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  • Articles  (1,685)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (1,685)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 1965-1969  (1,685)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (1,685)
  • Computer Science
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • Articles  (1,685)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE PATTERN OF GRAZING IN ‘CONTINUOUSLY’ GRAZED SWARDS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The frequency and severity of defoliation of small sample areas, 8 × 8 cm, was studied in swards of S37 cocksfoot which were maintained at different levels of leaf-area index by continuous grazing with lambs. By varying the number of lambs grazing a plot, the LAI was maintained at three approximately constant levels, 5.3 (H), 4.1 (M), and 3.0 (L). Any one 8 × 8 cm area was grazed on average once every 36 days in treatment H, 24 days in treatment M and 19 days in treatment L. Approximately 24% of the total length of leaf present per tiller was removed each time a tiller was grazed, under all treatments. The lambs tended to graze patches of herbage about 16 × 16 cm, then move to a different place in the sward. These results are discussed in relation to grazing practices aimed at securing the maximum harvested yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01046.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BEEF PRODUCTION FROM PASTURE LEYS IN UGANDA (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The potential for producing beef in savanna grassland areas is discussed in relation to the results obtained from grazing trials on sown pastures at Serere Research Station, Uganda. Liveweight gains from small East African Zebu stock are used to illustrate the progress that has been made in the selection of improved pasture species and mixtures grown at various levels of fertilizer application. The utilization of herbage from selected pastures is shown to vary under different grazing management systems, grazing pressure having the greatest effect upon animal production. The need for further investigations and the integration of existing research findings into farming practice is stressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01049.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BOOK REVIEWS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:LANGER, R. H. M. [Ed.] The luceme crop.FRYER, J. D.; EVANS, S. A. [Eds] Weed control handbook.RODIN, L. E.; BAZILEVICH, N. I. Production and mineral cycling in terrestrial vegetation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01050.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SOLUBLE CONSTITUENTS OF HERBAGE AND THEIR DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The use of acid-pepsin or of water to extract herbage samples is described. The relationship between the amount extracted by each and the crude-or true-protein and soluble carbohydrate contents is discussed, especially in relation to herbage digestibility. It is suggested that these simple extractants may be more useful than conventional chemical techniques for assessments of comparative nutritive value of herbages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01083.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INTAKE AND LIVEWEIGHT GAIN OF BEEF CATTLE FED ON MAIZE SILAGE AND DRIED PELLETED WHOLE-CROP BEANS (VICIA FABA L.) (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Three groups of eight 9-month-old steers were fed ad lib. on maize silage alone and with 29 or 57% of the total DM intake as dried and pelleted whole-crop field beans (Vicia faba L.). The total daily DM intakes were 3.7,5.0 and 5.8 kg/head, respectively. The corresponding daily liveweight gains were 0.44, 0.74 and 0.97 kg/ head and the respective values for efficiency of food conversion were 12, 15 and 17 kg liveweight gain per 100 kg DM intake. It is suggested that high-protein artificially-dried forages make a very suitable supplement to a low-protein whole-crop cereal silage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01085.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE USE OF SHEEP FITTED WITH OBSOPHAGEAL FISTULAE IN GRAZING STUDIES (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Studies were carried out on the effects of diurnal variation, fasting before sampling, and acclimatization to a sward on the chemical composition and in vitro OM digestibility of samples of extrusa collected from sheep fitted with oesophageal fistulae. The N content of extrusa samples increased markedly during the morning, and tended to decline again in the evening. The diurnal changes in digestibility were similar, but the variation was much smaller. There was no significant correlation between either N content or OM digestibility and grazing speed measured in bites per minute. There were no significant changes in either the N content or OM digestibility of successive samples of extrusa collected after over-night fasting, or after the sheep were introduced to a sward to which they were not accustomed, though the concentration of ash in the extrusa was significantly lower when the sheep were hungry than when they were not. The OM digestibility of the diet selected was approximately two units lower on the first two days after introduction to a new sward than the mean value of samples collected over the next 12 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01089.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BOOK REVIEWS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:COMMITTEE ON HERBAGE SEED SUPPLIES (UK). Report of the Committee on herbage seed supplies.WATKINS, P. Grass and the dairy cow.ARNON, I. Organisation and administration of agricultural research.HARRISON, C. M. (Ed.) Forage economics-quality. Papers presented at the Forage Economics Symposium and the Forage Quality Evaluation Symposium co-sponsored hy the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America at the annual meetings of the three societies in Washington, D.C., November, 1967.WRIGLEY, G. Tropical agriculture: the development of productiou.WILSON, B. (Ed.) Pasture improvements in Australia.JERMY, A. C.; TUTIN, T. G. British sedges. A handbook to the species ofCarexfonnd growing in the British Isles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01093.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO VERTICILLIUM WILT (V. ALBO-ATRUM) IN LUCERNE (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A simple test is described for screening lucerne seedlings for resistance to Verticillium wilt. The test is sufficiently precise to distinguish the most resistant plants within a population possessing a fairly high level of resistance. Some results are presented illustrating the progress in breeding for resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01074.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY OF DEFOLIATION OF INDIVIDUAL TILLERS IN SET-STOCKED SWARDS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Individual tillers of S23 ryegrass, in three paddocks set-stocked with sheep at widely differing grazing pressures, were marked and studied from 11 July to 19 August, 1966, and observations were made on the frequency and severity of grazing.The uprooting of tillers, and the destruction of others, were major sources of loss of records. It was found that an acceptable measure of the frequency of defoliation could be made by recording three times a week. In a subsidiary experiment it was shown that repeated handling did not affect the DM yield, the number of tillers or the length of green leaf (G.L.L.) of single plants.Despite the extreme differences in grazing pressure, there were no significant differences between paddocks in the daily increase in the G.L.L. of tillers which were not grazed during a short period of intensive recording. In all three paddocks the sheep tended to graze the tillers with the greatest G.L.L. at any one time, and there was evidence of patchy grazing only at the lowest grazing pressure.An increase in grazing pressure resulted in increases in both the frequency and severity of defoliation. Comparisons were made between the product of the frequency X severity of defoliation of individual tillers, and the stocking rate, grazing pressure and herbage consumption on the three paddocks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01073.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SOURCES OF VARIATION IN THE IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF TROPICAL GRASSES (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The in vitro DM digestibility of four tropical pasture species, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chloris gayana, Digitaria spp., Setaria spp. and one temperate grass, Lolium perenne, were studied, using the method described by Tilley and Terry (13). In vitro digestibility was affected by fineness of grinding, sample size, pH of original rumen fluid and size of rumen fluid inoculum. Different relations were found between the in vivo and in vitro results for the five species, with a maximum predicted difference of 3–5 digestibility units.It was considered that the in vivo digestibility of tropical grasses could be accurately predicted by this method, provided that the procedure was standardized and samples of known in vivo digestibility similar to those being tested are included in each run.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01076.x
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOTAL N INPUT AND YIELD OF CUT GRASS SWARDS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The response of clover-free grass swards to fertilizer N when cut repeatedly at grazing and silage stages of growth was measured in four experiments at North Wyke. There was variation between years in the yield obtained at a given fertilizer N rate (Fn) and this was attributable to differences in soil-N supply. By estimating soil-N supply from the N-yield of the non-fertilized plots (Zn), total N inputs (Tn) were assessed. Over a number of reported experiments it was found that grass-N yield (Gn) was related to Tn by the equation Gn=0.57 Tn, where Tn=Fn+l.7 Zn. The level of grass-DM yield depended on stage of growth at cutting, as well as on total N supply. These results, and others examined from the literature, suggest that while total N input is the main determinant of grass-DM yield, account must be taken of the time available, before defoliation, for the N taken up to be utilized in DM production. The use of Tn values has allowed the collating of N responses obtained over a range of sites, seasons and workers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01051.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE HERBAGE CONSUMPTION AND MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS GRAZING S24 RYEGRASS AND S37 COCKSFOOT (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Pure stands of S24 ryegrass and S37 cocksfoot were grazed by groups of 6–8 cows for 5 periods spread over 3 years. Three periods were in the spring and two in the summer. The ryegrass was 4–5 percentage units more digestible than the cocksfoot and generally contained more soluble carbohydrate. In the spring periods, the organic-matter intakes and milk yields of the cows were much the same for the two herbage species, but in the summer they were both higher for the ryegrass. There were no important differences in milk composition due to herbage species, or in the liveweight changes of the cows.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01052.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECTS OF WINTER GRAZING ON SUBSEQUENT PRODUCTION FROM PASTURE (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The eflFects of various systems of winter-grazing management on pasture production in the following spring and summer were studied in four trials in the Pentland Hills, Scotland. Winter grazing reduced the yield of herbage in spring, but growth in May and June was primarily influenced by the level of nitrogen application in spring, irrespective of winter-grazing treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01060.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN EVALUATION OF AN ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT FOR PASTURE YIELD ESTIMATION (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In situations where yield is variable but in which it is not desirable to take too large a cut sample, e.g. on grazed plots, the pasture-yield estimator can be used to improve the accuracy of yield estimation. An outline of the theory and examples of the use of the method are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01064.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01035.