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  • Nature Publishing Group  (36,752)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (15,019)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 2020-2024  (21)
  • 1985-1989  (29,722)
  • 1975-1979  (22,035)
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  • 1
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    Global and regional temperature change over the past 4.5 million years (2024)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 383(6685), pp. 884-890, ISSN: 0036-8075
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-21
    Description: Much of our understanding of Cenozoic climate is based on the record of δ18O measured in benthic foraminifera. However, this measurement reflects a combined signal of global temperature and sea level, thus preventing a clear understanding of the interactions and feedbacks of the climate system in causing global temperature change. Our new reconstruction of temperature change over the past 4.5 million years includes two phases of long-term cooling, with the second phase of accelerated cooling during the Middle Pleistocene Transition (1.5 to 0.9 million years ago) being accompanied by a transition from dominant 41,000-year low-amplitude periodicity to dominant 100,000-year high-amplitude periodicity. Changes in the rates of long-term cooling and variability are consistent with changes in the carbon cycle driven initially by geologic processes, followed by additional changes in the Southern Ocean carbon cycle. 〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 2
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    Hotspots of Floating Plastic Particles across the North Pacific Ocean (2024)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 58(9), pp. 4302-4313, ISSN: 0013-936X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The pollution of the marine environment with plastic debris is expected to increase, where ocean currents and winds cause their accumulation in convergence zones like the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). Surface-floating plastic (〉330 μm) was collected in the North Pacific Ocean between Vancouver (Canada) and Singapore using a neuston catamaran and identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Baseline concentrations of 41,600–102,700 items km–2 were found, dominated by polyethylene and polypropylene. Higher concentrations (factors 4–10) of plastic items occurred not only in the NPSG (452,800 items km–2) but also in a second area, the Papaha̅naumokua̅kea Marine National Monument (PMNM, 285,200 items km–2). This second maximum was neither reported previously nor predicted by the applied ocean current model. Visual observations of floating debris (〉5 cm; 8–2565 items km–2 and 34–4941 items km–2 including smaller “white bits”) yielded similar patterns of baseline pollution (34–3265 items km–2) and elevated concentrations of plastic debris in the NPSG (67–4941 items km–2) and the PMNM (295–3748 items km–2). These findings suggest that ocean currents are not the only factor provoking plastic debris accumulation in the ocean. Visual observations may be useful to increase our knowledge of large-scale (micro)plastic pollution in the global oceans.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 3
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    Significant turning point: common buzzard (Buteo buteo) exposure to second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides in the United Kingdom (2024)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  Environmental Science & Technology vol. 2024 no. 3c09052
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) are widely used to control rodent populations, resulting in the serious secondary exposure of predators to these contaminants. In the United Kingdom (UK), professional use and purchase of SGARs were revised in the 2010s. Certain highly toxic SGARs have been authorized since then to be used outdoors around buildings as resistance-breaking chemicals under risk mitigation procedures. However, it is still uncertain whether and how these regulatory changes have influenced the secondary exposure of birds of prey to SGARs. Based on biomonitoring of the UK Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) collected from 2001 to 2019, we assessed the temporal trend of exposure to SGARs and statistically determined potential turning points. The magnitude of difenacoum decreased over time with a seasonal fluctuation, while the magnitude and prevalence of more toxic brodifacoum, authorized to be used outdoors around buildings after the regulatory changes, increased. The summer of 2016 was statistically identified as a turning point for exposure to brodifacoum and summed SGARs that increased after this point. This time point coincided with the aforementioned regulatory changes. Our findings suggest a possible shift in SGAR use to brodifacoum from difenacoum over the decades, which may pose higher risks of impacts on wildlife.
    Keywords: apex predator ; conditional inference trees ; effectiveness evaluation ; regulatory changes ; seasonal fluctuation
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Direct Analysis of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter Using LC-FT-ICR MS (2024)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 58(10), pp. 4637-4647, ISSN: 0013-936X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of the global carbon cycle, yet its intricate composition and the sea salt matrix pose major challenges for chemical analysis. We introduce a direct injection, reversed-phase liquid chromatography ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry approach to analyze marine DOM without the need for solid-phase extraction. Effective separation of salt and DOM is achieved with a large chromatographic column and an extended isocratic aqueous step. Postcolumn dilution of the sample flow with buffer-free solvents and implementing a counter gradient reduced salt buildup in the ion source and resulted in excellent repeatability. With this method, over 5,500 unique molecular formulas were detected from just 5.5 nmol carbon in 100 μL of filtered Arctic Ocean seawater. We observed a highly linear detector response for variable sample carbon concentrations and a high robustness against the salt matrix. Compared to solid-phase extracted DOM, our direct injection method demonstrated superior sensitivity for heteroatom-containing DOM. The direct analysis of seawater offers fast and simple sample preparation and avoids fractionation introduced by extraction. The method facilitates studies in environments, where only minimal sample volume is available e.g. in marine sediment pore water, ice cores, or permafrost soil solution. The small volume requirement also supports higher spatial (e.g., in soils) or temporal sample resolution (e.g., in culture experiments). Chromatographic separation adds further chemical information to molecular formulas, enhancing our understanding of marine biogeochemistry, chemodiversity, and ecological processes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
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    Iron Promotes the Retention of Terrigenous Dissolved Organic Matter in Subtidal Permeable Sediments (2024)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), ISSN: 0013-936X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Marine permeable sediments are important sites for organic matter turnover in the coastal ocean. However, little is known about their role in trapping dissolved organic matter (DOM). Here, we examined DOM abundance and molecular compositions (9804 formulas identified) in subtidal permeable sediments along a near- to offshore gradient in the German North Sea. With the salinity increasing from 30.1 to 34.6 PSU, the DOM composition in bottom water shifts from relatively higher abundances of aromatic compounds to more highly unsaturated compounds. In the bulk sediment, DOM leached by ultrapure water (UPW) from the solid phase is 54 ± 20 times more abundant than DOM in porewater, with higher H/C ratios and a more terrigenous signature. With 0.5 M HCl, the amount of leached DOM (enriched in aromatic and oxygen-rich compounds) is doubled compared to UPW, mainly due to the dissolution of poorly crystalline Fe phases (e.g., ferrihydrite and Fe monosulfides). This suggests that poorly crystalline Fe phases promote DOM retention in permeable sediments, preferentially terrigenous, and aromatic fractions. Given the intense filtration of seawater through the permeable sediments, we posit that Fe can serve as an important intermediate storage for terrigenous organic matter and potentially accelerate organic matter burial in the coastal ocean.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 6
