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  • Springer Nature  (21,503)
  • PANGAEA
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 2020-2023  (38)
  • 1970-1974  (22,168)
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  • 1
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    Deep water inflow slowed offshore expansion of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet at the Eocene-Oligocene transition (2022)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 3(1)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: The stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is threatened by the incursion of warm Circumpolar Deepwater which flows southwards via cross-shelf troughs towards the coast there melting ice shelves. However, the onset of this oceanic forcing on the development and evolution of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet remains poorly understood. Here, we use single- and multichannel seismic reflection profiles to investigate the architecture of a sediment body on the shelf of the Amundsen Sea Embayment. We estimate the formation age of this sediment body to be around the Eocene-Oligocene Transition and find that it possesses the geometry and depositional pattern of a plastered sediment drift. We suggest this indicates a southward inflow of deep water which probably supplied heat and, thus, prevented West Antarctic Ice Sheet advance beyond the coast at this time. We conclude that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has likely experienced a strong oceanic influence on its dynamics since its initial formation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Catching the Main Ethiopian Rift evolving towards plate divergence (2022)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-11
    Description: Magmatism accompanies rifting along divergent plate boundaries, although its role before continental breakup remains poorly understood. For example, the magma-assisted Northern Main Ethiopian Rift (NMER) lacks current volcanism and clear tectono-magmatic relationships with its contiguous rift portions. Here we define its magmatic behaviour, identifying the most recent eruptive fissures (EF) whose aphyric basalts have a higher Ti content than those of older monogenetic scoria cones (MSC), which are porphyritic and plagioclase-dominated. Despite these differences, calculations highlight a similar parental melt for EF and MSC products, suggesting only a different evolutionary history after melt generation. While MSC magmas underwent a further step of storage at intermediate crustal levels, EF magmas rose directly from the base of the crust without contamination, even below older polygenetic volcanoes, suggesting rapid propagation of transcrustal dikes across solidified magma chambers. Whether this recent condition in the NMER is stable or transient, it indicates a transition from central polygenetic to linear fissure volcanism, indicative of increased tensile conditions and volcanism directly fed from the base of the crust, suggesting transition towards mature rifting.
    Description: Published
    Description: 21821
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Environmental stability and phenotypic plasticity benefit the cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus in an acidified fjord (2022)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Biology, Springer Nature, 5(683)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-13
    Description: The stratified Chilean Comau Fjord sustains a dense population of the cold-water coral (CWC) Desmophyllum dianthus in aragonite supersaturated shallow and aragonite under- saturated deep water. This provides a rare opportunity to evaluate CWC fitness trade-offs in response to physico-chemical drivers and their variability. Here, we combined year-long reciprocal transplantation experiments along natural oceanographic gradients with an in situ assessment of CWC fitness. Following transplantation, corals acclimated fast to the novel environment with no discernible difference between native and novel (i.e. cross-transplanted) corals, demonstrating high phenotypic plasticity. Surprisingly, corals exposed to lowest ara- gonite saturation (Ωarag 〈 1) and temperature (T 〈 12.0 °C), but stable environmental condi- tions, at the deep station grew fastest and expressed the fittest phenotype. We found an inverse relationship between CWC fitness and environmental variability and propose to consider the high frequency fluctuations of abiotic and biotic factors to better predict the future of CWCs in a changing ocean.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Mid-Pliocene El Niño/Southern Oscillation suppressed by Pacific intertropical convergence zone shift (2022)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Springer Nature, ISSN: 1752-0908
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-16
    Description: The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the dominant driver of year-to-year climate variability in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, impacts climate pattern across the globe. However, the response of the ENSO system to past and potential future temperature increases is not fully understood. Here we investigate ENSO variability in the warmer climate of the mid-Pliocene (~3.0–3.3 Ma), when surface temperatures were ~2–3 °C above modern values, in a large ensemble of climate models—the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project. We show that the ensemble consistently suggests a weakening of ENSO variability, with a mean reduction of 25% (±16%). We further show that shifts in the equatorial Pacific mean state cannot fully explain these changes. Instead, ENSO was suppressed by a series of off-equatorial processes triggered by a northward displacement of the Pacific intertropical convergence zone: weakened convective feedback and intensified Southern Hemisphere circulation, which inhibit various processes that initiate ENSO. The connection between the climatological intertropical convergence zone position and ENSO we find in the past is expected to operate in our warming world with important ramifications for ENSO variability.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    PANGAEA Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science - INTERACT Workshop 2022 (2022)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3INTERACT Webinar on Data Repositories, Online, 2022-05-12Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-04
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 6
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    Sea ice surface temperatures from helicopter-borne thermal infrared imaging during the MOSAiC expedition (2022)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Data, Springer Nature, 9(1), ISSN: 2052-4463
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-27
    Description: The sea ice surface temperature is important to understand the Arctic winter heat budget. We conducted 35 helicopter flights with an infrared camera in winter 2019/2020 during the Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. The flights were performed from a local, 5 to 10 km scale up to a regional, 20 to 40 km scale. The infrared camera recorded thermal infrared brightness temperatures, which we converted to surface temperatures. More than 150000 images from all flights can be investigated individually. As an advanced data product, we created surface temperature maps for every flight with a 1 m resolution. We corrected image gradients, applied an ice drift correction, georeferenced all pixels, and corrected the surface temperature by its natural temporal drift, which results in time-fixed surface temperature maps for a consistent analysis of one flight. The temporal and spatial variability of sea ice characteristics is an important contribution to an increased understanding of the Arctic heat budget and, in particular, for the validation of satellite products.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Diversity and origins of bacterial and archaeal viruses on sinking particles reaching the abyssal ocean (2022)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-14
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Luo, E., Leu, A. O., Eppley, J. M., Karl, D. M., & DeLong, E. F. Diversity and origins of bacterial and archaeal viruses on sinking particles reaching the abyssal ocean. ISME Journal, 16, : 1627–1635, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-022-01202-1.
    Description: Sinking particles and particle-associated microbes influence global biogeochemistry through particulate matter export from the surface to the deep ocean. Despite ongoing studies of particle-associated microbes, viruses in these habitats remain largely unexplored. Whether, where, and which viruses might contribute to particle production and export remain open to investigation. In this study, we analyzed 857 virus population genomes associated with sinking particles collected over three years in sediment traps moored at 4000 m in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Particle-associated viruses here were linked to cellular hosts through matches to bacterial and archaeal metagenome-assembled genome (MAG)-encoded prophages or CRISPR spacers, identifying novel viruses infecting presumptive deep-sea bacteria such as Colwellia, Moritella, and Shewanella. We also identified lytic viruses whose abundances correlated with particulate carbon flux and/or were exported from the photic to abyssal ocean, including cyanophages. Our data are consistent with some of the predicted outcomes of the viral shuttle hypothesis, and further suggest that viral lysis of both autotrophic and heterotrophic prokaryotes may play a role in carbon export. Our analyses revealed the diversity and origins of prevalent viruses found on deep-sea sinking particles and identified prospective viral groups for future investigation into processes that govern particle export in the open ocean.
    Description: This project is funded by grants from the Simons Foundation (#329108 to EFD and DMK, #721223 to EFD, and #721252 to DMK) and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF3777 to EFD and GBMF3794 to DMK). Partial support for EL was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (PGSD3-487490-2016).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 8
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    Intracellular nitrate storage by diatoms can be an important nitrogen pool in freshwater and marine ecosystems (2022)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 3(1), ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Identifying and quantifying nitrogen pools is essential for understanding the nitrogen cycle in aquatic ecosystems. The ubiquitous diatoms represent an overlooked nitrate pool as they can accumulate nitrate intracellularly and utilize it for nitrogen assimilation, dissipation of excess photosynthetic energy, and Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium (DNRA). Here, we document the global co-occurrence of diatoms and intracellular nitrate in phototrophic microbial communities in freshwater (n = 69), coastal (n = 44), and open marine (n = 4) habitats. Diatom abundance and total intracellular nitrate contents in water columns, sediments, microbial mats, and epilithic biofilms were highly significantly correlated. In contrast, diatom community composition had only a marginal influence on total intracellular nitrate contents. Nitrate concentrations inside diatom cells exceeded ambient nitrate concentrations ∼100–4000-fold. The collective intracellular nitrate pool of the diatom community accounted for 〈1% of total nitrate in pelagic habitats and 65–95% in benthic habitats. Accordingly, nitrate-storing diatoms are emerging as significant contributors to benthic nitrogen cycling, in particular through Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium activity under anoxic conditions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Energy threshold changes in volcanic activity at Mt. Etna (Italy) inferred from volcanic tremor (2022)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-28
    Description: From the 2010s on, pattern classification has proven an effective method for flagging alerts of volcano unrest before eruptive activity at Mt. Etna, Italy. The analysis has been applied online to volcanic tremor data, and has supported the surveillance activity of the volcano that provides timely information to Civil Protection and other authorities. However, after declaring an alert, no one knows how long the volcano unrest will last and if a climactic eruptive activity will actually begin. These are critical aspects when considering the effects of a prolonged state of alert. An example of longstanding unrest is related to the Christmas Eve eruption in 2018, which was heralded by several months of almost continuous Strombolian activity. Here, we discuss the usage of thresholds to detect conditions leading to paroxysmal activity, and the challenges associated with defining such thresholds, leveraging a dataset of 52 episodes of lava fountains occurring in 2021. We were able to identify conservative settings regarding the thresholds, allowing for an early warning of impending paroxysm in almost all cases (circa 85% for the first 4 months in 2021, and over 90% for the whole year). The chosen thresholds also proved useful to predict that a paroxysmal activity was about to end. Such information provides reliable numbers for volcanologists for their assessments, based on visual information, which may not be available in bad weather or cloudy conditions.
    Description: Project IMPACT (A multidisciplinary Insight on the kinematics and dynamics of Magmatic Processes at Mt. Etna Aimed at identifying preCursor phenomena and developing early warning sysTems). IMPACT belongs to the Progetti Dipartimentali INGV [DIP7], https://progetti.ingv.it/index.php/it/progetti-dipartimentali/vulcani/impact#informazioni-sul-progetto.
