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  • General Chemistry  (9,825)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (7,768)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (7,481)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (6,185)
  • ddc:330
  • 1985-1989  (17,017)
  • 1970-1974  (8,057)
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Year
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140401
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rise of internal Ca2+ accompanies the initiation of trout sperm motility (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 424-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Quin-/ ; spermatozoa ; desmethoxyverapamil ; fluorescence ; K+ ; flagellar beating ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The initiation of motility of trout spermatozoa is inhibited by the presence of millimolar concentrations of external K+, but external Ca2+ might also be implicated in this control as it has been shown to antagonize the K+ inhibition of motility [S.M. Baynes et al.: J. Fish. Biol., 19:259-267, 1981]. The present work aimed to investigate internal Ca2+ levels during the motility phase of trout spermatozoa. Internal Ca2+ concentrations were monitored by the fluorescent quinoline Ca2+-indicator, “Quin-2” [R. Y. Tsien: Nature 290:527-529, 1981]. Trout spermatozoa were loaded with Quin-/ under conditions that gave efficient intracellular hydrolysis of Quin-2 and that did not impair the ability of loaded spermatozoa to initiate movement. The beat frequencies, cell velocities, and flagellar asymmetries of sperm movement were not significantly modified by the presence of the internal dye. Upon initiation of flagellar movement, an increase of the internal Quin-2 fluorescence was observed that reflected a sixfold increase of the free Ca2+ concentration. The free Ca2+ remained elevated after the cessation of movement. The variation of fluorescence was completed within 40 seconds, whereas the initiation of motility was nearly instantaneous, and the total duration of flageliar beating lasted for about 80-100 seconds (measurements at 11°C). The increase in the internal free Ca2+ concentration is completed after the initiation of flagellar beating but its occurrence correlates with that of sperm movement. Fluorescence increase was not observed in the presence of 40 mM K+, a condition in which spermatozoa did not initiate flagellar beating. In the presence of the Ca2+ channel blocker desmethoxyverapamil, neither sperm motility nor fluorescence increases were observed, which suggested that the increase of internal free Ca2+ was produced by a flux of external Ca2+ into the cell rather than by a mobilization of internal Ca2+ stores.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140312
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of the alpha and beta dynein genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 435-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: flagella ; dynein heavy chains ; flagellar ATPase ; sequence homology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We previously cloned portions of the alpha and beta dynein heavy chain genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by screening a genomic expression library with monoclonal antibodies (Williams et al.: Journal of Cell Biology 103:1-11, 1986). Here we provide further evidence of the identity of these clones and describe the selection of adjacent regions from a large insert genomic library. Southern blots indicate that only a single copy of each gene is present in the Chlamydomonas genome, while Northern blots show that both heavy chains are encoded by 13.5 kilobase mRNAs and that the corresponding transcription units each span approximately 20 kilobase-pairs of genomic DNA. No similarities were detected between restriction maps of the alpha and beta dynein genes, but extensive regions of sequence similarity were identified by the cross-hybridization of cloned gene fragments.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140313
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory for epithelial-mesenchymal transformation based on the “fixed cortex” cell motility model (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 455-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140403
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell migration into neural tube lumen provides evidence for the “fixed cortex” theory of cell motility (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 469-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: “fixed cortex” model ; neural crest ; mesenchyme ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We present a model of cell motility based on emigration of neural crest cells into the neural tube lumen under in vitro conditions (10% fetal calf serum or YIGSR) that inhibit their normal emigration from the base of the neuroepithelium into surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Ultrastructural observations reveal that cells lining the lumen are joined by zonulae adherentes (ZA), which are points of strong intercellular attachment, and thereby serve as markers for fixed regions of plasmalemma and cortical actin. Three major observations of the relationship of cells to the ZA support the “fixed cortex” model of mesenchymal cell migration. First, cells extend apical cel processes past the ZA into the lumen. To do this, they must make new apical plasmalemma and actin corrtex that the endoplasm slides into. Second, elongated cells are observed in the lumen that are still attached via ZA to the neuroepithelium. This indicates that all of the endoplasm finally slides past the ZA. Third, numerous cytoplasmic pieces, often attached to each other and to the neuroepithelium via ZA, are found at the site where cells appear to have detached from the epithelium after entering the lumen. Since the ZA is fixed in location, the endoplasm must have slid past it into newly manufactured anterior cortex and plasmalemma, with the trailing end of the cell finally snapping off. The “fixed cortex” theory of cell migration agrees with existing data in that it predicts the polarized insertion of new plasmalemma and actin at the leading end of the cell, but it differs significantly from existing theories of mesenchymal cell migration in that it states that the cell surface remains firmly attached to the substratum while the myosin-rich endoplasm slides past it.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140405
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
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    Rapid growth cone translocation on laminin is supported by lamellipodial not filopodial structures (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 288-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: lamellipodia ; motility ; neurite regeneration ; f-actin, filopodia ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: To determine the relationship between growth cone structure and motility, we compared the neurite extension rate, the form of individual growth cones, and the organization of f-actin in embryonic (E21) and postnatal (P30) sympathetic neurons in culture. Neurites extended faster on laminin than on collagen, but the P30 neurites were less than half as long as E21 neurites on both substrata. Growth cone shape was classified into one of five categories, ranging from fully lamellipodial to blunt endings. The leading margins of lamellipodia advanced smoothly across the substratum ahead of any filopodial activity and contained meshworks of actin filaments with no linear f-actin bundles, indicating that filopodia need not undirlie lamellipodia. Rapid translocation (averaging 0.9-1.4 μm/min) was correlated with the presence of lamellipodia; translocation associated with filopodia averaged only 0.3-0.5 μm/min. This relationship extended to growth cones on a branched neurite where the translocation of each growth cone was dependent on its shape. Growth cones with both filopodial and lamellipodial components moved at intermediate rates. The prevalence of lamellipodial growth cones depended on age of the neurites; early in culture, 70% of E21 growth cones were primarily lamellipodial compared to 38% of P30 growth cones. A high percentage of E21 lamellipodial growth cones were associated with rapid neurite elongation (1.2 mm/day), whereas a week later, only 16% were lamellipodial, and neurites extended at 0.5 mm/day. Age-related differences in neurite extension thus reflected the proportion of lamellipodial growth cones present rather than disparties in basic structure or in the rates at which growth cones of a given type moved at different ages. Filopodia and lamellipodia are each sufficient to advance the neurite margin; however, rapid extension of superior cervical ganglion neurites was supported by lamellipodia independent of filopodial activity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130407
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140101
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
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    Preface (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140102
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
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    Dynamics of the endoplasmic reticulum in living non-muscle and muscle cells (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 301-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: sarcoplasmic reticulum ; mitochondira ; mitotic spindle ; cytoskeleton ; cytokinesis ; fluorescent membrane dyes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The dynamic changes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in interphase and mitotic cells was detected by the vital fluorescent dye 3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide. Two types of arrays characterize the continuous ER system in the non-muscle PtK2 cell: (1) a lacy network of irregular polygons and (2) long strands of ER that are found aligned along stress fibers. In cross-striated myotubes there was a periodic localization of fluorescence over each I-band corresponding to the positions of the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In contrast to the arrangement in muscle cells, the aligment of the long strands of ER along stress fibers showed no strict periodicity that could be correlated with the sarcomeric units of the stress fibers. The ER and SR arrays seen in living cells were also detected in fixed cells stained with antibodies directed against proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum and sarcoplasmic reticulum, respectively. Observations of vitally stained PtK2 cells at 1 to 2 minute intervals using low light level video cameras and image processing techniques enabled us to see the polygonal ER units form and undergo changes in their shapes. During cell division, the ER, rhodamine 123-stained mitochondria, and phagocytosed fluorescent beads were excluded from the mitotic spindle while soluble proteins were not. No obvious concentration or alignment of membranes could be found associated with the contractile proteins in the cleavage furrow. After completion of cell division there was a redeployment of the ER network in each daughter cell.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130408
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
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    Expression of gelsolin by cos cell secretion (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 21-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140106
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  • 111
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    Structure-function analysis of thin filament proteins expressed in Escherichia coli (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 12-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140105
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  • 112
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    Are there eukaryotic organisms other than yeast where specific genes can be targeted and thereby disrupted or replaced with high efficiency? What advantages are afforded by microorganisms as model systems? (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 40-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140109
