ALBERT

Beschreibung: Inhaltsverzeichnis : EHLERS, J. & MENSCHING, H.: Küstenversatz und Prielverlagerungen an der Nordseeküste. S. 9-22 ; FRÄNZLE, O.: Periglaziäre Formung der Altmoränengebiete Schleswig-Holsteins. S. 23-35 ; HEMPEL, L.: Rezente und fossile Mesoformen der Abtragung und Aufschüttung in Ausräumen von Schichtkammlandschaften im Teutoburger Wald. S. 37-47 ; LEHMEIER, F.: Zum Formenschatz der Schichtkammlandschaft im Niedersächsischen Bergland. S. 49-61 ; GARLEFF, K., BRUNOTTE, E. & STINGL, H.: Fußflächen im zentralen Teil der Hessischen Senke. S. 63-76 ; MÖLLER, K.: Das Eschweger Becken und seine Randbereiche — Ergebnisse geomorphographischer und hydrochemischer Analysen. S. 77-92 ; GLATTHAAR, D.: Vertikalbewegungen und ihre Bedeutung für die Formenentwicklung im Westerwald. S. 93-106 ; MÜLLER, M.J.: Periglaziärfluviale, solifluidale und abluale Formung im westlichen Hunsrück und am Ostrand der Trier-Bitburger Mulde. S. 107-118 ; BARSCH, D. & MÄUSBACHER, R.: Zur fluvialen Dynamik beim Aufbau des Neckarschwemmfächers. S. 119-128 ; LESER, H.: Schichtstufen und Talrandstufen in Südwestdeutschland. S. 129-147 ; FARRENKOPF, D.: Relief und Wasserhaushalt im Eyachtal, Nordschwarzwald. S. 149-154 ; LESER, H. & METZ, B.: Vergletscherungen im Hochschwarzwald. S. 155-175 ; HABBE, K.A.: Was kann eine geomorphologische Vollkartierung für die Stratigraphie des Quartärs leisten? S. 177-196 ; RATHJENS, C.: Jungglaziale Formung und spätglazialer Eisabbau im Chiemgau. S. 197-205 ; FISCHER, K.: Die würmzeitliche und stadiale Vergletscherung der Berchtesgadener Alpen. S. 207-225 ;

Beschreibung: research

Beschreibung: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Beschreibung: Zur Vereinfachung wird die Vielfalt der Karstformenbezeichnungen bereinigt. Erdfall wird als Form, die in nicht verkarstungsfähigen Serien liegt, aber auf Tiefensubrosion zurückgeht, der Doline, einer Form, die in verkarstungsfähigem Material liegt, gegenübergestellt. Als Grundlage der Arbeit wurde eine detaillierte Kartierung der Auslaugungsformen durchgeführt. Hinsichtlich rezenter Subrosion erwies es sich als notwendig, die in Oberflächenwässern und wasserwirtschaftlich erfaßten Wässern gelösten Bestandteile von Chlorid, Sulfat und Karbonat zu ermitteln. Die Auswertung der gewonnenen Daten zeigt, daß ein Zusammenhang mit Gebieten besteht, die durch aktuelle Erdfälle und Dolineneinbrüche gekennzeichnet sind. Als Voraussetzung zur Reliefgenese gilt, daß das Gebiet des Unterwerra-Sattels entscheidend durch die saxonische Gebirgsbildung an der Wende Jura/Kreide und die nachfolgende klimageomorphologische Entwicklung geprägt ist. Anhand der geomorphographischen Analyse wird der Einfluß der Salz-, aber auch der Sulfatauslaugung auf die Landschaftsgenese belegt. Die Auslaugung des Salzes (Nal), dessen Mächtigkeit im Untersuchungsgebiet mit mindestens 120 m angenommen wird, und der unterlagernden ca. 130 m nächtigen Zechsteingipse (A 1 - A 3) zerrüttet die überlagernden triassischen Schichten weiter. Darüber hinaus wirkt die Subrosion von mehr als 30 m Rötgipsen und 50 m Gipsen des Mittleren Muschelkalkes im Hangenden des Zechsteins reliefformend. Die ermittelten Ergebnisse - rezente und subrezente Formen, Lösungswerte – werden zunächst in kleineren Gebietseinheiten analysiert. Die Ergebnisse der Nasseranalysen bestätigen das geomorphographische Ergebnis, so daß in Anlehnung an die Gipshorizonte von Stockwerkssubrosion gesprochen werden kann. Entscheidend geprägt ist die heutige Situation jedoch durch vorangegangene Zechsteinsalzauslaugung im tieferen Untergrund. Diese hat in den Hangendserien die Wasserwegsamkeit verstärkt, so daß die nachfolgende Sulfatsubrosion den Kleinformenschatz vor der Schichtstufe des Mittleren Buntsandsteins steuern konnte. Aufgrund ihrer für Auslaugungsgebiete typischen Ausprägung wird die Lage der Schichtstufe in weiten Teilen des Untersuchungsgebietes an das in Auslaugung befindliche Salz geknüpft. Das Auftreten von Subrosionsformen vor der Landstufe des Kaufunger Waldes, den östlichen Meißnerhängen, dem Anstieg des Schlierbachswaldes sowie vor dem Anstieg des Buntsandsteins zwischen Heldra, Frieda und Bad Sooden-Allendorf untermauert diese Interpretation. In der südlichen und südöstlichen Umrahmung des Untersuchungsgebietes wird der Salzhang aufgrund geomorphographischer Kriterien unter dem Steilanstieg des Unteren Muschelkalkes ausgewiesen. Aufgrund dieser Befunde wird die primäre Salzverbreitung als über den Unterwerra-Sattel reichend angenommen, womit sich, abgesehen von den Einflüssen der saxonischen Tektonik, alle Reliefentwicklungsprozesse allein durch Auslaugung und folgende geomorphologische Überprägung erklären lassen. Darüber hinaus ist dieses Gebiet in Nordhessen nicht nur durch eine über alle Schichten hinweggreifende Rumpfflächenbildung gekennzeichnet, sondern die Resistenzunterschiede wurden - unabhängig vom Klima - beständig herausgearbeitet. Aus diesen Ergebnissen wurde ein übergeordnetes Modell zur Reliefentwicklung erstellt. Danach existieren im Untersuchungsgebiet fünf Reliefgenerationen, wobei die postsaxonische Reliefentwicklung mit zerstörtem, die Auslaugung begünstigendem Hangendverband nach der Landhebung bzw. dem Einbruch der das Gebiet begrenzenden Grabenstrukturen, die bis ins Alttertiär reicht, nicht erfaßt werden konnte. [...]

Beschreibung: research

Beschreibung: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Beschreibung: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Ergebnisse hydrologischer und stratigraphischer Studien zur Entwicklungsgeschichte von Brandenburger Kesselmooren vorgestellt. Für die Erfassung der aktuellen und historischen biotischen und abiotischen Standortfaktoren wurden verschiedene Methoden angewandt: floristische und vegetationskundliche Untersuchungen sowie hydrologische, hydrochemische, geochemische, geophysikalische und sedimentologische Untersuchungen und Makrorest-‚ Mikrorest- und Pollenanalyse. Der zeitlichen Einordnung der entwicklungsgeschichtlichen Prozesse dienten Radiocarbondatierungen und die pollenanalytischen Untersuchungen. Ziel der Arbeit war es, Entwicklungsstadien auszuscheiden, die von den untersuchten Mooren seit ihrer Entstehung durchlaufen wurden. Aufgrund der stratigraphischen Untersuchungen wurden Aussagen zur Beckengenese und zu den einzelnen See- und Moorentwicklungsphasen getroffen, zum Verlandungsvorgang, zu Moorbildungsbedingungen und Sukzessionsstadien. Den Entwicklungsstadien konnten über geochemische und -physikalische Untersuchungen abiotische Standortfaktoren zugeordnet werden. Die aktuellen Standortveränderungen wurden erfaßt und die vorgenommenen Erhaltungs- und Wiedervernässungsmaßnahmen dokumentiert und bewertet.

Beschreibung: research

Beschreibung: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Beschreibung: Dieser Band enthält 63 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Physik der festen Erde, zu magnetischen und elektrischen Feldern der Erde, zu der Physik der Atmophäre und der angewandten Geophysik veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1934.

