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  • 42.55
  • Springer  (287)
  • National Academy of Sciences
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  • Springer  (287)
  • National Academy of Sciences
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral investigation of cw rf-pumped atomic Xe laser with a slab geometry (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 11-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 52.90
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A radiofrequency excited atomic Xe slab laser with an active volume of 2 × 10 × 300 mm3 using a quartz envelope containing the laser-gas mixture shows a stable cw performance with an output power of almost 1 W. The free-running system oscillates, depending on gas composition and density, on several lines between 1.73 and 3.51 μm. Line competition phenomena are observed. Single-line oscillation yields more than 500 mW.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081241
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging and analysis of photomechanical effects induced in water by high-power laser-target interaction (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 503-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 81.60 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of cavitation and associated photo-mechanical effects induced by underwater pulsed-laser irradiation of solid targets has been studied experimentally and analyzed with theoretical methods. A xenon-chloride excimer laser of 150 ns pulse duration has been utilized to produce ablation and local photofragmentation of artificial samples of hard tissues at fluences of 12–24 J/cm2. The evolution of pressure wave and cavitation formations developing in the liquid from the target surface after laser irradiation has been observed with a time-resolved imaging technique employing a pump-probe laser arrangement. The analysis of experimental results has been performed by using the theoretical model of “point explosion” that has been successfully applied to fit the cavitation kinetics, providing also quantitative information on the energy transfer during photo-acoustic interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081051
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance studies of a pulsed HF laser with a sliding discharge plasma cathode (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 357-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The plasma electrode design concept is applied for the first time to an HF laser. The discharge along the surface of a dielectric (sliding discharge) is used as a plasma cathode for the main laser discharge. The laser operates at atmospheric pressure with a gas mixture of He/SF6/C3H8. Details are presented on the efficiency of energy transfer, the dependence of laser performance on circuit parameters, gas mixture, relative energy loading and time delay between the plasma electrode and main discharges. The F atom production rate is estimated from the linear dependence of the output energy on the electric charge passed through the discharge. Output energies of 600 mJ were obtained at 1.6% efficiency from a small active discharge of 108 cm3 volume and 38 cm length, while the maximum specific input and output energies were 370 J/1 and 5.7 J/1, respectively. These values compare favourably with those reported in the literature for non-chain-reaction-type gas mixtures at 1 atm pressure and demonstrate that the plasma electrode design is a powerful scheme for developing gas-discharge lasers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081197
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of spectral narrowing of a pulsed Ti:Sapphire laser using pulsed and CW injection seeding (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report a comparative study of a pulsed as well as continuous-wave (cw) injection seeding of a Ti:Sapphire laser pumped by aQ-switched frequency-doubled Nd3+:YAG laser for achieving narrow spectral bandwidth. The results have indicated that the Ti:Sapphire laser using either a pulsed or a cw injection seeding could achieve efficient energy extraction in a narrow spectral bandwidth. In the case of pulsed injection seeding, the injection energy required for the complete injection seeding critically depended upon the timing of the Ti:Sapphire laser with respect to the delayed onset of the slave laser. On the other hand, in the case of cw injection seeding, the spectral bandwidth of the Ti:Sapphire laser was efficiently narrowed down to approximately 0.01 cm−1 with an injection power of less than 1 mW. In both types of injection seeding, characteristics observed experimentally were compared with those obtained by a numerical simulation code based on the one-dimensional rate-equation model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081247
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical and experimental investigation of a waveguide CO2 laser with radio-frequency excitation (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 113-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 52.00 ; 34.80 ; 52.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A comprehensive experimental and theoretical study of the optimization of a continuous-wave radiofrequency (rf) excited CO2 waveguide laser is presented. The numerical simulation includes the modelling of the gas-discharge plasma parameters like the plasma impedance and energy deposition, the laser kinetics and finally the influence of the resonator feedback on the lasing process. Along with this theoretical study, an extensive experimental research program enabled us to optimize the laser performance of the CO2 waveguide laser. As a result, a total output power of 42 W and a specific output power of 1.1 W/cm were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081112
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long lifetime operation of an ArF-excimer laser (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An experimental investigation to improve the lifetime of a discharge-excited ArF-excimer laser is presented. The three dominant factors restricting its lifetime are CF4 generation in the laser gas, color-center formation in the optics and input power density reduction due to electrode ablation. Copper electrodes were superior to nickel electrodes in regard to electrode ablation. A gas lifetime of more than 109 shots (about one month at 400 Hz) is shown for an ArF-excimer laser with a liquid-nitrogen trap and high-temperature zirconium alloy trap.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01833791
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of mid-infrared and far-infrared emission, generated at NH3 excitation by intense radiation of a TEA CO2 laser, on ammonia absorption (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 355-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33.00 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of Mid-InfraRed (MIR) (λ ≅ 12 μm) and Far-InfraRed (FIR) (λ ≽ 100 μm) emission from excited ammonia on the absorption of intense radiation of a TEA CO2 laser has been studied experimentally under collisional and collisionless excitation conditions with ammonia pressures from 0.5 to 0.03 Torr. The energy of MIR and FIR emission was studied as a function of NH3 pressure and laser energy fluence. Particular emphasis was given to the kinetics of MIR and FIR emission generation at different NH3 pressures and to the measurement of the time delay of re-emitted pulses relative to the exciting CO2 laser pulse. It has been found that the re-emission in the MIR range is highly collisional in nature. The intensity of MIR emission drops sharply (asp 3) with decreasing NH3 pressure and its delay time relative to the exciting laser pulse increases. At the same time, re-emission in the FIR range (in the case of resonant excitation of NH3 at the 9R (30) line of CO2 laser) is observed during an exciting pulse up top 〈 0.03 Torr. When binding the rotational sub-levels of a molecule with transitions, FIR emission acts as rotational relaxation and thus leads to an increase in NH3 IR absorption even at collisionless excitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01828738
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous operation up to 3 kHz in a discharge-pumped XeCl excimer laser (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Continuous operations at a high repetition rate up to 3 kHz for discharge-pumped XeCl excimer laser are presented. The dependence of the clearing ratio on laser-gas pressure and input energy densities is studied. It was found that suitable laser-gas pressures minimize the clearing ratio for various input-energy densities. It is also shown that few density disturbances in the discharge region are induced by gas heating in a discharge-pumped XeCl excimer laser with low input-energy density
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01112828
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency control of a dual-pulse-pumped dye laser by combination of external injection and intracavity self-injection of radiation (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A technique is proposed for injection-seeding control of tunable lasers. It is based on a combination of successive external injection and intracavity self-injection of radiation when the active medium is pumped by dual-step pulses. The technique is tested both experimentally (in the case of Nd:YAG-laser-pumped pulsed dye lasers) and numerically, using a model developed by us. Full conversion of the broadband spectrum into the injected line is achieved for an output energy greater by a factor of about 50 than that managed by means of the traditional injection-seeding technique under identical conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081254
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Operation of KrF and ArF tunable excimer lasers without Cassegrain optics (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 241-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A commercial tunable excimer laser consists of an oscillator-amplifier combination. The oscillator produces high-quality light that is sent to the amplifier and is distributed throughout the amplifier cavity via Cassegrain optics. We describe here two alternative approaches, a “single-pass” configuration for use with KrF and a “triple-pass” configuration with ArF, both of which do away with the Cassegrain optics. In each approach, the beam energy is the same as with Cassegrain optics. For KrF, the changes provide better locking, a higher degree of linear polarization, and a better spatial beam homogeneity, but a poorer beam divergence. For ArF, there is also better beam homogeneity, but the locking efficiency and divergence are not as good as with Cassegrain optics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01080951
