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  • Other Sources  (842)
  • Wiley  (630)
  • GEOMAR  (118)
  • Physika-Verlag, Würzburg  (94)
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  • 2015-2019  (842)
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  • 1
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS : FUCHS, K.: Investigation on the Wave Propagation in Wedge-shaped Media . . . 51 ; CHATTERJEE, N. D.: Paläomagnetische Untersuchungen an ladinischen Eruptiven der westlichen Dolomiten, Norditalien . . . 90 ; Vorlesungsverzeichnis . . . 107 ; Buchbesprechungen . . . 111 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Geomagnetismus ; Vulkanismus ; waves ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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  • 2
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS : FRIEDRICH BURMEISTER zum 75. Geburtstag . . . 227 ; DEMNATI, A. und G. DOHR: Reflexionsseismische Tiefensondierungen im Bereich des Oberrheintalgrabens und des Kraichgaues . . . 229 ; GUTDEUTSCH, R. und M. KOENIG: Über die Signalgeschwindigkeit gebeugter elastischer Wellen . . . 246 ; TÄRCZY-HORNOCH, A.: Über die Genauigkeit der berechneten durchschnittlichen Geschwindigkeit bei der seismischen Reflexionsmethode . . . 260 ; Briefe an den Herausgeber . . . 273 ; Verzeichnis der geophysikalischen Vorlesungen (Wintersemester 1965/66) . . . 276 ; Mitteilung . . . 280 ; Buchbesprechungen . . . 281 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Seismik ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 3
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 GEOGR PHYS 203
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Lucke, O.: Die dynamischen Gleichungen des Plasmas in der Magnetosphäre (S. 105); Irsraël, H.: On the Sun-Rise Effect of Sferics Activity at 27 kc (S. 138); Bosum, W.: Erdmagnetische Messungen im Deckdiabasgebiet der Dillmulde und ihre Auswertung (S. 144); Wilhelm Schweydar † (K. Jung) (S. 158).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Geomagnetismus ; Magnetosphäre ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 4
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Harth, W.: VLF-Atmospherics ‒ Ihre Messung und ihre Interpretation (S. 815); Kremser, G., A. Korth, K. H. Saeger, P. A. Jensen, V. N. Jensen, J. Taagholt: On the Longitudinal Extension of Electron Precipitation During Magnetospheric Substorms (S. 815); Stüdemann, W.: Untersuchung der Richtungsverteilung energiereicher Elektronen und Protonen im Morgensektor der Polarlichtzone während erhöhten Teilcheneinfalles (S. 863); Klostermeyer, J.: Influence of Viscosity, Thermal Conduction, and Ion Drag on the Propagation of Atmospheric Gravity Waves in the Thermosphere (S. 881); Schmidt, G.: Determination of the Height of Ionospheric Irregularities with the Holographic Method (S. 891); Eichmeier, J.: Vergleich der Beweglichkeitsspektren von „natürlichen“ Luftionen und der verwendeten Meßverfahren (S. 915); Kohnen, H.: Über die Beziehung zwischen seismischen Geschwindigkeiten und der Dichte in Firn und Eis (S. 925); D. Heye und H. Meyer: Ein Meßverfahren zur paläomagnetischen Messung an Tiefseesedimentkernen an Bord eines Schiffes (S. 937); Ernstson, K.: Geoelektrische Messungen im Nördlinger Ries ‒ Zum Verlauf des inneren Walls (S. 949); ‒ Brief an den Herausgeber ‒ R. Kramm, K. Schlegel and W. Weiss: Partial Reflection Measurements with FM-CW ‒ A Preliminary Investigation (S. 953); ‒ Brief an den Herausgeber ‒ Losecke, W.: Über die Bestimmung von Salzstockgrenzflächen mit Hilfe der Magnetotellurik (S. 959); Buchbesprechungen (S. 963).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Aurora ; Geoelektrik ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravitation ; Magnetosphäre ; Ozeanografie ; Paläomagnetismus ; Sedimente ; Seismik ; Tiefsee ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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  • 5
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 GEOGR PHYS 203
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Rastogi, R. G.: Some Aspects of the F2 Region at Medium Latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (S. 217); Freiburg, Ch. und W. Kertz: Anordnung von Stabmagneten zur Erzeugung homogener Feldbereiche (S. 227); Schulz, G.: Über ein Refraktionsproblem (S. 236); Haalck, F. und R. Schulze: Die mit dem UTM erreichbare Genauigkeit (S. 246); Brockamp, B.: Zur hypsographischen Kurve des Mondes (S. 271).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Geodäsie ; Ionosphäre ; Magnetismus ; Mond ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 6
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS : SCHEUBE, H.-G. und J. UNTIEDT: Magnetische Messungen in der Rhön im Rahmen einer Studienfahrt . . . 283 ; HEINRICH, H.: Elastische Wellen in Eis . . . 293 ; SCHEIDEGGER, A. E.: Großtektonische Bedeutung von Erdbebenherdmechanismen . . . 300 ; Voos, K.: Über die Gestalt und das Schwerefeld der Erde . . . 313 ; PLAUMANN, S.: Berechnung der Schwerewirkung beliebig geformter dreidimensionaler Massen mit Hilfe von Auszähldiagrammen . . . 327 ; MEITZNER,W.: Zur Anwendung der FÖRSTER-Sonde bei gesteinsmagnetischen Arbeiten . . . 332 ; SOFFEL, H.: Magnetic domains of polycrystalline natural magnetite . . . 345 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Erdbeben ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravitation ; Magnetismus ; Mineralogie ; Wellen
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 7
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis : Übersichtsartikel: ENGELHARD, L.: Absorptionszellen-Magnetometer . . . l ; MÜLLER, H. J: Suche nach einer systematischen Änderung im Laufe des Jahres in der Phase der zweiten Harmonischen der täglichen Variation der kosmischen Strahlung . . . 39 ; CASTEN, U. and H. HIRSCHLEBER: Seismic Measurements in Jutland 1969 . . . 47 ; DRESEN, L.: Amplitudenuntersuchungen an seismischen Wellen zur Charakterisierung von Verwitterungsschichten mit vertikalem Geschwindigkeitsanstieg . . . 71 ; FUCHS, K: The Method of Stationary Phase Applied to the Reflection of Spherical Waves from Transition Zones with Arbitrary Depth-Dependent Elastic Moduli and Density . . . 89 ; HÄNEL, R.: Bestimmungen der terrestrischen Warmestromdichte in Deutschland . . . 119 , HÉDERVÁRI, P.: Map of Tectonic Flux of Japan . . . 135 ; Briefe an den Herausgeber: KIND, R.: Berechnung der Quellenfunktion einer Explosion im Flachwasser mittels einer Dekonvolutionsmethode . . . 141 ; WEICHERT, D. H.: Short-Period Spectral Discriminant for Earthquake-Explosion Differentiation . . . 147 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Aurora ; Azur Satellit ; Erdkern ; Geoelektrik ; Geologie ; Geomagnetismus ; Ionosphäre ; Seismik ; Strahlung ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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  • 8
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Probleme des Gesteins- und Paläomagnetismus. INHALTSVERZEICHNIS : SOFFEL, H.‚und N. PETERSEN: Vorwort . . . 303 ; BLEIL, U.: Cation Distribution in Titanomagnetites . . . 305 ; O’REILLY, W.‚ and P. W. READMAN: The Preparation and Unimixing of Cation Deficient Titanomagnetites . . . 321 ; READMAN, P. W., and W. O’REILLY: Oxidation Processes in Titanomagnetites . . . 329 ; PRÉVOT, M.: A Method for Identifying Naturally Occuring Titanomagnetites . . . . 339 ; PUCHER, R.: Magnetic and X-Ray Diffraction Measurements of the Synthetic Spinel System FeFe2O4 — MgFe2O4 — NiFe2O4 . . . . 349 ; SCHULT, A.: On the Strength of Exchange Interactions in Titanomagnetites and its Relation to Self-Reversal of Magnetization . . . . 357 ; HARGRAVES, R. B.‚ and N. PETERSEN: Notes on the Correlation between Petrology and Magnetic Properties of Basaltic Rocks . . . 367 ; CREER, K. M.: Geophysical Interpretation of Remanent Magnetization in Oxidized Basalts . . . 383 ; HEDLEY, I. G.: The Weak Ferromagnetism of Geothite . . . . 409 ; SCHMIDBAUER, E.: Magnetization of Fe-Cr Spinels and its Application for the Identification of Such Ferrites in Rocks . . . 421 ; SCHMIDBAUER, E.: Electrical Resistivity of Fe-Cr Spinels . . . 425 ; MANSON, A. J. : Rotational Hysteresis Measurements on Oxidized Synthetic and Natural Titanomagnetites . . . 431 ; ANDERS, W.: Untersuchung von Gesteinen mit ferrimagnetischen Mineralen mittels der Resonanz der Spin-Präzession der die Erscheinung des Ferromagnetismus bewirkenden Elektronen . . . 443 ; SOFFEL, H.: The Single Domain — Multidomain Transition in Natural Intermediate Titanomagnetites . . . 451 ; BIQUAND, D. ‚ and M. PRÉVOT: A.F.-Demagnetization of Viscous Remanent Magnetization in Rocks . . . 471 ; STORETVEDT, K. M.: Some Paleomagnetic Problems of Strongly Oxidized Rocks . . . 487 ; BUREK, P. J.: An Advanced Device for Chemical Demagnetization of Red Beds . . . 493 ; MARKERT, H., and N. STEIGENBERGER: On the Size Distribution of Submicroscopic Magnetite and Titanomagnetite Fine Particles in Basalt . . . 499 ; SOFFEL, H.: The Effect of Radiation with Fast Neutrons on the Saturation Remanence of a Basalt . . . 519 ; MARKERT, H.: On Some Magnetic and Magneto-Optic Properties to be Studied on Fine Precipitations in Glasses . . . 525 ; POHL, J.: On the Origin of the Magnetization of Impact Breccias on Earth . . . 549 ; HELLER, F.: Remanent Magnetization of the Bergell Granite . . .557 ; MÄUSSNEST, O.: Anomalien des erdmagnetischen Feldes im Gebiet der jungen Vulkane Südwestdeutschlands . . . 573 ; BOCK, G.‚ and H. STOFFEL: Paleomagnetic Investigation on Igneous Rocks from the Rhön, Germany . . . 581 ; WAGNER, J. J.: Rockmagnetic Studies on Ophiolites from Montgenevre (French-Italian Alps) . . . 589 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Alpen ; Geomagnetismus ; Magnetismus ; Paleomagnetism ; Petrologie ; Rhön ; Strahlung ; Vulkanismus ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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  • 9
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS : GUTLINO, G.: Ausbau eines Wechsellichtmonochromators und seine Anwendung zur Messung des Luftleuchtens während der Dämmerung und in der Nacht . . . 115 ; RAHMAN, A.: A New Type of Wave Discovered in the Schlieren Photographs . . . 146 ; KUHN, W.: Zur Theorie der endlichen elastischen Verschiebungen und ihre Anwendung auf isotrope elastische Körper, die unter beliebigen Anfangsverzerrungen stehen . . . 159 ; MÜNCH, J. Das Auftreten von pc-Pulsationen des erdmagnetischen Feldes in Abhängigkeit von der erdmagnetischen Aktivität . . . 192 ; DUTTA. S.: Note on the Propagation of Love-Waves in a Two-Layer Heterogeneous Medium . . . 200 ; EDER, G.: Der Zuwachs des Erdradius . . . 206 ; STILLER, H. und H. VOLLSTÄDT: Bestimmung ferri- und antiferromagnetischer CURIE-Temperaturen mittels Differentialthermoanalye . . . 212 ; Briefe an den Herausgeber . . . 219 ; Mitteilungen . . . 222 ; Buchbesprechung . . . 223 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Geomagnetismus ; Licht ; Magnetismus ; Mechanik ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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  • 10
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält Artikel zu Themengebieten des Erdmagnetismus und der Ionosphäre, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1970.