Beschreibung: 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0004.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0005.pdf"〉Autorenverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0006.pdf"〉Sachverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0007.pdf"〉Karl Mack †〈/a〉〈br〉(Hiller, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0008.pdf"〉Die südalbanischen Erdbeben 1930/31〈/a〉〈br〉(Nowack, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0009.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen des Geophysikalischen Instituts in Göttingen〈/a〉〈br〉(Gräfe, H., v. zur Mühlen, W., Müller, H. K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Horizontalsicht bei örtlich veränderlicher Trübung und Beleuchtung〈/a〉〈br〉(Steinhäusser, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Haase, H., Köhler, R., Berroth, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Beitrag zur Berechnung von Minimum-Stabpendeln〈/a〉〈br〉(Graf, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Zur Theorie elastischer Pendel mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Holweck-Lejayschen Stabpendels〈/a〉〈br〉(Graf, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Eine neue Methode für sehr präzise magnetische Messungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Koulomzine, T., Bondaletoff, N.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0022.pdf"〉Zur Frage der mit dem temperaturkompensierten Magnetsystem erreichbaren Meßgenauigkeit〈/a〉〈br〉(Kohl, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Die Höhenverteilung der Erd-, Luft- und Höhenstrahlung〈/a〉〈br〉(Suckstorff, G. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Erdstrahlungsmessungen in Bad Nauheim nach der Gammastrahlenmethode〈/a〉〈br〉(Masuch, V.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Referate〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Abschnitt〈/a〉〈br〉(Angenheister, G., Kohlschütter, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0027.pdf"〉Hergesell geb. 29. Mai 1859〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Hecker geb. 21. Mai 1864〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Sprengungen zur Forschungszwecken mit Unterstützung der Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen〈/a〉〈br〉(Duckert, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Beiträge zu den Luftschallmessungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Meißer, O., Martin, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen des Geophysikalischen Instituts in Göttingen〈/a〉〈br〉(Regula, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Berechnung der Laufzeitkurven des anormalen Schalles für windstille Atmosphäre und Vergleich mit der Laufzeitkurve der Oldebroek-Sprengung vom 15. Dezember 1932〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Ergebisse der Registrierungen von Schallwellen an kreisförmig um den Sprengherd angeordneten Stationen〈/a〉〈br〉(Duckert, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0044.pdf"〉Beobachtungsergebnisse über den Einfluß der "akustischen Umkehrschicht" auf die Schallausbreitung〈/a〉〈br〉(Sandmann, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0045.pdf"〉Zur Frage der anomalen Schallausbreitung〈/a〉〈br〉(Kölzer, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0046.pdf"〉Schalluntersuchungen im Polargebiet〈/a〉〈br〉(Wölcken, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0049.pdf"〉Betrachtungen über ebene Pendel〈/a〉〈br〉(Hahnkamm, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0051.pdf"〉Außenraum und Innenraum (Schlichtung des Streites um die Schwerkraftreduktion)〈/a〉〈br〉(Schwinner, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0052.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu den Geoiden von Ackerl und Hirvonen〈/a〉〈br〉(Ledersteger, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0053.pdf"〉Auto-Radio als Hilfsmittel geologischer Kartierung〈/a〉〈br〉(Cloos, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0054.pdf"〉Zur photographischen Registrierung von Stationsseismometern〈/a〉〈br〉(Meißer, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0056.pdf"〉Ein Horizontalseismometer für die Aufzeichnung von starken Orts- und Nahbeben〈/a〉〈br〉(Critikos, N. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0059.pdf"〉Die Bedeutung der Unstetigkeiten im Verlauf der Schallgeschwindigkeit mit der Höhe für die normale und anomale〈/a〉〈br〉(Sandmann, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0060.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0061.pdf"〉Die Relativität der Undulationen〈/a〉〈br〉(Hopfner, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0062.pdf"〉Ein detonierendes Meteor über dem Weserbergland am 2. Januar 1934〈/a〉〈br〉(Hartmann, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0063.pdf"〉Der Meteorfall bei Stadt Rehburg am 2. Januar 1934〈/a〉〈br〉(Trommsdorff, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0064.pdf"〉Vergleich zwischen der Intensität der kosmischen Ultrastrahlung über Grönland und über Deutschland〈/a〉〈br〉(Wölcken, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0065.pdf"〉Das Grundeis〈/a〉〈br〉(Jakuschoff, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0066.pdf"〉Le problème des microséismes et le déferlement des vagues〈/a〉〈br〉(Gherzi, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0067.pdf"〉Note on the Hayford-Bowie tables for calculation 〈i〉g〈/i〉〈/a〉〈br〉(Bullard, E. C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0068.pdf"〉Kann die Laplacesche Differentialgleichung für das Schwerkraftpotential auch innerhalb der Erdkruste als erfüllt angesehen werden?〈/a〉〈br〉(Grabowski, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0069.pdf"〉Vorträge, gehalten auf der XI. Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft, am 13. bis 15. September 1934 in Pyrmont〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0072.pdf"〉Der geophysikalische Nachweis des Zechsteindolomits〈/a〉〈br〉(Müller, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0073.pdf"〉Berichtigung〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0074.pdf"〉Vorträge, gehalten auf der XI. Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft, am 13. bis 15. September 1934 in Pyrmont〈/a〉〈br〉(von Seidlitz, W., Sieberg, A., Linke, F., Gerlach, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0079.pdf"〉Zur Frage der Geländekorrektion bei Drehwaagemessungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Tuchel, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0080.pdf"〉Emanation in Boden- und Freiluft〈/a〉〈br〉(Israël, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0081.pdf"〉Die Energie der Heliokathodenstrahlen in ihrer Beziehung zur fortschreitenden Bewegung der Elektronen in den Polarlichtstrahlen〈/a〉〈br〉(Rudolph, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0082.pdf"〉Weitere Untersuchungen mit dem Sanford-Elektrometer〈/a〉〈br〉(Stoppel, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0083.pdf"〉Das Strömungssystem der Luft über Mogadischu〈/a〉〈br〉(Bossolasco, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0084.pdf"〉Messungen mit transportablen statischen Schweremessern〈/a〉〈br〉(Schleusener, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0086.pdf"〉Über den Energietransport bei der Sprengseismik〈/a〉〈br〉(v. Schmidt, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0087.pdf"〉Formen der Bodenschwingung bei sinusförmiger Anregung〈/a〉〈br〉(Köhler, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0088.pdf"〉Die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit sinusförmiger elastischer Wellen im Boden〈/a〉〈br〉(Ramspeck, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0089.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Haase, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0090.pdf"〉Bericht über die elfte Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft vom 13. bis 15. September 1934 in Bad Pyrmont〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0091.pdf"〉Berichtigung〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0092.pdf"〉Geophysikalische Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0093.pdf.pdf"〉Register der Geophysikalischen Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0094.pdf"〉Mitgliederverzeichnis der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft nach dem Stande vom 1. Dezember 1934〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉

Beschreibung: research

Beschreibung: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen

Beschreibung: Deutschlands Erdbebentätigkeit pflegt unterschätzt zu werden, weil sie gewöhnlich so harmlos erscheint. Zwar bringt der Jahresverlauf nur wenige Beben, abgesehen von gelegentlichen Schwärmen mit vielen hunderten von Einzelstößen, wie sie besonders dem Vogtland eigentümlich sind. Zudem handelt es sich dabei vorwiegend um schadlose Erderschütterungen, die kaum Beobachtung finden. Aber der Fachmann kennt daneben auch bis in die neueste Zeit hinein Erdbeben mit erheblichen Schäden und selbst Zerstörungen, die für längere Zeit das öffentliche Leben völlig beherrscht haben; mitunter wurde fast Großbebencharakter erreicht.

Beschreibung: research

Beschreibung: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Beschreibung: Die nachstehenden neueren Untersuchungen auf verschiedenen Gebieten geophysikalischer Forschung, die von Mitgliedern der Reichsanstalt für Erdbebenforschung in Jena durchgeführt sind, wurden erstmalig in der Festschrift zum 70. Geburtstage des früheren Direktors der Reichsanstalt, Herrn Geheimrat Professor Dr. Oskar Hecker (Beitrage zur Angewandten Geophysik, Band 4, Heft 3, Leipzig 1934) veröffentlicht. Sämtliche Arbeiten, ausgenommen diejenigen von Krumbach, gehören zu den von der Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft unterstützten geophysikalischen Forschungen. A. Sieberg

Beschreibung: research

Beschreibung: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Beschreibung: Am Beispiel des "Leegmoores" im Timpemoor - einem ehemaligen "Heidemoor" - wurde auf Grund von boden- und moorkundlichen Untersuchungen sowie von landeskundlich-historischen Recherchen die Entwicklung der Heidemoore überprüft. Dazu wurden erstmalig die flächenhaften Verluste an Moorsubstanz durch - wiederholte Moorbrandkultur, - Entnahme von Heidesoden (Abplaggen) und - Winderosion qualitativ und quantitativ erfaßt, dazu die Moorsackung errechnet. Aus den vorhandenen moorkundlichen Fakten konnte das natürliche Moorrelief des Timpemoores rekonstruiert werden. Die Autoren weisen nach, daß die von JONAS (1934, 1935) beschriebenen Heidemoore "durch den Menschen beeinflußte Moore" darstellen. Das untersuchte Timpemoor hat sich danach im Verlauf mehrerer Jahrhunderte aus einem natürlichen gewölbten Hochmoor gebildet.

Beschreibung: On the basis of pedological, peatland and historical investigations the origin of raised bogs with heather vegetation ("Heidemoore")was examined at the example "Leegmoor", a part of the "Timpemoor". In addition to that for the first time the loss of peat substance by - burnt-over peatland cultivation, - cutaway heather sods, - erosion by wind and - bog subsidence was calculated. With the available peatland facts it was possible to reconstruct the natural bog relief. The authors are able to demonstrate that the "Heidemoore" described by JONAS (1934, 1935) are bogs influenced by man. During the last centuries the Timpemoor developed from a natural raised bog (with convex centre) to a raised bog with heather vegetation.

Beschreibung: research

Beschreibung: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Beschreibung: Vergleichende Darstellung und Analyse der Arbeitsvorgänge in den Agrarlandschaften der Erde. Dieser Aufgabe unterzieht sich in einem ersten Schritt die vorliegende Studie. Sie strebt an, mit der Darstellung und Analyse des jährlichen Arbeitsvorganges die bisher wenig berücksichtigte dynamische Seite der Agrarlandschaft – ihre Rhythmik nämlich – in exakter Weise erfassen zu können. Im Vordergrund steht zunächst weniger die regionale als vielmehr die sachliche Erörterung, auf der Beispielsgrundlage jedoch einer regionalen Kontrastierung innerhalb Deutschlands bzw. aus naheliegenden Gründen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Späteren großräumigen Untersuchungen erst kann es vorbehalten sein, von der hier geschaffenen Plattform aus auf eine speziell regionale Betrachtungsweise überzugehen.

Beschreibung: research

Beschreibung: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Beschreibung: An der Hand von Erdbeben, die im Boden Deutschlands entstanden sind, sollen folgende Fragen untersucht werden: 1) Die Wirkungsweise der einzelnen Bebenherde, von denen anzunehmen ist, dass sie verschiedenartige Charaktereigenschaften haben. Hierfür ist es notwendig, festzustellen einmal Lage und geometrisches Bild des Herdes als geologische Störungsstelle, andererseits den das Erdbeben auslösenden Bewegungsvorgang in der Herdstörung. 2) Die Abhängigkeit der scheinbaren Bebenstarken innerhalb des Schüttergebietes von Bodenbeschaffenheit und Tektonik.

