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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018-03-13
    Description: Aerosol and rain sampling in two size fractions was carried out at a rural site located on the coast of the eastern Mediterranean, Erdemli, Turkey (36∘33′54′′ N, 34∘15′18′′ E). A total of 674 aerosol samples in two size fractions (337 coarse, 337 fine) and 23 rain samples were collected between March 2014 and April 2015. Samples were analyzed for NO3-, NH4+ and ancillary water-soluble ions using ion chromatography and water-soluble total nitrogen (WSTN) by applying a high-temperature combustion method. The mean aerosol water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) was 23.8 ± 16.3 nmol N m−3, reaching a maximum of 79 nmol N m−3, with about 66 % being associated with coarse particles. The volume weighted mean (VWM) concentration of WSON in rain was 21.5 µmol N L−1. The WSON contributed 37 and 29 % to the WSTN in aerosol and rainwater, respectively. Aerosol WSON concentrations exhibited large temporal variation, mainly due to meteorology and the origin of air mass flow. The highest mean aerosol WSON concentration was observed in the summer and was attributed to the absence of rain and resuspension of cultivated soil in the region. The mean concentration of WSON during dust events (38.2 ± 17.5 nmol N m−3) was 1.3 times higher than that of non-dust events (29.4 ± 13.9 nmol N m−3). Source apportionment analysis demonstrated that WSON was originated from agricultural activities (43 %), secondary aerosol (20 %), nitrate (22 %), crustal material (10 %) and sea salt (5 %). The dry and wet depositions of WSON were equivalent and amounted to 36 % of the total atmospheric WSTN flux.
    Print ISSN: 1680-7316
    Electronic ISSN: 1680-7324
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-25
    Description: Charge-coupled device (CCD) spectrometers are widely used as detectors in analytical laboratory instruments and as sensors for in situ optical measurements. However, as the applications become more complex, the physical and electronic limits of the CCD spectrometers may restrict their applicability. The errors due to dark currents, temperature variations, and blooming can be readily corrected. However, a correction for uncertainty of integration time and wavelength calibration is typically lacking in most devices, and detector non-linearity may distort the signal by up to 5% for some measurements. Here, we propose a simple correction method to compensate for non-linearity errors in optical measurements where compact CCD spectrometers are used. The results indicate that the error due to the non-linearity of a spectrometer can be reduced from several hundred counts to about 40 counts if the proposed correction function is applied.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-08-24
    Description: Two-sized aerosol and rain sampling were carried out at a rural site located on the coast of the Eastern Mediterranean, Erdemli, Turkey (36°33′54″ N and 34°15′18″ E). A total of 674 aerosol samples in two size fraction (coarse = 337; fine = 337) and 23 rain samples were collected between March 2014 and April 2015. Samples were analyzed for NO3−, NH4+ and ancillary water-soluble ions by Ion Chromatography and water-soluble total nitrogen (WSTN) by applying a High Temperature Combustion Method. The mean aerosol WSON was 23.8 ± 16.3 nmol N m−3, reaching a maximum of 79 nmol N m−3, with about 66 % being associated with coarse particles. The volume weighted mean (VWM) concentration of WSON in rain was 21.5 µmol N L−1. The WSON contributed 37 % and 29 % to the WSTN in aerosol and rainwater, respectively. Aerosol WSON concentrations exhibited large temporal variations mainly due to rain and the origin of air mass flow. The highest mean aerosol WSON concentration was observed in the summer and was attributed to the absence of rain and re-suspension of cultivated soil in the region. The mean concentration of WSON during dust events (38.2 ± 17.5 nmol N m−3) was 1.3 times higher than that of non-dust events (29.4 ± 13.9 nmol N m−3). Source apportionment analysis demonstrated that WSON was originated from agricultural activities (43 %), secondary aerosol (20 %), nitrate (22 %), crustal (10 %) and sea-salt (5 %). The dry and wet depositions of WSON were equivalent and amounted to 36 % of the total atmospheric WTSN flux. Considering the Cilician Basin, the atmospheric water-soluble nitrogen flux would sustain 33 % and 76 % of the new production in the associated coastal and open waters, respectively.
    Electronic ISSN: 1680-7375
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Validated prototypes of new and enhanced biogeochemical and biological sensors and instruments. Validation will be undertaken in the laboratory, in test scenarios, and by deployment in operational conditions
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    GEOMAR
    In:  GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, 3 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-09-24
    Description: 09.09. bis 12.09.2019
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Geological Survey of Canada
    In:  In: Summary of 2018 Mackenzie Delta permafrost field campaign (mCAN2018), Northwest Territories. , ed. by Boike, J. and Dallimore, S. R. Geological Survey of Canada Open File, 8640 . Geological Survey of Canada, pp. 19-20.
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Copernicus Puplications (EGU)
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18 (5). pp. 3603-3618.
