and spatial nonlocality. Generalizations of basic economic concepts and notions the economic processes with memory were proposed. New mathematical models with continuous time are proposed to describe economic dynamics with long memory. This book is a collection of articles reflecting the latest mathematical and conceptual developments in mathematical economics with memory and non-locality based on applications of fractional calculus.
    Keywords: mathematical economics ; economic theory ; fractional calculus ; fractional dynamics ; long memory ; non-locality ; fractional generalization ; econometric modelling ; identification ; Phillips curve ; Mittag-Leffler function ; generalized fractional derivatives ; growth equation ; Mittag–Leffler function ; Caputo fractional derivative ; economic growth model ; least squares method ; fractional diffusion equation ; fundamental solution ; option pricing ; risk sensitivities ; portfolio hedging ; business cycle model ; stability ; time delay ; time-fractional-order ; Hopf bifurcation ; Einstein’s evolution equation ; Kolmogorov–Feller equation ; diffusion equation ; self-affine stochastic fields ; random market hypothesis ; efficient market hypothesis ; fractal market hypothesis ; financial time series analysis ; evolutionary computing ; modelling ; economic growth ; prediction ; Group of Twenty ; pseudo-phase space ; economy ; system modeling ; deep assessment ; least squares ; modeling ; GDP per capita ; LSTM ; econophysics ; continuous-time random walk (CTRW) ; Mittag–Leffler functions ; Laplace transform ; Fourier transform ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management
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  • 159
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: As we move further into the 21st century, despite the fact that new technologies have emerged, machining remains the key operation to achieve high productivity and precision for high-added value parts in several sectors, but recent advances in computer applications should close the gap between simulations and industrial practices. This book, “Machining Dynamics and Parameters Process Optimization”, is oriented toward the different strategies and paths when it comes to increasing productivity and reliability in metal removal processes. The topics include the dynamic characterization of machine tools, experimental dampening techniques, and optimization algorithms combined with signal monitoring.
    Keywords: CNC parameters ; machining mode ; high speed ; high accuracy ; high surface quality ; five-axis linear-segment toolpath ; path smoothing ; B-spline curve-fitting ; path synchronization ; feedrate scheduling ; flute-grinding ; evolution algorithms ; wheel location and orientation ; thin-floor machining ; chatter ; magnetorheological damper ; bull-nose end mill ; tool wear monitoring ; milling ; complex part ; deep learning ; autoencoder ; deep multi-layer perceptron ; tool condition monitoring ; tool change policy ; Industry 4.0 ; machine learning ; CNN ; AI ; additive manufacturing ; thin walled machining ; dynamics ; machining cycle optimization ; multivariable tool ; stable peninsula ; homotopy perturbation method ; machining robot ; natural frequency prediction ; model optimization ; dynamic performance ; stability ; machining ; grinding ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 160
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    Taylor & Francis
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: To date, critical analysis of the EMU project has largely been advanced from the centre-right spectrum of British politics. Comparable questions from the centre-left have failed to find a coherent voice. Although, the European fault-line cannot be characterized as a neat Left-Right issue there are noticeable divisions in opinion across British business, the trade union movement and within the Labour Party. Offering a unique insight into this key debate from the ‘centre-left’, eurosceptic view point, this book provides a rigorous analysis of all the salient economic and political issues of concern, such as: * the economics of a single currency * employment and social implications * sovereignty * political determination. The arguments presented in this volume highlight the emergence of a coherent alternative to deepening economic integration as a platform to build a just and equitable society. Contributions are drawn from leading academics, trade union leaders and prominent politicians, both from the Labour Party and the wider progressive Left in British politics. This informative and thought provoking book will be indispensable reading for students and practitioners in economics, politics and international relations, as well as those interested in this highly contentious topic.
    Keywords: single ; currency ; european ; union ; central ; bank ; exchange ; rate ; growth ; stability ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCB Macroeconomics::KCBM Monetary economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCL International economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCB Macroeconomics::KCBM Monetary economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCL International economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management
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  • 161
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Antioxidative polyphenols represented by tannins and flavonoids are rich in numerous food sources and traditional natural medicines and currently attracting increased attention in health care and food industries because of their multiple biological activities that are favorable to human health. Commemorating the outstanding achievements on tannins by Dr. Takuo Okuda on the occasion of his passing away in December 2016, his colleagues, friends, and worldwide experts of polyphenol research have contributed 18 papers on their recent study to the Special Issue of Molecules. This book is its reprinted form. This covers reviews of structural features, historical usages, and biological activities of unique class of ellagitannins and condensed tannins, and original articles on the most up-to-date findings on the anticancer effect of green tea catechins, the antivirus effect of tannins comparing with the clinically used drugs, the analytical method of ellagitannins using quantitative NMR, the chemical structures of Hydrangea-blue complex (pigment) and condensed tannins in Ephedra sinica and purple prairie clover, and the relationship of condensed tannins in legumes and grape-marc with methane production in the in vitro ruminant system, and others. This book will be useful to natural product chemists and also to researchers in pharmaceutical and/or food industry.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; Coreopsis lanceolata L. ; UV-Vis ; methanogenesis ; Lythraceae ; flavanone ; grape marc ; TDDFT ; Ephedra sinica ; macrocyclic oligomer ; triple-negative breast cancer ; antioxidant ; purple prairie clover ; chalcone ; neuraminidase ; fatty acid synthase ; (?)-epigallocatechin gallate ; epidermal growth factor ; NMR spectroscopy ; Aluminum ion ; Onagraceae ; Hydrangea macrophylla ; synthetic analogues ; blue color development ; amyloid-? peptide ; FTIR ; oseltamivir carboxylate ; quantitative NMR ; phloroglucinolysis ; thin layer chromatography ; European historic leathers ; FASN inhibition ; ECD ; colorimetric tests ; taxanes ; cynandione A ; conservation method ; 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid ; ellagitannin ; PC12 ; condensed tannin ; Trapa taiwanensis Nakai ; 1H-NMR ; Acacia ; (?)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate ; Geranium thunbergii ; condensed tannins ; immunomodulatory effect ; Acacia mearnsii bark ; Escherichia coli ; oligomer ; Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction ; lung tumor ; Aspergillus fumigates ; in vitro batch fermentation ; metal complex ; Myrtaceae ; Cynanchum auriculatum ; molecular interactions ; phenolic glycoside ; bamboo leaf extract ; stability ; Microsporum canis ; Cynanchum wilfordii ; thiolysis ; anti-inflammation ; hydrolysable tannin ; geraniin ; NGF ; polyphenol ; revision ; ESI-mass ; bioactivity ; antifungal activities ; interferon-? ; antitumor effect ; tannin composition ; oenothein B ; zanamivir ; 2-O-?-laminaribiosyl-4-hydroxyacetophenone ; anticancer activity ; proanthocyanidin ; vegetable tanning ; Dittrichia viscosa ; differentiation ; aurone ; antioxidants ; protein precipitation ; apoptosis ; polyphenolic FASN inhibitors ; forage legume ; biological activities ; ultrahigh-resolution negative mode MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry ; overlay method ; spectroscopy ; wattle tannin ; immune checkpoint ; hormesis ; 3-O-glucosyldelphinidin ; gallotannin ; proanthocyanidins ; fatty acids ; flavonol ; inhibition ; structure ; Candida spp. ; Malassezia spp. ; ORAC assay ; neuroprotection ; crystal structure ; tannins ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 162
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The goal of this Special Issue, “Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pediatrics”, is to focus on the importance of pediatric nutrition with probiotics and prebiotics to improve gastrointestinal health in newborn, infants, and children.Specifically, the aim is to clarify if probiotics and prebiotics can influence gut microbiota composition and host-interaction favoring human health and preventing diseases.This new information will provide health care professionals with a widespread, clear and update evidence on probiotics and prebiotics and intestinal gut microbiota in pediatric care.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RJ1-570 ; non-IgE mediated allergy ; n/a ; randomized controlled trials ; infant ; “Probiotics”[Mesh] ; children ; safety ; therapeutic microbiology ; zinc ; prevention ; Lactobacillus ; cow’s milk protein ; constipation ; hepcidin ; infants ; Bifidobacterium ; Bifidobacterium breve ; allergy ; asthma ; functional abdominal pain disorders ; probiotic strain ; formula feeding ; probiotic ; nutritional programming ; 2?-fucosyllactose ; “Pregnancy”[Mesh] ; colic ; iron absorption ; bifidobacteria ; Newborn”[Mesh] ; breast feeding ; neonatal ; diversity ; acute diarrhea ; celiac disease ; human milk oligosaccharide ; acute gastroenteritis ; human milk oligosaccharides ; tolerance acquisition ; iron deficiency anemia ; infantile colic ; Lacto-N-neotetraose ; gluten free diet ; oligosaccharides ; preterm ; preterm infant ; microbial programming ; paediatrics ; Lactobacillus reuteri ; functional constipation ; protein hydrolyzed formulas ; oral rehydration solution ; gluten-free diet ; infant formula ; prebiotic ; Childhood Asthma Control Test ; microbiome ; intestinal transit time ; prebiotics ; sepsis ; probiotics ; microbiota ; “Infant ; lactobacilli ; human milk ; functional gastrointestinal disorders ; inulin ; fecal microbiota ; Bacillus clausii ; peak expiratory flow rate ; breast milk ; immunoglobulin E ; efficacy ; intestinal microbiota ; necrotizing enterocolitis ; pediatrics ; growth ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 163
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book contains 21 research papers, one review and one editorial focusing on studies in the field of electric power systems research in 2016. These 23 published papers can be classified into five categories: generation systems; transmission systems; distribution systems; end-users; and the power market. Among these, the subjects of generation and distribution systems has caused the most concern due to the realization of smart grids. Papers presented in this book cover research, the development of new procedures or components, an original application of existing knowledge, or new design approaches. The authors of the published articles are from a variety of Asian, North American, and European countries. This book shows that authors in China are the most active and their research covers all of the above-mentioned areas.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; optimization ; reliability ; sustainability ; stability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 164
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Iron is an essential element for almost all organisms, a cofactor playing a crucial role in a number of vital functions, including oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and respiration. However, its ability to exchange electrons renders excess iron potentially toxic, since it is capable of catalyzing the formation of highly poisonous free radicals. As a consequence, iron homeostasis is tightly controlled by sophisticated mechanisms that have been partially elucidated. Because of its biological importance, numerous disorders have been recently linked to the deregulation of iron homeostasis, which include not only the typical disorders of iron overload and deficiency but also cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This leads iron metabolism to become an interesting therapeutic target for novel pharmacological treatments against these diseases. Several therapies are currently under development for hematological disorders, while other are being considered for different pathologies. The therapeutic targeting under study includes the hepcidin/ferroportin axis for the regulation of systemic iron homeostasis, complex cytosolic machineries for the regulation of the intracellular iron status and its association with oxidative damage, and reagents exploiting proteins of iron metabolism such as ferritin and transferrin receptor. A promising potential target is a recently described form of programmed cell death named ferroptosis, in which the role of iron is essential but not completely clarified. This Special Issue has the aim to summarize the state-of-the-art, and the latest findings published in the iron field, as well as to elucidate future directions.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QD415-436 ; Q1-390 ; developmental ; Anemia of chronic disease ; neurodegeneration ; supplementation ; MHC ; iron chelation therapy ; osteoblast ; serum biomarker ; FeSO4 ; haptoglobin ; prevention ; brain development ; pituitary ; trauma ; hepcidin ; Alzheimer’s disease ; chaotropes ; social behavior ; Africa ; macrophage ; anemia of inflammation ; Tfr2 ; chelation ; cardiomyocyte ; IV iron therapy ; Oxidative stress ; treatment ; chronic kidney disease ; iron homeostasis ; oxygen sensing ; iron chelators ; age-related macular degeneration (AMD) ; pharmaceutical targets ; non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) ; iron dextran ; pulmonary arterial hypertension ; labile iron ; low and middle income countries ; ferroportin ; gut microbiota ; reducibility ; non-HFE ; oxidative stress ; antitumor compound ; senescence ; electron transfer ; nanotechnology ; iron deficiency ; neonatal period ; heme oxygenase ; hypoxia ; Anemia ; NCOA4 ; patient blood management ; microbiome ; anemia ; iron mobilization ; iron release ; phlebotomy ; peritoneal dialysis ; Friedreich Ataxia ; ferritin ; CD8+ T cells ; M cells ; neurodegenerative disease ; NaFeEDTA ; vascular calcification ; cinnamic acid derivatives ; oral iron salts ; lipid ; acute lung injury ; Iron-sulfur ; Interleukin-6 ; neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation ; macrophages ; erythroblastic islands ; cystic fibrosis ; neuroimmune responses ; flavin nucleotide ; hemopexin ; Iron chelators ; nutrient iron ; developing countries ; hereditary hypoferritinemia ; iron ; cancer ; Indonesia ; n/a ; Hfe ; HFE ; chronic heart failure ; iron supplementation ; intestinal inflammation ; TNF ; chelators ; hemolysis ; children ; pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells ; cytokines ; didox ; intravenous iron ; T lymphocytes ; colorectal cancer ; infants ; liver ; ferritinophagy ; hereditary hyperferritinemia ; SCFA ; rheumatoid arthritis ; membrane interactions ; Sucrosomial® iron ; lung ; Kupffer cell ; iron chelation ; erythrophagocytosis ; acute kidney injury ; neurophysiology ; iron transporters ; iron absorption ; infection ; ferroptosis ; fluorescent iron chelator ; neonatal ; SNC ; immunity ; mycobacteria ; non-haem iron ; natural history ; 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone ; haem ; inflammation ; bone homeostasis ; cardiovascular disease ; heme ; heme homeostasis ; protein binding ; brain ; iron deficiency anemia ; Fe2+-chelating activity ; bioengineering ; Mek/Erk ; Bmp/Smad ; iron delivery ; genetic hemochromatosis ; osteoclast ; histidine ; rhodamine ; COPD ; hemorrhage ; antibacterial activity ; bacteria ; SLC40A1 ; transferrin receptor ; drug delivery ; nanocage ; soybean seed ferritin ; pig ; iron metabolism ; kidney ; innate immunity ; cataracts syndrome ; erythropoiesis ; obesity ; mucosal immunity ; iron overload ; fluorophore ; binding ability ; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ; osteoporosis ; biomarker ; bioavailability ; adverse event profile ; metabolism ; iron-carbohydrate complex ; kinetics ; flavonoids ; iron regulatory proteins ; lung infection ; non transferrin bound iron ; central nurse macrophage ; iron processing ; malaria ; neurodegenerative diseases ; multifunctional iron chelators ; retina ; neuroinflammation ; anti-hepcidin therapy ; lung diseases ; anaemia ; RRM2 ; cognition ; mitochondria ; therapy ; NBIA ; red pulp macrophage ; efficacy ; hemochromatosis ; tolerability ; oral iron therapy ; growth ; venesections ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 165
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Electric power systems are headed for a true changing of the guard, due to the urgent need for achieving sustainable energy delivery. Fortunately, the development of new technologies is driving the transition of power systems toward a carbon-free paradigm while maintaining the current standards of quality, efficiency, and resilience. The introduction of HVDC and FACTS in the 20th century, taking advantage of dramatic improvements in power electronics and control, gave rise to unprecedented levels of flexibility and speed of response in comparison with traditional electromechanical devices. This flexibility is nowadays required more than ever in order to solve a puzzle with pieces that do not always fit perfectly. This Special Issue aims to address the role that FACTS and HVDC systems can play in helping electric power systems face the challenges of the near future.