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high average power rotating hollow cylinder Nd : glass laser (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 585-591 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The rotating hollow cylinder glass laser is one of the approaches for the generation of high average output powers scaling to kilowatt levels from solid-state laser materials. An analytical solution of the heat conduction equation is presented for a thin wall, infinitely long glass medium, with boundary conditions given by Newton's law of cooling. The theoretical result is applied to predict thermal effects of this geometry which ultimately limit the laser performance, and the design of such a laser. A flashlamp pumped rotating Nd-doped phosphate glass hollow cylinder laser has been demonstrated. An average power output of 300 W has been achieved at 3.8% slope efficiency and 2.6% overall efficiency. Our investigation shows that the development of a kilowatt average power rotating cylinder laser is feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01830997
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser-excited fluorescence of perylene by using self-induced second-harmonic and sum-frequency radiation emanating from high-power AlGaAs double hetero-type diodes (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 557-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 79.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract High-power (12 W) pulse-operated AlGaAs double-heterostructure lasers with a large thickness of the active layer (1.5 µm) are able to produce internal second-harmonic and sum-frequency generation with a peak power of 10 mW. The corresponding portion of the electroluminescence spectra has a maximum at 405 nm. Clearly resolved mode structures of the fundamental and harmonic radiation are analysed in detail. Particular transverse modes exhibit different conversion efficiencies. Violet resonances without modal precursors in the infrared spectrum make a marked contribution to the light intensity. The harmonic signal serves as an excitation source in photoluminescence studies. A technique of single-photon counting is applied in order to perform spectral measurements under weak-intensity levels. Bright fluorescence spectra of saturated solution of perylene ino-xylene are presented. The spectrum obtained when the solution is illuminated with a gas discharge lamp shows no differences with respect to the positions of the intensity peaks. This allows us to suggest that AlGaAs high-power lasers can be used as convenient excitation sources in photophysics, in particular in time-resolved experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081694
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Counting of particles in aqueous solutions by laser-induced photoacoustic breakdown detection (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.80 ; 82.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laser-induced photoacoustic breakdown detection is applied for the determination of particles in aqueous dispersion. Polystyrene (latex), alumina and thoriasol particles of different sizes are investigated for demonstration. Laser pulses at 500 nm with 28 ns pulse width (FWHM), generated by an excimer (λ = 308 nm) pumped dye laser, are focused into aqueous particle dispersions to produce breakdown. The dye laser pulse energy is fixed at a value lower than the breakdown threshold of pure water to initiate a dielectric breakdown only when particles are present in a given focus volume. Focus volume parameters and particle size dependent breakdown thresholds are calculated and the results are compared with data from literature. Dependence of breakdown threshold values on the chemical composition of the particles is determined for polystyrene, alumina and thoriasol particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01833800
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Second-harmonic generation with traveling-wave pulses (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 237-242 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 42.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We experimentally studied properties of traveling-wave excitation and traveling-wave pulse compression for a Nd : glass laser system with a streak camera. These properties were extended to second-harmonic generation with a type-11 KDP crystal. We found that the second-harmonic pulse generated from the chirped-fundamental pulse also has a good chirp linearity, but the spectral bandwidth and temporal duration were reduced. We demonstrated the effective subpulse suppression in the compressed pulse with the second-harmonic generation. The pulse with tilted wave front, short wavelength and high contrast ratio can be obtained by the second-harmonic generation of traveling-wave pulse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01833792
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  • 15
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    Diode-pumped colour-centre lasers tunable in the 1.5 µm range (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 437-442 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Under pumping with a 990 nm, 1 W laser diode, continuous-wave (cw) tunable laser emission in the 1.5 µm wavelength range was obtained from two different colour centres: Tl0(1) in NaCl:Tl+ and (F 2 + )H in NaCl:OH−. The results are compared to those recently obtained with a similar apparatus and Tl0(1) centres in KCl:Tl+. The highest output power (30 mW) and the broadest tuning range (1.48–1.68 µm) were achieved with (F 2 + )H centres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081041
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  • 16
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    Continuous-wave mode-locked solid-state lasers with enhanced spatial hole burning (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 429-437 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We systematically investigate the difference between both actively and passively mode-locked lasers with Gain-at-the-End (GE) and Gain-in-the-Middle (GM) at the example of Nd:YLF lasers. The GE laser generates pulse widths approximately three times shorter than a comparable GM cavity. This is due to enhanced Spatial Hole Burning (SHB) which effectively flattens the saturated gain and allows for a larger lasing bandwidth compared to a GM cavity. We first investigate enhanced SHB by measuring the cw mode spectrum, where we have observed that the mode spacing in GE cavities depends primarily on the crystal length. This was also confirmed for a Nd:LSB crystal, where the pump absorption length was significantly shorter than the crystal length. In mode-locked operation, pulse widths of 4 ps for passive mode locking and 5 ps for active mode locking are demonstrated with GE cavities, compared to 11 ps for passive and 17 ps for active mode locking with GM cavities. Additionally, the time-bandwidth product for the GE cavity is approximately twice the ideal product for a sech2 pulse shape and cannot be improved by dispersion compensation alone, while the GM cavity has nearly ideal time-bandwidth-limited performance. The results for the GM cavity compare well to existing theories taking into account the added effect of pump-power-dependent gain bandwidth which increases the bandwidth of Nd: YLF from 360 to 〉 500 GHz. In a following paper [1] (called Part II) a rigorous theoretical treatment of the effects due to SHB will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081271
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  • 17
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    Spectral properties of diode-pumped non-planar monolithic Nd:YAG ring lasers (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 243-248 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The coherence length of a single-frequency monolithic Nd:YAG ring laser is determined by using a highly unbalanced all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer. A coherence length larger than ⋍ 1500km and a 3 dB linewidth less than ⋍ 60 Hz is estimated. Furthermore, an easy method to measure the temperature dependence on several laser parameters is described. This method is based on the laser emission in multiple axial modes, which is enforced by coherent optical feedback. A model explaining the multimode behaviour is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082042
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Measurements of collisional quenching of hydrogen atoms in an atmospheric-pressure hydrogen oxygen flame by picosecond laser-induced fluorescence (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 479-487 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32.50 ; 33.50 ; 35.80 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Atomic hydrogen has been probed in a hydrogen/oxygen flame at atmospheric pressure by use of two-photon, picosecond Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF). The fluorescence was detected and temporally resolved by a streak camera with a temporal resolution of a few ps which allowed determination of the collisionally quenched lifetime of then = 3 level of atomic hydrogen. The measurements were performed for three flame stoichiometries,φ = 1.4, 2.0 and 3.5, and were spatially resolved with respect to the reaction zone. The evaluated lifetime was found to vary rapidly in the reaction zone from 60 to 105 ps just above and then levelled out at 90 ps throughout the post-flame region. Power dependence measurements of the fluorescence signal indicated the presence of other phenomena, such as saturation, ionization and photodissociation. Since an inverted population is created between then = 3 and then = 2 level, Stimulated Emission (SE) of considerable magnitude occurred and was studied temporally resolved using the streak camera. The LIF and SE signal strengths for individual laser pulses were recorded in order to analyse a possible anti-correlation between the LIF and the SE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081277
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  • 19
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    High-efficiency multicolour Q-switched Nd3+:KGd(WO4)2 laser (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 213-215 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Energy output of 400 mJ, an order of magnitude higher than reported previously is obtained in aQ-switched flashlamp-pumped Nd3+:KGd(WO4)2 laser. No pronounced saturation of the output energy with respect to the pump energy is observed. Multiwavelength operation due to efficient Stokes conversion in the laser crystal is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090946
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  • 20
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    Efficient vacuum-ultraviolet generation by anti-Stokes Raman scattering using a cryogenic Raman cell (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 319-323 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.55 ; 07.60 ; 07.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the increase of efficiency for high-order anti-Stokes Raman scattering using a cryogenic Raman cell. By cooling the cell to liquid-nitrogen temperature, output energies of the 9th-order anti-Stokes wave at 133 nm in normal hydrogen were enhanced by a factor of 10, and the 11th-order anti-Stokes line at 141 nm in normal deuterium appeared, while no output was observed at room temperature. No output energy enhancement, however, was obtained using cooled para-hydrogen as a result of multiple rotational Raman scattering. For long-term operation, the output window surface of the Raman cell was kept at above 200 K in order to protect it from deposition, the absorption of which is detrimental to VUV transmission.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081530
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  • 21