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
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    The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism for the cytoskeleton and cellbiology (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 42-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140110
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  • 114
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    Gene targeting and cell motility (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 62-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140113
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  • 115
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    Biological roles of actin-binding proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum examined using genetic techniques (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140114
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  • 116
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    Application of antisense RNA to the study of the cytoskeleton: Background, principles, and a summary of results obtained with myosin heavy chain (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 92-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140118
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  • 117
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    Human molecular genetics and the elucidation of the primary biochemical defect in duchenne muscular dystrophy (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140127
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  • 118
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    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120101
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  • 119
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    In vitro phosphorylation of Paramecium axonemes and permeabilized cells (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: ciliary motility ; cAMP ; Ca2+ ; phosphoproteins ; signal transduction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study seeks to identity phosphoproteins in axonemes from Paramecium letraurelia whose phosphorylation responses to adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and Ca2+ parallel responses induced by these agents in ciliary behavior in this cell. In purified rxonemes, over 15 bands ranging from Mr 〉300 kDa to 19 kDa on SDS-PAGE incorporate 32P from adenosine 5′-γ-[32P]tri-phosphate (γ-32P-ATP) at pCa 7 in the absence of cAMP. A major band whose label turns over rapidly was identified at Mr 43 kDa. In the presence of 5 μM cAMP, more than eight bands, but not the Mr 43 kDa band, were labeled additionally or enhanced their labeling. These phosphoproteins and their kinases are structural components of the axoneme. Overall, some of the same major bands are labeled in the presence of cAMP in Triton X-100-permeabilized paramecia that retain their behavioral responses and in axonemes mechanically isolated from these cells. In particular, two major bands have been identified whose phosphorylation is greatly enhanced by cAMP at low concentrations: (1) a 29 kDa polypeptide whose cAMP-dependent phosphorylation is diminished at pCa 4 compared with pCa 7 and (2) a 65 kDa polypeptide whose phosphorylation is pCa insensitive. These polypeptides meet minimal criteria for signal-sensitive regulators of motility parameters in the Paramecium axoneme.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120102
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  • 120
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    Polymerization of additional actin is not required for capping of surface antigens in B-lymphocytes (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: surface immunoglobulin ; concanavalin A ; fodrin ; DNase inhibition ; FACS ; pyrene actin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: CH12 is a murine B-cell lymphoma whose surface immunoglobulin (sIg) and concanavalin A (Con A) receptors patch and cap readily. Actin may be involved in CH12 patching and capping, since fodrin and F-actin collect under the cap, and cytochalasin D inhibits sIg capping. We have examined the state of the actin cytoskeleton during patching and capping. A wide range of concentrations of rabbit anti-mouse antibody (RAM) and Con A were used to patch or cap CH12 cells. G-actin was quantitated by DNase I inhibition, F-actin was quantitated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of fluorescent phalloidin staining, and actin nucleation sites were measured by pyrene actin polymerization. None of these methods detected any significant changes in actin when compared to control cells or untreated cells, leading us to conclude that increased actin polymerization is not necessary for capping to occur. The significance of these data to the membrane flow and cytoskeletal models of capping is discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120104
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  • 121
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    Calcium-dependent protein kinase is localized with F-actin in plant cells (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 12-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: actin ; CDPK ; cytoskeleton ; cytochalasin D (CD) ; rhodamine-phalloidin (RP) ; pollen ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We recently purified a calcium-dependent but calmodulin- and phospholipid-independent protein kinase (CDPK) from cultured plant cells (Harmon et al.: Plant Physiology 83:830-837, 1987). A monoclonal antibody (mAb 3B9) directed against CDPK was used to localize this protein in Allium root cells and Tradescantia pollen tubes using immunofluorescence techniques. The mAb 3B9 staining pattern showed that CDPK is localized within a fibrous network in the cytoplasm resembling the normal interphase network of F-actin. Treatment of tissue with 10 μM cytochalasin D (CD) prior to fixation abolished the staining pattern. Double-localization experiments in which pollen tubes were first stained with mAb 3B9 and then with rhodamine-phalloidin (RP) demonstrated that CDPK and F-actin were colocalized. Monoclonal antibody 3B9 did not react with purified actin from rabbit muscle or Dictyostelium and did not bind to proteins corresponding to the Mr of actin in crude extracts of Allium root tips and Tradescantia pollen tubes.CDPK did not phosphorylate purified rabbit muscle or Dictyostelium actin in vitro. Binding studies showed that CDPK (1) does not cosediment with actin filaments and (2) does not form a complex with G-actin. The data indicate that although CDPK does not interact directly with actin, it may be associated with an actin-binding protein and therefore could play a role in the regulation of the plant cytoskeleton.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120103
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  • 122
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    Distribution of phosphorylated spindle-associated proteins in the diatom Stephanopyxis turris (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: phosphorylation ; MPM-2 ; mitotic spindle ; microtubule-associated protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mitotic spindles isolated from the diatom Stephanopyxis turris become thiophosphorylated in the presence of ATPγS at specific locations within the mitotic apparatus, resulting in a stimulation of ATP-dependent spindle elongation in vitro. Here, using indirect immunofluorescence, we compare the staining pattern of an antibody against thiophosphorylated proteins to that of MPM-2, an antibody against mitosis-specific phosphoproteins, in isolated spindles. Both antibodies label spindle poles, kinetochores, and the midzone. Neither antibody exhibits reduced labeling in salt-extracted spindles, although prior salt extraction inhibits thiophosphorylation in ATPγS. Furthermore, both antibodies recognize a 205 kd band on immunoblots of spindle extracts. Microtubule-organizing centers and mitotic spindles label brightly with the MPM-2 antibody in intact cells. These results show that functional mitotic spindles isolated from S. turris are phosphorylated both in vivo and in vitro. We discuss the possible role of phosphorylated cytoskeletal proteins in the control of mitotic spindle function.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120105
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  • 123
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    Immunocytochemical studies of spectrin in hamster cardiac tissue (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 139-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: spectrin ; hamster ; cardiac tissue ; cytoskeletal-membrane ; myofibrils ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The spectrins are a family of cytoskeletal-membrane proteins that have a wide tissue distribution. In the present study, we employed polyclonal antibodies made against mammalian and avian erythroid spectrins as well as mammalian brain spectrin to assess their presence and distributions in the mammalian heart. Western blot analyses revealed that all three antibodies were specific for a 240,000 molecular weight α-spectrin subunit found in hamster erythrocyte ghost homogenates, whole hamster heart, and isolated hamster cardiac myofibril homogenates. Spectrin staining was absent from the Triton X-100-extracted supernatant fraction of myofibril preparations, suggesting that the protein is linked to the myofibril precipitate after exposure to the detergent. Frozen, unfixed, 2-μm-thick; sections of adult, Syrian golden hamster cardiac tissue exhibited strong immunofluorescent staining of intercalated discs and Z-bands using all three antibodies. In addition, the mammalian erythroid spectrin antibodies showed staining of the sarcolemma, and in cross section, revealed a delicate internal network of staining that appears to surround individual myofibrils. This may be T-tubule-associated staining. Myofibrils isolated from cardiac myocytes using Triton X-100 show positive Z-band staining using all three antibodies. Double staining with Texas Red-labeled monoclonal desmin and FITC-labeled polyclonal spectrin antibodies revealed that both stained the myofibrillar Z-line regions. These results demonstrate that spectrin is closely associated with the membranes, myofibrils, and intermediate filaments in the mammalian heart.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120303
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  • 124
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    Direct visualization of bipolar myosin filaments in stress fibers of cultured fibroblasts (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 150-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: stress fibers ; fibroblasts ; myosin ; bipolar filaments ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The authors examined the molecular organization of myosin in stress fibers (microfilament bundles) of cultured mouse embryo fibroblasts. To visualize the organization of myosin filaments in these cells, fibroblast cytoskeletons were treated with gelsolin-like protein from bovine brain (hereafter called brain gelsolin), which selectively disrupts actin filaments. As shown earlier [Verkhovsky et al., 1987], this treatment did not remove myosin from the stress fibers. The actin-free cytoskeletons then were lightly sonicated to loosen the packing of the remaining stress fiber components and fixed with glutaraldehyde.Electron microscopy of platinum replicas of these preparations revealed dumbbell-shaped structures of approximately 0.28 μm in length, which were identified as bipolar myosin filaments by using antibodies to fragments of myosin molecule (subfragment I and light meromyosin) and colloidal gold label. Bipolar filaments of myosin in actin-free cytoskeletons were often organized in chains and lattices formed by end-to-end contacts of individual filaments at their head-containing regions. Therefore, after extraction of actin, it was possible for the first time to display bipolar myosin filaments in the stress fibers of cultured cells.