    Keywords: VSC-HVDC ; unbalanced grid conditions ; double frequency ripples ; power compensation ; passive-based control ; disturbance observer ; dynamic capacitor ; inductive unbalanced load ; reactive power compensation ; imbalance suppression ; compensation ability ; HVDC transmission ; hybrid multi-terminal HVDC ; LCC ; MTDC ; power system analysis ; VSC ; breakers ; hybrid DC circuit breaker ; fault current limiters ; non-superconducting fault current limiters ; current-limiting inductors ; voltage source converter ; FACTS ; grid services ; CHIL ; PHIL ; lab testing ; field testing ; standards ; STATCOM ; replica ; review ; korean power system ; subsynchronous resonance (SSR) ; synchronous voltage reversal (SVR) ; thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) ; test signal method ; virtual synchronous machine ; synchronous power controller ; power quality ; harmonics ; hybrid power quality compensation system ; the thyristor-controlled L and C-type filter (TCL-CTF) ; ancillary services ; HVDC systems ; loss management ; frequency control ; voltage and reactive power control ; black start ; congestion management ; distribution networks ; hybrid AC/DC networks ; power systems ; high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission ; HVDC systems based on voltage source converters (VSC-HVDC) ; multi-terminal ; transient stability ; control strategies ; communication latency ; power oscillations ; UPFC ; non-linear control ; neural network ; model reference control ; High voltage direct current (HVDC) ; continuous commutation failures ; DC blocking ; emergency power support ; stability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 166
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, entropy has been used as a measure of the degree of chaos in dynamical systems. Thus, it is important to study entropy in nonlinear systems. Moreover, there has been increasing interest in the last few years regarding the novel classification of nonlinear dynamical systems including two kinds of attractors: self-excited attractors and hidden attractors. The localization of self-excited attractors by applying a standard computational procedure is straightforward. In systems with hidden attractors, however, a specific computational procedure must be developed, since equilibrium points do not help in the localization of hidden attractors. Some examples of this kind of system are chaotic dynamical systems with no equilibrium points; with only stable equilibria, curves of equilibria, and surfaces of equilibria; and with non-hyperbolic equilibria. There is evidence that hidden attractors play a vital role in various fields ranging from phase-locked loops, oscillators, describing convective fluid motion, drilling systems, information theory, cryptography, and multilevel DC/DC converters. This Special Issue is a collection of the latest scientific trends on the advanced topics of dynamics, entropy, fractional order calculus, and applications in complex systems with self-excited attractors and hidden attractors.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; S-Box algorithm ; empirical mode decomposition ; service game ; existence ; hyperchaotic system ; static memory ; complex-variable chaotic system ; neural network ; fractional-order ; permutation entropy ; adaptive approximator-based control ; BOPS ; Bogdanov Map ; complex systems ; Thurston’s algorithm ; parameter estimation ; fractional discrete chaos ; full state hybrid projective synchronization ; self-excited attractor ; stability ; PRNG ; inverse full state hybrid projective synchronization ; entropy measure ; chaos ; chaotic flow ; multistable ; core entropy ; multiscale multivariate entropy ; multistability ; new chaotic system ; strange attractors ; chaotic systems ; spatial dynamics ; spectral entropy ; resonator ; stochastic (strong) entropy solution ; multichannel supply chain ; Hubbard tree ; approximate entropy ; circuit design ; coexistence ; sample entropy ; chaotic maps ; chaotic map ; Gaussian mixture model ; entropy ; laser ; Non-equilibrium four-dimensional chaotic system ; multiple attractors ; projective synchronization ; hidden attractors ; hidden attractor ; chaotic system ; entropy analysis ; self-excited attractors ; multiple-valued ; self-reproducing system ; implementation ; unknown complex parameters ; optimization methods ; image encryption ; generalized synchronization ; uncertain dynamics ; fractional order ; nonlinear transport equation ; external rays ; Lyapunov exponents ; inverse generalized synchronization ; fixed point ; uniqueness ; electronic circuit realization ; synchronization ; Hopf bifurcation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 167
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    Taylor & Francis
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Drawing upon recent progress in development economics and political science, the book provides fresh analysis of the Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) countries transition to a market economy by tracing the impact of natural resource endowment. The book examines the synergies between energy-rich and energy-poor states and highlights the practical consequences of both well-managed and poorly-managed deployment of energy. Featuring contributions from prominent specialists on resource-driven economies, the book argues that unless CCA elites change the way in which they deploy natural resource, revenues regional development will fall short of its potential with possible disastrous consequences. The contributors apply the experience of the developing market economies to demonstrate that the region still holds considerable potential to become an important, stable supplier of raw materials and a source of industrial demand to the global economy. However, the CCA is equally likely to become a threat to the global economy as a consequence of the misuse of energy revenues to promote the interests of predatory political elites.
    Keywords: cca ; region ; resource ; poor ; countries ; growth ; collapse ; rent ; caspian ; sea ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTM Regional / International studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSL Ethnic studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTM Regional / International studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSL Ethnic studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Contamination of foods and agricultural commodities by various types of toxigenic fungi is a concerning issue for human and animal health. Moulds naturally present in foods can produce mycotoxins and contaminate foodstuffs under favourable conditions of temperature, relative humidity, pH, and nutrient availability. Mycotoxins are, in general, stable molecules that are difficult to remove from foods once they have been produced. Therefore, the prevention of mycotoxin contamination is one of the main goals of the agriculture and food industries. Chemical control or decontamination techniques may be quite efficient; however, the more sustainable and restricted use of fungicides, the lack of efficiency in some foods, and the consumer demand for chemical-residue-free foods require new approaches to control this hazard. Therefore, food safety demands continued research efforts for exploring new strategies to reduce mycotoxin contamination. This Special Issue contains original contributions and reviews that advance the knowledge about the most current promising approaches to minimize mycotoxin contamination, including biological control agents, phytochemical antifungal compounds, enzyme detoxification, and the use of novel technologies.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RA1190-1270 ; n/a ; decontamination ; superheated steam ; quercetin glycosides ; antagonism ; mode of action ; corn ; Botrytis sp. ; AITC ; binding ; degradation ; brine shrimp bioassay ; apple pomace ; nanoparticles ; enzymatic detoxification ; Bacillus ; estrogen response element ; Fusarium ; biological detoxification ; abiotic factors ; stability ; fumonisin esterase FumD ; mycotoxigenic fungi ; Aspergillus flavus ; Aflatoxin M1 ; Fusarium graminearum ; milk ; Penicillium digitatum ; biocontrol agents ; biological control ; dry-cured ham ; mycotoxin reduction ; Fusarium sp. ; enzyme kinetics ; Penicillium nordicum ; Satureja montana ; roasted coffee ; fermentation ; crisp biscuit ; detoxification ; essential oils ; gene expression ; probiotics ; zearalenone ; mycotoxins ; degradation products ; Geothrichum citri-aurantii ; garlic-derived extracts ; Zearalenone ; biodegradation ; EU limits ; storage ; Origanum virens ; aflatoxin ; fungal growth reduction ; green chemistry ; Penicillium italicum ; deoxynivalenol ; ?-Fe2O3 ; ochratoxin A (OTA) ; wheat ; cell-free extracts of Aspergillus oryzae ; photocatalysis ; wheat quality ; post-harvest phytopathogen ; cold plasma ; pinnatifidanoside D ; ochratoxin A ; oats ; cell proliferation ; estrogen receptor ; Penicillium verrucosum ; pig production performance ; phloridzin ; maize ; biotransformation ; fumonisin ; fungi ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The aging population and the increased prevalence of neurological diseases have raised the issue of gait and balance disorders as a major public concern worldwide. Indeed, gait and balance disorders are responsible for a high healthcare and economic burden on society, thus, requiring new solutions to prevent harmful consequences. Recently, wearable sensors have provided new challenges and opportunities to address this issue through innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Accordingly, the book “Wearable Sensors in the Evaluation of Gait and Balance in Neurological Disorders” collects the most up-to-date information about the objective evaluation of gait and balance disorders, by means of wearable biosensors, in patients with various types of neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and cerebellar ataxia. By adopting wearable technologies, the sixteen original research articles and reviews included in this book offer an updated overview of the most recent approaches for the objective evaluation of gait and balance disorders.