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LOSSES IN THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF HEAVILY-WILTED HERBAGE ENSILED IN EVACUATED AND NON-EVACUATED POLYTHENE CONTAINERS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A conservation experiment is described in which the losses entailed in ensiling heavily-wilted herbage of 37–43% dry-matter content either by complete sealing in polythene alone, or by complete sealing followed by evacuation of air, were investigated.The metabolizable energy values of the grass and silages were determined, and the silage volatile-acids fraction investigated by gas chromatography. The results indicate that there are no significant fermentation differences between the two types of silage. The mean dry-matter loss for the sealed, unevacuated silos was 6.5% and for the evacuated silos 7.8%. These losses, and the individual crude- and digestible-nutrient losses, are discussed in relation to other published work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01038.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A HISTORY OF THE INTRODUCTION OF TIMOTHY AND COCKSFOOT INTO ALTERNATE HUSBANDRY IN BRITAIN (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The first recorded sowing of American timothy seed in England was in 1743, but the event was otherwise without significance since nothing further was heard of this sowing. The stimulation of interest in timothy began with the sowing by Bartholomew Rocque in the late summer of 1763 of the seed received by the London Society of Arts from America. There was during the first years some confusion regarding its vegetative characters, and also in recognizing the difference between the flowering heads of timothy and those of meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis). A hindrance to progress in the use of timothy arose, without doubt, from lack of experience, and lack of suitable implements to provide the fine, firm, clean seed-bed required. Midsummer sowing may have contributed to failure, for timothy establishes itself best in a moist soil. Timothy seems to have maintained a rather modest place during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The first real progress was made after 1920 when the agronomic potential of the valuable material among our indigenous populations of grasses was appreciated and developed into a number of new cultivars adapted to current needs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01042.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A HISTORY OF THE INTRODUCTION OF TIMOTHY AND COCKSFOOT INTO ALTERNATE HUSBANDRY IN BRITAIN (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The seed of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) was first sown as such in England by Bartholomew Rocque. It initially received little publicity, and did not induce the same spate of writing as timothy (Phlewn pratense). The first seed appears to have come from America simultaneously with timothy, although cocksfoot was not at the time a species of much significance there. Yet in England it attained a more secure place, probably because its cultural requirements were less demanding than those of timothy. Its agronomic characteristics were however a frequent subject of discussion and controversy. Before the end of the nineteenth century seed was being imported from Denmark, America and New Zealand. During the second quarter of the twentieth century breeders began exploiting the great variation in plant type and performance to be found among indigenous populations. This work and that of breeders abroad made many cultivars, with different agronomic characteristics, available to farmers. As a result, by means of leys and ‘self’ stands, it is possible to produce fresh herbage over a much extended growing season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01063.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE USE OF CATTLE WITH OESOPHAGEAL FISTULAE IN GRASSLAND EXPERIMENTS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Oesophageal-fistulated calves and cattle were used in various experiments during 1963 to 1966; results for 1966 are reported.The method of inserting the fistula, the routine care of the animals and the methods of sampling through the fistula, are described.Individual stall-feeding experiments in 1966 gave recovery values of 99.7% for herbage extruded through the fistulae, in relation to herbage eaten. The in vitro organic-matter digestibility of the grass offered and of the extrusa samples were identical. The digestibility of the grass fed in these experiments was high, but was comparable with that of herbage used in the grazing experiments reported. Grazing studies on grass/white clover pastures are reported. The digestibility was determined on all samples and they were separated into various plant fractions. Results obtained were compared with herbage samples cut at the same time. In most cases the digestibility and % N of the extrusa sample was higher than that of the corresponding herbage sample. The quantity of dead material present increased, and more was eaten, as the season advanced; it was of low digestibility. Results of intake studies with grazing animals are presented and the use of oesophagea-istulated cattle as an aid in such studies is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01036.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HARVESTING S352 TIMOTHY FOR SEED (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: On the basis of the most commonly used criteria for determining ripeness in grass seeds (involving a continuous examination of certain physical properties) the rip-o-cut stage was reached in S352 timothy 31–35 days after peak anthesis. The attainment of a moisture level just below 40% wet basis (excluding precipitation), which corresponded with the same stage of seed maturation, appears to be a further practical ripeness indicator in this variety.In view of initial dormancy and the susceptibility of the seeds to mechanical injury, the indirect- rather than the direct-combining method of harvest is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01037.x
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE USE OF THE IN VITRO TECHNIQUE IN THE DETERMINATION OF THE DIGESTIBILITY OF GRASS/LEGUME MIXTURES (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The in vitro dry-matter digestibility was determined of two samples of Digitaria decumbens, one sample of Medicago sativa, and one sample of Trifolium repens and nine mixtures prepared from these samples.When the results were compared with in vivo digestibilities the standard errors of the regressions for the three combinations of legume, grass and legume/grass mixtures were ±0.6, ±0.6 and ±1.5 percentage units, respectively.It is considered that in vivo digestibility of mixtures of grasses and legumes can be estimated by the in vitro technique, provided that suitable grass and legume standards are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01084.x
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE GENERAL PATTERN IN SILAGE FERMENTATION IN TWO SUBTROPICAL GRASSES (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Three sets of previously-published experiments have been re-analysed by numerical methods intended for the elucidation of pattern in sequential data. The results suggest that for Setaria sphacelata cv. Nandi and Chloris gayana cv. Samford Rhodes the stable terminal silage to be expected under subtropical conditions is not the high lactic-acid silage of temperate regions, but a silage with a relatively high proportion of acetic acid. Lactic-acid silage is formed, but usually behaves as though in a transitional phase. However, silage made from mature Setaria can be maintained in the lactic-acid phase by the addition of high percentages of sugar. The silage fermentation can sometimes be retarded, or deflected into an undesirable path for reasons that are not understood.The above patterns suggest three hypotheses for more fundamental investigation. First, since acetic-acid silage can be expected under most subtropical conditions, its properties require careful investigation. Secondly, relatively young Setaria may be regarded as a source of acetic-acid silage, but the optimum amount of sugar to be added for ensiling more mature grass needs investigation. Thirdly there is an urgent need to investigate the causes of retardation of fermentation, and of its deflection into an undesirable path, because until these causes are understood, the outcome of ensilage will remain uncertain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01088.x
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    THE USE OF LIVEWEIGHT-GAIN TRIALS FOR PASTURE EVALUATION IN THE TROPICS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment is described in which liveweight gains were measured from two grass/legume pastures using small East African Zebu animals and also progeny of small East African Zebu cows crossed with Bos taurus bulls. Significantly higher production was obtained from cross-bred stock, which averaged 706 lb liveweight gain at per annum (791 kg/ha per annum), compared with 509 lb liveweight gain/ac per annum (571 kg/ha per annum) from Zebu stock, indicating that pasture management had advanced beyond the genetic potential of the local Zebu stock. The problems of designing, conducting and interpreting the results of such grazing trials are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01091.x
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  • 24
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    THE ASSESSMENT OF THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SILAGE BY DETERMINATION OF IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY ON HOMOGENATES PREPARED FROM FRESH UNDRIED SILAGE (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A report is presented on studies on the relationship between in vitro digestibility of 18 silage samples and their in vivo digestibilities. Various analytical techniques are compared and the method adopted, on grounds of suitability for routine operation and accuracy of prediction of in vivo data, is based on analysis of homogenates of fresh silage. The homogenates, sufficiently uniform to permit of volumetric subsampling at acceptable error levels, are prepared in a new design of homogenizer. The impact of the % dry matter of the silage, as fed, on the accuracy of in vitrol in vivo relationships is considered and a bivariate regression plane is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01069.x
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  • 25
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    COMPARATIVE FEEDING VALUE OF SILAGES MADE FROM WILTED AND UNWILTED GRASS AND GRASS/CLOVER HERBAGE (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Silage was made from wilted and unwilted grass in May 1965, 1966 and 1967. The silage was made in sealed silos, but these were not evacuated and additives were not used.The silages were fed as follows: in 1965 to milking dairy cows and 1-year-old beef steers; in 1966 to steers coming into the experiment at 3, 9 and 15 months of age; in 1967 to weaned steer calves, with or without rolled barley (1 or 2 kg/head per day). In all years the silages were of high in vivo digestibility. The intake of wilted silage was higher than that of unwilted silage. There was no significant difference between the milk yields of cows fed on wilted and unwilted silage only. Liveweight gains were higher with wilted silage in 1965 and 1966, but not in 1967. In 1966 gains increased with age of animal and in 1967 gains were higher at successively higher levels of concentrate feeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01070.x
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  • 26
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    THE DIGESTIBILITY OF STRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES OF GRASSES BY RUMEN MICRO-ORGANISMS IN VITRO (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In vitro digestion of grass samples has shown that the amount of digestible cellulose, hexosan or pentosan is not greatly affected by species or by stage of maturity. A survey of published data on crude fibre and cellulose digestibility has confirmed these findings. Marked differences between grasses and legumes were observed. The rate of digestion has also been shown to be independent of the total amount of structural material present. The relevance of these observations to the selection of herbage varieties with greater intake by ruminants is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01075.x
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  • 27
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    THE POTENTIAL OF LOTUS spp. FOR HILL LAND IN WALES (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Thirty-four introductions of Lotus corniculatus and L. uliginosus, obtained from Europe, North America and New Zealand, were grown in plots with Aberystwyth S23 ryegrass at three centres in Wales (230–400 m a. s. 1.) to assess their potential as legumes for poor acid hill soils. The control white clover varieties were generally successful in these difficult conditions, whereas all the Lotus introductions were poor in two experiments and in the third experiment gave way to volunteer white clover by the third harvest year. These results indicate that none of the numerous Lotus varieties tested would be a useful addition to pasture seeds mixtures for hill lands in Wales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01079.x
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  • 28