    Description: Published
    Description: 17895
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Volcanic tremor ; Volcano monitoring ; Pattern recognition ; Self Organizing maps ; Fuzzy clustering ; Mt. Etna ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.01. Computational geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Evidence for late glacial oceanic carbon redistribution and discharge from the Pacific Southern Ocean (2022)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 13, 12 p., ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-14
    Description: Southern Ocean deep-water circulation plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. On geological time-scales, upwelling along the Chilean continental margin likely contributed to the deglacial atmospheric carbon dioxide rise, but little quantitative evidence exists of carbon storage. Here, we use a new X-ray Micro-Computer-Tomography method to assess foraminiferal test dissolution as proxy for paleo-carbonate ion concentrations [CO3^2−]. Our subantarctic Southeast Pacific sediment core depth transect shows significant deep-water [CO3^2−] variations during the Last Glacial Maximum and Deglaciation (10 – 22 ka BP). We provide evidence for an increase in [CO3^2−] during the early deglacial period (15-19 ka BP), followed by a ca. 40 µmol kg^-1 reduction in Lower Circumpolar Deepwater (CDW). This decreased Pacific to Atlantic export of low-carbon CDW contributed to significantly lowered carbon storage within the Southern Ocean, highlighting the importance of a dynamic Pacific–Southern Ocean deep-water reconfiguration for shaping late-glacial oceanic carbon storage, and subsequent deglacial oceanic-atmospheric CO2 transfer.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 11
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    Southern Ocean biogenic blooms freezing-in Oligocene colder climates (2022)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 13(1), pp. 1-10, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-24
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Crossing a key atmospheric CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉 threshold triggered a fundamental global climate reorganisation ~34 million years ago (Ma) establishing permanent Antarctic ice sheets. Curiously, a more dramatic CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉 decline (~800–400 ppm by the Early Oligocene(~27 Ma)), postdates initial ice sheet expansion but the mechanisms driving this later, rapid drop in atmospheric carbon during the early Oligocene remains elusive and controversial. Here we use marine seismic reflection and borehole data to reveal an unprecedented accumulation of early Oligocene strata (up to 2.2 km thick over 1500 × 500 km) with a major biogenic component in the Australian Southern Ocean. High-resolution ocean simulations demonstrate that a tectonically-driven, one-off reorganisation of ocean currents, caused a unique period where current instability coincided with high nutrient input from the Antarctic continent. This unrepeated and short-lived environment favoured extreme bioproductivity and enhanced sediment burial. The size and rapid accumulation of this sediment package potentially holds ~1.067 × 10〈jats:sup〉15〈/jats:sup〉 kg of the ‘missing carbon’ sequestered during the decline from an Eocene high CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉-world to a mid-Oligocene medium CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉-world, highlighting the exceptional role of the Southern Ocean in modulating long-term climate.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 12
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    PISM parameter ensemble analysis of Antarctic Ice Sheet glacial cycle simulations - additional data (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: This dataset contains PISM simulation results of the Antarctic Ice Sheet based on code release v1.0-paleo-ensemble (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3574033). PISM is the open-source Parallel Ice Sheet Model developed mainly at UAF, USA and PIK, Germany. See documentation in https://www.pism.io. These are additional netCDF data from the same ensemble simulations already stored in doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.909728. 1) 1000-year snapshots since 125000 years before present, of ice thickness, bed topography, change in bed topography, floating/grounded mask, surface elevation, basal melt rate and vertically averaged velocity magnitude (SIA+SSA) (16GB) 2) 5000-year snapshots since 125000 years before present, SSA velocity components in x and y direction (8GB)
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 13
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    Exploring Employee Perceptions towards Smart Working during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Comparative Analysis of Two Italian Public Research Organizations (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Of all the socio-economic changes caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the disruption to workforce organizations will probably leave the largest indelible mark. The way work will be organized in the future will be closely linked to the experience of work-ing under the same institution’s response to the pandemic. This paper aims to fill the gap in knowledge about smart working (SW) in public organizations, with a focus on the experience of the employees of two Italian research organizations, CNR and INGV. Analysing primary data, it explored and assessed how SW had been experi-enced following the implementation of governmental measures aimed at limiting the spread of COVID-19
    Description: Published
    Description: 815–833
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Combining audio and visual displays to highlight temporal and spatial seismic patterns (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Data visualization, and to a lesser extent data sonification, are classic tools to the scientific community. However, these two approaches are very rarely combined, although they are highly complementary: our visual system is good at recognizing spatial patterns, whereas our auditory system is better tuned for temporal patterns. In this article, data representation methods are proposed that combine visualization, sonification, and spatial audio techniques, in order to optimize the user’s perception of spatial and temporal patterns in a single display, to increase the feeling of immersion, and to take advantage of multimodal integration mechanisms. Three seismic data sets are used to illustrate the methods, covering different physical phenomena, time scales, spatial distributions, and spatio-temporal dynamics. The methods are adapted to the specificities of each data set, and to the amount of information that the designer wants to display. This leads to further developments, namely the use of audification with two time scales, the switch from pure audification to time-modulated noise, and the switch from pure audification to sonic icons. First user feedback from live demonstrations indicates that the methods presented in this article seem to enhance the perception of spatio-temporal patterns, which is a key parameter to the understanding of seismically active systems, and a step towards apprehending the processes that drive this activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 125–142
    Description: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e "precursori"
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    Short-term clustering modeling of seismicity in Eastern Aegean Sea (Greece): a retrospective forecast test of the 2017 Mw = 6.4 Lesvos, 2017 Mw = 6.6 Kos and 2020 Mw = 7.0 Samos earthquake sequences (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-03
    Description: Short-term earthquake clustering properties in the Eastern Aegean Sea (Greece) area investigated through the application of an epidemic type stochastic model (Epidemic Type Earthquake Sequence; ETES). The computations are performed in an earthquake catalog covering the period 2008 to 2020 and including 2332 events with a completeness threshold of Mc = 3.1 and separated into two subcatalogs. The first subcatalog is employed for the learning period, which is between 2008/01/01 and 2016/12/31 (N = 1197 earthquakes), and used for the model’s parameters estimation. The second subcatalog from 2017/01/01 to 2020/11/10 (1135 earthquakes), in which the sequences of 2017 Mw = 6.4 Lesvos, 2017 Mw = 6.6 Kos and 2020 Mw = 7.0 Samos main shocks are included, and used for a retrospective forecast testing based on the constructed model. The estimated model parameters imply a swarm like behavior, indicating the ability of earthquakes of small to moderate magnitude above Mc to produce their own offsprings, along with the stronger earthquakes. The retrospective evaluation of the model is examined in the three aftershock sequences, where lack of foreshocks resulted in low predictability of the mainshocks, with estimated daily probabilities around 10– 5. Immediately after the mainshocks occurrence the model adjusts with notable resemblance between the expected and observed aftershock rates, particularly for earthquakes with M ≥ 3.5.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1085–1099
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    Simulation of non-stationary stochastic ground motions based on recent Italian earthquakes (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: This work presents an up-to-date model for the simulation of non-stationary ground motions, including several novelties compared to the original study of Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seism Soc Am 86:337–352, 1996). The selection of the input motion in the framework of earthquake engineering has become progressively more important with the growing use of nonlinear dynamic analyses. Regardless of the increasing availability of large strong motion databases, ground motion records are not always available for a given earthquake scenario and site condition, requiring the adoption of simulated time series. Among the different techniques for the generation of ground motion records, we focused on the methods based on stochastic simulations, considering the time- frequency decomposition of the seismic ground motion. We updated the non-stationary stochastic model initially developed in Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seism Soc Am 86:337–352, 1996) and later modified by Pousse et al. (Bull Seism Soc Am 96:2103–2117, 2006) and Laurendeau et al. (Nonstationary stochastic simulation of strong ground-motion time histories: application to the Japanese database. 15 WCEE Lisbon, 2012). The model is based on the S-transform that implicitly considers both the amplitude and frequency modulation. The four model parameters required for the simulation are: Arias intensity, significant duration, central frequency, and frequency bandwidth. They were obtained from an empirical ground motion model calibrated using the accelerometric records included in the updated Italian strong-motion database ITACA. The simulated accelerograms show a good match with the ground motion model prediction of several amplitude and frequency measures, such as Arias intensity, peak acceleration, peak velocity, Fourier spectra, and response spectra.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3287–3315
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 17
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    Insights on the Italian Seismic Network from location uncertainties (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-01
    Description: Probabilistic earthquake locations provide confidence intervals for the hypocentre solutions such as errors encountered in the position, the origin time, and in magnitude. If the relationship of the parameters relative to the local arrangement of the seismic network is considered, such as the node distance, the number of stations, the seismic gap, and the quality of phase readings), the uncertainties can then provide insights on the location capability of the network. In this paper, we collect the earthquake data recorded from the Italian Seismic Network for a time span of 5 years. The data pertain to three different catalogues according to the progressive refinement phases of the location procedure: automatic location, revised location, and published location. By means of spatial analysis,we assess the distribution of the location-related and network-related estimators across the study area. These estimators are subsequently combined to assess the existence of spatial correlations at a local scale. The results indicate that the Italian network is generally able to provide robust locations at the national scale and for smaller earthquakes, and the elongated shape of Italy (and of its network) does not cause systematic bias in the locations. However, we highlight the existence of subregions in which the performance of the network is weaker. At present, a unique 2D, 3-layer velocity model is used for the earthquake location procedure, and this could represent the main limitation for the improvement of the locations. Therefore, the assessment of locally optimized velocity models is the priority for the homogenization and the improvement of the Italian Seismic Network performance.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1061–1076
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 18
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    New trenching results along the İznik segment of the central strand of the North Anatolian Fault (Turkey): an integration with preexisting data (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-06
    Description: This paper provides a new contribution to the construction of the complex and fragmentary mosaic of the Late Holocene earthquakes history of the İznik segment of the central strand of the North Anatolian Fault (CNAF) in Turkey. The CNAF clearly displays lower dextral slip rates with respect to the northern strand however, surface rupturing and large damaging earthquakes (M 〉 7) occurred in the past, leaving clear signatures in the built and natural environments. The association of these historical events to specific earthquake sources (e.g., Gemlik, İznik, or Geyve fault segments) is still a matter of debate. We excavated two trenches across the İznik fault trace near Mustafali, a village about 10 km WSW of İznik where the morphological fault scarp was visible although modified by agricultural activities. Radiocarbon and TL dating on samples collected from the trenches show that the displaced deposits are very recent and span the past 2 millennia at most. Evidence for four surface faulting events was found in the Mustafali trenches. The integration of these results with historical data and previous paleoseismological data yields an updated Late Holocene history of surface-rupturing earthquakes along the İznik Fault in 1855, 740 (715), 362, and 121 CE. Evidence for the large M7 + historical earthquake dated 1419 CE generally attributed to this fault, was not found at any trench site along the İznik fault nor in the subaqueous record. This unfit between paleoseismological, stratigraphic, and historical data highlights one more time the urge for extensive paleoseismological trenching and offshore campaigns because of the high potential to solve the uncertainties on the seismogenic history (age, earthquake location, extent of the rupture and size) of this portion of NAFZ and especially on the attribution of historical earthquakes to the causative fault.
    Description: Published
    Description: 115–128
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 19
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    Checking the site categorization criteria and amplification factors of the 2021 draft of Eurocode 8 Part 1–1 (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: In this paper the site categorization criteria and the corresponding site amplification factors proposed in the 2021 draft of Part 1 of Eurocode 8 (2021-draft, CEN/TC250/SC8 Working Draft N1017) are first introduced and compared with the current version of Eurocode 8, as well as with site amplification factors from recent empirical ground motion prediction equations. Afterwards, these values are checked by two approaches. First, a wide dataset of strong motion records is built, where recording stations are classified according to 2021-draft, and the spectral amplifications are empirically estimated computing the site-to-site residuals from regional and global ground motion models for reference rock conditions. Second, a comprehensive parametric numerical study of one-dimensional (1D) site amplification is carried out, based on randomly generated shear-wave velocity profiles, classified according to the new criteria. A reasonably good agreement is found by both approaches. The most relevant discrepancies occur for the shallow soft soil conditions (soil category E) that, owing to the complex interaction of shear wave velocity, soil deposit thickness and frequency range of the excitation, show the largest scatter both in terms of records and of 1D numerical simulations. Furthermore, 1D numerical simulations for soft soil conditions tend to provide lower site amplification factors than 2021-draft, as well as lower than the corresponding site-to-site residuals from records, because of higher impact of non-linear (NL) site effects in the simulations. A site-specific study on NL effects at three KiK-net stations with a significantly large amount of high-intensity recorded ground motions gives support to the 2021-draft NL reduction factors, although the very limited number of recording stations allowing such analysis prevents deriving more general implications. In the presence of such controversial arguments, it is reasonable that a standard should adopt a prudent solution, with a limited reduction of the site amplification factors to account for NL soil response, while leaving the possibility to carry out site-specific estimations of such factors when sufficient information is available to model the ground strain dependency of local soil properties.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4199–4234
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Exceedance of design actions in epicentral areas: insights from the ShakeMap envelopes for the 2016–2017 central Italy sequence (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: ShakeMap is the tool to evaluate the ground motion effect of earthquakes in vast areas. It is useful to delimit the zones where the shaking is expected to have been most significant, for civil defense rapid response. From the earthquake engineering point of view, it can be used to infer the seismic actions on the built environment to calibrate vulnerability models or to define the reconstruction policies based on observed damage vs shaking. In the case of long-lasting seismic sequences, it can be useful to develop ShakeMap envelopes, that is, maps of the largest ground intensity among those from the ShakeMap of (selected) events of a seismic sequence, to delimit areas where the effects of the whole sequence have been of structural engineering relevance. This study introduces ShakeMap envelopes and discusses them for the central Italy 2016–2017 seismic sequence. The specific goals of the study are: (i) to compare the envelopes and the ShakeMap of the main events of the sequence to make the case for sequence-based maps; (ii) to quantify the exceedance of design seismic actions based on the envelopes; (iii) to make envelopes available for further studies and the reconstruction planning; (iv) to gather insights on the (repeated) exceedance of design seismic actions at some sites. Results, which include considerations of uncertainty in ShakeMap, show that the sequence caused exceedance of design hazard in thousands of square kilometers. The most relevant effects of the sequence are, as expected, due to the mainshock, yet seismic actions larger than those enforced by the code for structural design are found also around the epicenters of the smaller magnitude events. At some locations, the succession of ground-shaking that has excited structures, provides insights on structural damage accumulation that has likely taken place; something that is not accounted for explicitly in modern seismic design. The envelopes developed are available as supplemental material.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5391–5414
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Automatic inspection and analysis of digital waveform images by means of convolutional neural networks (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-13
    Description: Analyzing seismic data to get information about earthquakes has always been a major task for seismologists and, more in general, for geophysicists. Recently, thanks to the technological development of observation systems, more and more data are available to perform such tasks. However, this data “grow up” makes “human possibility” of data processing more complex in terms of required efforts and time demanding. That is why new technological approaches such as artificial intelligence are becoming very popular and more and more exploited. In this paper, we explore the possibility of interpreting seismic waveform segments by means of pre-trained deep learning. More specifically, we apply convolutional networks to seismological waveforms recorded at local or regional distances without any pre-elaboration or filtering. We show that such an approach can be very successful in determining if an earthquake is “included” in the seismic wave image and in estimating the distance between the earthquake epicenter and the recording station.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1347–1359
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Midlatitude climatology of the ionospheric equivalent slab thickness over two solar cycles (2021)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2021-10-25
    Description: Themain climatological features of the ionospheric equivalent slab thickness (τ ) for the Northern hemispheremidlatitudes are analyzed. F2-layer peak electron density values recorded at three midlatitude ionospheric stations (Chilton 51.5° N, 0.6° W, U.K.; Roquetes 40.8° N, 0.5° E, Spain;Wallops Island 37.9° N, 75.5°W, USA) and vertical total electron content values from colocated ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System receivers are used to calculate a dataset of τ values for the last two solar cycles, considering only magnetically quiet periods. Results are presented both as grids of binned medians and as boxplots as a function of local time and month of the year, for different solar activity levels. Corresponding trends are first compared to those output by the midlatitude empirical model developed by Fox et al. (Radio Sci 26:429–438, 1991) and then discussed in the light of what is known so far. From this investigation, the strong need to implement an improved empirical model of τ has emerged. Both Space Weather and Space Geodesy applications might benefit from such model. Therefore, both the dataset and the methodology described in the paper represent a first fundamental step aimed at implementing an empirical climatological model of the ionospheric equivalent slab thickness. The study highlighted also that at midlatitudes τ shows the following main patterns: daytime values considerably smaller than nighttime ones (except in summer); well-defined maxima at solar terminator hours; a greater dispersion during nighttime and solar terminator hours; no clear and evident solar activity dependence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 124
    Description: 2A. Fisica dell'alta atmosfera
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Fracturing and healing of basaltic magmas during explosive volcanic eruptions (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-26
    Description: The eruption of basaltic magmas dominates explosive volcanism on Earth and other planets within the Solar System. The mechanism through which continuous magma fragments into volcanic particles is central in governing eruption dynamics and the ensuing hazards. However, the mechanism of fragmentation of basaltic magmas is still disputed, with both viscous and brittle mechanisms having been proposed. Here we carry out textural analysis of the products of ten eruptions from seven volcanoes by scanning electron microscopy. We find broken crystals surrounded by intact glass that testify to the brittle fragmentation of basaltic magmas during explosive activity worldwide. We then replicated the natural textures of broken crystals in laboratory experiments where variably crystallized basaltic melt was fragmented by rapid deformation. The experiments reveal that crystals are broken by the propagation of a network of fractures through magma, and that afterwards the fractures heal by viscous flow of the melt. Fracturing and healing affect gas mobility, stress distribution, and bubble and crystal size distributions in magma. Our results challenge the idea that the grain size distribution of basaltic eruption products reflects the density of fractures that initially fragmented the magma and ultimately indicate that brittle fracturing and viscous healing of magma may underlie basaltic explosive eruptions globally.