    Description: 〈ul style="line-height:2;"〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0004.pdf"〉Heft 1〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0005.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0006.pdf"〉Inhaltsverzeichnis 〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0007.pdf"〉[Impressum]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0008.pdf"〉Satellite Techniques for Observing Water Vapor-Height Profiles (Bolle, H.-J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0015.pdf"〉Time Variation of Low Energy Protons in the Inner Radiation Belt (Achtermann, E., Freden, S. C., Hovestadt, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Solarer Wind und Halbjahreswelle der erdmagnetischen Aktivität (Siebert, M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0019.pdf"〉A Method for the Interpretation of Ionospheric Absorption Measurements during the Sunrise Effect in the D-Region (Cumme, G., Knuth, R., Wagner, C.-U.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Simultane Beobachtungen verschiedener ionosphärischer Phänomene während des erdmagnetischen Sturmes vom 31. Oktober bis 2. November 1968 (Czechowsky, P., Kochan, H., Lange-Hesse, G., Lauche, H., Möller, H. G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Laufzeitanomalien von P-Wellen, beobachtet an den Stationen Stuttgart und Strasbourg (Röwer, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0027.pdf"〉Buchbesprechungen (Israël, H., Roesner, H. A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0028.pdf"〉[Werbung]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/ul〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGG
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Erdmagnetismus ; Geomagnetismus ; Ionosphäre ; Ionosphere ; Strahlung ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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  • 11
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Raschke, E.: Die Strahlungsbilanz des Systems Erde-Atmosphäre — neuere Ergebnisse von Satellitenmessungen (S. 967); Harjes, H.-P.: Seismic Waves in Inhomogeneous Media (S. 1001); Haenel, R.: Heat Flow Measurements in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden (S. 1035); ‒ Brief an den Herausgeber ‒ G. WINTERER: Messung der Horizontalkomponente der elektrostatischen Feldstärke in der niederen Atmosphäre (S. 1049); ‒ Brief an den Herausgeber ‒ D. HEYE,: Ein Meßverfahren zur paläomagnetischen Untersuchung von Lockersedimenten im Gelände (S. 1055); ‒ Brief an den Herausgeber ‒ S. THYSSEN-BORNEMISZA,: Possible Improvement of Seismic Signal to Noise Ratio by Vertical Gravity Gradients (S. 1059).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Geoelektrik ; Gravitation ; Sedimente ; Seismik ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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  • 12
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Übersichtsartikel: Dohr, G.: Reflexionsseismische Tiefensondierung (S. 193); Behle, A., W. Ehrismann, J. Makris, H. Menzel, O. Rosenbach und P. Steinhauser: Gravimetrische Untersuchungen in den Ostalpen II (Meßgebiet Salzburg ‒ Kärnten ‒ Tirol) (S. 221); Grafarend, E.: Isotropietests von Lotabweichungsverteilungen in Westdeutschland II (S. 243); Weidelt, P.: The Inverse Problem of Geomagnetic Induction (S. 257); Böhm, J.: Measurements of MeV-Electrons During the Recovery-Phase of a Polar Magnetic Substorm on March 6, 1970 (S. 291); Voigt, G.-H.: A Three Dimensional, Analytical Magnetospheric Model With Defined Magnetopause (S. 319); In memoriam KARL JUNG (S. 347); Buchbesprechungen (S. 351).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravitation ; Magnetosphäre ; Seismik ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 13
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1970.
    Description: 〈ul style="line-height:2;"〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0113.pdf"〉Heft 5〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0114.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0115.pdf"〉Inhaltsverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0116.pdf"〉[Impressum]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0117.pdf"〉A Possible Scattering Mechanism for Lunar Seismic Waves (Berckhemer, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0119.pdf"〉On the Determination of Velocity Depth Distributions of Elastic Waves from the Dynamic Characteristics of the Reflected Wave Field (Fuchs, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0125.pdf"〉Auswertung seeseismischer Messungen mit einer digitalen Methode unter Anwendung der Theorie der Schallwellenausbreitung im Flachwasser (Kind, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0128.pdf"〉On Chemical Magnetization in Some Permian Lava Flows of Southern Norway (Storetvedt, K. M., Petersen, N.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0132.pdf"〉Auswertung von Gravimeter-Messungen in der Münchberger Gneismasse längs eines Profils von Konradsreuth nach Niederlamitz (Soffel, H., Peters, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0133.pdf"〉Deutung der Schwereanomalien im Nördlinger Ries (Kahle, H.-G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0135.pdf"〉Eine Methode zur direkten Bestimmung der sogenannten "Geometrischen Tortuosität" (Bitterlich, W., Wöbking, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0137.pdf"〉Observations With Synchronously-Offset Beams on a 77 km path at 1.8 and 4 cm (Jeske, H., Seehars, H. D., Pucher, G., Cassebaum, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0139.pdf"〉Scattering of Seismic Waves and Lunar Seismograms (Strobach, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0140.pdf"〉Berechnung eines Stromsystems in der Polaren E-Region (Czechowsky, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0141.pdf"〉Mitteilung〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0142.pdf"〉Buchbesprechungen (Zürn, W., Seiler, E., Theile, B., Diem, Walk, )〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0143.pdf"〉[Werbung]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/ul〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGG
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Erdmagnetismus ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravitation ; Gravimetrie ; Seismik ; Seismology ; Strahlung ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 14
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 GEOGR PHYS 203
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Behrens, J.:Refraktionsseismische Messungen auf See (S. 161); Bosum, W.: Erdmagnetische Messungen im Deckdiabasgebiet der Dillmulde und ihre Auswertung [Fortsetzung] (S. 177).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Geomagnetismus ; Seismik ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 15
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis : Übersichtsartikel: GEYH, M. A.: Der Radiokohlenstoff und seine Rolle in der geowissenschaftlichen Forschung . . . 909 ; FUCHS, K., D. MAYER-ROSA, and F. LIEBAU: Lateral Inhomogenities of the Earth‘s Mantle and Their Petrological Interpretation . . . 937 ; FIELITZ, K.: Elastische Wellengeschwindigkeiten in verschiedenen Gesteinen unter hohem Druck und bei Temperaturen bis 750 °C . . . 943 ; PARTSCH, W.: Ein gravimetrisches Modell der Erdkruste im Gebiet der Ostalpen . . . 957 ; HAENEL, R.: Heat Flow Measurements and a First Flow Map of Germany . . . 975 ; FLACH, D., O. ROSENBACH, and H. WILHELM: Tidal Analyses of Simulation Records Taken ba Two Askania Borehole Tiltmeters . . . 993 ; FLACH, D., G. JENTZSCH, O. ROSENBACH, and H. WILHELM: Ball-Calibration of the Askania Borehole Tiltmeter (Earth Tide Pendulum) . . . 1005 ; RICHTER, I.: Eine Gradientschicht im oberen Teil der Erdkruste als Wellenleiter von Raumwellen . . . 1013 ; BJÖRNSSON, A., O. HILDEBRAND, and H. VOELKER: First Observational Results of Geomagnetic pi2 and pc5 Pulsations on a North-South Profile through Europe . . . 1031 ; KOTADIA, K. M., and B. M. PATEL: Ionosperic Absorption of Radio Waves on 1.725 MHz and the Winter Anomaly during Sunspot Minimum . . . 1043 ; MÜHLEISEN, R., H.-J. FISCHER and H. HOFMANN: Horizontal Electric Fields in Ionosphere Derived from Air Electric Measurements . . . 1055 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Alpen ; Alps ; Askania Borehole Tiltmeter ; C-14 ; Earth’s Mantle ; Erdmantel ; Geomagnetismus ; Geothermie ; Geothermics ; Ionosphäre ; Ionosphere ; Luftelektrizität ; Tiden ; waves ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 16
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis : Übersichtsartikel: ENGELHARD, L.: Absorptionszellen-Magnetometer . . . l ; MÜLLER, H. J: Suche nach einer systematischen Änderung im Laufe des Jahres in der Phase der zweiten Harmonischen der täglichen Variation der kosmischen Strahlung . . . 39 ; CASTEN, U. and H. HIRSCHLEBER: Seismic Measurements in Jutland 1969 . . . 47 ; DRESEN, L.: Amplitudenuntersuchungen an seismischen Wellen zur Charakterisierung von Verwitterungsschichten mit vertikalem Geschwindigkeitsanstieg . . . 71 ; FUCHS, K: The Method of Stationary Phase Applied to the Reflection of Spherical Waves from Transition Zones with Arbitrary Depth-Dependent Elastic Moduli and Density . . . 89 ; HÄNEL, R.: Bestimmungen der terrestrischen Warmestromdichte in Deutschland . . . 119 , HÉDERVÁRI, P.: Map of Tectonic Flux of Japan . . . 135 ; Briefe an den Herausgeber: KIND, R.: Berechnung der Quellenfunktion einer Explosion im Flachwasser mittels einer Dekonvolutionsmethode . . . 141 ; WEICHERT, D. H.: Short-Period Spectral Discriminant for Earthquake-Explosion Differentiation . . . 147 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Geothermie ; Magnetismus ; Seismik ; Strahlung ; Tektonik ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 17
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis : STUKENBRÖKER, B.: Ergebnisse von Erdgezeiten-Parallelregistrierungen mit drei ASKANIA-Gravimetern . . . 1 ; DRIMMEL, J., G. GANGL, R. GUTDEUTSCH, M. KOENIG und E. TRAPP: Modellseismische Experimente zur Interpretation makroseismischer Daten aus dem Bereich der Ostalpen . . . 21 ; BORM, G.: Solutions of Boundary Value Problems of Multilayer Analogs of Geoelectrics and Hydrology . . . 41 ; JACOBY, W. R.: Isostasie und Dichteverteilung in Kruste und oberem Mantel . . . . . . 79 ; BUNTEBARTH, G.: Modellberechnungen zur Temperatur-Tiefen-Verteilung im Bereich der Alpen und des Alpenvorlandes . . . 97 ; BUNTEBARTH, G.: Über die Größe der thermisch bedingten Bouguer-Anomalie in den Alpen . . . 109 ; EHRISMANN‚ W.‚ W. LEPPICH, O. LETTAU, O. ROSENBACH und P. STEINHAUSER: Gravimetrische Detail-Untersuchungen in den westlichen Hohen Tauern . . . 115 ; EHRISMANN, W.: Ein allgemeines Verfahren zur digitalen Berechnung der Schwerewirkung von Modellkörpern . . . 131 ; KAHLE, H.-G., and M. TALWANI: Gravimetric Indian Ocean Geoid . . . 167 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Alpen ; Alpenvorland ; Erdmantel ; Geoelectrics ; Geoelektrik ; Gravimetrie ; Gravitation ; Hohen Tauern ; Hydrologie ; Hydrology ; Indian Ocean ; Seismik ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 18
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: 〈b〉Inhaltsverzeichnis :〈/b〉 〈br /〉 Übersichtsartikel: EIDEN, R. und G. ESCHELBACH: Das atmosphärische Aerosol und seine Bedeutung für den Energiehaushalt der Atmosphäre . . . 189 〈br /〉 MÜLLER, G.: Theoretical Body Wave Seismograms for Media with Spherical Symmetry — Discussion and Comparison of Approximate Methods . . . 229 〈br /〉 SCHICK, R., and M. RIUSCETTI: An Analysis of Volcanic Tremors at South Italian Volcanoes . . . 247 〈br /〉 FRÖHLICH, R. K.: Combined Magnetic and Geoelectrical Investigations over Lava Flows in the Volcanic Zone of the Laacher See, West Germany . . . 263 〈br /〉 MAKRIS, J., J. ZIMMERMANN, H. C. BACHEM, and B. RITTER: Gravity Survey of South AFAR, Ethiopia . . . 279 〈br /〉 BRÜCKL, E., und W. FÜRLINGER: Ein Vergleich von geologischen Gefügeaufnahmen mit seismischen Messungen . . . 291 〈br /〉 As, J. A.: The Compensation Method for Measuring the Components of the Earth’s Magnetic Field . . . 303 〈br /〉 Briefe an den Herausgeber: FUCHS, K.: The Fine Structure of the Lower Lithosphere — a Possible Marker for its Vertical Deformation . . . 313 〈br /〉 LAUDATIO zur Verleihung der Emil-Wiechert-Medaille an Prof. Dr. LUDWIG BIERMANN . . . 317 〈br /〉 In memoriom GÜNTER DIETRICH . . . 319 〈br /〉
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Deformation ; Ethiopia ; Geoelectrics ; Geomagnetism ; Geomagnetismus ; Germany ; Gravitation ; Gravity ; Italy ; Laacher See ; Lithosphere ; Seismik ; Seismics ; Volcanism ; Vulkanismus ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 19
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält Artikel zu Themengebieten des Erdmagnetismus und der Ionosphäre, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1970.
    Description: 〈ul style="line-height:2;"〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0088.pdf"〉Heft 4〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0089.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0090.pdf"〉Inhaltsverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0091.pdf"〉[Impressum]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0092.pdf"〉Geophysics and Germany, Men and Enterprises (Chapman, S.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0093.pdf"〉Investigation of the Auroral Electrojet (Heinrich, H., Reimer, D., Siemann, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0095.pdf"〉Plasmamessungen im Polarlicht-Elektrojet und daraus erschlossene elektrische Felder (Kist, R., Spenner, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0097.pdf"〉Polarisationsmessungen an künstlichen Bariumwolken (Möller, G. F., Haser, L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0098.pdf"〉Der Forschungssatellit AZUR (Keppler, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0101.pdf"〉Crustal Structure of the Western United States from Seismic-Refraction Measurements in Comparison with Central European Results (Prodehl, C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0105.pdf"〉MARS 66. Eine Magnetbandapparatur für seismische Tiefensondierung (Berckheimer, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0109.pdf"〉Recordings with Askania Gravimeters Before and After Important Earthquakes (Kizawa, T.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0111.pdf"〉Ergänzung zu "In memoriam Otto Lucke" (Heft 6/1969, S. 6-8) (Fanselau, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0112.pdf"〉[Werbung]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/ul〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGG
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Erdmagnetismus ; Geomagnetismus ; Geophysik ; Ionosphäre ; Ionosphere ; Seismik ; Seismology ; Strahlung ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 20
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 GEOGR PHYS 203
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Berckhemer H, und W. Hiller: Kurzperiodische Stationsseismographen mit Trägerfrequenzverstärker und mechanischer Registrierung (S. 1); Brockhaus, K. und H. C. Joksch. Bestimmung der hypsometrischen Kurve des Mondes aus Beobachtungen von J. Franz (S. 9); Behnke, Cl.: Über Speicherung mehrerer durch Flüssigkeitsfunken erzeugter seismischer Impulse auf einem einzigen magnetischen Tonträger (S. 24); Kautzleben, H.: Ergänzung zur Arbeit: Über das geomagnetische Normalfeld nach Fanselau (S. 41); Lucke, 0.: Bemerkungen zur Dissertation von A. Vogel: Über die Unregelmäßigkeiten der äußeren Begrenzung des Erdkerns (S. 50).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Erdkern ; Geomagnetismus ; Mond ; Seismik ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 21
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1970.
