ALBERT

Description: The Black Sea has undergone several limnic and marine stages due to fluctuations in the global sea level. The exchange of saline water from the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea through the Bosporus Strait was interrupted when the sea level dropped below the Bosporus sill. This induced limnic conditions, while marine conditions were established after the reconnection to saline Mediterranean seawater. Extended river fan systems developed during sea level low-stands, providing large amounts of organic material being buried by rapid sedimentation on the slopes of the Black Sea margins. The biogenic degradation of this material produces most of the methane gas expelled into the anoxic water column today. This largely happens by ubiquitous cold vents at ~700 m water depth (i.e. at the stability boundary of methane hydrates) and by mud volcanoes in ~2000 m water depth. A significant amount of gas is expected to accumulate in the sediment within the methane hydrate stability zone. However, bottom-simulating reflectors, the seismic indicator for gas hydrates, are not found everywhere along the margin. Recent analyses of the Danube and Dniepr fans have revealed a discontinuous gas hydrate formation in an area with no active seeps, while areas of active seepage located in the vicinity of BSR reflections held no gas hydrates. In addition, the ongoing diffusion of salt into the uppermost Black Sea sediment pore space since the last glacial maximum further reduces the volume of the gas hydrate stability zone. Estimates of the total amount of gas stored in gas hydrates therefore require a detailed structural analysis prior to regional- or basin-scale modelling attempts.

Description: Marine electromagnetic methods provide useful and independent measures for the identification and quantification of submarine gas hydrates. The resistivity of seafloor sediments, drawn from area-wide electromagnetic data, mainly depends on the sediment porosity and the nature of the pore fluid. Gas hydrates and free gas are both electrically resistive. The replacement of saline water, thus conductive pore water with resistive gas hydrate or free gas, increases the sediment resistivity and can be used to provide accurate saturation estimates if the background lithology is known. While seismic methods are predominantly used to study the distribution of submarine gas hydrates, a growing number of global field studies have demonstrated that the joint interpretation of marine seismic and electromagnetic methods improves the evaluation of submarine gas hydrate targets. This article discusses the relationship between resistivity and free gas/gas hydrate saturation levels, how the resistivity of the sediment may be measured and summarizes the status and results of current and past field studies.

Description: 〈p〉The invasion of Ukraine by Russian forces has led to sharp rises in gas prices in Europe and around the world with real concerns about the possible curtailment of gas flows from Russia to Europe. Pipeline imports from Russia began falling in the last quarter of 2021 and declined even further in January and most […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/ukraine-invasion-what-this-means-for-the-european-gas-markets/"〉Ukraine Invasion: What This Means for the European Gas Market〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In late 2021, China experienced a severe electricity supply crisis that affected 20 provinces. Industrial activity was curtailed, and even households suffered prolonged outages in some areas. The country is no stranger to periodic energy supply shortages and in many outages in the past, the principal causes involved either poor policy coordination or a clash […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-forum-the-2021-energy-crisis-implications-for-chinas-energy-market-and-policies/"〉Oxford Energy Forum – The 2021 energy crisis: Implications for China’s energy market and policies – Issue 131〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, energy markets are in turmoil. Oil and gas prices are rising and exhibiting high volatility as the markets grapple with the impact of sanctions and the prospect of reduced flows from Russia . China is heavily exposed to Russian commodity exports and to global markets. The […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-russian-invasion-of-ukraine-and-chinas-energy-markets/"〉The Russian invasion of Ukraine and China’s energy markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast, James Henderson talks to Anouk Honoré about her forthcoming article “Demand-side factors behind the historical gas price rally in Europe in 2021”. This article is part of a trilogy entitled “A Series of Unfortunate Events” that analyses the main supply and demand factors in the European gas market(s) that contributed to rising gas prices since summer […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-a-series-of-unfortunate-events-demand-side-factors-in-the-european-gas-price-rally-in-2021/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – A Series of Unfortunate Events:​ Demand-Side Factors in the European Gas Price Rally ​in 2021〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Podcast-132-EU-Gas-Demand.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Podcast-132-EU-Gas-Demand.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast James Henderson talks to Mike Fulwood and Jack Sharples about their latest research on the possible impact of an interruption of Russian gas supplies to Europe. After a quick update on current gas prices Jack Sharples reviews the current state of gas supply to Europe, looking at flows in 2021 […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-the-russian-invasion-of-ukraine-implications-for-the-european-gas-market/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – The Russian invasion of Ukraine – implications for the European gas market〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-135-The-Russian-invasion-of-Ukraine-–-implications-for-the-European-gas-market.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-135-The-Russian-invasion-of-Ukraine-–-implications-for-the-European-gas-market.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉This month’s OIES Oil Monthly Special Issue assesses the implications of the Ukraine war on our short-term oil market outlook for market balances and prices to 2023. The analysis considers two scenarios. A Reference case in which self-sanctioning measures and obstacles in redirecting Russian crude flows due to financing and shipping constraints results in a […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-oil-monthly-issue-12/"〉OIES Oil Monthly – Special Issue 12〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉This paper aims to examine consumer behaviour towards, and the willingness to adopt, ‘green steel’ in the automotive sector. Semi-structured interviews were held with experts from global, regional and country-specific industry associations and automakers. This paper appraises potential demand for green steel within different vehicle types (based both on size and powertrain) and shows that manufacturers […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/steeling-the-race-green-steel-as-the-new-clean-material-in-the-automotive-sector/"〉Steeling the race: ‘Green steel’ as the new clean material in the automotive sector〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast David Ledesma discusses the implications of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine for global oil markets with Bassam Fattouh, Director of OIES based on his latest paper: Russia-Ukraine crisis: Implications for global oil markets with Andreas Economou and Ahmed Mehdi. In this wide-ranging discussion, Bassam Fattouh discusses what the potential loss of Russian oil […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-russia-ukraine-crisis-implications-for-global-oil-markets/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – Russia-Ukraine crisis – Implications for global oil markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-134-Russia-Ukraine-crisis-Implications-for-global-oil-markets.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-134-Russia-Ukraine-crisis-Implications-for-global-oil-markets.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In September-October 2021, China experienced a severe electricity supply crisis that impacted over twenty provinces, leading to industrial curtailment and residential supply cuts in some areas. In this podcast David Ledesma discusses the causes and implications of this supply crisis with Michal Meidan Director of the Gas Research Programme & the China Energy Research Programme […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-the-2021-energy-crisis-implications-for-chinas-energy-market-and-policies/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – The 2021 energy crisis: Implications for China’s energy market and policies〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-133-The-2021-energy-crisis-Implications-for-Chinas-energy-market-and-policies.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-133-The-2021-energy-crisis-Implications-for-Chinas-energy-market-and-policies.