    Keywords: inertial measurement units ; gait analysis ; biomedical signal processing ; pattern recognition ; step detection ; physiological signals ; Parkinson’s disease ; pathological gait ; turning analysis ; wearable sensors ; mobile gait analysis ; wearables ; inertial sensors ; traumatic brain injury ; dynamic balance ; gait disorders ; gait patterns ; head injury ; gait symmetry ; gait smoothness ; acceleration ; machine learning ; classification ; accelerometer ; GAITRite ; multi-regression normalization ; SVM ; random forest classifier ; balance ; gait ; transcranial direct current stimulation ; wearable electronics ; IMUs ; cueing ; posture ; rehabilitation ; cerebellar ataxia ; movement analysis ; personalized medicine ; stroke ; asymmetry ; trunk ; reliability ; validity ; aging ; reactive postural responses ; yaw perturbation ; kinematics ; postural stability ; dynamic posturography ; multiple sclerosis ; gait metrics ; test-retest reliability ; sampling frequency ; accelerometry ; autocorrelation ; harmonic ratio ; six-minute walk ; back school ; inertial sensor ; lower back pain ; stability ; timed up and go test ; gait assessment ; tri-axial accelerometer ; CV ; healthy subjects ; test-retest ; trajectory reconstruction ; stride segmentation ; dynamic time warping ; pedestrian dead-reckoning ; near falls ; loss of balance ; pre-impact fall detection ; activities of daily life ; bio-signals ; EEG ; EMG ; wireless sensors ; posturography ; Alzheimer’s disease ; vestibular syndrome ; diagnosis ; symptoms monitoring ; wearable ; home-monitoring ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: In recent years, heavy metals have been widely used in agricultural, chemical, domestic, and technological applications, causing environmental and soil contaminations. Heavy metals enter the plant system through soil or via the atmosphere, and can accumulate, affecting physiological processes, plant growth, yield, and human health if heavy metals are stored in edible tissues. Understanding the regulation mechanisms of plant heavy metals accumulation and partitioning is important to improve the safety of the food chain. In this Special Issue book, a total of 19 articles were included; four reviews covering phytoremediation, manganese phytotoxicity in plants, the effect of cadmium on plant development, the genetic characteristics of Cd accumulation, and the research status of genes and QTLs in rice, respectively, as well as fifteen original research articles, mainly regarding the impact of cadmium on plants. Cadmium was therefore the predominant topic of this Special Issue, increasing the attention of the research community on the negative impacts determined by cadmium or cadmium associated with other heavy metals. The articles have highlighted a great genetic variability, suggesting different possibilities for accumulation, translocation and the reduction or control of heavy metal toxicity in plants.
    Keywords: cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ; transcriptome ; Cd stress ; GhHMAD5 ; overexpression ; VIGS (virus induced gene silence) ; cadmium ; glycinebetaine ; photosynthesis ; ultrastructure ; tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) ; Cadmium ; hyperaccumulator ; Viola baoshanensis ; detoxification ; Cd ; PtoABCG36 ; tolerance ; poplar ; accumulation ; efflux ; phytoremediation ; heavy metals ; hyperaccumulation ; plant genotype improvement ; soil management ; cadmium accumulation ; absorption and transport ; QTL location ; mapping population ; rice (Oryza sativa L.) ; selenium ; cadmium stress ; auxin ; root architecture ; phosphate transporter ; Nicotiana tabacum ; oxidative stress ; cell cycle ; cell wall ; germination ; reproduction ; plant growth and development ; antioxidative system ; Brassicaceae family ; mitogen-activated protein kinases ; Ulva compressa ; antioxidant ; metal chelator ; in vivo chlorophyll a florescence ; physiology ; mitogen activated protein kinases ; metal accumulation ; DNA methylation ; ABCC transporters ; HMA2 ; wheat ; metal stress tolerance ; manganese toxicity ; Mn detoxification ; tolerance mechanism ; gene function ; subcellular compartment ; lead ; nicotianamine ; mugineic acid ; heavy metal ; toxic metal ; durum wheat ; Arabidopsis ; small heat shock protein ; OsMSR3 ; copper stress ; reactive oxygen species ; copper and zinc ; expression in bacteria ; metallothioneins ; marine alga ; Brassica campestris L. ; glutathione synthetase ; glutathione S-transferase ; alternative splicing ; Italian ryegrass root ; LmAUX1 ; hormesis ; growth ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Investigating the microbiome is on the frontier of science. It has the potential to resolve many issues in the realms of energy, food, human health, the environment, and biotechnology. Scientists are trying to understand, in a fundamental way, how microbes influence each other and how they organize into interaction networks. These are the keys to predicting and engineering community function and properties of the microbiome. In this regard, mathematical modeling and computational analysis play an increasing role. This book is a collection of contributions from lead scientists in the field. It provides innovative approaches and fresh perspectives for modeling environmental communities and engineered microbial consortia. Reading this book will give researchers a solid look at cutting-edge science in microbial community modeling, and at the remaining challenges such modeling poses.
    Keywords: TP155-156 ; microbial interaction ; metabolic networks ; coexistence ; biofilm ; Microbial communities ; model consortia ; individual-based modeling ; metabolic coupling ; stability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) and their chemical analogs have been utilized as building materials due to their biocompatibility and programmability. RNA, which naturally possesses a wide range of different functions, is now being widely investigated for its role as a responsive biomaterial which dynamically reacts to changes in the surrounding environment. It is now evident that artificially designed self-assembling RNAs, that can form programmable nanoparticles and supra-assemblies, will play an increasingly important part in a diverse range of applications, such as macromolecular therapies, drug delivery systems, biosensing, tissue engineering, programmable scaffolds for material organization, logic gates, and soft actuators, to name but a few. The current exciting Special Issue comprises research highlights, short communications, research articles, and reviews that all bring together the leading scientists who are exploring a wide range of the fundamental properties of RNA and DNA nanoassemblies suitable for biomedical applications.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; cotranscriptional folding ; n/a ; RNA ; conditionally activated ; i-motif DNA ; spinal cord tumor ; fluorescence ; dynamic ; stability ; functional RNA ; ribozyme ; biological media ; RNA aptamers ; gene therapy ; biosensors ; viral vector ; ganciclovir ; RNA self-assembly ; RNA nanoparticle ; gene delivery ; riboswitch ; non-viral gene delivery ; NANPs ; silver nanoclusters ; small-angle neutron scattering ; contrast variation ; aptamers ; RNA logic ; fluorogenic RNA ; glioblastoma multiforme ; RNA interference ; nucleic acid nanoparticles ; immunostimulation ; aggregation ; small-angle X-ray scattering ; non-viral vector ; light-up aptamer ; nucleic acid therapeutic ; live-cell imaging ; DNA nanotechnology ; nucleic acid computing ; nanopores ; structural characterization ; siRNA ; suicide gene therapy ; nucleic acid nanoparticle ; cytosine rich sequences ; RNA nanotechnology ; logic gates ; serum ; conditional activation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Iron is an essential element for almost all organisms, a cofactor playing a crucial role in a number of vital functions, including oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and respiration. However, its ability to exchange electrons renders excess iron potentially toxic, since it is capable of catalyzing the formation of highly poisonous free radicals. As a consequence, iron homeostasis is tightly controlled by sophisticated mechanisms that have been partially elucidated. Because of its biological importance, numerous disorders have been recently linked to the deregulation of iron homeostasis, which include not only the typical disorders of iron overload and deficiency but also cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This leads iron metabolism to become an interesting therapeutic target for novel pharmacological treatments against these diseases. Several therapies are currently under development for hematological disorders, while other are being considered for different pathologies. The therapeutic targeting under study includes the hepcidin/ferroportin axis for the regulation of systemic iron homeostasis, complex cytosolic machineries for the regulation of the intracellular iron status and its association with oxidative damage, and reagents exploiting proteins of iron metabolism such as ferritin and transferrin receptor. A promising potential target is a recently described form of programmed cell death named ferroptosis, in which the role of iron is essential but not completely clarified. This Special Issue has the aim to summarize the state-of-the-art, and the latest findings published in the iron field, as well as to elucidate future directions.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QD415-436 ; Q1-390 ; developmental ; Anemia of chronic disease ; neurodegeneration ; supplementation ; MHC ; iron chelation therapy ; osteoblast ; serum biomarker ; FeSO4 ; haptoglobin ; prevention ; brain development ; pituitary ; trauma ; hepcidin ; Alzheimer’s disease ; chaotropes ; social behavior ; Africa ; macrophage ; anemia of inflammation ; Tfr2 ; chelation ; cardiomyocyte ; IV iron therapy ; Oxidative stress ; treatment ; chronic kidney disease ; iron homeostasis ; oxygen sensing ; iron chelators ; age-related macular degeneration (AMD) ; pharmaceutical targets ; non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) ; iron dextran ; pulmonary arterial hypertension ; labile iron ; low and middle income countries ; ferroportin ; gut microbiota ; reducibility ; non-HFE ; oxidative stress ; antitumor compound ; senescence ; electron transfer ; nanotechnology ; iron deficiency ; neonatal period ; heme oxygenase ; hypoxia ; Anemia ; NCOA4 ; patient blood management ; microbiome ; anemia ; iron mobilization ; iron release ; phlebotomy ; peritoneal dialysis ; Friedreich Ataxia ; ferritin ; CD8+ T cells ; M cells ; neurodegenerative disease ; NaFeEDTA ; vascular calcification ; cinnamic acid derivatives ; oral iron salts ; lipid ; acute lung injury ; Iron-sulfur ; Interleukin-6 ; neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation ; macrophages ; erythroblastic islands ; cystic fibrosis ; neuroimmune responses ; flavin nucleotide ; hemopexin ; Iron chelators ; nutrient iron ; developing countries ; hereditary hypoferritinemia ; iron ; cancer ; Indonesia ; n/a ; Hfe ; HFE ; chronic heart failure ; iron supplementation ; intestinal inflammation ; TNF ; chelators ; hemolysis ; children ; pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells ; cytokines ; didox ; intravenous iron ; T lymphocytes ; colorectal cancer ; infants ; liver ; ferritinophagy ; hereditary hyperferritinemia ; SCFA ; rheumatoid arthritis ; membrane interactions ; Sucrosomial® iron ; lung ; Kupffer cell ; iron chelation ; erythrophagocytosis ; acute kidney injury ; neurophysiology ; iron transporters ; iron absorption ; infection ; ferroptosis ; fluorescent iron chelator ; neonatal ; SNC ; immunity ; mycobacteria ; non-haem iron ; natural history ; 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone ; haem ; inflammation ; bone homeostasis ; cardiovascular disease ; heme ; heme homeostasis ; protein binding ; brain ; iron deficiency anemia ; Fe2+-chelating activity ; bioengineering ; Mek/Erk ; Bmp/Smad ; iron delivery ; genetic hemochromatosis ; osteoclast ; histidine ; rhodamine ; COPD ; hemorrhage ; antibacterial activity ; bacteria ; SLC40A1 ; transferrin receptor ; drug delivery ; nanocage ; soybean seed ferritin ; pig ; iron metabolism ; kidney ; innate immunity ; cataracts syndrome ; erythropoiesis ; obesity ; mucosal immunity ; iron overload ; fluorophore ; binding ability ; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ; osteoporosis ; biomarker ; bioavailability ; adverse event profile ; metabolism ; iron-carbohydrate complex ; kinetics ; flavonoids ; iron regulatory proteins ; lung infection ; non transferrin bound iron ; central nurse macrophage ; iron processing ; malaria ; neurodegenerative diseases ; multifunctional iron chelators ; retina ; neuroinflammation ; anti-hepcidin therapy ; lung diseases ; anaemia ; RRM2 ; cognition ; mitochondria ; therapy ; NBIA ; red pulp macrophage ; efficacy ; hemochromatosis ; tolerability ; oral iron therapy ; growth ; venesections ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The present book covers all research areas related to magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic nanorods, and other magnetic nanospecies, their preparation, characterization, and various applications, specifically emphasizing biomedical applications. The chapters written by the leading experts cover different subareas of the science and technology related to various magnetic nanospecies—providing broad coverage of this multifaceted area and its applications. The different topics addressed in this book will be of great interest to the interdisciplinary community active in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It is hoped that this collection and its various chapters will be important and beneficial for researchers and students working in various areas related to bionanotechnology, materials science, biosensor applications, medicine, and many others. Furthermore, this book is aimed at attracting young scientists and introducing them to this field, in addition to providing newcomers with an enormous collection of literature references.