    Description: Published
    Description: 248–254
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Neapolitan volcanoes (2021)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2021-12-24
    Description: This book serves as a guide to discovering the most interesting volcano sites in Italy. Accompanied by some extraordinary contemporary images of active Neapolitan volcanoes, it explains the main volcanic processes that have been shaping the landscape of the Campania region and influencing human settlements in this area since Greek and Roman times and that have prompted leading international scientists to visit and study this natural volcanology laboratory. While volcanology is the central topic, the book also addresses other aspects related to the area’s volcanism and is divided into three sections: 1) Neapolitan volcanic activity and processes (with a general introduction to volcanology and its development around Naples together with descriptions of the landscape and the main sites worth visiting); 2) Volcanoes and their interactions with local human settlements since the Bronze Age, recent population growth and the transformation of the territory; 3) The risks posed by Neapolitan Volcanoes, their recent activity and the problem of forecasting any future eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
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    Northern Hemisphere drought risk in a warming climate (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Springer Nature, 4(1), ISSN: 2397-3722
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Discovery and quantification of anaerobic nitrogen metabolisms among oxygenated tropical Cuban stony corals (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Babbin, A. R., Tamasi, T., Dumit, D., Weber, L., Rodríguez, M. V. I., Schwartz, S. L., Armenteros, M., Wankel, S. D., & Apprill, A. Discovery and quantification of anaerobic nitrogen metabolisms among oxygenated tropical Cuban stony corals. ISME Journal, (2020), doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00845-2.
    Description: Coral reef health depends on an intricate relationship among the coral animal, photosynthetic algae, and a complex microbial community. The holobiont can impact the nutrient balance of their hosts amid an otherwise oligotrophic environment, including by cycling physiologically important nitrogen compounds. Here we use 15N-tracer experiments to produce the first simultaneous measurements of ammonium oxidation, nitrate reduction, and nitrous oxide (N2O) production among five iconic species of reef-building corals (Acropora palmata, Diploria labyrinthiformis, Orbicella faveolata, Porites astreoides, and Porites porites) in the highly protected Jardines de la Reina reefs of Cuba. Nitrate reduction is present in most species, but ammonium oxidation is low potentially due to photoinhibition and assimilatory competition. Coral-associated rates of N2O production indicate a widespread potential for denitrification, especially among D. labyrinthiformis, at rates of ~1 nmol cm−2 d−1. In contrast, A. palmata displays minimal active nitrogen metabolism. Enhanced rates of nitrate reduction and N2O production are observed coincident with dark net respiration periods. Genomes of bacterial cultures isolated from multiple coral species confirm that microorganisms with the ability to respire nitrate anaerobically to either dinitrogen gas or ammonium exist within the holobiont. This confirmation of anaerobic nitrogen metabolisms by coral-associated microorganisms sheds new light on coral and reef productivity.
    Description: Research was conducted in the Gardens of the Queen, Cuba in accordance with the requirements of the Republic of Cuba, conducted under permit NV2370 and NV2568 issued by the Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. We gratefully acknowledge funding for this research by MIT Sea Grant award #2018-DOH-49-LEV, Simons Foundation award #622065, and MIT ESI seed funding to ARB, the MIT Montrym, Ferry, and mTerra Seed Grant Funds, and the generous contributions by Dr Bruce L. Heflinger.
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    Time-series transcriptomics from cold, oxic subseafloor crustal fluids reveals a motile, mixotrophic microbial community (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Seyler, L. M., Trembath-Reichert, E., Tully, B. J., & Huber, J. A. Time-series transcriptomics from cold, oxic subseafloor crustal fluids reveals a motile, mixotrophic microbial community. Isme Journal, (2020), doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00843-4.
    Description: The oceanic crustal aquifer is one of the largest habitable volumes on Earth, and it harbors a reservoir of microbial life that influences global-scale biogeochemical cycles. Here, we use time series metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data from a low-temperature, ridge flank environment representative of the majority of global hydrothermal fluid circulation in the ocean to reconstruct microbial metabolic potential, transcript abundance, and community dynamics. We also present metagenome-assembled genomes from recently collected fluids that are furthest removed from drilling disturbances. Our results suggest that the microbial community in the North Pond aquifer plays an important role in the oxidation of organic carbon within the crust. This community is motile and metabolically flexible, with the ability to use both autotrophic and organotrophic pathways, as well as function under low oxygen conditions by using alternative electron acceptors such as nitrate and thiosulfate. Anaerobic processes are most abundant in subseafloor horizons deepest in the aquifer, furthest from connectivity with the deep ocean, and there was little overlap in the active microbial populations between sampling horizons. This work highlights the heterogeneity of microbial life in the subseafloor aquifer and provides new insights into biogeochemical cycling in ocean crust.
    Description: The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation sponsored most of the observatory components at North Pond through grant GBMF1609. This work was supported by NSF OCE-1062006, OCE-1745589 and OCE-1635208 to J.A.H. E.T.R. was supported by a NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship with the NASA Astrobiology Institute and a L’Oréal USA For Women in Science Fellowship. The Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations (C-DEBI OCE-0939564) also supported the participation of J.A.H. and B.T. This is C-DEBI contribution number 548.
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    Quantifying the effects of hydrogen on carbon assimilation in a seafloor microbial community associated with ultramafic rocks (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Coskun, O. K., Vuillemin, A., Schubotz, F., Klein, F., Sichel, S. E., Eisenreich, W., & Orsi, W. D. Quantifying the effects of hydrogen on carbon assimilation in a seafloor microbial community associated with ultramafic rocks. Isme Journal. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01066-x.
    Description: Thermodynamic models predict that H2 is energetically favorable for seafloor microbial life, but how H2 affects anabolic processes in seafloor-associated communities is poorly understood. Here, we used quantitative 13C DNA stable isotope probing (qSIP) to quantify the effect of H2 on carbon assimilation by microbial taxa synthesizing 13C-labeled DNA that are associated with partially serpentinized peridotite rocks from the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The rock-hosted seafloor community was an order of magnitude more diverse compared to the seawater community directly above the rocks. With added H2, peridotite-associated taxa increased assimilation of 13C-bicarbonate and 13C-acetate into 16S rRNA genes of operational taxonomic units by 146% (±29%) and 55% (±34%), respectively, which correlated with enrichment of H2-oxidizing NiFe-hydrogenases encoded in peridotite-associated metagenomes. The effect of H2 on anabolism was phylogenetically organized, with taxa affiliated with Atribacteria, Nitrospira, and Thaumarchaeota exhibiting the most significant increases in 13C-substrate assimilation in the presence of H2. In SIP incubations with added H2, an order of magnitude higher number of peridotite rock-associated taxa assimilated 13C-bicarbonate, 13C-acetate, and 13C-formate compared to taxa that were not associated with peridotites. Collectively, these findings indicate that the unique geochemical nature of the peridotite-hosted ecosystem has selected for H2-metabolizing, rock-associated taxa that can increase anabolism under high H2 concentrations. Because ultramafic rocks are widespread in slow-, and ultraslow-spreading oceanic lithosphere, continental margins, and subduction zones where H2 is formed in copious amounts, the link between H2 and carbon assimilation demonstrated here may be widespread within these geological settings.
    Description: This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 364653263—TRR 235 to WDO and WE, and under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC 2077-390741603. The work was also supported by the Dalio Explore Fund and LMU Mentoring Program. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
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    Degradation of biological macromolecules supports uncultured microbial populations in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Castro, S. P., Borton, M. A., Regan, K., de Angelis, I. H., Wrighton, K. C., Teske, A. P., Strous, M., & Ruff, S. E. Degradation of biological macromolecules supports uncultured microbial populations in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments. Isme Journal. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01026-5.
    Description: Hydrothermal sediments contain large numbers of uncultured heterotrophic microbial lineages. Here, we amended Guaymas Basin sediments with proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids or lipids under different redox conditions and cultivated heterotrophic thermophiles with the genomic potential for macromolecule degradation. We reconstructed 20 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of uncultured lineages affiliating with known archaeal and bacterial phyla, including endospore-forming Bacilli and candidate phylum Marinisomatota. One Marinisomatota MAG had 35 different glycoside hydrolases often in multiple copies, seven extracellular CAZymes, six polysaccharide lyases, and multiple sugar transporters. This population has the potential to degrade a broad spectrum of polysaccharides including chitin, cellulose, pectin, alginate, chondroitin, and carrageenan. We also describe thermophiles affiliating with the genera Thermosyntropha, Thermovirga, and Kosmotoga with the capability to make a living on nucleic acids, lipids, or multiple macromolecule classes, respectively. Several populations seemed to lack extracellular enzyme machinery and thus likely scavenged oligo- or monomers (e.g., MAGs affiliating with Archaeoglobus) or metabolic products like hydrogen (e.g., MAGs affiliating with Thermodesulfobacterium or Desulforudaceae). The growth of methanogens or the production of methane was not observed in any condition, indicating that the tested macromolecules are not degraded into substrates for methanogenesis in hydrothermal sediments. We provide new insights into the niches, and genomes of microorganisms that actively degrade abundant necromass macromolecules under oxic, sulfate-reducing, and fermentative thermophilic conditions. These findings improve our understanding of the carbon flow across trophic levels and indicate how primary produced biomass sustains complex and productive ecosystems.
    Description: We are grateful to the captain and crew of the R/V Atlantis AT37-06 as well as the crew of the human occupied vehicle Alvin for their tireless support. Sampling at Guaymas Basin was supported by NSF (OCE-1357238).
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    Metabolic versatility of the nitrite-oxidizing bacterium Nitrospira marina and its proteomic response to oxygen-limited conditions (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Bayer, B., Saito, M. A., McIlvin, M. R., Lucker, S., Moran, D. M., Lankiewicz, T. S., Dupont, C. L., & Santoro, A. E. (2020). Metabolic versatility of the nitrite-oxidizing bacterium Nitrospira marina and its proteomic response to oxygen-limited conditions. Isme Journal, doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00828-3.
    Description: The genus Nitrospira is the most widespread group of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and thrives in diverse natural and engineered ecosystems. Nitrospira marina Nb-295T was isolated from the ocean over 30 years ago; however, its genome has not yet been analyzed. Here, we investigated the metabolic potential of N. marina based on its complete genome sequence and performed physiological experiments to test genome-derived hypotheses. Our data confirm that N. marina benefits from additions of undefined organic carbon substrates, has adaptations to resist oxidative, osmotic, and UV light-induced stress and low dissolved pCO2, and requires exogenous vitamin B12. In addition, N. marina is able to grow chemoorganotrophically on formate, and is thus not an obligate chemolithoautotroph. We further investigated the proteomic response of N. marina to low (∼5.6 µM) O2 concentrations. The abundance of a potentially more efficient CO2-fixing pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR) complex and a high-affinity cbb3-type terminal oxidase increased under O2 limitation, suggesting a role in sustaining nitrite oxidation-driven autotrophy. This putatively more O2-sensitive POR complex might be protected from oxidative damage by Cu/Zn-binding superoxide dismutase, which also increased in abundance under low O2 conditions. Furthermore, the upregulation of proteins involved in alternative energy metabolisms, including Group 3b [NiFe] hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase, indicate a high metabolic versatility to survive conditions unfavorable for aerobic nitrite oxidation. In summary, the genome and proteome of the first marine Nitrospira isolate identifies adaptations to life in the oxic ocean and provides insights into the metabolic diversity and niche differentiation of NOB in marine environments.