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    Heatwave responses of Arctic phytoplankton communities are driven by combined impacts of warming and cooling. (2024)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Sci Adv, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 10(20), pp. eadl5904-eadl5904, ISSN: 2375-2548
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-22
    Description: Marine heatwaves are increasing in frequency and intensity as climate change progresses, especially in the highly productive Arctic regions. Although their effects on primary producers will largely determine the impacts on ecosystem services, mechanistic understanding on phytoplankton responses to these extreme events is still very limited. We experimentally exposed Arctic phytoplankton assemblages to stable warming, as well as to repeated heatwaves, and measured temporally resolved productivity, physiology, and composition. Our results show that even extreme stable warming increases productivity, while the response to heatwaves depends on the specific scenario applied and is not predictable from stable warming responses. This appears to be largely due to the underestimated impact of the cool phase following a heatwave, which can be at least as important as the warm phase for the overall response. We show that physiological and compositional adjustments to both warm and cool phases drive overall phytoplankton productivity and need to be considered mechanistically to predict overall ecosystem impacts.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 7
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    Driving forces of Antarctic krill abundance (2023)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 9(50), ISSN: 2375-2548
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-18
    Description: Antarctic krill, crucial to the Southern Ocean ecosystem and a vital fisheries resource, is endangered by climate change. Identifying drivers of krill biomass is therefore essential for determining catch limits and designating protection zones. We present a modeling approach to pinpointing effects of sea surface temperature, ice cover, chlorophyll levels, climate indices, and intraspecific competition. Our study reveals that larval recruitment is driven by both competition among age classes and chlorophyll levels. In addition, while milder ice and temperature in spring and summer favor reproduction and early larval survival, both larvae and juveniles strongly benefit from heavier ice and colder temperatures in winter. We conclude that omitting top-down control of resources by krill is only acceptable for retrospective or single-year prognostic models that use field chlorophyll data but that incorporating intraspecific competition is essential for longer-term forecasts. Our findings can guide future krill modeling strategies, reinforcing the sustainability of this keystone species.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 8
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    A Review of Arctic–Subarctic Ocean Linkages: Past Changes, Mechanisms, and Future Projections (2023)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2, ISSN: 2771-0378
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: 〈jats:p〉Arctic Ocean gateway fluxes play a crucial role in linking the Arctic with the global ocean and affecting climate and marine ecosystems. We reviewed past studies on Arctic–Subarctic ocean linkages and examined their changes and driving mechanisms. Our review highlights that radical changes occurred in the inflows and outflows of the Arctic Ocean during the 2010s. Specifically, the Pacific inflow temperature in the Bering Strait and Atlantic inflow temperature in the Fram Strait hit record highs, while the Pacific inflow salinity in the Bering Strait and Arctic outflow salinity in the Davis and Fram straits hit record lows. Both the ocean heat convergence from lower latitudes to the Arctic and the hydrological cycle connecting the Arctic with Subarctic seas were stronger in 2000–2020 than in 1980–2000. CMIP6 models project a continuing increase in poleward ocean heat convergence in the 21st century, mainly due to warming of inflow waters. They also predict an increase in freshwater input to the Arctic Ocean, with the largest increase in freshwater export expected to occur in the Fram Strait due to both increased ocean volume export and decreased salinity. Fram Strait sea ice volume export hit a record low in the 2010s and is projected to continue to decrease along with Arctic sea ice decline. We quantitatively attribute the variability of the volume, heat, and freshwater transports in the Arctic gateways to forcing within and outside the Arctic based on dedicated numerical simulations and emphasize the importance of both origins in driving the variability.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    High Levels of Microplastics in the Arctic Sea Ice Alga 〈i〉Melosira arctica〈/i〉, a Vector to Ice-Associated and Benthic Food Webs (2023)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 57(17), pp. 6799-6807, ISSN: 0013-936X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-16
    Description: Plastic pollution has become ubiquitous with very high quantities detected even in ecosystems as remote as arctic sea ice and deepsea sediments. Ice algae growing underneath sea ice are released upon melting and can form fast-sinking aggregates. In this pilot study, we sampled and analyzed the ice algaeMelosira arcticaand ambient sea water from three locations in the Fram Strait to assess their microplastic content and potential as a temporary sink and pathway to the deep seafloor. Analysis by μ-Raman and fluorescence microscopy detected microplastics (≥2.2 μm) in all samples at concentrations ranging from 1.3 to 5.7 × 104 microplastics (MP) m−3 in ice algae and from 1.4 to 4.5 × 103 MP m−3 in sea water, indicating magnitude higher concentrations in algae. On average, 94% of the total microplastic particles were identified as 10 μm or smaller in size and comprised 16 polymer types without a clear dominance. The high concentrations of microplastics found in our pilot study suggest thatM. arctica could trap microplastics from melting ice and ambient sea water. The algae appear to be a temporary sink and could act as a key vector to food webs near the sea surface and on the deep seafloor, to which its fast-sinking aggregates could facilitate an important mechanism of transport.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    Erratum to “A Review of Arctic–Subarctic Ocean Linkages: Past Changes, Mechanisms, and Future Projections” (2023)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2, ISSN: 2771-0378
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-20
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
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    Structure-informed microbial population genetics elucidate selective pressures that shape protein evolution (2023)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 9(8), pp. eabq4632-eabq4632, ISSN: 2375-2548