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; multi-core ; cancer treatment ; graphene oxide ; n/a ; pharmaceutics ; optical sensor ; multifunctional nanoparticles ; immunoassay ; nanoparticles ; surface plasmon resonance ; toxin detection ; magnetic hyperthermia ; magnetic separation ; antibody ; core-shell composition ; biosensors ; magnetic anisotropy ; cancer biomarkers ; food analytes ; magnetic relaxation ; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles ; separation probe ; single core ; physical-chemical properties ; cancer screening ; surface modification ; magnetism ; physical and chemical methods ; superparticles ; collective behaviors ; pathogens ; magnetic nanoparticle systems ; bio-ferrofluids ; magnetic Janus particles ; toxin capture ; controlled drug delivery ; synthesis ; magnetite ; cancer detection ; extracellular vesicles ; structural characterization ; magnetic nanotubes ; nanomedicine ; functional coating ; fluorescent probes ; superparamagnetism ; surface functionalization ; self-propelled ; magnetorheology ; optical ; Magnetic bead ; tissue engineering ; magnetic/targeted drug delivery ; aptamer ; real sample matrices ; bioimaging ; nanotechnology ; high-resolution medical imaging ; cells/cancer cells ; iron oxide nanoclusters ; magnetofection ; stability ; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ; circulating cancer cells ; development ; static ; magnetic nanowires ; analytical platform ; functionalized nanoparticles ; biomarkers ; nanocarriers ; magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) ; fluorescence spectroscopy ; curie temperature ; imaging ; electrochemical ; magnetically responsive photonic crystals ; (bio)sensing ; near infrared spectroscopy ; sensor ; marine toxin ; NiCu magnetic nanoparticles ; magnetic nanoparticles ; green chemistry ; iron oxide ; magnetic nanoparticle ; enzyme immobilization ; immunosensor ; heat generation ; electrochemical biosensor ; therapy ; cellulase immobilization ; biomedicine ; pharmaceuticals ; magnetic particles ; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ; food safety ; sensors ; biodetection ; photothermal therapy ; supporting materials ; cancer ; MNPs functionalization ; MNPs synthesis ; surface sensitive methods ; immobilization support ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue Machining—Recent Advances, Applications and Challenges is intended as a humble collection of some of the hottest topics in machining. The manufacturing industry is a varying and challenging environment where new advances emerge from one day to another. In recent years, new manufacturing procedures have retained increasing attention from the industrial and scientific community. However, machining still remains the key operation to achieve high productivity and precision for high-added value parts. Continuous research is performed, and new ideas are constantly considered. This Special Issue summarizes selected high-quality papers which were submitted, peer-reviewed, and recommended by experts. It covers some (but not only) of the following topics: High performance operations for difficult-to-cut alloys, wrought and cast materials, light alloys, ceramics, etc.; Cutting tools, grades, substrates and coatings. Wear damage; Advanced cooling in machining: Minimum quantity of lubricant, dry or cryogenics; Modelling, focused on the reduction of risks, the process outcome, and to maintain surface integrity; Vibration problems in machines: Active and passive/predictive methods, sources, diagnosis and avoidance; Influence of machining in new concepts of machine–tool, and machine static and dynamic behaviors; Machinability of new composites, brittle and emerging materials; Assisted machining processes by high-pressure, laser, US, and others; Introduction of new analytics and decision making into machining programming. We wish to thank the reviewers and staff from Materials for their comments, advice, suggestions and invaluable support during the development of this Special Issue.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; in situ estimation ; modeling ; simulation ; variable pitch ; X-ray diffraction ; cutting edge preparation ; plastic zone ; flank milling ; surface roughness ; power consumption ; cutting tool ; fatigue ; additive manufacturing ; optimization ; trochoidal step ; surface topography ; sinusoidal grid ; milling ; desirability approach ; electrochemical discharge machining ; fast simulation ; Inconel 718 ; secondary adhesion wear ; machinability ; hybrid stacks drilling ; cooling rate ; shape memory alloy ; residual stress ; diameter variation ; turning ; computer vision ; workholding ; on-machine monitoring ; chip morphology ; dry-cutting ; turning machine tools ; SACE-drilled hole depth ; residual stresses ; cryogenic machining ; prime machining costs ; PVD Ti0.41Al0.59N/Ti0.55Al0.45N coating ; single point incremental sheet forming ; butt weld joint ; dish angle ; machining characteristic ; DSC test ; segmented diamond blade ; cutting tool wear ; ultra-precision machining ; ceramics ; shape memory effect ; current density ; fractal dimension ; crack growth rate ; drilling ; force–temperature correlation through analytical modeling ; finite element model ; analytic solution ; aluminium ; taguchi method ; multi-objective optimization ; real-time prediction ; Gamma-TiAl ; cutting temperature ; EN 31 steel ; superalloys ; material-removal rate ; glass machining ; corner radius ; thin-wall machining ; vibration ; GPU ; titanium aluminides ; minimum quantity lubrication ; machining temperatures at two deformation zones ; finite element method ; roughness ; slight materials ; high computational efficiency ; dynamic ; adhesive ; heat transfer analysis ; connections ; stability ; vibrations ; trochoidal milling ; magnesium alloys ; specific cutting energy ; laser-assisted machining ; artificial neutral network ; microscopic analysis ; Milling stability ; topography ; weight loss ; modal testing ; sustainable machining ; dry ; damping ; ductile machining ; Inconel® 718 ; modelling ; cutting edge microgeometry ; electropulsing ; PCD ; cutting geometry ; fixture ; artificial neural networks ; spark-assisted chemical engraving ; machining ; specific energy consumption ; heat transfer search algorithm ; material removal rate ; prediction ; CFRP/UNS A92024 ; tool wear ; titanium alloy ; multi-beam laser ; chip compression ratio ; design of experiments ; concrete ; ANN ; titanium ; chatter ; response surface methodology ; machine tool ; superelastic nitinol ; optimal machining conditions ; machine vision ; steel sheet ; cutting process ; fracture mechanism ; self-excitation ; tool insert condition ; induction assisted milling ; hole quality ; GA ; titanium alloys ; microlens array ; parameter identification ; Taguchi method ; weld reinforcement ; slow tool servo ; cutting parameters ; flank super abrasive machining (SAM) ; stiffness properties ; grey relational analysis ; deflection ; computer numerical control ; grain density ; surface grinding ; the cutting force components ; Huber–Mises stress ; WEDM ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The direct conversion of sunlight into electricity (photovoltaic or PV for short) is evolving rapidly, and is a technology becoming a mainstream clean energy production method. However, to compete with conventional energy production methods using fossil fuels, the conversion efficiency needs to be increased, and the manufacturing cost should be reduced further. Both of these require the improvement of solar energy materials, and the device architectures used for the conversion of light into electrical energy. This Special Issue presents the latest developments in some solar energy materials like Si, CdTe, CIGS, SnS and Perovskites), and the device structures suitable for next generation solar cells. In particular, the progress in graded bandgap multi-layer solar cells are presented in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: electroplating ; semiconductors ; large-area electronics ; characterisation ; solar cells ; perovskite solar cell ; hole blocking layer ; solution spin-coating ; TiO2/SnO2 layer ; anti-reflection coating ; potential-induced degradation ; solar cell ; plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition ; organic solar cells ; perovskite solar cells ; encapsulation ; stability ; Cu(In,Ga)Se2 ; mini-module ; numerical simulation ; P1 shunt ; space charge region (SCR) ; TCAD ; transistor effect ; electrodeposition ; CdTe film ; two-electrode configuration ; thin films ; electroplating temperature ; photovoltaic ; CdTe ; CdS ; luminescence ; spectroscopy ; CdSe ; CdTe1−xSex ; photovoltaics ; review ; tin monosulfide ; tin disulfide ; chemical solution process ; absorber ; buffer ; renewable energy ; ethlammonium ; formamidinium ; microstructure ; perovskite ; SnS/SnS2 ; CdS/CdTe ; CIGS ; silicon ; electroplating of semiconductors ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Power electronics technology is still an emerging technology, and it has found its way into many applications, from renewable energy generation (i.e., wind power and solar power) to electrical vehicles (EVs), biomedical devices, and small appliances, such as laptop chargers. In the near future, electrical energy will be provided and handled by power electronics and consumed through power electronics; this not only will intensify the role of power electronics technology in power conversion processes, but also implies that power systems are undergoing a paradigm shift, from centralized distribution to distributed generation. Today, more than 1000 GW of renewable energy generation sources (photovoltaic (PV) and wind) have been installed, all of which are handled by power electronics technology. The main aim of this book is to highlight and address recent breakthroughs in the range of emerging applications in power electronics and in harmonic and electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues at device and system levels as discussed in ?robust and reliable power electronics technologies, including fault prognosis and diagnosis technique stability of grid-connected converters and ?smart control of power electronics in devices, microgrids, and at system levels.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; Q-factor ; lithium-ion power battery pack ; electromagnetic field (EMF) ; expert systems ; total harmonic distortion (THD) ; current-fed inverter ; rotor design ; class-D amplifier ; LCL-S topology ; current switching ripple ; system in package ; energy storage modelling ; smart micro-grid ; embedded systems ; equivalent inductance ; SHIL ; permanent magnet ; static var generator (SVG) ; permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) ; control strategy and algorithm ; digital control ; zero-voltage switching (ZVS) ; SOC estimator ; electric power ; optimal design ; electromagnetic field interference (EMI) ; line frequency instability ; analog phase control ; five-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine ; distribution generation ; leakage inductance ; adjacent two-phase open circuit fault (A2-Ph) ; chaotic PWM ; electric vehicles ; CMOS chaotic circuit ; series active filter ; cascaded topology ; total demand distortion ; efficiency motor ; triangular ramp generator ; 4T analog MOS control ; inductive coupling ; induction machines ; nanocrystalline core ; semi-active bridge ; multi-level control ; simulation models ; voltage source inverters (VSI) ; battery management system BMS ; voltage source converter ; current control loops ; droop control ; particle swarm optimization ; variable control gain ; state of charge SoC ; extended Kalman filter ; transient control ; multi-objective optimization ; composite equalizer ; converter ; DHIL ; five-leg voltage source inverter ; axial flux machines ; bifurcation ; active receivers ; field programmable gate array ; Nyquist stability analysis ; electric vehicle ; static compensator ; stability ; common-mode inductor ; DC–DC converters ; support vector machines ; electromagnetic compatibility ; real-time simulation ; passive equalization ; matrix converters ; wireless power transfer ; digital phase control ; compensation topology ; volt-per-hertz control (scalar control) ; switching losses ; voltage control ; hybrid converter ; bidirectional converter ; coupling factor ; selective harmonic elimination method ; power electronics ; soft switching ; optimization design ; multilevel inverter ; five-phase machine ; phase-shift control ; lithium-ion battery ; voltage boost ; VPI active damping control ; parameter identification ; electrical engineering communications ; current control ; DC–DC conversion ; battery management system ; GaN cascode ; single-switch ; high-frequency modeling ; synchronous motor ; power quality ; water purification ; power factor correction (PFC) ; composite active vectors modulation (CVM) ; digital signal controller ; line start ; power density ; hardware in loop ; n/a ; fault diagnosis ; multi-level converter (MLC) ; induction motor ; dual three-phase (DTP) permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) ; neural networks ; electromagnetic interference filter ; battery chargers ; power converter ; harmonics ; multiphase space vector modulation ; torque ripple ; power factor correction ; electrical drives ; modular multilevel converter (MMC) ; active power filter ; double layer capacitor (DLC) models ; PMSG ; response time ; resonator structure ; floating-point ; effect factors ; DC-link voltage control ; sliding mode control ; phasor model technique ; wireless power transfer (WPT) ; slim DC-link drive ; fault-tolerant control ; lithium-ion batteries ; DC-AC power converters ; conducting angle determination (CAD) techniques ; variable speed pumped storage system ; impedance-based model ; one cycle control ; renewable energy sources ; series-series compensation ; cogging torque ; active rectifiers ; three-level boost converter (TLBC) ; DC-link cascade H-bridge (DCLCHB) inverter ; battery energy storage systems ; filter ; power management system ; improved extended Kalman filter ; dead-time compensation ; disturbance observer ; reference phase calibration ; frequency locking ; space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) ; predictive controllers ; nine switch converter ; transmission line ; spread-spectrum technique ; energy storage ; electromagnetic interference ; renewable energy resources control ; harmonic linearization ; misalignment ; plug-in hybrid electric vehicles ; high level programing ; nearest level modulation (NLM) ; magnetic equivalent circuit ; EMI filter ; permanent-magnet machines ; real-time emulation ; switched capacitor ; back EMF ; fixed-point ; HF-link MPPT converter ; condition monitoring ; WPT standards ; switching frequency ; switching frequency modelling ; high frequency switching power supply ; field-programmable gate array ; three-phase bridgeless rectifier ; ice melting ; AC–DC power converters ; hybrid power filter ; PSpice ; microgrid control ; total harmonic distortion ; grid-connected inverter ; dynamic PV model ; fuzzy ; boost converter ; SiC PV Supply ; voltage doubling ; nonlinear control ; distributed control ; power system operation and control ; one phase open circuit fault (1-Ph) ; direct torque control (DTC) ; battery modeling ; non-linear phenomena ; frequency-domain analysis ; advanced controllers ; vector control ; fixed-frequency double integral sliding-mode (FFDISM) ; power converters ; modulation index ; DC-DC buck converter ; small signal stability analysis ; active equalization ; voltage source inverter ; hardware-in-the-loop ; current source ; synchronization ; grid-connected VSI ; synchronous generator ; fault tolerant control ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In 2015, the first pharmaceutical cocrystal was approved by the FDA. Since then, the number of cocrystals on the market and in the development pipeline has been slowly but steadily growing. It is now well established that cocrystals are a versatile new approach to oral drug formulation. This Reprint Book is a collection of articles that show the utility of pharmaceutical cocrystals and various aspects of cocrystal research: • Cocrystals as a strategy to modify the physicochemical properties of a drug such as dissolution behaviour, tabletability, and melting point; • Development of new coformers; • Screening studies for multiple cocrystal forms; • Cocrystals in nano-sized drug delivery.