    Description: We thank John B. Waterbury and Frederica Valois for providing the culture of Nitrospira marina Nb-295T and for continued advice about cultivation. The N. marina genome was sequenced as part of US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Community Sequencing Project 1337 to CLD, AES, and MAS in collaboration with the user community. We thank Claus Pelikan for bioinformatic assistance. This research was supported by a Simons Foundation Early Career Investigator in Marine Microbiology and Evolution Award (345889) and US National Science Foundation (NSF) award OCE-1924512 to AES. Proteomics analysis was supported by NSF awards OCE-1924554 and OCE-1850719, and NIH award R01GM135709 to MAS. BB was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Project Number: J4426-B (“The influence of nitrifiers on the oceanic carbon cycle”), SL by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) grant 016.Vidi.189.050, and CLD by NSF award OCE-125999.
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    Resource partitioning of phytoplankton metabolites that support bacterial heterotrophy (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Ferrer-González, F. X., Widner, B., Holderman, N. R., Glushka, J., Edison, A. S., Kujawinski, E. B., & Moran, M. A. Resource partitioning of phytoplankton metabolites that support bacterial heterotrophy. ISME Journal, (2020), doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00811-y.
    Description: The communities of bacteria that assemble around marine microphytoplankton are predictably dominated by Rhodobacterales, Flavobacteriales, and families within the Gammaproteobacteria. Yet whether this consistent ecological pattern reflects the result of resource-based niche partitioning or resource competition requires better knowledge of the metabolites linking microbial autotrophs and heterotrophs in the surface ocean. We characterized molecules targeted for uptake by three heterotrophic bacteria individually co-cultured with a marine diatom using two strategies that vetted the exometabolite pool for biological relevance by means of bacterial activity assays: expression of diagnostic genes and net drawdown of exometabolites, the latter detected with mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance using novel sample preparation approaches. Of the more than 36 organic molecules with evidence of bacterial uptake, 53% contained nitrogen (including nucleosides and amino acids), 11% were organic sulfur compounds (including dihydroxypropanesulfonate and dimethysulfoniopropionate), and 28% were components of polysaccharides (including chrysolaminarin, chitin, and alginate). Overlap in phytoplankton-derived metabolite use by bacteria in the absence of competition was low, and only guanosine, proline, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine were predicted to be used by all three. Exometabolite uptake pattern points to a key role for ecological resource partitioning in the assembly marine bacterial communities transforming recent photosynthate.
    Description: This work was supported by grants from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (5503) and the National Science Foundation (IOS-1656311) to MAM, ASE, and EBK, and by the Simons Foundation grant 542391 to MAM within the Principles of Microbial Ecosystems (PriME) Collaborative.
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    Stable aerobic and anaerobic coexistence in anoxic marine zones (2020)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Zakem, E. J., Mahadevan, A., Lauderdale, J. M., & Follows, M. J. Stable aerobic and anaerobic coexistence in anoxic marine zones. ISME Journal, 14, (2019): 288–301, doi: 10.1038/s41396-019-0523-8.
    Description: Mechanistic description of the transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism is necessary for diagnostic and predictive modeling of fixed nitrogen loss in anoxic marine zones (AMZs). In a metabolic model where diverse oxygen- and nitrogen-cycling microbial metabolisms are described by underlying redox chemical reactions, we predict a transition from strictly aerobic to predominantly anaerobic regimes as the outcome of ecological interactions along an oxygen gradient, obviating the need for prescribed critical oxygen concentrations. Competing aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms can coexist in anoxic conditions whether these metabolisms represent obligate or facultative populations. In the coexistence regime, relative rates of aerobic and anaerobic activity are determined by the ratio of oxygen to electron donor supply. The model simulates key characteristics of AMZs, such as the accumulation of nitrite and the sustainability of anammox at higher oxygen concentrations than denitrification, and articulates how microbial biomass concentrations relate to associated water column transformation rates as a function of redox stoichiometry and energetics. Incorporating the metabolic model into an idealized two-dimensional ocean circulation results in a simulated AMZ, in which a secondary chlorophyll maximum emerges from oxygen-limited grazing, and where vertical mixing and dispersal in the oxycline also contribute to metabolic co-occurrence. The modeling approach is mechanistic yet computationally economical and suitable for global change applications.
    Description: We are grateful for the thorough and thoughtful comments of two anonymous reviewers. We also thank Andrew Babbin for helpful comments. EJZ was supported by the Simons Foundation (Postdoctoral Fellowship in Marine Microbial Ecology). AM was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR #N000-14-15-1-2555). JML was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF #OCE-1259388). MJF was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF #3778) and the Simons Foundation: the Simons Collaboration on Ocean Processes and Ecology (SCOPE #329108) and the Simons Collaboration on Computational Biogeochemical Modeling of Marine Ecosystems (CBIOMES #549931).
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    Comparative proteomics of related symbiotic mussel species reveals high variability of host-symbiont interactions (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Ponnudurai, R., Heiden, S. E., Sayavedra, L., Hinzke, T., Kleiner, M., Hentschker, C., Felbeck, H., Sievert, S. M., Schlüter, R., Becher, D., Schweder, T., & Markert, S. Comparative proteomics of related symbiotic mussel species reveals high variability of host-symbiont interactions. ISME Journal, 14, (2019): 649–656, doi: 10.1038/s41396-019-0517-6.
    Description: Deep-sea Bathymodiolus mussels and their chemoautotrophic symbionts are well-studied representatives of mutualistic host–microbe associations. However, how host–symbiont interactions vary on the molecular level between related host and symbiont species remains unclear. Therefore, we compared the host and symbiont metaproteomes of Pacific B. thermophilus, hosting a thiotrophic symbiont, and Atlantic B. azoricus, containing two symbionts, a thiotroph and a methanotroph. We identified common strategies of metabolic support between hosts and symbionts, such as the oxidation of sulfide by the host, which provides a thiosulfate reservoir for the thiotrophic symbionts, and a cycling mechanism that could supply the host with symbiont-derived amino acids. However, expression levels of these processes differed substantially between both symbioses. Backed up by genomic comparisons, our results furthermore revealed an exceptionally large repertoire of attachment-related proteins in the B. thermophilus symbiont. These findings imply that host–microbe interactions can be quite variable, even between closely related systems.
    Description: Thanks to captain, crew, and pilots of the research vessels Atlantis (ROV Jason cruise AT26–10 in 2014) and Meteor (cruise M82–3 in 2010). We thank Jana Matulla, Sebastian Grund, and Annette Meuche for excellent technical assistance during sample preparation, MS measurements in the Orbitrap Classic, and TEM imaging preparation, respectively. We appreciate Nikolaus Leisch’s help with TEM image interpretation, Inna Sokolova’s advice on bivalve physiology, and Marie Zühlke’s support during manuscript revision. RP was supported by the EU-funded Marie Curie Initial Training Network ‘Symbiomics’ (project no. 264774) and by a fellowship of the Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V. TH was supported by the German Research Foundation DFG (grant MA 6346/2–1 to SM). The Atlantis cruise was funded by a grant of the US National Science Foundation’s Dimensions of Biodiversity program to SMS (OCE-1136727).
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    Coordinated transformation of the gut microbiome and lipidome of bowhead whales provides novel insights into digestion (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Miller, C. A., Holm, H. C., Horstmann, L., George, J. C., Fredricks, H. F., Van Mooy, B. A. S., & Apprill, A. Coordinated transformation of the gut microbiome and lipidome of bowhead whales provides novel insights into digestion. ISME Journal, 14, (2019): 688-701, doi: 10.1038/s41396-019-0549-y.
    Description: Whale digestion plays an integral role in many ocean ecosystems. By digesting enormous quantities of lipid-rich prey, whales support their energy intensive lifestyle, but also excrete nutrients important to ocean biogeochemical cycles. Nevertheless, whale digestion is poorly understood. Gastrointestinal microorganisms play a significant role in vertebrate digestion, but few studies have examined them in whales. To investigate digestion of lipids, and the potential contribution of microbes to lipid digestion in whales, we characterized lipid composition (lipidomes) and bacterial communities (microbiotas) in 126 digesta samples collected throughout the gastrointestinal tracts of 38 bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) harvested by Alaskan Eskimos. Lipidomes and microbiotas were strongly correlated throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Lipidomes and microbiotas were most variable in the small intestine and most similar in the large intestine, where microbiota richness was greatest. Our results suggest digestion of wax esters, the primary lipids in B. mysticetus prey representing more than 80% of total dietary lipids, occurred in the mid- to distal small intestine and was correlated with specific microorganisms. Because wax esters are difficult to digest by other marine vertebrates and constitute a large reservoir of carbon in the ocean, our results further elucidate the essential roles that whales and their gastrointestinal microbiotas play in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients in high-latitude seas.
    Description: Devonshire Foundation (to CAM), Marine Mammal Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI; to CAM), WHOI Ocean Life Institute (to AA and CAM), Dalio Foundation’s Dalio Ocean Initiative (now ‘OceanX’) (to AA), National Science Foundation (OCE-1756254 and OPP-1543328 to BASVM). Samples were collected under Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service permit numbers 17350-00, 17350-01, and 17350-02 to North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management.
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  • 35
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    Potential virus-mediated nitrogen cycling in oxygen-depleted oceanic waters (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gazitua, M. C., Vik, D. R., Roux, S., Gregory, A. C., Bolduc, B., Widner, B., Mulholland, M. R., Hallam, S. J., Ulloa, O., & Sullivan, M. B. Potential virus-mediated nitrogen cycling in oxygen-depleted oceanic waters. Isme Journal, (2020), doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00825-6.
    Description: Viruses play an important role in the ecology and biogeochemistry of marine ecosystems. Beyond mortality and gene transfer, viruses can reprogram microbial metabolism during infection by expressing auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) involved in photosynthesis, central carbon metabolism, and nutrient cycling. While previous studies have focused on AMG diversity in the sunlit and dark ocean, less is known about the role of viruses in shaping metabolic networks along redox gradients associated with marine oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). Here, we analyzed relatively quantitative viral metagenomic datasets that profiled the oxygen gradient across Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) OMZ waters, assessing whether OMZ viruses might impact nitrogen (N) cycling via AMGs. Identified viral genomes encoded six N-cycle AMGs associated with denitrification, nitrification, assimilatory nitrate reduction, and nitrite transport. The majority of these AMGs (80%) were identified in T4-like Myoviridae phages, predicted to infect Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria, or in unclassified archaeal viruses predicted to infect Thaumarchaeota. Four AMGs were exclusive to anoxic waters and had distributions that paralleled homologous microbial genes. Together, these findings suggest viruses modulate N-cycling processes within the ETSP OMZ and may contribute to nitrogen loss throughout the global oceans thus providing a baseline for their inclusion in the ecosystem and geochemical models.
    Description: We thank Sullivan Lab members and Heather Maughan for comments on the paper, Bess Ward for her contribution in the N-cycle context of our story, Kurt Hanselmann for his assistance in the calculations of the Gibbs-free energies, and the scientific party and crew of the R/V Atlantis (grant OCE-1356056 to MRM) for the sampling opportunity and support at sea. This work was funded in part by awards from the Agouron Institute to OU and MBS, a Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Investigator Award (#3790) and NSF Biological Oceanography Awards (#1536989 and #1829831) to MBS, and the Millennium Science Initiative (grant ICN12_019-IMO) to OU. The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
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  • 36
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    Physiological dynamics of chemosynthetic symbionts in hydrothermal vent snails (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Breusing, C., Mitchell, J., Delaney, J., Sylva, S. P., Seewald, J. S., Girguis, P. R., & Beinart, R. A. Physiological dynamics of chemosynthetic symbionts in hydrothermal vent snails. Isme Journal, (2020), doi:10.1038/s41396-020-0707-2.
    Description: Symbioses between invertebrate animals and chemosynthetic bacteria form the basis of hydrothermal vent ecosystems worldwide. In the Lau Basin, deep-sea vent snails of the genus Alviniconcha associate with either Gammaproteobacteria (A. kojimai, A. strummeri) or Campylobacteria (A. boucheti) that use sulfide and/or hydrogen as energy sources. While the A. boucheti host–symbiont combination (holobiont) dominates at vents with higher concentrations of sulfide and hydrogen, the A. kojimai and A. strummeri holobionts are more abundant at sites with lower concentrations of these reductants. We posit that adaptive differences in symbiont physiology and gene regulation might influence the observed niche partitioning between host taxa. To test this hypothesis, we used high-pressure respirometers to measure symbiont metabolic rates and examine changes in gene expression among holobionts exposed to in situ concentrations of hydrogen (H2: ~25 µM) or hydrogen sulfide (H2S: ~120 µM). The campylobacterial symbiont exhibited the lowest rate of H2S oxidation but the highest rate of H2 oxidation, with fewer transcriptional changes and less carbon fixation relative to the gammaproteobacterial symbionts under each experimental condition. These data reveal potential physiological adaptations among symbiont types, which may account for the observed net differences in metabolic activity and contribute to the observed niche segregation among holobionts.