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: 〈jats:p〉Comprehensive sampling of natural genetic diversity with metagenomics enables highly resolved insights into the interplay between ecology and evolution. However, resolving adaptive, neutral, or purifying processes of evolution from intrapopulation genomic variation remains a challenge, partly due to the sole reliance on gene sequences to interpret variants. Here, we describe an approach to analyze genetic variation in the context of predicted protein structures and apply it to a marine microbial population within the SAR11 subclade 1a.3.V, which dominates low-latitude surface oceans. Our analyses reveal a tight association between genetic variation and protein structure. In a central gene in nitrogen metabolism, we observe decreased occurrence of nonsynonymous variants from ligand-binding sites as a function of nitrate concentrations, revealing genetic targets of distinct evolutionary pressures maintained by nutrient availability. Our work yields insights into the governing principles of evolution and enables structure-aware investigations of microbial population genetics.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 12
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    Finding the Balance between Research and Monitoring: When Are Methods Good Enough to Understand Plastic Pollution? (2023)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 57(15), pp. 6033-6039, ISSN: 0013-936X
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Description: Plastic pollution is an international environmental problem. Desire to act is shared from the public to policymakers, yet motivation and approaches are diverging. Public attention is directed to reducing plastic consumption, cleaning local environments, and engaging in citizen science initiatives. Policymakers and regulators are working on prevention and mitigation measures, while international, regional, and national bodies are defining monitoring recommendations. Research activities are focused on validating approaches to address goals and comparing methods. Policy and regulation are eager to act on plastic pollution, often asking questions researchers cannot answer with available methods. The purpose of monitoring will define which method is implemented. A clear and open dialogue between all actors is essential to facilitate communication on what is feasible with current methods, further research, and development needs. For example, some methods can already be used for international monitoring, yet limitations including target plastic types and sizes, sampling strategy, available infrastructure and analytical capacity, and harmonization of generated data remain. Time and resources to advance scientific understanding must be balanced against the need to answer pressing policy issues.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 13
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    Chasing iron bioavailability in the Southern Ocean: Insights from Phaeocystis antarctica and iron speciation (2023)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 9(26), pp. eadf9696-eadf9696, ISSN: 2375-2548
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: Dissolved iron (dFe) availability limits the uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the Southern Ocean (SO) biological pump. Hence, any change in bioavailable dFe in this region can directly influence climate. On the basis of Fe uptake experiments with Phaeocystis antarctica, we show that the range of dFe bioavailability in natural samples is wider (〈1 to ~200% compared to free inorganic Fe′) than previously thought, with higher bioavailability found near glacial sources. The degree of bioavailability varied regardless of in situ dFe concentration and depth, challenging the consensus that sole dFe concentrations can be used to predict Fe uptake in modeling studies. Further, our data suggest a disproportionately major role of biologically mediated ligands and encourage revisiting the role of humic substances in influencing marine Fe biogeochemical cycling in the SO. Last, we describe a linkage between in situ dFe bioavailability and isotopic signatures that, we anticipate, will stimulate future research.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 14
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    Improving Arctic sea-ice thickness estimates with the assimilation of CryoSat-2 summer observations (2023)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2, ISSN: 2771-0378
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-13
    Description: 〈jats:p〉Rapidly shrinking Arctic sea ice has had substantial impacts on the Earth system. Therefore, reliably estimating the Arctic sea-ice thickness (SIT) using a combination of available observations and numerical modeling is urgently needed. Here, for the first time, we assimilate the latest CryoSat-2 summer SIT data into a coupled ice-ocean model. In particular, an incremental analysis update scheme is implemented to overcome the discontinuity resulting from the combined assimilation of biweekly SIT and daily sea-ice concentration (SIC) data. Along with improved estimates of sea-ice volume, our SIT estimates corrected the overestimation of SIT produced by the reanalysis that assimilates only SIC in summer in areas where the sea ice is roughest and experiences strong deformation, e.g., around the Fram Strait and Greenland. This study suggests that the newly developed CryoSat-2 SIT product, when assimilated properly using our approach, has great potential for Arctic sea-ice simulation and prediction.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 15
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    Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial (2023)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 382(6677), pp. 1384-1389, ISSN: 0036-8075
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-22
    Description: The marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is considered vulnerable to irreversible collapse under future climate trajectories, and its tipping point may lie within the mitigated warming scenarios of 1.5° to 2°C of the United Nations Paris Agreement. Knowledge of ice loss during similarly warm past climates could resolve this uncertainty, including the Last Interglacial when global sea levels were 5 to 10 meters higher than today and global average temperatures were 0.5° to 1.5°C warmer than preindustrial levels. Using a panel of genome-wide, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of a circum-Antarctic octopus, we show persistent, historic signals of gene flow only possible with complete WAIS collapse. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that the tipping point of WAIS loss could be reached even under stringent climate mitigation scenarios.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 16
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    Caribbean salinity anomalies contributed to variable North Atlantic circulation and climate during the Common Era (2023)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 9(44), pp. eadg2639-eadg2639, ISSN: 2375-2548
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Paleoceanographic reconstructions show that the strength of North Atlantic currents decreased during the Little Ice Age. In contrast, the role of ocean circulation in climate regulation during earlier historical epochs of the Common Era (C.E.) remains unclear. Here, we reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity in the Caribbean Basin for the past 1700 years using the isotopic and elemental composition of planktic foraminifera tests. Centennial-scale SST and salinity variations in the Caribbean co-occur with (hydro)climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere and are linked to a North Atlantic SST forcing. Cold phases around 600, 800, and 1400 to 1600 C.E. are characterized by Caribbean salinification and Gulf of Mexico freshening that implies reductions in the strength of North Atlantic surface circulation. We suggest that the associated changes in the meridional salt advection contributed to the historical climate variability of the C.E.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 17