    Description: 〈ul style="line-height:2;"〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Heft 2〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Inhaltsverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0032.pdf"〉[Impressum]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0033.pdf"〉The Influence of the Dislocation Density and Inclusions on the Coercive Force of Multidomain Titanomagnetites of the Composition 0.65 Fe₂TiO₄ 0.35 Fe₃0₄ in Basalts as Deduced from Domain Structure Observations (Soffel, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0036.pdf"〉Sonneneruptionseffekte in der Ionosphäre beobachtet in Lindau zwischen dem 27. Oktober und 2. November 1968 (Schwentek, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Elektronendichte-Messungen in der Ionosphäre mit einer neuartigen Hochfrequenz-Impedanzsonde (Melzner, F., Rabben, H. H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Über die Pitchwinkelverteilung von Elektronenflüssen mit Energien E〉40 keV in der Polarlichtzone (Rossberg, L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Raketenexperiment zur Untersuchung von Nordlichtern. Messergebnisse des Protonendetektors EI 101 (Kirsch, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0044.pdf"〉Schlierenoptische Untersuchungen an seismischen Gelmodellen mit photometrischer Auswertung des Wellenfeldes (Kozák, J., Waniek, L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0046.pdf"〉Notes on Wave Theories for the Propagation of T-, Lg-, Rg-, G-Waves and Microseisms from Storms over Deep Sea (Bose, S. K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0047.pdf"〉A method for Determining Source Parameters of Small Magnitude Earthquakes (Schick, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0053.pdf"〉Überprüfung der Isostasie durch tiefenseismische Sondierungen (Vetter, U., Meissener, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0055.pdf"〉Über die Struktur des Reykjanes-Rückens nach den Ergebnissen reflexionsseismischer Messungen (Ariç, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0056.pdf"〉In memoriam Friedrich Burmeister (Wienert, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0057.pdf"〉[Werbung]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/ul〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGG
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Geophysik ; Aurora ; Earthquakes ; Erdbeben ; Ionosphäre ; Seismik ; Waves ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 22
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Übersichtsartikel: Behrens, J. und L. Waniek: Modellseismik (S. 1); Behle, A., W. Ehrismann, J. Makris, H. Menzel, C. Morelli und O. Rosenbach: Gravimetrische Untersuchungen in den Ostalpen I (Meßgebiet Mittenwald ‒ Innsbruck ‒ Verona) (S. 45); Koch, K. R.: Geophysical Interpretation of Density Anomalies of the Earth Computed from Satellite Observations and Gravity Measurements (S. 75); Haak, V.: Magnetotellurik: Bestimmung der Übertragungsfunktionen in Gebieten mit lateraler Änderung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit (S. 85) Reitmayr, G.: Die bevorzugten Polarisationsrichtungen des natürlichen erdelektrischen Feldes im Gebiet des Oberrhein-Grabens (S. 103); Caner, B. and H. Dragert: Instrumentation for Wide-Frequency-Band (0.01 - 100 Millihertz) Geomagnetic Induction Work (S. 121); Beblo, M.: Ein transportabler, netzunabhängiger Elektrograph für Dauerregistrierungen des induzierten erdelektrischen Feldes (S. 133); Tiefenau, H., P. G. Pruchniewicz and P. Fabian: Meridional Distribution of Tropospheric Ozone from Measurements Aboard Commercial Airliners (S. 145); Harth, W.: Die Beschreibung von VLF-Atmospherics-Parametern mit dem Wait-und-Walters-Modell (S. 153); Schödel, J. P., und J. W. Münch: Methode zur Untersuchung der spektralen Frequenzverteilung von Schwerewellen in der Ionosphäre (S.169); Briefe an den Herausgeber: Schröder, W.: Untersuchungen zur Tunguska-Katastrophe und den hochatmosphärischen Erhellungen vom 30. Juni 1908 (S. 179); Ernstson, K.: Bemerkungen zum Artikel von L. Engelhard über geoelektrische und magnetische Messungen im Nördlinger Ries (Z. Geophys. 37 (4), 667, 1971) (S. 183); Engelhard, L.: Zur Kritik von K. Ernstson an dem Artikel von L. Engelhard über geoelektrische und magnetische Messungen im Nördlinger Ries (Z. Geophys. 37 (4), 667, 1971) (S. 185); Buchbesprechungen (S. 189).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Geoelektrik ; Geomagnetismus ; Geschichte ; Gravitation ; Ionosphäre ; Magnetismus ; Troposphäre ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Brocks, K.: Wechselwirkung Ozean-Atmosphäre (S. 675); Moritz, J.: Energetic Protons at Low Equatorial Altitudes (S.701); Rinnert, K.: Untersuchungen der unteren Ionosphäre mit Hilfe der Längstwellenausbreitung über große Entfernungen (S. 719); Bosum, W. und E. G. Kind: Die magnetische Anomalie von SOEST (S. 749); Mäussnest, O.: Magnetische Feldmessungen in der Hegau-Vulkanprovinz (SW-Deutschland) (S. 767); Töpfer, K. D.: Zur Berechnung des spez. Widerstandes von reinen unverfestigten Sanden (S. 773);
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Geoelektrik ; Geomagnetismus ; Ionosphäre ; Ozeanografie ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis : Übersichtsartikel: MENZEL, H: Tiefseekuppen . . . 595 ; MÜNCH, J., und W. DEMPEWOLF: Die Ablage der Orientierungsrichtung des Satelliten Azur von der Richtung des erdmagnetischen Feldes . . . 627 ; GHAZI, A., et al.: Studies on Total Ozone over Cologne . . . 641 ; Weidelt, P.: The Electromanetic Induction in Two Thin Half-Sheets . . . 649 ; ENGELHARD, L.: Geoelektrische und magnetische Messungen im Nördlinger Ries . . . 667 ; SCHLEUSENER, A. and W. Torge: Investigatione of Secular Gravity Variations in Iceland . . .679 ; JELITTO, R. J:: Vorbemerkungen zum Artikel von G. Borm über den Schwimmzustand bei sehr großen Massen . . . 703 ; BORM, G.: Über den Schwimmzustand bei sehr großen Massen . . . 707 ; GRAFAREND, E: Isotropietests von Lotabweichungsverteilungen inWestdeutschland I . . . 719 ; THYSSEN-BORNEMISZA, S. And W. R. JACOBY: Verticat Gradients of Gravity for Areal Density Contrast Exploration . . . 735 ; Briefe an den Herausgeber : MAJUMDAR, R. K:, and S. H. RAO: An Alignmant Chart for Gravity Elevation Correction . . . 743 ; THYSSEN-BORNEMISZA, S., and E. Groten: Principle of an Absolutet Gravity Meter and Gradiometer System . . . 747 ; In memoriam ALFRED EHMERT . . . 751 ; Buchbesprechungen . . . 754 ,
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Atmosphere ; Azur Satellit ; Elektrodynamik ; Flotation ; Geoelektrik ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravimetrie ; Gravitation ; Gravity ; Iceland ; Meeresboden ; Nördlinger Ries ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis : Übersichtsartikel: Neue Ergebnisse und Probleme in der Luftelektrizität . . . 759 ; Übersichtsartikel: RIEGER, E.:Messungen des elektrischen Feldes in der oberen Atmosphäre . . . 795 ; LEITINGER, R.: Untersuchungen über die Höhenabhängigkeit der halbtägigen gravitationserregten Gezeiten der Atmosphäre . . . 835 ; POHL, J., .und H. SOFFEL: Paleomagnetic Age Determination of the Rochechourt Impact Structure (France) . . . 857 ; STEINWACHS, M: Interpretation von Mikroerdbebenregistrierungen in Westgriechenland . . . 867 ; FRÖHLICH, R. K.: Gravity Investigations over a Salt Structure near Lübbecke, Northern Germany . . . 883 ; KARDEVÁN, P.: Die Verwendung der exponentiellen Periodenverteilung zur Feststellung der Resonanzstellen des Untergrundes aus Registrierungen industrieller Bodenunruhe . . . 899 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Erdbeben ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravitation ; Gravity ; Luftelektrizität ; Paleomagnetism ; Seismik ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS : BOSE, S. K.: Generation of Lg-Waves and S-Velocity Distribution in the Crust . . . 1 ; JUNG, K., MENZEL, H., und O. ROSENBACH: Gravimetermessungen im Nördlinger Ries . . . 7 ; RASTOGI, R. G.: Lunar Tidal Oscillations in H and f0F2 at Equatorial Stations . . . 27 ; PETERSCHMITT, E., MENZEL, H.‚ und K. FUCHS: Seismische Messungen in den Alpen. - Die Beobachtungen auf dem NE-Profil Lago Lagorai 1962 und ihre vorläufige Auswertung . . . 41 ; Kurzmitteilung . . . 50 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Gravimetrie ; Gravitation ; Seismik ; Tiden ; waves ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 GEOGR PHYS 203
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Vogler, G.: Ursachen emanometrischer Anomalien (S. 57); Budde, E.: Der Beweglichkeitskoeffizient der Radium-Emanation in Lockergesteinen (S. 72); Irsraël, H. und H. Dolezalek: Zur Vergleichbarkeit luftelektrischer Messungen (S. 77); Seibold, E. und R. Wiegert: Untersuchungen des zeitlichen Ablaufs der Sedimentation im Malo Jezero (Mljet, Adria) auf Periodizitäten (S. 87).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Radioaktivität ; Radon ; Sedimente ; Strahlung ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1970.
    Description: 〈ul style="line-height:2;"〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0144.pdf"〉Heft 6〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0145.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0146.pdf"〉Inhaltsverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0147.pdf"〉[Impressum]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0148.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0149.pdf"〉Namensverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0150.pdf"〉Sachverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0151.pdf"〉Scattering of Low-Frequency Sound in the Ocean (Essen, H.-H., Hasselmann, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0154.pdf"〉Ringstromindizes und asymmetrischer Ringstrom (Schreiber, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0156.pdf"〉Natürliche Radioaktivität der Luft in Abhängigkeit von der Temperaturschichtung und der Windgeschwindigkeit (Trippler, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0159.pdf"〉Eine säkulare Schwingung des erdmagnetischen Quadrupolfeldes als Ursache einer Änderung der Erdrotation (Wilhelm, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0163.pdf"〉Eine neue Methode zur Bestimmung der terretrischen Wärmestromdichte in Binnenseen (Hänel, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0164.pdf"〉Versuch einer Einteilung von Gesteinen nach gefügekundlichen und elektrischen Größen (Bitterlich, W., Wöbking, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0165.pdf"〉Ionenbahnen in einem platten- und zylinderförmigen Aspirationskondensator bei ebenem bzw. parabolischem Luftgeschwindigkeitsprofil (Eichmeier, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0167.pdf"〉Ein einfacher elektronischer Entzerrer für Seismometer (Wielandt, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0169.pdf"〉A Direct Demonstration of the Lunar Barometric Tide (Haurwitz, B., Cowley, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0171.pdf"〉Buchbesprechungen (Walk, Czerwinski, Haug, H., Schick, R., Kertz, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0172.pdf"〉[Werbung]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/ul〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGG
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Atmosphäre ; Elektrodynamik ; Geoelektrik ; Radioaktivität ; Seismik ; Strahlung ; Tiden ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Vaněk, J.: Seismological Evidence on Discontinuities in the Mantle (S. 355); Davydova, N. I., I. P. Kosminskaya, N. K. Kapustian and G. G. Michota: Models of the Earth’s Crust and M-Boundary (S. 369); Giese, P.: The Special Structure of the PMP Traveltime Curve (395); Tregub, F. S.: Relation between P-Wave Amplitudes and Discontinuities in the Earth’s Crust (S. 407); Beranek, B.: The Results of Deep Seismic Sounding in Czechoslovakia (S. 415); Christoskov, L.: On the Amplitude Curves of Body Waves for Short Epicentral Distances and Their Oscillatory Character (S. 429); Ruprechtová, L.: Recent Interpretation of the Core Discontinuities (S. 441); Choudhury, M. A.: P-Wave Attenuation in the Mantle (S. 447); Galkin, I. N., V. T. Levshenko, V. I. Myachkin and A. V. Nikolayev: Inhomogeneity of the Earth with Respect to Physical Processes of Earthquakes (S. 455); Babuška, V.: Anisotropy of the Upper Mantle Rocks (S. 461); Červený, V.: Theory of Elastic Wave Propagation in Inhomogeneous Media (S. 469); Behrens, J., R. Bortfeld, G. Gommlich and K. Köhler: Interpretation of Discontinuities by Seismic Imaging (S. 481); Červený, V. and J. Zahradník: Amplitude-Distance Curves of Seismic Body Waves in the Neighbourhood of Critical Points and Caustics — A Comparison (S. 499); Richards, P. G.: Seismic Waves Reflected from Velocity Gradient Anomalies within the Earth’s Upper Mantle (S. 517); Nedoma, J.: Investigation of Linear Harmonic Field of SH-Waves in a Stratified Inhomogeneous Medium Using the Finite Difference Method (S. 529); Plešinger, A. and R. Vích: On the Identification of Seismometric systems and the Correction of Recorded Signals for Identified Transfer Functions (S. 543); Vaněk, J.: Seismological Evidence on Discontinuities in the Mantle (S. 355); Davydova, N. I., I. P. Kosminskaya, N. K. Kapustian and G. G. Michota: Models of the Earth’s Crust and M-Boundary (S. 369); Giese, P.: The Special Structure of the PMP Traveltime Curve (395); Tregub, F. S.: Relation between P-Wave Amplitudes and Discontinuities in the Earth’s Crust (S. 407); Beranek, B.: The Results of Deep Seismic Sounding in Czechoslovakia (S. 415); Christoskov, L.: On the Amplitude Curves of Body Waves for Short Epicentral Distances and Their Oscillatory Character (S. 429); Ruprechtová, L.: Recent Interpretation of the Core Discontinuities (S. 441); Choudhury, M. A.: P-Wave Attenuation in the Mantle (S. 447); Galkin, I. N., V. T. Levshenko, V. I. Myachkin and A. V. Nikolayev: Inhomogeneity of the Earth with Respect to Physical Processes of Earthquakes (S. 455); Babuška, V.: Anisotropy of the Upper Mantle Rocks (S. 461); Červený, V.: Theory of Elastic Wave Propagation in Inhomogeneous Media (S. 469); Behrens, J., R. Bortfeld, G. Gommlich and K. Köhler: Interpretation of Discontinuities by Seismic Imaging (S. 481); Červený, V. and J. Zahradník: Amplitude-Distance Curves of Seismic Body Waves in the Neighbourhood of Critical Points and Caustics — A Comparison (S. 499); Richards, P. G.: Seismic Waves Reflected from Velocity Gradient Anomalies within the Earth’s Upper Mantle (S. 517); Nedoma, J.: Investigation of Linear Harmonic Field of SH-Waves in a Stratified Inhomogeneous Medium Using the Finite Difference Method (S. 529); Plešinger, A. and R. Vích: On the Identification of Seismometric systems and the Correction of Recorded Signals for Identified Transfer Functions (S. 543);
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Erdbeben ; Erdkern ; Erdmantel ; Diskontinuität ; Seismik ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2022-02-28
    Description: Dieser Band enthält Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1970.