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    A COMPARISON OF THE HERBAGE YIELD OF ITALIAN RYEGRASS AND TALL FESCUE MIXTURES IN THE SECOND AND THIRD YEAR AFTER SOWING (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The annual yield of tall fescue was higher than that of Italian ryegrass in the third year after sowing, but the total yield of herbage from grass plus clover swards was similar.In both the second and third year after sowing, the yield of herbage in the spring grazing was higher when fescue was used as the sown grass. The method of establishment of both tall fescue and Italian ryegrass affected the total and seasonal yield in the second and third year after sowing, but the magnitude of these effects was not nearly as marked as it was earlier in the life of the leys. In the second year after sowing, swards of both Italian ryegrass and tall fescue had a higher yield of total herbage and of white clover, and a lower ingress of unsown species, when established without a cover crop and grazed frequently in the year of sowing.The inclusion of red clover did not increase total yield of DM in the second and third year after sowing, and it slightly decreased the yield of the tall fescue mixture in the third year following sowing when N was applied. S170 tall fescue was readily grazed by sheep in spring and autumn.The apparent recovery of applied N varied with the mixture sown, and the management given during establishment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01054.x
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  • 29
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    A COMPARISON OF SILAGE MADE IN POLYETHYLENE CONTAINERS WITH AND WITHOUT THE REMOVAL OF AIR BY EVACUATION (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effect of partial evacuation of air from polyethylene containers, at the time of sealing, on the chemical composition and nutritive value of silage was determined. Four containers of 500-kg capacity were filled with herbage harvested from each of four swards, namely, S170 tall fescue, Syn I tall fescue, Tetila Tetrone Italian ryegrass and an S24 perennial ryegrass/S100 white-clover mixture. All the containers were sealed immediately after filling and half of them were evacuated. The silages resulting from these treatments were offered ad lib. to store sheep and the intake and digestibility of the dry matter determined. The evacuation of the silos had no significant effect upon the chemical composition of the silage produced. The intake and digestibility of the dry matter in the silages were not significantly influenced by evacuation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01055.x
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  • 30
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    FORAGE CONSERVATION IN THE TROPICS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Under arid tropical conditions the natural grazing provides less than maintenance requirements for 8–9 months of the year. Conservation of natural or sown herbage, either as hay or silage, should be discouraged because of the low nutritive value of the product, and the unfavourable weather usually prevailing during conservation. Of the forage crops, cereal/legume mixtures are the most suitable for ensilage.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01062.x
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  • 31
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    PRODUCTIVITY OF TROPICAL PASTURES (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A 60-cow dairy herd was pastured throughout one year on unfertilized Guineagrass pastures in the humid tropical environment of Turrialba, Costa Rica. During part of this time, the producing herd was followed by dry cows in the rotation. Information was collected on monthly grazing pressure, forage digestibility and consumption, and milk yields. The average number of animal units (375 kg) over the year amounted to 1.06/ha. Forage consumption varied from 2.27–3.45 kg DM/ 100 kg liveweight, and consisted of 75% Guinea grass in the mixed pasture. Digestibility varied from 47.9–65.0%. Low consumption and digestibility coincided with the short drier season. Efficiency of DM conversion was about 13% with one high and one low value, interpreted as use and accumulation, respectively, of body reserves during those periods. Calculations of the N balance in Guineagrass pastures are given.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01065.x
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  • 32
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    THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZER NITROGEN ON SILAGE FERMENTATION (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Direct-cut grass which has been heavily fertilized often produces silage with a poor fermentation. An investigation was carried out to study the effect of rate and timing of N applications to herbage intended for direct-cut silage. A small but consistent increase in silage pH was recorded after high levels of N were applied 7–8 weeks before cutting. The application of additional N fertilizer 10–14 days before cutting the sward had an adverse effect on silage fermentation. Changes in herbage composition following different levels of applied N are outlined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01039.x
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  • 33
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    FERTILE TILLER PRODUCTION AND SEED YIELD IN MEADOW FESCUE (FESTUCA PRATENSIS L.) (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effect of defoliation and date of nitrogen application in the spring to seed crops of meadow fescue, S215 and S53, were compared in two harvest years, in drills spaced at 18 in. S215 tillers were generally more robust than S53 tillers, and S215 produced a higher number of fertile shoots as the result of a higher conversion rate of over wintering to fertile tillers. N applied early and absence of defoliation gave the highest ratio of seed heads to over wintering tillers.Seed- and straw-yields were depressed by April and May defoliations; May cutting had a particularly drastic effect on both varieties. S53 yields in all treatments were generally inferior to those of the hay variety, S215.Head lengths and spikelet numbers were higher and 1000-seed weight lower in S53 than in S215.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01044.x
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  • 34
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    PRODUCTIVITY OF TROPICAL PASTURES (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A 50-animal herd of dairy cows was pastured throughout one year on fertilized Pangola grass pastures in the humid tropical environment of Turrialba, Costa Rica. Information was collected on monthly grazing pressure, forage consumption and digestibility and milk production. The average number of animal units (375 kg) over the year was 2.57/ha. Total milk produced was 6014 kg/ha. Forage consumption varied from 1.81–3.60 kg DM per 100 kg liveweight, with two periods of low consumption coinciding with the flowering period of Pangola grass and with a drier season. Digestibility fluctuated from 50.3–65.7% and followed the same pattern. Calculations were made of the efficiency of DM conversion, which was around 12%, with two higher values for the periods of stress, interpreted as utilization of body reserves. Calculations of the nitrogen balance of Pangola pastures are also presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01047.x
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  • 35
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    THE PROFITABLE USE OF GRASSLAND IN MILK PRODUCTION (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The most profitable use of grass in feeding a dairy herd is considered. Provided that the quality of the grass and grass products is sufficiently high for it to be used for part of the production ration, it is possible either to maintain a larger herd by buying concentrates, or to keep a smaller herd, feed less concentrates and use part of the grass for production. The potential herd size will depend both on the level of concentrate feeding and on the milk yield of the herd.When account is taken of the extra costs involved with larger herds (labour, capital charges and some variable costs) the optimum system depends on the level of milk yield. For herds yielding below 900 gallons average, the most profitable system is that which obtains the maximum production from grass. With herds of over 1000 gallons average it is more profitable to use concentrates for the production ration and to keep the maximum number of cows.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01081.x
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  • 36
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    MANAGEMENT OF ARID RANGELAND IN KENYA (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The characteristics and management requirements of the arid zone are described, as an introduction to the methods of development now being adopted in Kenya. The future intensification of commercial utilization is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01061.x
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  • 37
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    UPLAND GRASS PRODUCTION IN NORTH-EAST SCOTLAND IN RELATION TO SOIL AND SITE CONDITIONS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment involving 24 grassland sites was carried out to measure the influence of a large number of variables on upland yields between 900 and 1450 ft above sea level in western Aberdeenshire. The grass was harvested in mid-July and at the end of October 1966. Few factors were significant in the first harvest yields. In the second harvest yields, aspect and soil parent material were both significant at the 1% level, and available soil phosphate at the 5% level. Total yields (DM) for the growing season were correlated with parent material (2% level), with available soil P (1% level) and with the P and K content of the leaf (1% and 5% levels). Yields were also correlated with sward age (5% level) and sward condition (1% level). A number of variables were highly correlated with sward age and condition, including the leaf content (second harvest) of K, P and crude protein (0.1%, 1% and 1% levels).The highest yield was 4700 kg/ha/year and the average yield 2585 kg/ha/year, but the results showed that the average could be substantially increased by good management, especially by P fertilizer. The results confirmed that there was no marked fall-off in yields with increasing altitude (r=0.066, 0.194 and 0.112) and there appeared scope for reclamation on suitable sites at higher elevations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01041.x
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  • 38
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    RESPONSE OF CREEPING RED FESCUE SEED FIELDS TO AFTERMATH GRAZING BY BEEF CATTLE (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Autumn grazing of creeping red fescue seed fields at moderate stocking rates produced excellent animal gains, while only slightly reducing the subsequent seed yields. Under autumn grazing of moderate intensity (3.7 animal units/ha) steers made gains of over 1 kg/day while seed yields were reduced by 8%. Under grazing of heavy intensity (6.2 animal units/ha) animal gains were almost 1 kg/day, but seed yields were reduced by 16%.A spring-grazing period reduced seed yields by 35% and was too short to provide animal gains. Removal of the aftermath as hay improved seed yields slightly, particularly in the second and third harvest years.A conversion of TDN to body gain of 5.5:1 indicated that the nutritive quality of the aftermath was adequate.
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  • 39
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    THE INTRODUCTION OF PANGOLA GRASS INTO THE CARIBBEAN ISLANDS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The origin and introduction of Pangola grass Digitaria decumbens (Stent) into the Caribbean islands is described. The rapid spread of this species in cultivation throughout the regions is ascribed to four characteristics which coincided so closely with the economic and technical needs of the region as to override the inherent disadvantages of this grass. Its outstanding characteristics are ease of establishment, vigour, adaptability, palatability and resistance to grazing. The agronomic and nutritional characteristics and the productive potential of Pangola grass are com-pared with other forage species cultivated in the region and with a temperate grass species. These characteristics are discussed in the context of the introduction and evaluation of forage species and the intensification of output from forage crops.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01048.x
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:GARDNER, H. W. A survey of the agriculture of Hertfordshire.APPADURAI, R. R. Grassland farming in Ceylon.MACHLIS, L.; BRIGGS, W. R.; PARK, R. B. Annual review of plant physiology.DILLON, J. L. The analysis of response in crop and livestock production.BLACK, C. A. Soil-plant relationships.WHYTE, R. O. Grasslands of the monsoon.