    Description: We thank the Schmidt Ocean Institute, the crew of the R/V Falkor and the pilots of the ROV ROPOS for facilitating the sample collections and shipboard experiments, and the Broad Institute Microbial ‘Omics Core for preparing and sequencing the transcriptomic libraries. This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers NSF OCE-1536653 (to PRG), OCE-1536331 (to RAB and JSS), OCE-1819530 and OCE-1736932 (to RAB).
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  • 37
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    Viral elements and their potential influence on microbial processes along the permanently stratified Cariaco Basin redoxcline (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Mara, P., Vik, D., Pachiadaki, M. G., Suter, E. A., Poulos, B., Taylor, G. T., Sullivan, M. B., & Edgcomb, V. P. Viral elements and their potential influence on microbial processes along the permanently stratified Cariaco Basin redoxcline. ISME Journal, (2020), doi:10.1038/s41396-020-00739-3.
    Description: Little is known about viruses in oxygen-deficient water columns (ODWCs). In surface ocean waters, viruses are known to act as gene vectors among susceptible hosts. Some of these genes may have metabolic functions and are thus termed auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs). AMGs introduced to new hosts by viruses can enhance viral replication and/or potentially affect biogeochemical cycles by modulating key microbial pathways. Here we identify 748 viral populations that cluster into 94 genera along a vertical geochemical gradient in the Cariaco Basin, a permanently stratified and euxinic ocean basin. The viral communities in this ODWC appear to be relatively novel as 80 of these viral genera contained no reference viral sequences, likely due to the isolation and unique features of this system. We identify viral elements that encode AMGs implicated in distinctive processes, such as sulfur cycling, acetate fermentation, signal transduction, [Fe–S] formation, and N-glycosylation. These AMG-encoding viruses include two putative Mu-like viruses, and viral-like regions that may constitute degraded prophages that have been modified by transposable elements. Our results provide an insight into the ecological and biogeochemical impact of viruses oxygen-depleted and euxinic habitats.
    Description: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation grant OCE-1336082 to VPE, OCE-1335436 to GTT, OCE-1536989, a Moore Foundation Award (#3790) to MBS, and WHOI subaward A101259 to MP. The sequencing conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
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  • 38
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    Sediment dynamics of a divergent bay-marsh complex (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Springer Nature , 2020. This article is posted here by permission of Springer Nature for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nowacki, D. J., & Ganju, N. K. Sediment dynamics of a divergent bay-marsh complex. Estuaries and Coasts, (2020), doi:10.1007/s12237-020-00855-5.
    Description: Bay–marsh systems, composed of an embayment surrounded by fringing marsh incised by tidal channels, are widely distributed coastal environments. External sediment availability, marsh-edge erosion, and sea-level rise acting on such bay–marsh complexes may drive diverse sediment-flux regimes. These factors reinforce the ephemeral and dynamic nature of fringing marshes: material released by marsh-edge erosion becomes part of a bay–marsh exchange that fuels the geomorphic evolution of the coupled system. The dynamics of this sediment exchange determine the balance among seaward export, deposition on the embayment seabed, flux into tidal channels, and import to the marsh platform. In this work, we investigate the sediment dynamics of a transgressive bay–marsh complex and link them to larger-scale considerations of its geomorphic trajectory. Grand Bay, Alabama/Mississippi, is a shallow microtidal embayment surrounded by salt marshes with lateral erosion rates of up to 5 m year−1. We collected 6 months of oceanographic data at four moorings within Grand Bay and its tidal channels to assess hydrographic conditions and net sediment-flux patterns and augmented the observations with numerical modeling. The observations imply a divergent sedimentary system in which a majority of the suspended sediment is exported seaward, while a smaller fraction is imported landward via tidal channels, assisting in vertical marsh-plain accumulation, maintenance of channel and intertidal-flat morphologies, and landward transgression. These results describe a dynamic system that is responsive to episodic atmospheric forcing in the absence of a strong tidal signal and the presence of severe lateral marsh loss.
    Description: We thank the staff of the Grand Bay NERR for their role in facilitating fieldwork within Grand Bay. Jonathan Pitchford, also of the Grand Bay NERR, provided the SET data. Giulio Mariotti and an anonymous reviewer are acknowledged for their helpful comments.
    Keywords: Salt marsh ; Geomorphic trajectory ; Sediment flux
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  • 39
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    Preliminary Cruise Report for the Research Vessel Moana-Wave (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-29
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 40
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    Mn-coated fossiliferous limestone, dredge photograph of STYX station STYX-19D (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 41
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    Figure 1-2 and 1-3 of Shiki et al. 1974 (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-27
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 42
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    Sedimentverteilung bei Bokniseck (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Meyniana, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 26, pp. 3-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 43
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    Images of the SCAN Expedition, June 1974 (R/V Argo) (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-03
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 44
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    Arbeitsprogramm für die Planet-Fahrt in die Ostsee (April 1974) (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 45
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    METEOR Cruise overview M33 (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 46
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    METEOR Cruise overview M34 (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 47
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    METEOR Cruise overview M35 (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 48
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    Geochemische und petrographische Untersuchungen an Evaporit-Bohrkernen aus dem Roten Meer (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Verlag Glückauf, Essen:, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 8, pp. 290-299
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 49
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    Distribution of diatom species as abundance estimates from vertical multinet hauls from 150 m water depth in the Indian Ocean (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Simonsen, R (1974): The Diatom Plankton of the Indian Ocean Expedition of RV "Meteor" 1964 - 1965. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Reihe D Biologie, Gebrüder Bornträger, Berlin, Stuttgart, D19, 1-107
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-09
    Description: During the Indian Ocean Expedition of R/V METEOR phytoplankton samples were taken with a multiple closing net (Multinet) at 103 stations. In this material the diatoms were investigated. In all 247 taxa could be identified which belong to 242 species and 5 varieties of formae of 80 genera. Of these 1 variety, 15 pecies, and 3 genera are newly described. New combinations were made for 18 species, and a number of old combinations was reinstated.
    Keywords: Abundance estimate; Actinocyclus curvatulus; Actinocyclus elongatus; Actinocyclus octonarius; Actinocyclus subtilis; Actinoptychus annulatus; Actinoptychus senarius; Actinoptychus splendens; Amphiprora alata; Amphiprora sulcata; Amphora angusta; Amphora bigibba; Amphora crassa; Amphora decussata; Amphora graffeana; Amphora granulata; Amphora robusta; Amphora spectabilis; Amphora wisei; Area/locality; Asterionella glacialis; Asterionella notata; Asterolampra grevillei; Asterolampra marylandica; Asteromphalus arachne; Asteromphalus elegans; Asteromphalus flabellatus; Asteromphalus heptactis; Asteromphalus imbricatus; Asteromphalus ingens; Asteromphalus petterssonii; Asteromphalus roperianus; Asteromphalus sarcophagus; Auricula insecta; Bacillaria paradoxa; Bacteriastrum furcatum; Bacteriastrum furcatum-hispida; Biddulphia pulchella; Biddulphia tuomeyi; Caloneis elongata; Cerataulina bergonii; Cerataulus smithii; Chaetoceros atlanticus; Chaetoceros bacteriastroides; Chaetoceros buceros; Chaetoceros coarctatus; Chaetoceros compressus; Chaetoceros curvisetus; Chaetoceros decipiens; Chaetoceros denticulatus; Chaetoceros didymus; Chaetoceros diversus; Chaetoceros lorenzianus; Chaetoceros messanensis; Chaetoceros peruvianus; Chaetoceros radicans; Chaetoceros rostratus; Chaetoceros seychellarum; Chaetoceros sumatranus; Chaetoceros tetratichon; Climacodium frauenfeldianum; Cocconeis dirupta; Cocconeis dirupta-flexella; Cocconeis distans; Cocconeis placentula; Cocconeis scutellum; Corethron criophilum; Coscinodiscus africanus; Coscinodiscus asteromphalus; Coscinodiscus centralis; Coscinodiscus concinniformis; Coscinodiscus concinnoides; Coscinodiscus crenulatus; Coscinodiscus gigas; Coscinodiscus granii; Coscinodiscus jonesianus; Coscinodiscus lineatus; Coscinodiscus nodulifer; Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis; Coscinodiscus perforatus; Coscinodiscus plicatoides; Coscinodiscus radiatus; Coscinodiscus reniformis; Coscinodiscus stellaris; Coscinodiscus thorii; CT; Cyclotella striata; Cyclotella stylorum; Cymatonitzschia marina; Cymatotheka weissflogii; Dactyliosolen mediterraneus; DEPTH, water; Detonula pumila; Diploneis bomboides; Diploneis didyma; Diploneis papula; Diploneis smithii; Ditylum sol; Ethmodiscus gazellae; Ethmodiscus rex; Ethmodiscus spp. fragments; Eucampia cornuta; Eucampia zodiacus; Fragilaria intermedia; Glyphodesmis rhombica; Gomphonema pseudexiguum; Gossleriella tropica; Grammatophora marina; Guinardia flaccida; Hantzschia amphioxys; Haslea gigantea; Haslea gretharum; Haslea hyalinissima; Haslea wawrikae; Hemiaulus hauckii; Hemiaulus membranaceus; Hemiaulus sinensis; Hemidiscus cuneiformis; Hemidiscus kanayanus; IIOE - International Indian Ocean Expedition; Indian Ocean; Lauderia annulata; Licmophora communis; Licmophora flabellata; M1; M1-track; Mastogloia minuta; Mastogloia rostrata; Mastogloia woodiana; Melosira granulata; Meteor (1964); Navicula abrupta; Navicula comoides; Navicula crucifera; Navicula directa; Navicula distantepunctata; Navicula durandii; Navicula humerosa; Navicula lorenzii; Navicula mutica; Navicula mutica forma cohnii; Navicula nivalis; Navicula protracta; Navicula salinarum; Nitzschia aequatorialis; Nitzschia bicapitata; Nitzschia braarudii; Nitzschia capuluspalae; Nitzschia closterium; Nitzschia constricta; Nitzschia cuspidata; Nitzschia dietrichii; Nitzschia distans; Nitzschia heimii; Nitzschia hybrida; Nitzschia inflatula; Nitzschia inflatula-capitata; Nitzschia interruptestriata; Nitzschia kolaczeckii; Nitzschia lineola; Nitzschia longa; Nitzschia longicollum; Nitzschia longissima; Nitzschia lorenziana; Nitzschia marina; Nitzschia maxima; Nitzschia ossiformis; Nitzschia panduriformis; Nitzschia pungens; Nitzschia pungiformis; Nitzschia sicula; Nitzschia sigma; Nitzschia sigmaformis; Nitzschia socialis; Nitzschia subfraudulenta; Nitzschia subpacifica; Number; Odontella aurita; Odontella mobiliensis; Odontella regia; Odontella rhombus; Odontella sinensis; Oestrupia musca; Pachyneis gerlachii; Palmeria hardmaniana; Paralia sulcata; Pinnularia borealis; Pinnularia cuneatoundulata; Plagiogramma staurophorum; Planktoniella sol; Pleurosigma directum; Pleurosigma indicum; Pleurosigma naviculaceum; Pleurosigma planctonicum; Podocystis spathulata; Podosira stelliger; Porosira denticulata; Protoraphis hustedtiana; Pseudoeunotia doliolus; Pseudohimantidium pacificum; Pseudotriceratium punctatum; Rhabdonema adriaticum; Rhaphoneis amphiceros; Rhaphoneis surirella; Rhaphoneis surirelloides; Rhizosolenia alata; Rhizosolenia alata-indica; Rhizosolenia bergonii; Rhizosolenia calcar-avis; Rhizosolenia castracanei; Rhizosolenia cochlea; Rhizosolenia cylindrus; Rhizosolenia hebetata; Rhizosolenia imbricata; Rhizosolenia robusta; Rhizosolenia setigera; Rhizosolenia styliformis; Roperia tesselata; Sample code/label; Skeletonema costatum; Stauroneis amphioxys; Stauroneis membranacea; Stephanopyxis palmeriana; Stephanopyxis turris; Stictodiscus californicus; Surirella fastuosa; Synedra hennedyana; Synedra indica; Thalassionema bacillaris; Thalassionema nitzschioides; Thalassiosira diporocyclus; Thalassiosira eccentrica; Thalassiosira lineata; Thalassiosira minuscula; Thalassiosira oestrupii; Thalassiosira punctigera; Thalassiosira spinosa; Thalassiosira subtilis; Thalassiosira symmetrica; Thalassiothrix delicatula; Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii; Thalassiothrix longissima; Thalassiothrix mediterranea; Thalassiothrix vanhoeffenii; Trachyneis antillarum; Trachyneis aspera; Trachyneis debyi; Triceratium broeckii; Triceratium dubium; Triceratium favus; Triceratium pentacrinus; Triceratium robertsianum; Trigonium alternans; Trigonium reticulum; Tropidoneis maxima; Tropidoneis sp.; Tropidoneis subulata; Underway cruise track measurements