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    Ti:Sapphire-pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillators based on KTiOPO4 and RTiOAsO4 (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 437-442 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The design, configuration and operation of Ti:Sapphire-laser-pumped femtosecond Optical Parametric Oscillators (OPOs) using KTP and RTA are described. The results presented include configurations capable of producing transform-limited pulses shorter than 40 fs and operating with pump powers as low as 50 mW. Tunability within the 1–3 µn spectral region is demonstrated using pump-tuning alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081323
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  • 22
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    New UV tunable solid-state lasers for lidar applications (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 117-120 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 92.60 ; 92.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present the first lidar/DIAL system based on an Ultra Violet (UV) vibronic laser. A Nd:YAG-pumped Ce:LiSAF laser has been developed for this purpose, providing high pulse energy (5 mJ at 10 Hz), very high slope efficiency (33%), and a tuning range from 284 to 299 nm. Simultaneous measurements of SO2 and O3 concentration profiles are presented using this frequency-agile Ce:LiSAF-based lidar system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090981
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  • 23
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    Continuous-wave mode-locked solid-state lasers with enhanced spatial hole burning (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 569-579 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In Part I of this paper [1] experimental results were presented and discussed. In this part, we investigate theoretically the dynamics of end-pumped solid-state lasers due to enhanced spatial hole burning. This becomes possible by a fast numerical implementation of the saturated gain in the presence of strong spatial hole burning that allows to treat the multimode case for an arbitrary pumping level. We find for a wide range of laser parameters that the mode spacing of the cw running modes is essentially determined by the length of the gain medium and only weakly depends on the absorption depth of the pump transition. It is shown that spatial hole burning can lead to a completely flat saturated gain profile over half of the gain bandwidth. In mode-locked lasers, the flat gain due to spatial hole burning results in shorter pulses. But the pulses are neither Gaussian-nor sech-shaped as they are in actively or passively mode-locked lasers without spatial hole burning. Further, we show that soliton-like pulse shaping can be used to restore a transform-limited sech-shaped pulse in an end-pumped solid-state laser while exploiting the full gain bandwidth of the laser material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01091215
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  • 24
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    Rotating-disk diode-pumped continuous-wave Nd:YAG laser (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 525-528 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Continuous-Wave (CW) diode-laser-pumped experiments using rotating Nd: YAG disk(s) have been performed in the input-power range of 1–6 W and rotation-speed range of 0–25 Hz. With a single Nd: YAG disk in the laser cavity, about 1.56 W of output power at 1.06 µm due to the Nd3+ (4 F 3/2−4 I 11/2) transition at an absorbed input power of 4.2 W has been observed, leading to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of over 37% and slope efficiency of 52% using 7.5% transmission output coupler. The laser output power has been observed to decrease by either increasing the number of Nd:YAG disks in the cavity or increasing the rotation speed of the disk(s).
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    Effect of melting on the excitation of surface acoustic wave pulses by UV nanosecond laser pulses in silicon (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 285-298 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 43.00 ; 62.00 ; 65.00 ; 68.00
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of melting on the excitation of Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) pulses in silicon is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The developed theory of Rayleigh-type SAW laser-induced thermoelastic excitation in a structure composed of a liquid layer on a solid substrate predicts that the SAW is predominantly generated in the solid phase due to the absence of shear rigidity in a liquid. The characteristic changes in the SAW pulse shape as well as the saturation and even the decrease of the SAW pulse amplitude observed above the melting threshold are explained theoretically to be a result of the decrease of the heat flux into the solid phase as well as due to the decrease of the volume of the solid phase caused by melting. Although the heat flux into the solid phase is decreased both as a consequence of the reflectivity increase and the additional energy losses (latent heat of melting) at the phase transition, it is demonstrated that the influence of reflectivity changes on the SAW pulse is negligible in comparison with the effect of melt-front motion. For laser pulses of 7 ns duration at 355 nm, the threshold value of laser fluence for meltingF m=0.23±0.04 J/cm2 and for the ablationF a=1.3±0.2 J/cm2 were determined experimentally as the points of characteristic changes in the observed SAW pulses.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538194
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    Nonlinear behaviour of atomic fluorescence in mercury vapours following double-resonance laser excitation (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 303-307 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32.00 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract When mercury atoms, present with a buffer gas (N2 or Ar) in a quartz cell or in a graphite furnace are excited into the 73 S 1 level by means of two pulsed dye lasers tuned at 253.652 nm (61 S o → 63 P 1) and 435.835 nm (63 P 1 → 73 S 1), a laser-like, collimated emission is observed along the axis of the cell at the green mercury line (73 S 1 → 63 P 2), 546.074 nm). This radiation exhibits a pronounced non-linear dependence upon the number density of the mercury atoms in the cell. This behaviour is interpreted as being due to amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), which occurs as a result of the transient population inversion between the 7s 3 S 1 and 6p 3 P 2 o levels. The parameters governing the population inversion can be deduced by applying a rate equation analysis to the atomic system. A time-resolved observation of both ASE and spontaneous fluorescence signals confirms the totally different characteristics of the two emission processes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082625
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    Orange, red and deep-red flashlamp-pumped Pr3+:LiYF4 laser with improved output energy and efficiency (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 421-424 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60.Lh ; 42.55 ; 42.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three laser transitions (607.2 nm, 639.5 nm, 720.9 nm) in a flashlamp-pumped Pr3+:LiYF4 laser at room temperature are investigated. Cerium ions (Ce3+) doped into the fused-quartz envelope of the flashlamp efficiently transfer strong UV radiation from pumping light into the absorption region of Pr3+ ions (λ = 420−480 nm), so that the slope efficiency of all three laser emissions could be increased by almost 100% compared to excitation with a pure quartz flashlamp. At a pump energy of 30 J the output energy of these three laser emissions reached 4.7 mJ, 87 mJ and 30 mJ.
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    Detection of atomic oxygen in flames by absorption spectroscopy (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 543-546 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32.20 ; 42.55 ; 82.80
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The absolute concentration of atomic oxygen in an atmospheric pressure hydrogen/air flame has been measured using Intracavity Laser Spectroscopy (ICLS) based on a dye laser pumped by an argon-ion laser. Absorptions at the highly forbidden transitions at 630.030 nm and 636.380 nm were observed at an equivalent optical length of up to 10 km. The relatively low intensity of the dye laser avoids photochemical interferences that are inherent to some other methods for detecting atomic oxygen. The detection sensitivity is about 6 × 1014 atom/cm3 and can be improved with better flame and laser stabilization.
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    A diode-laser-pumped tunable Ho: YLF laser in the 2 µm region (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 69-71 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.45
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report the cw laser emission of Ho: YLF in an astigmatically compensated resonator under pumping by a laser diode array. We measured the laser efficiency at different operating temperatures of the crystal and the non-saturated gain coefficient at the peak wavelength of laser emission. The laser tunability extends from 2.040 µm to 2.075 µm.
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    Femtosecond excimer-laser-induced structure formation on polymers (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 289-293 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 81.40 ; 82.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Structure formation upon 500 fs 248 nm KrF-laser irradiation of PolyEthylene Terephthalate (PET) and PolyImide (PI) has been investigated. The results obtained with fs pulses have been compared to those with ns pulses.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348232
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    Simultaneous detection of atomic and molecular hydrogen using a tunable ArF excimer laser (1993)
    Springer
    Applied physics 56 (1993), S. 229-234 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report preliminary experiments which demonstrate the simultaneous detection of both atomic and molecular hydrogen using a single tunable ArF laser. The tunable ArF laser was modified to lase simultaneously at two wavelengths by the addition of a second grating to the oscillator stage as in earlier work by Ketterle et al. for KrF operation. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of dual-wavelength capability with a tunable ArF excimer. The H atom diagnostic utilized tunable ArF excimer laser output at 193.29 nm which was Raman shifted in D2 (first Stokes) to generate 205.14 nm radiation which then excited the H atom to its (3s, 3d) states via a two-photon transition. Fluorescence was detected at 656 nm on the (3s, 3d) → 2p transition. The second wavelength from the tunable excimer was used to excite several rovibronic LIF transitions of hydrogen molecule via two-photon absorption on the E 1Σ g + ⇐ X 1Σ g + (2,0) band. Fluorescence occurs at 750 nm and 830 nm on the (E 1Σ g + ⇒ B 1Σ g + ) transitions.
