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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (23,092)
  • General Chemistry  (14,032)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (6,449)
  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER  (2,464)
  • Aerodynamics
  • Aircraft Stability and Control
  • Limnology
  • Seismicity
  • 1985-1989  (29,467)
  • 1960-1964  (11,831)
  • 1945-1949  (1,929)
  • 1920-1924
Collection
Keywords
Years
Year
  • 1
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    In:  Geophys. J. RAS, DGG and EGS, San Francisco, Pergamon, vol. 96, no. B3, pp. 131-138, pp. 1447, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Fracture ; Seismicity
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  • 2
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Berlin, Ges. f. Geowissenschaften e.V., vol. 16, no. 5454, pp. 1421-1424, pp. L02309, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismicity ; seismic Moment ; GRL
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  • 3
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    In:  Tectonophys., L'wiw, Inst. f. Theoret. Geodäsie, vol. 167, no. 2-4, pp. 179-186, pp. B01408, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake hazard ; Seismicity ; time ; fluctuations ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Thom ; 1972 ; FROTH ; (abstract)
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  • 4
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    In:  Tectonophys., Kunming, China, 4, vol. 167, no. 4, pp. 81-91, pp. L13613, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Statistical investigations
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  • 5
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    In:  Geophys. J., San Francisco, Pergamon, vol. 98, no. B3, pp. 575-586, pp. 1447, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Tectonics ; Seismicity ; Earthquake risk
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  • 6
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., San Francisco, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1325-1328, pp. B10404, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Geol. aspects ; Fault zone ; GRL
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  • 7
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    In:  Acta Geophys. Polonica, Basel, Elsevier Science Publishers, vol. XXXVII, no. 3, pp. 249-261, pp. L15S20, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; China ; FROTH, ; GMG-Bibl. ; BO
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  • 8
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    In:  Tectonophys., Leipzig, 3-4, vol. 167, no. B6, pp. 299-312, pp. L15313, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Subduction zone ; Pattern recognition
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  • 9
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., London, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 665-680, pp. 1869, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismicity ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Fore-shocks ; Aftershocks ; JGR
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  • 10
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., London, Amer. Sc., vol. 94, no. 4, pp. 15565-15586, pp. 1001, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Geol. aspects ; Aftershocks ; Seismicity ; Fault zone ; Travel time ; JGR
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  • 11
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Münster, Amer. Sc., vol. 94, no. 4A, pp. 10231-10257, pp. L11609, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Seismicity ; Fault zone ; Moment tensor ; JGR ; Ekstroem ; Ekstrom
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  • 12
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    In:  Geophys. J., Münster, Amer. Sc., vol. 97, no. 11, pp. 449-457, pp. L11609, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Geol. aspects ; Tectonics ; Plate tectonics
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  • 13
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    In:  Geophys. J. RAS, DGG and EGS, Münster, Amer. Sc., vol. 97, no. 11, pp. 449-457, pp. L11609, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Tectonics
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  • 14
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    In:  Tectonophys., New York, Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., vol. 167, no. 14, pp. 285-298, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Fore-shocks ; Aftershocks
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  • 15
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 94, no. B10, pp. 5637-5649, pp. 1006, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake asperities ; Earthquake barriers ; Fault zone ; JGR
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  • 16
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    In:  Pure and Applied Geophysics, Luxembourg, Deutsche Geophys. Gesellschaft, vol. 129, no. 24, pp. 27-40, pp. 8045, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Geol. aspects ; Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; Subduction zone ; Japan ; PAG
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  • 17
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    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Taipei, AGU, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 398-412, pp. L06307, 2 pp., (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: CRUST ; Tectonics ; Geol. aspects ; Plate tectonics ; Rheology ; Hypocentral depth ; Seismicity ; Rock mechanics ; GJRaS
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  • 18
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    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Luxembourg, EGS-Gauthier-Villars, vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 145, pp. 2214
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: paleo ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research
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  • 19
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    In:  Geophys. J. RAS, DGG and EGS, Luxembourg, EGS-Gauthier-Villars, vol. 96, no. 5, pp. 311-331, pp. 2214
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; paleo ; Seismicity
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  • 20
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    In:  Tectonophys., Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 167, no. B4, pp. 223-233, pp. B04401
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Earthquake hazard ; Statistical investigations ; Seismicity
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  • 21
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 199-224, pp. 1892
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Subduction zone ; Fault zone ; South ; America ; Earthquake
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  • 22
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    In:  Earthquake Spectra, Luxembourg, Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 735-765, pp. 2099, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Statistical investigations ; Seismicity ; Fault zone ; Earthquake hazard ; EQS
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  • 23
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., London, Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., vol. 94, no. B9, pp. 7496-7506, pp. B09401, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Fault zone ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; JGR
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  • 24
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Tokyo, Terra Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 94, no. 5, pp. 1622-1630, pp. B03312, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Geol. aspects ; Seismicity ; JGR
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  • 25
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Washington D.C., Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 15635-15637, pp. 2122
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Chaotic behaviour ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; JGR
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  • 26
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    In:  Pageoph, Warszawa, Elsevier, vol. 128, no. 1, pp. 407-421, pp. 2091, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Seismology ; Micro seismicity
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  • 27
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., New York, California Division of Mines San Francisco, vol. 16, no. 31, pp. 639-842, pp. L03601, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Subduction zone ; Seismicity ; GRL
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  • 28
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Dordrecht, 89, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 603-623, pp. TC5003, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Geol. aspects ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; JGR
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  • 29
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 99, no. 5, pp. 605-620, pp. L05608, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; seismic Moment ; Corner frequency ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; GJI
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  • 30
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Corvallis, x + 406 pp., Oregon State University Press, vol. 99, no. 8, pp. 761-788, pp. L13610, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Aftershocks ; Earthquake ; Tectonics ; Seismicity ; Fault zone ; GJI
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  • 31
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    Academy of Sciences
    In:  New York, Academy of Sciences, vol. 558, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 3-9808493-1-7)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismicity ; Earthquake hazard
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  • 32
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    Geol. Soc. Am.