Beschreibung: research

Beschreibung: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Beschreibung: Dieser Band enthält 77 Beiträge zu Themengebieten der Physik der festen Erde, des magnetischen und elektrischen Felds der Erde, der Physik der Atmosphäre sowie der Angewandten Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in den Jahren 1930.

Beschreibung: 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0004.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0005.pdf"〉Ein neuer Vierpendelapparat für relative Schweremessungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Meisser, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0007.pdf"〉Geophysikalische Messungen unter Tage〈/a〉〈br〉(Meisser, O., Wolf, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0008.pdf"〉Die ersten Dickenmessungen des grönländischen Inlandeises〈/a〉〈br〉(Sorge, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0010.pdf"〉Die seismische Bodenunruhe in Hamburg und ihr Zusammenhang mit der Brandung〈/a〉〈br〉(Mendel, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0012.pdf"〉Die sonnenbelichteten Nordlichtstrahlen und die Konstitution der höheren Atmosphärenschichten〈/a〉〈br〉(Vegard, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0013.pdf"〉Nochmals: Zur Frage der Laufzeitkurven〈/a〉〈br〉(Gutenberg, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0014.pdf"〉Erwiderung zur vorstehenden Arbeit von Herrn Prof. Gutenberg〈/a〉〈br〉(Krumbach, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0015.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu der vorstehenden Erwiderung〈/a〉〈br〉(Gutenberg, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Einfluß des Mondes auf die erdmagnetischen Elemente in Samoa〈/a〉〈br〉(Fanselau, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Ein Diagramm zur Bestimmung der Differenz der Schwerestörung 〈i〉Δg〈/i〉 in zwei Beobachtungspunkten〈/a〉〈br〉(Oserezky, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Zur Ermittlung ausgedehnter Schichten verschiedener Leitfähigkeit〈/a〉〈br〉(Koenigsberger, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Über tägliche erdmagnetische Variationen in zwei Alpentälern〈/a〉〈br〉(Koenigsberger, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Die Wirkung der obersten Erdschicht auf die Anfangsbewegung einer Erdbebenwelle〈/a〉〈br〉(Hasegawa, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Über die Elastizität von Gesteinen〈/a〉〈br〉(Breyer, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Über den Horizontalabstand von Pendelstationen〈/a〉〈br〉(Schwinner, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Die Belowsche Methode zur Bestimmung der Wirkung gegebener Massen auf Krümmungsgröße und Gradient, ihre Verallgemeinerung für beliebige Massenformen und ihre Anwendung auf "zweidimensionale" Massenanordnungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Harmonische Schwingungen des Untergrundes〈/a〉〈br〉(Köhler, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Fleming, I. A., Linke, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Über die Ursache der erdmagnetischen Störung im Gebiet der Freien Stadt Danzig〈/a〉〈br〉(Haalck, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Die kontinentalen Verschiebungen von Amerika und Madagaskar〈/a〉〈br〉(Livländer, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0032.pdf"〉Magnetische Vermessung einiger tertiärer Eruptivgänge und -stöcke im sächsischen Elbsandsteingebirge〈/a〉〈br〉(Schulze, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0033.pdf"〉Über die Existenz einer mondentägigen Variation in den Erdströmen〈/a〉〈br〉(Egedal, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Zum Trübungsfaktor〈/a〉〈br〉(Feussner, K., Friedrichs, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0035.pdf"〉Temperature changes between Torsion balance readings in the State of Texas〈/a〉〈br〉(Harris, S.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0036.pdf"〉Über isostatische Schwereanomalien und deren Beziehung zu den totalen Anomalien〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu den Ausführungen von H. Jung〈/a〉〈br〉(Ansel, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Linke, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0040.pdf"〉Wesensgleiche und wesensverschiedene Darstellungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Nippoldt, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Die Säkularvariation in der Rheinpfalz in den Jahren 1850 bis 1928〈/a〉〈br〉(Burmeister, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Größenverhältnis von remanentem zu induziertem Magnetismus in Gesteinen; Größe und Richtung des remanenten Magnetismus〈/a〉〈br〉(Koenigsberger, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Über eine magnetische Anomalie am Lebasee in Ostpommern〈/a〉〈br〉(Reich, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0045.pdf"〉Die Ergebnisse der magnetischen Messungen in der Ostsee in den Jahren 1924 bis 1929〈/a〉〈br〉(v. Gernet-Reval, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0047.pdf"〉Erdmagnetische Messungen in Bulgarien, Mazedonien, Trazien und in der Dobrudja〈/a〉〈br〉(Popoff, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0048.pdf"〉Einige Bemerkungen über erdmagnetische Messungen, welche in Feodossia ausgeführt wurden〈/a〉〈br〉(Palazzo, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0049.pdf"〉Possible causes of abnormal polarizations of magnetic formations〈/a〉〈br〉(Heiland, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0050.pdf"〉Die geologische Bedeutung der Schaffung einer Isanomalenkarte der magnetischen Vertikalintensität von Deutschland〈/a〉〈br〉(Schuh, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0051.pdf"〉Die innere Genauigkeit von Inklinationsmessungen mit dem Erdinduktor〈/a〉〈br〉(Venske, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0052.pdf"〉Theorie einer neuen galvanischen Waage〈/a〉〈br〉(Bock, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0053.pdf"〉Messungen im Luftschiff〈/a〉〈br〉(Haussmann, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0054.pdf"〉Une modification de l'enregistreur à marche rapide et à petite consommation de papier de Ad. Schmidt pour l'application aux stations de l'Anneé Polaire 1932–1933〈/a〉〈br〉(la Cour, D.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0056.pdf"〉Was sagen uns die Parameter eines Magneten?〈/a〉〈br〉(Fanselau, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0057.pdf"〉Über die Herleitung des Potentials des täglichen erdmagnetischen Variationsfeldes〈/a〉〈br〉(Egedal, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0058.pdf"〉Über den Vektor der magnetischen Störungen im aperiodischen Verlauf〈/a〉〈br〉(Keränen, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0059.pdf"〉Forschungsmethode über den Zusammenhang zwischen der Sonnenfleckentätigkeit und den erdmagnetischen Störungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Gehlinsch, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0060.pdf"〉Der Temperaturverlauf im Sandboden〈/a〉〈br〉(Süring, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0061.pdf"〉Die dominierende Luftdruckwelle des strengen Winters 1928/29〈/a〉〈br〉(Weickmann, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0063.pdf"〉Über einige meteorologische Begriffe〈/a〉〈br〉(Tetens, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0066.pdf"〉Über die Feinstruktur des Temperaturgradienten längs Berghängen〈/a〉〈br〉(Wagner, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0067.pdf"〉Das unperiodische Element im Tropenklima〈/a〉〈br〉(Knoch, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0068.pdf"〉Zur Theorie der Maxwellschen Geschwindigkeitsverteilung in turbulenten Strömungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Ertel, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0069.pdf"〉Wie tief dringen die Polarlichter in die Erdatmosphäre ein?〈/a〉〈br〉(Störmer, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0072.pdf"〉Gammastrahlen an Kaliumsalzen〈/a〉〈br〉(Kolhörster, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0073.pdf"〉Über die Form der Fernschallwelle〈/a〉〈br〉(Kühl, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0074.pdf"〉Die Seismizität des Südantillenbogens〈/a〉〈br〉(Tams, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0076.pdf"〉Eine neue württembergische Erdbebenwarte〈/a〉〈br〉(Kleinschmidt, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0077.pdf"〉Über den Zusammenhang zwischen Typhusmorbidität (bzw. Typhusmortalität) und Niederschlagsschwankungen nebst einer Kritik der Brücknerschen Klimaperiode〈/a〉〈br〉(Wenzel Pollak, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0079.pdf"〉Über die Abhängikeit der Schwerkraft vom Zwischenmedium〈/a〉〈br〉(Schlomka, T.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0080.pdf"〉On the Determination of the Lunar Atmospheric Tide〈/a〉〈br〉(Chapman, S.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0081.pdf"〉Die Wärmeumsatz durch die Wärmestrahlung des Wasserdampfes in der Atmosphäre〈/a〉〈br〉(Albrecht, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0082.pdf"〉Ein Universal-Induktionsmagnetometer〈/a〉〈br〉(Uljanin, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0083.pdf"〉Der große Staubfall vom 26. bis 29. April 1928 in Südosteuropa〈/a〉〈br〉(Stenz, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0085.pdf"〉Ein neues Verfahren der luftelektrischen Raumladungsmessung〈/a〉〈br〉(Wigand, A., Schubert, J., Frankenberger, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0086.pdf"〉Kurze Erwiderung auf Vegards Bemerkungen über sonnenbelichtete Nordlichtstrahlen〈/a〉〈br〉(Störmer, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0088.pdf"〉Die Invariabilität und Abstimmung von Minimumpendeln〈/a〉〈br〉(Kohlschütter, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0089.pdf"〉Bemerkung zu der Arbeit "Die Invariabilität und Abstimmung von Minimumpendeln" von E. Kohlschütter〈/a〉〈br〉(Meisser, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0090.pdf"〉Erwiderung〈/a〉〈br〉(Kohlschütter, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0091.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu der Arbeit von Herrn Dr. O. Meisser: "Ein neuer Vierpendelapparat für relative Schweremessungen"〈/a〉〈br〉(Heiland, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0092.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu den vorstehenden Ausführungen von Herrn Prof. Dr. C. A. Heiland〈/a〉〈br〉(Meisser, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0093.pdf"〉Das Epizentrum des südatlantischen Großbebens vom 27. Juni 1929〈/a〉〈br〉(Tams, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0094.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen auf dem Pasterzegletscher. I〈/a〉〈br〉(Brockamp, B., Mothes, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0096.pdf"〉Bericht über die neunte Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft vom 11. bis 14. September 1930 in Potsdam〈/a〉〈br〉(Mügge, Linke, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0097.pdf"〉Autorenverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0098.pdf"〉Sachverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0099.pdf"〉Literaturverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0100.pdf"〉Geophysikalische Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0101.pdf"〉Register der Geophysikalischen Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0102.pdf"〉Mitgliederverzeichnis der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft nach dem Stande vom 1. Oktober 1930〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉

Beschreibung: research

Beschreibung: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen

Beschreibung: Abstract: Current information on the potential distribution and condition of peatland soils are of great importance. This applies notably for actions with respect to climate and environmental protection. The Ministry of infrastructure and agriculture in the federal state of Brandenburg (MIL) therefore initiated a project to provide a complete and updated map of peatland soils for the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany, for the year 2013. Extensive legacy data on both, areal extent of peatland soils as well as soil profile information where made digitally available in a homogeneous map and a consistent database. Approximately 7.725 sites were randomly selected from legacy soil data and currently reinvestigated to draw inference on the current condition of peatland soils. Statistically derived peatland subsidence rates at grassland sites of 0.50 cm/yr and 0.57 cm/yr at arable sites fit well with published values in comparable regions of central Europe. Our results prove the great dynamics of soil development on agriculturally used peatlands. Concerning Brandenburg, the area of peatland soils decreased from 270.000 ha in the early 20th century (Prussian geological map) to actually 163.000 ha.