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    A tunable bragg cavity for an efficient millimeter FEL driven by electrostatic accelerators (1993)
    Springer
    Applied physics 57 (1993), S. 217-225 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A comparison between three possible cavity configurations, the confocal cavity, the ring cavity and the Bragg cavity is presented for a millimeter FEL set within the high voltage head of an electrostatic accelerator. A simple mechnical design to make the Bragg cavity tunable is proposed. The usual theory of the sinusoidal Bragg corrugation, in cylindrical geometry, is extended to the rectangular corrugation and, further, the theory of the Bragg mirror is extended to rectangular geometry. The features of a Bragg mirror in cylindrical and rectangular geometry are compared.
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    Infrared recombination lasers pumped by low energy Nd: YAG and excimer lasers (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 234-238 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60B ; 52.50J
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract 24 infrared laser lines on atomic and ionic transitions have been observed in recombining plasmas by vaporizing and ionizing Cd, Pb, Sn, Zn, and Mg with low energy Nd:YAG or excimer pump-lasers. For operation and optimization of the recombination lasers separated plasma spots and a plasma confinement have been used. The operation of shorter wavelength systems by isoelectronic scaling is discussed.
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    Elimination of variables in simple laser equations (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 55 (1992), S. 117-120 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 02
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The usual way of obtaining rate equations (RE) and a single equation for the field amplitude (EFA) from the semiclassical laser equations (Lorenz-Haken model) is reexamined by undertaking a systematic elimination procedure developed in synergetics. The RE and EFA are justified in the case 1 (γ⊥≫γ∥, κ) and case 2 (γ⊥, γ∥≫κ), respectively. We show that, because the eliminated variable happens to contain a considerable contribution from an unstable mode, the usual elimination technique in the case 3 (γ⊥, κγ∥) leads to an inconsistency. As important by-products we obtain the RE and EFA for arbitrary cavity relaxation constant (κ). Some remarks are given on the direct elimination technique in the non-diagonal representation in the study of instabilities.
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    Polarization and power characteristics of pulsed dye lasers with transverse pumping (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 55 (1992), S. 494-500 
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    Keywords: 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Starting from the classical theory on molecular luminescence in liquids, rate equation for two-polarization-mode laser oscillation under transverse pumping with intense excitation have been set forth neglecting the influence of orientational relaxation of the dye molecules. Hence, the laser output power and polarization under different configurations have been obtained. The results show that the dye laser is partially polarized even when the pump beam is unpolarized and no polarizing elements exist in the cavity. If we define a reference plane consisting of the axes of the pump beam and the dye laser, the laser system has to adopt the plane perpendicular to the reference plane as the polarization direction in order to yield a highly efficient, linearly polarized laser output. Experiments on a copper-vapor laser pumped dye laser verified these analytical results.
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    IR and FIR spectroscopy of 13CD3OH around the 10P(22) and 10P(24) CO2 laser lines: New FIR laser emissions, frequency measurements and assignments (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 24-28 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract By using high resolution infrared Fourier transform data on 13CD3OH and the 10P(22) and 10P(24) lines of a waveguide CO2 laser to optically pump this methanol isotope, eight new FIR laser lines were observed. The frequencies of five laser lines were directly measured by heterodyne detection with already known laser lines. Particularly interesting are the lines pumped by the 10P(24) line, since a triade of emissions could be completely assigned.
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    Laser induced lasing in CS2 vapor (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 221-226 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 42.55H
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract When CS2, contained in a tube at pressures ranging from 350 to 450 mTorr, was optically excited by a pulsed laser at a wavelength of 343.6 nm to the J=29, v=(0, 10, 0), R 3 B 2 state (i.e., the Σ=0 component of the a 3 A 2 state), six coherent emissions were observed along the same axis from both ends of the tube. These emissions possess the characteristics of the pump laser, such as linewidth, pulse duration and polarization, but do not need a cavity to gain amplification. The emissions terminate on the high vibrational states of the ground electronic state. A time delay between the pump laser and the emissions was observed. The emission intensity depends non-linearly on the CS2 pressure and exhibits a third order power dependence. A cooperative stimulated emission model is proposed to explain this phenomenon.
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    Output power enhancement of the 632.8 nm monomode He-Ne/I2-laser (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 307-308 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract For the He-Ne/I2-laser, a stable monomode operation has been realized when the tube pressure exceeds a certain level. An output power of more than 1 mW has been obtained at the 632.8 nm laser transition. Within the monomode tuning range of the laser, the d, e, f, g, and h, i, j iodine hyperfine components of the R(127) line of the 11–5 band of the B 3 II + 0u−X 1Σ+ 0g electronic transition have been observed. The mode selection method used makes it possible to increase the contrast of the iodine hyperfine components.
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    EPR and optical spectroscopy of Cr3+ ions in Y3Ga5O12 crystalline thin films (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 470-473 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 71.70 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The emission spectrum of Cr3+ in Y3Ga5O12 crystalline thin films at 10K is composed of the sharp R 1-line, its phonon sideband, and the very weak broadband. The lineshape of R 1-line at the peak wavelength of 689.8 nm cannot be fitted to a single Gaussian. This suggests that there exist several different Cr3+ sites in the thin film. This fact is confirmed by lifetime measurements; the radiative decay of the fluorescence is decomposed into multiple-exponential curves. The dominant component (2.8 ms) of the decay curve for the broadband emission is equal to those (2.4 ms) for R 1-line and its phonon sidebands. This result is discussed in terms of a tunneling model.
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    Output and picosecond amplification characteristics of an efficient and high-power discharge excimer laser (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 1-7 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Improvements in output pulse energy and efficiency of a conventional capacitor-transfer-type discharge excimer laser with automatic preionization have been achieved by extending the discharge volume and resulting moderate pumping of the active medium. The discharge laser produces a pulse energy of more than 1 J for XeCl, KrF, and ArF lasers in square beams of about 2×2 cm2, and the maximum overall efficiency observed is 2.9% for XeCl, 3.2% for KrF and 1.8% for ArF. The laser device has been involved in a picosecond (∼ 32 ps) XeCl laser amplification system, and was operated as an amplifier at a repetitive frequency of 10 Hz. Saturation fluence for XeCl laser was measured to be 1.4 mJ/cm2, and the picosecond pulse energy of ∼40 mJ was extracted from the amplifier.
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    Investigation of vibrational relaxation of excimers (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 22-26 
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    Keywords: 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The excimer vibtational relaxation have been studied in the diffusional approximation, and stationary substantially non-equilibrium populations of high vibrational levels have been found. New formulae have been derived for quantum yield of UV lasing. Taking into account the vibrational relaxation the new effect of far-IR radiation amplification in the active media of excimer lasers is predicted.
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    New far infrared laser lines from 13CH2F2 and frequency measurements (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 32-35 
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    Keywords: 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report new FIR laser lines from 13CH2F2 molecules optically pumped by a waveguide CO2 laser. The increased tunability (300 MHz) with respect to a conventional CO2 laser allows the pumping of 13CH2F2 vibrational transitions of large offset. 34 new laser lines have been discovered, ranging from 113.1 μm to 491.4 μm in wavelength, thus increasing the number of known FIR laser lines from this important molecule to 99. For all the new lines and many (36) of those known previously, precise offset measurements through the transferred Lamb-dip technique were performed. The frequency of six new laser lines was also directly measured by heterodyne detection with known laser lines.