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1337 data points
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  • 50
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    Relative abundance of euphausiids (Crustacea) in water samples of the Josephine Seamount, Atlantic Ocean (Table 8) (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-09
    Keywords: Atlantische Kuppenfahrten 1967/4-7; Counting 〉400 µm fraction; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Euphausia brevis; Euphausia hemigibba; Event label; HAI; Josephine Seamount; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; M9; M9c_NET023; M9c_NET026; M9c_NET027; M9c_NET030; M9c_NET031; Meganyctiphanes norvegica; Meteor (1964); Nematoscelis megalops; Stylocheiron carinatum; Stylocheiron longicorne; Stylocheiron suhmii; Thysanoessa gregaria; Thysanopoda subaequalis; Towed zooplankton net
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 45 data points
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  • 51
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    Relative abundance of euphausiids (Crustacea) in water samples of the Great Meteor Seamount, Atlantic Ocean (Table 7) (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-09
    Keywords: Atlantische Kuppenfahrten 1967/4-7; Cape Blanc/Meteor Bank/Portugal; Counting 〉400 µm fraction; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Euphausia brevis; Euphausia hemigibba; Euphausia mutica; Event label; HAI; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; M9; M9a_NET003; M9a_NET005; M9a_NET006; M9a_NET007; M9a_NET010; M9a_NET014; M9a_NET016; M9a_NET019; M9a_NET023; M9a_NET025; M9a_NET026; M9a_NET027; M9c_NET053; M9c_NET055; M9c_NET057; M9c_NET062; M9c_NET063; M9c_NET071; M9c_NET078; M9c_NET079; Meteor (1964); Nematobrachion flexipes; Nematoscelis megalops; Stylocheiron abbreviatum; Stylocheiron affine; Stylocheiron carinatum; Stylocheiron longicorne; Stylocheiron suhmii; Thysanoessa gregaria; Thysanopoda obtusifrons; Thysanopoda subaequalis; Towed zooplankton net
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 260 data points
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  • 52
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    Distribution of euphausiids (Crustacea) in water samples of the Great Meteor Seamount, Atlantic Ocean (Appenix) (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-09
    Keywords: Calculated after Simpson-Index; Cape Blanc/Meteor Bank/Portugal; Counting 〉500 µm fraction; DEPTH, water; Diversity; Euphausia brevis; Euphausiacea, larvae; Euphausia hemigibba; Euphausia mutica; Euphausia sp.; Event label; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; M19; M19_NET001; M19_NET004; M19_NET005; M19_NET008; M19_NET009; M19_NET010; M19_NET011; M19_NET012; M19_NET013; M19_NET016; M19_NET026; M19_NET027; M19_NET028; M19_NET030; M19_NET037; M19_NET041; M19_NET042; M19_NET043; M19_NET044; M19_NET046; M19_NET047; M19_NET048; M19_NET049; M19_NET050; Meteor (1964); Nematobrachion flexipes; Nematobrachion sexspinosus; Nematoscelis atlantica; Nematoscelis megalops; Nematoscelis sp.; Nematoscelis tenella; Ring trawl; Rossbreiten-Expedition 1970; RTR; Stylocheiron abbreviatum; Stylocheiron carinatum; Stylocheiron elongatum; Stylocheiron longicorne; Stylocheiron sp.; Stylocheiron suhmii; Thysanoessa sp.; Thysanopoda obtusifrons; Thysanopoda subaequalis; Thysanopoda tricuspidata
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 575 data points
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  • 53
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    (Table VII) Benthic foraminifera abundance in the Great Belt Channel (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: Ammonia beccarii; Ammoscalaria runiana; Ammotium cassis; Bulimina marginata; Bulimina sp.; Buliminella elegantissima; Cibicides lobatulus; Cribrononion albiumbilicatum; Cribrononion asklundi; Cribrononion excavatum; Cribrononion incertum; Cribrononion pauciloculum; Dentalina sp.; Eggerella scabra; Fursenkoina fusiformis; Globigerina sp.; Great_Belt; Group; Guembelina globulosa; Lagena semilineata; Lagena sp.; Lagena sulcata laevicostata; MULT; Multiple investigations; Nonionella cf. grateloupi; Nonionella sp.; Protelphidium cf. anglicum; Reophax dentaliniformis regularis; Reophax subfusiformis; Sediment type; Spiroplectammina biformis; Western Baltic Sea
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 196 data points
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  • 54
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    Coarse fraction analysis and texture of biogenous sands from Josephine Seamount surface samples (Table 2) (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Keywords: Atlantische Kuppenfahrten 1967/4-7; BC; BCR; Box corer; Box corer (Reineck); Bryozoa; Cape Blanc/Meteor Bank/Portugal; Coral; Counting; Crinoidea; Decapoda; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Dredge; DRG; Echinoidea; Elevation of event; Event label; Foraminifera, benthic recent; Foraminifera, benthic reworked; Foraminifera, planktic; Foraminifera, planktic recent; Foraminifera, planktic reworked; Fragments; Gastropoda; Gastropoda, planktic; Gastropoda, planktic recent; Gastropoda, planktic reworked; Grab; GRAB; Grains, relict; Indeterminata; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; M19; M19_211; M19_215-2; M19_217-2; M9; M9_101; M9_101b; M9_110; M9_117; M9_118; M9_119; M9_121; M9_122; M9_123; M9_124; M9_125; M9_127; M9_128; M9_129; M9_130; M9_131; M9_132; M9_133; Median, grain size; Meteor (1964); Mode, grain size; North Atlantic; Ophiuroidea; Ostracoda; Pelecypods; Quartz; Rossbreiten-Expedition 1970; Serpulidae; Size fraction; Size fraction 〈 0.063 mm, mud, silt+clay; Size fraction 〉 2 mm, gravel; Size fraction 2.000-0.630 mm, coarse sand; South Atlantic Ocean; Sponge spiculae; van Veen Grab; VGRAB; Volcanic glass
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 625 data points
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  • 55
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    (Table 3) Carbonate, quartz, and feldspar in different grain-size intervals of River Coruh draining into Black Sea (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Keywords: Atlantis_II_1969; Atlantis II (1963); Calcite/Dolomite ratio; Calculated; Carbonates; Coruh; Feldspar; Plagioclase/Kalifeldspar ratio; Quartz; Quartz/Feldspar ratio; SESAME; Size fraction; Southern European Seas: Assessing and Modelling Ecosystem Changes; Water sample; WS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 49 data points
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  • 56
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    (Table 3) Carbonate, quartz, and feldspar in different grain-size intervals of River Kizil Irmak draining into Black Sea (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Keywords: 804; Calcite/Dolomite ratio; Calculated; Carbonates; Feldspar; Global River Discharge; Inozu; Kizilirmak, Turkey, Asia; Plagioclase/Kalifeldspar ratio; Quartz; Quartz/Feldspar ratio; RGS; River gauging station; SESAME; Size fraction; Southern European Seas: Assessing and Modelling Ecosystem Changes
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 63 data points
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  • 57
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Moana Wave Cruise Mn-74-01 stations (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Andrews, James E; Callender, Edward; Bowser, Carl J; Mero, John L; Gauthier, Michel; Meylan, Maurice A; Craig, James D; Binder, Kenneth; Volk, Patrick; Chave, Alan D; Bachman, Walter (1974): Ferromanganese deposits of the ocean floor. Cruise Report Mn-74-01, R/V Moana Wave, Honolulu to San Diego, 17 July - 10 August 1974. Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, University of Hawaii, Technical Report, 9, 194 pp, https://download.pangaea.de/reference/86495/attachments/08025001_Indexed.pdf
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Cruise MN-74-01 of the R/V Moana Wave was the first part of the field work of the NSF-IDOE Inter-University Ferromanganese Research Program in 1974. This program was designed to investigate the origin, growth, and distribution of copper/nickel-rich manganese nodules in the Pacific Ocean. The field effort was designed to satisfy sample requirements of the 15 principal investigators, while increasing general knowledge of the copper/nickel-rich nodule deposits of the equatorial Pacific. This report is the first of a series of cruise reports designed to assist sample requests for documented nodules, sediment, and water samples so the laboratory results can be realistically compared and related to the environment of nodule growth.
    Keywords: BC; Box corer; Comment; Date/Time of event; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Elevation of event; Event label; FFC; FFGR; Free fall corer; Free-fall grab; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Mass; Mn-74-01-001-FFG-001; Mn-74-01-001-FFG-002; Mn-74-01-001-FFG-003; Mn-74-01-002-FFG-004; Mn-74-01-002-FFG-005; Mn-74-01-002-FFG-006; Mn-74-01-003-FFG-007; Mn-74-01-003-FFG-009; Mn-74-01-004-FFG-010; Mn-74-01-004-FFG-011; Mn-74-01-004-FFG-012; Mn-74-01-005-B2; Mn-74-01-005-FFG-014; Mn-74-01-005-FFG-015; Mn-74-01-006-C5; Mn-74-01-006-FFC-027; Mn-74-01-006-FFG-016; Mn-74-01-006-FFG-017; Mn-74-01-006-FFG-018; Mn-74-01-006-FFG-019; Mn-74-01-006-FFG-020; Mn-74-01-006-FFG-021; Mn-74-01-006-FFG-022; Mn-74-01-006-FFG-023; Mn-74-01-006-FFG-024; Mn-74-01-006-FFG-025; Mn-74-01-006-FFG-026; Mn-74-01-006-FFG-027; Mn-74-01-007-FFG-028; Mn-74-01-007-FFG-029; Mn-74-01-007-FFG-030; Mn-74-01-008-D1; Mn-74-01-008-FFG-032; Mn-74-01-008-FFG-033; Mn-74-01-009-FFG-034; Mn-74-01-009-FFG-036; Mn-74-01-010-FFG-037; Mn-74-01-010-FFG-038; Mn-74-01-010-FFG-039; Mn-74-01-010-FFG-040; Mn-74-01-010-FFG-042; Mn-74-01-010-FFG-043; Mn-74-01-011-FFG-045; Mn-74-01-011-FFG-046; Mn-74-01-011-FFG-047; Mn-74-01 IODE; Moana Wave; MW7401; MW7401-01G01; MW7401-01G02; MW7401-01G03; MW7401-02G04; MW7401-02G05; MW7401-02G06; MW7401-03G07; MW7401-03G09; MW7401-04G10; MW7401-04G11; MW7401-04G12; MW7401-05B02; MW7401-05G14; MW7401-05G15; MW7401-06C05; MW7401-06C07; MW7401-06G16; MW7401-06G17; MW7401-06G18; MW7401-06G19; MW7401-06G20; MW7401-06G21; MW7401-06G22; MW7401-06G23; MW7401-06G24; MW7401-06G25; MW7401-06G26; MW7401-06G27; MW7401-07G28; MW7401-07G29; MW7401-07G30; MW7401-08D01; MW7401-08G32; MW7401-08G33; MW7401-09G34; MW7401-09G36; MW7401-10G37; MW7401-10G38; MW7401-10G39; MW7401-10G40; MW7401-10G42; MW7401-10G43; MW7401-11G45; MW7401-11G46; MW7401-11G47; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Nodules, mass abundance; Number; Pacific Ocean; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample ID; Sediment type; Shape; Substrate type; Surface description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 845 data points
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  • 58
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from BLM Leg Alpha Cruise, R/V Kana Keoki off the south-western coastal area of the Gulf of Mexico off Texas (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The BLM-OCS (Bureau of Land Management-Outer Continental Shelf) program was designed to establish chemical, biological, and geological baseline on the South Texas Continental Shelf. The focus for the geological program was to establish the nature and amount of the suspended sediment in the water column, of the Holocene sediments on the shelf, and to identify and locate regions of geology conditions which may be hazardous to OCS operations. To accomplish these goals three cruises were planned. The report constitutes results of the first cruise. The results of these cruises associated with the subsequent laboratory analysis, enabled to establish a detailed baseline in order to provide significant geologic and biologic data for environmental assessment. Dredges recovered are available at University of Texas (see: BLM/OCS South Texas Outer Continental Shelf (STOCS) Project Sediment Data http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/docucomp/page?xml=NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC/MGG/Geology/iso/xml/G02888.xml&view=getDataView&header=none).
    Keywords: 1974-012-FA; BLMSTG-55G; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; Gulf of Mexico; Kana Keoki; KNKE BLM-Leg Alpha; CORPUS 22/28; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample ID; Size; Substrate type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 7 data points
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  • 59
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from BLM Leg Bravo Cruise, R/V Kana Keoki off the south-western coastal area of the Gulf of Mexico off Texas (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The BLM-OCS (Bureau of Land Management-Outer Continental Shelf) program was designed to establish chemical, biological, and geological baseline on the South Texas Continental Shelf. The focus for the geological program was to establish the nature and amount of the suspended sediment in the water column, of the Holocene sediments on the shelf, and to identify and locate regions of geology conditions which may be hazardous to OCS operations. To accomplish these goals three cruises were planned. The report constitutes results of the second cruise. The results of these cruises associated with the subsequent laboratory analysis, enabled to establish a detailed baseline in order to provide significant geologic and biologic data for environmental assessment. Dredges recovered are available at University of Texas (see: BLM/OCS South Texas Outer Continental Shelf (STOCS) Project Sediment Data http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/docucomp/page?xml=NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC/MGG/Geology/iso/xml/G02888.xml&view=getDataView&header=none).