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉This paper considers potential import routes for low-carbon and renewable hydrogen (H2) to main European markets like Germany. In particular, it analyses claims made by Hydrogen Europe and subsequently picked up by the European Commission in its Hydrogen Strategy that there will be 40GW of electrolyser capacity in nearby countries providing hydrogen imports to Europe […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/potential-development-of-renewable-hydrogen-imports-to-european-markets-until-2030/"〉Potential development of renewable hydrogen imports to European markets until 2030〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉After weeks of tensions, Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered Russian troops to invade Ukraine, prompting an international sanctions response targeting Russia’s economy but not directly its oil supplies or energy payments. But as sanctions on Russia intensified and as financial institutions started to refuse financing Russia-related transactions, including opening letters of credit or clearing payments […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/russia-ukraine-crisis-implications-for-global-oil-markets/"〉Russia-Ukraine crisis: Implications for global oil markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉The specter of climate change has impacted shareholder sentiment making many market participants evaluate their business models in accordance with Cop-26 pledges – looking for ways of winning the mandate for capital in a sustainable way. The most familiar approach to reducing carbon footprint is by creating ‘GHG-verified’ claims. Typically, these involve a verified account […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/ghg-verified-mechanisms-for-internationally-traded-crude-oil-and-possible-impact-on-oil-benchmarks/"〉GHG-verified mechanisms for internationally traded crude oil and possible impact on oil benchmarks〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Central banks worldwide are stepping up actions in relation to climate change and taking on an increasingly important role in supporting the energy transition. Given the prominent role that central banks play in the financial markets and in influencing financing conditions, they can act as a powerful catalyst in addressing climate change. But their involvement […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/central-banks-green-shift-and-the-energy-transition/"〉Central Banks’ ‘Green Shift’ and the Energy Transition〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉On 8 March 2022, the European Commission published the outline of a plan to make Europe independent from Russian fossil fuels well before 2030, starting with gas, in light of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The Commission noted that EU gas imports from Russia in 2021 (pipeline and LNG combined) totalled 155 billion cubic metres (bcm), […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-eu-plan-to-reduce-russian-gas-imports-by-two-thirds-by-the-end-of-2022-practical-realities-and-implications/"〉The EU plan to reduce Russian gas imports by two-thirds by the end of 2022: Practical realities and implications〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉On 17 March, Michal Meidan testified before the U.S.-China Economic & Security Review Commission on China’s Energy Plans and Practices. In her testimony, Michal discussed the outlook for China’s fossil fuel demand in China, the successes and challenges associated with fossil fuel supply and how this fits into the country’s low carbon energy transition. Michal […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/statement-before-the-u-s-china-economic-and-security-review-commission-policymaking-and-energy-supply-and-demand-in-chinas-domestic-economy/"〉Statement before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission: Policymaking and Energy Supply and Demand in China’s Domestic Economy〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In 2021, China experienced several episodes of power shortages and outages, heightening already existing concerns about energy security. In response, the government instituted a rapid succession of market reforms and other regulatory changes, which have pushed the majority of power users into the power market and also allowed for a wider range of electricity prices. […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-chinas-power-market-reforms-in-an-age-of-insecurity/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – China’s power market reforms in an age of insecurity〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-136-–-Chinas-power-market-reforms-in-an-age-of-insecurity.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-136-–-Chinas-power-market-reforms-in-an-age-of-insecurity.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The dramatic rise in European, and indeed in global, gas prices over the summer of 2021, leading to unprecedented prices in Q4, has been the subject of much debate. Is it simply a market reflection of stronger than expected demand and weaker than expected supplies? Or is it a step change in the context of […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/a-series-of-unfortunate-events-explaining-european-gas-prices-in-2021-the-role-of-the-traded-gas-hubs/"〉A Series of Unfortunate Events – Explaining European Gas Prices in 2021: The role of the traded gas hubs〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this OIES podcast James Henderson talks to Anouk Honoré and Jack Sharples about the EU plan to diversify gas imports away from Russia in 2022. They discuss the latest strategy published by the European Commission on March 8, which addresses both the supply and demand-side options. The podcast considers the potential to import an […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-eu-plans-to-reduce-russian-gas-imports/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – EU plans to reduce Russian gas imports〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-137-EU-plans-to-reduce-Russian-gas-imports-.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Podcast-137-EU-plans-to-reduce-Russian-gas-imports-.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉India has been implementing climate actions since 2001, when it was one of very few countries to pass an Energy Conservation Act, followed by an industrial emissions trading scheme to force large manufacturing companies to become more energy efficient. A National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC) was passed in 2008, and included relatively modest […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/indias-progress-on-its-climate-action-plan-an-update-in-early-2022/"〉India’s Progress on its Climate Action Plan – An Update in Early 2022〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has catalysed a chorus of dismay and outrage from western companies with investments in Russia and has led some to announce their withdrawal from the country. Furthermore, it has also caused the US and the EU to impose sanctions on individuals and companies involved in the energy sector and to announce […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/thoughts-on-the-impact-of-foreign-companies-exiting-the-russian-oil-and-gas-industry/"〉Thoughts on the impact of foreign companies exiting the Russian oil and gas industry〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉On February 4 2022 China’s President Xi Jinping and Russia’s President Vladimir Putin signed a series of new oil and gas contracts including an additional 10 bcma gas pipeline deal. This comment reviews how the new gas deal between Russia and China fits into their strategies, highlights the key implications of expanded gas cooperation between […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/russia-and-china-expand-their-gas-deal-key-implications/"〉Russia and China Expand Their Gas Deal: Key Implications〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉This new OIES presentation features a comprehensive empirical assessment of the implications of the Ukraine war on oil price and supply/demand dynamics via a number of forecast scenarios examining the size of disruption in Russian supplies, OPEC and non-OPEC supply response, the impact of the latest US announcement of SPR release and other uncertainty scenarios. […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/russias-invasion-of-ukraine-and-global-oil-market-scenarios/"〉Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and global oil market scenarios〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Brent is the world’s most important crude oil benchmark. Arguably, it is responsible for pricing almost seventy percent of globally traded crude oil and long-term LNG. Over time however, the falling production of Brent has forced the price reporting agencies (PRAs) to introduce new grades in the ‘basket’ of crudes eligible for delivery as ‘Brent’ […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-future-of-the-brent-oil-benchmark-a-radical-makeover/"〉The Future of the Brent Oil Benchmark: A Radical Makeover〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this first of a new series of podcasts, OIES presents a regular review of the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on energy markets. James Henderson interviews Mike Fulwood and Jack Sharples on the drivers of current price dynamics, the situation with Russian gas flows to Europe, the availability of LNG supply to Europe and […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-series-russia-ukraine-conflict-impact-on-energy-markets/"〉OIES Podcast Series: Russia-Ukraine War – Impact on Energy Markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/OIES-Podcast-Series-Russia-Ukraine-Conflict-–-Impact-on-Energy-Markets-1.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/OIES-Podcast-Series-Russia-Ukraine-Conflict-–-Impact-on-Energy-Markets-1.