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    New FIR laser lines from CD3OD optically pumped by a CO2 waveguide laser (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 36-41 
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    Keywords: 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this work we report new FIR laser lines from CD3OD optically pumped by a CO2 waveguide laser. The wide tunability of this laser (290 MHz) makes it possible to pump absorption lines with large frequency offset relative to the CO2 laser line center, which are not possible by using conventional CO2 lasers. As a consequence 19 new laser lines have been discovered, ranging from 38.0 μm to 455.2 μm in wavelength. For all lines, precise frequency offset measurements between the CO2 line center and the center of the absorber CD3OD line were performed using the transferred Lamb-dip technique. We also present direct Doppler-free offset measurements of infrared absorption, obtained within the FIR laser cavity itself, using optoacoustic detection.
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    Nonlinear mirror based on raman interactions (1991)
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    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 96-101 
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    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract We analyze a nonlinear mirror based on Raman interactions. The mirror is a combination of a Raman-active medium and a tetrachroic mirror. The reflections of the nonlinear mirror at two input frequencies differing by the Raman shift are calculated and its properties and possible applications are discussed.
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    Negative feedback using a nonlinear mirror for the generation of a long train of short light pulses (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 158-162 
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    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract A nonlinear mirror is used to provide a passive negative feedback in an actively mode-locked pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Trains of 250 ps pulses with a total length of up to 50 microseconds were generated. The train duration is limited only by the flashlamp pump pulse length.
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    Diagnostics of a Compact Discharge-Pumped XeCl Laser with BCl3 Halogen Donor (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 234-243 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 52.65 ; 52.80
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The results of a comprehensive study of a compact UV-preionized XeCl laser are presented. The subjects of this study were: discharge voltage and current measurements, dye laser probing of the active medium, and the mass spectrometry of gas mixture degradation products. It is shown that the gas lifetime was significantly improved when the laser was operated with BCl3 as a halogen donor instead of commonly used HCl. By the dye laser absorption and gain probing, the temporal and spatial dependences of the densities for several plasma components, Ne*, Xe*, Xe+*, Cl−, XeCl* and of ground state boron atoms were measured. Some aspects of plasma kinetics for uniform and constricted phases of the discharge are discussed. By the mass spectrometry of gas mixture degradation products on long-term operation of the laser device several gaseous (N2, O2, CO2, H2O, C2H4) and solid (NiCl2, H3BO3) products were detected in the laser chamber. NH4Cl was determined to be a stable fraction of the deposits on optics surfaces. The reasons for the improvement of gas lifetime for BCl3-containing gas mixtures are discussed.
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    Simultaneous oscillation on UV and IR transitions of the copper ion laser (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 323-325 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 52.25
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Simultaneous oscillation of UV (248–270 nm) and IR lines (773–785 nm) in the copper ion laser with helical hollow cathode has been observed using high reflectivity combination mirrors. The output power characteristics of these laser lines are measured as functions of the discharge current and fill-gas pressure. A total laser power of about 100 mW with equal UV and IR contributions was obtained.
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    Carbon atom fluorescence and C2 emission detected in fuel-rich flames using a UV laser (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 371-375 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 82.40
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    Notes: Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence from carbon atoms, excited at the two-photon resonances around 280 nm, has been detected in fuel-rich hydrocarbon flames together with Swan band emission from the C2 radical, which was non-resonantly excited at the same wavelengths. The emission from the C atom and from the C2 molecule exhibited several similarities, indicating a possible common photo-chemical origin.
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    Experimental studies of a XeCl laser having UV preionization perpendicular and parallel to the electrode surfaces (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 14-18 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 46.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on the results of an experimental study of a XeCl laser having two independent preionizators which generated UV radiation into the active medium in the perpendicular and parallel directions to the electrode surfaces. Output energy and other parameters were measured using a single preionizator and two preionizators, changing the power supply polarity and varying the delay time between the preionization and the main discharge. When the preionization system generated photons only in the direction perpendicular to the electrode surfaces, a high discharge current and a high output laser energy were obtained. Besides, the diffusion coefficient of the photo-preionized electrons, played an important role in the laser behaviour, particularly when a consistent delay time between the onset time of the preionization and the main discharge was present.
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    Femtosecond-excimer-laser patterning of YBa2Cu3O7 films (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 282-283 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.80 ; 42.55 ; 74.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Projection patterning of Y-Ba-Cu-O films on (100) SrTiO3 and (100) MgO substrates using femtosecond KrF-excimer-laser pulses is reported
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324265
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    Amplified spontaneous emission in short-pulse excimer amplifiers (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 71-74 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have found a simple analytical expression which describes the relation between amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and small-signal gain in short-pulse amplifiers. It is also shown that the contrast of the short pulse to the ASE is weakly dependent on the saturation of the ASE, and influenced mainly by the saturation of the short pulse. The theoretical considerations were verified by measurements.
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    611.8 nm single-mode He-Ne laser (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 292-294 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The conditions for optimum 611.8 nm laser operation are obtained and a convenient method for indicating 3.39 µm suppression is proposed. Single longitudinal mode 611.8 nm generation is obtained using higher gas-mixture pressure and application of an axial magnetic field. Several milliwatt monomode output power and 0.75 multimode-to-monomode power conversion coefficients are obtained without an internal iodine cell. A comparison of the experimental results with a single-mode laser theory is given.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00325050
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    Performance of internal-mirror frequency-stabilized He-Ne lasers emitting green, yellow or orange light (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 421-426 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A comprehensive control system has been developed for the stabilization of internalmirror He-Ne lasers to their power envelopes. It is designed particularly for use with lasers emitting at 552, 505, or 490 THz (543, 594, 612 nm). The aim has been to combine convenience in routine operation with good day-to-day resettability and minimal frequency drift during a day. The lasers are observed to emit in up to four modes simultaneously and their tuning behaviour is highly alignment-sensitive. They also tend to flip between modes having orthogonal linear planes of polarization. Reliable control of polarization and mode frequency are possible using permanent magnets and active length control through thermal expansion. The stabilized single-frequency outputs have frequency drifts of about 2×10−8 per year, and powers of between 150 μW and 850 μW.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329105
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    Theory of active-passive mode-locking of solid-state lasers using a nonlinear mirror (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 409-413 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The theory of active-passive mode-locked solid-state lasers is developed where the passive mode-locking is achieved by a nonlinear mirror. Steady-state cw numerical solutions are analyzed in detail for the case of a Nd: YAG laser. The steady-state pulse duration can be reduced by an order of magnitude as compared to the pure active mode-locking regime.
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    Optimum gain length for pulsed dye laser amplifiers (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 133-136 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60d
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown analytically that for a pulsed dye laser amplifier, transversely pumped by a short duration pulsed laser, there exists an optimum gain length of the amplifier at dye laser wavelengths at which ground state absorption does not vanish. Thus, if the available pump power is distributed over this gain length, the extraction efficiency and the saturated gain of the amplifier reaches a maximum. The dependence of the extraction efficiency and gain on the amplifier length is strongly affected by the nonlinear absorption of the dye laser arising from excited state absorption, subsequent to ground state absorption.
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    Double XeCl laser with lateral UV preionization (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 254-257 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a very compact and very reliable laser system formed of two discharge sections both with lateral UV preionization. The discharge electrodes are contained in a single vessel and form an oscillator-amplifier system. A single spark gap switches on both circuits. By applying a generalized self-filtering unstable resonator to the oscillator and injecting the laser beam into the single pass amplifier, an output beam of 105 mJ, with a brightness of 5.5×1013 W cm−2Sr−1 has been obtained. Moreover, by applying a pulse-forming network in one discharging circuit, the duration of the discharge breakdown has been increased and output laser pulses of 40 ns FWHM, and 80 ns base width duration (at 10% points) and of energy 100 mJ are obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00325044
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    Disorder and the shape of the R-lines in Cr3+-doped garnets (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 565-572 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.40 ; 78.55 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes measurements of the R-line emission from Cr3+ ions in Y3Ga5O12, Gd3Sc2Ga3O12, and Gd3Sc2Al3O12. Discrete splittings of the lines are interpreted as due to disorder on the cation sublattices. Assuming statistical distributions of the cations on the different cation sublattices enables estimates to be made of the degree of non-stoichiometry in the crystals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323448
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    A continuously tunable GaAs diode laser with an external resonator (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 29-32 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60B
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Design and characteristics of an “external cavity single mode GaAs diode laser” are described which allow continuous wavelength tuning over 50 GHz without mode hops. Tuning is achieved by synchronous tilting of both a thin solid etalon and a Brewster plate inside the laser resonator. Stabilizing the laser frequency to an external Fabry-Perot interferometer yields a frequency stability of ≦1 MHz at output powers up to 20 m W.