    Description: 〈ul style="line-height:2;"〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0058.pdf"〉Heft 3〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0059.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0060.pdf"〉Inhaltsverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0061.pdf"〉[Impressum]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0062.pdf"〉Die Theorien der thermoremanenten Magnetisierung von Gesteinen (Soffel, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0065.pdf"〉Natural Magnetization of Deep Core Samples of Basaltic Rocks from Brazil (Schult, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0069.pdf"〉Crustal Structure of the East African Rift System from Spectral Response Ratios of Long-Period Body Waves (Bonjer, K.-P., Fuchs, K., Wohlenberg, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0071.pdf"〉Crustal Investigation from Gravity Measurements at the Scarp of the Ethiopian Plateau (Makris, J., Thiele, P., Zimmermann, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0074.pdf"〉Die Verbreitung von schadenverursachenden Erdbeben auf dem Gebiet der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Versuch einer seismologischen Regionalisierung (Ahorner, L., Murawski, H., Schneider, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0077.pdf"〉Über den Einfluß oberflächennaher Störkörper auf geoelektrische Widerstandsmessungen (Töpfer, K. D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0079.pdf"〉Zur Problematik der Deutung paläomagnetischer Meßergebnisse auf Grund von Untersuchungen an den Basalten des Paläovulkans Vogelsberg in Hessen (Schenk, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0085.pdf"〉Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the Ethiopian Rift Derived from Seismic and Gravity Data (Makris, J., Menzel, H., Zimmermann, J., Bonjer, K.-P., Fuchs, K., Wohlenberg, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0087.pdf"〉[Werbung]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/ul〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGG
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Erdbeben ; Geoelektrik ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravitation ; Tektonik ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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    GEOMAR
    In:  [Poster] In: deRSE19 - Konferenz für ForschungssoftwareentwicklerInnen in Deutschland, 04.-06.06.2019, Potsdam, Germany .
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, 2 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-09-02
    Description: 25.08.-01.09.2019
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 3 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-10-10
    Description: 02.09. bis 06.09.2019
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR Pressemitteilung , 03.09.2019 , 39/2019
    Publication Date: 2019-09-04
    Description: Umweltsensoren von GEOMAR und HZG wurden offenbar gewaltsam entfernt. 03.09.2019/Kiel. Im Dezember 2016 installierten das GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel und das Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht in einem Sperrgebiet am Ausgang der Eckernförder Bucht ein Observatorium für Umweltmessungen am Meeresboden. Offenbar wurden die zwei, je 550 und 220 Kilogramm schweren Gestelle am 21. August mit großer Kraft von ihrer Position entfernt. Die Forscher fanden nur noch das zerfaserte Landanschlusskabel. Jetzt hoffen GEOMAR und HZG auf Hinweise, um die wertvollen Geräte zurückzuerhalten.
    Type: Newspaper report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, 2 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-09-10
    Description: 02.09.-08.09.2019
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 2 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-11-11
    Description: M159 (29.10. – 20.11.2019) 2. Wochenbericht vom 10. November 2019
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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  • 37
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    GEOMAR
    In:  [Poster] In: OceanObs'19: An Ocean of Opportunity, 16.-20.09.2019, Honolulu, Hawaii .
    Publication Date: 2019-12-13
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  • 38
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    Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel | GEOMAR
    In:  Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 9 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-12-16
    Description: (21th-25th October 2019)
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2020-01-27
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  • 40
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 3 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-11-18
    Description: M159 (29.10. – 20.11.2019) 3. Wochenbericht vom 17. November 2019
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  • 41
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 3 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: M159 (29.10. – 20.11.2019) 1. Wochenbericht vom 3. November 2019
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  • 42
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    GEOMAR
    In:  [Poster] In: ICES Symposium: Challenging the scientific legacy of Johan Hjort: time for a new paradigm in marine research?, 12.-14.06.2019, Bergen, Norway .
    Publication Date: 2019-12-13
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  • 43
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 2 pp.
    Publication Date: 2020-01-06
    Description: 02.12.19 - 08.12.19
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 44
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    GEOMAR
    In:  Alkor-Berichte, AL507 . GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 10 pp.
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
    Description: Dates of Cruise: 16.04. – 29.04.2018 Areas of Research: Physical, chemical, biological and fishery oceanography Port Calls: Visby, Sweden, 21. - 22.04.2018
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 45
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    GEOMAR
    In:  Alkor-Berichte, AL509 . GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 11 pp.
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
    Description: Dates of Cruise: 15.05. – 30.05.2018 Areas of Research: Physical, chemical, biological and fishery oceanography Port Calls: Riga. Latvia, 22.05.2018
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  • 46
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, 2 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-08-26
    Description: DIPLANOAGAP (Distribution of plastics in the North Atlantic garbage patch), 17.08.-24.08.2019
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  • 47
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 4 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-10-07
    Description: 18.-30.9.2019 The overall objective of this practical for students is to investigate the ecological role of gelatinous plankton in the Baltic Sea food webs and alongside the salinity gradient. To demonstrate the temporal as well as spatial variation of pelagic communities such as bacteria-, phyto and zooplankton as well as in the benthic food webs, different food web tracers will be used. Main focus here is therefore to obtain qualitative and quantitative sample sets of gelatinous zooplankton to investigate their distinct role on bentho-pelagic processes. Over the last several decades, a significant increase of both frequency and severity of jellyfish (JF) blooms were reported worldwide. Blooms of these organisms can extend for thousands of square kilometers, with drastic consequences and economic losses. When JF outbreak, they will not only affect the pelagic community by direct feeding on fish larvae, fish eggs or competing for the prey with bigger fishes, but only serve as organic matter source for benthic systems via sinking to the sea floor. Due to the scarcity of data on the potential role of gelatinous zooplankton from only few locations in the Baltic Sea, there is only a limited understanding on the role of JF in the bentho-pelagic food web of the Baltic Sea. A quantitative and qualitative assessment of gelatinous zooplankton in the BS systems and their functioning with regard to salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea , are now urgently needed to better account for the role of gelatinous zooplankton in the future of the system. Applicant and working group have performed this student research/educational cruise with the specific focus on jellyfish ecology every year and on a regular basis since 2013. During this two-week cruise students will perform the compulsory „Practical at Sea“. The general goal is to survey and characterize the temporal and special distribution of bacterial, phyto-, zooplankton and macroplankton specially jellyfish in Skagerrak and Baltic Sea
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2020-07-24
    Description: Poseidon 533 – AIMAC (Atmosphere–ocean–island-biogeochemical interactions in the Macaronesian Archipelagos) investigated the influence of the Cape Verdes, the Canary Islands, and Madeira on the physics, chemistry and biology of the surrounding subtropical North- East Atlantic ocean. The air – sea exchange of halocarbons from marine sources impact tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, and therewith air quality and human health. High oceanic and atmospheric concentrations of iodinated, brominated and chlorinated methanes are often found near coastlines. In particular, bromoform (CHBr3) was recently detected at unexpectedly high concentrations in seawater of subtropical coasts, e.g. at Miami and Tenerife beaches. Bromoform is produced naturally from macro algae and phytoplankton and is the major marine vector of organic bromine to the atmosphere. Together with dibromomethane (CH2Br2), it is the main contributor to natural stratospheric bromine, involved in ozone depletion. Bromoform is also a major product during disinfection of seawater for many industrial and recreational purposes and during desalination processes. While the bromoform production from phytoplankton generally leads to picomolar concentrations in seawater, macroalgal production yields nanomolar concentrations and disinfection processes involving seawater can increase concentrations to micromolar levels. The latter has led to the occasional application of this compound as tracer for the effluents of power plants and wastewater discharges. Other disinfection by-products (DBP) in the effluents can lead to unfavorable effects on the environment and human health. As bromoform shows large concentrations in urbanized and industrialized regions, the elevated concentrations at many coasts may have a major and increasing contribution to the global budget.. We hypothesize, that populated coastlines show elevated bromoform concentrations from disinfection activities, related to the amount of population and industrial activities. Coastal alongshore currents may additionally trap the compound inshore. Therefore, bromoform can be a good tracer of the terrestrial and anthropogenic signal in the island mass effect, which describes the increase in nutrients and biological productivity in the surrounding water masses of an island. POS533 investigated the bromoform distribution in ocean and atmosphere in the subtropical East Atlantic and the islands of Madeira, Tenerife, Gran Canaria and the Cape Verde Archipelago, considering physical and biogeochemical parameters, phytoplankton distribution and carbon chemistry. During the cruise new scientific tools where applied, to differentiate between the islands natural and anthropogenic interactions with ocean and atmosphere. The measurements deliver the first comprehensive biogeochemical data set of phytoplankton, microbiology, trace gases, carbon, oxygen and nutrient cycling from this region close the islands in exchange with the open ocean. Despite the novel knowledge, current climate chemistry and chemical transport models used to understand the anthropogenic signal of marine halocarbon emissions and their effects on tropospheric oxidation and stratospheric ozone will benefit from the expedition's dataset.
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  • 49
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 2 pp.
    Publication Date: 2020-01-06
    Description: 09.12.19 - 16.12.19
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2020-01-02
    Description: Recent surveys of marine microbial diversity have identified a previously unrecognized lineage of diplonemid protists as being among the most diverse heterotrophic eukaryotes in global oceans. Despite their monophyly (and assumed importance), they lack a formal taxonomic description, and are informally known as deep-sea pelagic diplonemids (DSPDs) or marine diplonemids. Recently, we documented morphology and molecular sequences from several DSPDs, one of which is particularly widespread and abundant in environmental sequence data. To simplify the communication of future work on this important group, here we formally propose to erect the family Eupelagonemidae to encompass this clade, as well as a formal genus and species description for the apparently most abundant phylotype, Eupelagonema oceanica, for which morphological information and single-cell amplified genome data are currently available. © 2018 International Society of Protistologists
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2020-01-02
    Description: Spores of the dinoflagellate Chytriodinium are known to infest copepod eggs causing their lethality. Despite the potential to control the population of such an ecologically important host, knowledge about Chytriodinium parasites is limited: we know little about phylogeny, parasitism, abundance, or geographical distribution. We carried out genome sequence surveys on four manually isolated sporocytes from the same sporangium, which seemed to be attached to a copepod nauplius, to analyze the phylogenetic position of Chytriodinium based on SSU and concatenated SSU/LSU rRNA gene sequences, and also characterize two genes related to the plastidial heme pathway, hemL and hemY. The results suggest the presence of a cryptic plastid in Chytriodinium and a photosynthetic ancestral state of the parasitic Chytriodinium/Dissodinium clade. Finally, by mapping Tara Oceans V9 SSU amplicon data to the recovered SSU rRNA gene sequences from the sporocytes, we show that globally, Chytriodinium parasites are most abundant within the pico/nano- and mesoplankton of the surface ocean and almost absent within microplankton, a distribution indicating that they generally exist either as free-living spores or host-associated sporangia. © 2018 International Society of Protistologists
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  • 52
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 2 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-12-13
    Description: 18/2/2019-24/2/2019
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  • 53
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 11 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-06-26
    Description: R.V. Poseidon cruise no. 522 Dates, Ports: 10.04.2018 (Catania, Italy) – 29.04.2018 (Malaga, Spain) Research subject: Tephrostratigraphy of tsunami-related deposits at Stromboli Chief Scientist: Dr. Armin Freundt, GEOMAR, Kiel Number of Scientists: 11 Project: Stromboli tsunamis
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  • 54
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 3 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-09-24
    Description: 09.09. bis 12.09.2019
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2019-10-08
    Description: In early 2017 we deployed eight KOSMOS [a] mesocosm units (53 m^3 each) close to ‘Isla San Lorenzo’ about 4.5 nm off-shore the Peruvian coastline (-12.0554667°, -077.2347667°). The aim of the study was to improve our mechanistic understanding of processes controlling plankton productivity, organic matter export, and particle stoichiometry in the coastal upwelling system off Peru. About 40 days into the study, Inca terns (Larosterna inca) – an abundant sea bird species in the region – discovered the mesocosms as suitable resting places. The birds were able to start and land on the very small areas lacking anti-bird spikes that were installed on the mesocosm roofs. Resting on the flotation frames as well as the opening of the mesocosm bags, they defecated into the enclosed water columns, adding new nutrients to the system. This orni-eutrophication from day 40 to 50 triggered intense phytoplankton blooms in the uppermost part of the enclosures where light was plentiful. This video illustrates the fertilizing effect of Inca tern defecation on phytoplankton communities during our mesocosm study in the upwelling system off Peru. [a] Kiel Off-Shore Mesocosms for Ocean Simulations
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  • 56
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 7 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-10-07
    Description: 23.09. - 27.09.2019
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2019-10-08
    Description: The reformed Common Fisheries Policy of the EU, in force since 2014, stipulates that overfishing by the fleets of its member states has to end latest in the year 2020. This study examines exploitation and status of 119 stocks fished by 20 countries in the Northeast Atlantic. In the year 2018, about 40% of the stocks were still subject to overfishing (F 〉 Fmsy), about 34% of the stocks were outside safe biological limits (B 〈 Bpa) and about 68% of the stocks were too depleted to produce maximum sustainable yields (B 〈 Bmsy). Reduction in the number of overfished stocks has stalled, possible because of an agreement between the European Commission (EC) and the International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES), its advisory body for total allowed catches (TACs), wherein the EC requests ICES to give TAC advice leading to overfishing for many stocks. As a result, it is unlikely that overfishing will end in the Northeast Atlantic in 2020.