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Active Strike-slip and Collisional Tectonics of the Northern Caribbean Plate Boundary Zone, Washington, D. C., Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 326, no. 4, pp. 63-123, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Tectonics ; paleo ; Seismicity ; Fault zone ; Pena
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  • 33
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    Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
    In:  Proceedings, 1., Prag, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, vol. 10, no. WS-693 7-83, pp. 235-239, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake risk ; Earthquake hazard ; Proceedings of a conference
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  • 34
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    In:  J. Phys. Earth, Kunming, China, 3-4, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 155-178, pp. B05301, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Aftershocks ; Seismicity ; JPE
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  • 35
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    Zentralinstitut für Physik der Erde
    In:  Potsdam, Zentralinstitut für Physik der Erde, vol. 70, pp. 158, (ISBN: 1-4020-0821-X)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Earthquake hazard ; Seismicity ; Project report/description
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  • 36
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    Ziti Publish. Co.
    In:  Thessaloniki, Ziti Publish. Co., vol. 15, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 585, (ISBN 0080424309)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Review article ; Earthquake catalog ; Seismicity
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  • 37
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    In:  J. Phys. Earth, Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 179-200, pp. 1489, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Statistical investigations ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; JPE
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  • 38
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    In:  Pageoph, Hannover, Dt. Geophys. Ges. e. V., vol. 128, no. 51, pp. 344-368, pp. L15S14, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismology ; Tectonics ; Seismicity ; Rock bursts (see also ERDSTOSS and GEBIRGSSCHLAG)
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  • 39
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    In:  Pageoph, Köln, Elsevier, vol. 128, no. 16, pp. 369-405, pp. 1015, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismicity ; Source ; Rock bursts (see also ERDSTOSS and GEBIRGSSCHLAG)
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  • 40
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    Dept. of Geophysics, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, 274 pp.
    In:  Wokingham, Dept. of Geophysics, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, 274 pp., vol. 26, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 329, (ISBN: 0-08-043649-8)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Earthquake catalog ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Seismicity ; Europe ; Middle ; East ; NAF ; Greece ; Turkey ; Aegean ; GFZ ; 15054, ; 000242798
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  • 41
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    Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
    In:  Proceedings, 2., Prag, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, vol. 10, no. WS-693 7-83, pp. 235-239, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake risk ; Earthquake hazard ; Proceedings of a conference
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  • 42
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    Dep. of Appl. Phys., Tokyo Inst. of Technology, Tokyo, Japan and Dep. of Geophys., Kandilli Observ., Bogaziçi Univ., Istanbul, Turkey
    In:  report of, Hannover, Dep. of Appl. Phys., Tokyo Inst. of Technology, Tokyo, Japan and Dep. of Geophys., Kandilli Observ., Bogaziçi Univ., Istanbul, Turkey, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 23, pp. 595-596, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: chemical (Rn, water(-level,...) ; Earthquake precursor: el. magn. ; Earthquake precursor: magnetic ; Geol. aspects ; Seismicity ; BIBTEX?
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  • 43
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Hannover, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 94, no. 8, pp. 7507-7514, pp. 1211, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; FractureT ; JGR
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  • 44
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    Alfred-Wegener-Institut
    In:  Diplomarbeit, Bremerhaven, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, vol. 10, no. No. 31, pp. 1431-1434, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Seismology ; Antarctica ; Seismic networks ; Wuster
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  • 45
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    Am. Geophys. Union
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Properties and Processes of Earth's Lower Crust, San Diego, Am. Geophys. Union, vol. 22, no. 16, pp. 215-232, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Geothermics ; Geoelectrics ; Muller
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  • 46
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-10
    Description: The low-g fluids management group with the Center for Space Construction is engaged in active research on the following topics: gauging; venting; controlling contamination; sloshing; transfer; acquisition; and two-phase flow. Our basic understanding of each of these topics at present is inadequate to design space structures optimally. A brief report is presented on each topic showing the present status, recent accomplishings by our group and our plans for future research. Reports are presented in graphic and outline form.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: First Annual Symposium. Volume 1: Plenary Session; 30 p
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted to determine critical parameters at the onset of nonlinear counterflow in He II below the lambda point of He-4. Critical temperature differences have been measured in porous media for zero net mass flow and for Darcy permeabilities in the order of magnitude range from 10 to the -10th to 10 to the -8th sq cm. The normalized critical temperature gradients, which covered the liquid temperature range of 1.5 K to the lambda temperature, are found to vary with T proportional to the ratio of the superfluid density to the normal fluid density. This liquid temperature dependence appears to be consistent with duct data which are limited at low temperature by a Reynolds number criterion.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Cryogenics (ISSN 0011-2275); 29; 498-502
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An analysis is made based upon the concept that the velocity fluctuations, and therefore, the Reynolds stresses, driven by the instability of the original flow grow until a new stable state is approached. The Reynolds stresses incorporated into the Orr-Sommerfeld equation are coupled with the main flow such that all the imaginary parts of the complex eigenvalues vanish, i.e., the original instability is eliminated. Using this stabilization principle, it is possible to find the Reynolds stresses as well as the mean velocity for plane Poiseuille flow with the Reynolds number slightly higher than the critical.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Mathematical and Computer Modelling (ISSN 0895-7177); 12; 8, 19