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    Experimental investigation of the MIR optically pumped ammonia bidirectional ring laser (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 377-381 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the Doppler-broadened 11.76 μm 15NH3 emission line optically pumped in a ring resonator by a cw CO2 laser operating on the 10R(42) line. In the pure ammonia, even if the pumping occurs inside the Doppler width, the two-photon Raman process seems to be responsible for the laser emission. Both in the pure 15NH3 and in the 15NH3, N2, and He mixture we demonstrate the possibility of obtaining a unidirectional laser amplifier.
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    High efficiency cw far infrared lasers at 119 μm and 127 μm (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 48 (1989), S. 305-309 
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    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The optically pumped FIR laser lines at 119 μm from CH3OH and at 127 μm from13CD3OH are known to be the most powerful in the far infrared spectral region. We report on efficiency measurements for our waveguide laser system. The effect of various parameters was investigated, resulting in the highest efficiency ever reported for the 119 μm line. The Stark effect and others parameters of the 127 μm were measured, and a new13CD3OH laser line at 175 μm discovered, with the same pump transition. These measurements are helpful for completing the assignment already proposed for the 127 μm line.
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    Photoacoustic detection of NH3 in power plant emission with a CO2 laser (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 91-97 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 7.65G ; 42.55 ; 86.70G ; 86.70L
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes a photoacoustic spectrometer for detection of NH3 in power plant emission with a detection limit below 1 ppm. The radiation source is a tunable CO2 waveguide laser, and detection is performed at reduced pressure, where the vibration-rotation lines of NH3 are essentially Doppler broadened. Immunity against interference is ensured by recording a characteristic spectral profile, and problems associated with the high concentration of CO2, and the associated line center absorption are eliminated by utilizing the effect of kinetic cooling on the photoacoustic phase. A computerized spectrometer has been constructed and tested under realistic conditions at a Danish power plant operating a test facility for selective non-catalytic reduction of NO x . Results of this field test are given.
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    Continuous wave 1.6 μm laser action in Er doped garnets at room temperature⋆ (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 269-273 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.45 ; 78.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on room-temperature cw laser action of Er3+: Yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) and Er3+: Yttrium-gallium-garnet (YGG) crystals at 1.64 μm. The laser operates from the metastable4 I 13/2 manifold into an upper Stark level of the4 I 15/2 ground-state manifold of Er3+. Due to reabsorption losses, the Er3+ concentration of the laser crystals must be low. Laser pumping at a wavelength of 647.1 nm yields lowest thresholds around 30 mW and slope efficiencies up to 12.7% for Er:YAG. Laser operation in Er:YGG is achieved with higher thresholds of about 200 mW and smaller slope efficiencies of 0.9%. The effective emission cross section in YAG is estimated to be σe≈5×10−21 cm2.
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    An analysis of the free-electron laser small-signal gain in a resonator gaussian mode (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 541-544 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simplified analysis of the small-signal gain in the presence of a Gaussian mode is presented for several undulator designs. For a filamentary electron beam, an analytical expression of the gain is obtained and found to be in agreement with previous work and with computer simulations. A general expression of the small-signal gain for the optical klystron FEL is given.
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    New FIR laser lines from CHD2OH optically pumped by a cw CO2 laser (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 48 (1989), S. 245-248 
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    Keywords: 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This work reports 83 new optically pumped far infrared laser lines, using deuterated methyl alcohol, CHD2OH, as active medium. For each line we list the measured wavelength, its polarization relative to the pump line, the optimum gas pressure and the CO2 laser pump power at the maximum absorption.
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    A new efficient far-infrared optically pumped laser gas: CH3 18OH (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 48 (1989), S. 299-304 
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    Keywords: 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The12CH3 18OH molecule has been investigated for new far-infrared laser lines by optically pumping it with a cw waveguide CO2 laser. The larger tunability (318 MHz) with respect to a conventional CO2 laser permits the pumping of many12CH3 18OH lines. As a consequence 100 new laser lines have been discovered, ranging from 34.6 μm to 653.2 μm in wavelength. The infrared spectrum of12CH3 18OH has been observed and all the fundamental vibration energies measured.
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    Photophysical properties and laser performance of photostable UV laser dyes (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 45 (1988), S. 279-284 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 33 ; 42.55 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The photophysical properties such as singlet absorption and fluorescence spectra, the fluorescence quantum yield and fluorescence decay time as well as the laser performance data such as the tuning range, the conversion efficiency, and the photochemical stability of 12 sterically hinderedp-quaterphenyls have been measured in ethanol and/or dioxane at room temperature. The sterically hinderedp-quaterphenyls exhibit shorter laser dye emissions in the 330–380 nm range than the parent compoundp-quaterphenyl. The conversion efficiencies of the sterically hinderedp-quaterphenyls range between 1 and 21%. The photochemical stability of the sterically hinderedp-quaterphenyls is by a factor of 10 to 20 better in dioxane than in ethanol. 2-Methyl-5-tert. butyl-p-quaterphenyl and 2,5,2‴,5‴-tetramethyl-p-quaterphenyl are among the most stable UV laser dyes known today.
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    Automatic impedance matching and opto-Hertzian effect in RF excited CO2 waveguide lasers (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 47 (1988), S. 149-157 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report the successful operation of a novel automatic impedance matching technique (AIMing) and observations of the opto-Hertzian effect. The AIMing system is capable of maintaining efficient RF power delivery to a CO2 waveguide laser over a wide range of operating conditions. The opto-Hertzian signal, produced by circulating laser power fluctuations and detected in the RF reflected power, has some interesting properties and may be used for laser frequency stabilisation.
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    170 fs pulse generation by optical pulse compression at 308 nm (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 46 (1988), S. 139-140 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Pulses of 170 fs duration have been obtained by compression of 220–250 fs pulses of a hybrid excimer-dye laser setup.
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    Passive Q-switching and mode-locking for the generation of nanosecond to femtosecond pulses (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 46 (1988), S. 43-60 
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    Keywords: 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The passive and hybrid Q-switching and mode-locking of solid-state lasers, dye lasers, semiconductor lasers and gas lasers is reviewed. The dynamics of saturable absorbers and reverse saturable absorbers is illustrated. The nanosecond pulse generation by passive and hybrid Q-switching of low-gain active media is described. The picosecond and femtosecond pulse generation by passive and hybrid mode-locking in low-gain and high-gain active media is analysed. The performance data of passively and hybridly mode-locked cw femtosecond dye lasers are collected. The pulse shortening of ultra-fast pulses with saturable absorbers in intra-cavity and extra-cavity configurations is discussed.
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    A mirror with an intensity-dependent reflection coefficient (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 45 (1988), S. 191-195 
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    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A device exhibiting a power-dependent reflection coefficient with fast time response and no frequency shift is proposed and analysed. It utilizes a combination of a nonlinear crystal for second harmonic generation and a dichroic mirror with high reflectivity for the second harmonic and partial transmission for the fundamental wavelenth. This device has been successfully used in a preliminary experiment to modelock a Nd:YAG laser.