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    Relationship between tektins and intermediate filament proteins: An immunological study (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 359-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: chymotrypsin digest ; multiple immunoblot ; keratin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Affinity-purified antibodies raised against three flagellar tektins (tektin A, B, and C) from each of two sea urchin species (Lytechinus pictus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) were used to study the immunological relationship between tektins and intermediate filament proteins. By immunofluorescence microscopy, several antitektins revealed a staining of intermediate filament-like arrays in three vertebrate cell lines tested. Immunoelectron microscopy substantiated the cross reaction of antitektins with intermediate filaments. When the cells were treated with cytochalasin B, the arrangement of the filaments recognized by anti-(Lp)-tektin B was altered; the alteration observed is typical for keratin filaments. By immunoblot, it was found that anti-(Lp)-tektin B cross reacted with two isoforms or different proteins of ∼54 kD with pIs of 6.1 and 6.2 in human carcinoma epithelia (HeLa) cells and with two isoforms or different proteins of ∼55 kD with pIs of 6.1 and 6.3 in pig kidney epithelia (LLC-PK1) cells. Furthermore, when antitektin antibodies were affinity purified with the 54 kD HeLa keratin, these keratin-specific antibodies again restained the original tektins on immunoblots. From these observations, it can be concluded that tektins and keratins are to a certain extent immunologically related. To determine the degree of the immunological relationship, tektin filaments and purified intermediate filaments from HeLa cells were cleaved with α-chymotrypsin and examined by quantitative immunoblot analysis. On immunoblots of digested tektins from L. pictus, anti-(Lp)-tektin B recognized several cleavage products in the range of 20 kD to 46 kD. However, when immunoblots of digested intermediate filaments from HeLa cells were probed, the cross reaction of anti-(Lp)-tektin B with HeLa keratins was eliminated by more than 98% within 2 min, suggesting that tektins have epitopes in common with the end domains of certain keratins.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140306
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    Morphology of fibroblasts in collagen gels: A study using 400 keV electron microscopy and computer graphics (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 382-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: motility ; cell surface ; cytoskeleton ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have used 400 kilovoit intermediate voltage electron microscopy (IVEM) to examine thick sections of fibroblasts cultured in collagen gels. In these 3D collagen lattices, the long, narrow pseudopodial extensions that extend out and make contact with the collagen matrix exhibit a complex topography not seen in the processes put out by cells moving on planar substrata. For this reason, sections 1 to 2 μm thick that enclose a whole cell process are more informative of the overall morphology of the interaction between cells and the collagen than are thin sections. To aid the discrimination of topography of cell processes in stereo views of micrographs, some cells were labeled with antibodies and protein A-colloidal gold conjugates. The gold particles provided clear 3D reference points for computeraided reconstructions of membrane topography from tilt series of IVEM images. Our results confirm that cells that move through collagen lattices lack the wellspread morphology of their counterparts moving on glass. They are generally rather spindly with several long branching anterior pseudopodia. We found that the cell bodies and major pseudopodial processes were cylindrical, as one might expect of cells in a 3D environment, but at the leading edge of advancing pseudopodia there are small flat extensions similar to those seen in cells on glass. This similarity suggests that the lamellipodium is a basic type ofprotrusive structure used by fibroblasts during locomotion on all types of substratum. The flattened shape of lamellipodia may be part of the mechanism by which cells sense the orientation of fibrillar extracellular matrices during embryonic morphogenesis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140308
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    Contributions of the β-subunit to spectrin structure and function (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 248-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: ankyrin ; adducin ; protein 4.1 ; correlation length ; flexural rigidity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The three avian spectrins that have been characterized consist of a common α-subunit (240 kD) paired with an isoform-specific β-subunit from either erythrocyte (220 or 230 kD), brain (235 kD), or intestinal brush border (260 kD). Analysis of avian spectrins, with their naturally occurring “subunit replacement” has proved useful in assessing the relative contribution of each subunit to spectrin function. In this study we have completed a survey of avian spectrin binding properties and present morphometric analysis of the relative flexibility and linearity of various avian and human spectrin isoforms. Evidence is presented that, like its mammalian counterpart, avian brain spectrin binds human erythroid ankyrin with low affinity. Cosedimentation analysis demonstrates that (1) avian erythroid protein 4.1 stimulates spectrin-actin binding of both mammalian and avian erythrocyte and brain spectrins, but not the TW 260/240 isoform, (2) calpactin I does not potentiate actin binding of either TW 260/240 or brain spectrin, and (3) erythrocyte adducin does not stimulate the interaction of TW 260/240 with actin.In addition, a morphometric analysis of rotary-shadow images of spectrin isoforms, individual subunits, and reconstituted complexes from isolated subunits was performed. This analysis revealed that the overall flexibility and linearity of a given spectrin heterodimer and tetramer is largely determined by the intrinsic rigidity and linearity of its β-spectrin subunit. No additional rigidity appears to be imparted by noncovalent associations between the subunits. The scaled flexural rigidity of the most rigid spectrin analyzed (human brain) is similar to that reported for F-actin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120406
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    Rearrangements of pterinosomes and cytoskeleton accompanying pigment dispersion in goldfish xanthophores (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 9-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: carotenoid droplet ; intermediate filament ; microfilament ; microtubule ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytoskeleton of goldfish xanthophores contains an abundance of unique dense structures (400 nm in diameter) that are absent in goldfish nonpigment cells and are probably remnants of pterinosomes. No major difference in protein composition between xanthophores and nonpigment cells (without these structures) was found that could account for these structures. In xanthophores, these structures are foci of radiating filaments. The addition or withdrawal of ACTH causes a radical rearrangement of the xanthophore Cytoskeleton accompanying redistribution of carotenoid droplets, namely, the virtual exclusion of these dense bodies with associated filaments from the space occupied by the carotenoid droplet aggregate vs. a relatively even cytoplasmic distribution of these structures when the carotenoid droplets are dispersed. These changes in cytoskeletal morphology are not accompanied by any major changes in the protein or phosphoprotein composition of the cytoskeleton.
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    Multicomponent determinations by a membrane-discriminated gas phase analyzer and successive regression in the fiduciary region (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 3 (1989), S. 601-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Gas phase flow injection analysis ; Membrane-differentiated analysis ; Multicomponent determinations ; Successive linear regression ; Successive regression in fiduciary region ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A membrane-discriminated gas phase analyzer is proposed for multicomponent determinations. Nitrogen gas flows countercurrent through outer and inner channels in a tube-in-tube arrangement. The only communication between the two channels occurs through a 500 μm aperture covered by a porous PTFE membrane. A mixture of organic compounds (up to four components) is injected into the inner channel by a heated backflushed injector and the sample components diffusing into the outer channel are monitored by a flame ionization detector (FID). A calibration set, consisting of pure components, binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures (a total of 64 samples), provides the known data base: temporal profiles of the FID output as a function of sample composition. Although the overall response behavior is not a linearly additive function of individual analyte concentrations, the use of successive inverse multiple linear regression (while continually altering the choice of the calibration samples considered for the forward regression, on the basis of the most recent values of the predicted unknown sample composition) is shown to yield analytical results for unknown samples that are in good agreement with their true values.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180030408
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    Product news (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 3 (1989), S. 609-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180030409
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    Measurement of mevalonate in human plasma and urine by multiple selected ion monitoring (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 174-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Plasma levels and urinary excretion of mevalonate were reported to be correlated with cholesterol biosynthesis. Evaluation of mevalonate concentration in plasma and urine represents therefore a non-invasive method for studying the modifications of cholesterol synthesis. A method is described here by wich mevalonate in plasma and urine is determined by the selected ion monitoring technique after extraction as mevalonolactone and conversion into the trimethylsilyl ether. Linear responses were obtained in the evaluation of mevalonate added to plasma in the 10-100 ng/ml (r 〉 0.995) and to urine in the 50-1000 ng/ml concentration ranges, respectively. Identity of mevalonate in plasma and urine was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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    Fast atom bombardment of metal-pyochelin complexes: Metastable analysis at constant B/E of zinc-pyochelinMention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry was used to characterize the pyochelin complexes of iron and zinc. Ferripyochelin readily forms the [M + H]+ and [2M + H]+ ions in a glycerol matrix. The molecular ion was 2.5 fold more abundant when acetic acid was present. Iron was shown to be present in the iron-pyochelin complex as the ferric ion by wet chemical methods. Differentiation between ferric and ferrous ions by FAB was not successful owing to the FAB reducing environment. Ferric ions were reduced by FAB to ferrous ions in the following model salts - ferric chloride, ferric nitrate and ferric sulfate - when dissolved in either glycerol, thioglycerol or the magic bullet matrix. Ferric and ferrous chloride salts gave virtually identical spectra with a glycerol/acetic acid matrix. Zinc-pyochelin readily forms the [M + H]+ and [2M + H]+ ions, but only when acetic acid was present in the glycerol matrix. The FAB mass spectrum of zinc-pyochelin exhibited various fragmentations which can be used in structural analysis. Linked-scan at constant B/E and accurate mass data were used to characterize the fragmentations of the zinc-pyochelin complex. Metastable analysis allowed the fragmentation pathway of zinc-pyochelin to be determined.
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    Electron impact mass spectrometry of BHT and its alteration products (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron impact (EI) mass spectra of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and certain of its alteration products are described in detail. Accurate mass measurements confirm the elemental compositions of important fragment ions in the EI spectra. Collisionally activated mass spectra are also used to study fragmentation and suggest common ion structures. The reference spectra provide the basis for identifying various alteration products of BHT by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) without the necessity of isolating individual components. Application of GC/MS is made to three studies: (i) pyrolysis of hydroperoxy-BHT as a potential pathway to alteration products in food; (ii) GC/MS pyrolysis of hydroperoxy-BHT as a model study; and (iii) alteration of BHT in ethanol/water as a food-simulating solvent.
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    Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the D-aldohexoses and some deoxyaldohexoses (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 363-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The MI and CA spectra of selected positive and negative ions generated by fast atom bombardment (FAB) of the stereoisomeric aldohexoses can be used to differentiate among these isomers, without prior derivatization or addition of other substances. The main fragmentation routes were traced and compared to those of some 2- and 6-deoxyaldohexoses, which appeared to be suitable model compounds. In both positive and negative ion FAB mass spectrometry, the OH group at the C-2 position plays an important role in the fragmentation reactions of the pseudomolecular [M + glycerol + H]+ and [M - H]- ions.
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    Rapid identification of calbindin-D28k cyanogen bromide peptide fragments by plasma desorption mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 387-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chicken intestinal calbindin-D28k is an intracellular protein which is believed to have a fundamental role in vitamin D-mediated transport of calcium. A mapping approach based on 252Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry (PD mapping) was used to screen the DNA-deduced sequence of calbindin-D28k for sequence changes and posttranslational modifications. In the PD mapping experiment, purified calbindin-D28k was cleaved with cyanogen bromide and the resulting peptides were subjected to PD mass spectrometric analysis either as a mixture or as high-performance liquid chromatography isolated fractions. The DNA-derived primary structure of calbindin-D28k was confirmed by rapid PD mass spectral identification of the CNBr peptide fragments, and the nature of the N-terminal blocking group was readily determined to be an acetyl group. The relatively non-destructive nature of the PD mass spectrometric analysis allowed the mapping of the N-terminal peptide through an additional in situ V8 protease enzymatic reaction.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180605
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    Rapid determination of sequence variations in actinidin isolated from Actinidia chinensis (var. Hayward) using fast atom bombardment mapping mass spectrometry and gas phase microsequencing (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 424-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A current limitation in the use of fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometric mapping of peptide mixtures, derived from enzymic digestion of proteins, is that most of the hydrophilic peptides are not observed. However, it has been demonstrated from previous work that esterification of the peptide mixture results in the detection of almost all peptides in FAB mass spectrometry. This strategy of FAB mapping was applied to the protein actinidin, isolated from an Italian variety of Actinidia chinensis. Two of the 12 tryptic peptides in FAB mass spectrometry did not exhibit molecular ions predicted from the known sequence of actinidin isolated from the New Zealand variety of A. chinensis. The two peptides were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography, subjected to Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion and sequenced by gas-phase microsequencing. Nine changes in amino acid composition were detected using the rapid and powerful combination of FAB mass spectrometric mapping and gas-phase microsequencing.