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Aerosol and rain sampling in two size fractions was carried out at a rural site located on the coast of the eastern Mediterranean, Erdemli, Turkey (36∘33′54'' N, 34∘15′18'' E). A total of 674 aerosol samples in two size fractions (337 coarse, 337 fine) and 23 rain samples were collected between March 2014 and April 2015. Samples were analyzed for NO−3, NH+4 and ancillary water-soluble ions using ion chromatography and water-soluble total nitrogen (WSTN) by applying a high-temperature combustion method. The mean aerosol water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) was 23.8 ± 16.3 nmol N m−3, reaching a maximum of 79 nmol N m−3, with about 66 % being associated with coarse particles. The volume weighted mean (VWM) concentration of WSON in rain was 21.5 µmol N L−1. The WSON contributed 37 and 29 % to the WSTN in aerosol and rainwater, respectively. Aerosol WSON concentrations exhibited large temporal variation, mainly due to meteorology and the origin of air mass flow. The highest mean aerosol WSON concentration was observed in the summer and was attributed to the absence of rain and resuspension of cultivated soil in the region. The mean concentration of WSON during dust events (38.2 ± 17.5 nmol N m−3) was 1.3 times higher than that of non-dust events (29.4 ± 13.9 nmol N m−3). Source apportionment analysis demonstrated that WSON was originated from agricultural activities (43 %), secondary aerosol (20 %), nitrate (22 %), crustal material (10 %) and sea salt (5 %). The dry and wet depositions of WSON were equivalent and amounted to 36 % of the total atmospheric WSTN flux.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    In:  [Poster] In: 1. International AtlantOS Symposium, 25.-29.03.2019, Paris, France .
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: The oceans play an important role in aspects of global sustainability, including climate change, food security and human health. Because of its vast dimensions, internal complexity, and limited accessibility, efficient monitoring and predicting of the ocean forms a collaborative effort of regional and global scale. A key requirement for ocean observing is the need to follow well-defined approaches. Summarized under “Ocean Best Practices” (OBP) are all aspects of ocean observing that require proper and agreed-on documentation, from manuals and standard operating procedures for sensors, strategies for structuring observing systems and associated products, to ethical and governance aspects when executing ocean observing. In Task 6.2 we have developed new tools, and organized workshops with outcomes of Best Practice manuals and scientific publications. The focus has been on improving accuracy of trace element measurements in seawater and also of marine omics analysis, and enhancing reliability, interoperability and quality of sensor measurements for dissolved oxygen, nutrients and carbonate chemistry measurements.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Charge-coupled device (CCD) spectrometers are widely used as detectors in analytical laboratory instruments and as sensors for in situ optical measurements. However, as the applications become more complex, the physical and electronic limits of the CCD spectrometers may restrict their applicability. The errors due to dark currents, temperature variations, and blooming can be readily corrected. However, a correction for uncertainty of integration time and wavelength calibration is typically lacking in most devices, and detector non-linearity may distort the signal by up to 5% for some measurements. Here, we propose a simple correction method to compensate for non-linearity errors in optical measurements where compact CCD spectrometers are used. The results indicate that the error due to the non-linearity of a spectrometer can be reduced from several hundred counts to about 40 counts if the proposed correction function is applied.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Nitrate, an essential nutrient for primary production in natural waters, is optically detectable in the ultraviolet spectral region of 217–240 nm, with no chemical reagents required. Optical nitrate sensors allow monitoring at high temporal and spatial resolutions that are difficult to achieve with traditional approaches involving collection of discrete water samples followed by wet-chemical laboratory analysis. The optical nitrate measurements are however subject to matrix interferences in seawater, including bromide, at the spectral range of interest. Significant progress has been made over the last 10 years in improving data quality for seawater nitrate analysis using the ISUS and SUNA (Seabird Scientific, United States) optical sensors. Standardization of sensor calibration and data processing procedures are important for ensuring comparability of marine nitrate data reported in different studies. Here, we improved the calibration and data processing of the OPUS sensor (TriOS GmbH, Germany), and tested five OPUS sensors simultaneously deployed under identical conditions in the laboratory in terms of inter-sensor similarities and differences. We also improved the sampling interval of the OPUS to 3 s in a continuous mode by a custom-built controller, which facilitates the integration of the sensor into autonomous profiling systems. Real-time, high-resolution, in situ measurements were conducted through (1) underway surface measurements in the southeastern North Sea and (2) depth profiles on a conductivity–temperature–depth frame in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. The nitrate data computed from the optical measurements of the sensor agreed with data from discrete water samples analyzed via conventional wet-chemical methods. This work demonstrates that the OPUS sensor, with improved calibration and data processing procedures, allows in situ quantification of nitrate concentrations in dynamic coastal waters and the open ocean, with an accuracy better than ∼2 μM and short-term precision of 0.4 μM NO 3 – . The OPUS has a unique depth rating of 6,000 m and is a good and cost-effective nitrate sensor for the research community.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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