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    Improved conversion efficiency of XeCl radiation to the first stokes at high pump energy (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 47 (1988), S. 101-105 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An XeCl laser beam has been used to investigate stimulated Raman scattering in H2 and in various H2-foreign gas mixtures. Helium, neon, argon, and nitrogen have been tested as foreign gases. In all the investigated mixtures with 50% of H2, the energy conversion efficiency to the first Stokes (353 nm) was more than 70% higher than that obtained in H2 at the same total pressure (40 bar) and pump energy (60 mJ). The dependence of the energy conversion efficiency on pump beam divergence has also been investigated.
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    Numerical analysis of multi-mode laser with modulated inversion (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 43 (1987), S. 139-153 
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    Keywords: 42.50.+q ; 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A systematic description is developed for the dynamical behavior of a multi-mode unidirectional ring laser under modulation of the population inversion in a homogeneously broadened active medium. The modulation frequency is chosen to be close to the longitudinal mode spacing in the cavity. We report a rigorous and extensive numerical analysis of this system by choosing the dc component of the population inversion, the modulation amplitude and the detuning of the modulation frequency as control parameters for both cases of good and bad cavities. In the good cavity, this system exhibits two characteristic transitions toward the conventional mode-locked pulse oscillation as the modulation amplitude increases: the first transition to the region of the ordered amplitude and disordered phase of the electric field, and the second one to the ordinary mode-locking in which both the amplitude and the phase are ordered. In the bad cavity, two kinds of chaos are observed: the Lorenz-type chaos in the region of weak modulation and strong population inversion and the quasi-periodic chaos in the region of strong modulation and intermediate population inversion. The dimensionality of chaotic behaviors is also tested to reveal mechanisms of instability. The coherent and incoherent properties of emitted light at each region are clarified, too.
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    CW injection phase locking in homogeneously broadened media II. Phase locking and tunability of CO2 waveguide lasers (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 43 (1987), S. 273-279 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Injection phase locking of a powerful CO2 waveguide laser with a stable singlefrequency master oscillator is described. The locking range is experimentally investigated versus both injected signal frequency and slave cavity length. A locking tunability up to ±180 MHz from CO2 10P(20) line center has been achieved. Experimental results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical development exposed in the preceeding paper.
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    New large offset far-infrared laser lines from CD3OH (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 44 (1987), S. 111-117 
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    Keywords: 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The CD3OH molecule has been investigated for new far-infrared laser lines by optically pumping with a cw waveguide CO2 laser. The increased tunability (300 MHz) with respect to a conventional CO2 laser permits to pump many new CD3OH lines. As a consequence 108 new laser lines have been discovered, ranging from 42.9 to 1155 μm in wavelength. On some lines the effect of an electric Stark field has been investigated demonstrating a laser frequency tuning. The total number of known FIR laser lines from CD3OH is increased to about 340 making this molecule the most prolific together with CH3OH.
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    cw Injection phase locking in homogeneously broadened media (1987)
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    Applied physics 43 (1987), S. 203-208 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract A theory of cw injection phase locking in homogeneously broadened media is investigated using density matrix formalism to derive the interactions of three coherent fields with a two levels system. This powerful formalism leads to analytical expressions of the complex gain for each wave propagating inside the amplifier medium. Studies of the minimum signal intensity for single-frequency operation and power output are related.
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    Measurement and assignment of new FIR laser lines in12CH3OH and13CH3OH (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 44 (1987), S. 67-69 
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    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have found twelve new FIR laser lines in12CH3OH and thirty three in13CH3OH. Both molecules were pumped by a regular cw CO2 laser. We have also assigned 2013CH3OH laser lines to specific rotational energy levels in the excited C-O stretchhindered rotation combined states
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    Dynamic absorption effects in KrF* amplifiers (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 42 (1987), S. 11-15 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The results of transient loss measurements performed in a self-sustained discharge KrF* amplifier are reported. Analysis of these results gives a minimum value of 20 for the effective gain to loss ratiog 0/αeff, indicating that efficient extraction of energy in subpicosecond KrF* amplifiers in the ∼1 J range should be achievable.
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    Simple single-frequency He-Ne laser (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 40 (1986), S. 153-155 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract For a (0.5–0.6)m long He−Ne laser tube, single longitudinal mode 632.8 nm generation is obtained, using a higher gas-mixture pressure and application of an axial magnetic field. An efficient and very simple mode selection is obtained by gas-mixture pressure increase only. A multimode power to single-mode power conversion coefficientk=0.75 is obtained by increasing the tube pressure. A further increase tok=0.85 is possible with optimum magnetic field and gas pressure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697245
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    Stimulated radiation via several hybrid resonance processes in Na-K or K vapor (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 125-129 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the observation and analysis of several different opticalpumping and energy-transfer processes for generating stimulated radiation, including equal or unequal frequency two-step Na2−K and K2−K hybrid resonance. A series of infrared stimulated and cascade stimulated lines by the transitions in atomic potassium were detected.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702664
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    Characterization of the noise in continuously operating mode-locked lasers (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 39 (1986), S. 201-217 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An experimental and theoretical investigation of the fluctuations of the pulses from continuous-wave mode-locked lasers is presented. It is shown that these fluctuations can be detected and quantitatively characterized from measurements of the power spectrum of the light intensity. Such power spectra can be measured with great accuracy by shining the laser output on a suitable photodetector and by processing the detector signal with the use of an electronic spectrum analyzer. Different types of noise such as fluctuations of the pulse energy, pulse repetition time, and pulse duration, can be readily recognized from their characteristic spectral signature. Experimental results of noise measurements are presented for a synchronously mode-locked dye laser pumped by an acousto-optically mode-locked argon ion laser, and also for a colliding pulse passively mode-locked dye laser.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697487
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  • 81
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    Performance improvement of an x-ray preionized XeCl laser of very small discharge volume (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 31-37 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 34.80G ; 42.55 ; 52.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Increasing the preionization electron density is found to be an effective method for improving the output performance of discharge-pumped excimer lasers at high gas pressures when the power-supply voltage becomes a limiting factor. In a small volume (2 cm3), x-ray preionized discharge, orders of magnitude improvement in XeCl laser power output (up to 400 kW) and pulse energy (up to 26 mJ) over previously reported results have been found possible using this method. Modifications to the low energy x-ray source and discharge system leading to these improvements are described. Various laser output characteristics are also presented and discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697524
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    Passive mode locking of the continuous wave DCM dye laser (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 53-55 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The first passive mode locking of the continuous wave (cw) DCM dye laser is reported. Subpicosecond pulses as short as 0.68 ps were obtained over the spectral region from 655 to 673 nm from a simple linear cavity with no dispersion optimisation. The dye 1,3′ Diethyl 4,2′ quinolythiacarbocyanine iodide (DQTCI) was used as the saturable absorber.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697528
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  • 83
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    New cw optically pumped FIR laser lines (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 179-181 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Far-infrared laser action has been demonstrated in three previously unknown laser media. The substances used were: propargyl fluoride, 15-N cyanogen fluoride, and hydroxylamine. Assignments of the molecular transitions giving rise to the observed laser lines were made for the latter two compounds. New FIR laser lines were also observed with two substances, vinyl chloride and vinyl fluoride, which were already known as laser media by pumping with isotopic CO2 and N2O laser lines. The wavelengths of a total of 26 new FIR laser lines were determined together with the threshold pump power and an indication of the relative line strengths.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693920
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  • 84
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    Optimization criteria for optical klystrons (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 231-234 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We discuss simple criteria which allow the determination of both an optimum drift strength and total length, for the optical klystron operation. The analysis of the gain reduction factors also includes the finite microbunch length. We extend the discussion to harmonic generation, where we also find an optimum for the input power.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697403
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    Attachment kinetics and life time of perionization electrons in rate-gas halogen laser mixtures (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 40 (1986), S. 15-23 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 34.80G ; 42.55 ; 52.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Experiments on homogeneous initiation of pulsed avalanche discharges in typical XeCl laser mixtures show that the x-ray preionization pulse remains effective after a time delay of the order of 20 μs even at very high gas pressures (∼15 atm). Detailed kinetics analyses indicate that dissociative attachment of HCl is relatively slow during and after the preionization period so that the long effective delay time cannot be attributed to the storage effect of Cl− ions. Instead, the observed phenomenon can be attributed to the long survival time of the free electrons due to relatively slow diffusion and electron-ion recombination. Some problems arising from quantitative interpretation of the experimental results are also noted and discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697222