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  • 41
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    THE USE OF LIVEWEIGHT-GAIN TRIALS FOR PASTURE EVALUATION IN THE TROPICS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A 21-acre grazing trial which ran continuously for three years to evaluate grass and grass/legume pasture with and without inorganic fertilizers is described. Techniques for conducting grazing trials where large treatment differences are expected and the interpretation of results from these trials are discussed. Good practical management of stock and pastures was shown to be necessary in these grazing trials and where it was only possible to establish one true replicate some measure of statistical control was achieved by comparing regression coefficients of cumulative animal production.The results showed that up to 475 1b liveweight gain/acre per annum (532.48 kg/ha) could be obtained from pastures grazed by small East African Zebu steers. The addition of the legumes Stylosanthes gracilis and Centrosema pubescens to grass mixtures gave significant and economic increases in liveweight gain. Grass/legume swards receiving phosphorus and sulphur produced liveweight gains equivalent to the animai production from grass swards receiving 140 1b N/ac per annum (156.94 kg/ha).
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  • 42
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    INFLUENCE OF NITROGENOUS AND PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS ON SETARIA SPHACELATA IN SOUTH AFRICA (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In an experiment in which three levels of P and five levels of N fertilizer were applied, it was found that at the highest levels of fertilization the hay yields were increased fourfold, the percentage of crude protein was doubled, the crude-protein yield increased sevenfold, and the P uptake increased five times over those of the control. This increased production was mainly a result of the use of N fertilizer, although significant PxN interactions were obtained at the higher levels of N fertilizer. By itself, P fertilizer had little effect on any of the above increased yields. It would appear that very much higher production, especially of CP and P, might be attained, if even higher levels of fertilizer were applied.Basing income on hay yields and expenditure on fertilizer costs, the greatest profit was obtained from the higher levels of fertilization. This applied especially to N fertilizer.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01043.x
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    A COMPARISON OF SEVEN ADDITIVES USED IN ENSILING HIGH-MOISTURE GRASS/CLOVER PASTURES (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Four experiments compared seven additives for ensiling high-moisture, leafy grass/clover awards in small tower-silos. The additives were ammonium bisulphate, ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, silotracin, molasses, molassine meal, kylage and protosil 3. In all experiments, silages made with additives were compared with control silages. Apart from molasses, additives had little effect on silage quality: DM and N losses were only slightly reduced by additives. In terms of weight of DM recovered for animal feeding, the additives ranked as follows: molasses and molassine meal 〉 silotracin 〉 ammonium bisulphate, ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, and controls; molasses kylage, protosil 3 and controls.
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  • 44
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    Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions as Influenced by Inert Gases at High Pressures (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: —The activities of tyrosinase, invertase, trypsin and chymotrypsin were studied after exposure to one or more of the following high-pressure inert gases: N2O at 600 psig or N2 or Ar each at 5000 psig. Exposure to high-pressure nitrogen or argon failed to significantly inhibit the rate of tyrosinase activity in fluid systems. However, the rates of tyrosinase-catalyzed reactions in shell-cast gelatin gels were significantly depressed by exposure to high-pressure nitrogen, and even more so by high-pressure nitrous oxide. This inhibition proved to be oxygen dependent and reversible. Pressurization experiments with invertase, trypsin and chymotrypsin indicated that high-pressure N2O did not significantly inhibit these enzymes. This lends support to the hypothesis that high-pressure inert gases inhibited tyrosinase activity in nonfluid systems by decreasing the availability of oxygen, rather than by physically altering the enzyme. It must be concluded that there is little hope that the enzymes in food systems can be effectively inhibited by brief exposure to inert gases at pressures of 5000 psig or less.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb10368.x
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  • 45
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    Molecular Properties of Post-Mortem Muscle. 7. Changes in Nonprotein Nitrogen and Free Amino Acids of Bovine Muscle (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY– Proteolysis and its relationship to tenderness were studied by measuring nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), free amino groups, and shear resistance during post-mortem aging of bovine muscle. Both NPN and free amino groups increased during post-mortem aging, indicating some degradation of proteins and/or peptides. However, neither the increase in NPN nor free amino groups was related to post-mortem tenderization since these quantities increased only after most of the improvement in tenderness had occurred. Much of the increase in NPN or free amino groups may originate from degradation of sarcoplasmic proteins or peptides. It is suggested that weakening or breaks at crucial points in the sarcomere, such as at the junction of the Z-line with the thin filaments, occur within the first 48-72 hr post-mortem and that this weakening or cleavage is responsible for tenderization. Cathepsin D may be responsible for this weakening but most of the available evidence is against proteolysis as the primary cause of post-mortem tenderization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb00918.x
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  • 46
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    Tannins of Grain Sorghum: Luteoforol (Leucoluteolinidin), 3′,4,4′,5,7-Pentahydroxyflavan (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY– The principal tannin of sorghum is a leuco-anthocyanin yielding luteolinidin (3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxy-flavylium) when heated with mineral acid. The precursor, luteoforol, has most of the properties of 3′,4,4′,5,7-penta-hydroxyflavan prepared by reduction of eriodictyol. Luteoforol, when treated with concentrated mineral acid in the cold, gives a purple color with Λmax550nm. A method for the determination of luteoforol in sorghum, based on this property, is described. The results with a number of varieties of sorghum are compared with those obtained by the AOAC Folin-Denis method. The contribution of luteoforol to the “tannin” so determined varies from 1 to 〈 25%. Except for one sample of Kaffir corn, which contained leucocyanidin as well as luteoforol, no other tannins were detected. The “tannin” content varied widely, (from 0.05 to 0.67% as tannic acid), a white-skinned variety having the least. The uniformity of commercial samples can be rapidly evaluated by single-grain determinations of luteoforol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb00919.x
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  • 47
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    The Detection and Enumeration of Clostridium perfrinqens in Foods (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY— A method that uses SPS agar and incorporates an improved egg yolk agar and nitrate motility medium has been developed for the enumeration and confirmation of vegetative cells and/or spores of Clostridium perfringens in foods. The method is based upon several diagnostic criteria and can be completed within 48 hr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb00921.x
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  • 48
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    Measurement of the Relative Sweetness of Selected Sweeteners and Sweetener Mixtures (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: –The relative sweetness of sugars and sugar mixtures was studied. In addition to the simple sugars (sucrose, dextrose and fructose), the amino acids, glycine and D, L-alanine, and the synthetic sweeteners, calcium cyclamate and sodium saccharin, were studied. Using the method of magnitude estimation, considerable data were obtained about relative sweetness over a reasonably wide concentration range. Only two sessions per subject were required to obtain meaningful results. Relative sweetness of the sugars was found to increase with increasing concentration—a pattern quite similar for all the sugars. Changing the reference or reference concentration resulted in shifts in the relative sweetness values for a particular sugar; however, these changes were consistent at all concentrations tested. Slope values for the individual sugars were in good agreement with previously reported results. The individual subjects responses showed a consistent pattern throughout the 10-month period.Synergistic effects, as much as 20 to 30%, were noted in several sugar mixture combinations but not all concentrations. The data support the concept that there are optimal mixture combinations. The potential applications of these observations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb00922.x
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  • 49
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    Deterioration of Fresh-Water Whitefish Muscle During Frozen Storage at −10°C (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY— Organoleptic and chemical deterioration of freshwater whitefish muscle frozen at −10°C for periods up to 16 weeks was assessed. As frozen storage of muscle progressed, the toughness and rancidity of baked muscle increased. The solubility of the myofibrillar protein fraction, “actomyosin,” dropped from about 72 to 22% over the 16 week storage period of whitefish muscle. No change in the solubility of sarcoplasmic protein in frozen stored muscle was observed. However, with polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis, two new sarcoplasmic protein bands were detected after 16 weeks of storage. With storage of frozen muscle, water-binding capacity diminished. Although the total lipid and cholesterol contents of muscle remained constant throughout frozen storage, the phospholipid content decreased as the free fatty acid content increased. Oxidative deterioration of lipid in frozen muscle was estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb14350.x
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  • 50
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    Detection of Quality Changes in Freeze-Dried Beef by Measurement of the Sorption Isobar Hysteresis (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY— Experiments with cooked, freeze-dried beef support previous evidence that changes in its physical and chemical properties are reflected in its water sorption characteristics. As a new approach, sorption isobars and their hysteresis were studied. In the reported temperature and pressure range, a decrease in the sorption capacity and in the area of the hysteresis loop was observed after 1 yr of storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb14353.x
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  • 51
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    Palatability and Selected Related Characteristics of Three Types of Roasted Porcine Muscle (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: A completely randomized design was followed to evaluate 48 roasts posterior third of the loin) from 12 Duroc and 12 Poland China barrows. Antemortem treatment of pigs produced “normal”, pale-soft-exudative (PSE) and dark-firm-dry (DFD) longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. Meat was roasted at 350°F to an internal temperature of 167°F and evaluated by organoleptic and selected objective measurements. There was no significant organoleptic preference for one type (“normal”, PSE, DFD) of LD. Also, differences among types of muscle were not significant for roasting time, volume of press fluid or total moisture (press method); whereas roasting losses, total moisture (Brabender) and pH of LD were affected significantly by type of muscle. In general, there were significant (P 〈 0.05) differences between PSE and DFD muscle, and between “normal” and DFD muscle. DFD muscle exhibited the smallest roasting loss and greatest total moisture, whereas PSE muscle had the greatest roasting loss and least total moisture. DFD muscle rated highest in pH and lowest in Warner-Bratzler shear value. LD from Durocs was more tender (P 〈 0.05), had a higher (P 〈 0.05) pH, and contained less (P 〈 0.01) total moisture (Brabender) than LD from Poland Chinas. Cooking losses were greater (P 〈 0.05) for roasts from Durocs than for roasts from Poland Chinas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12066.x
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  • 52