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉On 31 March 2022, President Putin signed a Decree on the Special Procedure for the Fulfilment by Foreign Buyers of Obligations to Russian Natural Gas Suppliers, which, in essence, requires buyers from ‘unfriendly’ countries to pay in roubles for gas delivered to them after 1 April 2022. The key objective of this comment is to discuss […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/rouble-gas-payment-mechanism-implications-for-gas-supply-contracts/"〉Rouble gas payment mechanism: implications for gas supply contracts〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉The gas market in Europe is in a state of real uncertainty as to whether Russia will cut off gas supplies to Europe, or whether the EU should sanction imports of gas on the grounds that their payments are fuelling the Russian war machine in Ukraine. The current situation of uncertainty and not knowing whether […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/russian-gas-to-the-eu-to-sanction-or-not-to-sanction/"〉Russian gas to the EU: to sanction or not to sanction〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉This month’s Special Issue continues to assess the implications of the Ukraine war on our short-term oil market outlook for supply/demand and price dynamics to 2023, featuring the first detailed assessment of the impacts on OECD products demand. The analysis considers two principal scenarios. A Reference case in which self-sanctioning measures and obstacles in redirecting Russian crude and petroleum […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-oil-monthly-issue-13/"〉OIES Oil Monthly – Issue 13〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast we continue our weekly updates of the impact of the war between Russia and Ukraine on energy markets. This week we review the significant increase in global LNG supply and its availability to the European market, while also considering the other sources of non-Russian supply. We also review the flows […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-series-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-2/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 2〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/OIES-Podcast-Series-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-2.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/OIES-Podcast-Series-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-2.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Brent is the world’s most important crude oil benchmark. However, the falling production of Brent has forced the price reporting agencies to introduce new grades in the ‘basket’ of crudes eligible for delivery as ‘Brent’ and widen the loading dates that can be used in their assessments. Brent has become just a brand name in […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-the-future-of-the-brent-oil-benchmark-a-radical-makeover/"〉OIES Podcast – The Future of the Brent Oil Benchmark: A Radical Makeover〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/PODCAST-140-Future-of-the-Brent-Benchmark.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/PODCAST-140-Future-of-the-Brent-Benchmark.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Green Bonds have experienced a massive growth in the recent years and have received growing attention following the Paris Agreement. In this podcast David Ledesma talks to Andrea Maino, Research Fellow at the OIES, about his recent paper “Financing the Energy Transition: The Role, Opportunities and Challenges of Green Bonds” that was published by the […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-financing-the-energy-transition-the-role-opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-bonds/"〉OIES Podcast – Financing the Energy Transition: The Role, Opportunities and Challenges of Green Bonds〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Podcast-138-Financing-the-Energy-Transition-The-Role-Opportunities-and-Challenges-of-Green-Bonds.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Podcast-138-Financing-the-Energy-Transition-The-Role-Opportunities-and-Challenges-of-Green-Bonds.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast, David Ledesma talks to Martin Lambert, Head of OIES Hydrogen Research, about the key messages from the recent European Hydrogen Conference and how they fit with the ongoing research in OIES.   In particular, they cover the heightened energy security concerns following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and hydrogen ambitions in the REPowerEU […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-energy-podcast-hydrogen-current-challenges-in-creating-viable-business-cases/"〉OIES Podcast – Hydrogen: Current challenges in creating viable business cases〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Podcast-142-Hydrogen-Challenges-creating-viable-business-cases.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Podcast-142-Hydrogen-Challenges-creating-viable-business-cases.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this third of our series on the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on energy markets James Henderson talks to Bassam Fattouh about the impact of a potential Russian oil embargo on oil supply, demand and prices. Dr Fattouh outlines the conclusions from the latest OIES Oil Monthly, which analyses a number of scenarios for […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-3-oil-market-focus/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 3 – Oil Market Focus〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Podcast-143-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-3-Oil-Market-Focus.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Podcast-143-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-3-Oil-Market-Focus.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast we continue our weekly updates of the impact of the war between Russia and Ukraine on energy markets. This week James Henderson, Jack Sharples and Mike Fulwood review continuing flows of Russian gas to Europe, despite the threat of an embargo. We note the increase in volumes since the invasion […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-4/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 4〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/PODCAST-145-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-4.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/PODCAST-145-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-4.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Here you will find the pre-read for session 4 of the April 2022 Sponsors’ Meeting. Session 4 – Gas Sponsors Meeting April 2022〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/pre-read-session-4-energy-transition-scenarios-and-impacts-on-natural-gas/"〉Pre-read Session 4 – Energy Transition Scenarios and Impacts on Natural Gas〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉The strong increase in Turkish demand and the call on Russian pipeline flows, in the context of tight European markets in late 2021 and the high price environment in 2022, raises questions about the outlook for 2022. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Europe’s anticipated need for higher LNG imports, markets are eyeing with […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/turkeys-supply-demand-balance-and-renewal-of-its-ltcs/"〉Turkey’s supply-demand balance and renewal of its LTCs〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: Every year, vast quantities of plastic debris arrive at the ocean surface. Nevertheless, our understanding of plastic movements is largely incomplete and many of the processes involved with the horizontal and vertical displacement of plastics in the ocean are still basically unknown. In this chapter we review the dynamics associated with the transport of plastics and other pollutants at oceanic fronts. Fronts had been historically defined as simple barriers to exchange, but here we show that the role of these structures in influencing the transport of plastics is more complex. The tools used to investigate the occurrence of frontal structures at various spatial scales are reviewed in detail, with a particular focus on their potential applications to the study of plastic pollution. Three selected case studies are presented to better describe the role of fronts in favoring or preventing plastic exchanges: the large-scale Antarctic Circumpolar Current, a Mediterranean mesoscale front, and the submesoscale fronts in the Gulf of Mexico. Lastly, some aspects related to the vertical subduction of plastic particles at oceanic fronts are discussed as one of the most promising frontiers for future research. The accumulation of floating debris at the sea surface is mainly affected by the horizontal components of frontal dynamics. At the same time, vertical components can be relevant for the export of neutrally buoyant particles from the surface into the deep sea. Based on these evidences, we propose that submesoscale processes can provide a fast and efficient route of plastic transport within the mixed layer, while mesoscale instabilities and associated vertical velocities might be the dominant mechanism to penetrate the deeper ocean on slower but broader scales. We conclude that given the ubiquitous presence of fronts in the world’s ocean, their contribution to the global plastic cycle is probably not negligible and the role of these processes in vertically displacing neutrally buoyant microplastics should be investigated in more detail.