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The behavior of the reverse flow ceiling jet against the ventilation flow from 0.58 to 0.87 m/s was investigated in a 1/3 scale model of a wide body aircraft interior. For all tests, strong reverse-flow ceiling jets of hot gases were detected well upstream of the fire. Both thicknesses of the reverse-flow ceiling jet and the smoke layer increased with the fire-crossflow parameter. The thickness of the smoke layer where the smoke flows along the main flow below the reverse-flow ceiling jet was almost twice that of the reverse-flow ceiling jet. Detailed spatial and time-varying temperatures of the gas in the test section were measured, and velocity profiles were also measured using a temperature compensated hot film.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 50
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Certain theoretical studies of boundary-layer transition are described, based on high Reynolds numbers and with attention drawn to the various nonlinear interactions and scales present. The article concentrates in particular on theories for which the mean-flow profile is completely altered from its original state. Two- and three-dimensional flow theory and conjectures on turbulent-boundary-layer structures are included. Specific recent findings noted, and in qualitative agreement with experiments, are: nonlinear finite-time break-ups in unsteady interactive boundary layers; strong vortex/wave interactions; and prediction of turbulent boundary-layer displacement- and stress sublayer-thicknesses.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 27; 1332-134
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: This paper presents the application of a class of multi-grid methods to the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for two-dimensional laminar flow problems. The methods consists of combining the full approximation scheme-full multi-grid technique (FAS-FMG) with point-, line- or plane-relaxation routines for solving the Navier-Stokes equations in primitive variables. The performance of the multi-grid methods is compared to those of several single-grid methods. The results show that much faster convergence can be procured through the use of the multi-grid approach than through the various suggestions for improving single-grid methods. The importance of the choice of relaxation scheme for the multi-grid method is illustrated.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Proceedings, Part C - Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science (ISSN 0954-4062); 203; C4, 1; 255-265
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Rapid distortion theory is applied to study distortion of homogeneous turbulence subject to two different axisymmetric strain modes: the axisymmetric contraction (AC, nozzle-type flow), and the axisymmetric expansion (AE, diffuser-type flow). The paper explores the differences in effects of the two axisymmetric strain modes on the anisotropy of correlations and structures of turbulence; examines the effect of dilatation on the distortion of turbulence; and provides a theoretical background for turbulence model development. It is found that velocity and vorticity fluctuations are enhanced more efficiently by contraction than by expansion; contraction produces much higher anisotropy in velocity and vorticity than expansion; root-mean-square pressure is slightly reduced during contraction, whereas it increases rapidly during expansion; and vortical structures of rodlike shape develop in a contraction flow, while disklike structures develop in an expansion flow. A simple model that reflects the dependence of turbulence evolution on structural parameters such as the Reynolds-stress anisotropy and total strain is proposed, and is shown to outperform all other models for all cases examined, regardless of the mean strain rate.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Physics of Fluids A (ISSN 0899-8213); 1; 1541-155
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 26; 887
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  • 55
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 27; 1068-107
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Numerical studies of turbulent flow in an axisymmetric 45-deg-expansion combustor and bifurcated diffuser are presented. The Navier-Stokes equations incorporating a k-epsilon model were solved in a nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. A zonal-grid method, where the flow field was divided into several subsections, was developed. This approach permitted different computational schemes to be used in the various zones. In addition, grid generation was made a more simple task. Boundary overlap and interpolating techniques were used, and an adjustment of the flow variables was required to assure conservation of mass flux. Three finite-differencing methods (hybrid, quadratic upwind, and skew upwind) were used to represent the convection terms. Results were compared with existing experimental data. In general, good agreement between predicted and measured values was obtained.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids (ISSN 0271-2091); 9; 167-183
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A numerical procedure in which the Navier-Stokes equations are discretized using tightly coupled discretizations of pressure derivatives and continuity equations is used here to extend the range of known terminal velocities of gaseous bubbles in liquids well beyond that in previous investigations. Computations performed for Reynolds numbers up to 2000 and Marangoni numbers up to 1000 show only a modest variation of the scaled bubble velocity between 0.16 and 0.5. The bubble velocity is influenced more by the Marangoni number than by the Reynolds number.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications (ISSN 1040-7782); 16; 2, Se
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A numerical analysis is performed on thermocapillary buoyancy convection induced by phase change in a liquid droplet. A finite-difference code is developed using an alternating-direction implicit (ADI) scheme. The intercoupling relation between thermocapillary force, buoyancy force, fluid property, heat transfer, and phase change, along with their effects on the induced flow patterns, are disclosed. The flow is classified into three types: thermocapillary, buoyancy, and combined convection. Among the three mechanisms, the combined convection simulates the experimental observations quite well, and the basic mechanism of the observed convection inside evaporating sessile drops is thus identified. It is disclosed that evaporation initiates unstable convection, while condensation always brings about a stable density distribution which eventually damps out all fluid disturbances. Another numerical model is presented to study the effect of boundary recession due to evaporation, and the 'peeling-off' effect (the removal of the surface layer of fluid by evaporation) is shown to be relevant.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications (ISSN 1040-7782); 16; 2, Se
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Two-dimensional solidification influenced by anisotropic heat conduction has been considered. The interfacial energy balance was derived to account for the heat transfer in one direction (x or y) depending on the temperature gradient in both the x and y directions. A parametric study was made to determine the effects of the Stefan number, aspect ratio, initial superheat, and thermal conductivity ratios on the solidification rate. Because of the imposed boundary conditions, the interface became skewed and sometimes was not a straight line between the interface position at the upper and lower adiabatic walls (spatially nonlinear along the height). This skewness depends on the thermal conductivity ratio k(yy)/k(yx). The nonlinearity of the interface is influenced by the solidification rate, aspect ratio, and k(yy/k(yx).