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    Studies on anabolic steroids II - gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric characterization of oxandrolone urinary metabolites in manFor Part I see Ref. 1. (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 429-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The metabolism of 17α-methyl-17β-hydroxy-2-oxa-5α-androstan-3-one (oxandrolone) in man has been investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. After oral administration of a 10 mg dose to man, five metabolites were detected in the free fraction of the urinary samples. Oxandrolone, the major compound excreted in urine, was detected within 72 h after administration. During this period 35.8 and 8.4% of the administered dose was excreted as unchanged oxandrolone and 17-epioxandrolone, respectively. In addition, minute amounts of 16α- and 16β- hydroxyoxandrolone and a δ-hydroxy acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the lactone group of oxandrolone were detected in the urine samples 8-60 h after administration. Furthermore, the susceptibility of oxandrolone to hydrolysis was investigated under several pH conditions. Extraction and fractionation of steroidal metabolites was achieved by using C18 and silica Sep Pak™ chromatography. The mass spectra of the metabolites are presented and major fragmentation pathways discussed.
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    Gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric characterization of precursors on the sesterterpene pathway for steroid biosynthesis (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 572-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An increasing amount of evidence is accumulating to support the proposal that steroidogenesis can occur by a sesterterpene pathway as well as the cholesterol pathway. Key intermediates on the sesterterpene pathway are 23,24-dinor-5-cholen-3β-ol (guneribol) and some of its metabolites, e.g. 23,24-dinor-4-cholen-3-one (guneribone). It has been reported that these intermediates are biosynthesized and converted to steroid hormones by a range of endocrine tissues in vitro. Monitoring the pentafluorobenzyloxime derivatives by negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry in the electron capture mode provided evidence for the presence of guneribone in extracts of bovine testicular and human adrenal tumour tissue. Complementary evidence was obtained from gas chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric data generated on a triple-quadrupole instrument by monitoring daughter ions (in the multiple ion detection, MID mode) of the molecular anion of derivatized guneribone in both standards and tissue extracts. The present findings that sesterterpene pathway intermediates are present as endogenous compounds in tissue extracts, together with the previously reported radiochemical data, give further support to the sesterterpene pathway hypothesis.
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    Determination of cyclic butylboronate esters of some 1,2- and 2,3-diols in plasma by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 592-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analytical procedure is described to determine glycols in plasma as cyclic butyl boronate esters. The method, involving a pre-deproteinization step, required only 0.25 ml of plasma and a short time (20 min) to react with the derivatizing agent (butyl boronic acid). The gas chromatographic separation on a CP Sil 8 CB silica capillary column coupled to a mass detector assured a complete identification of the compounds. The analytical recoveries (〉95%) with low coefficient of variation (4-11%) assured the feasibility of the method over a concentration range from 5 to 1000 μg ml-1 for each glycol. The lower detection limits, namely 1-5 μg ml-1, confirmed the sensitivity of the method.
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    Isotope labelling of lipids using the Favorsky rearrangement (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 603-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of tetradeuterated 10-methylundecanoic acid, dideuterated tetracos-2-enoic acid, (1-14C)pristanic acid and (1-14C)tetracos-2-enoic acid using the Favorsky rearrangement are described. They will be used for studies of long-chain fatty acid metabolism in patients. The positions of isotope labelling were determined by mass spectrometry.
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    Structure analysis of modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides by negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 617-619 
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    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry is used to verify the sequence of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing a single modified nucleotide. Both the position in the sequence and the molecular weight of the modified nucleotide can be determined from the 3′ and 5′-phosphate sequence ions which are prominent in the mass spectrum.
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    A comparison of positive ion and negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectral data for some sulphonyl hydrazones and derivatives (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 620-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of sulphonyl hydrazones and derivatives have been synthesized and tested for biological activity as pesticides during the crop protection research programme at the Hatfield Polytechnic. A recent comparative ionization study of some of these compounds using electron impact (EI), fast atom bombardment (FAB) and various chemical ionization methods showed FAB mass spectrometry to be the optimum technique to use in terms of molecular weight information obtained. This study compares the FAB mass spectral data in positive and negative ion mode using an alternating positive and negative ion detection system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180819
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    Rapid structural analysis of the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of SK&F 95448 by the combined use of thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 637-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) interface has had a major impact on the direct analysis of the metabolic fate of xenobiotics in complex biological media. This paper outlines the rapidity and power of the LC/MS approach, and shows how detailed structural information can be obtained without recourse to individual compound isolation. This provides a great saving in time and effort. The additional specificity of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry is highlighted in identifying the sites of metabolic transformation. The ability to handle biological samples with little or no clean-up using wide high-performance liquid chromatographic gradients is a key feature of the success of this methodology.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180822
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    Phytochemical studies on the essential oils of species belonging to the Achillea genus by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 629-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several populations of Achillea species were collected from Hungarian localities. The characteristic composition cf the essential oils of almost 220 populations were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The main component of Achillea asplenifolia, A. setacea and A. collina oils is chamazulene, with a molecular mass of 184. The composition of some A. setacea is different: instead of chamazulene it contains a significant amount of farnesene. Oils of A. distans, A. crithmifolia, A. nobilis, A. pannonica and A. ochroleuca contain some different and specific compounds instead of chamazulene. During the analysis of many essential oils, we found some very interesting differences within species originating from another geographical area.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180821
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    Quantification of urinary 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid using deuterated 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid as internal standard (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 652-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deficiency of biotin at the tissue level can be assessed indirectly by measuring the urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid. This paper describes the application of an improved method of quantifying urinary 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid using unlabeled and uniformly deuterated 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid. These compounds were synthesized by a modification of the lithioacetic acid method for generation of beta-hydroxy acids. Elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric data demonstrated that the compounds are greater than 95% pure. Mass spectrometry confirmed the identity of the unlabeled compound, demonstrated that the deuterated compound is uniformly labeled, and offered insight into the pattern of mass fragmentation. The method for determination of the concentration of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid in rat urine uses gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric quantification of the di-trimethylsilyl derivative with the deuterated compound as the internal standard. Results provide evidence that this method is more accurate than a previously published method that did not utilize the unlabeled and deuterated standards.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180903
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    Metabolic dissimilarity between (9,12,12-2H)cortisol and natural cortisol in vivo. Can deuterated cortisol be used for the measurement of the urinary cortisol production rate? (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 662-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The metabolism of deutrated cortisol (9,12,12,-2H)cortisol, (2H3-F) was compared to that of radioactive cortisol (3H2-F) and natural cortisol, when these three compounds were administered simultaneously to an adrenalectomized piglet. The relative isotope dilution of tritium was determined from the specific activities of the main urinary neutral cortisol metabolites, tetrahydrocortisone (THE) and tetrahydrocortisol (THF), normalized to that of the cortisol mixture administered. To obtain a comparison of the isotope dilution of deuterium in the metabolites THE and THF to that in the cortisol mixture, the three steroids were converted to the common oxidation product 11-oxo-aetiocholanolone, and deivatized to the methoxime-tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl ether. The relative 2H-isotope dilution then was measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. It was found that the specific activity of THE in the cumulative urine collections was similar to that of the cortisol mixture administered; the two-day value was, however, less. The specific activity of THF was slightly but significantly smaller than 1 (∼0.9) at all times. The relative 2H-isotope dilution in THE was slightly but significantly larger than one (∼1.1) at all times, whereas that in the THF was larger than 1.0 at 9 and 32 h or equal to 1.0 at 20 and 47 h of urine collection. When comparing the metabolism of the two tracer cortisol species the quotient of the 3H- and the 2H-isotope dilutions in THE and THF was smaller than 1.0. It can be concluded that (2H3)cortisol may be used for the determination of the cortisol production rate.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180905
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    Direct analysis of different classes of surfactants in raw materials and in finished detergent formulations by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 673-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The characterization of the components of a surfactant mixture is a challenge, since we are dealing with substances inherently difficult to purify or separate by any available chromatographic methods. The results of the present work provide evidence that with fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry it is possible to identify the single constituents of the different clases of tensides - non-ionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric - directly in the mixture and in detergent formulations (shampoos). The method, which is based on unambiguous molecular weight determination of the single components, allows the definition of the exact distribution of oligomers in the surfactant mixture, and distinction of subtle variations in the detergent composition in finished formulations. The results obtained indicate that this technique is a powerful analytical tool which can be used as a rapid screen test for quality control.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180907
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  • 148
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    Biotransformation of aliphatic formamides: Metabolites of (±)-N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-3,3-diphenylpropyl) formamide in ratsPresented in part at the 35th ASMS Meeting, Denver, Colorado, May 1987. (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 690-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The in vivo biliary and urinary metabolites of (±)-N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-3,3-diphenylpropyl) formamide (1) from male Wistar rats have been characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In urine, non-conjugated metabolites included 1,1-diphenyl-3-butanone (4) and 3-methylamino-1,1, diphenylbutane (7). β-Glucuronidase liberated 4, 1,1-diphenyl-3-butanol (5), 1,1-diphenyl-3-butanone oxime (6), N-hydroxymethyl-N-(1-methyl-3, 3-diphenylpropyl) formamide (3), 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-butanone (11), 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-butanone oxime (12), N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl) formamide (8), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-butanone (16), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-butanol (17), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-butanone oxime (18), N-(1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl) formamide (14) and N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl) formamide (13). Most of the carbinolamide (3) decomposed in the gas chromatograph inlet to N-(1-methyl-3,3-diphenylpropyl) formamide (2) unless stabilized as a trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative. In bile, compounds 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12 and 16 were present as non-conjugated metabolites. β-Glucuronidase also liberated N-(1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl) formamide (9), and all of the previously listed compounds except 7. Trimethylsilylation of the conjugated bile fraction revealed the presence of an additional two compunds: N-hydroxymethyl-N-(1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl) formamide (10) and N-hydroxymethyl-N-(1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl) formamide (15). A stable carbinolamide metabolite standard was synthesized and the mass spectral fragmentations of its TMS derivative studied by tandem mass spectroscopy. This is the first report on stable carbinolamide metabolites of high-molecular-weight formamides.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180908
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    Parent ion spectroscopy in the identification of advanced glycation products (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 713-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Advanced glycation products have been investigated by parent ion spectroscopy, employing B2/E = constant linked scans of furoyl ions obtained from hydrolysed glycated albumin and polylysine mixtures, without any extraction procedures. Using such an instrumental approach, together with exact mass measurements and collision spectroscopy, the identification of 2-(2-furoyl)-4-hydroxyl-1H-imidazole and 2-(2-furoyl)-4-carboxy-1H-imidazole among the advanced glycation products has been achieved.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180911
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    Identification of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols from human cerumen by the use of picolinyl and nicotinate esters (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 719-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Human cerumen was hydrolysed with base and the constituents were examined as trimethylsilyl (TMS), methyl ester/TMS, picolinyl/TMS and nicotinate/TMS derivatives by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A sample was also reacted with osmium tetroxide for double bond location. The major constituents were cholesterol, squalene and several series of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols. These latter compounds had chain lengths of 12-26 carbon atoms and were predominantly either straight-chain saturated or straight-chain unsaturated compounds. Saturated branched-chain acids with methyl groups predominantly on even-numbered carbon atoms were present but were less abundant. Unsaturated, branched-chain acids were also present. The major unsaturated acids contained unsaturation at the delta-6-position or were derived from these acids by chain elongation. The compounds were similar to those found in vernix caseosa. The mass spectra of picolinyl esters were, for the first time, shown to be capable of determining both the position of unsaturation and methyl branching in the same molecule.