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    A Call to Include Plastics in the Global Environment in the Class of Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) Pollutants (2023)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 57(22), pp. 8185-8188, ISSN: 0013-936X
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 18
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    Antarctic marine life under pressure (2022)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 378(6617), pp. 230-230, ISSN: 0036-8075
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: 〈jats:p〉 Next week, the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) convenes in Hobart, Tasmania, to examine the state of marine life in the Southern Ocean. As part of the Antarctic Treaty System, this convention entered into force in 1982, and its focus on the region’s environmental integrity has never been more important, given the increasing effects of climate change and commercial fishing. An important focus over the past 40 years has been Antarctic krill, 〈jats:italic〉Euphausia superba〈/jats:italic〉 (hereafter krill), a keystone species that helps to hold this marine ecosystem together. Climate and fishing stresses should prompt the CCAMLR to address whether management of krill fishing is at a level that protects the Southern Ocean from losing its overall balance of marine life and the oceanic processes that regulate global climate. 〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 19
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    Spatial heterogeneity and environmental predictors of permafrost region soil organic carbon stocks (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Large stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) have accumulated in the northern hemisphere permafrost region, but their current mounts and future fate remain uncertain. By analyzing an unprecedented dataset combining 〉2,700 soil profiles with environmental variables in a geospatial framework, we generated spatially explicit estimates of permafrost-region SOC stocks, quantified spatial heterogeneity, and identified key environmental predictors. We estimated 1014−175+194 Pg C are stored in the top 3 m of permafrost region soils. The greatest uncertainties occurred in circumpolar toe-slope positions and in flat areas of the Tibetan region. We found that soil wetness index and elevation are the dominant topographic controllers and surface air temperature (circumpolar region) and precipitation (Tibetan region) are significant climatic controllers of SOC stocks. Our results provide the first high-resolution geospatial assessment of permafrost region SOC stocks and their relationships with environmental factors, which are crucial for modeling the response of permafrost affected soils to changing climate.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 20
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    A global environmental crisis 42,000 years ago (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Geological archives record multiple reversals of Earth’s magnetic poles, but the global impacts of these events, if any, remain unclear. Uncertain radiocarbon calibration has limited investigation of the potential effects of the last major magnetic inversion, known as the Laschamps Excursion [41 to 42 thousand years ago (ka)]. We use ancient New Zealand kauri trees (Agathis australis) to develop a detailed record of atmospheric radiocarbon levels across the Laschamps Excursion. We precisely characterize the geomagnetic reversal and perform global chemistry-climate modeling and detailed radiocarbon dating of paleoenvironmental records to investigate impacts. We find that geomagnetic field minima ~42 ka, in combination with Grand Solar Minima, caused substantial changes in atmospheric ozone concentration and circulation, driving synchronous global climate shifts that caused major environmental changes, extinction events, and transformations in the archaeological record.
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  • 21
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    Post-2020 goals overlook genetic diversity (2020)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RNA helicase activity associated with the human p68 protein (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 562-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Cell fractionation analysis has revealed a close association of the p68 protein with the nuclear matrix (unpublished data). Therefore, conditions were developed to quantitatively extract native p68 from cell nuclei, followed by a conventional chromatographic purification program (see Fig. la legend ...
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    Unstable money (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 406-406 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE continuing instability of the international currency markets seems to have taken even the world's financial institutions by surprise. Over the past three years, there have been regular meetings of the chief central banks at which the participants have smugly reaffirmed their determination to ...
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    Genetic tests made official by UK courts (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 408-408 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] London DNA PROFILING was added last week to the range of techniques available for use at the request of the British civil courts in cases of disputed paternity, and this week the Home Office may announce plans for a centrally run scheme for DNA testing in immigration cases. The technique ...
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    Space plane spawns hypersonic plans (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 409-409 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Bonn A GRANTING committee of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) is expected to overcome its initial misgivings and approve today two "special collaborative programmes" for research into hypersonic technologies. The DFG will invest about DM8.2 million in the three years beginning in July ...
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    End to exam boycott (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 410-410 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] London BRITISH university lecturers have narrowly voted to accept the pay settlement agreed last month between the university management and the lecturers' union, bringing to an end the five-month boycott of examinations which had threatened to delay the awarding of degrees to final-year ...
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    Agency starts work (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 411-411 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Paris THE French national agency for research on AIDS (ANRS), set up last November under the joint direction of the ministries for Health and for Research, has announced the major themes it has decided to develop. It will give grants to 202 of more than 470 research proposals received. Most ...
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    Wackersdorf finally dies (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 413-413 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Munich CONSTRUCTION was halted at 5 p.m. on 31 May at the controversial nuclear fuel reprocessing facility at Wackersdorf at the urging of the West German government. It now seems that the plant, in which DM 2,600 million had already been invested, will never be completed. A minimum of DM ...
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    Massachusetts set to crush polluters (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 413-413 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Boston A NEW 34-member environmental 'strike force' of scientists, lawyers and undercover police officers, equipped with aerial surveillance capabilities, is the Massachusetts answer to increasing industrial pollution. Declaring that polluters have fouled water supplies in more than 100 state ...