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications (ISSN 1040-7782); 15; 2, 19; 181-195
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A multiple-time-scale turbulence model of a single point closure and a simplified split-spectrum method is presented. In the model, the effect of the ratio of the production rate to the dissipation rate on eddy viscosity is modeled by use of the multiple-time-scales and a variable partitioning of the turbulent kinetic energy spectrum. The concept of a variable partitioning of the turbulent kinetic energy spectrum and the rest of the model details are based on the previously reported algebraic stress turbulence model. Example problems considered include: a fully developed channel flow, a plane jet exhausting into a moving stream, a wall jet flow, and a weakly coupled wake-boundary layer interaction flow. The computational results compared favorably with those obtained by using the algebraic stress turbulence model as well as experimental data. The present turbulence model, as well as the algebraic stress turbulence model, yielded significantly improved computational results for the complex turbulent boundary layer flows, such as the wall jet flow and the wake boundary layer interaction flow, compared with available computational results obtained by using the standard kappa-epsilon turbulence model.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals (ISSN 1040-7790); 16; 2, 19; 193-211
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The emission from a gray radiating medium is analyzed for transient cooling in surroundings at a low temperature. The medium is rectangular with no variations in the direction normal to the cross section. The integral equation for the transient temperature distribution is solved numerically using a two-dimensional Gaussian integration subroutine. The emissive ability for a rectangle at uniform temperature is compared with that for transient cooling where the temperature distribution of the region has reached a fully developed shape, as shown by a separation of variables solution. The two solutions provide the upper and lower bounds for the emittance of a rectangle during transient cooling. The emittances for various aspect ratios are presented as a function of the mean length of the rectangle and are compared with results for a plane layer and a cylinder.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (ISSN 0017-9310); 32; 1955-196
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  • 62
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Calculations for n-decane drops evaporating in a spherical cluster surrounded by unvitiated ambient air at atmospheric pressure were performed using two previously proposed cluster models. Both cluster models predict that turbulent transport effects are more important in the case of small clusters. This is due to the smaller volume to surface ratio and thus to the greater transport of hot unvitiated gas to the drops in order to promote evaporation. The results obtained are compared with those of two turbulent models for each one of the 'trapping factors' and similarity models.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (ISSN 0017-9310); 32; 2000-200
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The effects of critical layer nonlinearity are considered on spatially growing oblique instability waves on nominally two-dimensional shear layers between parallel streams. The analysis shows that three-dimensional effects cause nonlinearity to occur at much smaller amplitudes than it does in two-dimensional flows. The nonlinear instability wave amplitude is determined by an integro-differential equation with cubic type nonlinearity. The numerical solutions to this equation are worked out and discussed in some detail. The numerical solutions always end in a singularity at a finite downstream distance.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (ISSN 0022-1120); 207; 97-120
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The effects of critical-layer nonlinearity on spatially growing oblique instability waves on compressible shear layers between two parallel streams are considered. The analysis shows that mean temperature nonuniformities cause nonlinearity to occur at much smaller amplitudes than it does when the flow is isothermal. The nonlinear instability wave growth rate effects are described by an integrodifferential equation which bears some resemblance to the Landau equation, in that it involves a cubic-type nonlinearity. The numerical solutions to this equation are worked out and discussed in some detail. Inviscid solutions always end in a singularity at a finite downstream distance, but viscosity can eliminate this singularity for certain parameter ranges.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (ISSN 0022-1120); 207; 73-96
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A simulation is performed of a passive scalar field convected by a rapidly fluctuating velocity field whose correlation time approaches zero. By using a code proposed in a previous study (Chasnov et al., 1988), the turbulence spectrum of the passive temperature field in the conductive subrange is determined. A theoretical model is proposed which explains the result obtained by representing the transfer of scalar variance by an eddy conductivity, whose correlation time is limited by the correlation time of the velocity field.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Physics of Fluids A (ISSN 0899-8213); 1; 1698-170
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 27; 1557-156
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  • 67
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Long's self-similar vortex is known to have two solutions for each supercritical value of the flow force. Each of those solutions is shown to have a double structure if the flow force is large. The inertial instabilities of one of those large-flow-force limit solutions are investigated, showing that they are related to the instabilities of the Bickley jet in one regime. However, the swirl in the vortex becomes important for long waves, very strongly modifying the sinuous and varicose, Bickley modes. The asymptotic results obtained agree well with the numerical solutions for the sinuous mode, but not for the varicose mode, the difficulty in the latter case being apparently due to mode jumping.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (ISSN 0022-1120); 206; 405-432
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Numerical techniques are developed to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for unsteady incompressible flow. The extension of the finite-difference Galerkin (FDG) method of Stephens et al. (1984) to the continuous-time case in two or three space dimensions is explained, and the numerical implementation of the method is discussed with particular attention to the staggered-MAC-grid primitive-variable discretization, the application of discrete mass balance to avoid problems inherent in FDG schemes, the direct interpretation of the FDG expansion variables as a discrete streamfunction, and a mass-balance approach to two-dimensional problems with throughflow or obstacles. Numerical results are presented graphically for the evolution of asymptotic steady flow in a driven cavity at Reynolds number 400, 1000, or 3200; good agreement with published experimental data is demonstrated, with accurate predictions of secondary-vortex formation from wall bubble recirculations at Reynolds number 1000.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Computational Physics (ISSN 0021-9991); 84; 207-241