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    Bisulfite Effect on the Chemistry and Activity of Horseradish Peroxidase (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: Bisulfite retarded the inactivaton of horseradish peroxidase by weak acids. Spectral analysis indicated that the retardation was accomplished by the stabilization of the linkage between the iron containing prosthetic group and the protein. Cyanide, azide and fluoride, which form reversible complexes with peroxidase iron, exerted a similar effect; thus, it is inferred that bisulfite also forms a complex with peroxidase iron. A kinetic method was used to calculate a dissociation constant of 0.2M for the bisulfite peroxidase complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12070.x
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  • 53
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    Vapor Analysis of the Production by Banana Fruit of Certain Volatile Constituents (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: Direct gas chromatographic vapor analyses were utilized to determine whether banana slices at different stages of ripeness in an in vitro system produced iso-amyl acetate and iso-amyl alcohol, known banana aroma constituents; and whether a precursor-product relationship could be observed between these compounds and L-leucine. Production of iso-amyl acetate by unripe slices was demonstrated based on experiments with metabolic inhibitors. The behavior of ripe and overripe slices was inconclusive since the vapor concentration of the acetate remained constant. The vapor concentration of iso-amyl alcohol was essentially unchanged at all ripeness stages. Investigations with L-leucine-U-14C showed conclusively that leucine was a precursor and that both compounds were continually produced at all ripeness stages. The interpretation of direct vapor analyses over respiring fruit is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12072.x
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  • 54
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    Comparison of Survivor Curves of Bacillus subtilis Spores Subjected to Wet and Dry Heat (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: Survivor curves for spores of Bacillus subtilis were determined in wet and dry heat over a wide range of temperatures. Wet heat tests were determined using a thermoresistometer and thermal death time cans. Dry heat tests were conducted in a closed system using thermal death time cans. There were major differences in the shape of the wet vs. dry heat survivor curves. Wet heat resulted in convex curves at low temperatures, but a straight line at higher temperature. Dry heat resulted in concave curves at all temperatures. These results suggest that physiological differences exist between wet and dry heat destruction of bacteria. Several possible explanations for the difference in the shape of the survivor curves were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12075.x
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  • 55
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    Epimysial Connective Tissue Scores as Related to Beef Tenderness (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: Steaks from 24 bulls 20 months old, 89 bulls 14 months old and 109 steers 20 months old were used to relate thickness of epimysial tissue to the amount of intra-muscular connective tissue, and to correlate these factors with Warner-Bratzler shear values in muscles cooked to 140 or 160°F. The thickest portion of the LD epimysium was greater in lighter weight bulls than it was in heavier steers. Epimysial extension and thickness varied according to muscle location but at the same location it was not significantly different in steaks from tough versus tender steers. Differences in hydroxyproline content and connective tissue of steers and young bulls were small but older bulls had slightly greater amounts of both. The LD epimysium was tougher in older bulls than in younger bulls.Shear values of epimysial tissue varied considerably within animals of the same age, especially when roasted to 140°F. Most connective tissue differences due to line of cattle were small. Correlations within groups of cattle between thickness of epimysial tissues of different muscles or between epimysial thickness and intramuscular connective tissues were low. With few exceptions neither hydroxyproline, epimysial thickness nor connective tissue scores were significantly related to shear force of muscle or shear force of epimysial tissue itself. Correlations between shear force of the LD and BF muscles were not significant (P 〈 0.05) in animals of the same age. There was a tenderness interaction between age of animal and type of muscle which suggested that collagen gelatinization occurred at a faster rate in the LD than in the BF as age increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12074.x
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  • 56
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    Polygalacturonase Content of Dates and Its Relation to Maturity and Softness (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: The changes in polygalacturonase (PG) activity during ripening and the relationship between its activity and the quality of Deglet Noor dates were studied. PG activity, which was virtually absent at the green stage, began to develop as maturity progressed. The greatest part of the development occurred at the late red stage and activity reached its maximum when the fruits commenced softening. Among the four grades of dates used in this study the activity was highest with natural, followed by waxy, number 1 dry and number 2 dry grades. The dates contained 0.9-1.3 units of PG per g of fresh tissue. The results of chemical and physical analyses related to the texture are also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12078.x
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  • 57
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    Salt and Aging Time Effects on the Viability of Trichinella spiralis in Heavy Dry-cured Hams and Shoulders (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: 28 pigs weighing approximately 100 lb were dosed with 10,000 to 15,000 excysted trichina larvae, grown to 285 lb and sacrificed. Fresh lean samples from one ham and shoulder per carcass were digested in a pepsine-HCI solution and microscopically examined to determine infection rates. 24 of the more heavily infected hams and shoulders then were selected for further observations. The hams and shoulders were dry-cured for 2 days per lb, using an 8% cure applied in 3 equal applications at 5-day intervals. The cure contained salt, sugar, potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite. After curing, the meat was placed in salt equalization for 30 days, smoked for 24 hr at 100°F and aged at 75°F until termination of the study. Cored lean samples were taken from 8 hams and shoulders at weekly intervals after salt equalization and analyzed for salt concentrations and viability. Viable trichinae persisted throughout curing, salt equalization, smoking and 2 weeks of aging. Samples taken from hams and shoulders after 3 weeks of aging were found to be free of any live trichinae. Similar lean samples were taken at this time and force fed to rats for 5 days. After 8 weeks on a commercial ration the rats were sacrificed, artificially digested and examined. No trichina larvae could be recovered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12079.x
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  • 58
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    Relationship between Meat Swelling, Viscosity, Extract-release Volume, and Water-holding Capacity in Evaluating Beef Microbiol Quality (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: This research was undertaken in order to determine the relationship between the phenomena of meat swelling (SW), viscosity (η), extract-release volume (ERV), and wafer-holding capacity (WHC) as simple and rapid techniques of determining beef microbiol qualify. These techniques were compared by analyzing beef samples held from freshness to spoilage at refrigerator temperatures, fresh beef homogenized with urea, and beef adjusted to different pH values. In addition, irradiated fresh ground beef samples were inoculated with the normal flora of spoiled beef and analyzed similarly.With the microbially spoiled meats the highest degree of correlation occurred between SW and ERV, followed by ERV & WHC, SW & η, η & ERV and SW & WHC. These findings indicate that ERV and SW are quite similar and equally reliable in determining meat microbiol qualify while the relationships between η and ERV, and η & WHC were of lower orders of significance.When fresh beef was homogenized with urea at levels between 0.5 and 5M, η correlated best with SW followed by ERV & η, and ERV & SW. Over the pH range 3-11, SW and ERV correlated best followed rather closely by SW and η, and ERV & η.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12080.x
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  • 59
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    Autoxidation of Methyl Linoleate in Freeze-Dried Model Systems. 4. Effects of Metals and of Histidine in the Absence of Water (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: Autoxidation of methyl linoleate dispersed on filter paper was studied in the dry state in the presence and absence of additives. Oxidation was followed volumetrically and by measuring the increase in conjugated dienes. Evaluation of the rate data indicates that added histidine is antioxidant in the very early stages of the oxidation and becomes prooxidant in the later stages. Increasing the concentration of histidine promoted an earlier appearance of its prooxidant effect. Cobalt chloride and manganese sulfate had a pronounced catalytic effect on the oxidation reaction in the model systems buffered to a high (8.0 and 9.0) but not to a low (4.0) pH. Histidine increased the catalytic activity of manganese but eliminated that of cobalt. Thin-layer chromatography showed that conditions under which histidine increased the prooxidant effect of manganese also resulted in the appearance of some decomposition products of histidine. These decomposition products may have catalytic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12083.x
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  • 60
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    Composition of Montmorency Cherry Essence. 2. High-boiling Components (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: Volatile components of commercial Montmorency cherry essence boiling above ethanol were extracted from the essence by ether and concentrated by distillation. This concentrate was fractionated by gas chromatography. Individual components were identified using the methods of functional group analysis, gas co-chromatography, infrared analysis and mass spectrometry. The concentrations of the components in the original essence were estimated. The major components identified were n-propyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, and benzaldehyde. Minor components identified include n-butanol, n-hexanol, a hexenol, benzyl alcohol, α-terpineol, furfural, isoprene, myrcene and numerous higher terpenes, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, benzyl acetate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl caprate, n-propyl benzoate, isobutyl benzoate, isoamyl benzoate and di-butyl phthalate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12084.x
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  • 61
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    Studies on Some Physical Properties of Bovine Skeletal Muscle (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: The physical properties of the major muscles of the round from 30 crossbred beef and 20 straightbred dairy carcasses were studied. Sex, sire and body type were related to these properties. Generally, the steers had longer, heavier and lighter-colored muscles than the heifers. A negative relationship was noted between the specific gravity and reflectance values for the crossbred muscles. The semimembranosus muscle was heaviest and accounted for the highest percent of the rough round in certain beef and dairy sire groups. In the dairy cattle, the weight of the biceps femoris muscle was also affected by sire. Heritability estimates indicated that the weight of the semimembranosus was highly heritable and its percent of the rough round moderately heritable in both beef and dairy cattle. The dairy b. femoris weight and circumference were also moderately heritable. Color reflectance, specific gravity, pH, length and circumference/length ratio were not observed to be heritable physical properties.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12088.x
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  • 62