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  • 58
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 80 pp.
    Publication Date: 2021-02-25
    Description: Abstract Legal requirement in Europe asks for Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) in European seas, including considerations of trophic interactions and minimization of negative impacts of fishing on food webs and ecosystem functioning. Focusing on the interaction between fisheries and ecosystem components, the trophic model presented here shows for the first time the “big picture” of the western Baltic Sea (WBS) food web by quantifying structure and flows between all trophic elements and the impact of fisheries that were and are active in the area, based on best available recent data. Model results show that fishing pressures exerted on the WBS since the early nineties of the past century forces not only top predators such as harbour porpoises and seals but also cod and other demersal fish to heavily compete for fish as food and to cover their dietary needs by shifting to organisms lower in the trophic web, mainly to benthic macrofauna and / or search for suitable prey in adjacent ecosystems such as Kattegat, Skagerrak, central Baltic Sea and North Sea. While common sense implementations of EBFM have been proposed, such as fishing all stocks below Fmsy and reducing fishing pressure even further for forage fish such as herring and sprat, few studies compared such fishing to alternative scenarios. Different options for EBFM, with regards to recovery of depleted stocks and sustainable future catches, are presented here based on the WBS ecosystem model, the legal framework given by the new Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) of the European Union. The model explores four legally valid future fishery scenarios: 1) business as usual, 2) maximum sustainable fishing (F = Fmsy), 3) half of Fmsy, and 4) EBFM with F = 0.5 Fmsy for forage fish and F = 0.8 Fmsy for other fish. In addition, a “No-fishing” scenario demonstrates, that neither individual stocks nor the whole system would collapse when all fishing activities from 2017 on would cease. Simulations show that “Business as usual” would perpetuate low 2016 catches from depleted stocks in an unstable ecosystem where endangered species may be lost. In contrast, an “EBFM” scenario - with herring and sprat fished at 0.5 Fmsy level and cod and other stocks fished at 0.8 Fmsy level - allows the recovery of all stocks with strongly increased catches close to the maximum (at Fmsy) for cod and flatfish and catches similar to the 2016 level for herring and sprat but with strongly reduced fishing effort. Model and methodology presented here are considered suitable to assess MSFD Criterion D4C2 in the WBS.
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2020-07-27
    Description: 4/2/2019 – 24/2/2019, Mindelo (Republic of Cape Verde) – Mindelo (Republic of Cape Verde) DeepC-Jelly We proposed to test the hypothesis that large gelatinous macrozooplankton (e.g. tunicates, hydrozoans) are a significant carbon storage in midwater, and a vector for carbon from midwater to the ocean floor in Cape Verde. To test this hypothesis, we studied 1) the distribution, diversity and abundance of gelatinous organisms in the epi-, meso-, and bathypelagic zone, 2) their role in transporting carbon through the pelagic foodweb to the seafloor and 3) their behavior and associations. We worked in the coastal deep sea off Santo Antão and Fogo as well as in the open ocean at the time series station CVOO and an eddy. A manned submersible was used for mesopelagic surveys, to document the behaviour and associations of deep-sea organisms and to collect living specimens. We performed pelagic video transects, discrete net sampling, and eDNA sampling down to 3000 m. ADCP and CTD transects allowed a detailed reconstruction of the effect of the islands on currents and productivity. To quantify the carbon flux of pelagic foodfalls, we also surveyed the seafloor. Sample and video analysis is still in progress, but first results indicate the impact of the pelagic tunicate Pyrosoma atlanticum, which is an upwelling-favored species largely absent from the oligotrophic open ocean, in the nearshore regions of Cape Verde as well as in the cyclonic eddy sampled. It was also observed on the seafloor and resembles a food source and a habitat in the water column and in the benthos. Specimens of pelagic fauna were collected that allow new species descriptions. New records and a new species for the region were also observed during benthic surveys. The cruise was documented in various outreach activities including national television in Cabo Verde.
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  • 60
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    In:  Animal Plant Reviews, 2 . pp. 619-658.
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: Heteroplasmy occurs when copies of an organellar genome (plastid or mitochondrial) differ from one another either within a cell or among cells within an individual. This phenomenon was first discovered in plastids over 100 years ago, though ‘heteroplasmy’ was not formally defined until decades later. Mitochondrial and plastid heteroplasmy have since been discovered in diverse taxa, including numerous plants, particularly those with the gynodioecious breeding system. Though heteroplasmy can arise through mutations in organellar genomes, biparental inheritance of organelles often generates heteroplasmy. This article is intended to summarise the cytoploid nature of organellar genomes and different aspects of mitochondrial and plastid heteroplasmy, from its discovery, to the development of detection methods. We will also discuss the effects of heteroplasmy on individuals, populations, and species, with regard to fitness, cytonuclear interactions, and genome evolution. Finally, we highlight a few research questions which we consider in need of further investigation to understand the prevalence and effects of heteroplasmy in natural settings.
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    In:  Geophysical Prospecting, 67 (6). pp. 1557-1570.
    Publication Date: 2020-01-02
    Description: Although narrow‐azimuth towed‐streamer data provides good image quality for structural interpretation, it is generally accepted that for wide‐azimuth marine surveys seabed receivers deliver superior seismic reflection measurements and seismically derived reservoir attributes. However, seabed surveys are not widely used due to the higher acquisition costs when compared to streamer acquisition. In recent years, there have been significant engineering efforts to automate receiver deployment and retrieval in order to minimize the cost differential and conduct cost‐efficient seabed receiver seismic surveys. These engineering efforts include industrially engineered nodes, nodes‐on‐a‐rope deployment schemes and even robotic nodes, which swim to and from the deployment location. This move to automation is inevitable, leading to robotization of seismic data acquisition for exploration and development activities in the oil and gas industry. We are developing a robotic‐based technology, which utilizes autonomous underwater vehicles as seismic sensors without the need of using a remotely operated vehicle for deployment and retrieval. In this paper, we describe the autonomous underwater vehicle evolution throughout the project years from initial heavy and bulky nodes to fully autonomous light and flexible underwater receivers. Results obtained from two field pilot tests using different generations of autonomous underwater vehicles indicate that the seismic coupling, and navigation based on underwater acoustics are very reliable and robust.
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  • 63
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    In:  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1436 (1). pp. 54-69.
    Publication Date: 2020-01-02
    Description: Regional climate modeling bridges the gap between the coarse resolution of current global climate models and the regional-to-local scales, where the impacts of climate change are of primary interest. Here, we present a review of the added value of the regional climate modeling approach within the scope of paleoclimate research and discuss the current major challenges and perspectives. Two time periods serve as an example: the Holocene, including the Last Millennium, and the Last Glacial Maximum. Reviewing the existing literature reveals the benefits of regional paleo climate modeling, particularly over areas with complex terrain. However, this depends largely on the variable of interest, as the added value of regional modeling arises from a more realistic representation of physical processes and climate feedbacks compared to global climate models, and this affects different climate variables in various ways. In particular, hydrological processes have been shown to be better represented in regional models, and they can deliver more realistic meteorological data to drive ice sheet and glacier modeling. Thus, regional climate models provide a clear benefit to answer fundamental paleoclimate research questions and may be key to advance a meaningful joint interpretation of climate model and proxy data.
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2020-01-02
    Description: A marine seismic method based on continuous source and receiver wavefields has been developed. The method requires continuous recording of the seismic data. The source that may consist of multiple source elements can emit signals continuously while moving. The ideal source wavefield to be used with this method should be as white as possible both in a temporal and a spatial sense to avoid deep notches in the spectrum enabling a stable multi‐dimensional deconvolution. White noise has such properties. However, equipment that can generate white noise does not exist. In order to generate a continuous source wavefield that is approaching the properties of white noise using existing equipment onboard marine seismic vessels, individual air‐guns can be triggered with short randomized time intervals in a near‐continuous fashion. The main potential benefits with the method are to reduce the environmental impact of marine seismic surveys and to improve acquisition efficiency. The peak sound pressure levels are significantly reduced by triggering one air‐gun at a time compared to conventional marine seismic sources. Sound exposure levels are also reduced in most directions. Since the method is based on continuous recording of seismic data and the air‐guns are triggered based on time and not based on position, there are less vessel speed limitations compared to conventional marine seismic data acquisition. Also, because the source wavefield is spread out in time, the wavefields emitted from source elements in different cross‐line positions can be designed such that the emitted wavefield is spatially white in this direction. This means that source elements in multiple cross‐line positions can be operated simultaneously, potentially improving the cross‐line sampling and/or the acquisition efficiency.
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  • 65
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (1). pp. 365-373.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: We investigate the role of the tropics, the stratosphere, and atmosphere‐ocean coupling for seasonal forecasts of strong, potentially damaging, Northern Hemisphere extratropical winter wind storm frequencies. This is done by means of relaxation experiments with the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts model, which allow us to prescribe perfect forecasts for specific parts of the coupled atmosphere‐ocean system. We find that perfect predictions of the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere significantly enhance winter storm predictive skill between eastern Greenland and Northern Europe. Correct seasonal predictions of the occurrence of stratospheric sudden warmings play a decisive role. The importance of correctly predicting the tropics and of two‐way atmosphere‐ocean coupling, both for forecasting stratospheric sudden warming risk and, correspondingly, severe winter storm frequency, is noted.
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The northern part of the South China Sea is characterized by widespread occurrence of bottom simulating reflectors (BSR) indicating the presence of marine gas hydrate. Because the area covers both a tectonically inactive passive margin and the termination of a subduction zone, the influence of tectonism on the dynamics of gas hydrate systems can be studied in this region. Geophysical data show that there are multiple thrust faults on the active margin while much fewer and smaller faults exist in the passive margin. This tectonic difference matches with a difference in the geophysical characteristics of the gas hydrate systems. High hydrate saturation derived from ocean bottom seismometer data and controlled source electromagnetic data and conspicuous high‐amplitude reflections in P‐Cable 3D seismic data above the BSR are found in the anticlinal ridges of the active margin. In contrast all geophysical evidence for the passive margin points to normal to low hydrate saturations. Geochemical analyses of gas samples collected at seep sites on the active margin show methane with heavy δ13C isotope composition, while gas collected at the passive margin shows light carbon isotope composition. Thus, we interpret the passive margin as a typical gas hydrate province fuelled by biogenic production of methane and the active margin gas hydrate system as a system that is fuelled not only by biogenic gas production but also by additional advection of thermogenic methane from the subduction system.
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (5). pp. 2715-2725.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The mechanisms controlling the variability of oxygen levels in the ocean are poorly quantified. We focus here on the impact of wind synoptic variability associated with tropical convective regions and extra‐tropical storms. Removing the wind higher frequencies of variability (2 days – 1 month) in an atmosphere reanalysis used to force an ocean model decreases wind stress by up to 20% in the tropics and 50% in the mid‐latitudes, weakening wind‐driven ocean circulation by 20%. Oxygen levels decrease by up to 10 mmol.m‐3 in tropical oceans and 30 mmol.m‐3 in subtropical gyres mainly due to changes in advective processes. While a large part of the tropical oxygen anomaly has local origins, changes in oxygen levels in the subtropical gyres modulate tropical oxygen distribution. Our study suggests that the “storminess” of the ocean is an important parameter that could determine the future evolution of poorly oxygenated regions.
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  • 68
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (6). pp. 3317-3326.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The Benguela Upwelling system (BUS) is the most productive of all eastern boundary upwelling ecosystems and it hosts a well‐developed oxygen minimum zone. As such, the BUS is a potential hotspot for production of N2O, a potent greenhouse gas derived from microbially‐driven decay of sinking organic matter. Yet, the extent at which near‐surface waters emit N2O to the atmosphere in the BUS is highly uncertain. Here we present the first high‐resolution surface measurements of N2O across the northern part of the BUS (nBUS). We found strong gradients with a three‐fold increase in N2O concentrations near the coast as compared with open ocean waters. Our observations show enhanced sea‐to‐air fluxes of N2O (up to 1.67 nmol m−2 s−1) in association with local upwelling cells. Based on our data we suggest that the nBUS can account for 13% of the total coastal upwelling source of N2O to the atmosphere.