Beschreibung: Zusammenfassung: Aktuelle Informationen zur Verbreitung und zum Zustand der Moorböden sind vor dem Hintergrund der geplanten Einführung von Agrarumwelt- und Klimamaßnahmen in der Landwirtschaft von besonderer Bedeutung. Das Ministerium für Infrastruktur und Landwirtschaft des Landes Brandenburg (MIL) hat hierzu das Projekt „Schaffung einer Datengrundlage für die Ableitung von Agrarumwelt- und Klimamaßnahmen auf Moorstandorten in Brandenburg“ initiiert. Mit dem Ziel der Bereitstellung einer auf das Jahr 2013 bezogenen Moorkarte wurden umfangreiche, bis dato nicht genutzte Datenbestände zur Verbreitung von Moorböden in Brandenburg zu einer überschneidungsfreien Karte und umfassenden Datenbank moorbodenkundlicher Bodenprofile verarbeitet. Um den aktuellen Zustand der Moorböden zu erfassen, wurden flächenrepräsentativ und zufällig an 7.725 Standorten mit ausreichender Datenbasis erneut bodenkundliche Erhebungen durchgeführt und statistisch ausgewertet. Im Ergebnis konnten Mächtigkeitsverlustraten für landwirtschaftlich genutzte Moorstandorte in Brandenburg abgeleitet werden. Für flachgründige Niedermoorstandorte unter Grünland liegen sie bei 0,50 cm/a, vergleichbare ackerbaulich genutzte Standorte liegen mit 0,57 cm/a darüber. Dies deckt sich gut mit publizierten Werten an vergleichbaren Standorten in Zentraleuropa. Die Fläche der Moorböden in Brandenburg hat sich von Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts von 270.000 ha, ausgewiesen auf Basis der Preußisch geologisch-agronomische Karte (PGK), auf heute noch 163.000 ha reduziert.

Beschreibung: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT

Beschreibung: research

Beschreibung: Abstract: Peatlands are intensively exchanging greenhouse gases with the free atmosphere. Natural peatlands, mires, sequester carbon dioxide as carbon in the peat and emit methane. Peatlands under agriculture or forest are mostly drained and emit carbon dioxide due to peat mineralization and nitrous oxide due to fertilization and nitrogen mineralization. In order to characterize the actual situation and to evaluate measures for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions measured values on gas exchange are needed. Within two national projects direct measurements of the greenhouse gas exchange have been conducted on a wide range of sites, covering different peatland types, land use forms and hydrological situations and using a standardized methodology. Between 2007 and 2012 22 sites have been studied in Lower Saxony over at least two years using the closed cover method. An overview on sites and results is given. Moreover, approaches to estimate the greenhouse gas emissions due to peat excavation and horticultural peat use are presented. Own emission factors and data from literature are used to estimate the contribution of peatlands and peat use to the greenhouse gas emissions of Lower Saxony. Finally measures for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are discussed and estimates on reduction costs are given from examples.

Beschreibung: Zusammenfassung: Moore stehen in einem intensiven Gasaustausch mit der Atmosphäre. Natürliche Moore haben über Jahrtausende Kohlendioxid aufgenommen und den Kohlenstoff als Torf gespeichert. Dabei haben sie Methan abgegeben. Entwässerte und genutzte Moore setzen den Kohlenstoff als Kohlendioxid wieder frei und emittieren zudem klimarelevantes Lachgas als Ergebnis der Stickstoffdüngung und der Torfmineralisation. Zur Charakterisierung der Ist-Situation und zur Beurteilung von Maßnahmen ist es erforderlich, belastbare Daten über die Treibhausgasemissionen der Moore zu haben. Im Rahmen von zwei bundesweit angelegten Verbundvorhaben wurden an einer Vielzahl von Standorten unterschiedlichen Moortyps, unterschiedlicher Nutzung und unterschiedlicher Klima- und Wasserregime mit einer abgestimmten Methodik die Flüsse der wesentlichen Treibhausgase direkt gemessen. Im Rahmen dieser Verbundvorhaben wurden in Niedersachsen zwischen 2007 und 2012 an 22 Standorten mindestens zweijährige Messungen mit der Haubentechnik vorgenommen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über untersuchte Standorte und Messergebnisse. Darüber hinaus werden Ansätze zur Ermittlung der Treibhausgasemissionen aus der industriellen Torfgewinnung dargestellt. Unter Verwendung eigener Ergebnisse und von Literaturdaten wird eine Abschätzung der Treibhausgasemissionen aus Moor und Torfgewinnung für das Land Niedersachsen vorgenommen. Abschließend geht der Beitrag auf Maßnahmen zur Verminderung der Treibhausgasemissionen aus Mooren sowie beispielhaft auf Emissionsminderungskosten ein.

Beschreibung: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT

Beschreibung: research

Beschreibung: STÄBLEIN, G.: Regionale Geomorphologie ; KERTESZ, A.: Geomorphologische Kartierung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und in Ungarn. Ein Vergleich der Methodik ; BOLLMANN, I.: Geomorphologische Daten und kartographische Darstellung ; PACHUR, H.-J. & RÖPER, H.-P.: Geolimnologische Befunde des Berliner Raumes ; REMMELE, G.: Holozäne Morphodynamik an Schichtstufenhängen — Untersuchungen in Nordwest-Irland ; MÜLLER, MJ. & STRASSER, R.: Holozäne Geomorphodynamik und Landschaftsentwicklung am Ostrand der Trier-Luxemburger Mulde ; KLEBER, A.: Zur jungtertiären Reliefentwicklung im Vorland der südlichen Frankenalb ; HAMANN, C.: Windwurf als Ursache der Bodenbuckelung am Südrand des Tennengebirges, ein Beitrag zur Genese der Buckelwiesen ; ZÖLLER, L.: Neotektonik am Hunsrückrand ; SEPPÄLÄ, M.: Glazialhydrologie des Inlandeises, eine geomorphologische Interpretation der Verhältnisse in Finnland ; JÄKEL, D.: Untersuchungen und Analysen zur Entstehung der Hamada ; GARLEFF, K. & STINGL, H.: Neue Befunde zur jungquartären Vergletscherung in Cuyo und Patagonien ; STINGL, H. & GARLBFF, K.: Tertiäre und pleistozäne Reliefentwicklung an der interozeanischen Wasserscheide in Südpatagonien (Gebiet von Rio Turbio, Argentinien) ; SCHMIDT, K.H.: Nachweis junger Krustenbewegungen auf dem Colorado Plateau, USA ; KUHLE, M.: Zur Geomorphologie Tibets, Bortensander als Kennformen semiarider Vorlandvergletscherung . ; STÄBLEIN, G.: Deutscher Arbeitskreis für Geomorphologie ;

Beschreibung: research

Beschreibung: DFG, SUB Göttingen, FU Berlin

Beschreibung: Abstract: In addition to the widespread use of peatlands for agricultural purposes, which is also common in other German states, the raised bogs in Lower Saxony are still also used up to the present day for housing, as well as for industrial peat extraction. The Peatland Conservation Programme in Lower Saxony launched in 1981 therefore only covered raised bogs to disentangle the different uses, and to systematise the nature protection activities in raised bogs. The priority areas for the extraction of peat defined in the Federal State Regional Planning Programme are to be rescinded. The new State Development Programme being formulated will not only include the nature conservation of peatlands, but also for the first time, deal with the climate protection afforded by these very important storage areas for carbon. An important aspect in this regard is the incorporation of fens, and the discharge from peatlands into underlying water bodies. The database and the conclusions which contribute to the implementation of climate protection in peatland conservation programmes, will be discussed and compared with the peatland conservation previously implemented pursuant to the Peatland Conservation Programme in Lower Saxony. An overview describes various approaches for peatland and climate protection implemented by private initiatives, nature conservation societies, EU-Life-Projects, contractual nature protection, publicly owned businesses and authorities in Lower Saxony, research projects on alternative uses, and climate certificate trading. These varied instruments are compared to highlight their relative areal effectiveness, and relevance, followed by an estimate of the potential for future peatland and climate protection in Lower Saxony.