    Keywords: 1974-014-FA; BLMSTG-191G; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; Elevation of event; Gulf of Mexico; Kana Keoki; KNKE BLM-Leg Bravo; CORPUS 23/29; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample ID; Substrate type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6 data points
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  • 60
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Moana Wave Cruise MW7402 (DOMES) stations (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Amos, A F (1974): Preliminary Cruise Report for the Research Vessel Moana-Wave, April-May 1974. NOAA, U.S. Dept. Commerce, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A., 23 pp, hdl:10013/epic.48839.d001
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: A cruise, aboard the R/V Moana Wave was held during April-May 1974 and investigated an area 1,400 km S.S.E. of Honolulu, Hawaii, designated as DOMES site 'A' by a panel consisting of industry, government and academic representatives managing the Deep Ocean Mining Environmental Study (DOMES) under the coordination of NOAA Environmental Research Laboratory (ERL). This investigation was conducted in order to understand the effects of commercial ferromanganese mining on the oceanic environment. Baseline studies were made on the water column and ocean floor in typical areas prior to a possible full-scale mining operations in the area of the Pacific Occean stiruated between the Clarion and Clipperton fracture zones.
    Keywords: BC; Box corer; Comment; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Elevation of event; Event label; File name; Identification; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Method/Device of event; Mn-74-02 IDOE DOMES; Moana Wave; MW7402; MW7402D-BC01; MW7402D-BC05; MW7402D-BC09; MW7402D-BC12; MW7402D-BC14; MW7402D-BC15; MW7402D-C01; MW7402D-C02; MW7402D-C03; MW7402D-C04; MW7402D-C05; MW7402D-C06; MW7402D-C07; MW7402D-C08; MW7402D-C09; MW7402D-SBT1; MW7402D-SBT2; MW7402D-SBT4; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Photo/Video; Position; PV; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; TRAWL; Trawl net; Uniform resource locator/link to image; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 165 data points
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  • 61
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DSDP Leg 22 (Sites 212, 213, 215, 216, 217, 217A) (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Pimm, Anthony C (1974): Sedimentology and History of the Northeastern Indian Ocean from Late Cretaceous to Recent. In: von der Borch, C.C.; Sclater, J.G.; et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, U.S. Government Printing Office, XXII, 717-803, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.22.139.1974
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Eight sites were drilled on Leg 22 in the northeastern Indian Ocean. Three sites (214, 216, 217) on Ninetyeast Ridge penetrated a thick sequence of mostly Tertiary calcareous oozes passing down into shallow-water sediments with volcanogenic material in Sites 214 and 216. The age of the basal sequence increases northwards from Paleocene (214) through Maastrichtian (216) to Campanian (217). A nonmarine sequence of volcanoclastics and lignite overlies basalt at 214. Drilling terminated in a dolomite chert sequence at 217 before bsalt was encountered. Two sites (213, 215), in deep water on either side of Ninetyeast Ridge, showed calcareous ooze of Paleocene to early Eocene age overlying basalt passing up into brown clay and finally siliceous ooze of late Miocene and younger age. A major hiatus centered in the Oligocene occurs at both these sites. One site (212), drilled in the deepest part of the Wharton Basin, penetrated a brown clay sequence interbedded with several thick calcareous units, each of a very short time duration. Evidence from sedimentary structures and calcareous microfossils.
    Keywords: 22-212; 22-213; 22-215; 22-216; 22-217; 22-217A; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Indian Ocean//BASIN; Indian Ocean//RIDGE; Leg22; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample code/label; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 122 data points
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  • 62
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DSDP Leg 24 (Sites 234, 238) (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Cronan, David S; Damiani, Theresa; Kinsman, D J J; Thiede, Jörn (1974): Sediments from the Gulf of Aden and Western Indian Ocean. In: Fisher, R.L.; Bunce, E.T.; et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, U.S. Government Printing Office, XXIV, 1047-1110, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.24.127.1974
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: During Leg 24 three drilling sites were occupied in the Gulf of Aden (231, 232, 233), two in the Somali Basin (234, 235), and three in the western Indian Ocean (236, 237, 238). The location of these sites is shown in Figure 1; latitude, water depth, and penetration depth are indicated in Table 1. Figure 2 summarizes the lithologies and stratigraphy of all eight sites cored. In this chapter are included lithologic summaries for each of the sites. The sediments are then discussed in terms of their individual biogenic, terrigenous, volcanogenic, or authigenic components and their sedimentary structures. In a series of synthesis sections the hemipelagic, pelagic, and basal metaliferous sedimentary facies are discussed.
    Keywords: 24-234; 24-238; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Indian Ocean//FRACTURE ZONE; Indian Ocean//RIDGE; Leg24; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample code/label; Sediment type; Size; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 57 data points
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  • 63
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DSDP Leg 25 (Sites 239, 242, 245, 245A, 248) (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Leclaire, Lucien (1974): Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Pelagic DepositsPaleoenvironment and Paleooceanography of the Central Western Indian Ocean. In: Simpson, E.S.W.; Schlich, R.; et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, U.S. Government Printing Office, XXV, 481-513, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.25.120.1974
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Pelagic deposits are the dominant contributors to the sediment layers that blanket ridges and basaltic sea floor in deep basins. Among pelagic constituents, nannofossils undoubtedly are the predominant contributor, especially to Cenozoic chalk and ooze. Among Leg 25 sites, the most typical pelagic deposits are found in the Madagascar Basin (Site 245) including a clayey nanno chalk, bearing Fe-Mn oxides, resting directly on the basalt and overlain successively by a nanno chalk which is interlayered with chert and devitrified volcanic ash and a nearly pure nanno ooze. The lithologic sequence is capped by brown clay. Upper Cenozoic foram sand and foram nanno ooze were found on the Mozambique Ridge (Site 249) and particularly on the Madagascar Ridge (Site 246). Biogenic silica-rich facies are rare and mainly located near the top of the lowest latitude sites.
    Keywords: 25-239; 25-242; 25-245; 25-245A; 25-248; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Indian Ocean//BASIN; Indian Ocean//CHANNEL; Leg25; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample code/label; Sediment type; Size; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 77 data points
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  • 64
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DSDP Leg 26 (Sites 250A, 252, 256, 257) (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Doyle, Patricia S; Boltovskoy, Esteban; Herb, Rene C; Thierstein, Hans R; Hyndman, Roy D; Horvath, George J; Leidy, Rosanne D; McKelvey, Barrie C; Kempe, D R C; Rodolfo, Kelvin S; Davies, Thomas A; Luyendyk, Bruce P (1974): Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, U.S. Government Printing Office, XXVI, 1129 pp, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.26.1974
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: DSDP Leg 26, is the fifth cruise of D/V Glomar Challenger in the Indian Ocean, and the first cruise of Phase III of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. The Indian Ocean is the smallest of the three major ocean basins but appears to be geologically the most complex. The sites drilled on Leg 26 were selected to try to elucidate a number of specific problems of both local and broad regional significance, as well as to add to the general knowledge of the area. In particular: a) To locate the oldest sediment in the Indian Ocean and thus possibly the date of the initial breakup of Gondwanaland (Sites 250, 256, 257); b) To determine the effects of the initiation of the Circumpolar Current on southern Indian Ocean sedimentation (Sites 250, 252, 256, 257, 258); c) To determine the history of spreading of the Southwest Branch of the Indian Ocean Ridge and the history of the crust and oceanic sedimentation in that general region (Sites 250, 251, 252).
    Keywords: 26-250A; 26-252; 26-256; 26-257; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Indian Ocean//BASIN; Leg26; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample code/label; Sediment type; Size; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 42 data points
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  • 65
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DSDP Leg 27 (Sites 259, 261, 263) (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Robinson, Paul T; Thayer, Julie A; Cook, Peter J; McKnight, Brian K (1974): Lithology of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sediments of the Eastern Indian Ocean, Leg 27, Deep Sea Drilling Project. In: Veevers, J.J.; Heirtzler, J.R.; et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, U.S. Government Printing Office, XXVII, 1001-1047, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.27.148.1974
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: During Leg 27 five sites were drilled in the eastern Indian Ocean, four in abyssal plains near the western margin of Australia and one in the Timor Trough. Abyssal plain sediments are divided into two major units: (1) a lower, acoustically transparent layer of relatively uniform thickness draped over basaltic basement and (2) a horizontally layered sequence of highly variable thickness filling low areas on the surface of the transparent layer. The transparent layer, ranging in age from Upper Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous, consists chiefly of dark gray, siliceous clays and claystones with minor zeolitic clay and nannofossil ooze. Sedimentation rates are between 5 and 30 m/m.y. being highest in the Lower Cretaceous. Upper Cretaceous sediment are sparse or absent. The relatively high sedimentation rates for pelagic clay are probably due to the proximity of the Australian continent. The layered unit consists of calcareous oozes and lesser zeolitic clay and radiolarian ooze, all of Cenozoic age. Many of the oozes contain shallow-water foraminifers and graded sequences suggesting deposition by mass transport.
    Keywords: 27-259; 27-261; 27-263; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Indian Ocean//PLAIN; Leg27; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample code/label; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; Visual description
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    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 66 data points
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  • 66
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    Observation of manganese deposits in the Gulf of Maine by the ALVIN submersible in 1971-1972 (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: AL34200; AL34900; AL42100; AL42300; AL42700; AL43100; AL44500; ALV342; ALV-342; ALV349; ALV-349; ALV421; ALV-421; ALV423; ALV-423; ALV427; ALV-427; ALV431; ALV-431; ALV445; ALV-445; Alvin; Comment; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Event label; Grab; GRAB; Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean; Identification; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 55 data points
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  • 67
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of a Mn deposits from the Carnegie Ridge in the Pacific Ocean (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Malfait, Bruce Terry (1975): The Carnegie Ridge near 86⁰ W. : structure, sedimentation and near bottom observations. Ph. D. Dissertation), Oregon State University, USA, 142 pp, hdl:1957/28552
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The Carnegie Ridge is a linear, aseismic, submarine ridge lying between the Galapagos Islands and the coast of South America. Surface ship, near bottom, and grain size studies from the saddle have been used to delineate the present geological environment and history of the ridge. Structurally the Carnegie Ridge is rather simple in profile, being bounded by east-west trending scarps which give the ridge a block-faulted appearance. Acoustic basement over the ridge appears smooth on reflection profiles and is composed of chert. The sedimentary sequence above the chert horizon contains a lower chalk unit overlain by calcareous ooze. Where erosion has exposed the chalk a karst-like micro-topography is present which is characterized by steep walled channels and cliffs and consolidated bed forms undergoing erosion and dissolution. The ridge crest has been stripped of almost its entire sediment cover. Thick sequences of sediment are found only in areas protected from north or south flowing bottom currents. Evidence of erosion is provided by extensive channeling on both the north and south flanks of the ridge. Near bottom observations in one channel on the north flank revealed a large field of sand dunes indicating northward, downslope sediment transport. These dunes are found on manganese-encrusted chalk which floors the channel.
    Keywords: Carnegie Ridge, Pacific Ocean; Comment; Deposit type; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Description; Event label; FFC; File name; Free fall corer; Identification; MG1; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; PC; Photo/Video; Piston corer; Position; PV; Quantity of deposit; Size; Substrate type; Uniform resource locator/link to image; Visual description; Y71-03; Y71-03-20; Y71-03-21C; Y71-03-26PC; Y71-03-30C; Y71-03-32; Y71-03-32C; Y71-03-34C; Yaquina
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 112 data points
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  • 68
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    Geochemical composition of a representative collection of manganese nodules and slabs collected in the Western Pacific (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Shima, Makoto; Okada, Akihiko (1974): Study on the managanese nodule (VIII) Inhomogeneous chemical distribution of manganese nodules (in Japanese). Scientific Report of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 50, 151-158, hdl:10013/epic.46490.d001
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Chemical analyses were performed on seveteen manganese nodules collected from the Pacific Ocean floor. The results were discussed compared with the previous data on the manganese nodules. Minerals were found to be todorokite, delta-MnO2 and other silicates, montmorillonite, illite, phillipsite and alpha-SiO2. Average composition shows that copper is concentrated on the deep sea nodules more than the shallow ones, and that the todorokite rich nodules contain more copper and nickel than the delta-MnO2 rich ones.