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Flow-field measurements of unsteady turbulent flow downstream of a rotating spoked-wheel wake generator were performed in a short-duration light-piston tunnel, and the instantaneous-velocity data were phase averaged based on a signal synchronized with the bar-passing frequency. Mean axial velocities were found to agree well with those obtained from measurements behind a stationary cylinder and to be independent of both Reynolds and bar-passing Strouhal numbers. Reynolds stresses were found to be consistent with related cylinder-wake measurements, but were significantly higher than corresponding measurements obtained in large-scale research turbomachines. Phase-averaged triple velocity correlations were calculated from the digital velocity records, revealing the sign and the magnitude of skewness in the velocity probability density distributions for the two components.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: ASME, Transactions, Journal of Turbomachinery (ISSN 0889-504X); 111; 475-482
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  • 70
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The bifurcation diagram corresponding to the Eckhaus stability curve has been constructed for the one-dimensional Swift-Hohenberg equation in a finite domain. Finite-amplitude solutions with particular spatial wavelength recover linear stability, as predicted by the Eckhaus curve, after a sequence of secondary bifurcations from the branch of solutions with this wavelength. No connectivity between the primary-solution branches is admissible if the stability predicted by this bifurcation diagram is to correspond to the prediction of the Eckhaus analysis. The Eckhaus curve does not exist if nonlinear couplings destroy this pattern. This is demonstrated by analysis of a coupled pair of Swift-Hohenberg equations.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Physical Review Letters (ISSN 0031-9007); 63; 2048-205
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The effects of asymmetry in furnace temperature profile and pulling velocity on the crystal interface shape are demonstrated while neglecting the latent heat of solidification. It is seen that the furnace temperature profile may be varied in order to influence the shape of the melt-crystal interface. An exact thermal analysis is then performed on the Bridgman technique by including the latent heat of solidification as a source term. The exact temperature field required for yielding a flat melt-crystal interface is obtained. The earlier observation regarding the influence of furnace temperature profile on the interface shape is confirmed and a criterion for achieving a flat interface is obtained. Various furnace temperature profiles are selected and their corresponding melt-crystal interface results are presented.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (ISSN 0017-9310); 32; 1741-175
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Transient cooling by radiation is analyzed for a cylindrical region filled with axially flowing streams of drops that are becoming solidified. This is of interest for the dissipation of waste heat from orbiting power system in space. The drops absorb, emit, and scatter radiation, and the surroundings are at a lower uniform temperature. The radiative properties are assumed gray, and the scattering is isotropic. The radiating region is a two-phase mixture that remains at the melting temperature of the drops. Its temperature uniformity maintains a high emissive power as energy is lost. This is an advantage over a sensible heat radiator in which the temperature decreases, thereby reducing the emissive power. The results provide the axial length that remains two-phase and the fraction of energy dissipated within this length in which the emissive power has not decreased because of sensible cooling. It is also shown how the radial distribution of the axial velocity of the drops can be modified to increase this energy fraction.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer (ISSN 0887-8722); 3; 340-344
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  • 73
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer (ISSN 0887-8722); 3; 233-244
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A number of successful applications of a spectral collocation method extended by a multi-domain patching technique are shown. The multi-domain technique can be used to improve resolution for problems with widely disparate scales, and to reduce the ill-conditioning of the spectral operators for problems in which a large number of points are required for distributed resolution. A new nonreflecting outflow boundary treatment for unsteady transition-to-turbulence simulations is also presented, which relies on the multi-domain technique. The role of multi-domain in improving the efficiency of such calculations is discussed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Applied Numerical Mathematics (ISSN 0168-9274); 6; 123-139
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Spectral element methods are high-order weighted residual techniques based on spectral expansions of variables and geometry for the Navier-Stokes (NS) and transport equations. Here, practical aspects of these methods and their efficient implementation are examined, and several examples of flows in truly complex geometries are presented. The spectral element discretization for NS equations is introduced, and the convergence of the method is addressed. An efficient data management scheme is discussed in the context of parallel processing computations. The method is validated by comparing the spectral element solutions with the exact eigensolutions for the Orr-Sommerfeld equations in two and three dimensions. Computer-aided flow visualizations are presented for an impulsive flow past a sharp edge wedge. Three-dimensional states of channel flow disrupted by an array of cylindrical eddy promoters are studied, and the results of a direct simulation of the turbulent flow in a plane channel are presented.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Applied Numerical Mathematics (ISSN 0168-9274); 6; 85-105
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 27; 1707-171
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A description of the Axial Flow Turbine Research Facility (AFTRF) being built at the Turbomachinery Laboratory of the Pennsylvania State University is presented. The purpose of the research to be performed in this facility is to obtain a better understanding of the rotor/stator interaction, three dimensional viscous flow field in nozzle and rotor blade passages, spanwise mixing and losses in these blade rows, transport of wake through rotor passage, and unsteady aerodynamics and heat transfer of rotor blade row. The experimental results will directly feed and support the analytical and the computational tool development. This large scale low speed facility is heavily instrumented with pressure and temperature probes and has provision for flow visualization and laser Doppler anemometer measurement. The facility design permits extensive use of the high frequency response instrumentation on the stationary vanes and more importantly on the rotating blades. Furthermore it facilitates detailed nozzle wake, rotor wake, and boundary layer surveys. The large size of the rig also has the advantage of operating at Reynolds numbers representative of the engine environment.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center, Structural Integrity and Durability of Reusable Space Propulsion Systems; p 223-236