Beschreibung: Zusammenfassung: Neben der auch in anderen Bundesländern weit verbreiteten landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung von Mooren werden die niedersächsischen Hochmoore bis heute auch als Siedlungsraum und zur industriellen Torfgewinnung genutzt. Daher umfasste das niedersächsische Moorschutzprogramm von 1981 nur die Hochmoore, um diese verschiedenen Nutzungen zu entflechten und den Naturschutz in Hochmooren zu systematisieren. Die bisher im Landesraumordnungsprogramm ausgewiesenen Vorranggebiete für die Rohstoffgewinnung von Torf sollen gestrichen werden. In ein neu aufzustellendes Landesentwicklungsprogramm soll neben dem Naturschutz von Mooren erstmalig auch der Klimaschutz dieser wichtigen Kohlenstoffspeicher eingehen. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind hierbei die Einbeziehung der Niedermoore und der Stoffaustrag aus Mooren in unterliegende Gewässer. Die Datengrundlagen und Schlussfolgerungen, die zur Implementierung des Klimaschutzes in den Moorschutz beitragen, werden diskutiert und mit dem bisher umgesetzten Moorschutz nach dem niedersächsischen Moorschutzprogramm verglichen. Ein Überblick beschreibt verschiedene Ansätze zum Moor- und Klimaschutz von Privatinitiativen, von Naturschutzverbänden, mit EU-Life-Projekten, im Vertragsnaturschutz, von niedersächsischen Landesbetrieben und Behörden, von Forschungsprojekten zu alternativen Nutzungen und beim Handel mit Klima-Zertifikaten. Diese unterschiedlichen Instrumente werden in ihrer Flächenwirksamkeit und Relevanz in Beziehung gesetzt und das Potenzial für den künftigen Moor- und Klimaschutz in Niedersachsen abgeschätzt.

Beschreibung: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT

Beschreibung: research

Beschreibung: A joint NASA/U.S. industry program to test advanced technology airfoils in the Langley 0.3-meter Transonic Tunnel (TCT) was formulated under the Langley ACEE Project Office. The objectives include providing U.S. industry an opportunity to compare their most advanced airfoils to the latest NASA designs by means of high Reynolds number tests in the same facility. At the same time, industry would again experience in the design and construction of cryogenic test techniques. The status and details of the test program are presented. Typical aerodynamic results obtained, to date, are presented at chord Reynolds number up to 45 x 10(6) and are compared to results from other facilities and theory. Details of a joint agreement between NASA and the Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsantalt fur Luft- and Raumfahrt e.V. (DFVLR) for tests of two airfoils are also included. Results of these tests will be made available as soon as practical.

Beschreibung: Dynamic model verification is the process whereby an analytical model of a dynamic system is compared with experimental data, adjusted if necessary to bring it into agreement with the data, and then qualified for future use in predicting system response in a different dynamic environment. These are various ways to conduct model verification. The approach taken here employs Bayesian statistical parameter estimation. Unlike curve fitting, whose objective is to minimize the difference between some analytical function and a given quantity of test data (or curve), Bayesian estimation attempts also to minimize the difference between the parameter values of that funciton (the model) and their initial estimates, in a least squares sense. The objectives of dynamic model verification, therefore, are to produce a model which: (1) is in agreement with test data; (2) will assist in the interpretation of test data; (3) can be used to help verify a design; (4) will reliably predict performance; and (5) in the case of space structures, will facilitate dynamic control.

Beschreibung: Multidisciplinary analysis often requires optimization of nonlinear systems that are subject to constraints. Trajectory optimization is one example of this situation. The Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories (POST) was used successfully for a number of problems. The purpose is to describe POST and a new optimization approach that has been incorporated into it. Typical uses of POST will also be illustrated. The projected-gradient approach to optimization is the preferred option in POST and is discussed. A new approach to optimization, the random-walk approach, is described, and results with the random-walk approach are presented.

Beschreibung: The purpose is not to provide a detailed discussion of several wall interference experiments, but rather to use these experiments (recently accomplished in the Boeing Transonic Wind Tunnel (BTWT) to illustrate the problems associated with many of the measurements required by current wall interference assessment/correction (WIAC) procedures. The wall correction to lift is emphasized. It is shown that, because conventional tunnels and relatively small models continue to be used, the flow field or flow boundary measurements to be made impose severe requirements on the experiment itself. In some cases, existing instrumentation and test techniques may not be adequate to obtain the data accuracies needed.

Beschreibung: Based upon limited, initial observations of wall interference corrections obtained for one airfoil test, there is a need for assessing the upstream flow direction. If there is no direct measurement then a two-pass correction procedure similar to the one described here is required. Questions have arisen pertaining to the correct interpretation of the pressure coefficients measured on the slats of a slotted tunnel wall, the interpretation of just what the calculated equivalent body encompasses or should include, and what can or should be considered as quantitative criteria for data correctability. Further studies using this modified procedure will address these questions. Hopefully, a meaningful WIAC procedure can be validated for the airfoil tests in the 0.3-m TCT.

Beschreibung: A series of airfoils were tested in the Langley 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT) at Reynolds numbers from 2 to 50 million. The 0.3-m TCT is equipped with Barnwell slots designed to minimize blockage due to the tunnel flow and ceiling. This design suggests that sidewall corrections for blockage is needed, and that a lifting airfoil produces a change in angle of attack. Sidewall correction methods were developed for subsonic and subsonic-transonic flow. Comparisons of theory with experimental data obtained in the 0.3-m TCT for two airfoils, the British NPL 9510 and the German R-4 are presented. The NPL 9510 was tested as part of the NASA/United Kingdom Joint Aeronautical Program and R-4 was tested as part f the DFVLR/NASA Advanced Airfoil Research Program. For the NPL 9510 airfoil, only those test points that one would anticipate being difficult to predict theoretically are presented.

Beschreibung: Representation of the flow around full-scale ships was sought in the subsonic wind tunnels in order to a Hain Reynolds numbers as high as possible. As part of the quest to attain the largest possible Reynolds number, large models with high blockage are used which result in significant wall interference effects. Some experiences with such a high blockage model tested in the NASA Ames 12-foot pressure wind tunnel are summarized. The main results of the experiment relating to wind tunnel wall interference effects are also presented.

Beschreibung: The various procedures referred to as wall interference assessment and correction procedures presume the existence of a surface distribution of data (usually static pressure) measured over a surface on or near the tunnel walls for each test point to be assessed. An alternative approach in which a reasonably sophisticated computer model of the test section flow would be fitted parametrically to a sparse set of measured data is presented. The measurements provides line distributions of static pressure near the center lines of the top, side and bottom walls. The development of a test section model incorporating explicit recognition of discrete slots of finite length with controlled flow reentry into the solid wall downstream portion of the tunnel is shown.

Beschreibung: Wall interference is made predominant in tunnel models and by wall geometries to facilitate the study of slot flow. The viscous effects in slots are studied by two dimensional measurements of flow. Wall interference is assessed by measuring pressure distributions at two levels near the walls. Interference on lifting delta wings is calculated. Pressure distributions at inner boundaries show basis axisymetries between the pressure side and the suction side, pointing to the necessity of having wider slots on the pressure side.

Beschreibung: Classical methods for calculation of wall corrections which are not satisfactory for a number of flows of interest are discussed. To meet these objections, a number of methods were developed which use measurements of the low at or close to the tunnel walls as an outer boundary condition to define wall interference. The development, assessment and application of one such method is summarized.

Beschreibung: Measured field data as a boundary condition for calculating the interference flow field were applied. They are divided into two categories. In the first category, the field data must consist of distributions of a single velocity component, and an accurate estimate of the hypothetical free air contribution of the model to this component is required. The differences between measured values and estimated model contributions are attributed to wall interference and they establish the boundary condition. The associated field data measurements are simple, yet the necessary model representation generally is a serious drawback. The second category requires field data which consist of velocity vector distributions at the price of multicomponent measurements, but at the profit that no information at all is required about the model. In solid wall test sections, the price is reduced to virtually zero but the profit remains.

Beschreibung: A limited-zone ventilated wall panel was developed for a closed-wall icing tunnel which permitted correct simulation of transonic flow over model rotor airfoil sections with and without ice accretions. Candidate porous panels were tested in the Ohio State University 6- x 12-inch transonic airfoil tunnel and result in essentially interference-free flow, as evidenced by pressure distributions over a NACA 0012 airfoil for Mach numbers up to 0.75. Application to the NRC 12- x 12-inch icing tunnel showed a similar result, which allowed proper transonic flow simulation in that tunnel over its full speed range.

Beschreibung: The free-stream interference caused by the flow through the slotted walls of the test sections of transonic wind tunnels has continuously a problem in transonic tunnel testing. The adaptive-wall transonic tunnel is designed to actively control the near-wall boundary conditions by sucking or blowing through the wall. In order to make the adaptive-wall concept work, parameters for computational boundary conditions must be known. These parameters must be measured with sufficient accuracy to allow numerical convergence of the flow field computations and must be measured in an inviscid region away from the model that is placed inside the wind tunnel. The near-wall flow field was mapped in detail using a five-port cone probe that was traversed in a plane transverse to the free-stream flow. The initial experiments were made using a single slot and recent measurements used multiple slots, all with the tunnel empty. The projection of the flow field velocity vectors on the transverse plane revealed the presence of a vortex-like flow with vorticity in the free stream. The current research involves the measurement of the flow field above a multislotted system with segmented plenums behind it, in which the flow is controlled through several plenums simultaneously. This system would be used to control a three-dimensional flow field.

Beschreibung: A three-dimensional adaptive-wall wind tunnel experiment was conducted at Ames Research Center. This experiment demonstrated the effects of wall interference on the upwash distribution on an imaginary surface surrounding a lifting wing. This presentation demonstrates how the interference assessment procedure used in the adaptive-wall experiments to determine the wall adjustments can be used to separately assess lift- and blockage-induced wall interference in a passive-wall wind tunnel. The effects of lift interference on the upwash distribution and on the model lift coefficient are interpreted by a simple horseshoe vortex analysis.