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    New light on the Lysenko era (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 415-420 
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    Notes: [Auszug] TROFIM Denisovich Lysenko's life and work have been much analysed and discussed in the world's literature. It is well-known that his activities were among the factors leading to the breakdown of biological, agricultural and, to some extent, medical science in the Soviet Union. They contributed to ...
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    Peer review (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 414-414 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Your leader on peer review (Nature 339,11; 1989) interests me greatly, because I do not know just how peers are chosen these days. In particular, although those who are concerned with fields contiguous to the work described may be able to read papers referred to them without difficulty, their ...
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    Leukaemia virus receptor (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 425-425 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FOR 25 years, researchers have tried without much success to identify the cell surface receptors that determine the binding and entry into cells of C-type leukaemia and sarcoma viruses. In the 19 May issue of Cell1, Lorraine Albritton and colleagues in Jim Cunningham's laboratory at Harvard Medical ...
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    Getting into the groove (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 429-430 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A DEBATE between two researchers1"3 should lead to a clearer picture of whether and how we can recognize engraved notations or calendars on prehistoric artefacts, by establishing the evidence that reveals if series of marks were accumulated slowly or made rapidly in one session. The latest research ...
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    Acid rain and eggshells (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 431-431 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-The Netherlands has the highest forest decline due to acid precipitation in Europe1. Studies on the effects of acid rain have concentrated on soil acidification in relation to changes in soil nutrient status, tree growth, disappearance of ectomy-corrhizal fungi and leaching of nitrate. Little ...
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    Three's company for stereo viewing (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 433-433 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Vance Tucker1 clearly describes an under-appreciated ambiguity associated with stereo diagrams: a stereo-pair can give the proper three-dimensional image or a 'backwards' one depending on whether it is viewed with crossed or uncrossed visual axes. The standard arrangement for publication ...
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    Mistaking a claim (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 435-436 
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    Notes: [Auszug] "THE Pole at last!" Peary proclaimed standing at least 90 miles from that point. The Big Nail', as the Eskimos called the Pole, was the goal for which he had unsucá-cessfully striven for over 20 years and it had eluded him again on his last attempt. Pierre Berton's entertaining and at ...
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    Special effects (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 437-437 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ECOTOXICOLOGISTS attempt to study the effects of chemicals on ecosystems. In the early days, about 25 years ago, we strugá-gled to reject the use of LD50 tests and related measures, and to find more releá-vant ways of assessment. There was an important dichotomy of views in the ...
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    Multiscale periodic structure in the lo wake (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 452-454 
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    Notes: [Auszug] In 1964 Bigg1 discovered that the Galilean satellite lo extended an unusual control over decametric radio emissions from Jupiter. It has since become clear that lo is a unique object in the Solar System. It has been suggested that lo has a good electrical conductivity5, thus disturbing the ...
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    Isotopic tracers of lead contamination in the Great Lakes (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 455-458 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Lead concentrations and isotopic compositions in the Great Lakes were measured with ultra-clean techniques developed for seawater analyses3. Samples (21) of epilimnionic (1m depth) waters in Lake Ontario and Lake Erie were collected from a raft in August 1987, at Environment Canada monitoring ...
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    High gradients of lead isotopic composition in north-east Pacific upwelling filaments (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 458-460 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Two-litre samples of surface water were collected from a ship-launched raft, using established procedures3, along transects across an upwelling filament (Fl) with a jet-like offshore flow of 0.5 m s"1 during the OPTOMA-21 cruise off central California, 7-20 July 1986 (Table la). Sub-surface samples ...
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    Scientific misconduct still an unknown (1989)
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    Nature 340 (1989), S. 3-3 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Audit urged at congressional hearing Legal position of journals questioned ...
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    New'integrity' offices appear in Washington (1989)
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    Nature 340 (1989), S. 3-3 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington The new office set up within the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to deal with scientific misconduct already has 77 cases on its books. But representatives of the Office of Scientific Integrity (OSI) are anxious to stress that they do not have an avalanche of fraud on their hands; the ...
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    Memories provoke new plans (1989)
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    Nature 340 (1989), S. 5-5 
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    Notes: [Auszug] San Francisco AMBITIOUS plans to create a unique semi-conductor company called US Memories Inc. from a consortium of US computer and chip makers are stirring a debate over efforts to counter Japanese inroads into high technology that could dictate the direction of future antitrust laws. ...
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    Tissue culture trends (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 488-490 
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    Notes: [Auszug] TAKING samples from very small amounts of liquid is now possible with C.P. Instrument's Micro pH Electrode (Reader Service No. 101). The microelectrode is small enough to measure pH in microwell plates, serum cups and capillary tubes. The instrument is a combination micro-probe/electrode with a tip ...
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    NIH guidance is rejected (1989)
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    Nature 340 (1989), S. 7-7 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE US National Institutes of Health (NIH) may already be regretting that they last week hosted a two-day meeting on conflict of interest in biomedical research backed with a promise that they would deliver a new set of guidelines within months. Far from welcoming NIH help, the ...
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    Working around the big academy in the Soviet Union (1989)
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    Nature 340 (1989), S. 9-9 
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    Notes: [Auszug] London SEVERAL new scientific organizations have emerged in the Soviet Union in the past few weeks, at least some of them from discon-tent with the Academy of Sciences. In May, for example, a group of physicists estab-lished the Moscow Physical Society, which they consider to be the spiritual heir ...
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    Use of animals in research (1989)
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    Nature 340 (1989), S. 10-10 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Professor Blakemore's recent de-fence of Nature's publication of work involving two fetal macaque monkeys and their mothers (Nature 337,265-267; 1989) offers little help in thinking about two serious ethical questions raised by Mr Hollands' criticisms. ...