    Keywords: nitazoxanide ; cocrystals ; multicomponent crystals ; dissolution behavior ; supersaturated formulations ; crystallization inhibitors ; drug-polymer interactions ; nano co-crystals ; crystal engineering ; polydispersity index ; zeta potential ; particle size ; zidovudine ; lamivudine ; HIV/AIDS ; sonochemistry ; imidazole N-oxides ; barbituric acid ; thiobarbituric acid ; pharmaceutical cocrystals ; mechanochemistry ; solid state NMR ; X-ray Diffraction ; design of experiments ; Quality by Design ; cocrystal ; compaction ; nanoindentation ; slip plane ; tabletability ; surface topology ; interparticulate bonding area ; interparticulate bonding strength ; nefiracetam ; solid state ; solubility ; dissolution rate ; stability ; formulation ; diclofenac sodium ; L-proline ; salt cocrystal ; multicomponent crystal ; monohydrate ; tetrahydrate ; dissolution ; itraconazole ; terephthalic acid ; crystal structure ; solid-state ; thermal analysis ; wettability ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: MEDER 2018, the IFToMM International Symposium on Mechanism Design for Robotics, was the fourth event in a series that was started in 2010 as a specific conference activity on mechanisms for robots. The aim of the MEDER Symposium is to bring researchers, industry professionals, and students together from a broad range of disciplines dealing with mechanisms for robots, in an intimate, collegial, and stimulating environment. In the 2018 MEDER event, we received significant attention regarding this initiative, as can be seen by the fact that the Proceedings contain contributions by authors from all around the world.The Proceedings of the MEDER 2018 Symposium have been published within the Springer book series on MMS, and the book contains 52 papers that have been selected after review for oral presentation. These papers cover several aspects of the wide field of robotics dealing with mechanism aspects in theory, design, numerical evaluations, and applications.This Special Issue of Robotics (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/robotics/special_issues/MDR) has been obtained as a result of a second review process and selection, but all the papers that have been accepted for MEDER 2018 are of very good quality with interesting contents that are suitable for journal publication, and the selection process has been difficult.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; robot control ; cylindrical ; V2SOM ; 3-UPU parallel mechanism ; McKibben muscle ; compliance control ; gait planning ; grasp stability ; robot singularity ; safety mechanism ; robot ; exercising device ; hexapod walking robot ; inadvertent braking ; energy efficiency ; robotic cell ; humanoid robots ; collaborative robot ; robot wrists ; humanoid robotic hands ; stability ; cable-driven robots ; image processing ; fail-safe operation ; VSA ; graphical user interface ; computer-aided design ; robotic legs ; human-robot-interaction ; shape changing ; painting robot ; shape memory alloy ; velocity control ; underactuated fingers ; safe physical human–robot interaction (pHRI) ; human-machine interaction ; compliant mechanism ; iCub ; robot-assisted Doppler sonography ; pHRI ; spherical parallel mechanism ; mobile manipulation ; economic locomotion ; haptic glove ; learning by demonstration ; robot kinematics ; variable stiffness actuator (VSA) ; workspace analysis ; singularity analysis ; collaborative robots ; parallel mechanisms ; rolling ; SMA actuator ; elliptical ; cable-driven parallel robots ; non-photorealistic rendering ; redundancy ; kinematic redundancy ; variable stiffness actuator ; trajectory planning ; kinematics ; pneumatic artificial muscle ; artistic rendering ; force reflection ; safe physical human–robot interaction ; orientational mechanisms ; teleoperation ; actuation burden ; cobot ; hand exoskeleton ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 180
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In the current context of the electronic governance of society, both administrations and citizens are demanding greater participation of all the actors involved in the decision-making process relative to the governance of society. This book presents collective works published in the recent Special Issue (SI) entitled “Optimization for Decision Making”. These works give an appropriate response to the new challenges raised, the decision-making process can be done by applying different methods and tools, as well as using different objectives. In real-life problems, the formulation of decision-making problems and application of optimization techniques to support decisions are particularly complex and a wide range of optimization techniques and methodologies are used to minimize risks, improve quality in making decisions, or, in general, to solve problems. In addition, a sensitivity or robustness analysis should be done to validate/analyze the influence of uncertainty regarding decision-making. This book brings together a collection of inter-/multi-disciplinary works applied to the optimization for decision making in a coherent manner.
    Keywords: probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy sets ; distance measures ; aggregation operators ; consumer behavior ; multi-criteria decision-making ; maximum deviation method ; Monorail ; urban transportation planning ; Analytic Network Process ; Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution ; shift scheduling ; goal programming ; ANP ; natural gas combined cycle power plant ; energy sector ; Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) ; group decision making ; consistency ; compatibility ; multiple criteria group decision making (MCGDM) problems ; picture fuzzy sets (PFSs) ; picture 2-tuple linguistic numbers (P2TLNs) ; picture 2-tuple linguistic sets (P2TLSs) ; EDAS model ; green supplier selection ; human development ; internal security ; MCDM ; weight balancing ; WEBIRA ; cluster analysis ; homogeneous groups ; Bayesian analysis ; multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) ; q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFSs) ; cosine function ; cosine similarity measure ; pattern recognition ; scheme selection ; group decision-making ; hesitant fuzzy set ; interval-valued probability ; muirhead mean and programming model ; dual hesitant Pythagorean fuzzy sets (DHPFSs) ; dual hesitant Pythagorean fuzzy generalized weighted Heronian mean (DHPFGWHM) operator ; dual hesitant Pythagorean fuzzy generalized geometric weighted Heronian mean (DHPFGGWHM) operator ; supply chain management ; hesitant fuzzy element (HFE) ; Hamacher operations ; hesitant fuzzy Hamacher power-aggregation operators ; multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) ; air traffic management ; work-shift scheduling problem ; variable neighborhood search ; performance analysis ; optimization ; decision-making ; MADM ; SAW ; COPRAS ; TOPSIS ; PROMETHEE ; MOORA ; normalization ; stability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 181
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue with 35 published articles shows the significance of the topic “Signal Processing and Analysis of Electrical Circuit”. This topic has been gaining increasing attention in recent times. The presented articles can be categorized into four different areas: signal processing and analysis methods of electrical circuits; electrical measurement technology; applications of signal processing of electrical equipment; fault diagnosis of electrical circuits. It is a fact that the development of electrical systems, signal processing methods, and circuits has been accelerating. Electronics applications related to electrical circuits and signal processing methods have gained noticeable attention in recent times. The methods of signal processing and electrical circuits are widely used by engineers and scientists all over the world. The constituent papers represent a significant contribution to electronics and present applications that can be used in industry. Further improvements to the presented approaches are required for realizing their full potential.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; fault diagnosis ; FPGA ; induction motor ; SAR ADC ; accuracy ; spectral analysis ; multi-sensor fusion ; tilt sensor ; least squares solution ; method of images ; wasps ; spatially adapted regularization parameter ; noise reduction ; phase angle ; fault injection ; direct sampling ; ADMM ; transmitter ; hardware ; frequency characteristic ; reconstruction probability ; array signal processing ; bees ; multigroup scan ; tuning ; method ; receiver ; underwater acoustic signal ; channel-selection-embedded bootstrap ; demodulation ; low noise ; time delay ; low-cost ; insects ; Resistance-to-Period converter ; frequency standard comparator ; system errors ; microcontroller ; ICEEMD ; phase-locked loop ; broadband ; loop delay circuit ; CMOS technology ; hierarchical heterogeneous multi-DAG workflow ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; compressed sensing ; induced current ; pole-frequency ; e-traps ; rod electrode ; Support Vector Machines ; ratiometric technique ; differential capacitive sensor ; feature extraction ; night vision ; intention of movement classification ; chebyshev polynomial ; RDL ; time-interleaved ; binary search ; current buffer ; power management integrated circuit ; induced charge ; direct digital synthesizer (DDS) ; dynamic comparator ; chirality ; high speed ; SIMON ; duffing chaotic oscillator (DCO) ; DAC ; digital image ; VMD ; short-circuit fault ; comparator ; commutator motor ; fruit flies ; power randomization ; Shannon entropy ; secret image sharing ; interconnect line ; ADC ; automatic calibration ; signal processing ; image fusion ; EMG-Signals ; LiDAR odometry ; 3D-IC design ; phase difference ; matrix eigen-perturbation theory ; delay cell ; analog-to-digital converter ; brick-wall filter ; current mirror ; DC–DC converter ; measurement noise suppression ; class AB operation ; Cramér–Rao bound ; impulse noise ; chain matrix ; frequency tuning word (FTW) ; stability ; colluder attack ; range sensing ; resolver ; IMF ; NILT ; acoustic ; sensor data fusion ; multichannel acquisition ; simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) ; successive approximation register ; passive resistor ; ripple voltage measurement ; capacitance-to-time conversion ; switched capacitor ; heterogeneous earliest finish time ; variational mode decomposition (VMD) ; offset calibration ; color palette ; low power ; segmented pre-quantization and bypass ; quasi floating gate ; Fresnel lens ; LVDS ; peak-ripple estimation ; electrostatic induction ; correlation function ; ship-radiated noise ; attenuation ; PM/PWM ; impedance spectrometry ; TSV noise coupling ; ultrasonic phased array ; Chebyshev filter ; true-time-delay ; technique ; permutation entropy (PE) ; CMOS ; stochastic gradient ; image restoration ; double rate ; asynchronous ; complementary filters ; Inner and outer product ; optoelectronics ; singular value decomposition ; signal analysis ; robust read-out circuits ; low-power ; HOCTVL1 ; overlap-add processing ; fuzzy logic ; differential power analysis (DPA) ; random noise ; wingbeat ; discrete wavelet transform ; tensor ; intelligent vehicles ; estimated sparsity ; Doppler shifts ; FRA ; direct position determination ; dual Mixing Time difference ; all-pass filter ; APF ; n-out-of-n scheme ; high-speed serial interface ; CNFET ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This is a collection of 18 papers, two of which are reviews and seven are invited feature papers, that together form the Photonics Special Issue “Semiconductor Laser Dynamics: Fundamentals and Applications”, published in 2020. This collection is edited by Daan Lenstra, an internationally recognized specialist in the field for 40 years.