Beschreibung: A wall interference correction method for closed rectangular test sections was developed which uses measured wall pressures. Measurements with circular discs for blockage and a rectangular wing as a lift generator in a square closed test section validate this method. These measurements are intended to be a basis of comparison for measurements in the same tunnel using ventilated (in these case, slotted) walls. Using the vortex lattice method and homogeneous boundary conditions, calculations were performed which show sufficiently high pressure levels at the walls for correction purposes in test sections with porous walls. In Gottingen, an adaptive test section (which is a deformable rubber tube of 800 mm diameter) was built and a computer program was developed which is able to find the necessary wall adaptation for interference-free measurements in a single step. To check the program prior to the first run, the vortex lattice method was used to calculate wall pressure distributions in the nonadapted test section as input data for the one-step method. Comparison of the pressure distribution in the adapted test section with free-flight data shows nearly perfect agreement. An extension of the computer program can be made to evaluate the remaining interference corrections.

Beschreibung: The following areas were addressed: interchangeable test sections in the 0.3-M Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT); typical airfoil installation; airfoil capability; advanced technology airfoil test (ATAT); effects of the Reynolds number on the normal force coefficient; effects of the Reynolds number on the drag coefficient; and comparison of experimental results with theory.

Beschreibung: A formula for the determination of equivalent model geometry with two variables measured at the interface is derived, based on two dimensional subsonic flow. This predicted model profile is a reasonable initial estimate for transonic flow as long as the sonic region does not reach the interface. A general formula is given in two forms. One is in terms of complex variable functions and the other is an integral equation. The complex-function formula has the advantage of using analytic expressions. The integral equation form requires a numerical solution after assuming the model geometry as a polynomial function. Examples are given to illustrate the application of the formulas.

Beschreibung: Wall interference correction procedures seek to determine the required changes in certain flow or geometric parameters so that the difference between the flow properties at the model's surface in the tunnel and free air are minimized. A transonic and a linear correction procedure were developed for aircraft models. In addition to Mach number and angle of attack corrections, an estimate of the accuracy of the corrections is provided by the transonic correction procedure. Lift, pitching moment and pressure measurements near the tunnel walls are required. The efficiency and accuracy of the correction procedure are improved. Moreover, correction of both the wing and tail angles of attack is allowed. The procedure is valid for transonic as well as subcritical flows. However, for subcritical flows further approximations and simplifying assumptions are made, leading to a very simple and efficient correction procedure.

Beschreibung: A facet of a unified tunnel correction scheme which uses wall pressures to determine tunnel induced blockage and upwash is described. With this method, there is usually no need to use data concerning model forces or power settings to find the interference; it follows directly from the pressures and tunnel dimensions. However, highly inclined jets do not produce good pressure signatures and are highly three dimensional, so they must be treated differently. Flow modeling is also discussed.

Beschreibung: Wall corrections as a function of wall porosity in the transonic wall interference problem was assessed. Effective porosities primarily for the two dimensional case were established as follows: (1) comparison of experimental data for two geometrically similar models of different chord/height ratio, an overall value of wall porosity could be deduced; (2) theoretical development which allows for unequal porosity for the floor and ceiling and wall boundary pressure measurements, porosities for floor and ceiling could be deduced; (3) a scheme was developed which allowed unequal porosity of floor and ceiling and streamwise varying porosity. The boundary layer development along the perforated floor and ceiling under the influence of the model pressure field, variations in boundary layer thickness underlining the difficulties in deducing meaningful values of wall porosity were determined. Wall boundary pressure measurement, in combination with singularity modelling of the airfoil, was sufficient to yield required information on the wall interference flow without having to establish some value for wall porosity. The singularity modelling of the airfoil initially covered only lift and volume but was extended to include drag and pitching moment, and second order volume term. It is shown by asymptotic transonic small disturbance analysis, that the derived corrections to angle of attack and free stream Mach number are correct to the first order.

Beschreibung: The effort to develop classical methods to compute wall interference at transonic speeds is outlined. The two-dimensional theory and three-dimensional development are discussed. Also, some numerical application of the two-dimensional work are indicated. The basic advantages of the asymptotic theory are noted.

Beschreibung: A solution for the tunnel wall boundary layer effects for three-dimensional subsonic tunnels is presented. The model potentials are represented with simple singularities placed on the centerline of the tunnel and Laplace's equation in cylindrical coordinates is solved for either the conventional homogeneous slotted-wall boundary condition, the solid-wall viscous boundary condition, or a combination of them. The most pronounced wall boundary layer effect is on solid blockage for completely closed wind tunnels. Boundary layers on the wall reduce the blockage from the solid-wall, no-boundary-layer case in a manner similar to opening slots in a solid wall. Additionally, for solid-wall tunnel configurations, the streamline curvature interference factor is reduced by a significant amount, whereas the lift interference factor at the model station does not depend on the boundary layer parameter. For combination wall configurations, the slot effect of the horizontal walls dominates the viscous effect of the solid sidewalls.

Beschreibung: Three experiments suitable for wall interference assessment and evaluation of proposed correction methods are presented. The experiments are: (1) a series of airfoil tests using a newly designed transonic flow facility that employs side-wall boundary layer suction and upper- and lower-wall shaping; (2) tests on a swept airfoil section spanning a solid-wall wind tunnel with fixed contouring on all four walls; and (3) tests on a swept wing of aspect ratio 3 mounted in a solid-wall wind tunnel with fixed flat walls. Each of the experiments provides data on the airfoil sections as well as on the wind tunnel walls. All the experiments were performed in solid wall wind tunnels corrected for boundary layer displacement effects. Although the experiments were performed primarily to evaluate computer code performance, it is believed that they also provide information that can be used to evaluate methods for assessing and correcting wall interference effects.

Beschreibung: Sidewall boundary layer effects were investigated by applying partial upstream sidewall boundary layer removal in the Langley 0.3-m transonic cryogenic tunnel. Over the range of sidewall boundary layer displacement thickness of these tests the influence on pressure distribution was found to be small for subcritical conditions; however, for supercritical conditions the shock position was affected by the sidewall boundary layer. For these tests (with and without boundary layer remove) comparisons with predictions of the GRUMFOIL computer code indicated that Mach number corrections due to the sidewall boundary layer improve the agreement for both subcritical and supercritical conditions. The results also show that sidewall boundary layer removal reduces the magnitude of the sidewall correction; however, a suitable correction must still be made.

Beschreibung: A validation of a measured boundary condition technique was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of a wall interference assessment/correction (WIAC) system. An experimental evaluation was also carried out to compare performances of various techniques, to define the number of necessary boundary measurements for accurate assessment/corrections and to define the envelope of test conditions for which accurate assessment/corrections are achieved. The relative merits of a WIAC system and an adaptive wall tunnel are compared. The measurement surface boundary data is performed with a system of two rotating pipes. These pipes sweep out a cylindrical measurement surface near the tunnel walls, approximately one inch from the wall at the closest point. The experimental model was specially designed and fabricated for the adaptive wall experiments. The model is a wing/tail/body configuration with swept lifting surface. The boundary data taken in Tunnel 1T with the rotating pipe system has been shown to offer several attractive features for WIAC code evaluation. Good spatial resolution of measurements is achieved and measurements are made upstream and downstream of the model. Also, two velocity components are determined.

Beschreibung: The research undertaken concerning the computation and/or reduction of wall interference follows two main axes: improvement of wall correction determinations, and use of adaptive flexible walls. The use of wall-measured data to compute interference effects is reliable when the model representation is assessed by signatures with known boundary conditions. When the computed interferences are not easily applicable to correcting the results (especially for gradients in two-dimensional cases), the flexible adaptive walls in operation in T2 are an efficient and assessed means of reducing the boundary effects to a negligible level, if the direction and speed of the flow are accurately measured on the boundary. The extension of the use of adaptive walls to three-dimensional cases may be attempted since the residual corrections are assumed to be small and are computable.

Beschreibung: A thin-layer Navier-Stokes code capable of predicting steady-state viscous flows is applied to the transonic flow over a Space Shuttle configuration. The code is written in the generalized coordinate system, and the grid-generation code of Fujii (1983) is used for the discretization of the flow field. The flow-field computation is done using the CRAY 1S computer at NASA Ames. The computed result is physically reasonable, even though no experimental data is available for the comparison purpose.

Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 5, p. 579, Accession no. A83-16536

Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2346, Accession no. A82-31959

Beschreibung: Laminar flow control is a technology with great potential for aircraft drag reduction. Stabilization of laminar boundary layers became known as natural laminar flow (NLF) and research led to the development of NLF airfoils. Research was also conducted on stabilization by suction, referred to as laminar flow control (LFC). Experiments demonstrated that extensive laminar flow could be achieved in flight. However, there remained doubts regarding the practicality of producing, with the technology then available, wing surfaces sufficiently smooth and wavefree to meet laminar-flow criteria and maintaining the wing surface quality in normal service. In 1976, the Aircraft Energy Efficiency (ACEE) program was begun by NASA to develop fuel-conservative technology for commercial transports. The progress of the ACEE program is discussed. Attention is given to LFC wing structures, and LFC leading-edge systems.

Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 5, p. 586, Accession no. A83-16747

Beschreibung: Computations on zonal grids - in particular, grids with metric discontinuities resulting from the interspersion of highly clustered regions with coarse regions - are possible using a fully conservative form of the Osher upwind scheme. These zonal grids can result from an abrupt clustering of points near solution discontinuities or near other flow features that require improved resolution. The zonal approach is shown to capture shocks with almost 'shock-fitting' quality but with minimal effort. Results for inviscid flow, including quasi-one-dimensional nozzle flow, supersonic flow over a cylinder, and blast-wave diffraction by a ramp, are presented. These calculations demonstrate the powerful capabilities of the Osher scheme used in conjunction with zonal grids in simulating flow fields with complex shock patterns.

Beschreibung: A lifting surface theory was developed for a helicopter rotor in forward flight for compressible and incompressible flow. The method utilizes the concept of the linearized acceleration potential and makes use of the vortex lattice procedure. Calculations demonstrating the application of the method are given in terms of the lift distribution on a single rotor, a two-bladed rotor, and a rotor with swept-forward and swept-back tips. In addition, the lift on a rotor which is vibrating in a pitching mode at 4/rev is given. Compressibility effects and interference effects for a two-bladed rotor are discussed.