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    Tandem mass spectrometry of leucine enkephalin and physalaemin using a hybrid instrument (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 727-732 
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    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Daughter ion mass spectral data of [M + H]+ ions of leucine enkephalin and physalaemin, which were formed by fast atom bombardment, were obtained using an instrument of EBQQ configuration. In the case of leucine enkephalin, experiments were carried out in which the collision energy was varied and the collision gas pressure kept constant and vice versa. The results show that conditions can be established under which seuqence-relevant ions above m/z 200 are formed, as well as under which mainly immonium and acylium type ions are generated. Of possible interest for characterization of unknown peptides, when using hybrid instruments, are the mid-chain cleavage ions, which, at a constant argon gas pressure of 5 × 10-6 mbat, were found to maximize at around 30 eV collision energy. Daughter ion mass spectral data are also presented for [M + H]+ ions of physalaemin (mol. wt 1264). Compared to data obtained for physalaemin on multisector instruments, our results indicate that the formation of mid-chain cleavage ions is clearly enhanced.
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    Characterization of virus infected cell cultures by pyrolysis/direct chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 757-760 
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    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The supernatants of Vero cell cultures after infection with a herpes simplex virus or a poliomyelitis virus as well as a blank were analysed by pyrolysis/direct chemical ionization mass spectrometry (Py/DCI MS). Informative pyrogrammes were obtained and used for characterization of viral proteins by applying pattern recognition methods. Differentiation of viral proteins was evaluated by analysing ‘blind’ samples. Herpes viruses could be classified correctly but the observed differences between the blank and the polio virus supernatants were too small for reliable classification of the polio viruses. Purification of the samples seems to be a prerequisite for further studies. The potential value of Py/DCI MS as a rapid non-invasive diagnostic method for viral meningoencephalitis is stressed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180919
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    Fast atom bombardment combined with tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of a complex mixture of lipo-oligopeptides from Nocardia rubra cell wallskeletonPart of the results in this paper have been presented at the 36th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, San Francisco, USA, p. 1285 (1988). (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 761-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Experimental variables in fast atom bombardment combined with tandem mass spectrometry based on low-energy collision-induced dissociation have been systematically invetigated in order to optimize parameters for analysis of synthetic lipo-oligopeptides. The parameters studied were matrix, ion polarity, collision gas, collision gas pressure and collision energy. The optimal parameters recommended in this study have been applied to the N-terminal amino acid seuquence determination of lipopeptide obtained from Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton. Daughter and parent ion experiments with negative ion fast atom bombardment combined with tandem mass spectrometry have proven to be very useful for structure elucidation of a complex mixture of lipo-oligopeptides.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180920
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    The determination of atmospheric bis (chloromethyl) ether by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 775-779 
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    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The technique of gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry is applied to the analysis of bis(chloromethyl) ether in laboratory and production environments. A selected reaction monitoring method is shown to yield superior sensitivity and selectivity to previous methods. A detection limit of ∼1 ppt is established even for chemically complex atmospheres which have proved intractable by previous techniques.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180922
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    Fast atom bombardment mass spectra of peptides. Dimer ion studies. Part VIPart V: see Ref. 1; Part IV: see ref. 2. (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectra of the opioid pentapeptides leucine enkephalin (1) (H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH or YGGFL), methionine enkephalin (2) (H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-OH or YGGFM) and leucine enkephalin-2H2 (3) (H-Tyr-2Gly-2H2-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH or YGGFL-2H2) have been recorded in glycerol. The following experiments have been carried out: (i) dimer studies [2M + 1]+; (ii) decompositions of dimers: daughter ions from (YGGFL)2, (YGGFL-YGGFL-2H2) and (YGGFL-2H2)2 as well as (YGGFM-YGGFL) and (YGGFM)2 dimers; (iii) solvation site and pyridine collision-activated dissociation studies for dimer ions; (iv) mechanism of formation of [(2M + 1) - Gly4]+ ions.
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    Practical considerations in the use of stable isotope labelled compounds as tracers in clinical studies (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 321-327 
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    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Increasingly widespread usage of stable isotope tracers to aid clinical diagnosis and support basic research has stemmed from both advances in mass spectrometry and the availability of competitively priced labelled compounds. Stable isotopes have been used generally to investigate normal and abnormal metabolic pathways, to estimate energy expenditure and body composition and to quantitate substrate flux and oxidation rates. Despite the fact that the underlying principles relating to the use of stable isotopes for in vivo studies are straightforward, careful consideration must be given to all aspects of human studies. This review highlights some of these, including choice of label and tracer molecule, mode of tracer administration and sampling site, analytical instrumentation, interpretation of data and ethical constraints.
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    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989) 
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    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180601
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    Forthcoming events (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 358-358 
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    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180512
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    Direct liquid inlet liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric identification and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of a benzodiazepine glucuronide (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 359-362 
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    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The glucuronide of N-1-hydroxy-ethyl flurazepam has been analysed by a direct liquid inlet liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric system using MeOH/H2O (70:30 v/v) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.7 ml min-1. Urine samples were purified by amberlite XAD-2 chromatography; the glucuronide was quantified by highperformance liquid chromatography using a counterion (tetrabutyl ammonium nitrate in methanol). Chromatographic results were validated by an enzymatic method: treatment of the samples with β-glucuronidase and extraction of the parent drug with ethyl ether at pH 9. The biological application of this method was demonstrated by determination of this glucuronide in the urine of healthy human volunteers following a single intravenous administration of 50 mg of N-1-hydroxy-ethyl flurazepam.
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    Mass spectrometry of domoic acid, a marine neurotoxinNRCC No. 29369. (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 373-386 
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    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Domoic acid is a naturally occurring amino acid, formerly available in limited amounts as a natural product of some algae of the family Rhodomelaceae. As the result of a recent incidence of toxicity in cultured blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from a highly localized region of Atlantic Canada, useful amounts of this substance are likely to become available in the near future. Domoic acid is an important substance for fundamental studies in neurobiology as it possesses the highest affinity amongst known substances for the kainate receptors of the central nervous system. The present work describes fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra of domoic acid, and of some of its isomers present in minor quantities in contaminated mussel extracts. These FAB spectra are subject to interferences from beam-inducced reduction reactions associated with matrices such as glycerol, but not with others such as 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol. Tandem mass spectrometry of the MH+ ions from these compounds is also reported. As a more feasible approach to quantitative analysis at trace levels, formation of the volatile tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives has been investigated and shown to be highly promising.
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    Collisional activation mass spectra of M-. ions of azo dyes containing 2-naphthol (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 394-400 
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    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Collisionally activated decomposition mass spectra of M-. ions of azo dyes are presented. The compounds are of general structure Ar(1)—N=N—Ar(2), where Ar(1) is substituted phenyl and Ar(2) is 2-naphthol. Characteristic fragment ions observed include m/z 157, which corresponds to the 2-naphthol substituent with cleavage of the —N=N— bond represented as [Ar(2) - N]-.. Ion of general structure [Ar(1)- NH]- are also observed. Parent ion scans of m/z 157 provide a potential screening technique for 2-naphthol-containing axo dyes. Specific results are reported for the chloroform extract of FD&C Red #8, and capillary gas chromatographic introduction is compared with direct exposure probe introduction for the identification of dyes.
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    Studies on the biotransformation of ketamine. II - quantitative significance of the N-demethylation pathway in rats in vivo determined by a novel stable isotope technique (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 401-404 
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    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to determine the fraction of an intravenous bolus dose of ketamine which is metabolized in vivo to the corresponding N-desmethyl compound, norketamine, a novel stable isotope technique was developed and applied to a study in rats. Co-injection of equimoiar amounts of deuterium-labeled ketamine and unlabeled norketamine to four animals, followed by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of both the administered compounds and deuterium-labeled norketamine in plasma yielded pharmacokinetic data from which the fraction of the parent drug subjected to N-demethylation (fm) was calculated from AUC data to be 36.8 ± 2.4%. It is concluded that this stable isotope co-administration technique represents a powerful approach to the determination of fm, in that the pharmacokinetics of the metabolite of interest, given as the preformed compound and generated in vivo, are determined simultaneously. This experimental design thus obviates the influence of time-dependent changes in metabolite clearance which may complicate the interpretation of studies performed using the classical cross-over design.