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    Thermochemical Factors Influencing the Death Kinetics of Spores of Clostridium botulinum 62 A (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: Death kinetics of spores of Clostridium botulinum, Type A, strain 62, were studied at sterilant gas temperatures in the range of 40°C (104°F) to 70°C (158°F). Hygroscopic carriers in the form of small discs of filter paper were used. The sterilant gas used was a mixture of dichlorodifluoromethane and ethylene oxide (88 and 12% by weight respectively). Pressures in the exposure atmosphere were adjusted to obtain an ethylene oxide concentration of 700 mg per liter at all temperatures. It was shown by gas-chromatographic analysis that an actual concentration of 700 ± 20 mg per liter was maintained at all exposure temperatures during all exposure periods. The effect of various moisture levels on spore death kinetics was also studied. The relative humidities employed in both the preconditioning and exposure of spores were 3, 23, 33, 53 and 73%, respectively. Thermochemical resistance parameters, D and z, were calculated as the reciprocals of the slopes of the survivor curves and thermochemical destruction time curves, respectively. Of the various environmental moisture levels studied, a preconditioning and exposure relative humidity of 3% for destruction of C. botulinum spores taken from an aqueous suspension, was found to be most effective. This effect held for all temperatures studied. Over the range studied, temperature was seen to have the greatest effect at 3% relative humidity (RH), second greatest at 33% and least effect at 73%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12089.x
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  • 63
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    Cooking Methods and Heating Effects on DDT in Chicken Tissues (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: DDT incorporated into chicken tissues during the growing period was reduced in concentration during cooking by either baking, frying, or steaming and during heating of tissues in closed containers for varying lengths of time. DDT was converted to DDD in each of the treatments, but the concentration of DDE was not altered significantly. Total losses of residue were greater when tissues were fried or steamed than when the samples were either baked or heated in closed containers. Losses of residue from chicken tissue occurred primarily through leaching of fat during the cooking process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12091.x
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    The Effect of pH-Temperature Treatments on the Calcium Accumulating Ability of Purified Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: Pig sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments obtained from the longissimus dorsi muscle at 0- and 24-hours post-mortem were purified by salt extraction and density gradient centrifugation. The calcium uptake activity of 0-hour purified preparations was more than 20-fold higher than that from 24-hr old muscles, but there was no significant difference between fractions for calcium activated ATPase activities. When observed electron microscopically after negative staining, the ultrastructures of the 0. and 24-hour membrane fragments were found to be essentially identical. Incubation of isolated sacroplasmic reticulum fragments at pH 7.2 and 37°C or pH 5.6 and 0°C caused negligible inhibitoin of their calcium accumulating ability. However, treatment at pH 5.6 and 37°C for 1 hr almost completely abolished the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium uptake. Thus it appears that low muscle pH and high temperature may be responsible for the inactivation of the calcium accumulating ability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that occurs in situ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12109.x
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    NOTICE (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12784.x
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    ABSTRACTS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12783.x
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  • 67
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    Studies on Bovine Natural Actomyosin 1. Relationship of ATPase and Contractility to Tenderness of Muscle (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: The effects of muscle tenderness classification and of aging muscle postmortem on ATPase activity and superprecipitation of natural actomyosin were studied. Actomyosin from muscle 12- and 24-hr postmortem had higher ATPase activity than that from 0-hr, 5-day aged or 10-day aged muscle. However, ATPase activity did not usually return to the 0-hr level. No consistent differences were found in actomyosin ATPase activity after the various periods of aging for actomyosins from tough and tender muscle. Superprecipitation of actomyosin was used as a measure of contractility. Actmyosin from 12- and 24-hr postmortem muscle superprecipitated faster than that from 0-hr muscle. However, actomyosin from 5 and 10-day aged muscle superprecipitated less rapidly than that from 12- and 24-hr postmortem muscle. Superprecipitation was more rapid in actomyosin from tough muscle than tender muscle at low KCI concentrations, but this was not true at high KCI concentrations. This observation suggested that actomyosin from tough muscle had a stronger interaction or higher amounts of some protein factor such as α-actinin than did tender muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12785.x
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    Utilization of Amide Nitrogenby the Young Rat (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: Effects on body nitrogen gains of supplying nonessential nitrogen as glutamic or aspartic acids, as glutamine or asparagine or as wheat were investigated. It was found that nitrogen gains of rats fed diets containing only purified amino acids as the nitrogen source and relatively high levels of amide nitrogen were significantly lower than those of rats fed the same amounts of total nitrogen, all as α-amino nitrogen. However, they were significanty higher than those of rats fed the same amounts of α-amino nitrogen, but no additional amide nitrogen, indicating some effect of amide nitrogen in body nitrogen storage. Rats fed ad libitum consumed more of the glutamine-containing diet than of one containing isonitrogenous amounts of glutamic acid; analysis of covariante indicated that ad libitum-fed rats also utilized the nitrogen of glutamic acid more efficiently than that of glutamine. Addition of enough sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the hydrochlorides of dietary amino acids had no effect on utilization of amide nitrogen. No differences in nitrogen utilization were found between two groups of rats fed different levels of amide nitrogen as wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12797.x
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    Origin and Nature of Aroma in Fat of Cooked Poultry (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: Fat of raw poultry, separated from solid tissue and washed with water at temperatures not exceeding 40°C does not contain cooked poultry aroma and does not develop it when heated. Hence, cooked poultry aroma cannot be derived from the fat alone. Washed and filtered fat from cooked poultry contains characteristic cooked poultry aroma dissolved in it. The aroma of this fat is caused by compounds which dissolve in it during cooking and which apparently stem from nonfat or lean portions of the meat. The ability of fat to dissolve or acquire substances during cooking was demonstrated by showing that fat of cooked poultry contains more sulfur than does fat of raw poultry. Less than 2% of this sulfur build-up occurs as hydrogen sulfide. The magnitude of the sulfur build-up was 8 to 14 times greater in the fat of roasted poultry than it was in the fat of simmered chicken. Authentic amino acids in contact with poultry fat at a typical roasting temperature readily underwent Strecker type degradation. Furthermore, aroma components representing typical amino acid degradation products were found in fat from roasted turkey. These analytical results indicate protein, amino acids and probably also sugars and other water soluble components are invoved in aroma formation. Hence fat contributes to cooked poultry aroma indirectly and passively through its ability to dissolve and retain aroma components formed during cooking. Consequently, the characteristic cooked poultry aroma in fat of cooked poultry is not derived from the fat itself but comes from and is thus dependent on the “lean”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12799.x
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    Transaminases of Skeletal Muscle. 1. The Activity of Transaminases in Post-Mortem Bovine and Porcine Muscles (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: The activity of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamicpyruvic transaminase (GPT) of bovine and porcine muscle tissue and muscle press juice was determined. The total GPT activity of muscle tissue is about one tenth of the GOT activity. There are no remarkable differences in the activities of GOT and GPT between these slaughter animals and other species (rat, rabbit and man). The GOT activity of the longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs is significantly higher than that of the same bovine muscle. The mitochondrial (GOTM) and sarcoplasmic isozymes (GOTB) of GOT in skeletal muscles of cattle and pigs were determined after electrophoretic separation. The ratio GOTM:GOTS in skeletal muscle was found to be about 1:1. There is only a small decrease in GOT activty during storage of muscle tissue at 0 or +4°C for several weeks postmortem. The small activity of GOTM in the muscle press juice does not substantially change during storage of muscle tissue under these conditions, indicating that there is no drastic change of the mitochondrial structure during aging of meat. Bacterial spoilage of meat, however, results in the release of GOTM from the mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12801.x
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    Transaminases of Skeletal Muscle. 3. Influence of Freezing and Thawing on the Subcellular Distribution of Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase in Bovine and Porcine Muscle (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: Freezing and thawing of bovine and porcine muscle cause a remarkable release of the mitochondrial isozyme of the glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOTM) from the mitochondrial structures resulting in an increase of GOTM activity in the muscle press juice. The lower the freezing temperature the stronger is this effect. Repeated freezing and thawing increases the release of GOTM. It is considered that the level of GOTM activity in the muscle press juice indicates the extent of mitochondrial damage. On the basis of these results a simple and rapid routine method was developed which allows a reliable differentiation between nonfrozen and frozen and thawed meat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12803.x
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    Studies on Enzymic Activity of Rat Liver Subcellular Fractions (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: Mitochondrial and lysosomal preparations from rat livers were examined for the presence of a number of particulate bound enzymes, previously described as being present in mitochondria. The study sought to determine whether these enzymes were truly mitochondrial or partly associated with lysosomes which are contaminants of most mitochondrial preparations. The amino transferases were of particular interest because of their possible involvement in the metabolism of amino acids which are concentrated within lysosomes. It was shown that particulate aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase are truly mitochondrial enzymes. Particulate glutathione reductase was shown to be distributed between lysosomes and mitochondria, the specific activities in the two particles being almost equal. Possible activation of catheptic protein hydrolysis is discussed. Lysosomes were shown not to contain the following enzymes: isocitrate dehydrogenase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, serine dehydratase, glucose-dphosphate dehydrogenase, xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase and fumarate hydratase. Lysosomes were unable to incorporate amino acids into proteins but were able to incorporate acetate 14C into fatty acids. The importance of this process as a possible mechanism for controlling or altering the structure of the lysosomal membrane is discussed. Relationships of these findings to some properties of meats are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12805.x
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    Changes of Some Protein Fractions of Beef Muscle Postmortem (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12807.x
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  • 74
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    Capillary Distribution and Fiber Characteristics in Skeletal Muscle of Stress-Susceptible Animals (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Muscle from stress-susceptible and stress-resistant pigs was studied for capillary distribution and fiber characteristics. More capillaries were associated with red fibers than white fibers and there was a greater capillary to fiber ratio in red than white muscle. There was no difference in capillary fiber ratio between normal (from stress-resistant pigs) and PSE (from stress-susceptible pigs) muscle. Muscle from stress-susceptible animals had more intermediate fibers than did muscle from stress-resistant animals. Certain intermediate fibers from stress-susceptible animals had a high amylophosphorylase and ATPase activity. It was postulated that such fibers are important in the drastic post-mortem muscle behavior in stress-susceptible animals and may represent the characteristic which causes muscle to become PSE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb10348.x