    Keywords: injection locking ; optical filter ; semiconductor laser ; optical comb ; semiconductor lasers ; nonlinear dynamics ; optical injection ; chaos synchronization ; intra-cavity propagation delay ; secure optical communication ; quantum dot lasers ; excited-state ; chaos ; chaotic communication ; communication system security ; coupled lasers ; stability ; normal modes ; coupled modes ; optical injection locking ; microwave carrier generation ; hybrid photonic integration ; locking range ; photonic integrated circuit ; microwave generation ; laser dynamics ; optoelectronics oscillator ; photonic integrated circuits ; mutual coupling ; semiconductor ring laser ; optical feedback ; laser stability ; parity–time symmetry ; intensity dynamics ; feedback ; delay ; reservoir computing ; neuromorphic computing ; two delay-coupled lasers ; weak coupling limit ; optically injected laser ; InP semiconductor optical amplifier ; hybrid integration ; narrow intrinsic linewidth ; dual-wavelength laser ; laser frequency comb ; integrated photonic circuits ; low-loss Si3N4 waveguides ; external-cavity diode laser ; interference filter ; laser diode ; laser stabilization ; space optical clock ; high-speed VCSELs ; multi-mode VCSELs ; intrinsic laser dynamics ; equivalent circuit modeling ; intrinsic modulation response ; bifurcations ; laser chaos ; chaotic laser diode ; dynamics and stability ; laser coupling ; integrated lasers ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 183
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Horticultural crop yield and quality depend on genotype, environmental conditions, and production management. In particular, adverse environmental conditions may greatly affect crop performance, reducing crop yield by 50%–70%. Abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, drought, flooding, salinity, nutrient deficiency, and ultraviolet radiation affect multiple physiological and biochemical mechanisms in plants as they attempt to cope with the stress conditions. However, different crop species can have different sensitivities or tolerances to specific abiotic stresses. Tolerant plants may activate different strategies to adapt to or avoid the negative effect of abiotic stresses. At the physiological level, photosynthetic activity and light-use efficiency of plants may be modulated to enhance tolerance against the stress. At the biochemical level, several antioxidant systems may be activated, and many enzymes may produce stress-related metabolites to help avoid cellular damage, including compounds such as proline, glycine betaine, and amino acids. Within each crop species there is a wide variability of tolerance to abiotic stresses, and some wild relatives may carry useful traits for enhancing the tolerance to abiotic stresses in their progeny through either traditional or biotechnological breeding. The research papers and reviews presented in this book provide an update of the scientific knowledge of crop interactions with abiotic stresses.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; heat ; polyphenols ; stomatal conductance ; shelf-life ; transpiration productivity ; transcription ; ornamental plants ; cold ; green areas ; flowering ; agronomic tools ; gas exchange ; ornamental ; prolonged storage ; transpiration ; greenhouse production ; dormancy ; temperature ; irradiance ; chilling requirements ; qPCR ; phenolics ; lodging ; hypoxia ; salinity ; relative humidity ; signal transduction ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; leaf water saturation deficit ; solar radiation ; plant choice ; partial root zone drying ; drought ; electro-conductivity ; growth ; flavonoids ; transpiration efficiency ; cloning ; oxidative stress ; breeding ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 184
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: As sessile organisms, plants have to cope with a multitude of natural and anthropogenic forms of stress in their environment. Due to their longevity, this is of particular significance for trees. As a consequence, trees develop an orchestra of resilience and resistance mechanisms to biotic and abiotic stresses in order to support their growth and development in a constantly changing atmospheric and pedospheric environment. The objective of this Special Issue of Forests is to summarize state-of-art knowledge and report the current progress on the processes that determine the resilience and resistance of trees from different zonobiomes as well as all forms of biotic and abiotic stress from the molecular to the whole tree level.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA170-171 ; pure stands ; n/a ; ion relation ; Heterobasidion annosum ; salicylic acid ; antioxidant enzymes ; antioxidant activity ; Luquasorb ; intrinsic water-use efficiency ; Greece ; Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. ; ion homeostasis ; photosynthesis ; Pinus massoniana ; Stockosorb ; water relations ; Norway spruce ; rubber tree ; hydrophilic polymers ; drought stress ; ion relationships ; Carpinus betulus ; tree rings ; N nutrition ; disturbance ; Populus simonii Carr. (poplar) ; infection ; subcellular localization ; basal area increment ; mixed stands ; photosynthetic responses ; Aleppo pine ; water potential ; elevation gradient ; living cell ; physiological response ; antioxidant enzyme activity ; ion contents ; signal network ; expression ; soil N ; GA-signaling pathway ; differentially expressed genes ; Ca2+ signal ; climate ; ecophysiology ; Robinia pseudoacacia L. ; Heterobasidion parviporum ; mid-term ; plant tolerance ; canopy conductance ; DELLA ; tapping panel dryness ; osmotic adjustment substances ; abiotic stress ; wood formation ; malondialdehyde ; salinity treatments ; organic osmolytes ; bamboo forest ; non-structural carbohydrate ; Abies alba Mill. ; tree ; salt stress ; Populus euphratica ; proline ; nutrition ; Carpinus turczaninowii ; plasma membrane Ca2+ channels ; gene regulation ; pathogen ; TCP ; forest type ; functional analysis ; Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. ; long-term drought ; defense response ; cold stress ; silicon fertilization ; gas exchange ; Fagus sylvatica L. ; glutaredoxin ; water availability ; 24-epiBL application ; Konjac glucomannan ; leaf properties ; reactive oxygen species ; sap flow ; ?13C ; salinity ; morphological indices ; chloroplast ultrastructure ; Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) ; drought ; soluble sugar ; molecular cloning ; starch ; growth ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 185
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue collects the latest results on differential/difference equations, the mathematics of networks, and their applications to engineering and physical phenomena. It features nine high-quality papers that were published with original research results. The Special Issue brings together mathematicians with physicists, engineers, as well as other scientists.
    Keywords: fractional discrete calculus ; discrete chaos ; Tinkerbell map ; bifurcation ; stabilization ; communication networks ; maximum flow ; network policies ; algorithms ; gas flow ; stress-sensitive porous media ; multiple hydraulic fractures ; vertical fractured well ; Output-feedback ; centralized control ; decentralized control ; closed-loop stabilization ; Hardy Cross method ; pipe networks ; piping systems ; hydraulic networks ; gas distribution ; multi-switching combination synchronization ; time-delay ; fractional-order ; stability ; Shehu transformation ; Adomian decomposition ; analytical solution ; Caputo derivatives ; (2+time fractional-order) dimensional physical models ; homotopy perturbation method ; variational iteration method ; Laplace transform method ; acoustic wave equations ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 186
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: The interest in the topic of spirituality as a more or less independent dimension of quality of life is continuously growing, and research questions are beginning to change as the field of religiosity changes, becoming more diverse and pluralistic. Addressing new topics in health research also relies on standardized questionnaires. The number of instruments intended to measure specific aspects of spirituality is growing, and it is particularly difficult to evaluate the new instruments. This Special Issue will focus on some of the established instruments (updating them to different languages and cultures), but will also describe the features and intentions of newly-developed instruments, which may potentially be used in larger studies to develop knowledge relevant to spiritual care and practice. This Special Issue will serve as a resource on the instruments used to study the wide range of organized religiosity, the individual experience of the divine, and an open approach in the search for meaning and purpose in life.
    Keywords: BL1-50 ; clinical setting ; n/a ; healthy persons ; religious beliefs ; Franciscan ; psychometric properties ; evaluation ; religiosity ; spiritual needs ; factorial structure ; Brazil ; struggles ; validation ; self-report measure of religion ; Validation ; active duty military ; Filipino students ; patients ; exploratory factor analysis ; SHALOM ; spirituality ; attachment theory ; Islam ; chronic disease ; internal consistency ; Attachment to God Inventory ; spiritual jihad ; Catholics ; transcultural adaptation ; questionnaire ; post-traumatic stress disorder ; veterans ; elderly ; internal conflict ; engagement frequency ; measurement ; styles of attachment ; spiritual well-being ; Christian religious practices ; Lithuania ; moral injury ; scoping review ; Muslims ; structural equation modeling ; awe ; IAD-Br ; gratitude ; translation ; people living with HIV ; growth ; attitudes towards religion ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs
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  • 187
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Nonlinear science is the science of, among other exotic phenomena, unexpected and unpredictable behavior, catastrophes, complex interactions, and significant perturbations. Ocean and atmosphere dynamics, weather, many bodies in interaction, ultra-high intensity excitations, life, formation of natural patterns, and coupled interactions between components or different scales are only a few examples of systems where nonlinear science is necessary. All outstanding, self-sustained, and stable structures in space and time exist and protrude out of a regular linear background of states mainly because they identify themselves from the rest by being highly localized in range, time, configuration, states, and phase spaces. Guessing how high up you drive toward the top of the mountain by compiling your speed, road slope, and trip duration is a linear model, but predicting the occurrence around a turn of a boulder fallen on the road is a nonlinear phenomenon. In an effort to grasp and understand nonlinear phenomena, scientists have developed several mathematical approaches including inverse scattering theory, Backlund and groups of transformations, bilinear method, and several other detailed technical procedures. In this Special Issue, we introduce a few very recent approaches together with their physical meaning and applications. We present here five important papers on waves, unsteady flows, phases separation, ocean dynamics, nonlinear optic, viral dynamics, and the self-appearance of patterns for spatially extended systems, which are problems that have aroused scientists’ interest for decades, yet still cannot be predicted and have their generating mechanism and stability open to debate. The aim of this Special Issue was to present these most debated and interesting topics from nonlinear science for which, despite the existence of highly developed mathematical tools of investigation, there are still fundamental open questions.
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; Q1-390 ; diffusion ; viral infection ; non-Newtonian fluid ; convergence ; Navier–Stokes–Voigt equations ; existence ; Lyapunov functional ; Faedo–Galerkin approximations ; probability distribution ; strong solutions ; stability ; multigrid method ; parabolic equations ; long-time behavior ; Fokker–Planck equation ; viscoelastic models ; Cauchy problem ; unconditionally gradient stable scheme ; uniqueness ; existence and uniqueness theorem ; continuum spectrum pulse equation ; Stokes operator ; Lagrangian scheme ; Cahn–Hilliard equation ; Feller equation ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 188
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book contains the successful submissions to a Special Issue of Energies entitled “Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019–2020”. The topic of engineering fluid dynamics includes both experimental and computational studies. Of special interest were submissions from the fields of mechanical, chemical, marine, safety, and energy engineering. We welcomed original research articles and review articles. After one-and-a-half years, 59 papers were submitted and 31 were accepted for publication. The average processing time was about 41 days. The authors had the following geographical distribution: China (15); Korea (7); Japan (3); Norway (2); Sweden (2); Vietnam (2); Australia (1); Denmark (1); Germany (1); Mexico (1); Poland (1); Saudi Arabia (1); USA (1); Serbia (1). Papers covered a wide range of topics including analysis of free-surface waves, bridge girders, gear boxes, hills, radiation heat transfer, spillways, turbulent flames, pipe flow, open channels, jets, combustion chambers, welding, sprinkler, slug flow, turbines, thermoelectric power generation, airfoils, bed formation, fires in tunnels, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and pumps.
    Keywords: CFD ; gap resonance ; hydrodynamic forces ; free surface waves ; URANS ; twin-box deck ; aerodynamics ; vortex shedding ; splash lubrication ; dynamic motion ; gearbox ; churning power losses ; non-inertial coordinate system ; ground roughness ; hill shape ; hill slope ; large-eddy simulations ; turbulent flow fields ; turbulent structure ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; large eddy simulations (LES) ; 3D hill ; canopy ; flow fields ; radiation ; blocked-off-region procedure ; heat recuperation ; anisotropic scattering ; mie particles ; numerical simulation ; horizontal face angle ; energy dissipation rates ; stepped spillway ; ultra-low specific speed magnetic drive pump ; orthogonal test ; splitter blades ; optimized design ; pressure fluctuation ; radial force ; dilution ; turbulent flame ; premixed ; OH ; CH2O ; planar laser-induced fluorescence ; self-excited oscillation jet ; organ–Helmholtz nozzle ; pulse waterjet ; pressure pulsation amplitude ; WMLES ; VLSMs ; LSMs ; turbulent boundary flow ; roughness ; surrogate model ; deep neural network ; multiphase flow ; horizontal pipe ; liquid holdup ; pressure gradient ; coherent structures ; turbulent boundary layer ; stability ; pre-multiplied wind velocity spectrum ; spatial correlation coefficient field ; tunnel fires ; jet fan speed ; heat release rate ; aspect ratio ; smoke movement ; visibility ; smoke layer thickness ; smoke stratification ; orifice shape ; vertical jet ; velocity ratio ; numerical investigation ; hydraulic characteristics ; impinging water jet ; impinging height ; numerical calculation ; swirler ; optimized ; genetic algorithms ; recirculation ; combustion ; experimental validation ; welding spatter ; distribution ; shield arc metal welding ; particle heat transfer ; fire risk ; sprinkler ; fire dynamics simulator (FDS) ; fire suppression ; extinguishing coefficient ; smoke logging ; smoke spread ; pipe insulation ; fire growth rate index ; scale factor ; volume fraction ; ignition heat source ; maximum heat release rate ; time to reach maximum HRR (heat release rate) ; control ; cylinder ; energy efficiency ; clamping ; pneumatics ; unsteady RANS simulation ; two-phase flow ; riser-induced slug flow ; LedaFlow ; VOF-model ; evacuation ; interaction between smoke and evacuees ; inner smoke force ; modified BR-smoke model ; twin H-rotor vertical-axis turbines ; wake ; instability ; wavelet transform ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD), multiphysics ; heat transfer ; thermoelectricity ; automotive ; traditional market ; fire spread rate ; radiant heat flux ; separation distance ; rotor stator interaction ; boundary layer ; secondary vortex ; unsteady flow ; submerged jet ; climate change ; renewable energy ; wind power ; accelerators ; turbines ; power extraction ; Betz ; freestream theory ; hybrid simulation method ; multi-fluid model ; discrete element method, sedimentation, bed formation ; PIV ; shell-and-tube ; shell side ; tube bundle ; heat exchanger ; baffle ; maldistribution ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The current power system should be renovated to fulfill social and industrial requests and economic advances. Hence, providing economic, green, and sustainable energy are key goals of advanced societies. In order to meet these goals, recent features of smart grid technologies need to have the potential to improve reliability, flexibility, efficiency, and resiliency. This book aims to address the mentioned challenges by introducing advanced approaches, business models, and novel techniques for the management and control of future smart grids.
