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  • Modelling
  • Springer  (17)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 2005-2009  (5)
  • 2000-2004  (12)
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
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    MATLAB Recipes for Earth Sciences (2006)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 3, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 329, (ISBN: 3-540-27983-0, XII + 238 p., 77 illus., 13 in colour with CD-ROM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Description: Contents: Data Analysis in Earth Sciences - Introduction to MATLAB - Univariate Statistics - Bivariate Statistics - Time-Series Analysis - Signal Processing - Spatial Data including Digital Elevation Models - Image Processing including Processing and Georeferencing of Satellite Images - Multivariate Statistics; IfGW Uni Potsdam
    Keywords: Data analysis / ~ processing ; Modelling ; software ; Textbook of geophysics ; Statistical investigations ; digital signal analysis (also DSP) ; DSP ; Time series analysis ; Digital elevation model ; geographic ; coordinates ; Mapping ; Toolbox
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    A syn-eruptive ground deformation episode measured by GPS, during the 2001 eruption on the upper southern flank of Mt Etna (2005)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ground deformation occurring on the southern flank of Mt Etna volcano during the JulyAugust 2001 eruption was monitored by GPS measurements along an EW profile crossing the fissure system. This profile was measured eight times during the eruption, using the 'stop and go' semi-kinematic technique. Horizontal and vertical displacements between GPS surveys are reported for each station. The most significant event is a deformation episode occurring during the first week of the eruption, between 2527 July. Displacements were measured on benchmarks close to the eruptive fissure and the tensile 1989 fracture. Data inversions for measured displacements were performed using the Okada model. The model shows the narrowing of the 2001 dyke accompanied by a dextral dislocation along an east-dipping fault, parallel to the 1989 fracture.
    Description: Published
    Description: 336-341
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: GPS ; Ground deformation ; Modelling ; Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.09. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 513 bytes
    Format: 467775 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
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    Developing Tsunami-Resilient Communities (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Amsterdam, Springer, vol. 1, pp. 225, (1-4020-3353-2)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Tsunami(s) ; Earthquake risk ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Review article ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Modelling ; NATHAZ ; measurement, ; tsunami ; model, ; data ; assimilation, ; data ; inversion, ; tsunami ; warning, ; tsunameters, ; forecast, ; hazard ; mitigation
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    A combined geophysical/engineering approach for the seismic safety of long-span bridges (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Berlin, Springer, vol. 105, 223 pp., no. 231, pp. 13-30, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Earthquake risk ; Site amplification ; Strong motions ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Synthetic seismograms ; NOISE ; Nakamura ; Modelling ; Cologne ; DFNK ; Faecke ; Facke
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    Velocity field of the Aegean-Anatolian region from 3D finite element models (2005)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Perspectives in Modern Seismology, London, Springer, vol. 201, no. XVI:, pp. 169-184, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Finite Element Method ; Modelling ; Three dimensional ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    Introduction to Maple, 3rd ed. (2003)
    Springer
    In:  New York, 828 pp., Springer, vol. 16, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 0-387-00230-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Handbook of mathematics ; Modelling ; software ; manual ; computer ; algebra ; symbolic ; mathematics ; MATLAB
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 7
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    Nonlinear Dynamics of the Lithosphere and Earthquake Prediction (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Heidelberg, XIV + 337 pp., Springer, vol. 9, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (ISBN 3-540-43528-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Non-linear effects ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Pattern recognition ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Lithosphere ; complexity ; hierarchical ; dissipative ; system ; static ; Dynamic ; lattice ; Modelling ; synthetic ; Earthquake catalog ; Fault zone ; block ; rotations ; decision ; theory
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling refractory soil organic matter (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 30 (2000), S. 388-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Refractory soil organic matter ; Carbon ; Modelling ; Carbon dioxide sources ; Carbon dioxide sinks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Most models for the turnover of soil organic matter (SOM) include a compartment that is either considered inert, or has a very slow turnover time (refractory SOM; RSOM). The RSOM content of soils varies markedly between sites, and knowledge of its size and variability are essential for determining whether soils behave as sources or sinks of atmospheric CO2. It has also been suggested that the accurate specification of RSOM pools is essential to modelling studies, and that uncertainty in estimates of the size of RSOM pool could be a major source of error in modelling soil organic C. In this paper, current SOM models are reviewed, and approaches to modelling RSOM and its significance are discussed. Simulations of SOM turnover for the Rothamsted Broadbalk winter wheat experiment using the Rothamsted C model and CENTURY are presented as examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050019
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of grain size and second phase particles on the hydrogen occlusivity of iron and steels (2000)
    Springer
    Materials research innovations 3 (2000), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-075X