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    Germany edges towards law (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 327-327 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Bonn REPRESENTATIVES of some 25 interest groups delivered their responses to a draft 'basic law' to regulate genetic engineering at a closed hearing in the West German Health Ministry last week. The government has made the ambitious promise that it will pass the completed law by the end of 1990, ...
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    US explores tritium options (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 328-328 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE unintentional moratorium on tritium production in the United States is now expected to last until at least next year, when Department of Energy (DoE) officials hope one of the reactors at the Savannah River Plant in South Carolina can be restarted. The hiatus has bolstered arguments ...
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    A combination of a particular HLA-DPβ allele and an HLA-DQ heterodimer confers susceptibility to coeliac disease (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 470-473 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Molecular analysis has revealed the heterogeneity of the DR and DQ serotypes17'18 and, recently, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers associated with coeliac disease have been observed using DP/319, DPa19'20 and DQa21 complementary DNA probes. Recently, we have developed a simple ...
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    Location of high affinity Ca 2 + -binding sites within the predicted transmembrahe domain of the sarco-plasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 476-478 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The binding of two Ca2+ ions to high affinity sites within the Ca2+ - ATPase molecule is an essential first step in Ca2+ translo-cation4. When these sites are occupied, ATP hydrolysis is triggered, the enzyme is phosphorylated, and a series of conforma-tional changes in the enzyme results in the ...
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    Designs for living (1989)
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    Nature 340 (1989), S. 28-28 
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    Notes: [Auszug] QUESTIONS about the nature and function of art have traditionally been regarded as the special province of the aesthetician and art historian. Aestheticians, for example, have frequently sought to define art on the basis of phenomenal properties held in common by all artworks. But although they ...
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    Can solid-state effects enhance the cold-fusion rate? (1989)
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    Nature 340 (1989), S. 45-46 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The theoretical rate, F, of neutron production by fusion per second per deuteron pair is of the form F = Aa~3 e~B, where A is the rate of the fusion reaction, d + d -〉 3He + n, per unit proba-bility density at r = 0, r is the relative separation of the two deuterons, a3 is approximately the volume ...
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    Land-sea correlations in the Pleistocene based on isoleucine epimerization in non-marine molluscs (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 340 (1989), S. 49-51 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The standard classification of the British Pleistocene has mainly evolved since 1950 and was formally adopted in 1973 (ref. 2). Its basis was the identification of fixed-points in time, each of which had a characteristic vegetational history. The 'glacial' Pleistocene of lowland England is ...
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    Climate and signature years in west European oaks (1989)
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    Nature 340 (1989), S. 57-60 
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    Notes: [Auszug] In cross-dating oaks, growth patterns for timbers or trees from one source area are compared and consolidated into an undated site chronology. They are then fixed in time by reference to living trees or to chronologies from other sites. The simplest comparison that may be carried out between these ...
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    Very high frequency of lymphoma induction by a chemical carcinogen in pim -1 transgenic mice (1989)
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    Nature 340 (1989), S. 61-63 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We used two different pirn-1 transgenic mouse lines: E^-pim-1 and H2K-p/m-l mice; the constructs generating these mice are shown in Fig. 1. Both the E^-pim-1 and the H2K-pim-1 transgene are expressed predominantly in lymphoid cells2 (J. Domen, personal communication). Within 240 days, 10% of the ...
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    Decreased expression of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter in diabetes and fasting (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 340 (1989), S. 70-72 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Previous measurements of total glucose transporters in adipocytes from streptozotocin-induced diabetic and fasted rats have shown that the microsomal pool of intracellular glucose transporters is reduced concomitantly with the development of insulin resistance1"3. Insulin-dependent movement of the ...
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    More change for British research (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 645-645 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WHAT will happen next to the British research enterprise? That must have been the question on the minds of members of the Academia Europaea at their second meeting in London this week (see page 651). Mr Kenneth Baker, Secretary of State for Education and Science, is the nearest thing to a minister ...
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    The flatworm's turn (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 648-648 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THF question of which person's genes will be mapped and sequenced by the US human genome initiative is still open, but under the genome programme of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), the humble nematode may be the first higher organism to have its genes ordered into a physical ...
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    Colloids stick to fractal rules (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 340-341 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A TWO-DIMENSIONAL projection of a tree's root system looks remarkably like an overhead view of a river delta. Both are random fractals and the similarities arise from similar large-scale rules of growth which seem not to be influenced by their detailed constituents. The attraction of fractal ...
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    A new form of transmission? (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 343-344 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] NEURONS signal each other by releasing chemical transmitters, a process thought to be confined to synapses. Two studies reported by Marrero et al. on page 378 and by Usowicz et al. on page 380 of this issue12 provide evidence, albeit indirect, for non-synaptic axonal transmitter release, and ...
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    US forecast too low? (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 651-651 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) underestimated the number of AIDS cases the United States can expect by the end of 1991 by as much as one-third, according to a report released this week by the US General Accounting Office (GAO). The GAO says the 195,000-320,000 cases projected ...
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    Europeans to design chips for everything? (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 652-652 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Vienna EUROPEAN microelectronics collaboration on an unprecedented scale was agreed last week by five nations and the European Community (EC) Commission as well as three electronics companies. The JESSI (Joint European Submicron Silicon) project will invest as much as 3,800 million ECU (some ...
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    A new Framework is established (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 653-653 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Paris TEN joint research programmes were approved by European Community research ministers last week at a meeting of the Council of the European Commission in Luxembourg, and three others were passed for a second reading in the European Parliament. Ninety-one per cent (Ecu 482 million, about ...