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  • 75
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    Connective Tissues from Normal and Pale, Soft and Exudative (PSE) Porcine Muscles. 2. Physical Characterization (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The epimysial connective tissues from normal and PSE longissimus dorsi muscles were subjected to physical characterization. No differences in conventionally determined shrinkage temperatures were observed. However, differential thermal analysis (DTA) studies revealed that epimysium from PSE tissues had lower onset and recovery temperatures and contained a higher percentage of components melting at low temperatures than that from normal tissues. The epimysium from PSE muscles also had a higher initial moisture and lower dry matter content. Epimysial connective tissues underwent osmotic swelling in neutral solutions, with those from PSE muscles imbibing significantly more water than that from normal muscles. Dry matter content decreased during neutral swelling, probably due to a loss of ground substance. Collagen from PSE muscles had a molecular weight between cross-links (Mc) of 6.37 ± 104 and a resultant cross-link density of 5.23/ molecule, while normal tissues had corresponding values of 4.67 ± 104 and 7.73. These differences were only significant at the 10% level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb10350.x
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    Trace Components of the Flavor Fraction of Maple Syrup (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY– An exhaustive chloroform extraction of maple syrup removed the maple flavorants. The extract was analyzed in part by a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer tandem procedure. Several previously undetected flavor-related compounds were found in trace amounts. Among these were the aromatic compounds acetovanillone, guaiacyl acetone and vanilloyl methyl ketone. These aromatics could have resulted from the ethanolysis of ligneous material previously reported in maple sap. Sugar degradation products found were furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural, lactic acid and levulinic acid. These indicate that the products of caramelization also are part of the maple flavorants.Acids found, in addition to those above, were the C5 to C9 aliphatic acids and oxalic, fumaric and malic acids. All of the acid occurred as ethyl esters resulting from unintentional esterification during extraction. The C, to C, acids may be artifacts perhaps derived from the vegetable oil used as antifoaming agent in syrup processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb00897.x
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    Connective Tissues from Normal and PSE Porcine Muscle. 1. Chemical Characterization (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY– The epimysial connective tissue from normal and PSE (pale, soft and exudative) porcine muscle was chemically characterized. Samples from PSE muscles exhibited markedly lower turbidity values (P 〈 0.01) than those from normal muscles. No significant differences were found in ultimate pH values. The epimysium from PSE muscles contained significantly higher (P 〈 0.05) quantities of salt soluble tropocollagen and a greater amount of heat labile collagen (P 〈 0.01) than that from normal tissues. No significant differences in α- and β-subunit composition, plasma hydroxy-proline levels or amino acid composition were evident between the two sources of epimysial connective tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb00900.x
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    Post-Mortem Changes in Subcellular Fractions from Normal and Pale, Soft, Exudative Porcine Muscle. 1. Calcium Accumulation and Adenosine Triphosphatase Activities (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY– Myofibrillar, mitochondrial, heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum and light sarcoplasmic reticulum fractions were isolated by differential centrifugation of homogenates from normal and pale, soft, exudative (PSE) porcine muscle at various times post-mortem. Calcium uptake was measured using a solution containing45Ca++. The oxalate-stimulated calcium accumulating ability of the subcellular fractions declined 5-10 fold between 0 and 24 hr post-mortem. The major portion of this decline occurred in the first hour after death in fractions from PSE muscle but was more gradual in the normal fractions. The ATPase activities of normal and PSE fractions obtained at death did not differ significantly. These activities increased with time post-mortem in most normal fractions but decreased in those from PSE muscle. The subcellular site of ATP hydrolysis post-mortem was discussed. The results obtained point to the potential importance of the relaxing, factor in muscle post-mortem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb00901.x
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    Comparative Rates of IMP Degradation in Unfrozen and Frozen-and-Thawed (Slacked) Fish (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY— The comparative rates of IMP degradation between fresh and frozen-and-thawed (slacked) fish were compared on six different species of fish. Several factors that could contribute to a rate change of IMP degradation were evaluated. These included freezing temperatures, time in frozen storage, pre- and post-rigor freezing, and method of killing the fish.English sole and rainbow trout showed slight increases in the rate of IMP degradation when they were frozen and then thawed within 48 hr. Silver salmon and halibut that were frozen and then thawed within 48 hr showed no change in the rate of IMP degradation. Halibut, however, that was frozen and stored at −20°F for 3 months showed a slight decrease in the rate of IMP degradation after it was thawed; but king salmon handled under the same conditions did not.The method of kill or freezing the fish either pre- or post-rigor did not alter the rate of IMP degradation after the fish was thawed.No loss of IMP occurred in fish (halibut) stored at −20°F. Over one-third of the original IMP content was lost in halibut stored at +15°F after 3 months of storage.These results show that there is no significant difference in the rate of IMP degradation between fresh and slacked fish. The flavor-contributing effect of IMP in slacked fish therefore should be the same as in fresh fish, provided the fish was frozen and stored at or near a temperature of −20°F.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb00903.x
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    Effect of Feeding and Withdrawal of Menhaden Oil on the w3 and w6 Fatty Acid Content of Broiler Tissues (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY– Analysis was made of the fatty acid composition of liver, adipose fat, thigh and breast muscles of broilers fed corn-soy commercial-type of diets containing one of two levels of fish oil (2.5 or 5.0%). The oil was subsequently continued, withdrawn or replaced with yellow grease 2, 3 or 4 weeks before termination of the experiment at the 8th week. The tissue contents of four w-3-type fatty acids (20:4, 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6) were increased in relation to the number of weeks menhaden fish oil was included in the diet. (The first number indicates the chain length of carbons, the second indicates the number of double bonds. The number following w (omega) indicates the carbon position of the first double bond as counted from the terminal methyl group.)Of the four tissues studied, the liver had the highest total content of the w3 fatty acids; the adipose fat, the least. The muscles had intermediate values; the breast containing more than the thigh. Withdrawal of fish oil at the 4th week resulted in favorable organoleptic evaluation. A more favorable evaluation was obtained if yellow grease was substituted in place of fish oil for the last 4 weeks. The organoleptic scores were highly significantly correlated with the content of 20:5 03, 22:5 w3 and 22:6 w3 but it was less significantly correlated with the content of 20:4 w3. An inverse relation existed between the content of the w3 with that of the w6 fatty acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb00904.x
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    Isolation of Strawberry Anthocyanin Pigments by Adsorption on Insoluble Polyvinylpyrrolidone (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb00908.x
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  • 82
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    Oxidation Effects in a Freeze-Dried Gelatin-Methyl Linoleate System (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY– We studied oxidation of a freeze-dried model system consisting of methyl linoleate and gelatin by incubating the model system in air at 50°C for up to 10 days in the dry state or at controlled relative humidities. Incubation for 5-10 days caused a drop in the viscosity of gelatin solutions, an increase in the solubility of gelatin in ethanol-rich solvent mixtures, an increase in the retention time of gelatin on a Sephadex G-150 column, and a reduction in the melting point of a standard gelatin gel. There were no such changes in the viscosity and solubility properties of gelatin when incubation was at a relative humidity of approximately 60%. In some instances, incubation at high relative humidity led to partial insolubilization of gelatin in water or in acetate buffer. The oxidation effects in the dry state were consistent with the hypothesis that gelatin undergoes oxidative degradation. The effects of oxidation showed similarities to effects of ionizing radiations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb00910.x
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    Sarcolemmae from Chicken Skeletal Muscle. 2. Properties (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY– Sarcolemmae are usually identified solely by morphological characteristics. We have determined several chemical and enzymic properties of sarcolemmae from chicken breast muscle prepared by homogenization of aged muscle in dilute CaCl2 solution, washing 4 times in NaCl-histidine at pH 7.4, extraction with water buffered to pH 7 and isolation by differential centrifugation on a discontinuous sucrose gradient. The phospholipid content of the sarcolemmae was low, representing only 2 to 3% by weight compared with the 20 to 35% usually found in membraneous systems. This discrepancy may be due to the relatively small proportion of plasma membrane in the sarcolemma.Analyses indicate little contamination by nuclei or mitochondria. The sarcolemmae have, like the microsomal fraction, high contents of RNA and glucose-6-phosphatase activity. The sarcolemma is either rich in these elements or is contaminated by other subcellular elements, such as the transverse tubules (T system), which are. The sarcolemmae display a Mg+2- activated ATPase activity which is typical for membraneous systems. Lactate dehydrogenase was shown to be associated with the sarcolemmae. Whether this represents the situation in vivo or is an artifact of preparation is not clear. The sarcolemmae are capable of binding soluble LDH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb00912.x
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    Lipid Hydrolysis in Frozen Baltic Herring (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY— The lipid composition of Baltic herring (Clupea harengus var. membranus) muscle and the hydrolysis during freeze storage was studied with thin-layer chromatography. The concentrations of the various lipid classes were initially 2–5 times as high in dark muscle as in white muscle. Storage for up to 12 weeks at –15°C resulted in an increase of the free fatty acid content from 50 to 1000 mg/100 g in the dark muscle, and from 17 to 280 mg/100 g in white muscle. The increase was due to hydrolysis of lecithin, cephalin and to a varying extent also of triglycerides. According to indirect estimations, roughly 45 and 75% of the free fatty acid formed in dark and white muscle respectively was a result of phospholipid hydrolysis; the remainder of triglyceride hydrolysis. The hydrolysis of lecithin was faster than that of cephalin in both types of muscles. The enzymatic attack showed no preference for anyone of the different fatty acids in the phospholipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb14352.x
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  • 85
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    Effect of Preirradiation Quality of Eviscerated Haddock on Postirradiation Shelflife of Fillets (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY— Radiopasteurization is an effective means of preserving haddock fillets of varying marketable quality. While results show that the postirradiation shelf life was a function of the preirradiation quality, they also indicate that there was an economic benefit from irradiating the fillets cut from fish as old as 13 days after catching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb14355.x