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  • 69
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (4). pp. 2158-2166.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Hydroxylamine (NH 2 OH), a short-lived intermediate in the nitrogen cycle, is a potential precursor of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) in the ocean. However, measurements of NH 2 OH in the ocean are sparse. Here we present a data set of depth profiles of NH 2 OH from the equatorial Atlantic Ocean and the eastern tropical South Pacific and compare it to N 2 O, nitrate, and nitrite profiles under varying oxygen conditions. The presence of NH 2 OH in surface waters points toward surface nitrification in the upper 100 m. Overall, we found a ratio of 1:3 between NH 2 OH and N 2 O in open ocean areas when oxygen concentrations were 〉50 μmol/L. In the equatorial Atlantic Ocean and the open ocean eastern tropical South Pacific, where nitrification is the dominant N 2 O production pathway, stepwise multiple regressions demonstrated that N 2 O, NH 2 OH, and nitrate concentrations were highly correlated, suggesting that NH 2 OH is a potential indicator for nitrification.
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Radiative forcing from volcanic aerosol impacts surface temperatures; however, the background climate state also affects the response. A key question thus concerns whether constraining forcing estimates is more important than constraining initial conditions for accurate simulation and attribution of posteruption climate anomalies. Here we test whether different realistic volcanic forcing magnitudes for the 1815 Tambora eruption yield distinguishable ensemble surface temperature responses. We perform a cluster analysis on a superensemble of climate simulations including three 30-member ensembles using the same set of initial conditions but different volcanic forcings based on uncertainty estimates. Results clarify how forcing uncertainties can overwhelm initial-condition spread in boreal summer due to strong direct radiative impact, while the effect of initial conditions predominate in winter, when dynamics contribute to large ensemble spread. In our setup, current uncertainties affecting reconstruction-simulation comparisons prevent conclusions about the magnitude of the Tambora eruption and its relation to the “year without summer.”
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Increasing global energy demands have led to the ongoing intensification of hydrocarbon extraction from marine areas. Hydrocarbon extractive activities pose threats to native marine biodiversity, such as noise, light, and chemical pollution, physical changes to the sea floor, invasive species, and greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we assessed at a global scale the spatial overlap between offshore hydrocarbon activities and marine biodiversity (〉25,000 species, nine major ecosystems, and marine protected areas), and quantify the changes over time. We discovered that two-thirds of global offshore hydrocarbon activities occur in areas within the top 10% for species richness, range rarity, and proportional range rarity values globally. Thus, while hydrocarbon activities are undertaken in less than one percent of the ocean's area, they overlap with approximately 85% of all assessed species. Of conservation concern, 4% of species with the largest proportion of their range overlapping hydrocarbon activities are range restricted, potentially increasing their vulnerability to localized threats such as oil spills. While hydrocarbon activities have extended to greater depths since the mid-1990s, we found that the largest overlap is with coastal ecosystems, particularly estuaries, saltmarshes and mangroves. Furthermore, in most countries where offshore hydrocarbon exploration licensing blocks have been delineated, they do not overlap with marine protected areas (MPAs). Although this is positive in principle, many countries have far more licensing block areas than protected areas, and in some instances, MPA coverage is minimal. These findings suggest the need for marine spatial prioritization to help limit future spatial overlap between marine conservation priorities and hydrocarbon activities. Such prioritization can be informed by the spatial and quantitative baseline information provided here. In increasingly shared seascapes, prioritizing management actions that set both conservation and development targets could help minimize further declines of biodiversity and environmental changes at a global scale.
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Genetic data have great potential for improving fisheries management by identifying the fundamental management units—that is, the biological populations—and their mixing. However, so far, the number of practical cases of marine fisheries management using genetics has been limited. Here, we used Atlantic cod in the Baltic Sea to demonstrate the applicability of genetics to a complex management scenario involving mixing of two genetically divergent populations. Specifically, we addressed several assumptions used in the current assessment of the two populations. Through analysis of 483 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed across the Atlantic cod genome, we confirmed that a model of mechanical mixing, rather than hybridization and introgression, best explained the pattern of genetic differentiation. Thus, the fishery is best monitored as a mixed-stock fishery. Next, we developed a targeted panel of 39 SNPs with high statistical power for identifying population of origin and analyzed more than 2,000 tissue samples collected between 2011 and 2015 as well as 260 otoliths collected in 2003/2004. These data provided high spatial resolution and allowed us to investigate geographical trends in mixing, to compare patterns for different life stages and to investigate temporal trends in mixing. We found similar geographical trends for the two time points represented by tissue and otolith samples and that a recently implemented geographical management separation of the two populations provided a relatively close match to their distributions. In contrast to the current assumption, we found that patterns of mixing differed between juveniles and adults, a signal likely linked to the different reproductive dynamics of the two populations. Collectively, our data confirm that genetics is an operational tool for complex fisheries management applications. We recommend focussing on developing population assessment models and fisheries management frameworks to capitalize fully on the additional information offered by genetically assisted fisheries monitoring.
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) is a multinational program initiated in 1997 in the tropical Atlantic to improve our understanding and ability to predict ocean-atmosphere variability. PIRATA consists of a network of moored buoys providing meteorological and oceanographic data transmitted in real time to address fundamental scientific questions as well as societal needs. The network is maintained through dedicated yearly cruises, which allow for extensive complementary shipboard measurements and provide platforms for deployment of other components of the Tropical Atlantic Observing System. This paper describes network enhancements, scientific accomplishments and successes obtained from the last 10 years of observations, and additional results enabled by cooperation with other national and international programs. Capacity building activities and the role of PIRATA in a future Tropical Atlantic Observing System that is presently being optimized are also described.
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Parasites are one of the strongest selective agents in nature. They select for hosts that evolve counter‐adaptive strategies to cope with infection. Helminth parasites are special because they can modulate their hosts’ immune responses. This phenomenon is important in epidemiological contexts, where coinfections may be affected. How different types of hosts and helminths interact with each other is insufficiently investigated. We used the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) – Schistocephalus solidus model to study mechanisms and temporal components of helminth immune modulation. Sticklebacks from two contrasting populations with either high resistance (HR) or low resistance (LR) against S. solidus, were individually exposed to S. solidus strains with characteristically high growth (HG) or low growth (LG) in G. aculeatus. We determined the susceptibility to another parasite, the eye fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, and the expression of 23 key immune genes at three time points after S. solidus infection. D. pseudospathaceum infection rates and the gene expression responses depended on host and S. solidus type and changed over time. Whereas the effect of S. solidus type was not significant after three weeks, T regulatory responses and complement components were upregulated at later time points if hosts were infected with HG S. solidus. HR hosts showed a well orchestrated immune response, which was absent in LR hosts. Our results emphasize the role of regulatory T cells and the timing of specific immune responses during helminth infections. This study elucidates the importance to consider different coevolutionary trajectories and ecologies when studying host‐parasite interactions.
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Seafloor massive sulphide (SMS) deposits are of increasing economic interest in order to satisfy the relentless growth in worldwide metal demand. The Trans‐Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) hydrothermal field at 26°N on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge hosts several such deposits. This study presents new controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM), bathymetric and magnetic results from the TAG field. Potential SMS targets were selected based on their surface expressions in high‐resolution bathymetric data. High‐resolution reduced‐to‐the‐pole magnetic data show negative anomalies beneath and surrounding the SMS deposits, revealing large areas of hydrothermal alteration. CSEM data, sensitive to the electrical conductivity of SMS mineralization, further reveal a maximum thickness of up to 80 m and conductivities of up to 5 S/m. SMS samples have conductivities of up to a few thousand S/m, suggesting that remotely inferred conductivities represent an average of metal sulphide ores combined with silicified and altered host basalt that likely dominates at greater depths.
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The climate of the last two millennia was characterised by decadal to multi‐centennial variations which were recorded in terrestrial records and had important societal impacts. The cause of these climatic events is still under debate but changes in the North Atlantic circulation have often been proposed to play an important role. In this review we compile available high‐resolution paleoceanographic datasets from the northern North Atlantic and Nordic Seas. The records are grouped into regions related to modern ocean conditions and their variability is discussed. We additionally discuss our current knowledge from modelling studies, with a specific focus on the dynamical changes that are not well inferred from the proxy records. An illustration is provided through the analysis of two climate model ensembles and an individual simulation of the last millennium. This review thereby provides an up‐to‐date paleo‐perspective on the North Atlantic multidecadal to multi‐centennial ocean variability across the last two millennia.
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: In the course of the ongoing global intensification and diversification of human pressures, the study of variation patterns of biological traits along environmental gradients can provide relevant information on the performance of species under shifting conditions. The pronounced salinity gradient, co‐occurrence of multiple stressors, and accelerated rates of change make the Baltic Sea and its transition to North Sea a suitable region for this type of study. Focusing on the bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosus, one of the main foundation species on hard‐bottoms of the Baltic Sea, we analyzed the phenotypic variation among populations occurring along 2,000 km of coasts subjected to salinities from 4 to 〉30 and a variety of other stressors. Morphological and biochemical traits, including palatability for grazers, were recorded at 20 stations along the Baltic Sea and four stations in the North Sea. We evaluated in a common modeling framework the relative contribution of multiple environmental drivers to the observed trait patterns. Salinity was the main and, in some cases, the only environmental driver of the geographic trait variation in F. vesiculosus. The decrease in salinity from North Sea to Baltic Sea stations was accompanied by a decline in thallus size, photosynthetic pigments, and energy storage compounds, and affected the interaction of the alga with herbivores and epibiota. For some traits, drivers that vary locally such as wave exposure, light availability or nutrient enrichment were also important. The strong genetic population structure in this macroalgae might play a role in the generation and maintenance of phenotypic patterns across geographic scales. In light of our results, the desalination process projected for the Baltic Sea could have detrimental impacts on F. vesiculosus in areas close to its tolerance limit, affecting ecosystem functions such as habitat formation, primary production, and food supply.
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  • 78
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124 (5). pp. 3021-3035.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Key Points: • A regional ocean model is used to examine multidecadal shelf temperature changes on the Agulhas Bank • There are distinct shelf temperature regime changes in 1966 and 1996 • These regime shifts are caused by changes in coastal upwelling linked to large-scale wind variability The Agulhas Bank is an important area for the spawning of small pelagic fish and other species. Here, within a NEMO ocean model, we investigate changes in temperature over the Bank on multidecadal time scales. In agreement with previous observational studies, a shift to colder temperatures is found in 1997. The model also simulates an earlier shift from colder to warmer temperatures in 1966. These shifts are coastally confined and shown, using a climatologically forced model run as a control, to be driven by a north‐south migration in the large‐scale wind belts, rather than by changes in downward heat fluxes or changes in the Agulhas Current itself. The zonal wind changes on the Agulhas Bank show a significant relationship with the Southern Annular Mode, showing some promise for future predictability of cold and warm regimes on the Agulhas Bank. Thus, while the Agulhas Current has been shown in previous work to have a large impact on intra‐annual and interannual temperature variability, this work shows that multidecadal variability in temperature on the shelf is likely to be wind forced.
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Gravitational sinking of photosynthetically fixed particulate organic carbon (POC) constitutes a key component of the biological carbon pump. The fraction of POC leaving the surface ocean depends on POC sinking velocity (SV) and remineralization rate (Cremin), both of which depend on plankton community structure. However, the key drivers in plankton communities controlling SV and Cremin are poorly constrained. In fall 2014, we conducted a 6 weeks mesocosm experiment in the subtropical NE Atlantic Ocean to study the influence of plankton community structure on SV and Cremin. Oligotrophic conditions prevailed for the first 3 weeks, until nutrient‐rich deep water injected into all mesocosms stimulated diatom blooms. SV declined steadily over the course of the experiment due to decreasing CaCO3 ballast and – according to an optical proxy proposed herein – due to increasing aggregate porosity mostly during an aggregation event after the diatom bloom. Furthermore, SV was positively correlated with the contribution of picophytoplankton to the total phytoplankton biomass. Cremin was highest during a Synechococcus bloom under oligotrophic conditions and in some mesocosms during the diatom bloom after the deep‐water addition while it was particularly low during harmful algal blooms. The temporal changes were considerably larger in Cremin (max. 15‐fold) than in SV (max. 3‐fold). Accordingly, estimated POC transfer efficiency to 1000 m was mainly dependent on how the plankton community structure affected Cremin. Our approach revealed key players and interactions in the plankton food web influencing POC export efficiency thereby improving our mechanistic understanding of the biological carbon pump. Key points Sinking velocity was higher during oligotrophy than during blooms which is linked to ballast, porosity, and phytoplankton size structure Remineralization was highly variable but tended to be higher during Synechococcus or diatom blooms and lower during harmful algal blooms Plankton community structure had a considerably larger influence on particle remineralization rate than on sinking velocity
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The physiological processes driving the rapid rates of calcification in larval bivalves are poorly understood. Here, we use a calcification substrate-limited approach (low dissolved inorganic carbon, CT) and mRNA sequencing to identify proteins involved in bicarbonate acquisition during shell formation. As a secondary approach, we examined expression of ion transport and shell matrix proteins (SMPs) over the course of larval development and shell formation. We reared four families of Mytilus edulis under ambient (ca. 1865 µmol/kg) and low CT (ca. 941 µmol/kg) conditions and compared expression patterns at six developmental time points. Larvae reared under low CT exhibited a developmental delay, and a small subset of contigs was differentially regulated between ambient and low CT conditions. Of particular note was the identification of one contig encoding an anion transporter (SLC26) which was strongly upregulated (2.3–2.9 fold) under low CT conditions. By analyzing gene expression profiles over the course of larval development, we are able to isolate sequences encoding ion transport and SMPs to enhance our understanding of cellular pathways underlying larval calcification processes. In particular, we observe the differential expression of contigs encoding SLC4 family members (sodium bicarbonate cotransporters, anion exchangers), calcium-transporting ATPases, sodium/calcium exchangers, and SMPs such as nacrein, tyrosinase, and transcripts related to chitin production. With a range of candidate genes, this work identifies ion transport pathways in bivalve larvae and by applying comparative genomics to investigate temporal expression patterns, provides a foundation for further studies to functionally characterize the proteins involved in larval calcification.