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    Profiles in altered metabolism. IV - induction of acute dicarboxylic aciduria following 2-octynoic acid administration to the ratPrevious paper in this series: ‘Profiles in Altered Metabolism III - (Ω-1)-Hydroxyacid Excretion in a Case of Episodic Hypoglycemia’, O. A. Mamer, J. A. Montgomery and E. Colle, Biomed. Mass Spectrom., 7, 53 (1980). (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 416-423 
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    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rats given 2-octynoic acid by intraperitoneal injection excrete elevated amounts of medium-chain dicarboxylic acids and other acidic metabolites usually associated with human medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Onset of this organic acid profile is immediate and lasts for approximately 24 h. The induced acidosis in this animal model closely, acutely and transiently resembles the human disorder. The 2-octynoate load is also extensively Ω- and Ψ-oxidized, and evidence is presented for the enzymic hydration of 2-octynoate to 3-ketooctanoic acid.
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    High-sensitivity thermospray ionization mass spectrometry of dyes (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 445-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of dyes belonging to different chemical classes have been analyzed by thermospray (TSP) ionization mass spectrometry using a modified source containing a wire-repeller. Detection limits were determined and found to be in the range 0.05-20 ng, which are lower by a factor of 10-400 than previously published results. Positive-ion TSP mass spectra of some sulfonated dyes could be recorded for the first time owing to the increased sensitivity. Losses of SO3Na and 2SO3Na as well as losses of Na and 2Na were observed. The losses of each one of these groups involved replacement by a hydrogen atom.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180614
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    Determination of the new aromatase inhibitor CGS 16 949 in biological fluids by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 558-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A specific and sensitive gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of the aromatase inhibitor CGS 16 949 in plasma and urine. A deuterium-labelled analogue of CGS 16 949 was used as internal standard. The analysis of spiked samples demonstrated the good accuracy and precision of the method. For both plasma and urine, the limit of quantification (LOQ: coefficient of variation (CV) = 10%) and the limit of detection (LOD: CV = 100%) were estimated to be 5 and 1 nmol l-1, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of unchanged CGS 16 949 in plasma and urine of a healthy volunteer orally dosed with 1 mg of CGS 16 949 A.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180808
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    Determination of pipecolic acid in serum or plasma by solid-phase extraction and isotope dilution mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 566-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The determination of pipecolic acid in serum or plasma by positive chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is assessed. This quantitative method involves stable isotope dilution and cation-exchange solid-phase extraction. Several derivatives of pipecolic acid and its octadeuterated analogue were investigated for their mass spectrometric characteristics. The beptafluorobutyric methyl ester derivatives afford optimal resolution on gas chromatography of biological extracts. Moreover, the derivatizing reagent (methanolic HCl) allows a combined elution and derivatization. Selected ion monitoring is performed on the [M + H]+ ions of both analyte and internal standard, at m/z 340 and 348, respectively. Serum or plasma samples from healthy subjects and patients suspected of peroxisomal diseases have been examined.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180810
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    On the use of laser microprobe mass spectrometry for the analysis of organic biomolecules (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 581-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Laser microprobe mass spectrometry has been applied to a variety of organic polyfunctional molecules, covering a wide range of polarity and mass spectrometric behaviour. The technique apparently combines desorption under relatively soft conditions with extensive fragmentation and hence allows much structural information from intactly released thermolabiles to be obtained. The mass spectra appear unfamiliar in comparison to conventional techniques. Interpretation is attempted in a purely empirical way by means of the evidence from our database and tentative hypotheses to rationalize the desorption and ionization by laser microbeam irradiation of organic solids. Selected examples are presented to illustrate the potential and limitations of the method in the field of biomolecules, such as pyridoxine and pyridoxal phosphate, nucleosides, nucleotides and related analogues, drugs and the corresponding N-oxides.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180813
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    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180101
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    Detection of residues of chloramphenicol in crude extracts of fish and milk by tandem mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 5-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The collision-induced dissociation mass spectrum, observed with a hybrid tandem instrument, of the ammonia chemical ionization protonated molecular ion of chloramphenicol was used for the detection of residues of the drug in biological samples. The extracted oil from fish was subjected to a rapid clean-up on a pre-packed silica gel cartridge prior to non-chromatographic tandem mass spectral analysis. Fat extracted from milk was analysed directly by on-line combined high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with rapid elution of chloramphenicol. Identification was on the basis of agreement of the daughter ion spectra obtained from sample extracts with that of the chloramphenicol standard. Detection was unambiguous at 0.5 mg kg-1. The sensitivity advantage normally expected with multiple reaction monitoring was not achieved owing to the effect of neutral noise phenomena.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180103
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    Isolation, purification and structure elucidation of cyclosporin a metabolites in rabbit and man (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 48-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metabolism of cyclosporin A (CsA) was studied in a model of isolated and perfused rabbit liver, and in man. After diethyl ether extraction, CsA metabolites were separated and successfully purified by a combination of two highperformance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedures. A normal-phase HPLC methodology was used to separate most of the metabolites, and further separation and purification were optimized with a reversed-phase HPLC method. 27 different CsA metabolites were separated, collected, and characterized by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. In addition to several metabolites already described (OL-1, OL-17, OL-18 and OL-21), new compounds (of original molecular weights 1236, 1222 and 1174, and numerous structural isomers of previously reported molecular weights) were isolated from rabbit and human bile. Mass spectral analysis of two of these new metabolites strongly suggests vicinal dihydrodiol (mol. wt 1236) and N-demethylated vicinal dihydrodiol (mol. wt 1222) structures. These two new metabolites most probably derive from an epoxide as a preliminary intermediate.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180107
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    Packed capillary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using a moving belt interfacePresented in part at the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 35th Annual Conference, Denver, 1987 and at the 17th Annual Symposium on the Analytical Chemistry of Pollutants, Jekyll Island, 1987. (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Packed capillary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using a moving belt interface is a practical, versatile technique for the identification of unknowns. The low flow rates (1-2 μl min-1) improve the operation of the moving belt and allow direct deposition of eluates from reversed-phase liquid chromatographic columns containing large proportions of water. Column performance and durability is equivalent to that obtained with conventional or microbore liquid chromatographic columns. Techniques have been developed for analyzing dilute solutions with no loss in column performance and for the detection of radiolabeled metabolites. Applications to analyses of polar, thermally labile compounds and environmental samples are presented.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180111
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    Charge-exchange reactions with water in the detection of perfluorocarbons by thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 106-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) can be detected by thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) only when the system is operated in the negative ion mode with filament on and some water entering the thermospray source. A new mechanism for PFC ionization is proposed, based on studies of LC/MS detection of the perfluorinated forms of cyclohexane, methyl and dimethyl cyclohexane, decalin, 1-methyl decalin and toluene. The ion evaporation mechanism of Dodd, involving pre-ionization of PFCs in the presence of aqueous NH4OAc, is not operative, nor is chemical ionization of PFCs by the reagent ions as in true thermospray LC/MS. Instead, PFC ionization is attributable to the negative ions formed from the water in the source; these ions undergo prompt charge-exchange reactions with the more electronegative PFCs to form structure-retaining PFC ions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180204
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    Suppression effects in peptide mapping by plasma desorption mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Suppression effects observed in plasma desorption (PD) mass spectrometry have been studied and compared to those found in fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. A basic difference in the mechanism of suppression in the two techniques is demonstrated. In positive ion mode PD mass spectrometry, peptides carrying net positive charges are preferentially detected when analysed together with peptides carrying net negative charges, and in negative ion mode PD mass spectrometry, the situation is generally reversed. Based on this complementarity, PD mapping carried out by enzymatic digestion of a nitrocellulose-bound sample can in many cases yield almost complete coverage of smaller proteins.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180208
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    Fast atom bombardment and fast atom bombardment collision-activated dissociation/mass-analysed ion kinetic energy analysis of C-glycosidic flavonoids (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 122-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry and FAB tandem mass spectrometry in negative mode can provide molecular weight and very useful structural prior information for C-glycosyl flavonoids without derivatization. Diethanolamine or thioglycerol matrix gave an abundant deprotonated molecular ion for all the studied compounds. Mass-analysed ion kinetic energy (MIKE) and collision-activated dissociation/MIKE spectra provide characteristic fragment ions which permit differentiation of the 6- and/or 8-location, and the position of O-glycosylation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180207
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    Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric investigation of in vitro degradation within the disulfide-linked core of atrial natriuretic factor (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 12-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of high-performance liquid chromatography and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry are shown to be an efficient combination for investigating protease-mediated digestion of synthetic analogs of the peptide hormone ANF (atrial natriuretic factor). As examples of the reported methodology, rANF5-23-NH2 and rANF7-23-NH2 were digested with the endopeptidase thermolysin. These truncated analogs were selected to investigate metabolism within the disulfide-linked core of ANF, particularly at the Cys7—Phe8 bond. While this position was the site of initial hydrolysis for rANF5-23-NH2 (t1/2 = 0.5 min), the Cys7—Phe8 bond remained intact for all observed degradation products of rANF7-23-NH2 (t1/2 = 16 min). These findings suggest that improved stability towards endopeptidase-mediated core hydrolysis may be conferred to analogs of ANF by removal of the first six residues from the N-terminus.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180104