Description: 〈p〉In this OIES podcast David Ledesma talks to Michal Meidan about China’s recently published energy five-year plans and how they align with the country’s near-term priorities. David and Michal discuss the macroeconomic outlook in China and the implications of the zero-tolerance approach to COVID for oil and gas demand, as well as how the Russian […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-chinas-energy-plans-and-macroeconomic-realities/"〉OIES Podcast – China’s energy plans and macroeconomic realities?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/PODCAST-144-Chinas-energy-plans-and-macroeconomic-realities.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/PODCAST-144-Chinas-energy-plans-and-macroeconomic-realities.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉India has taken on the unique challenge of trying to decarbonize while also growing its economy at 8-9% per annum. This is the required growth rate in order to meet the aspirations of its people related to decent employment, reliable economic growth, and improved standards of living. If you’ve heard the expression “trying to change […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-indias-progress-on-its-climate-action-plan/"〉OIES Podcast – India’s Progress on its Climate Action Plan〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Podcast-146-Indias-Progress-on-its-Climate-Action-Plan.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Podcast-146-Indias-Progress-on-its-Climate-Action-Plan.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉This new OIES presentation features our initial empirical assessment of the implications of the proposed EU ban on Russian oil for supply/demand and price dynamics to 2023. Although the degree of uncertainty surrounding the actual size of Russian supply disruptions remains high, March 2022 data show a very small m/m disruption of less than 1% […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/implication-of-the-proposed-eu-ban-of-russian-oil-for-global-oil-markets/"〉Implication of the proposed EU ban of Russian oil for global oil markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast, we continue our weekly updates of the impact of the war between Russia and Ukraine on energy markets. This week James Henderson, Jack Sharples and Mike Fulwood discuss the recent cancelation of the Russian gas export contracts with Poland and Bulgaria and the implications for the European gas market. They […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-5/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 5〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Podcast-147-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-5.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Podcast-147-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-5.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉This new OIES presentation raises some key questions: How are oil markets coping with the shock so far? What types of trade patterns and trading practices are emerging? Will these shifts be permanent? Russian invasion has raised the ambition for an accelerated energy transition away from hydrocarbons (at least in Europe). Does the Russian invasion […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/russias-invasion-of-ukraine-new-oil-order/"〉Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: New Oil Order?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉As infrastructures that connect the energy source with the energy use, energy networks constitute a crucial element of national and global energy systems. They also play a key role in helping with balancing supply and demand, thus ensuring that energy is not only available in the right places but also at the right time. Energy […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/energy-networks-in-the-energy-transition-era/"〉Energy Networks in the Energy Transition Era〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉On 21 April 2022, the European Commission published its guidance for EU Member States and their gas buyers on the Russian Presidential decree, which requested payment for Russian (pipeline) gas, delivered after 1 April 2022, in rubles. The decree and its implications for gas supply contracts have been analysed in a previous OIES publication. This comment […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-ec-guidance-on-the-russian-gas-for-rubles-decree-all-things-to-all-people/"〉The EC guidance on the Russian ‘gas for rubles’ decree: all things to all people?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES Podcast, David Ledesma is joined by Mike Fulwood and Jack Sharples to discuss the latest trends on the European gas market. We begin with the latest pricing developments, with day-ahead prices in NW Europe declining slightly, while remaining above 90 EUR/MWh. On the supply side, it was noted that in the […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-6/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 6〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PODCAST-148-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-6-.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PODCAST-148-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-6-.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The completion of the Article 6 rulebook of the Paris Agreement is a necessary step towards building a robust framework in which participants can use collaborative approaches and a market-based mechanism to promote climate and sustainable development goals. There is widespread expectation that the Article 6 rulebook will create the conditions for effective and robust […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/article-6-and-voluntary-carbon-markets/"〉Article 6 and Voluntary Carbon Markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: The Barents Sea, located close to the Arctic Ocean, is a petroleum province featuring an extensive occurrence of gas hydrates and shallow gas in compacted sediments. Glacial erosion and uplift have contributed to the migration of gas originating from deeper rocks to the shallow sediments of this region, resulting in hydrates with higher-order hydrocarbons in addition to methane. This article documents reported gas hydrate indications and major controls on hydrate stability in the Barents Sea.