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    On principles (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 654-654 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-John Barrow (Nature 339, 170; 1989) calls into question our report (Nature 337, 411-412; 1989) on the recent conference in Venice on the anthropic principle in cosmology. We find it difficult to see that Barrow's letter accurately conveys the main thrust of his contribution to the conference. ...
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    Valuation of an Amazonian rainforest (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 655-656 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] TROPICAL forest resources have traditionally been divided into two main groups: timber resources, which include sawlogs and pulpwood; and non-wood or 'minor' forest products, which include edible fruits, oils, latex, fibre and medicines. Most financial appraisals of tropical forests have focused ...
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    The search for functions (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 661-662 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE concentration of calcium ions in cells fluctuates in a narrow range between resting and damaging levels, suggesting that the proteins which bind calcium are important in many biochemical regulatory processes. Calcium-binding proteins whose roles are known, such as calmodu-lin and troponin C, ...
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    Lost birds of New Caledonia (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 666-666 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] EVER since Darwin came away from the Galapagos Islands, island faunas have been seen as simplified microcosms of the complex webs of evolution and speciation evident from larger land masses. But islands are doubly interesting, because they may play host to highly specialized endemic species. There ...
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    Measurement of γrays from cold fusion (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 667-669 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PETRASSO ET AL. REPLY-Our criticism1 of the published 2.22-MeV neutron-capture-on-hydrogen y-ray line of Fleischmann et al.\ claimed by them as compelling evidence of neutron production in their electrochemical cells (Fig. la of erratum of ref. 2; Fig. 2 of ref. 1; our Fig. 1 here), raised two ...
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    Seal disease predictions (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 670-670 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-It is now generally accepted that the primary agent responsible for the deaths of more than 17,000 common seals (Phoca vitulina) in Europe since April 1988 is a previously undescribed morbillivirus, phocine distemper virus (PDV)1. At least 185 grey seals (Halichoems grypus) have been found dead ...
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    Sunny planet (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 672-673 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] EXTREME examples test and often illuminate broader truths. In planetary science, Mercury, Pluto and Jupiter all represent 'end-member' planets - objects that stretch the limits of our understanding of what constitutes a planet, and hence the conditions and processes that gave rise to the Solar ...
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    Comparison of oceanic and continental sources of non-sea-salt sulphate over the Pacific Ocean (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 685-687 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recently, Charlson et all hypothesized that oceanic phyto-plankton might control the Earth's albedo and climate via variations in the production of DMS, which is emitted into the atmosphere and subsequently oxidized to SC〉4~. SOl~ readily forms particles that interact strongly with solar and ...
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    Calculated fusion rates in isotopic hydrogen molecules (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 690-691 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Consider a free diatomic molecule composed of two hydrogen nuclei (which might be different isotopes). In the Born-Oppenheimer approximation the fusion rate A is proportional to the probability that the nuclei are very close together: where W is the normalized wavefunction describing their relative ...
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    Patterns in tree species richness as a test of the glacial extinction hypothesis (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 699-701 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Our conclusions are based on an extensive study of climate-richness relationships for the whole of Europe and parts of eastern Asia (Soviet East Asia, Japan and Taiwan). We used natural range maps and local floras2'5'10 to produce totals of numbers of species of trees (defined as any woody species ...
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    NERC plans to double its expenditure (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 241-241 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] London THE UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) plans to double its expenditure on atmospheric sciences in universities next year, giving priority to global atmospheric modelling, tropospheric chemistry and meso-scale meteorology. And to highlight the new emphasis, the council is ...
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    Bandwagon heads east (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 242-242 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo JAPAN'S Environment Agency, which has recently been talking tough (and getting its way) on everything from the protection of the ozone layer to the preservation of Okinawa's coral reefs, is calling on Japan to play a bigger role in protecting the global environment in two reports released ...
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    Diversity of γδ T-cell receptors on murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 712-714 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To synthesize DNA encoding the V-J or V-D-J junctional regions of TCR y- or 5-chains, RNA extracted from IEL was subjected to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)15 (see Table 1 for the synthetic primers used), and subsequently analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis (Fig. 1). Concordant with a ...
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    A transcriptional repressor of c- myc (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 718-721 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The binding sites for myc-PRF and myc-CFl, as identified by orthophenanthroline/copper (OP/Cu) chemical nuclease footprinting2'3 and methylation interference2, are shown in Fig. 1 (also Fig. 3a). To test myc-PRF function, we used oligonucleo-tide-directed mutagenesis to delete 14 base pairs (bp) of ...
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    The highly concentrated liquid-crystalline phase of DNA is columnar hexagonal (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 724-726 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We. Prepared large amounts of 50-nm DNA molecules14 and obtained the liquid crystalline phases using distilled water, 0.1 M NaCl and 0.25 M ammonium acetate as solvents without any visible modification of texture in the optical microscope. The first germs of the 'highly concentrated' phase are ...
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    Double blow for cold nuclear fusion (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 567-567 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ▪ Harwell investigation stopped ▪ Los Alamos collaboration fails Washington Two negative announcements about cold fusion last week may prove particularly troublesome to Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischman, the researchers who set off the controversial debate with their claim on 23 ...
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    Biomedical bugs (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 568-568 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE bargain sale of US-financed research data to Japan was not the only conflict of interest to exercise the Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations subcommittee hearing last week. Biomedical researchers were seen as particularly likely to suffer conflicting interests, given ...
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    Burning continues, slightly abated (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 569-569 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sao Paulo THE dry season is beginning in Amazonia and farmers are getting ready for the quei-madas, the burning of the forest and savannah-like cerrado to make the land fit for pasture and planting. In a new report, the Institute for Space Research estimates the extent of last year's burnings at ...