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    The differentiation of methyl guanosine isomers by laser ionization fourier transform mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 265-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Laser ionization of guanosines containing methyl substitutions in the 1-, N2-, 3′-O-, O6- and 7- positions generated two characteristic negative ions: loss of hydrogen to generate [M - H]- and elimination of the sugar ring to form the nucleic base ion. The ions generated by elimination of the sugar ring provided the information necessary to determine whether the methyl group was on the nucleic base or sugar ring. Fourier transform mass spectrometry was used to isolate and collisionally dissociate selected negative ions from these nucleosides. The collisional dissociation spectra indicated daughter ions which were sufficient to differentiate all the isomers with methyl substitution of the nucleic bases. In addition, accurate mass measurement an dsequential collisional dissociation experiments were employed to investigate fragmentation mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    Laser-induced vaporization mass spectrometry of rifamycins (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 301-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of many rifamycins cannot be obtained by electron ionization (EI) owing to their thermal decomposition. When a laser beam is used to vaporize the sample through an optic fibre inserted in a hollow probe which reaches the sample cup, decomposition is minimized and the EI spectra show abundant molecular ions and fragments of structurally high diagnostic value. These ionic species are easily observed owing to the lack of chemical noise often present in soft ionization methods, such as direct liquid chemical ionization and fast atom bombardment.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180504
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    Mixed silyl ether-perfluoroacyl ester derivatives for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of oestrogens. Application to the quantitative determination of oestriol in human plasmaPresented in part at the 11th International Mass Spectrometry Conference, Bordeaux, 29th August-2nd Spetember, 1988. (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 314-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conversion of oestrogens mixed derivatives comprising a phenolic silyl ether and one or more alcoholic perfluoroactyl ester(s) is described. They are easily formed in quantitative yield and have excellent gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric properties, making them suitable for analysis by selected ion monitoring. Reaction mechanisms are examined which propose explanations for the experimentally observed optimal reaction conditions. The 3-t-butyldimethylsilyl ether-16α 17β-bis(pentafluoropropionate) has been used for the quantitative determination of oestriol in plasma by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using a stable isotope internal standard. Comparison with the pertrimethylsilyl ether of oestriol indicates higher specificity and better precision for low-level (〈0.5 ng ml-1) estimations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180506
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    On-line generation of fast atom bombardment spectra with particle beam liquid chromatography/mass spectrornetry interfaung (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 355-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180511
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    Deuterium-labeled 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol as a matrix for fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry1 (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 1087-1095 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The utility of deuterium-labeled 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol (DNBA) as a fast atom bombardment (FAB) matrix for establishing the number of exchangeable hydrogens present in a molecule is illustrated by the analysis of five selected antitumor agents. A method for the simple preparation of this labeled matrix is described. The use of DNBA may be of value for samples which provide no FAB spectra when deuterium-labeled glycerol is used as a matrix.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200181209
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    Determination of the photodegradation products of basic yellow 2 by thermospray high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 1079-1086 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Like most dyes, Basic Yellow 2 (BY-2) fades upon prolonged exposure to light. Light-induced fading is a complex process that is also affected by heat and humidity. In order to better understand the photodegradation process and to identify the various photodegradation products of BY-2, fabric samples and solutions containing BY-2 were exposed to a variety of fading conditions. The analysis of faded BY-2 dyed fabric extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) indicated the reduction and hydrolysis of the C=NH2+ group to form primarily benzophenone derivatives, as well as various demethylated products. Due to the absence of fragmentation in the thermospray spectra (only [M + H]+ ions were observed) the dye extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to confirm the identity of the degradation products. Many of the degradation products were sufficiently volatile for analysis by GC/MS. Mass spectra of the photodegradation products of BY-2 exhibited molecular ions and structurally important fragment ions to complement the thermospray data. The mass spectral data indicated that the most prevalent degradation product formed was ((CH3)2NC6H4)2C=0 (Michler's ketone). Hydrolysis of the C=NH2+ group to C=0 is the main color-destroying reaction in the fading of BY-2. Demethylation products which can alter the shades of color were also detected in the faded BY-2 samples.
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    Isotope dilution assay for urinary methanesulfinic and methanesulfonic acids: Application to detection of methylthio turnover (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 1096-1098 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methanesulfinic and methanesulfonic acids were shown to be present in urine from rats fed laboratory rat diet. The daily excretions of each acid were equivalent at 0.47 μmol day-1. The excretion of methanesulfinic acid increased about ninefold and that of methanesulfonic doubled when rats were dosed with 17 μmol of pentachlorothioanisole. The excretion of methanesulfinic acid above control levels in urine may be a method for detecting methylthio displacements that occur during the intermediary metabolism of xenobiotics.
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    Forthcoming events (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 1105-1105 
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    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200181213
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    Actin structure-function relationships in vitro using oligodeoxynucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140108
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    The study of cytoskeletal proteins and mitosis using Aspergillus molecular genetics (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 58-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140112
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    Organizing microtubules in the cytoplasm: Genetic approaches in yeast and animal cells (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 50-57 
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    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140111
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    Isolation and behavioral analysis of mutants defective in cytoskeletal proteins (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 75-79 
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    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140115
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    A model for slow axonal transport and its application to neurofilamentous neuropathies (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 53-65 
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    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: reversible binding ; computer simulation ; transport rates ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A model for slow axonal transport is developed in which the essential features are reversible binding of cytoskeletal elements and of soluble cytosolic proteins to each other and to motile elements such as actin microfilaments. Computer simulation of the equations of the model demonstrate that the model can account for many of the features of the SCa and SCb waves observed in pulse experiments. The model also provides a unified explanation for the increase and decrease of neurofilament transport rates observed in various toxicant-induced neuropathies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120107
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    Calmodulin is associated with microtubules forming in PTK1 cells upon release from nocodazole treatment (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mitosis ; spindle ; kinetochore ; centrosome ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: To investigate the association of calmodulin (CaM) with microtubules (MTs) in the mitotic apparatus (MA), the distributions of CaM and tubulin were examined in cells in which the normal spindle organization had been altered. A fluorescent CaM conjugate with tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (CaM-TRITC) and a dichlorotriazinyl aminofluorescein conjugate with tubulin (tubulin-DTAF) were injected into cells that had been treated with the MT inhibitor nocodazole. With moderate nocodazole concentration (0.3 μg/ml, 37°C, 4 h) in live cells, CaM-TRITC and tubulin-DTAF concentrated identically on or near the centrosomes and kinetochores. In serial sections of these cells, small MT segments were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in the regions where fluorescent protein had concentrated. When a higher drug concentration was used (3.0 μg/ml, 37°C, 4 h), no regions of CaM-TRITC or tubulin-DTAF localization were observed, and no MTs were observed when serial sections were examined by TEM. However, following release from the high-concentration nocodazole block, CaM-TRITC colocalized with newly formed MTs at the kinetochores and centrosomes. Later in the recovery period, when chromosome-to-pole fibers had formed, CaM association with kinetochores diminished, ultimately attaining its normal pole-proximal association with kinetochore MTs in cells that progressed through mitosis. We interpret these observations as supporting the hypothesis that in the MA, CaM attains a physical association with kinetochore MTs and suggest that CaM-associated MTs may be inherently more stable.
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    Cellular morphogenesis and the formation of marginal bands in amphibian splenic erythroblasts (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 157-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: axolotl ; cell differentiation ; cell shape ; cytoskeleton ; nucleated erythrocyte ; microtubule ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The spleen of Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl) larvae develops as a closed sac containing differentiating nucleated erythrocytes, and is typically isolated from the general circulation for about 10 days post-hatching. Beginning 3-4 days posthatching, it can be removed intact for examination of the morphology and cytoskeletal structure of the erythropoietic cells. In the smallest (earliest) spleens, spheroidal cells predominate, while older ones contain a preponderance of cells exhibiting the flattened elliptical morphology typical of all non-mammalian vertebrate erythrocytes. Most striking in the splenic erythroid population are cells with singly or doubly pointed morphology. Though common in the developing spleen and circulation of young larvae, pointed cells are less frequently encountered in the circulation of older larvae, indicating that they are intermediate stages in the differentiation of spheroids to flattened ellipsoids. This is supported by structural observations on cytoskeletons prepared from the splenic cells. Incomplete singly and doubly pointed marginal bands of microtubules are observed, many of which contain a pair of centrioles within or close to a pointed end, suggestive of organizing center function. The observations are consistent with a sequence of changes in cell morphology from spherical to doubly pointed to singly pointed to flattened ellipse, causally linked to stages of marginal band biogenesis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120305
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    Myofibril assembly is linked with vinculin, α-actinin, and cell-substrate contacts in embryonic cardiac myocytes in vitro (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 185-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: myofibril assembly ; focal contacts ; vinculin ; α-actinin ; connectin ; immunocytochemistry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The relationship of nascent myofibrils with the accumulation of adhesion plaque proteins and the formation of focal cell contacts was studied in embryonic chick cardiac myocytes in vitro. The cultures were double-stained with various combinations of the specific antiactin drug phalloidin and antibodies against vinculin, α-actinin, connectin (titin), myosin heavy chain, fibronectin, and desmin and examined under fluorescence and interference reflection microscopy.In the areas of myofibril assembly, vinculin and α-actinin plaques were formed at the ventral sarcolemmae. These areas overlapped with the sites of cell-to-substrate focal contacts and extracellular fibronectin. Because the myofibrils always ran in a straight line between these sites, polarized lines appeared to be generated within the cells in response to their physical (e.g., stress) and/or biochemical environment (e.g., adhesion plaque proteins). The possible presence of other factors cannot be ruled out for the proper alignment of myofibrils. As soon as myofibrils came to span between these adhesion sites, they exhibited typically mature cross-striated characteristics. Thus, the formation of these inferred lines has some relation to or is in fact necessary for the maturation of myofibrils, in addition to the directional arrangement of sarcomeric proteins.Additionally, synthesis and distribution of myosin and connectin were tightly linked during early developmental (premyofibril and myofibril) stages. The spatial deployment of desmin was not coupled with vinculin. Thus, connectin and desmin do not appear to form the initial scaffold of sarcomeres.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120402