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    Histamine and Tyramine Content of Yeast Products (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY— Chromatographic estimations of tyramine and histamine in “Marmite” and four other yeast extracts showed a tyramine content from 0.1 to 1.6 mg/g and a histamine content of 0.2 to 2.8 mg/g. “Marmite” contained the largest amounts of both amines, but’ three samples of this extract showed a wide range in amine content. These variations in amine content of yeast extracts are discussed in terms of their manufacture. Pharmacological activity in one of the yeast extracts (“Marmite”) on the rat's blood pressure and on the intact bronchioles and isolated ileum of the guinea pig was due to the presence of tyramine and histamine. The clinical relevance of a high histamine content is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb14359.x
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  • 87
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    Tomato Volatiles: Effect of Variety, Processing and Storage Time (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY— Volatile components of three varieties of tomatoes processed in plain tin and enamel can linings at 0, 1, 4 and 8 months storage time were determined. A recently developed extraction method was used for separation and collection of volatiles free of moisture. This method allowed the study of small quantities of materials in a reasonable time. Multiple sampling of the vapor aliquots permitted qualitative and quantitative analysis.The greatest qualitative and quantitative differences in volatile composition were noted between the raw and heat processed samples. Methyl sulfide which was absent in the fresh fruit was formed during the heat process. The concentrations of acetaldehyde, acetone, methanol, and hexanal were significantly altered by processing. Differences between varieties were due to varying quantities of individual constituents but quantitative differences between can lining were less apparent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb14361.x
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  • 88
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    Action of Microorganisms on the Peroxides and Carbonyls of Fresh Lard (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY— The effect of 28 microorganisms on the accumulation of hydroperoxides and monocarbonyls in fresh fat has been determined. Pseudomonas ovalis, Micrococcus freudenreichii and two strains of Streptomyces increased the concentration of peroxides; M. freudenreichii also produced an increase in 2-enals, 2, 4-dienals, and alkanals. Pseudomonas fragi, Geotrichum candidum, and Candida lipolytica produced an increase in alkanals and methyl ketones. All other cultures either removed the small amount of peroxides and monocarbonyls in fresh fat and prevented any build-up or had no effect. The ability of microorganisms to oxidatively attack fats was not related to their oxidase reactions or their ability to produce lipase. Differences in oxidative activity on fresh and rancid lard are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb14365.x
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  • 89
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    Studies on a ‘Strap-Leaf’ Disease of Celery caused by Strawberry Latent Ringspot Virus (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 18 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRV), arabis mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus and an unidentified filamentous rod–shaped virus were isolated from cv. Lathom Blanching celery Plants showing symptoms of ‘strap-leaf’. Only SLRV induced the disorder when these viruses were sap–transmitted to healthy celery seedlings; the symptoms did not develop until the Plants were mature.The filamentous virus was sap- or aphid-transmitted (in a non-persistent manner) to only a few umbelliferous species and its particles were appro.ximately 770 nm long.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1969.tb00490.x
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of CCC on Eyespot (Cercosporella herpotrichoides) of Winter Wheat (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 18 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: CCC applied to winter wheat crops sometimes lessened lodging and increased grain yield, but had no effect on the incidence of eyespot or severity of the lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1969.tb00493.x
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  • 91
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    Effect of Paraflan Wax on Field Control of Potato Blight by Copper Oxychloride (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 18 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A formulation of copper oxychloride, containing emulsified paraffin wax, was compared with a commercial wettable powder in conventional field spraying trials for control of potato bhght (Phvtophthora infestans). Spraying with the wax formulation usually gave a significant increase in yield under conditions where the wettable powder did not. However, differences in copper residues on the foliage, and in control of blight, were slight. The wax may offset the effects of damage done to the Plants by the copper oxychloride.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1969.tb00495.x
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  • 92
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    Population Increases of Steneotarsonemm pallidus (Banks) following Spray applications of Dimethoate (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 18 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Field experiments on chemical control of Steneotarsonemus pallidus on Michaelmas daisies (Aster novi-belgii) at Wisley in 1967 and 1968 showed that massive increases in mite populations follow single spray appl.ications of dimethoate. Published reports of similar effects on strawberries indicate that predators are adversely affected by some organophosphorus pesticides. Predators were present on Michaelmas daisies at Wisley and may have been affected by dimethoate but there may also be some biochemical or other effect on the host plant that increases mite fecunditv.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1969.tb00477.x
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  • 93
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    The Economics of Mass Rearing Encarsia formosa, a Parasite of the Whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum, for use in Commercial Horticulture (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 18 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A rearing system capable of producing up to half a million parasites a week is described. The production costs for controlling whitefly on cucumbers in the United Kingdom are estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1969.tb00481.x
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  • 94
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    The Weather in England and Wales Autumn and Winter, 1968–1969 (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 18 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1969.tb00484.x
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  • 95
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    A Comparison of the Pathogenicity of Gloeotinia temulenta Isolates from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in Relation to their Use as Selective Agents in a Breeding Programme (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 18 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Perennial ryegrass clones of known disease reaction, ranging from resistant to very susceptible, were used as differentials to determine if the strains of Gloeotinia temulenta which, for the first time in 1965, caused severe infection in seed crops in the Netherlands were the same as those already present in the British Isles. Although mixed spores from Netherlands isolates caused slightly lower infection than mixed spores from the British Isles, the clones were ranked very similarly in infection tests when spores from both sources were used, and it is suggested that the races were probably the same. It was concluded that mixed spores from either country would be equally efficient in selecting resistant Plants for use in breeding disease-resistant cultivars of perennial ryegrass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1969.tb00483.x
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Shallot Aphid in South-east England (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 18 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A relationship has been established between the departures from average of temperatures in February and March and the subsequent level of infestation of strawberry crops by the shallot aphid in south-east England. Broadly, if temperatures in February (especially) and March areaverage or below, a low level of infestation can be expected. If these months are mild, moderate or severe infestation is probable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1969.tb00467.x
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  • 97
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    Cephalosporium gramineum causing Leaf Stripe in Grasses, and its Sporodochial Stage, Hymenula cerealis, on Cereals and Grasses (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 18 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Cephalosporium leaf stripe, caused by Cephalosporium gramineum has previously been recorded in Great Britain in wheat and bariey but not m grasses. Recent field investigations have shown that Dactylis glomerata. Avena fatua and Bromus sterilis harbour the disease, and symptoms are described. In the laboratory, formation of the sporo-dochial stages, Hymenula cerealis, was observed on infected material of cereals and grasses.Glasshouse studies showed that a number of grasses, including the agriculturally important ryegrasses, could be invaded through the soil, and differences in susceptibility between strains within the same species were apparent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1969.tb00468.x
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Chemical Control of Wireworms in Winter Wheat in the East Midlands, 1966–68 (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 18 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two trials were laid down with organochlorine seed dressings (gamma-BHC, aldrin and dieldrin) and one spray application (aldrin) as standards. Various organophosphorus seed dressings and granules (applied broadcast before drilling or combine-drilled) were also used. All treatments yielded significantly better than the controls in both trials except chlorfenvinphos, ‘Dursban’ and N2790, the first being significantly lower in the 1966–67 trial at the five per cent level and almost so in 1967–68. Parathion granules proved particularly effective, comparable to the best organochlorine, with the broadcast slightly better than the combine-drilled treatment. Trichloronate and N2790 gave lower yields than parathion, but those from the latter were reduced by waterlogging. Phytotoxicity resulted in a poor establishment with the ‘Dursban’ formulation as did the liquid dressing of chlorfenvinphos in the 1967–68 trial, although this was not so apparent in the earlier trial with the 2 oz per bushel (2 g/kg) powder dressing. Ethion did not delay germination and, whilst it appeared to show activity during the autumn feeding phase, there was evidence that it, and chlorfenvinphos, afforded little protection later in the season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1969.tb00459.x
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  • 99
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    Trials of Organophosphorus and Carbamate Seed Dressings against Wheat Bulb Fly Leptohylemyia coarctata in 1966–68 (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 18 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Seed dressings of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides, at 0⋅1 per cent and 0⋅5 per cent active ingredient to weight of seed, were compared with heptachlor and ethion standards for control of wheat bulb fly during 1966–68. Short rows of treated seeds were sown in autumn on sites infested with wheat bulb fly eggs, and sample plants were examined in spring. The effective new materials, judged by the percentage of damaged shoots and the percentage of plants containing live larvae, were R 42211 (0,0-diethyl 0-(2-diethylamino-6-methyl-pyri-midin-4-yl) phosphorothioate), B 77488 (0,0-diethyl phosphorothioate 0-ester with phenylglyoxylonitrile oxime), B 80833 (0-methyl 0-3,4-dichlorophenyl methyl phosphonothionate), ‘Dursban’ (0,0-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) and bromophos-ethyl. However, both doses of ‘Dursban’ and bromophos-ethyl. and the larger dose of B 80833 damaged young seedlings. There was only slight damage with the large dose of B 77488 and none with R 42211, so these two compounds were the most promising new materials tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1969.tb00460.x
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  • 100
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    The Weather in England and Wales, Spring and Summer 1968 (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 18 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1969.tb00463.x
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