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast David Ledesma talks to Gulmira Rzayeva, Senior Visiting Research Fellow about Turkey’s unprecedented demand surge in 2021. Despite well developed natural gas import capacity and diverse supply sources, security of supply became a major issue for the country during the summer of 2021 and the winter of 2021/2022. At the same time, […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-turkeys-gas-supply-demand-balance-and-renewal-of-its-long-term-contracts/"〉OIES Podcast – Turkey’s gas supply-demand balance and renewal of its long-term contracts〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Podcast-149-Turkeys-gas-supply-demand-balance-and-renewal-of-its-long-term-contracts.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Podcast-149-Turkeys-gas-supply-demand-balance-and-renewal-of-its-long-term-contracts.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The new issue of OIES Oil Monthly, including our latest short-term oil market outlook to 2023, is now available. – The disruption in Russian supplies intensified in April with an estimated loss of 1 mb/d of production m/m. We now expect Russian oil production shut ins to average between 1.6 mb/d and 3 mb/d in […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oil-monthly-issue-14/"〉Oil Monthly – Issue 14〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, global energy markets have tightened with prices of oil and gas surging. At the same time, Chinese oil and gas demand has been relatively weak, raising questions about the impact of high prices on China’s appetite for imported oil and gas. This comment argues that China’s weakening economy, due […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/chinas-diminished-appetite-for-imported-oil-and-gas-is-the-price-not-right/"〉China’s diminished appetite for imported oil and gas: is the price not right?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: Since global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) for determining the absolute geolocation do not reach into the ocean, underwater robots typically obtain a GNSS position at the water surface and then use a combination of different sensors for estimating their pose while diving, including inertial navigation, acoustic doppler velocity logs, ultra short baseline localization systems and pressure sensors. When re-navigating to the same seafloor location after several days, months or years, e.g. for coastal monitoring, the absolute uncertainty of such systems can be in the range of meters for shallow water, and tens of meters for deeper waters in practice. To enable absolute relocalization in marine data science applications that require absolute seafloor positions in the range of centimeter precision, in this contribution we suggest to equip the monitoring area with visual markers that can be detected reliably even in case they are partially overgrown or partially buried by sediment, which can happen quickly in coastal waters. Inspired by patterns successful in camera calibration, we create robust markers that exhibit features at different scales, in order to allow detection, identification and pose estimation from different cameras and various altitudes as visibility (and therefore the maximum possible survey altitude) in coastal waters can vary significantly across seasons, tides and weather. The low frequency content of the marker resembles a human-readable digit, in order to allow easy identification by scientists. We present early results including promising initial tests in coastal waters.

Description: 〈p〉The cement industry is responsible for seven per cent of global industrial greenhouse gas emissions. Despite all the environmental techniques adopted by the industry, clinker production is, and will be, associated with significant amounts of CO2 emissions due to the calcination process. In contrast to other energy-intensive industries, emissions caused by fuel consumption do not […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-role-of-ccus-in-decarbonizing-the-cement-industry-a-german-case-study/"〉The role of CCUS in decarbonizing the cement industry: A German case study〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast – the seventh in our series on the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the European gas market – we continue our analysis of ongoing developments in European gas supply, namely pipeline and LNG imports. With LNG imports at record levels in recent months, and non-Russian pipeline imports […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-7/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 7〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PODCAST-151-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-7.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PODCAST-151-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-7.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Energy networks are infrastructures that transfer energy from the production source to the consumers’ premises. They constitute various forms of technologies ranging from established networks, such as electricity and natural gas, to emerging grids, such as hydrogen, heating, and cooling. The net-zero carbon target will result in a significant change in energy systems with important […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-energy-networks-in-the-energy-transition-era/"〉OIES Podcast – Energy Networks in the Energy Transition Era〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Podcast-150-Energy-Networks-in-the-Energy-Transition-Era.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Podcast-150-Energy-Networks-in-the-Energy-Transition-Era.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Since our previous edition of the Quarterly Gas Review, the Russian build-up of troops around Ukraine’s border has erupted into a full-scale invasion. European gas prices, which were already high, surged. In response to the invasion, the European Commission and various European governments announced their intention to reduce dependency on Russian gas imports. In response, […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/quarterly-gas-review-short-and-medium-term-outlook-for-gas-markets/"〉Quarterly Gas Review: Short- and Medium-Term Outlook for Gas Markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast James Henderson and Mike Fulwood discuss the latest consequences of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on energy markets. They consider the impact of the latest cut-offs of supply to Finland, Denmark and the Netherlands and discuss recent price movements in Europe and the UK, as well as the growing differential between […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-8/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 8〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-8.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-8.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: While offshore groundwater has been utilized by coastal communities as far back as 1000 BC, only in the past 10 years has the global volume of fresh-to-brackish water hosted in offshore aquifers been truly appreciated. There are vast quantities (~300–500 × 103 km3) of offshore freshened groundwater sequestered in continental shelf sediments under water depths of less than 60 m within 110 km of the coastline. New marine geophysical methods now make it possible to map and quantify low salinity offshore groundwater bodies. To date, these offshore resources have not been developed. Offshore freshened groundwater could be produced if wells are located close to the shoreline and coastal desalination plants.