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  • 81
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 20 (8). pp. 3841-3860.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Mid‐ocean ridge axes are marked by segmentation of the axes and underlying magmatic systems. Fine‐scale segmentation has mainly been studied along fast‐spreading ridges. Here we offer insight into the third‐ and fourth‐order segmentation of intermediate‐spreading ridges and their temporal evolution. The Alarcón Rise and the Endeavour Segment have similar spreading rates (49 and 52.5 mm/year, respectively) but contrasting morphologies that vary from an axial high with a relatively narrow axial summit trough to an axial valley. One‐meter resolution bathymetry acquired by autonomous underwater vehicles, lava geochemistry, and ages from sediment cores is combined with available seismic reflection profiles to analyze variations in (1) geometry and orientation of the axial summit trough or valley, (2) seafloor depth near the axis, and (3) distribution of hydrothermal vents, (4) lava chemistry, and (5) flow ages between contiguous axes. Along both intermediate‐spreading segments, third‐ and fourth‐order discontinuities and associated segments are similar in dimension to what has been observed along fast‐spreading ridges. The Alarcón Rise and the Endeavour Segment also allow the study of the evolution of fine‐scale segmentation over periods of 300 to 4,000 years. Comparison between old and young axes reveals that the evolution of fine‐scale segmentation depends on the intensity of the magmatic activity. High magmatic periods are associated with rapid evolution of third‐order segments, while low magmatic activity periods, dominated by tectonic deformation and/or hydrothermal activity, are associated with little to no change in segmentation.
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The subterranean flow of water through sand barriers between coastal lagoons and the sea, driven by a positive hydraulic gradient, is a net new pathway for solute transfer to the sea. On the sea side of sand barriers, seawater circulation in the swash-zone generates a flux of recycled and new solutes. The significance and temporal variability of these vectors to the French Mediterranean Sea is unknown, despite lagoons constituting ~ 50% of the coastline. A one-dimensional Ra-224(ex)/Ra-223 reactive-transport model was used to quantify water flow between a coastal lagoon (La Palme) and the sea over a 6-month period. Horizontal flow between the lagoon and sea decreased from ~ 85 cm d(-1) during May 2017 (0.3 m(3) d(-1) m(-1) of shoreline) to ~ 20 cm d(-1) in July and was negligible in the summer months thereafter due to a decreasing hydraulic gradient. Seawater circulation in the swash-zone varied from 10 to 52 cm d(-1) (0.4-2.1 m(3) d(-1) m(-1)), driven by short-term changes in the prevailing wind and wave regimes. Both flow paths supply minor dissolved silica fluxes on the order of ~ 3-10 mmol Si d(-1) m(-1). Lagoon-sea water exchange supplies a net dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) flux (320-1100 mmol C d(-1) m(-1)) two orders of magnitude greater than seawater circulation and may impact coastal ocean acidification. The subterranean flow of water through sand barriers represents a significant source of new DIC, and potentially other solutes, to the Mediterranean Sea during high lagoon water-level periods and should be considered in seasonal element budgets.
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: We study the structure and tectonics of the collision zone between the Nazca Ridge (NR) and the Peruvian margin constrained by seismic, gravimetric, bathymetric, and natural seismological data. The NR was formed in an on-ridge setting, and it is characterized by a smooth and broad shallow seafloor (swell) with an estimated buoyancy flux of ~7 Mg/s. The seismic results show that the NR hosts an oceanic lower crust 10–14 km thick with velocities of 7.2–7.5 km/s suggesting intrusion of magmatic material from the hot spot plume to the oceanic plate. Our results show evidence for subduction erosion in the frontal part of the margin likely enhanced by the collision of the NR. The ridge-trench collision zone correlates with the presence of a prominent normal scarp, a narrow continental slope, and (uplifted) shelf. In contrast, adjacent of the collision zone, the slope does not present a topographic scarp and the continental slope and shelf become wider and deeper. Geophysical and geodetic evidence indicate that the collision zone is characterized by low seismic coupling at the plate interface. This is consistent with vigorous subduction erosion enhanced by the subducting NR causing abrasion and increase of fluid pore pressure at the interplate contact. Furthermore, the NR has behaved as a barrier for rupture propagation of megathrust earthquakes (e.g., 1746 Mw 8.6 and 1942 Mw 8.1 events). In contrast, for moderate earthquakes (e.g., 1996 Mw 7.7 and 2011 Mw 6.9 events), the NR has behaved as a seismic asperity nucleating at depths 〉20 km.
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  • 84
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    Wiley
    In:  Evolution, 73 (12). pp. 2540-2541.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Does disease resistance evolution in vitro reflect resistance evolution in vivo? Hernandez and Koskella conducted serial passage experiments of the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae and two lytic bacteriophages in high‐nutrient medium (in vitro) and in a tomato plant (in vivo). High levels of bacterial resistance to phages evolved in vitro but not in vivo, suggesting that high costs and low benefits of resistance explain the observed pattern.
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  • 85
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    Unknown
    Wiley
    In:  Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 33 (20). pp. 1553-1564.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Rationale: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an atmospheric trace gas regulating Earth's climate, and is a key intermediate of many nitrogen cycling processes in aquatic ecosystems. Laser-based technology for N2O concentration and isotopic/isotopomeric analyses has potential advantages, which include high analytical specificity, low sample size requirement and reduced cost. Methods: An autosampler with a purge-and-trap module is coupled to a cavity ring-down spectrometer to achieve automated and high-throughput measurements of N2O concentrations, N2O isotope ratios (δ15Nbulk and δ18O values) and position-specific isotopomer ratios (δ15Nα and δ15Nβ values). The system provides accuracy and precision similar to those for measurements made by traditional isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) techniques. Results: The sample sizes required were 0.01–1.1 nmol-N2O. Measurements of four N2O isotopic/isotopomeric references were cross-calibrated with those obtained by IRMS. With a sample size of 0.50 nmol-N2O, the measurement precision (1σ) for δ15Nα, δ15Nβ, δ15Nbulk and δ18O values was 0.61, 0.33, 0.41 and 0.43‰, respectively. Correction schemes were developed for sample size-dependent isotopic/isotopomeric deviations. The instrumental system demonstrated consistent measurements of dissolved N2O concentrations, isotope/isotopomer ratios and production rates in seawater. Conclusions: The coupling of an autosampler with a purge-and-trap module to a cavity ring-down spectrometer not only significantly reduces sample size requirements, but also offers comprehensive investigation of N2O production pathways by the measurement of natural abundance and tracer level isotopes and isotopomers. Furthermore, the system can perform isotopic analyses of dissolved and solid nitrogen-containing samples using N2O as the analytical proxy.
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Distinct differences were observed in geochemical signatures in sediments from two sites drilled in the upper plate of the Costa Rica margin during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 334. The upper 80 m at Site U1379, located on the outer shelf, show pore water non‐steady state conditions characteristic of a declining methane flux. These contrast with analyses of the upper sediment layers at the middle slope site (U1378) that reflect steady state conditions. Distinct carbonate‐rich horizons up to 11 meters thick were recovered between 63 and 310 meters below seafloor at Site U1379 but were not found at Site U1378. The carbonates and dissolved inorganic carbon from Site U1379 have a depleted carbon stable isotope signal (up to ‐25‰) that indicates anaerobic methane oxidation. This inference is further supported by distinct δ34S‐pyrite and magnetic susceptibility records that reveal fluctuations of the sulfate‐methane transition in response to methane flux variations. Tectonic reconstructions of this margin document a marked subsidence event after arrival of the Cocos Ridge, 2.2 ± 0.2 million years ago (Ma), followed by increased sedimentation rates and uplift. As the seafloor at Site U1379 rose from ~2000 m to the present water depth of ~126 m, the site moved out of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) at ~1.1 Ma, triggering upward methane advection, methane oxidation, and the onset of massive carbonate formation. Younger carbonate occurrences and the non‐steady state pore profiles at Site U1379 reflect continued episodic venting likely modulated by changes in the underlying methane reservoir.
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays critical roles in marine carbon cycling, but its sources and sinks remain uncertain. In this study, we monitored DOC exudation rates of Sargassum natans under visible light (lambda 〉 390 nm) and solar radiation. DOC release rates ranged from 7 to 10 mu g C g(biomass)(-1) hr(-1) (wet weight) under visible light, but increased to 23 to 41 mu g C g(biomass)(-1) hr(-1) when exposed to natural sunlight. Results indicate that DOC released by Sargassum could amount to 0.3 to 1.2 Tg C/year, potentially contributing significantly to the marine DOC pool in the Gulf of Mexico and Western North Atlantic. We employed the Folin-Ciocalteu phenolic content method, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to characterize the diverse pool of organic compounds exuded from Sargassum. Results from these complementary methods showed that Sargassum release large quantities of phlorotannins, a class of polyphenols that have very similar properties to terrestrial DOC. These phlorotannins and their oxygenated phenolic derivatives exhibit a high hydrogen deficiency and functionalization (i.e., 4 to 6 oxygen atoms per aromatic ring), representing 5 to 18% of the released DOC isolated by solid phase extraction. Thus, Sargassum is the largest biological source of open ocean polyphenols recorded to date. The amount of polyphenolic DOC released by Sargassum challenges previous beliefs that all polyphenols found within the oceans are remnants of terrestrial organic matter, although the stability of phlorotannins and their derivatives needs to be further evaluated.
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  • 88
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 20 (11). pp. 5126-5147.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: We present a three-dimensional gas hydrate systems model of the southern Hikurangi subduction margin in eastern New Zealand. The model integrates thermal and microbial gas generation, migration, and hydrate formation. Modeling these processes has improved the understanding of factors controlling hydrate distribution. Three spatial trends of concentrated hydrate occurrence are predicted. The first trend (I) is aligned with the principal deformation front in the overriding Australian plate. Concentrated hydrate deposits are predicted at or near the apexes of anticlines and to be mainly sourced from focused migration and recycling of microbial gas generated beneath the hydrate stability zone. A second predicted trend (II) is related to deformation in the subducting Pacific plate associated with former Mesozoic subduction beneath Gondwana and the modern Pacific-Australian plate boundary. This trend is enhanced by increased advection of thermogenic gas through permeable layers in the subducting plate and focused migration into the Neogene basin fill above Cretaceous-Paleogene structures. The third trend (III) follows the northern margin of the Hikurangi Channel and is related to the presence of buried strata of the Hikurangi Channel system. The predicted trends are consistent with pronounced seismic reflection anomalies related to free gas in the pore space and strength of the bottom-simulating reflection. However, only trend I is also associated with clear and widespread seismic indications of concentrated gas hydrate. Total predicted hydrate masses at the southern Hikurangi Margin are between 52,800 and 69,800 Mt. This equates to 3.4–4.5 Mt hydrate/km2, containing 6.33 × 108–8.38 × 108 m3/km2 of methane.
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Global climatic changes during the last Glacial and Deglacial have been related to variations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Here, we present new and refined 231Pa/230Th down‐core profiles extending back to 30 ka BP from the northwestern Atlantic along the Atlantic Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC), which is the main component of the southward deep backflow of the AMOC. Besides the well‐known Bermuda Rise records, available high‐resolution 231Pa/230Th data in the northwestern Atlantic are still sparse. Our new records along with reconstructions of deep water provenance from Nd isotopes constrain the timing and magnitude of past changes in AMOC from an additional northwestern Atlantic region forming a depth transect between 3000 and 4760 m water depth. Our extended and improved dataset confirms the weakening of the AMOC during deglacial cold spells such as Heinrich Event 1 and the Younger Dryas interrupted by a reinvigoration during the Bølling‐Allerød interstadial as seen in the prominent 231Pa/230Th records from the Bermuda Rise. However, in contrast to the Bermuda Rise records we find a clearly reduced circulation strength during the Last Glacial Maximum in the deep Atlantic.