    Keywords: Key words Steel ; Iron alloys ; Hydrogen ; Second phase ; Segregation ; Grain size ; Microestructure ; Modelling ; Interfacial energy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The trapping of hydrogen by various interfaces in iron and steels has been studied. The hydrogen content of pure iron specimens was found to depend more on hydrogen than those of low angle, and thus specimens with low angle grain boundaries were less susceptible to hydrogen damage. Inclusions and thermo-mechanical treatments were also significant in determining the hydrogen pick-up in iron. A critical volume fraction of inclusions was detected, below which no hydrogen- induced cracking occurred. Ferrite/pearlite and pearlite/pearlite colony interfaces in steel were found to trap hydrogen, whereas the ferrite/comentite interface within the pearlitic colonies had little effect on the hydrogen occlusivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100190000043
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling of solid state voltammetry of immobilized microcrystals assuming an initiation of the electrochemical reaction at a three-phase junction (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of solid state electrochemistry 4 (2000), S. 314-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0768
    Keywords: Key words Voltammetry ; Microparticles ; Modelling ; Three phase junction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The electrochemical reduction of a solid compound characterized by mixed ionic/electronic conductivity, immobilized on an electrode surface and in contact with an electrolyte solution, has been studied theoretically. The uptake or expulsion of electrons and electrolyte cation is coupled to maintain electroneutrality and is assumed to obey Fick's law of diffusion. Starting with the fully oxidized species, the simultaneous uptake of cations and electrons will be possible at the three-phase junction only, where electrode, solid and electrolyte solution meet. From this point, electrons and cations diffuse perpendicularly into the crystal lattice. The reaction zone grows owing to the formation of the electronically and ionically conducting reduced product. Two- and three-dimensional models have been utilized to simulate the diffusion and the current flow in response to an applied potential step. The resulting chronoamperometric curves have been analyzed with the help of fitting procedures. Under certain conditions, a transition of the three-phase reaction to a pure two-phase reaction occurs. This transition to a two-phase condition is the reason that a number of equations for the exhaustive conversion are similar to those known for planar diffusion, for example. To illustrate this, and for a better understanding of the phenomena, concentration profiles are presented for different degrees of the reaction and for varied simulation conditions. It is demonstrated how geometrical properties like crystal shape (cuboid with x ≠ y ≠ z) and crystal size as well as physical properties, e.g. the diffusion coefficients, govern the electrochemical behavior of mixed ionic/electronic conductors and form the basis of the current-time functions. The numerical simulation of a two-dimensional semi-infinite model of the reaction at the three-phase junction gives results comparable to an algebraical approach. The finite-difference method turned out to be suitable to solve the problems arising from the three-dimensional and finite diffusion conditions and from different crystal shapes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100080000130
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat flow and gas hydrates of the Baikal Rift Zone (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 89 (2000), S. 193-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Key words Baikal ; Gas hydrate ; Heat flow ; Geodynamics ; Tectonics ; Modelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Multi-channel seismic studies (MCS), performed during a Russian expedition in 1989 and a joint Russian-American expedition in 1992, have for the first time revealed a “bottom simulating reflector” (BSR) in Lake Baikal. These data have shown that gas hydrates occur in the southern and central basins of Lake Baikal in those places where the water depth exceeds 500–700 m. Four types of tectonic influence on the distribution of the gas hydrate were revealed: (a) Modern faults displace the BSR as they do with normal seismic boundaries. (b) Older faults displace normal reflectors, whereas the BSR is not displaced. (c) Modern faults form zones, where the BSR has been totally destroyed. (4) Processes that occur within older fault zones situated close to the base of the hydrated sediment layer lead to undulations of the BSR. The thickness of the hydrate stability field (inferred from seismic data) ranges between 35 and 450 m. Heat-flow values determined from BSR data range from 48 to 119 mW/m2. A comparison between heat-flow values from BSR data and values measured directly on the lake bottom shows an overall coincidence. Changes in water level and bottom-water temperature that occurred in the past have had no noticeable influence on the present BSR depths or heat-flow values. Determination of deep heat flow from BSR data is in this case more reliable than by direct measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005319900071
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrochemical characterization of acute acid mine drainage at Iron Duke mine, Mazowe, Zimbabwe (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (2000), S. 272-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Acid mine drainage ; Hydrochemistry ; Modelling ; Zimbabwe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Acid mine drainage (AMD) with a minimum pH of 0.52 was recorded at Iron Duke mine near Mazowe, Zimbabwe during an investigation of the environmental geochemistry of mine waters in the Greenstone Belts of Zimbabwe. Hydrochemical data for waters emanating from the Iron Duke waste-rock pile indicate their super-saturation with respect to Fe and SO4 2–. Extremely high dissolved concentrations of Al, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, V, Cr, Cd and As also prevail. Substantial losses of metals from solution occur within 400 m of the AMD source through the precipitation of crystalline sulphates, principally melanterite. Further downstream, hydrous oxide precipitation forms the dominant mechanism of metal attenuation in waters characteristically under-saturated with respect to Fe sulphates. Speciation and saturation index data generated using the equilibrium model WATEQ4F, suggest that such codes have broad utility for generic prediction of the mineralogical contraints on metal mobility in acute AMD systems. Major discrepancies between modelled and empirical hydrochemistries are, however, evident for super-saturated waters in which the kinetics of Fe precipitation are slow, and in which total ionic strengths markedly exceed their theoretical maximum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050006