Beschreibung: The wake of a helicopter rotor can have a significant effect on a fuselage. Results from a recent wind-tunnel investigation show that certain fuselage characteristics, normalized by rotor thrust, scale proportionally to a rotor-wake-induced velocity parameter. Effects on the body of changes in velocity, thrust, tip-path-plane angle of attack, and rotor/body position are discussed. These results show that the rotor can have a favorable or unfavorable influence on the body, depending upon the operating condition.

Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 5, p. 585, Accession no. A83-16678

Beschreibung: An experimental investigtion was conducted to ascertain the mean flowfield, including shock wave structure, separated flow regions, turbulent boundary-layer growth, static pressure variations, wall heat transfer, and shear stresses in a second-throat, axisymmetric, supersonic diffuser with wall cooling. The diffuser inlet Mach number of the heated air flow was 3.76, the stagnation pressure was 6.8 atm, the ratio of wall to total gas temperature was 0.44, and the diffuser discharged to the atmosphere. The complex flowfield involved deceleration and acceleration regions, supersonic and embedded subsonic regions, and strong viscous regions with relatively large radial and axial variations. The heat transfer and wall static pressure distributions were remarkably similar, and heat transfer rates were high locally at oblique shock/turbulent boundary-layer interactions, in the pseudoshock region, and in the separation region in the diffuser outlet section.

Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 12, p. 1923, Accession no. A81-29500

Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2342, Accession no. A82-31855

Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 05, p. 588, Accession no. A83-16824

Beschreibung: A computational method is described that includes the effects of static aeroelastic wing deflections in steady transonic aerodynamic calculations. This method, known as the Transonic Aero-elastic Program System (TAPS), interacts a 3D transonic computer code with boundary layer and a linear finite element structural analysis codes to calculate wing pressures and deflections. The nonlinear nature of the transonic flow makes it necessary to couple the aerodynamic and structures codes in an iterative manner. TAPS has been arranged in a modular fashion so that different aerodynamic or structures programs may be used with a minimum of coding changes required. Results obtained using two different aerodynamic codes in TAPS are given, and those results are correlated with experimental data.

Beschreibung: Information on sensitivity analysis in computational aerodynamics is given in outline, graphical, and chart form. The prediction accuracy if the MCAERO program, a perturbation analysis method, is discussed. A procedure for calculating perturbation matrix, baseline wing paneling for perturbation analysis test cases and applications of an inviscid sensitivity matrix are among the topics covered.

Beschreibung: Factors influencing effective program planning for V/STOL wind-tunnel testing are discussed. The planning sequence itself, which includes a short checklist of considerations that could enhance the value of the tests, is also described. Each of the considerations, choice of wind tunnel, type of model installation, model development and test operations is discussed, and examples of appropriate past and current V/STOL test programs are provided. A short survey of the moderate to large subsonic wind tunnels is followed by a review of several model installations, from dimensional to large-scale models of complete aircraft configurations. Model sizing, power simulation, and planning are treated, including three areas in test operations: data acquisition systems, acoustic measurements in wind tunnels, and flow surveying.

Beschreibung: There is a need for methods to predict the unsteady air loads associated with flutter of turbomachinery blading at transonic speeds. The results of such an analysis in which the steady relative flow approaching a cascade of thin airfoils is assumed to be transonic, irrotational, and isentropic is presented. The blades in the cascade are allowed to undergo a small amplitude harmonic oscillation which generates a small unsteady flow superimposed on the existing steady flow. The blades are assumed to oscillate with a prescribed motion of constant amplitude and interblade phase angle. The equations of motion are obtained by linearizing about a uniform flow the inviscid nonheat conducting continuity and momentum equations. The resulting equations are solved by employing the Weiner Hopf technique. The solution yields the unsteady aerodynamic forces acting on the cascade at Mach number equal to 1. Making use of an unsteady transonic similarity law, these results are compared with the results obtained from linear unsteady subsonic and supersonic cascade theories. A parametric study is conducted to find the effects of reduced frequency, solidity, stagger angle, and position of pitching axis on the flutter.

Beschreibung: The paper is concerned with the use of a zonal method for the computation of transonic viscous-inviscid interacting flow about airfoils. The inviscid portion of the flow is treated by using an Euler equation solution method, while an inverse integral compressible turbulent boundary-layer solution method is used for the viscous portion of the flow. The matching of the viscous and inviscid solutions is discussed, and some numerical results as well as comparisons with experimental data are presented.

Beschreibung: A systematic development of implicit approximate-factorization algorithms in delta form for both unsteady and steady viscous flow is presented. The algorithms are cast in conservation-law form and simplified by using a thin-layer approximation to the governing equations. The implementation of implicit surface viscous boundary conditions is discussed in detail, and an example is presented illustrating the advantage of using the implicit boundary conditions. Three-dimensional results from the steady form of the algorithm are presented and compared with experimental data.

Beschreibung: The development of time-dependent numerical simulations of unsteady interactive flows of an aerodynamic nature is reviewed with emphasis on compressible flows at flight Reynolds numbers and noniterative schemes based on Navier-Stokes equations. The importance of writing the equations in strong conservation-law form for a generalized body-oriented coordinate system is pointed out. The discussion covers time and length scales and numerical methods currently in use. Some computed results are presented and compared with experimental data.

Beschreibung: Steinhoff and Jameson (1981) have shown that within a certain range of angle of attack and freestream Mach number, numerical solutions of the full-potential equation for flow past an airfoil are not unique. This study was mainly concerned with showing that the anomaly is inherent to the partial-differential equation governing the flow and not a result of its discrete representation. Steinhoff and Jameson conjectured that the anomaly may have a physical basis. The present investigation has two objectives. Results are to be presented which indicate that the anomaly is due to a breakdown in the potential approximation, rather than a phenomenon associated with the inviscid flowfield. The second objective is to show that the lift coefficient, predicted by the potential equation, is a smooth but multivalued function of the angle of attack.

Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 13, p. 2016, Accession no. A82-30157

Beschreibung: The effects of the elastic deformation of the wind tunnel wall held to a streamline-like shape were simulated numerically. The wall itself is simulated by a finite element model and is allowed to deform under the pressure loading developing in the wind tunnel with an airfoil model present. A modified version of the transonic analysis program, TSFOIL, is then used to determine the resulting flow field with the effects of the deformed wall included, the shape of the wall and the flow field. Once a result from a particular operating condition was obtained, the pressure distribution on the airfoil in the wind tunnel model is compared with solutions generated by TSFOIL in the free air mode.

Beschreibung: Three nonlinear flow concepts for the design of supersonic wings are reviewed. The specific concepts are: leading-edge thrust, supercritical crossflow, and leading-edge vortex flow. The major results of the experimental-theoretical studies supporting the development of these concepts are presented and discussed. Also, supporting aerodynamic prediction methods are described and example applications are given. Recommendations for further development of each concept are made.

Beschreibung: The WBPPW code has the capability of analyzing flow-field effects about configurations which include wing pylons and engine nacelles or pods in addition to the basic wing/fuselage combination. Using the concept of grid embedding, the code solves the extended small disturbance transonic flow equation for complex flow interactions of the various configuration components. A general description of the code and solution algorithm is included. Results are presented and compared with experiment for various configurations which encompass the code capabilities. These include wing planform and wing contour modifications and variations in nacelle position beneath a high-aspect-ratio wing. Results are analyzed in the light of preliminary design, where the capability to accurately compute flow-field effects resulting from various configuration perturbations is important. The comparisons show that the computational results are sensitive to subtle design modifications and that the code could be used as an effective guide during the design process for transport configurations.

Beschreibung: Johnson et al. (1982) have provided a detailed comparison between a thoroughly documented transonic flow with shock-induced separations and solutions of the flow using the Navier-Stokes equations. According to this comparison, there were several deficiencies in the computations. The present investigation takes into account new experimental data which have been obtained in a larger wind tunnel with the same test model for a wider range of freestream Mach numbers. The results of new Navier-Stokes computations using more compatible boundary conditions are shown, and the effects of the turbulence model choice on predicting Mach number trends are assessed.

Beschreibung: The method of complex characteristics and hodograph transformation for the design of shockless airfoils was extended to design supercritical cascades with high solidities and large inlet angles. This capability was achieved by introducing a conformal mapping of the hodograph domain onto an ellipse and expanding the solution in terms of Tchebycheff polynomials. A computer code was developed based on this idea. A number of airfoils designed with the code are presented. Various supercritical and subcritical compressor, turbine and propeller sections are shown. The lag-entrainment method for the calculation of a turbulent boundary layer was incorporated to the inviscid design code. The results of this calculation are shown for the airfoils described. The elliptic conformal transformation developed to map the hodograph domain onto an ellipse can be used to generate a conformal grid in the physical domain of a cascade of airfoils with open trailing edges with a single transformation. A grid generated with this transformation is shown for the Korn airfoil. Previously announced in STAR as N83-24474

Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 05, p. 584, Accession no. A83-16633

Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 17, p. 2456, Accession no. A83-38677

Beschreibung: This paper describes how wall-induced velocities near a model in a two-dimensional wind tunnel can be estimated from upwash distributions measured along two contours surrounding a model. The method is applicable to flows that can be represented by linear theory. It was derived by applying the Schwarz Integral Formula separately to the two contours and by exploiting the free-air relationship between upwashes along the contours. Advantages of the method are that only one flow quantity need by measured and no representation of the model is required. A weakness of the method is that it assumes streamwise interference velocity vanishes far upstream of the model. This method was applied to a simple theoretical model of flow in a solid-wall wind tunnel. The theoretical interference velocities and the velocities computed using the method were in excellent agreement. The method was then used to analyze experimental data acquired during adaptive-wall experiments at Ames Research Center. This analysis confirmed that the wall adjustments reduced wall-induced velocities near the model.

Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 05, p. 580, Accession no. A83-16553

Beschreibung: A numerically simulated buried-wire separation gage is investigated with emphasis on its effect on the separation bubble. The conjugated problem of a supersonic, time-dependent, two-dimensional flowfield above a conductive solid wall with an embedded heat source is solved using implicit finite difference algorithms. Steady-state and transient cases were computed for different locations of the heat source within the bubble. Results show that by using a steady heat source, the flow direction near the wall can be detected, without distorting the flowfield, only if the source is located in regions where the bubble is thick (i.e., not too close to the separation). The flow direction near separation can be detected by using a temperature pulse at the solid/fluid interface with insignificant distortion of the flowfield.

Beschreibung: Basic theories of rotor aerodynamics are presented and applied to the performance prediction of helicopters. The very simple physicomathematical model of the rotor offered by momentum theory is addressed first, followed by the combined blade-element and momentum theory. Vortex theory is discussed, and a rotor blade is modeled by means of a vortex filament or vorticity surface. Considerations of airfoil sections suitable for rotors are examined. Detailed performance techniques for a single-rotor helicopter in hover, vertical ascent, and forward flight are described, and winged and tandem-rotor helicopter performance calculations are presented as extensions and modifications of single-rotor methodology. Computer data based on the vortex theory are compared with approximate results obtained from the simplified momentum theory and the blade element solution.

Beschreibung: It is shown that the vortex sheet in a slot between two semi-infinite plates does not admit incompressible resonant perturbations. The semi-infinite vortex sheet entering a duct does admit incompressible resonance. These results indicate that the vortex-sheet approximation is less useful for impinging shear flows than for non-impinging flows. They also suggest an important role of downstream vortical disturbances in resonant flows. The general solution for perturbations to flow with a vortex sheet and edges is written in terms of a Cauchy integral. Requirements on the behavior of this solution at edges and at downstream infinity fix the criteria for resonance.

Beschreibung: This paper analyses the coupling between an imposed disturbance and an instability wave that propagates downstream on a shear layer which emanates from a separation point on a smooth surface. Since the wavelengths of the most-amplified instability waves will generally be small compared with the streamwise body dimensions, the analysis is restricted to this 'high-frequency' limit and the solution is obtained by using matched asymptotic expansions. An 'inner' solution, valid near the separation point, is matched onto an outer solution, which represents an instability wave on a slowly diverging mean flow. The analysis relates the amplitude of this instability to that of the imposed disturbance.

Beschreibung: An analysis of the transonic flowfield around a three-dimensional wing is carried out using a strip method. Attention is given to the boundary layer growth in the streamwise direction. A viscous correction technique is defined for the TWING code for solving the full potential equations. A viscous ramp at the base of a shock is superimposed on the boundary layer displacement thickness generated by an integral boundary layer method. A relationship is then obtained between the effective displacement thickness and a vertical component of the surface velocity, a transpirational boundary condition. The viscous correction is found to be unnecessary in weak shock conditions but gives a better shock position and pressure distribution in a strong shock condition when compared with data from an ONERA M6 airfoil and the Hinson and Burdges (1980) Wing A.

Beschreibung: An aerodynamic integral equation for bodies moving at transonic and supersonic speeds is presented. Based on a time-dependent acoustic formula for calculating the noise emanating from the outer portion of a propeller blade travelling at high speed (the Ffowcs Williams-Hawking formulation), the loading terms and a conventional thickness source terms are retained. Two surface and three line integrals are employed to solve an equation for the loading noise. The near-field term is regularized using the collapsing sphere approach to obtain semiconvergence on the blade surface. A singular integral equation is thereby derived for the unknown surface pressure, and is amenable to numerical solutions using Galerkin or collocation methods. The technique is useful for studying the nonuniform inflow to the propeller.

Beschreibung: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2345, Accession no. A82-31944

Beschreibung: Factors motivating the development of computational aerodynamics as a discipline are traced back to the limitations of the tools available to the aerodynamicist before the development of digital computers. Governing equations in exact and approximate forms are discussed together with approaches to their numerical solution. Example results obtained from the successively refined forms of the equations are presented and discussed, both in the context of levels of computer power required and the degree of the effect that their solution has on aerodynamic research and development. Factors pacing advances in computational aerodynamics are identified, including the amount of computational power required to take the next major step in the discipline. Finally, the Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) Program - with its 1987 target of achieving a sustained computational rate of 1 billion floating-point operations per second operating on a memory of 240 million words - is briefly discussed in terms of its projected effect on the future of computational aerodynamics.

Beschreibung: The need for a large High-Reynolds-Number Transonic Wind Tunnel which will provide a tool to study phenomena sensitive to Reynolds number is discussed. The National Transonic Facility (NTF), is in the calibration phase and the desired capability. Its usefulness, however, will be influenced by the ability of industry to develop model systems capable of withstanding the severe operating environment of the facility so necessary to achieve full scale Reynolds number, without degradation of accuracy, and at reasonable cost. The feasibility of designing models of advanced aerodynamic technology maneuvering aircraft and to achieve full scale Reynolds number for each configuration in the NTF are determined. It is concluded that the facility does not offer the potential for making tunnel to full scale data correlations for this type of aircraft configuration.

Beschreibung: The development of laminar flow technology for commercial transport aircraft is discussed and illustrated in a review of studies undertaken in the NASA Aircraft Energy Efficiency (ACEE) program since 1976. The early history of laminar flow control (LFC) techniques and natural laminar flow (NLF) airfoil designs is traced, and the aims of ACEE are outlined. The application of slotted structures, composites, and electron beam perforated metals in supercritical LFC airfoils, wing panels, and leading edge systems is examined; wind tunnel and flight test results are summarized; studies of high altitude ice effects are described; and hybrid (LFC/NLF designs are characterized. Drawings and photographs are provided.

Beschreibung: The transonic airfoil CAST 10-2/DOA2 was investigated in several major transonic wind tunnels at Reynolds numbers ranging from Re=1 million six hundred thousand to forty five million at ambient and cryogenic temperature conditions. The main objective was to study the degree and extent of the effects of Reynolds on both the airfoil aerodynamic characteristics and the interference effects of various model-wind-tunnel systems. the initial analysis of the 10-2 airfoil results revealed appreciable real Reynolds number effects on this airfoil and, moreover, showed that wall interference, can be significantly affected by changes in Reynolds number thus appearing as true Reynolds number effects.

Beschreibung: Research in the area of turbulent drag reduction for attached flows is summarized. The most promising passive techniques utilize non-planar geometry. Of particular interest is the suitability of these devices for retrofit of existing vehicles. Five methods for reducing turbulent skin friction drag on bodies/fuselages are discussed. They are: (1) large-eddy breakup devices; (2) riblets; (3) slot injection optimization; (4) control of Emmons spot generation; and (5) relaminarization through massive suction. Except for the Emmons spot work these methods all indicate the possibility of sizable net reductions in skin friction for laboratory conditions.

Beschreibung: Some of the progress in computational aerodynamics over the last decade is reviewed. The Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation Program objectives, computational goals, and implementation plans are described. Previously announced in STAR as N84-16139

Beschreibung: Methods for determining the effects of mass injection from the trailing edge of a bluff body at low speeds and in transonic flow were numerically studied along with an unmodified blunt-based body to gain insight into the effects of vortex shedding on the base drag. The methodology used to obtain finite-difference solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations for subsonic compressible two-dimensional near-wake flows is presented. The effectiveness of an introduced outflow boundary condition which minimizes reflections back into the computational domain was demonstrated with the solution of a model vortex problem. Calculations of the near-wake flow past a circular cylinder were in excellent agreement with experimental data. Laminar-flow solutions for a blunt-based model with and without a base cavity and with mass injection into the wake agreed qualitatively with experimental observations. The drag reduction capability provided by such base modifications was demonstrated.

Beschreibung: An experimental study of several of the trailing edge and wake turbulence properties for a NACA 64A010 airfoil section was completed. The experiment was conducted at the Ohio State University Aeronautical and Astronautical Research Laboratory in the 6 inch X 22 inch transonic wind tunnel facility. The data were obtained at a free stream Mach number of 0.80 and a flow Reynolds number (based on chord length) of 5 million. The principle diagnostic tool was a dual-component laser Doppler velocimeter. The experimental data included surface static pressures, chordwise and vertical mean velocities, RMS turbulence intensities, local flow angles, and a determination of turbulence kinetic energy in the wake. Two angles of attack (0 and 2 degrees) were investigated. At these incidence angles, four flow field surveys were obtained ranging in position from the surface of the airfoil, between the transonic shock and the trailing edge, to the far-wake. At both angles of attack, the turbulence intensities and turbulence kinetic energy were observed to decay in the streamwise direction. In the far wake, for the non-lifting case, the turbulence intensities were nearly isotropic. For the two degree case, the horizontal component of the turbulence intensity was observed to be substantially higher than the vertical component.

Beschreibung: Computations of drag polars for a low-speed Wortmann sailplane airfoil are compared to both wind tunnel and flight results. Excellent correlation is shown to exist between computations and flight results except when separated flow regimes were encountered. Wind tunnel transition locations are shown to agree with computed predictions. Smoothness of the input coordinates to the PROFILE airfoil analysis computer program was found to be essential to obtain accurate comparisons of drag polars or transition location to either the flight or wind tunnel results.

Beschreibung: Experimental results have been obtained for a flapped natural-laminar-flow airfoil, NLF(1)-0414F, in the Langley Low-Turbulence Pressure Tunnel. The tests were conducted over a Mach number range from 0.05 to 0.40 and a chord Reynolds number range from about 3.0 x 10(6) to 22.0 x 10(6). The airfoil was designed for 0.70 chord laminar flow on both surfaces at a lift coefficient of 0.40, a Reynolds number of 10.0 x 10(6), and a Mach number of 0.40. A 0.125 chord simple flap was incorporated in the design to increase the low-drag, lift-coefficient range. Results were also obtained for a 0.20 chord split-flap deflected 60 deg.