Description: 〈p〉In this webinar co-authors Rahmat Poudineh, Christine Brandstätt and Farhad Billimoria discuss the key insights from their recent book, “Electricity distribution networks in the decentralisation era: re-thinking economics and regulation”. They are joined by two eminent discussants: Professor Pierluigi Mancarella, University of Melbourne, and Professor Michael Pollitt, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. The book […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/electricity-distribution-networks-in-the-decentralisation-era-re-thinking-economics-and-regulation/"〉Electricity distribution networks in the decentralisation era: re-thinking economics and regulation〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉This article examines the demand response to the high gas prices in the European gas market, reviewing the main factors in 2021 and in the first four months of 2022. It concludes that, in 2021, high gas prices appear to have had a limited impact on demand, while other factors played a more important role […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/demand-response-to-high-gas-prices-in-europe-in-2021-and-early-2022/"〉Demand response to high gas prices in Europe in 2021 and early 2022〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Europe is not just in a race to meet its medium- and long-term climate targets and to enable the energy transition. For geopolitical and energy security reasons, it is now also in a race to end its dependence on imports of Russian oil, refined products and gas imports as quickly as possible. As a result […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/european-union-offshore-wind-strategy/"〉European Union Offshore Wind Strategy〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast James Henderson talks to Mohua Mukherjee, Senior Research Fellow at the OIES talk about the electric mobility market in India, with a particular focus on the “budget” end. The podcast highlights the difference between large energy transition assets such as solar parks, wind farms and geothermal projects on the one hand, and […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-indias-mass-market-clean-mobility-initiatives-and-its-unique-customized-business-models-for-light-electric-vehicles/"〉OIES Podcast – India’s Mass-Market Clean Mobility Initiatives and its Unique, Customized Business Models for Light Electric Vehicles〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Podcast-152-Indias-Mass-Market-Clean-Mobility-Initiatives-and-its-Unique-Cust.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Podcast-152-Indias-Mass-Market-Clean-Mobility-Initiatives-and-its-Unique-Cust.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉This new OIES presentation assesses the implications of the tightening sanctions on Russian oil for crude and product markets, as well as the short-term oil market outlook in terms of supply/demand and price dynamics. Some key points: The immediate restrictions on Russian crude and products flows remain driven by self- sanctioning. But the EU’s recently […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/russias-invasion-of-ukraine-and-oil-market-dynamics/"〉Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and oil market dynamics〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉The new issue of OIES Oil Monthly, including our latest short-term oil market outlook to 2023, is now available. – EU’s recently agreed embargo on Russian oil has led us to revise upwards our reference case of the expected disruptions in Russian oil production by year-end to 2.6 mb/d from 1.6 mb/d previously. Our reference […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-oil-monthly-issue-15/"〉OIES Oil Monthly – Issue 15〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Africa to date has primarily been a natural gas exporting continent. It has been a source of natural gas supplies to the rest of the world for almost sixty years. But African LNG exporting sources are limited to a few subregions of Africa. Most African countries are far from being endowed with large proven natural […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/africas-lng-import-prospects-in-an-era-of-high-volatility-and-uncertainties/"〉Africa’s LNG import prospects in an era of high volatility and uncertainties〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast on the impact of the Russia Ukraine War on Energy Markets James Henderson talks to Mike Fulwood and Jack Sharples about their views on the gas market and also discusses the European demand response in more detail with Anouk Honore. Jack provides an update on European storage injections and how […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-9/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 9〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Podcast-155-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-9.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Podcast-155-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-9.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast James Henderson talks to Robin Baker and Philippe Benoit about their upcoming paper “How Project Finance Can Advance the Clean Energy Transition in Developing Countries.” The authors discuss how the huge investment needed in developing countries to meet climate change targets is becoming a critical issue, and that although significant […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-green-energy-finance-in-the-developing-world/"〉OIES Podcast – Green energy finance in the developing world〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/PODCAST-154-Green-energy-finance-in-the-developing-world.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/PODCAST-154-Green-energy-finance-in-the-developing-world.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast James Henderson talks to Martin Lambert and Ali Abdelshafy about their recent paper entitled “The Role of CCUS in Decarbonising the Cement Industry: a German case study.” The authors discuss why CCUS is so important in the cement industry, and having outlined the general process of carbon capture and storage […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-the-role-of-ccus-in-decarbonising-the-cement-industry/"〉OIES Podcast – The Role of CCUS in Decarbonising the Cement Industry〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/PODCAST-156-The-Role-of-CCUS-in-Decarbonising-the-Cement-Industry.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/PODCAST-156-The-Role-of-CCUS-in-Decarbonising-the-Cement-Industry.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast James Henderson discusses the latest developments in Russian gas flows to Europe with Mike Fulwood and Jack Sharples following some dramatic rises in the European gas price catalysed by a reduction in volumes arriving through Nord Stream 1. The team review the key reasons for the reduction in activity on […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-10/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 10〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Podcast-157-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-10.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Podcast-157-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-10.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉To date, China has built 169 national high-tech industrial development zones (HTIDZs) across the country aimed at adjusting its industrial structure and enhancing innovation. These national HTIDZs share comparable preferential policies set by the national government but are established in regions with vastly different local socio-economic contexts. Therefore, the ability of these zones to drive […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/do-chinas-industrial-clusters-increase-energy-efficiency/"〉Do China’s Industrial Clusters Increase Energy Efficiency?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Climate science confirms the imperative to maintain global temperatures under 2°C and undertake efforts to limit the rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels in order to avert extreme climate hazards. This requires that global annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are halved by 2030 and reduced to net zero by 2050. Against this background, policymakers have […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/new-oxford-energy-forum-the-evolution-of-carbon-markets-and-their-role-in-climate-mitigation-and-sustainable-development-issue-132/"〉New Oxford Energy Forum – The Evolution of Carbon Markets and their Role in Climate Mitigation and Sustainable Development – Issue 132〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast, David Ledesma talks to Michal Meidan, Director of the Gas and China Research Programmes at the OIES, and Byford Tsang who is Senior Policy Advisor at E3G’s Climate Diplomacy team about China’s climate policies and the extent to which China’s 2021 energy crisis and the market turmoil following the Russian invasion of […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-will-chinas-power-crunch-shift-its-climate-policy/"〉OIES Podcast – Will China’s Power Crunch Shift its Climate Policy?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Podcast-158-Will-Chinas-Power-Crunch-Shift-its-climate-policy.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Podcast-158-Will-Chinas-Power-Crunch-Shift-its-climate-policy.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The present German energy policy is focussed on further increase of renewable capacity and power consumption to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2045 while maintaining security of energy supply.  The planned pace of the rollout of renewables looks ambitious but feasible and could result in phasing out substantial volumes of unabated coal-fired power production […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/achieving-net-zero-plus-reliable-energy-supply-in-germany-by-2045-the-essential-role-of-co2-sequestration/"〉Achieving net zero plus reliable energy supply in Germany by 2045: the essential role of CO2 sequestration〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Like any other storage asset, the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) represents an option on time. It allows inventories to be shifted forward, providing short-term relief to the market when the demand for a commodity exceeds its supply. The inventory replenishment at a later time implies carrying a short position in the forward market. In the […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-spr-strategies-risk-free-return-or-return-free-risk/"〉The Strategic Petroleum Reserve Strategies: Risk-Free Return or Return-Free Risk?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this extended podcast, David Ledesma discusses with James Henderson the key themes and messages from the inaugural Energy Transition days that were held in Oxford, and livestreamed, on 21-22 June 2022. The overall theme was the dichotomy between the environmental goals which must be met in the long-term if climate and temperature targets are to […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-key-themes-and-messages-from-the-inaugural-oies-energy-transition-event/"〉OIES Podcast – Key themes and messages from the inaugural OIES Energy Transition event〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/PODCAST-159-Key-themes-and-messages-from-the-inaugural-OIES-Energy-Transition-event-.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/PODCAST-159-Key-themes-and-messages-from-the-inaugural-OIES-Energy-Transition-event-.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The May 18 documents from the EU (REPowerEU) suggested that Russia pipe imports to the EU could fall by 70 bcm this year. With Nordstream flows being at 40 percent of capacity ostensibly due to compressor issues, a 70 bcm reduction looks to be a possible outcome if flows don’t recover after the annual Nordstream […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/repowereu-and-the-short-term-outlook-for-the-european-gas-market/"〉REPowerEU and the Short-Term Outlook for the European Gas Market〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: Underwater images are challenging for correspondence search algorithms, which are traditionally designed based on images captured in air and under uniform illumination. In water however, medium interactions have a much higher impact on the light propagation. Absorption and scattering cause wavelength- and distance-dependent color distortion, blurring and contrast reductions. For deeper or turbid waters, artificial illumination is required that usually moves rigidly with the camera and thus increases the appearance differences of the same seafloor spot in different images. Correspondence search, e.g. using image features, is however a core task in underwater visual navigation employed in seafloor surveys and is also required for 3D reconstruction, image retrieval and object detection. For underwater images, it has to be robust against the challenging imaging conditions to avoid decreased accuracy or even failure of computer vision algorithms. However, explicitly taking underwater nuisances into account during the feature extraction and matching process is challenging. On the other hand, learned feature extraction models achieved high performance in many in-air problems in recent years. Hence we investigate, how such a learned robust feature model, D2Net, can be applied to the underwater environment and particularly look into the issue of cross domain transfer learning as a strategy to deal with the lack of annotated underwater training data.