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    Erratum (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 283-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120409
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    Differential localisation of tyrosinated, detyrosinated, and acetylated α-tubulins in neurites and growth cones of dorsal root ganglion neurons (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 273-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytoskeleton ; microtubules ; axons ; sensory neurons ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The comparative distribution of tyrosinated, detyrosinated, and acetylated α-tubulins was examined in neurites of rat dorsal root ganglion neurones in culture using immunofluorescence microscopy. Phase contrast observations of single neurones revealed that the neurites were actively motile, and rhodamine phalloidin staining of actin filaments showed the extent of lamellopodia and microspike projections from the growth cones. From double-labelling experiments using antibodies against tyrosinated, detryrosinated, or acetylated α-tubulin, it was found that the three different isoforms were differentially localised in neurites and growth cones. Detyrosinated and acetylated forms of α-tubulin were in the main restricted to the neurites extending no further than the base of the growth cones. Tyrosinated α-tubulin was, however, distributed throughout the body of the growth cone and into the base of some microspikes. Following treatment with taxol to promote microtubule assembly, detyrosinated and acetylated α-tubulins were found to be colocalised with tyrosinated α-tubulins throughout the growth cones of all cells examined. These results would be consistent with axonal transport of tyrosinated α-tubulin followed by assembly in the growth cone and subsequent detyrosination and acetylation. In addition the presence of unmodified α-tubulin in the growth cone may be necessary for the provision of labile microtubules for growth cone motility and extension.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120408
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    Chemoattractant-elicited translocation of myosin in motile Dictyostelium (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 158-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: chemotaxis ; cAMP ; cytoskeleton ; ameba ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The distribution of myosin was studied in amebae of the Ax-3 and NC-4 strains of Dictyostelium migrating at room temperature, using indirect immunofluorescence of aggregation-competent amebae and the agar-overlay technique. Amebae were fixed in methanol-formaldehyde or absolute acetone at -15°C before or after stimulation with micromolar cyclic AMP at room temperature (20-25°C). Myosin was detected by monoclonal antibodies to Dictyostelium myosin heavy chain followed by a fluorescent secondary antibody that had been preabsorbed to remove nonspecific staining. In both strains there was a striking increase in intensity of anti-myosin immunofluorescence in the cortex where it appeared as a continuous ring 30 seconds after addition of cyclic AMP. This correlated with a rounding up of the cell body. Sixty seconds after stimulation there was a clear reduction of cytoplasmic myosin rods in conjunction with the increased cortical localization. At this time extensions of largely hyaline cytoplasm were observed that extended beyond the cortical shell of myosin. Two minutes after the stimulus the immunofluorescence remained as a distinct line at the cortex, but the cells began to resume in elongated shape. By 3 minutes (NC-4 strain) or 5 minutes (Ax-3 strain) the amebae had largely returned to the control shape, and myosin had returned to its control distribution. Counts of the treated cells at different time points substantiated the observations of individual cells. The time course of translocation of myosin in the Ax-3 strain parallels the time course of myosin phosphorylation reported in previous studies. The results are interpreted in terms of a working hypothesis for the mechanism of translocation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130304
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    Immunolocalization of pericentriolar material in algal mitotic spindles (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 225-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: centrosome ; DAPI ; immunofluorescence ; immunoperoxidase ; microtubules ; mitosis ; scleroderma serum ; tubulin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Double-label immunofluorescence of tubulin and preicentriolar material (PCM) was carried out with mitotic nuclei in the coenocytic green alga Ernodesmis. Spindle poles are heavily labeled with serum 5051 (anti-PCM) from midprophase through mid- to late anaphase, and bright fluorescence is also evident at the tips of the elongated interzonal spindle in telophase nuclei. Very faint labeling with anti-PCM is also detected throughout the spindle (and/or its matrix) at all mitotic stages. Control treatments demonstrated that nonspecific surface labeling of chloroplasts with anti-PCM may be due to some naturally occurring component of human sera rather than to specific labeling by the anti-PCM serum. Ultrastructural work indicates that the centrosome is always associated with spindle poles through anaphase, but not with the tips of the interzonal telophase Immunoper-oxidase electron microscopy verifies that anti-PCM labels the centrosomes of mitotic nuclei in these cells. However, labeling is also present inside the presistent nuclear envelope at the spindle poles, during metaphase, anaphase, and at the tips of the interzonal spindles. Regions of heaviest labeling correspond with amorphous material near the centrioles and at the spindle poles, as evident in conventional electron microscope preparations. The origin of intranuclear amorphous material that labels with anti-PCM is unclear, but the ends of many spindle microtubules are embedded in it, especially at anaphase, and the tips of microtubules near the amorphous material are often labeled with the antiserum. These results indicate for the first time that serum 5051 does indeed label PCM at the poles of centric spindles in plant cells. Although the location of the labeled material suggests it is associated with the nucleation of spindle microtubules, this conclusion requires more information about microtubule dynamics in these cells. Caution is also warranted in interpreting variant anti-PCM labeling patterns in other plant cells because of spurious labeling of the spindle itself and other cytoplasmic organelles.
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    Indirect immunofluorescence localization of ponticulin in motile cells (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 245-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: actin ; actin-binding protein ; plasma membranes ; cytoskeleton ; immunofluorescence microscopy ; cell motility ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ponticulin is the major actin-binding integral glycoprotein in plasma membranes isolated from log-phase Dictyostelium discoideum amebae. As such, this protein appears to be an important link between the plasma membrane and actin filaments (Wuestehube and Luna: Journal of Cell Biology 105:1741-1751, 1987). In this study, indirect immunofluorescence microcopy was used to examine the distribution of ponticulin in randomly moving D. discoideum amebae and in amebae engaged in cell migration and phagocytosis. Ponticulin is distributed throughout the plasma membrane and also is present in intracellular vesicles associated with the microtubule-organizing center-Golgi complex adjacent to the nucleus. In aggreating amebae, ponticulin is concentrated in regions of lateral cell-cell contact and in arched regions of the plasma membrane. Ponticulin also is present, but not obviously enriched, in filopodia, in the actin-rich anterior end of polarized cells, and in detergent-insoluble cytoskeletons. In amebae engaged in phagocytosis of yeast, ponticulin is present but not enriched in phagocytic cups and is associated with intracellular vesicles around engulfed yeast. These results suggest that ponticulin is stably associated with actin filaments in certain regions of the plasma membrace and that the actin-binding activity of ponticulin may be tightly controlled.Indirect immupofluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analysis demonstrate that human polymorphonuclear leukocytes also contain a 17 kD protein that specifically cross-reacts with antibodies affinity-purified aganst D. discoideum ponticulin. As in D. discoideum, the mammalian 17 kD ponticulin-analog appears to be localized in plasma membrane and is evident in actin-rich cell extensions. These results indicate that ponticulin-mediated linkages between the plasma membrane and actin may be present in higher eukaryotic cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130404
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    Reproductive capacity of sea urchin centrosomes without centrioles (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 264-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubules ; microtubule organizing center ; mitosis ; monaster ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: For animal cells, the relative roles of the centrioles and the pericentriolar material (the cenrosomal microtubule organizing center) in controlling the precise doubling of the centrosome before mitosis have not been well defined. To this end we devised an experimental system that allowed us to characterize the capacity of the centrosomal microtubule organizing center to double regularly in the absence of centrioles. Sea urchin eggs were fertilized, stripped of their fertilization envelopes, and fragmented before syngamy. Those activated egg fragments containing just the female pronucleus assembled a monaster at first mitosis. A serial section ultrastructural analysis of such monasters revealed that the radially arrayed microtubules were organized by a hollow fenestrated sphere of electrondense material, of the same appearance as pericentriolar material, that was devoid of centrioles. We followed individual fragments with only a female pronucleus through at least three cell cycles and found that the monasters did not double between mitoses. The observation that fragments with only a male pronucleus repeatedly divided in a normal fashion indicates that the assembly and behavior of monasters were not artifacts of egg fragmentation. Our results demonstrate that the activity that controls the precise doubling of the centrosome before mitosis is distinct and experimentally separable from the centrosomal microtubule organizing center. Our observations also extend the correlation between the reproductive capacity of a centrosome and the number of centrioles it contains (G Sluder and CL Rieder, 1985a: J. Cell Biol. 100:887-896). For a cell that normally has centrioles, we show that a centrosome without centrioles does not reproduce between mitoses.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130405
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    Announcement (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 320-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130409
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    Mitoskelin: A mitochondrial protein found in cytoskeletal preparations (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 274-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: complex I ; mitochondria ; bovine cardiac muscle ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A 70 kD protein, which we have named mitoskelin, is highly enriched in cytoskeletal preparations from bovine cardiac muscle. Mitoskelin has three main variants with isoelectric points between 5.6 and 5.8. Immunoblotting with polyclonal antibodies directed against mitoskelin shows that, like intermediate filament proteins, the majority of mitoskelin resists solubilization from a myocardial homogenate by a series of extraction solutions ranging from very low salt to 0.6 M KI buffers and by 0.1-1% Nonidet P-40 detergent. By double-label immunofluorescence on cells and tissues, mitoskelin is colocalized with the mitochondrial marker cytochrome c oxidase. Mitoskelin is associated with the inner membranes of mitochondria as shown by immunoelectron microscopy and immunoblotting Immunological cross-reactivity and similarities of molecular weight, pI, distribution, and chromatographic properties indicate that mitoskelin is the 70 kD component of complex I (NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase), a portion of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system. No function or activity has yet been demonstrated for the 70 kD component of the 25-polypeptide complex I. Dialysis against physiological buffers allows purified, urea-solubilized mitoskelin to form 10 nm wide filamentous structures that do not closely resemble intermediate filaments. These results suggest the exciting possibility that mitochondria may contain a membrane-associated filamentous skeleton.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130406
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    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140201
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