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A quasi-three-dimensional analysis has been developed for unsteady rotor-stator interaction in turbomachinery. The analysis solves the unsteady Euler or thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations in a body-fitted coordinate system. It accounts for the effects of rotation, radius change, and stress-surface thickness. The Baldwin-Lomax eddy-viscosity model is used for turbulent flows. The equations are integrated in time using an explicit four-stage Runge-Kutta scheme with a constant time step. Implicit residual smoothing is used to increase the stability limit of the time-accurate computations. The scheme is described, and stability and accuracy analyses are given.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Structural Integrity and Durability of Reusable Space Propulsion Systems; p 237-246
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A 3-D model was developed for simulating multistage turbomachinery flows using supercomputers. This average passage flow model described the time averaged flow field within a typical passage of a bladed wheel within a multistage configuration. To date, a number of inviscid simulations were executed to assess the resolution capabilities of the model. Recently, the viscous terms associated with the average passage model were incorporated into the inviscid computer code along with an algebraic turbulence model. A simulation of a stage-and-one-half, low speed turbine was executed. The results of this simulation, including a comparison with experimental data, is discussed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Structural Integrity and Durability of Reusable Space Propulsion Systems; p 247-251
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A multiphase turbulence closure model is presented which employs one transport equation, namely the turbulence kinetic energy equation. The proposed form of this equation is different from the earlier formulations in some aspects. The power spectrum of the carrier fluid is divided into two regions, which interact in different ways and at different rates with the suspended particles as a function of the particle-eddy size ratio and density ratio. The length scale is described algebraically. A mass/time averaging procedure for the momentum and kinetic energy equations is adopted. The resulting turbulence correlations are modeled under less retrictive assumptions comparative to previous work. The closures for the momentum and kinetic energy equations are given. Comparisons of the predictions with experimental results on liquid-solid jet and gas-solid pipe flow show satisfactory agreement.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Constitutive Relationships and Models in Continuum Theories of Multiphase Flows; p 147-162
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  • 81
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Generally, two types of theory are used to describe the field equations for suspensions. The so-called postulated equations are based on the kinetic theory of mixtures, which logically should give reasonable equations for solutions. The basis for the use of such theory for suspensions is tenuous, though it at least gives a logical path for mathematical arguments. It has the disadvantage that it leads to a system of equations which is underdetermined, in a sense that can be made precise. On the other hand, the so-called averaging theory starts with a determined system, but the very process of averaging renders the resulting system underdetermined. A third type of theory is proposed in which the kinetic theory of gases is used to motivate continuum equations for the suspended particles. This entails an interpretation of the stress in the particles that is different from the usual one. Classical theory is used to describe the motion of the suspending medium. The result is a determined system for a dilute suspension. Extension of the theory to more concentrated systems is discussed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Constitutive Relationships and Models in Continuum Theories of Multiphase Flows; p 57-64
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The vaporization of a droplet, interacting with its neighbors in a non-dilute spray environment is examined as well as a vaporization scaling law established on the basis of a recently developed theory of renormalized droplet. The interacting droplet consists of a centrally located droplet and its vapor bubble which is surrounded by a cloud of droplets. The distribution of the droplets and the size of the cloud are characterized by a pair-distribution function. The vaporization of a droplet is retarded by the collective thermal quenching, the vapor concentration accumulated in the outer sphere, and by the limited percolative passages for mass, momentum and energy fluxes. The retardation is scaled by the local collective interaction parameters (group combustion number of renormalized droplet, droplet spacing, renormalization number and local ambient conditions). The numerical results of a selected case study reveal that the vaporization correction factor falls from unity monotonically as the group combustion number increases, and saturation is likely to occur when the group combustion number reaches 35 to 40 with interdroplet spacing of 7.5 diameters and an environment temperature of 500 K. The scaling law suggests that dense sprays can be classified into: (1) a diffusively dense cloud characterized by uniform thermal quenching in the cloud; (2) a stratified dense cloud characterized by a radial stratification in temperature by the differential thermal quenching of the cloud; or (3) a sharply dense cloud marked by fine structure in the quasi-droplet cloud and the corresponding variation in the correction factor due to the variation in the topological structure of the cloud characterized by a pair-distribution function of quasi-droplets.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Constitutive Relationships and Models in Continuum Theories of Multiphase Flows; p 65-101
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The capability of accurate nonlinear flow analysis of resonance systems is essential in many problems, including combustion instability. Classical numerical schemes are either too diffusive or too dispersive especially for transient problems. In the last few years, significant progress has been made in the numerical methods for flows with shocks. The objective was to assess advanced shock capturing schemes on transient flows. Several numerical schemes were tested including TVD, MUSCL, ENO, FCT, and Riemann Solver Godunov type schemes. A systematic assessment was performed on scalar transport, Burgers' and gas dynamic problems. Several shock capturing schemes are compared on fast transient resonant pipe flow problems. A system of 1-D nonlinear hyperbolic gas dynamics equations is solved to predict propagation of finite amplitude waves, the wave steepening, formation, propagation, and reflection of shocks for several hundred wave cycles. It is shown that high accuracy schemes can be used for direct, exact nonlinear analysis of combustion instability problems, preserving high harmonic energy content for long periods of time.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: JHU, The 26th JANNAF Combustion Meeting, Volume 2; p 233-242
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: An explicit multistage Runge-Kutta type of time-stepping scheme is used for solving transonic flow past a transport type wing/fuselage configuration. Solutions for both Euler and Navier-Stokes equations are obtained for quantitative assessment of boundary layer interaction effects. The viscous solutions are obtained on both a medium resolution grid of approximately 270,000 points and a find grid of 460,000 points to assess the effects of grid density on the solution. Computed pressure distributions are compared with the experimental data.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Transonic Symposium: Theory, Application, and Experiment, Volume 1, Part 2; p 571-579