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast James Henderson talks with Mike Fulwood and Jack Sharples about the current state of gas markets in the light of the Russia-Ukraine War. They discuss the recent research paper published by OIES entitled REPower EU and the Short-Term Outlook for the European Gas Market, which explores the impact of gas […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-11/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 11〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/PODCAST-161-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-11.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/PODCAST-161-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-11.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The new issue of OIES Oil Monthly, including our latest short-term oil market outlook to 2023, is now available. – The recovery in Russian output and refining activity in May/June has led us to revise down the size of the expected disruptions in Russian oil production by year-end to 1.8 mb/d from 2.6 mb/d previously […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-oil-monthly-issue-16/"〉OIES Oil Monthly – Issue 16〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast, Malcolm Keay and David Robinson, Senior Research Fellows of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, discuss with David Ledesma two issues central to the energy transition: the need for fundamental structural reform of electricity markets and new approaches to energy networks. They explain how the penetration of intermittent renewables has changed the […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-key-themes-and-messages-from-the-oies-electricity-energy-transition-event/"〉OIES Podcast – Key themes and messages from the OIES Electricity Energy Transition event〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Podcast-160-Key-themes-and-messages-that-came-from-the-OIES-Electricity-Ener.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Podcast-160-Key-themes-and-messages-that-came-from-the-OIES-Electricity-Ener.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The consequences of the on-going war in Ukraine continue to be a key topic of interest and concern for politicians, international organizations, journalists, and researchers. Following the decision of the European Union (EU) to significantly reduce its reliance on Russian gas supplies as formulated in its REPowerEU plan, non-Russian sources of gas imports have quickly […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/african-gas-supplies-to-europe-between-hopes-and-hard-realities/"〉African gas supplies to Europe: between hopes and hard realities〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉A sharp decline in gas flows on Nord Stream to Europe began on June 14, following the news that a gas turbine was “stuck” in Canada for maintenance as a result of western sanctions on Russia, and because further compressors at the Portovaya compressor station were also taken offline. There has been much commentary that […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-curious-incident-of-the-nord-stream-gas-turbine/"〉The Curious Incident of the Nord Stream Gas Turbine〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest edition of the OIES podcast series James Henderson discusses the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on oil markets with Bassam Fattouh, the Director of OIES. The podcast opens with a general discussion about the current state of the oil market, addressing both demand and supply issues and assessing the impact of high […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-12/"〉OIES Podcast – OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 12〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/OIES-Podcast-–-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-12.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/OIES-Podcast-–-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-12.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉On 8 March 2022, the European Commission published its communication “Joint European Action for more affordable, secure and sustainable energy”, referred to as “REPowerEU”.  The communication was in immediate reaction to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, and had the objective to “make Europe independent from Russian fossil fuels well before 2030”.  On […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/repowereu-can-renewable-gas-help-reduce-russian-gas-imports-by-2030/"〉RePowerEU: Can Renewable Gas help reduce Russian gas imports by 2030?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Following a number of requests, this latest OIES podcast covers the topic of the Indian oil market and more specifically the purchase by Indian refiners of discounted Russian crude following the decision of many western companies and countries to avoid Russia’s oil exports. James Henderson interviews Mohua Mukherjee about her thoughts on the current situation […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-the-indian-oil-market-and-purchases-of-cheap-russian-crude/"〉OIES Podcast – The Indian oil market and purchases of cheap Russian crude〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/PODCAST-164-the-Indian-oil-market-and-purchases-of-cheap-Russian-crude.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/PODCAST-164-the-Indian-oil-market-and-purchases-of-cheap-Russian-crude.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The introduction of the WTI Midland crude oil into the ‘Brent’ benchmark has caused a fair amount of controversy, debate, and argument, but the industry seems to be gradually reaching a consensus regarding the broad format of the new benchmark: Brent assessment will remain as if it was a ‘Free on Board’ (FOB) basis, despite […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-brent-benchmark-where-do-we-stand/"〉The Brent Benchmark – Where Do We Stand?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast James Henderson interviews Jack Sharples, Mike Fulwood and Katja Yafimava about their latest OIES Energy Comment “The curious incident of the Nord Stream gas turbine” in which they discuss the recent reductions in gas flows via the Nord Stream 1 pipeline. The podcast reviews the history of Nord Stream 1 […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-13-issues-with-gas-flows-via-nord-stream/"〉OIES Podcast – Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 13 – Issues with gas flows via Nord Stream〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Podcast-163-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-13.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Podcast-163-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-13.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The original TEN-E Regulation, adopted in 2013, established the regulatory framework for the development of cross-border energy infrastructure within the EU. Following the publication of the EU Green Deal in 2019, the EC proposed to revise the Regulation to facilitate the access of renewable and low carbon gases to the energy system by enabling hydrogen […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-ten-e-regulation-allowing-a-role-for-decarbonised-gas/"〉The TEN-E Regulation: allowing a role for decarbonised gas〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉The second quarter of 2022 has been a dramatic one for the European gas market. On the supply side, relatively modest increases in European production and pipeline imports from Norway and Azerbaijan have been overshadowed by two significant shifts: the decline in pipeline flows from Russia and the high level of LNG, both of which […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/quarterly-gas-review-issue-18/"〉Quarterly Gas Review – Issue 18〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Volatility has been the name of the game in oil markets where we have recently seen some very sharp movements in oil prices and spreads. This reflects the high degree of uncertainty surrounding the oil market both on the supply and the demand side, but also lower liquidity which is amplifying some of these price […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oil-market-volatility-assessing-the-bullish-and-bearish-narratives/"〉Oil market volatility: Assessing the bullish and bearish narratives〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast David Ledesma discusses African LNG Import potential with Mostefa Ouki, Senior Research Fellow at the OIES. Africa has been a source of natural gas supplies to the rest of the world for almost sixty years. But African LNG exporting sources are limited to a few sub-regions of Africa. Most African countries are […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-african-lng-imports-and-disrupted-energy-markets/"〉OIES Podcast – African LNG imports and disrupted energy markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/PODCAST-165-African-LNG-imports-and-disrupted-energy-markets.