    Keywords: power system oscillations ; stability ; Prony method ; intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) ; wide-area measurement system (WAMS) ; phasor measurement units (PMUs) ; frequency stability ; load frequency control ; communication system delay ; virtual inertia ; microgrid ; recursive damped least squares ; black-box modeling ; online identification ; energy management system ; demand-side management ; uncertainty ; energy storage ; distributed generation ; activity recognition ; activity detection ; activity prediction ; smart building ; energy and comfort management ; digital microgrid ; power grid ; integer linear programming ; routing energy ; distributed energy resources ; Dijkstra algorithm ; Islanding detection ; modern power system ; anti-islanding ; protection ; sequence components ; earth fault location ; negative sequence current ; holistic power system architecture ; smart grid ; fractal design ; fractal grid ; LINK-paradigm ; market design ; local electricity market ; large-scale ; distributed generations ; low-voltage active distribution network ; islanded mode ; non-homogeneous model ; synchronization ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 190
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book includes updated information about microRNA regulation, for example, in the fields of circular RNAs, multiomics analysis, biomarkers and oncogenes. The variety of topics included in this book reaffirms the extent to which microRNA regulation affects biological processes. Although microRNAs are not translated to proteins, their importance for biological processes is not less than proteins. An understanding of their roles in various biological processes is critical to understanding gene function in these biological processes. Although non-coding RNAs other than microRNAs have recently come under investigation, microRNA still remains the front runner as the subject of genetic and biological studies. In reading the collection of papers, readers can grasp the most updated information regarding microRNA regulation, which will continue to be an important topic in genetics and biology.
    Keywords: QH426-470 ; QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; microRNAs ; porcine vein graft and stent models ; autophagy regulator ; parkinson’s disease ; miR-133a-5p ; embryogenesis ; circular RNA ; miR-30a-3p ; skeletal muscle ; azacitidine ; miRNA-mRNA integration ; circHIPK3 ; autophagy ; gene ; smooth muscle cells ; myelodysplastic syndromes ; bone formation ; transcriptional factor ; Teleostei ; MEG3 ; regulatory network ; RNA interference ; non-coding RNA ; 14q32 ; miR-29b-1-5p ; miRNA-gene target interaction ; osteogenesis ; virus ; passenger miRNA ; target prediction ; inflammation ; miRNA ; oncolytic virotherapy ; ischemic stroke ; extracellular vesicles ; proliferation ; post-transcriptional gene regulation ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ; prognosis ; epigenetic biomarker ; angiogenic-osteogenic coupling ; sequence-nonspecific off-target regulation ; calf ; GPER ; bone angiogenesis ; osteomiRs ; FGFR2 ; tensor decomposition ; therapeutics ; circFGFR2 ; small interfering RNA ; RWR algorithm ; Cyclin D1 ; muscle biopsy ; tissue-enriched miRNAs ; host ; bone regeneration ; development ; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ; miRNA sequencing ; estrogens ; diagnosis ; biomarker ; Ileum ; bioinformatic analysis ; bone tissue-engineering ; angiomiRs ; sepsis ; Cross-Kingdom ; miRNA transfection ; differentiation ; circulating miRNAs ; c-Fos ; network ; vascular injury ; acute myeloid leukemia ; CAFs ; conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRAd) ; hypoxamiRs ; cardiac diseases ; breast cancer ; mitophagy ; miR-338-3p ; microRNA ; miRNA expression and regulation ; cancer ; growth ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The purpose of this volume is to show how in this area the technology, creativity and inventiveness are the basis of new and encouraging results not only in the environmental field but also in the monitoring of xenobiotics of organic and inorganic origin in complex matrices. The final objective will always be on determining the fundamental parameters of interest to set up an analytical procedure, such as precision and trueness (that together give accuracy), the limits of detection and quantification, selectivity, and especially sensitivity, or attempting to increase this
    Keywords: azides ; screen-printed sensors ; poly (3-octylthiophene) ; solid contact potentiometric sensors ; iron-phthalocyanine ; nitron-azide complexes ; microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction ; Solasodine ; alkaloid ; response surface methodology ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; pre-development process ; clotrimazole ; itraconazole ; stability ; method validation ; sporotrichosis ; differential pulse voltammetry ; hydrochlorothiazide ; pyridoxine ; chemometrics ; bioindication ; heavy metals ; urban soil ; Senecio vulgaris ; Poa annua ; Polygonum aviculare ; predictive models ; MIPs ; parabens ; biological matrix ; extraction procedure ; HPLC-PDA ; stationary phase characterization ; phenol ; 3-aminophenol ; wastewater ; SPMMTE ; capillary electrophoresis ; deoxynivalenol ; dcELISA kit ; performance measurement ; development ; grapevine ; bioaccumulation ; biomonitoring ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; surface pollution ; high voltage insulators ; quantitatively analysis ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 192
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Breastfeeding is the preferred method of feeding in early life. It is also one of the most cost-effective childhood survival interventions. Breastfeeding practices are important for preventing child mortality and morbidity, as well as ensuring the optimal growth, health, and development of infants. The public health benefits of breastfeeding have been well documented in the medical literature, and include the following: associations with decreased risk for early-life diseases such as otitis media, respiratory tract infection, diarrhoea, and early childhood obesity (to name but a few). This Special Issue book includes a collection of studies on the use of novel methods to improve breastfeeding rates, and research exploring the short- and long-term benefits of breastfeeding for both the infant and mother, including technology-based approaches.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; practice ; milk bank ; galactagogues ; infant ; twins ; children ; perinatal ; circadian rhythm ; lactoferrin ; Aboriginal ; lipidome ; infant crying ; AA ; risk factors ; infants ; EPIC ; pregnancy ; Africa ; ECOWAS ; involution ; cortisol ; educational status ; low milk supply ; lactating mammary gland ; milk flow ; DHA ; EWAS ; breast feeding ; pregnancy outcomes ; NTR ; premature birth ; omega-3 ; DNA methylation ; LC-PUFA ; omega-6 ; culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) ; vitamin A ; human milk carbohydrates ; childhood ; milk intake ; neonate ; fenugreek ; United Arab Emirates ; prognosis ; sensitivity and specificity ; weaning ; breastfeeding frequency ; birth cohort ; maternal behavior ; temperament ; multiple pregnancy ; mortality ; breastfeeding ; Australia ; hospitalizations ; cortisone ; maternal age ; oligosaccharides ; milk composition ; initiation of breastfeeding ; preterm infant ; antenatal care ; infant mortality ; body composition ; growth trajectory ; maternal protein restriction ; self-efficacy ; infections ; gestational age ; exclusive breastfeeding ; daily intake ; ALSPAC ; maternal stress ; retinoic acid ; breast milk metabolome ; lactation ; antibiotic use ; free amino acid ; maternal anxiety ; early life nutrition ; child nutrition ; parity ; human milk ; lactose ; litter size ; caesarean section ; skin-to-skin ; prolonged lactation ; vitamin A deficiency ; fatty acids ; plasma metabolic parameters ; breast milk ; growth ; glycome ; caries ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Global crop production must substantially increase to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population. This is constrained by the availability of nutrients, water, and land. There is also an urgent need to reduce the negative environmental impacts of crop production. Collectively, these issues represent one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. Sustainable cropping systems based on ecological principles are the core of integrated approaches to solve this critical challenge. This special issue provides an international basis for revealing the underlying mechanisms of sustainable cropping systems to drive agronomic innovations. It includes review and original research articles that report novel scientific findings on improvement in cropping systems related to crop yields and their resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, resource use efficiency, environmental impact, sustainability, and ecosystem services.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; nutrient use efficiency ; organic fertilization ; system approach ; Helianthus annuus L. ; catch crop ; Texas High Plains ; forage yield and quality ; living mulch ; nutrient cycling ; quality ; leguminous cover crop ; conservation ; light ; sustainable crop production ; crop rotation ; WHCNS ; stemborer ; complexity ; perennial ; manure ; maize production ; SOC and STN stocks ; cover crops ; forage pea ; yield ; SDS-PAGE analysis ; vineyard system ; double cropping ; wheat ; partial returns ; soybean ; vetch ; nitrogen use efficiency ; enzyme activities ; agrobiodiversity ; gross margin ; residue C and N release ; systematic review ; maize ; protein crops ; no-tillage ; environmental quality ; fall grazing ; kura clover ; cover crop ; organization ; scenario analyses ; cropping system design ; irrigation ; sustainable yield index ; multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) ; Acidic soil ; Europe ; Zea mais L. ; shade ; up-scaling ; water ; conservation agriculture ; water use efficiency ; Triticum aestivum L. ; forage sorghum ; N use efficiency ; nutrient balance ; organic cropping system ; forage ; durum wheat ; cropping systems ; nitrate ; grain yield ; nitrogen nutrition ; conventionalization ; crop residue incorporation ; cereal rye ; green manure ; straw decomposition ; hierarchical patch dynamics ; N uptake ; farmer’s perception ; pearl millet ; nitrogen ; faba bean ; agroecology ; harvesting strategies ; rice ; gluten fractions ; weed suppression ; economics ; mineral N fertilization ; push-pull technology ; growth ; potato (Solanum tuberosum) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 194
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Human milk is uniquely tailored to meet infants’ specific nutritional requirements. However, it is more than just “milk”. This dynamic and bioactive fluid allows mother–infant signalling over lactation, guiding the infant in the developmental and physiological processes. It exerts protection and life-long biological effects, playing a crucial role in promoting healthy growth and optimal cognitive development. The latest scientific advances have provided insight into different components of human milk and their dynamic changes over time. However, the complexity of human milk composition and the synergistic mechanisms responsible for its beneficial health effects have not yet been unravelled. Filling this knowledge gap will shed light on the biology of the developing infant and will contribute to the optimization of infant feeding, particularly that of the most vulnerable infants. Greater understanding of human milk will also help in elucidating the best strategies for its storage and handling. The increasing knowledge on human milk’s bioactive compounds together with the rapidly-advancing technological achievements will greatly enhance their use as prophylactic or therapeutic agents. The current Special Issue aims to welcome original works and literature reviews further exploring the complexity of human milk composition, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects associated with breastfeeding, and the factors and determinants involved in lactation, including its promotion and support.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; high pressure processing ; n/a ; lipids ; supplementation ; protective factors ; infant ; carbohydrate ; mothers ; antioxidant capacity ; protein ; fat ; cytokines ; bioactive factors ; late preterm ; zinc ; infants ; docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ; pregnancy ; eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ; Lipidomics ; magnesium ; omega-3 fatty acids ; vitamin D deficiency ; flow injection analysis ; human milk benefits ; multiple source method ; 3?-sialyllactose (3?SL) ; milk banking ; milk group ; pasteurization ; video instruction ; Milk Fat Globule Membrane ; bile salt stimulated lipase ; breastfeeding difficulties ; breastfeeding support ; prematurity ; carotenoids ; hormones ; phosphocholine ; amino acids ; targeted metabolomics ; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ; choline ; selenium ; ?-linolenic acid ; arachidonic acid (ARA) ; docosahexaenoic acid ; human milk fortification ; protease inhibitors ; celiac disease ; copper ; term ; adipokines ; iodine ; mammary gland ; nutritional status ; food frequency questionnaire ; neonate ; early breastfeeding cessation ; prospective study ; breastfeeding ; mothers’ own milk ; disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) ; country ; lactating women ; undernourishment ; proteases ; preterm ; expressing ; dietary assessment ; retinol ; body composition ; duration of lactation ; passive immunization ; 2?-fucosyllactose (2?FL) ; phosphorus ; clinical trial ; growth factors ; infant formula ; digestive tract ; human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) ; sodium ; nutrition ; eicosapentaenoic acid ; lipid metabolites ; lactation ; nervonic acid ; ?-tocopherol ; macronutrients ; glycoprotein ; term infant ; term infants ; maternal diet ; promotion of breastfeeding ; potassium ; antioxidants ; maternal immunoglobulins ; Human Milk ; human milk ; Phospholipids ; flu vaccine ; lactational stage ; lactose ; storage ; dietary intake ; Preterm infant ; immune-active proteins ; colostrum ; human milk fat ; inadequate intake ; milk therapy ; endogenous peptide ; calcium ; fatty acids ; breast milk ; pumping ; secretor ; LC-MS ; n-9 fatty acid ; Lewis ; donor human milk ; antenatal ; online ; iron ; growth ; donor milk ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 195
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: "Australia continues to be at the forefront of international work on measuring and promoting wellbeing, Ian Castles being a significant contributor over the last forty years as an official and academic. This book combines a selection of Castles’ important work with contemporary research from a range of contributors. The material is in four parts: 1. The role of economics in defining and promoting wellbeing 2. Measuring real income and wellbeing 3. Measuring inequality 4. Climate change and the limits to growth. The issues canvassed are both long-standing and current. Does economic growth contribute to wellbeing? How different is income to wellbeing? How do we measure societal wellbeing and take its distribution into account? The book will be of value to all those looking to informed debate on global challenges such as reducing poverty, sustaining the environment and advancing the quality of life, including politicians, commentators, officials and academics."