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Some considerations toward developing numerical procedures for simulating viscous compressible flows are discussed. Both Navier-Stokes and boundary layer field methods are considered. Because efficient viscous-inviscid interaction methods have been difficult to extend to complex 3-D flow simulations, Navier-Stokes procedures are more frequently being utilized even though they require considerably more work per grid point. It would seem a mistake, however, not to make use of the more efficient approximate methods in those regions in which they are clearly valid. Ideally, a general purpose compressible flow solver that can optionally take advantage of approximate solution methods would suffice, both to improve accuracy and efficiency. Some potentially useful steps toward this goal are described: a generalized 3-D boundary layer formulation and the fortified Navier-Stokes procedure.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA, Langley Research Center, Transonic Symposium: Theory, Application, and Experiment, Volume 1, Part 2; p 547-570
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The construction and development of the multi-component traversing system and associated control hardware and software are presented. A hydrogen bubble/laser sheet flow visualization technique was developed to visually study the characteristics of the mixing layers. With this technique large-scale rollers arising from the Taylor-Gortler instability and its interaction with the primary Kelvin-Helmholtz structures can be studied.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Annual Research Briefs, 1988; p 147-152
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The sizes and arrangement of the wind tunnel used for the experimentation are described. The specifications for the cold-wire anemometers, hot-wire anemometers, cold-wire rakes, and miniature 3-wire probe are proveded. The results of the experiment are briefly discussed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Annual Research Briefs, 1988; p 127-146
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A very low Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer subject to an adverse pressure gradient is studied. The aim is to obtain highly accurate mean-flow and turbulence measurements under conditions that can be closely related to the numerical simulations of Philippe Spalart for the purposes of CFD validation. Much of the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel was completely rebuilt with a new wider contraction and working section which will improve compatibility with the simulations. A unique sophisticated high-speed computer controlled 3-D probe traversing mechanism was integrated into the test section. Construction of the tunnel and traverse is discussed in some detail. The hardware is now complete, and measurements are in progress. The mean-flow data indicate that a suitably two-dimensional base flow was established. Automation of the probe positioning and data acquistion have led to a decreased running time for total pressure measurements. However, the most significant benefits are expected to occur when using hot-wire probes. Calibrations can be performed automatically and there is no need to handle fragile probes when moving between measuring stations. Techniques are being developed which require sampling of the signals from moving hot-wire probes on the basis of their position in the flow. Measurements can be made in high intensity turbulence by flying probes upstream at high speed so that the relative magnitude of the turbulent velocity fluctuations are reduced. In regions, where the turbulence intensity is not too large, the probe can also be repetitively scanned across very dense spatial grids in other directions. With this technique, a complete profile can be measured in about 1/3 the time and with a spatial density about 50 times that obtainable using a stationary probe.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Annual Research Briefs, 1988; p 153-166
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Thermal convection was proposed as a possible mechanism for generation and maintenance of turbulence in the inner accretion disk regime of the primordial solar nebula. It is of fundamental interest to design experiments with the basic physical features of the solar nebula conditions cannot be produced in the laboratory, numerical simulations of hydrodynamic flows, which have been very successful in describing aerodynamic flows, can be suitable modified to provide experimental data for solar nebula modelling. The goals are to modify an extant, proven hydrodynamics code with the most important features of the solar nebula and other thin accretion disks: bouyancy terms to generate convection, internal heating representing the release of gravitational potential energy, a variable gravity linearly proportional the the distance from the vertical midplane due to centrifugal balance, rapid rotation with axis aligned with gravity, and Keplerian rotational shear; to determine the effect that these features have on the turbulent convection by introducing them individually and to determine the cumulative nature of the turbulent convection for accretion disk conditions; and to model the convection and the turbulence. In this manner, prior solar nebula models can be tested and their deficiencies rectified.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Annual Research Briefs, 1988; p 121-125
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  • 90
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: It is likely that turbulence played a major role in the evolution of the solar nebula, which is the flattened disk of dust and gas out of which our solar system formed. Relevant turbulent processes include the transport of angular momentum, mass, and heat, which were critically important to the formation of the solar system. This research will break ground in the modeling of compressible turbulence and its effects on the evolution of the solar nebula. The computational techniques which were developed should be of interest to researchers studying other astrophysical disk systems (e.g., active galactic nuclei), as well as turbulence modelers outside the astrophysics community.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Annual Research Briefs, 1988; p 107-114
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A research program for direct numerical simulations of compressible reacting flows is described. Two main research subjects are proposed: the effect of pressure waves on turbulent combustion and the use of direct simulation methods to validate flamelet models for turbulent combustion. The interest of a compressible code to study turbulent combustion is emphasized through examples of reacting shear layer and combustion instabilities studies. The choice of experimental data to compare with direct simulation results is discussed. A tentative program is given and the computation cases to use are described as well as the code validation runs.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Annual Research Briefs, 1988; p 99-106
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  • 92