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/PODCAST-165-African-LNG-imports-and-disrupted-energy-markets.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The flow of Russian pipeline gas to Europe has declined dramatically in the past three months. In particular, the curtailment of flows via Nord Stream have had an impact not just on Germany, where the pipeline makes landfall, but also on Gazprom’s counterparties in Czechia, Slovakia, Austria, and Italy – the latter three in particular […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/falling-like-dominoes-the-impact-of-nord-stream-on-russian-gas-flows-in-europe/"〉Falling Like Dominoes: The Impact of Nord Stream on Russian Gas flows in Europe〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest in the OIES podcast series James Henderson speaks to Michal Meidan and Jack Sharples about their contributions to the latest OIES Gas Quarterly, published on  3 August 2022. They start by discussing the latest price trends in the gas market and the impact on the potential for development of new LNG projects […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-series-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-14/"〉OIES Podcast: Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 14〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Podcast166-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-14.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Podcast166-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-14.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: Fish food is an inevitable item in human consumption with healthy sourceof good quality proteins and fat. Aqua industry can help to improve food security,livelihoods for the poorest and to meet the world’s food demands. But producingmore seafood that is at affordable cost with rich nutrition is challenging for aquaindustry. Many factors affect the productivity of aqua industry; one such an impor-tant constraint is bacterial diseases. Hence, Aqua industry, a booming businesssector, immensely requires continued research with scientific and technical devel-opments, and innovations. Study of bacterialfish disease is one such thrust areawhich requires intense research to understand the causes and control bacterialdiseases infish. The appearance and development of afish disease is the result ofthe interaction among pathogen, host and environment. An insight into bacterialfishdiseases, clinical symptoms and treatment may help to manage the bacterial diseasesand so can make aqua industry a more profitablefield. This chapter deals withdifferent aspects of the most threatening bacterial diseases, occurring in farmedfishes and also in wildfishes, which are results infish loss and economic lossworldwide. A wide range of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria causingbacterial diseases, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, vaccines and the natureof water habitat are also discussed in this chapter.

Description: 〈p〉Russia’s invasion of Ukraine continues to strongly impact international energy markets, posing severe challenges for energy importing countries. Much of the commentary and analysis has been focused on the consequences for, and reactions of, European nations and the European Union. Despite the fact that each region has its own specific dynamics, the global nature of […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/asian-energy-markets-following-the-russian-invasion-of-ukraine/"〉Asian Energy Markets Following the Russian Invasion of Ukraine〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest podcast from OIES James Henderson talks to Jack Sharples about his latest Energy Insight entitled “Falling like Dominoes: The impact of Nord Stream on Russian gas flows to Europe.” They discuss the fact that the decline in Nord Stream capacity in June and July should be seen in the context of a […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-series-impact-of-russia-ukraine-war-on-energy-markets-series-15-the-importance-of-flows-via-nord-stream/"〉OIES Podcast Series: Impact of Russia-Ukraine War on Energy Markets Series – 15 – The importance of flows via Nord Stream〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/PODCAST-168-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-15.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/PODCAST-168-Impact-of-Russia-Ukraine-War-on-Energy-Markets-Series-–-15.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The European energy price crisis that began with rising gas and electricity prices in 2021 turned into a security of fossil-fuel supply crisis following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The combined price and security crises add urgency to the climate crisis that has to date been the primary motivator for the energy transition. The European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/current-energy-crises-the-energy-transition-and-the-design-of-electricity-markets/"〉Current Energy Crises, the Energy Transition and the Design of Electricity Markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this latest podcast, David Ledesma speaks to Michal Meidan and Yan Qin about China’s carbon neutrality goals in the context of the current turmoil in energy markets and rising concerns about energy security. Much of the commentary and analysis following the Russian invasion of Ukraine has been focused on the consequences for, and reactions of, […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-china-energy-policies-and-carbon-neutrality-post-russias-invasion-of-ukraine/"〉OIES Podcast – China Energy Policies and Carbon Neutrality Post Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Podcast-167-China-Energy-Policies-and-Carbon-Neutrality-post-Russias-invasion-of-Ukraine.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Podcast-167-China-Energy-Policies-and-Carbon-Neutrality-post-Russias-invasion-of-Ukraine.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The introduction of the WTI Midland crude oil into the ‘Brent’ benchmark has caused a fair amount of controversy, debate, and argument. In this podcast David Ledesma discussed this subject with Adi Imsirovic and Kurt Chapman addressing how the industry seems to be gradually reaching a consensus regarding the broad format of the new benchmark: […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-the-brent-benchmark-where-do-we-stand/"〉OIES Podcast – The Brent Benchmark – Where Do We Stand?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Podcast-169-The-Brent-Benchmark-–-Where-Do-We-Stand.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Podcast-169-The-Brent-Benchmark-–-Where-Do-We-Stand.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: The Digital Earth project aimed for the integration of data science and Earth science. Here, we reflect on the main lessons learned that include the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, thinking out of the box, the concept of ‘thinking in workflows’ and models for the sustainable implementation of scientific software, data infrastructure and policies.