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling the spread of pollen from Lolium perenne. The implications for the release of wind-pollinated transgenics (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 971-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Pollen dispersal ; Lolium perenne ; Modelling ; Transgenics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The dispersal of pollen from a Lolium perenne source has previously been described using various Gaussian plume models which take distance and wind direction into account. One of these models is used here to calculate, using integration, possible pollen deposition onto small conspecific populations a kilometer from the source. The percentage of immigrant pollen is compared for six different sets of parameter values previously estimated from pollen-dispersal experiments. The source size is then scaled up to simulate what might happen if transgenic ryegrass was grown on a large scale. In this case it is seen that small conspecific populations might, in some conditions, be swamped by immigrant pollen, even if they are not directly downwind of the source. The implications of this are discussed in terms of assessing and managing the risks of releasing wind-pollinated transgenic crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051378
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radio frequency perforation of cardiac tissue: Modelling and experimental results (2000)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 38 (2000), S. 575-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Pulmonary atresia ; Radio-frequency perforation ; Catheter ; Modelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Radio frequency (RF) current delivered through a thin catheter can be used to perforate the pulmonary valve or the atrial septum to treat pulmonary atresia in newborns. To understand better the mechanisms of RF perforation, a numerical model is developed, and experiments are performed in isolated canine cardiac tissue. The model consists of a cylindrical domain with a tissue layer between two blood layers. The finite-difference method is used to compute both the potential and temperature distributions. When the tissue temperature exceeds 100°C in all points that are directly in front of the catheter, these points are considered to be instantly vaporised, and the catheter advances over these points. The computed temperature time course coincides with measured temperature at small voltages (〈16 V). Simulated perforation occurs when the voltage exceeds a threshold of 70–80V for a catheter diameter of 0.30–0.44 mm, which coincides with experimental observations in the myocardium. A voltage exceeding this perforation threshold tends to decrease tissue damage. Shorter electrodes (0.7 mm as against 2.4 mm) with smaller diameters produce a more rapid perforation. In conclusion, numerical simulations provide insights into aspects of RF perforation, such as electrode size, current, speed of perforation and collateral damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02345756
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of femoral neck anteversion in 3D. Part 2:3D modelling method (2000)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 38 (2000), S. 610-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Femoral anteversion ; 3D ; Modelling ; Measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Femoral neck anteversion is the torsion of the femoral head with reference to the distal femur. Conventional methods that use cross-sectional computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance or ultrasound images to estimate femoral anteversion have met with several problems owing to the complex three-dimensional (3D) structure of the femur. A 3D imaging method has been developed that virtually measures femoral anteversion on the 3D computer space with continuous CT slices; this 3D method provides more accurate and reliable results than conventional 2D CT measurements. A 3D modelling method is devised for the measurement of femoral neck anteversion. This method has advantages over the 3D imaging method, such as shorter processing time, reduced number of slices and an objective result compared with the 3D imaging method. The results of the 3D modelling method are compared with the conventional CT methods (2D CT method and 3D imaging method) using 20 dried femurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344865
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Derivation of extracellular fluid volume fraction and equivalent dielectric constant of the cell membrane from dielectric properties of the human body. Part 1: Incorporation of fat tissue into cell suspension model in the arm (2000)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 38 (2000), S. 377-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Dielectric property ; Human body ; Modelling ; Cell suspension ; Dielectric constant ; Cell membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The non-invasive characterisation of cell pathophysiology is clinically important. A cell suspension model is applied to derive the extracellular fluid (ECF) volume fraction and the equivalent dielectric constant of the cell membrane ɛm from the dielectric properties of human arms. Frequency-dependent dielectric constants and electrical conductivities of arms are obtained from 35 surgical patients over a frequency range of 5–1000 kHz. The cell suspension model is applied to fit the data using a complex non-linear least-squares method. The arms show typical dielectric dispersions, although the cell suspension model yields a poor fitting in dielectric constants at lower frequencies and electrical conductivities at higher frequencies. In contrast, a new cell suspension model, taking into account the fat tissue component, remarkably improves the overall fitting performance, allowing estimation of the volume fractions of ECF (0.34±0.05) and fat tissue (0.16±0.04) and the equivalent ɛm (23±9). The resulting estimates of the volume fraction of fat tissue are in good correlation with arm skinfold thickness (fat volume fraction of arm=2.42×10−3×arm skinfold thickness (mm)+0.099, R=0.756, p〈0.0001). Therefore it is concluded that the newly derived cell suspension model is well suited for the description of the dielectric properties of human tissues and thus the derivation of the ECF volume fraction and equivalent ɛm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02345005
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  • 17
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    Methods and Applications of Inversion (2000)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, 306 pp., Springer, vol. 2, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN: 0-387-30752-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Textbook of geology ; Textbook of mathematics ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Modelling ; Inversion
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
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