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Gelatinous zooplankton (Cnidaria, Ctenophora, and Urochordata, namely, Thaliacea) are ubiquitous members of plankton communities linking primary production to higher trophic levels and the deep ocean by serving as food and transferring “jelly‐carbon” (jelly‐C) upon bloom collapse. Global biomass within the upper 200 m reaches 0.038 Pg C, which, with a 2–12 months life span, serves as the lower limit for annual jelly‐C production. Using over 90,000 data points from 1934 to 2011 from the Jellyfish Database Initiative as an indication of global biomass (JeDI: http://jedi.nceas.ucsb.edu, http://www.bco‐dmo.org/dataset/526852), upper ocean jelly‐C biomass and production estimates, organism vertical migration, jelly‐C sinking rates, and water column temperature profiles from GLODAPv2, we quantitatively estimate jelly‐C transfer efficiency based on Longhurst Provinces. From the upper 200 m production estimate of 0.038 Pg C year−1, 59–72% reaches 500 m, 46–54% reaches 1,000 m, 43–48% reaches 2,000 m, 32–40% reaches 3,000 m, and 25–33% reaches 4,500 m. This translates into ~0.03, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.01 Pg C year−1, transferred down to 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,500 m, respectively. Jelly‐C fluxes and transfer efficiencies can occasionally exceed phytodetrital‐based sediment trap estimates in localized open ocean and continental shelves areas under large gelatinous blooms or jelly‐C mass deposition events, but this remains ephemeral and transient in nature. This transfer of fast and permanently exported carbon reaching the ocean interior via jelly‐C constitutes an important component of the global biological soft‐tissue pump, and should be addressed in ocean biogeochemical models, in particular, at the local and regional scale.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Sea surface salinity (SSS) is an important variable in the global ocean circulation. However, decadal to interdecadal changes in SSS are not well understood due to the lack of instrumental data. Here we reconstruct SSS from a paired, bimonthly resolved coral δ18O and Sr/Ca record from La Reunion Island that extends from 1913 to 1995. Coral Sr/Ca correlates with regional sea surface temperature (SST) back to 1966, when instrumental coverage is good, while coral δ18O does not. The slope of the monthly (annual mean) coral Sr/Ca-SST regression is −0.040 mmol/mol per 1 °C (−0.068 mmol/mol per 1 °C) consistent with published estimates of the Sr/Ca-SST relationship. Coral Sr/Ca suggest a warming of 0.39 °C since 1913. δ18O seawater is calculated by subtracting the temperature component from measured coral δ18O, using coral Sr/Ca as well as historical SST products. The derived δ18O seawater reconstructions are correlated (r 〉 0.6), and all show a significant shift in the midtwentieth century (−0.17‰ to −0.19‰), indicating a freshening of SSS by 0.7 psu. However, the timing of this shift depends on the temperature component and varies from 1947 (δ18O seawater calculated with historical SST) to the late 1950s (δ18O seawater calculated with coral Sr/Ca). Coral Sr/Ca shows warm temperature anomalies in the mid-1950s, while historical SST products show warm anomalies from 1940 to 1945 followed by cooling in the 1950s, a pattern typical for the World War II bias. This suggests that historical SST may bias reconstructions of δ18O seawater and SSS from corals.
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Aim: Numerous regions worldwide are highly impacted by anthropogenic activities and globalization, with climate change and species introductions being among the greatest stressors to biodiversity and ecosystems. A main donor region of non‐indigenous species (NIS) for numerous European water bodies, as well as in the North American Great Lakes is the Ponto‐Caspian region (i.e., Black, Azov and Caspian Seas), with some of those species having significant impact on local communities and ecosystem functioning. Location: Northern European, Ponto‐Caspian and North American regions. Methods: To determine environmental tolerance of native species and related NIS under current and future global warming scenarios of the Baltic Sea, we conducted common garden experiments to test temperature tolerance of three euryhaline gammarid species: one Baltic (Gammarus oceanicus), one Ponto‐Caspian (Pontogammarus maeoticus) and one North American species (Gammarus tigrinus) in two different salinities. Results: Our results determined that mortality of P. maeoticus in all temperature treatments (i.e., increased, control, and decreased) at the end of both experiments (i.e., conducted in salinities of 10 and 16 g/kg) was lower when compared to mortality of G. oceanicus and (c) G. tigrinus. The highest mortality was observed for G. oceanicus, reaching 100% in both experiments in the increased temperature treatment. Main conclusions: Due to the high environmental tolerance of the Ponto‐Caspian species tested in this study, as well as the fact that Ponto‐Caspian species evolved in environmentally variable habitats and currently inhabit warmer waters than species from North America and Northern Europe, we suggest that species from the Ponto‐Caspian region may benefit from global warming when invading new areas. Those new invasions may, in the best case scenario, increase biodiversity of the Baltic Sea. However, if notorious invaders arrive, they may have a significant impact on local communities and ecosystem functioning.
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Reconstruction of early Cenozoic deep‐water circulation is one of the keys to modelling Earth's greenhouse‐to‐icehouse surface evolution, but it has long been hampered by the paucity of information from the central South Pacific. To help overcome this knowledge gap, we present new micropalaeontological data from dredged carbonates (R/V Sonne Expedition SO193) at several eastern volcanic salients of the Manihiki Plateau. Interestingly, despite appreciable longitudinal separations among the dredged sites, ages indicated by the foraminiferal assemblages are consistently around the Middle Eocene [including mixed Turonian (Late Cretaceous)/Eocene at a single site], suggesting widespread post‐Eocene cessation of the pelagic sedimentation. By integrating with independent seismic and chronostratigraphic data (Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 33) for large‐scale erosion of top‐Eocene–Oligocene sedimentary units on the eastern Manihiki Plateau, our results can be viewed as novel physical evidence for the intensification of central South Pacific deep‐water circulation since the Eocene/Oligocene climatic transition.
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  • 94
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    Wiley | AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124 (4). pp. 2404-2417.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The interaction between the atmosphere, specifically the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the North Atlantic ocean circulation on sub‐decadal timescale is analyzed in a subset of models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). From preindustrial control runs of at least 500 years length, we derive anomaly patterns in the atmospheric and ocean circulation and of air‐sea heat exchange. All models simulate a distinct dipolar oceanic overturning anomaly at the sub‐decadal timescale, with centers at 30° N and 55° N. The dipolar overturning anomaly goes along with marked anomalies in the North Atlantic sea surface temperature and gyre circulation. Lag‐regression analyses demonstrate, with relatively small ensemble spread, how the atmosphere and the ocean circulation interact. The dipolar anomalies in the overturning are forced by NAO‐related wind stress curl anomalies. Anomalous surface heat fluxes in concert with anomalous vertical motions drive a meridional dipolar heat content anomaly in the upper ocean, and it is this dipolar heat content anomaly which carries the coupled system from one phase of the sub‐decadal cycle to the other by reversing the tendencies in the overturning circulation. The coupled sub‐decadal variability derived from the CMIP5 models is characterized by three elements: a wind‐driven part steering the dipolar overturning anomaly, surface heat flux anomalies that support a heat build‐up in the subpolar gyre region, and the heat storage memory which is instrumental in the phase reversal of the NAO.
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Rationale Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient in plants and its isotope variations are used to gain insights into plant metabolism, which is important for crop plant cultivation. B isotope variations were used to trace intraplant fractionation mechanisms in response to the B concentration in the irrigation water spanning the range from B depletion to toxic levels. Methods A fully validated analytical procedure based on MC‐ICP‐MS, sample decomposition and B matrix separation was applied to study B isotope fractionation. The validation was accomplished by establishing a complete uncertainty budget and by applying reference materials, yielding expanded measurement uncertainties of 0.8 ‰ for pure boric acid solutions and ≤ 1.5 ‰ for processed samples. With this validated procedure SI traceable B isotope amount ratios were determined in plant reference materials for the first time. Results The B isotope compositions of irrigation water and bell pepper samples suggest passive diffusion of the heavy 11B isotope into the roots during low to high B concentrations while uptake of the light 10B isotope was promoted during B depletion, probably by active processes. A systematic enrichment of the heavy 11B isotope in higher located plant parts was observed (average Δ11Bleaf‐roots = 20.3 ± 2.8 ‰ (1 SD)), possibly by a facilitated transport of the heavy 11B to growing meristems by B transporters. Conclusions B isotopes can be used to identify plant metabolism in response to the B concentration in the irrigation water and during intraplant B transfer. The large B isotope fractionation within the plants demonstrates the importance of biological B cycling for the global B cycle.
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  • 96
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    Unknown
    Royal Meteorological Society | Wiley
    In:  Atmospheric Science Letters, 20 (5). e900.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Recent studies using reanalysis data and complex models suggest that the Tropics influence midlatitude blocking. Here, the influence of tropical precipitation anomalies is investigated further using a dry dynamical model driven by specified diabatic heating anomalies. The model uses a quasi‐realistic setup based on idealized orography and an idealized representation of the land‐ocean thermal contrast. Results concerning the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Madden‐Julian Oscillation are mostly consistent with previous studies and emphasize the importance of tropical dynamics for driving the variability of blocking at midlatitudes. It is also shown that a common bias in models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), namely, excessive tropical precipitation, leads to an underestimation of midlatitude blocking in our model, also a common bias in the CMIP5 models. The strongest blocking anomalies associated with the tropical precipitation bias are found over Europe, where the underestimation of blocking in CMIP5 models is also particularly strong.
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  • 97
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    Unknown
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 34 (5). pp. 866-885.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Key Points: - Rapid subsurface oceanographic change in the tropical W Atlantic reflect shifting Subtropical Gyre - Subsurface warming responds to deglacial AMOC perturbations (Heinrich Stadials 2, 1, and the Younger Dryas) - Southward propagation of Salinity Maximum Water during Northern Hemisphere cold spells shift the mixing zone of tropical and subtropical waters During times of deglacial Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) perturbations, the tropical Atlantic experienced considerable warming at subsurface levels. Coupled ocean‐atmosphere simulations corroborate the tight teleconnection between the tropical Atlantic and climate change at high northern latitudes, but still underestimate the relevance of the subsurface N Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (STG) for heat and salt storage and its sensitivity to rapid climatic change. We here reconstruct vertical and lateral temperature and salinity gradients in the tropical W Atlantic and the Caribbean over the last 30 kyrs, based on planktic deep and shallow dwelling foraminiferal Mg/Ca and δ18O‐records. The rapid and large amplitude subsurface changes illustrate a dynamic STG associated with abrupt shifts of North Atlantic hydrographic and atmospheric regimes. During full glacial conditions, the STG has been shifted southward while intensified Ekman‐downwelling associated to strengthened trade winds fostered the formation of warm and saline Salinity Maximum Water (SMW). The southward propagation of SMW was facilitated by the glacially eastward deflected North Brazil Current. During periods of significant AMOC perturbations (Heinrich Stadials 1, and the Younger Dryas), extreme subsurface warming by ~6°C led to diminished lateral subsurface temperature gradients. Coevally, a deep thermocline suggests that SMW fully occupied the subsurface tropical W Atlantic and that the STG reached its southernmost position. During the Holocene, modern‐like conditions gradually developed with the northward retreat of SMW and the development of a strong thermocline ridge between the Subtropical Gyre and the tropical W Atlantic.
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Quaternary East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) evolution has long been attributed to high-latitude Northern Hemisphere climate change. However, it cannot explain the distinct relationships of the EAWM in the northern and southern East Asian marginal sea in paleoclimatic records. Here we present an EAWM record of the northern East China Sea over the past 300 ka and a transient climate simulation with the Kiel Climate Model through the Holocene. Both proxy record and simulation suggest anticorrelated long-term EAWM evolution between the northern East China Sea and the South China Sea. We suggest that this spatial discrepancy of EAWM can be interpreted as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like controlling, which generates cyclonic/anticyclonic wind anomalies in the northern/southern East Asian marginal sea. This research explains much of the controversy in nonorbital scale variability of Quaternary EAWM records in the East Asian marginal sea and supports a potent role of tropical forcing in East Asian winter climate change.
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: New marine geophysical data acquired across the partly ice‐covered northern East Greenland continental margin highlight a complex interaction between tectonic and magmatic events. Breakup‐related lava flows are imaged in reflection seismic data as seaward dipping reflectors (SDRs), which are found to decrease in size both northwards and southwards from a central point at 75° N. We provide evidence that the magnetic anomaly pattern in the shelf area is related to volcanic phases and not to the presence of oceanic crust. The remnant magnetization of the individual lava flows is used to deduce a relative timing of the emplacement of the volcanic wedges. We find that the SDRs have been emplaced over a period of 2‐4 Ma progressively from north to south and from landward to seaward. The new data indicate a major post‐middle Eocene magmatic phase around the landward termination of the West Jan Mayen Fracture Zone. This post‐40 Ma volcanism likely was associated with the progressive separation of the Jan Mayen microcontinent from East Greenland. The break‐up of the Greenland Sea started at several isolated seafloor spreading cells whose location was controlled by rift structures and led to the present‐day segmentation of the margin. The original rift basins were subsequently connected by steady‐state seafloor spreading that propagated southwards, from the Greenland Fracture Zone to the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone. Key Points Polyphase Cenozoic volcanic rifting and consecutive emplacement of breakup‐related lava flows units along the northern East Greenland margin Breakup along restricted margin segments is followed by north to south directed progressive opening of the Greenland Sea Widespread post‐middle Eocene (〈 40 Ma) offshore magmatism, associated with the breakup of the Jan Mayen microcontinent from East Greenland
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The dense AlpArray network allows studying seismic wave propagation with high spatial resolution. Here we introduce an array approach to measure arrival angles of teleseismic Rayleigh waves. The approach combines the advantages of phase correlation as in the two-station method with array beamforming to obtain the phase-velocity vector. 20 earthquakes from the first two years of the AlpArray project are selected, and spatial patterns of arrival-angle deviations across the AlpArray are shown in maps, depending on period and earthquake location. The cause of these intriguing spatial patterns is discussed. A simple wave-propagation modelling example using an isolated anomaly and a Gaussian beam solution suggests that much of the complexity can be explained as a result of wave interference after passing a structural anomaly along the wave paths. This indicates that arrival-angle information constitutes useful additional information on the Earth structure, beyond what is currently used in inversions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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