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Outline of the research program and a recent progress in the studies of sheared turbulence are described. The research program reported is directed at two goals: (1) understanding of fundamental physics of organized structures in turbulent shear flows; and (2) development of phenomenological models of turbulence based on physical arguments. Three projects that were carried out are: (1) structure of sheared turbulence near a plane boundary; (2) distortion of turbulence by axisymmetric strain and dilation; and (3) study of energy transfer in turbulent shear flow.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Annual Research Briefs, 1988; p 63-78
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  • 93
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Vortex interactions and their role in turbulent flow are examined. The objectives are twofold. First, to use the existing axisymmetric code to study the annihilation process of colliding vortex rings and determine the relevance of this problem to similar 3-D phenomena. The second objective is to extend the code to three dimensions. The code under development is unique in that it can compute flows in a truly infinite domain (i.e., without periodic boundary conditions or approximations from truncating the domain). Because of this, the far field sound can be computed, and therefore, contribute to improved models of turbulence generated noise for this class of flows. Issues which can be addressed by the code include: effects of viscosity on mode selection in azimuthal breakdown of vortex rings (i.e., the Widnall instability); reconnection, the associated production of small scales, and the time scale of the process.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Annual Research Briefs, 1988; p 51-54
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  • 94
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The motivation for studying close vortex interactions is briefly discussed in the light of turbulence and coherent structures. Particular attention is given to the interaction known as reconnection. Two reconnection mechanisms are discussed. One is annihilation of vorticity by cross-diffusion, the other is an inviscid head-tail formation. At intermediate Reynolds numbers both mechanisms are operating.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Annual Research Briefs, 1988; p 39-50
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The objective of the present research was to extend the Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) approach to particle-laden turbulent flows using a simple model of particle/flow interaction. The program addressed the simplest type of flow, homogeneous, isotropic turbulence, and examined interactions between the particles and gas phase turbulence. The specific range of problems examined include those in which the particle is much smaller than the smallest length scales of the turbulence yet heavy enough to slip relative to the flow. The particle mass loading is large enough to have a significant impact on the turbulence, while the volume loading was small enough such that particle-particle interactions could be neglected. Therefore, these simulations are relevant to practical problems involving small, dense particles conveyed by turbulent gas flows at moderate loadings. A sample of the results illustrating modifications of the particle concentration field caused by the turbulence structure is presented and attenuation of turbulence by the particle cloud is also illustrated.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Annual Research Briefs, 1988; p 55-61
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  • 96
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Direct numerical simulations are being performed on two different fluid flows in an attempt to discover the mechanism underlying the transition to turbulence in each. The first system is Taylor-Couette flow; the second, two-dimensional flow over an airfoil. Both flows exhibit a gradual transition to high-dimensional turbulence through low-dimensional chaos. The hope is that the instabilities leading to chaos will be easier to relate to physical processes in this case, and that the understanding of these mechanisms can then be applied to a wider array of turbulent systems.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Annual Research Briefs, 1988; p 35-37
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Cocke (1969) proved that in incompressible, isotropic turbulence the average material line (material surface) elements increase in comparison with their initial values. Good estimates of how much they increase in terms of the eigenvalues of the Green deformation tensor were rigorously obtained.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Annual Research Briefs, 1988; p 19-27
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  • 98
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The objective is to understand and extend a recent theory of turbulence based on dynamic renormalization group (RNG) techniques. The application of RNG methods to hydrodynamic turbulence was explored most extensively by Yakhot and Orszag (1986). An eddy viscosity was calculated which was consistent with the Kolmogorov inertial range by systematic elimination of the small scales in the flow. Further, assumed smallness of the nonlinear terms in the redefined equations for the large scales results in predictions for important flow constants such as the Kolmogorov constant. It is emphasized that no adjustable parameters are needed. The parameterization of the small scales in a self-consistent manner has important implications for sub-grid modeling.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Annual Research Briefs, 1988; p 29-33
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Use of the Smagorinsky eddy-viscosity formulation and related schemes for subgrid-scale parameterization of large eddy simulation models requires specification of a single length scale, earlier related by Lilly to the scale of filtering and/or numerical resolution. An anisotropic integration of the Kolmogoroff enstrophy spectrum allows generalization of that relationship to anisotropic resolution. It is found that the Deardorff assumption is reasonably accurate for small anisotropies and can be simply improved for larger values.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Annual Research Briefs, 1988; p 3-9
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  • 100
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: In recent years codes that use the Navier-Stokes equations to compute aerodynamic flows have evolved from computing two-dimensional flows around simple airfoils to computing flows around full scale aircraft configurations. Most flows of engineering interest are turbulent and turbulence models are needed for their prediction. Yet, it is known that present turbulence models are adequate only for simple flows and do poorly in complicated flows such as three-dimensional separation, or large-scale unsteadiness. The same progress that allowed the development of these aerodynamic codes, namely the introduction of supercomputers, has allowed us to compute directly turbulent flows, albeit only for simple flows at moderate Reynolds numbers. These direct turbulence simulations provide us with detailed data that experimentalists were not able to measure. This work is motivated by the fact that data exists for developing better turbulence models and by the need for better models to compute flows of engineering interest. The objective is to develop turbulence models for engineering applications. The model categories that show promise for immediate use are on the two-equation level and the Reynolds-stress level.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Annual Research Briefs, 1988; p 11-17
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