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    Old tasks given a new life (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 571-571 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Paris "IF we work for the poor and the penguins simultaneously, we can hope for a better common present and future", says Professor M. Swaminathan, President of the Indian National Academy of Sciences. His poetic statement gives the gist of a meeting at UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, ...
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    Management issues settled (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 573-573 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo AN international council of scientists will have the biggest say in selecting the research objectives of Japan's Human Frontier Science Program. That is the most important outcome of discussions of the programme held last week in Tokyo by government representatives of the seven Western ...
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    Japan's blue sky grows even bigger (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 572-572 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo IMAGING and manipulation of materials at the sub-micrometre to atomic level feature in three new ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology) projects just announced by the Research and Development Corporation of Japan. ERATO, which is funded by the Science and Technology Agency, ...
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    Reprint requests (1989)
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    Nature 339 (1989), S. 574-574 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-I agree with Mathew T. Martin-Iverson (Nature 337, 594; 1989) and Ivor Smith (Nature 336, 708; 1988) that many scientists request reprints on the basis of the title of an article without actually reading the article. The pros and cons of requesting reprints have been discussed by the two ...
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    Japanese universities feel the chill (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 575-576 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] VISITORS from abroad are often surprised by the contrast between the substandard conditions in Japanese university laboratories and the well-equipped laboratories in private industry. Japan is now regarded as rich and successful in producing high-quality commercial products, but university ...
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    Making light of gravity (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 579-580 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE most critical problem in cosmology today is the task of explaining the existence of galaxies and galaxy clusters. This problem is particularly acute because the only real success of modern cosmology is the use of a perfectly homogeneous and isotropic model to explain the primordial abundances ...
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    Fast changes in geomagnetism (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 582-583 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A SEQUENCE of palaeomagnetic directions corresponding to the "astonishingly high rates of change ... of at least 3° and 300 gammas [nanotesla] per day" have been identified from lava flows in Oregon by Robert S. Coe and Michel Prevot (Earth planet. ScL Lett. 92, 292-298; 1989). Typical rates of ...
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    Boring and crazing (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 586-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To propagate through a solid, a crack must find from somewhere the energy needed to form its growing surfaces. If its surface-energy were ever zero, a crack could spread and ramify spontaneously. This actually happens when water is forced into a viscous material with which it is thermodynami-cally ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339586a0
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    Learning by handshake? (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 588-588 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-We recently reported that long-term potentiation (LTP) in some hippocampal synapses is associated^with a slow increase in the sensitivity of CA1 neurons to analogues of the neurotransmitter L-glutamate1. This result implies that post-synaptic mechanisms can underlie the long-lasting enhancement ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339588a0
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    Out of focus (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 590-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN 1939 some notable books on photographic history were published, their appearance being primarily due to the centenary of photography's announcement. Fifty years later, as we celebrate the 150th anniversary, another surge of publishing is underway to mark the event. During the intervening years ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339590a0
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    Bringing it all together (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 591-591 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ROBERT Gennis's Biomembranes is the fourth volume to appear in Springer's Advanced Texts in Chemistry series. The series has an established record of excellence, and this latest addition lives up to expectations. Gennis set out to produce a book that he would like to have had as a student, as well ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339591b0
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    Structural parts involved in activation and inactivation of the sodium channel (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 597-603 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Structure–function relationships of the sodium channel expressed inXenopus oocytes have been investigated by the combined use of site–directed mutagenesis and patch-clamp recording. This study provides evidence that the positive charges in segment S4 are involved in the ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339597a0
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    Existence of moonlets in Saturn's rings inferred from the optical depth profile (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 607-608 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Despite a careful search of Saturn's rings by Voyager 2, moonlets have not been detected. It is probable that, if they exist, they are too small to have been observed directly by Voyager amidst the bright ring material6. Furthermore, with the exception of the density wake caused by the Encke-gap ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339607a0
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    Fractality of sooty smoke: implications for the severity of nuclear winter (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 611-613 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sooty smoke is formed during the non-flaming combustion of oils, plastics and construction materials. It absorbs sunlight strongly; at visible wavelengths its specific absorption is typically 8-10m2g~1. It is estimated that sooty smoke provides about half the initial optical depth in a ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339611a0
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    Vesicular removal by oligodendrocytes of membrane attack complexes formed by activated complement (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 620-622 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Our preliminary studies extended reports of complement activation by purified myelin8'9, and showed that exposure of intact neonatal rat optic nerve oligodendrocytes to homologous serum resulted in classical pathway complement activation in the absence of antimyelin antibodies7. Bipotential ...
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  • 98
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    Acoustic emissions and shear instabilities during phase transformations in Si and Ge at ultrahigh pressures (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 616-618 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We compressed powdered Si and Ge (grain size 1-3 jjun) without a pressure medium in a Mao-Bell diamond cell3 at room temperature. Less than 5% by volume of ruby powder (grain size ^3 jjim) was placed at the interface between the sample and the upper diamond, and the pressure was measured with the ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339616a0
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  • 99
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    Alteration of mouse cytochrome P450 coh substrate specificity by mutation of a single amino-acid residue (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 632-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] By altering each of the 11 substituted amino acids in P450coh to the corresponding residue in P45015a, we obtained a series of mutant enzymes denoted Cl-11 (Fig. 1). Of these, C4, C6 and C9 exhibited only 35-45% of the coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity of wild-type P450coh indicating that Vail 17, ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339632a0
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    Chromatography international (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 642-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PHARMACIA LKB's model 2157 HPLC autosampler requires a minimum of sample and operates unattended (Reader Service No. 101). The injection volume of the automatic sample injector can be varied between 1 ^il and 1 ml in l-|il increments. The injection system is designed for zero dead volume, so only 3 ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339642a0
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