    Keywords: economics ; society ; growth ; wellbeing ; international ; Australia ; Gross domestic product ; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ; OECD ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics
    Language: English
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  • 196
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The book compiles scientific articles describing advances in nanomaterial synthesis and their application in water remediation. The publications treat diverse problems such as dye degradation, heavy metal ion, as well as radioactive element capture and sequestration. There are 10 original research articles and one review article. The latter proposes graphene/CNT and Prussian blue nanocomposites for radioactive 137-cesium extraction from aqueous media. All reports thoroughly characterize the nanomaterials post-synthesis and describe their catalytic, photocatalytic, or ion exchange activities in contaminated water. The dyes studied in the collection are azo dyes, i.e. methylene blue and orange, rhodamine B, phenolic dyes viz. bromophenol blue, and other dyes with sulfonyl groups. Extraction of radioactive elements, including cationic 137Cs+ and anionic 125I?, is also investigated. The omnipresence of ZnO nanoparticles in everyday products and their effects in wastewater are also evaluated. Layered double hydroxide are capable of capturing Ag ions, which then has a catalytic effect on dye degradation. The nanomaterials considered are varied, viz., graphene, CNT, Prussian blue, nanoporous carbon, layered double hydroxides, magnetite, ferrites, organic powders, polymer membranes, bacteria, and inorganic nanomaterials such as MnO and Ag. The book targets an interdisciplinary readership.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; LDHs ; magnetic photocatalyst ; n/a ; bioremediation ; membrane ; BiOCl ; BiVO4 ; degradation ; agglomeration ; solvent vapor annealing ; nanoporous carbon ; nanocomposite ; Prussian blue ; stability ; silver nanomaterials ; adsorption ; wastewater ; desalination ; ZnO nanoparticles ; film ; magnetic performance ; metal-organic frameworks ; 137Cs+ selectivity ; nanomixtures ; water remediation ; photocatalytic activity ; adsorption properties ; magnetic extraction ; RGO ; structural regularity ; photocatalytic mechanism ; wastewater treatment ; 137-Cesium ; photocatalyst ; magnetic nanoparticles ; graphene ; radioactive iodine ; carbon nanotubes ; doping modification ; electrospinning ; radioactive contamination ; Mn–Zn ferrite ; mixed wastewater ; manganese oxide ; host–guest interaction ; bromophenol blue ; Dy3+ ; organic pollutants ; dye ; beta-cyclodextrin polymer ; polydopamine ; interaction ; dye removal ; adsorption models ; RhB photodegradation ; hydrothermal method ; supercapacitor ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: English
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  • 197
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: One might say that ordinary differential equations (notably, in Isaac Newton’s analysis of the motion of celestial bodies) had a central role in the development of modern applied mathematics. This book is devoted to research articles which build upon this spirit: combining analysis with the applications of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). ODEs arise across a spectrum of applications in physics, engineering, geophysics, biology, chemistry, economics, etc., because the rules governing the time-variation of relevant fields is often naturally expressed in terms of relationships between rates of change. ODEs also emerge in stochastic models—for example, when considering the evolution of a probability density function—and in large networks of interconnected agents. The increasing ease of numerically simulating large systems of ODEs has resulted in a plethora of publications in this area; nevertheless, the difficulty of parametrizing models means that the computational results by themselves are sometimes questionable. Therefore, analysis cannot be ignored. This book comprises articles that possess both interesting applications and the mathematical analysis driven by such applications.
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; Q1-390 ; heteroclinic tangle ; n/a ; coupled system ; integral boundary conditions ; EADs ; transport ; bifurcation analysis ; SIR epidemic model ; ion current interactions ; green’s function ; surface of section ; endemic equilibrium ; age structure ; MATCONT ; Ulam’s stability ; nonlinear dynamics ; stability ; basic reproduction number ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 198
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book presents 16 selected papers from the 7th International Conference on The Application of Physical Modelling in Coastal and Port Engineering and Science, Coastlab18. The conference was organized in Santander, Spain, from 22 to 26 May, 2018, by the Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, IHCantabria. Coastlab18 welcomed 175 attendees from 18 different countries. The technical program included three renowned keynote lectures and 120 presentations focused on theoretical and practical aspects related to physical modelling in the field of coastal and ocean engineering. Coastal and ocean structures, breakwaters, revetments, laboratory technologies, measurement systems, coastal field measurement and monitoring, combined physical and numerical modelling, physical modelling case studies, tsunamis, and coastal hydrodynamics were the main topics covered in the conference. This book attempts to cover, as completely as possible, all the topics presented during the conference. The papers were accepted after a peer-review process based on their full text.
    Keywords: hydraulic stability ; breaking wave conditions ; low-crested structures ; mound breakwaters ; armor layer ; overtopping ; dikes ; sea defenses ; bimodal seas ; swell ; oblique waves ; crossing seas ; wave basin ; mound breakwater ; armor stability ; Cubipod® ; breaking waves ; non-overtopping ; horizontal foreshore ; regular waves ; Stepped revetment ; wave impact ; physical model test ; rock slopes ; damage characterization ; damage parameters ; physical model tests ; linear waves ; nonlinear waves ; wavemaker theory ; wavemaker applicability ; outdoor wave basin ; long-term development ; vegetation development ; ecosystem services ; nature-based ; vertical barrier ; semi-submerged ; wind waves ; experiments ; laboratory ; operational system ; wave forecast ; wave modelling ; Mediterranean Sea ; monitoring program ; beach management ; bichromatic waves ; reflection separation ; bound waves ; stability ; erosion ; sea level rise ; repetition tests ; berm ; wave flume ; length effect ; aquaculture ; drag ; inertia ; Abbott–Firestone Curve ; laboratory tests ; physical model experiments ; scouring ; shingle foreshore ; sloping wall ; combined field experiment and numerical modeling ; overwash ; wave run-up ; infragravity waves ; XBeach ; coastal flooding ; dune erosion ; landslide waves ; tsunamis ; laboratory experiments ; momentum balance ; numerical wave modeling ; vertical cylinder ; DNS model ; pressure gradient ; wave force ; scour and shear stress ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 199
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: During the last decade, novel graphene related materials (GRMs), perovskites, as well as metal oxides and other metal nanostructures have received the interest of the scientific community. Due to their extraordinary physical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties, which are correlated with their 2D ultrathin atomic layer structure, large interlayer distance, ease of functionalization, and bandgap tunability, these nanomaterials have been applied in the development or the improvement of innovative optoelectronic applications, as well as the expansion of theoretical studies and simulations in the fast-growing fields of energy (photovoltaics, energy storage, fuel cells, hydrogen storage, catalysis, etc.), electronics, photonics, spintronics, and sensing devices. The continuous nanostructure-based applications development has provided the ability to significantly improve existing products and to explore the design of materials and devices with novel functionalities. This book demonstrates some of the most recent trends and advances in the interdisciplinary field of optoelectronics. Most articles focus on light emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells (SCs), including organic, inorganic, and hybrid configurations, whereas the rest address photodetectors, transistors, and other well-known dynamic optoelectronic devices. In this context, this exceptional collection of articles is directed at a broad scientific audience of chemists, materials scientists, physicists, and engineers, with the goals of highlighting the potential of innovative optoelectronic applications incorporating nanostructures and inspiring their realization.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; graphene oxide ; textured silicon solar cells ; n/a ; high-efficiency ; CdTe microdots ; piezo-phototronic effect ; electromagnetically induced transparency effect ; waveguide photons ; light output power ; hole injection ; ternary organic solar cells ; UV LEDs ; cathodoluminescence ; V-pits ; quantum confinement effect ; nano-grating ; metamaterials ; Ga2O3 ; tunneling ; transmittance ; graphene ink ; perovskite solar cells ; counter electrode ; nucleation layer ; Ag film ; AlGaN-based ultraviolet light-emitting diode ; color-conversion efficiency ; PeLEDs ; photoelectric performance ; photocurrent ; charge transfer ; double-layer ITO ; green LED ; liquid crystals ; photovoltaics ; electrowetting ; oxidation ; Fowler–Nordheim ; field emission ; excitation wavelength ; functionalization ; quantum dots ; gold split-ring ; cascade effect ; erbium ; transparent conductive electrode ; compact ; plasmon resonance ; air-processed ; FDTD ; prism-structured sidewall ; sheet resistance ; GaN ; Ti porous film ; stability ; flip-chip mini-LED ; flexible substrate ; actively tunable nanodevices ; green LEDs ; metasurfaces ; antireflective coating (ARC) ; NiCo2S4 nanotubes ; InN/p-GaN heterojunction ; InGaN/GaN superlattice ; OAB ; graded indium composition ; plasmonics ; polymer composites ; photomultiplication ; cold cathode ; solvent ; solar cells ; controllable synthesis ; tunable absorbers ; interface ; graphene ; silicon transistor ; colorimetry ; light extraction ; reduced graphene oxide ; pinhole pattern ; indium nanoparticles (In NPs) ; graphene split-ring ; organic solar cell ; light-emitting diode ; organic ; plasmonic forward scattering ; smooth ; subwavelength metal grating ; perovskite ; photoluminescence ; mid infrared ; polarization analyzer ; transparent electrode ; external quantum efficiency ; LED ; light-emitting diodes ; photodetector ; p-type InGaN ; quantum efficiency ; 2D perovskite ; quantum dot ; orthogonal polarization ; current spreading ; localized surface plasmon ; Schottky barrier ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 200
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Interest in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is continuously increasing worldwide, especially with the increased use of renewable energy and the electrification of transports. This book contains the successful submissions of fifteen papers to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines”. The focus is on permanent magnet synchronous machines and the electrical systems they are connected to. The presented work represents a wide range of areas. Studies of control systems, both for permanent magnet synchronous machines and for brushless DC motors, are presented and experimentally verified. Design studies of generators for wind power, wave power and hydro power are presented. Finite element method simulations and analytical design methods are used. The presented studies represent several of the different research fields on permanent magnet machines and electric drives.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; MPC ; predictive current control (PCC) ; fault diagnosis ; modeling ; back electromotive force ; finite-element analysis ; sensorless control ; brushless dc motor ; flying start ; periodic timer interrupt ; digital simulation ; torque control ; saturation ; renewable energy ; finite element method ; sensorless motor ; electric propulsion systems ; electric vehicle ; energy efficiency ; sub-fractional slot-concentrated winding ; stability ; design tools ; brushless machine ; permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) ; electrical signature analysis ; Vernier machine ; multiphase machine ; interior permanent magnet synchronous machines ; automotive applications ; pulse width modulation ; current ripples ; PMSM ; wave power ; outer rotor ; electric vehicle (EV) ; power control ; condition monitoring ; energy conversion ; sliding mode observer (SMO) ; field weakening ; small wind turbines ; interior permanent-magnet machines ; permanent-magnet machine ; free-wheeling period ; brushless DC (BLDC) motor ; speed tracking ; current spikes ; flux switching machine ; Brushless DC motors ; magnetic reluctance network ; winding inductance ; parameter perturbation ; DB-DTFC (deadbeat-direct torque and flux control) ; R-C filter ; phase-advanced method ; motor drives ; PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor) ; coils ; predictive maintenance ; cogging torque ; finite element analysis ; permanent magnet material ; vector control ; linear generator ; commutation error compensation ; electrical machine design ; permanent magnet synchronous generator ; wind generator ; mathematical model ; permanent magnet synchronous motor ; hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) ; stator ; bulk electric system ; permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) ; synchronous generator ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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