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  • 86
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    Undamped undulation superposed on the passive Q-switching pulse of a CO2 laser (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 39 (1986), S. 83-90 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An undamped undulation superposed on the pulse tail of the passive Q-switching is observed using HCOOH gas as a saturable absorber. The pulse shapes with the undulation are nicely reproduced through the rate-equation analysis in which the laser gain medium is described as a three-level system. Good agreements between the observation and the calculation are also obtained in the dependence of the period and the width of passive Q-switching pulse on laser parameters. The mechanism of the undulation is interpreted as the relaxation oscillation attributed to the relaxation from the lower laser level. The collisional rate constant of HCOOH molecule is also obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694802
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  • 87
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    Shortening of travelling-wave-amplified spontaneous emission by a transversal pumping scheme (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 40 (1986), S. 35-38 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An experimental investigation on shortening of travelling-wave ASE employing a transversal pumping is presented. A N2 laser with λ=337.1 nm, pulsewidth: 700 ps is used as a pump source. An ASE pulse with duration of 45, 55 and 45 ps from dye solution of Rh 6G, Rh B and C311, respectively, is obtained. Pulse shapes of output signals generated from these solutions in three different pumping schemes are compared.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697225
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  • 88
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    Preionization and discharge stability study of long optical pulse duration UV-preionized XeCl lasers (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 1-24 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a complete study of the temporal and spatial characteristics of the preionization of a XeCl rare-gas halide laser. The detailed study was made possible using the technique of laser-induced preionization which utilizes the uv radiation from a KrF laser to preionize a second rare-gas halide laser. In addition to the preionization study, high spatial and temporal resolution framing camera photographs have been used to investigate the growth of discharge instabilities which can lead to the premature termination of the XeCl optical pulse. The roles played by HCl, Xe, the buffer gas as well as the discharge energy loading in the development of discharge instabilities have been determined experimentally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697522
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    Subpicosecond pulse generation in synchronously pumped energy transfer dye lasers (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 39 (1986), S. 183-186 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We describe the relatively efficient generation of picosecond pulses in an energy transfer dye laser synchronously pumped by an argon-ion laser and a Q-switched and modelocked cw-Nd3+: YAG laser, respectively. Maximum tuning range from 550 to 700 nm has been achieved. In both cases considerable pulse shortening in the spectral region of the donor emission was observed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697417
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    Determination of the unsaturated losses and of the saturation intensity in the KrCl excimer laser (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 40 (1986), S. 115-120 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The unsaturated losses α, and the saturation intensityI s, were measured in an uv-preionized KrCl laser for optimized He and Ne based laser gas mixtures. The measurements were made as a function of the specific power loading and of the total pressure of the laser mixtures. Higher values for α andI s were found for the Ne-based laser mixture than for the He-based mixture. At 45 kV charging voltage and at 355 kPa of total pressure we measured α=0.053 cm−1 andI s =9.4MW/cm2 for the Ne based mixture, and α=0.035 cm−1 andI s =5.1MW/cm2 for the He based mixture.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694785
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    Fluctuation mechanism and statistical characteristics of active-passive mode locking in giant pulse solid-state lasers (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 40 (1986), S. 157-164 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical investigation of active-passive mode-locked lasers is presented. The main conclusion is that the intrinsic instability of a passively mode-locked laser due to the primordial noise fluctuation can be minimized by introducing an active modulator into the resonant cavity. Good agreement between computer simulation and experimental results reported previously is obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697246
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  • 92
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    Wideband tuning of the blue-green XeF (C→A) laser (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 205-207 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Efficient wavelength tuning from 446 to 524 nm with a minimum spectral linewidth of 1 nm was demonstrated for an electron beam pumped XeF(C→A) laser. Energy densities of 0.1 J/l were obtained for an optimized Ar/Kr/Xe/F2/NF3 mixture.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692942
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    New submillimetre laser lines from CH3OD and CD3OD (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 209-211 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Thirteen new submillimetre emission lines have been observed when pumping CH3OD using isotopic CO2 lasers, and fourteen when pumping CD3OD. Three isotopic CO2 lasers were used12C16O2,12C18O2, and13C16O2. The new lines were observed in a Fabry-Perot resonator. The wavelength ranges observed were from 55 to 320 μm for CH3OD and from 66 to 531 μm for CD3OD. The polarisation of the submillimetre laser lines relative to the CO2 pump line has also been determined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692943
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    On the opto-voltaic measurements in CO and CO2 lasers (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 36 (1985), S. 149-153 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We observed and compared the opto-voltaic signals in CO and CO2 lasers. The signals are obtained capacitively from the water cooling jacket as a low voltage source not influencing the current circuit. We observed from measurement that the output power and the so-called optovoltaic input power have a distinct relationship depending on laser current and cavity parameters. It will be shown that opto-voltaic detection is a very sensitive method especially for CO lasers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691780
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  • 95
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    Synchronously pumped double mode-locking of a rhodamine 6G-Cresyl violet mixture (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 7-9 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Rhodamine 6G-Cresyl violet dye mixtures are synchronously pumped to obtain double mode-locking. Subpicosecond pulses are obtained at two wavelengths in an experimental setup that is easy to implement into existing conventional synchronously pumped systems. In addition, the excitation mechanisms of the secondary dye are discussed and evidence for resonant energy transfer is presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691686
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    An oscillator-amplifier distributed feedback dye laser system, pumped by a single TEA N2 laser (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 35-39 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we describe a simple and inexpensive Distributed Feedback Dye Laser (DFDL) system for picosecond pulse generation. This system consists of an oscillator-amplifier DFDL, either in the grating or in the prism configuration: both stages are pumped by a single TEA nitrogen laser with improved beam quality. Single pulses having duration of 26 ps are obtained at a frequency up to 100Hz; the overall pulse-to-pulse stability is, at the maximum frequency, of about 25%. This system is particularly well-suited for time-resolved fluorescence microscopy studies where short tunable laser pulses of low energy are required.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691690
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    Inhomogeneous broadening effects in Optical Klystrons operating with accelerating devices without radiative damping (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 229-232 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this letter paper we analyse the effect of electron-beam qualities (namely, energy spread and emittances) on both spontaneous emission and gain of an Optical Klystron (OK). We use the relationship between average current and normalized emittances, typical of the accelerating machines without radiative damping, to evaluate the optimum operating parameters.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692947
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    Power optimization of a Tl photodissociation laser (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 38 (1985), S. 165-169 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 34 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Conditions for the operation of a Tl photodissociation laser, in view of power optimization, have been determined. A crucial parameter is found to be quenching of the upper laser level. A value for the quenching cross-section of the 72 S 1/2 Tl state by the TlI molecules of 2×10−14 cm2 has been measured.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697479
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    Photoquenching parameters for commonly used laser dyes (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 38 (1985), S. 191-197 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 35 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laser dyes which are commonly used in pulsed laser pumped dye laser (PLPDL) systems have been investigated. It is shown that photoquenching plays an important role in the pumping process of all laser dyes, determining the efficiency of the PLPDL. Molecular parameters, such as absorption cross sections at various pumping wavelengths and fluorescence lifetimes of theS n (n〉1) excited electronic states of laser dyes, have been determined utilizing the photoquenching technique.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697483
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  • 100
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    Picosecond configuration relaxation in the1 T 1u -state of Ag−-centers in KI (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 36 (1985), S. 213-216 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The relaxation of the optically excited Ag−-center in KI is investigated by measuring the risetime of the spontaneous emission from the relaxed excited state. The energy and number of phonons created in the relaxation process are determined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00704577
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