    Keywords: NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 69
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    Chemical composition of manganese micronodules from expedition VA-05/1 in the Pacific Ocean (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Friedrich, Günther; Kunzendorf, Helmar; Plüger, W L (1974): Ship-borne geochemical investigations of deep-sea manganese-nodule deposits in the Pacific using a radioisotope energy-dispersive X-ray system. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 3(4), 303-317, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(74)90001-6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: A radioisotope energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) system has been used on board the German research vessel "Valdivia" during an exploration expedition in the northern equatorial Pacific in 1973. The instrumentation used consisted of an X-ray detection system incorporating a 30 mm2 effective-area Si (Li) detector with a measured energy resolution of 195 eV for Mn K alpha X-rays, standard nuclear electronics, a 1024-channel analyser and a data read-out unit. The X-ray spectra in the manganese-nodule samples were excited by a 30-mCi 238Pu source. The six elements Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn were analysed on board. Precision values for the analyses were less than 3% for Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn and about 5% for Co. A total amount of 350 analyses was carried out during a one-month cruise. Average contents of 190 analysed whole manganese-nodule samples from all the sampling sites of the covered area were 23.3% Mn, 6.7% Fe, 0.23% Co, 1.16% Ni, 0.94% Cu and 0.10% Zn. The average content of the base metals expressed as the sum of the Co, Ni, Cu and Zn contents was 2.48%. A linear relationship between Mn and Ni in all analysed samples, including whole manganese-nodule samples, zones of manganese nodules and manganese crusts, was observed. The Mn/Ni ratio calculated by regression analysis was 23.0. Zonal variations of the chemical contents of the six elements in the manganese nodules were found. A size classification of the manganese nodules has been suggested. Geochemical correlations of Cu and Ni versus Mn/Fe in the investigated samples are given.
    Keywords: NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 70
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    Annotated record and detailed features of Mn deposits from R/V Bosei Maru Cruise GDP-8 stations (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Shiki, Tsunemasa; Harada, K; Yoshida, H; Okuda, Y; Aoki, H; Hansen, Henry; Matsuo, K; Kobayashi, Kazuo; Takayama, Toshiaki (1974): Basaltic tuff obtained at the Daini-Kinan Seamount and acidic plutonic rocks collected at the Komabashi-Daini Seamount (in Japanese). Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 80(10), 489-491, https://doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.80.489
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: During the GDP-8 cruise of R/V Bosei-Maru, scientists from the Tokai University surveyed the Kinan seamount chain and the Kyushu-Palau Ridge in the Phillippine Sea. They dredged manganese nodules and ferromanganese crusts formed around basaltic tuff rocks and acid plutonic rock pebbles.
    Keywords: NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 71
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    Analysis of manganes deposits of Leg 23 (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Whitmarsh, Robert B; Weser, Oscar E; Ross, David A; Syed, A; Boudreaux, J E; Coleman, R G; Fleisher, R L; Girdler, R W; Jipa, D; Kidd, Robert B; Mallik, Tapas Kumar; Manheim, Frank T; Matter, A; Nigrini, Catherine A; Siddiquie, H N; Stoffers, Peter; Supko, Peter R (1974): Site 221. In: Whitmarsh, R.B.; Weser, O.E.; Ross, D.A.; et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, U.S. Government Printing Office, XXIII, 167-210, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.23.105.1974
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Located on the Arabian Abyssal Plain near its southernmost termination, this site recorded continuous Middle Eocene through Pleistocene deep-water sedimentation above oceanic basalt. A chert layer is developed at the base of the Eocene strata. The Eocene through Miocene sequence shows the transition from biogenic ooze to brown clay sedimentation which typifies depositional sites as they move from a ridge crest to a deep-ridge flank position. Above this sequence is an undifferentiated Pliocene-Miocene through Pleistocene interval of terrigenous and calcareous turbidites. The former were derived from the Indus Canyon, and the latter from elsewhere.
    Keywords: 23-221; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Glomar Challenger; Indian Ocean/Arabian Sea/PLAIN; Leg23; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS
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    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 72
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Tokaidaigaku Maru II Cruise GDP-1 stations (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Shiki, Tsunemasa; Konda, Isao; Musashino, Makoto; Nishida, Shiro; Yasumatsu, Sadao (1974): Some Geological Results of the Bottom Sampling from the Sea off Kwanto District Western Margin of the Northern Pacific (Report of the Cruise GDP-1, 1972). http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68769/1/KFMGAL_40_2.pdf, Memoirs of the Faculty of Science Kyoto University Series of Geology and Mineralogy, 40(2), 95-104, hdl:2433/68769
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The present paper, deals with the results of the bottom sampling. Sampling devices were a gravity corer for heat flow measurement and dredges of bucket type.
    Keywords: Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; Event label; GDP-1; GDP-1-13; GDP-1-14; Identification; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; Tokaidaigaku Maru II; Uniform resource locator/link to image; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 24 data points
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  • 73
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    (Appendix 1) Log of Shebandowan Lakes ferromanganese deposits (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: On June 10th, 1966 Mr. R.A. Ryder made, the first of his several discoveries of ferromanganese concretion occurrences in Shebandowan Lakes. On learning of these discoveries, Prof. D. S. Cronan decided to investigate the geochemistry of the deposits. Accordingly, field surveys were conducted over a nine day period in July 1970 with the assistance of the writer and scuba diver, Mr. R. R. Hygaard of Thunder Bay. A total of 50 concretion deposits, including Ryder's original discoveries, were located, described and sampled. Sampling at the concretion sites included taking bottom water and sediment core specimens as well as concretions. Additional sampling was made of waters influent into the lakes, the effluent and lake, bottom water at barren locations. Subsequently, seventy two concretion samples were analyzed by atomic absorption for Fe, Mn, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Ni and Co at the University of Ottawa geochemistry lab. Several concretion samples were subjected to Mössbauer spectroscopy, electron spin resonance and X-ray diffraction experiments. The AA analysis of 47 water samples, and 20 sediment core samples, the former for Fe and Mn and the latter for Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni and Co was contracted commercially as was colorimetric determination of As in 10 concretion samples. Other work included logging of the sediment cores and examination of concretions through binocular microscope. This work presents field, and lab observations along with the analytical results and seeks to draw from them inferences regarding, the geochemical environment and origin of the Shebandowan Fe-Mn concretionary deposits. In early chapters basic data, general and detailed, as available on the area, has been compiled, both to aid thé current study and any future studies of the concretions and their environment. These are followed by chapters on field data and the overall interpretation.
    Keywords: Comment; Comment of event; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; Event label; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample ID; Sediment type; Shebandowan Lakes, Ontario, Canada; Size; SOZAN1; SOZAN10; SOZAN11; SOZAN12; SOZAN13; SOZAN14; SOZAN15; SOZAN16; SOZAN17; SOZAN18; SOZAN19; SOZAN2; SOZAN20; SOZAN21; SOZAN22A; SOZAN22B; SOZAN23A; SOZAN23B; SOZAN23C; SOZAN24; SOZAN25; SOZAN26A; SOZAN26B; SOZAN27; SOZAN28; SOZAN29; SOZAN3; SOZAN30A; SOZAN30B; SOZAN31; SOZAN32; SOZAN33; SOZAN34; SOZAN35; SOZAN36; SOZAN37; SOZAN38; SOZAN39; SOZAN4; SOZAN40; SOZAN41; SOZAN42; SOZAN43; SOZAN44A; SOZAN44B; SOZAN45; SOZAN46; SOZAN47; SOZAN48; SOZAN49; SOZAN5; SOZAN50; SOZAN6; SOZAN7A1; SOZAN7A2; SOZAN7A3; SOZAN8; SOZAN9
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 462 data points
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  • 74
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    (Table 1, Page 1046-1047) Chemical composition of iron-manganese concretions from the Indian Ocean recovered by the R/V Vityaz and the R/V Ob (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bezrukov, Panteleimon L; Andrushchenko, Polina F (2009): Geochemistry of iron-manganese nodules from the Indian Ocean. International Geology Review, 16(9), 1044-1061, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206817409471781
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The data given in this and previous communications is insufficient to assess the quantitative role of these supplementary sources in the Indian Ocean, but they do not rule out their local significance. Elucidation of this problem requires further data on the characteristics of the composition and structure of nodules in various different metallogenic regions of the ocean floor. A study of the distribution of ore elements in nodules both depthwise and over the area of the floor together with compilation of the first schematic maps based on the results of analyses of samples from 54 stations) enables us to give a more precise empirical relation between the Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Co contents in Indian Ocean nodules, the manganese ratio and the values of the oxidation potential, which vary regularly with depth. This in turn also enables us to confirm that formation of nodules completes the prolonged process of deposition of ore components from ocean waters, and the complex physico-chemical transformations of sediments in the bottom layer. Microprobe investigation of ore rinds revealed the nonuniform distribution of a num¬ber of elements within them, owing to the capacity of particles of hydrated oxides of manganese and iron to adsorb various elements. High concentration of individual elements is correlated with local sectors of the ore rinds, in which the presence of todorokite, in particular, has been noted. The appearance of this mineral apparently requires elevated Ca, Mg, Na, and K concentrations, because the stable crystalline phase of this specific mineral form of the psilomelane group may be formed when these cations are incorporated into a lattice of the delta-MnO2 type.
    Keywords: Cobalt; Copper; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Dredge; DRG; Elevation of event; Event label; GC; Grab; GRAB; Gravity corer; Identification; Indian Ocean; Iron; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Manganese; Method/Device of event; Nickel; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Ob; Ob12; Ob12-865; Ob12-868; Ob12-873; Ob12-993; OKEAN; Okean Grab; Sediment type; VITYAZ; Vityaz (ex-Mars); Vityaz-31; Vityaz-33; Vityaz-35; Vityaz-36; VITYAZ36-5315; VITYAZ36-5328; VITYAZ4513; VITYAZ-4521; VITYAZ-4555; VITYAZ-4798; VITYAZ4892; VITYAZ4897; VITYAZ5172; VITYAZ5321-1; Wet chemistry
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 105 data points
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  • 75
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    (Page 490) Detailed morphological features of manganese nodules selected from GDP-8-12 dredge station (1974)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Bosei Maru; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; Elevation of event; GDP-8; GDP-8-12; Latitude of event; Length; Longitude of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Philippine Sea; Sample ID; Shape; Thickness; Width
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 110 data points
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  • 76
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Bosei Maru Cruise GDP-8 stations (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Bosei Maru; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; Elevation of event; Event label; GDP-8; GDP-8-12; GDP-8-4; GDP-8-7; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Philippine Sea; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample ID; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; Uniform resource locator/link to image
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 25 data points
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  • 77
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    Chemical composition of manganese nodules from expedition VA-05/1 in the Pacific Ocean using radioisotope energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Cobalt; Copper; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; Energy dispersive X-ray analysis, EDAX; Event label; Iron; Latitude of event; Location 1; Location 10; Location 11; Location 12; Location 13; Location 14; Location 15; Location 16; Location 17; Location 18; Location 19; Location 2; Location 20; Location 21; Location 22; Location 23; Location 25; Location 26; Location 3; Location 4; Location 5; Location 6; Location 7; Location 8; Location 9; Longitude of event; Manganese; Nickel; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Sample ID; Shape; VA-05/1; VA-05/1_01; VA-05/1_02; VA-05/1_03; VA-05/1_04; VA-05/1_05; VA-05/1_06; VA-05/1_07; VA-05/1_08; VA-05/1_09; VA-05/1_10; VA-05/1_11; VA-05/1_12; VA-05/1_13; VA-05/1_14; VA-05/1_15; VA-05/1_16; VA-05/1_17; VA-05/1_18; VA-05/1_19; VA-05/1_20; VA-05/1_21; VA-05/1_22; VA-05/1_23; VA-05/1_25; VA-05/1_26; Valdivia (1961); Zinc
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 347 data points
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  • 78
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DSDP Leg 23 (Site 221) (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: 23-221; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Indian Ocean/Arabian Sea/PLAIN; Leg23; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample code/label; Sediment type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 16 data points
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  • 79
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    Chemical determinations of iron-manganese rich sediments, Sites 221, DSDP Leg 23 (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: 23-221; Chromium; Copper; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Indian Ocean/Arabian Sea/PLAIN; Iron; Leg23; Manganese; Nickel; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Sample code/label; Vanadium; Visual description; Wet chemistry
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 20 data points
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  • 80
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    (Table 3) Carbonate, quartz, and feldspar in different grain-size intervals of River Sakarya draining into Black Sea (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Keywords: 802; Botbasi; Calcite/Dolomite ratio; Calculated; Carbonates; Feldspar; Global River Discharge; Plagioclase/Kalifeldspar ratio; Quartz; Quartz/Feldspar ratio; RGS; River gauging station; Sakarya, Turkey, Asia; SESAME; Size fraction; Southern European Seas: Assessing and Modelling Ecosystem Changes
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 40 data points
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  • 81
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    (Table 3) Carbonate, quartz, and feldspar in different grain-size intervals of River Danube draining into Black Sea (1974)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Keywords: 765; Calcite/Dolomite ratio; Calculated; Carbonates; Ceatal_Izmail; Danube, Romania, Europe; Danube Delta; Danube Delta Coast; Feldspar; Global River Discharge; Plagioclase/Kalifeldspar ratio; Quartz; Quartz/Feldspar ratio; RGS; River gauging station; SESAME; Size fraction; Southern European Seas: Assessing and Modelling Ecosystem Changes
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 52 data points
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  • 82
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    (Table 3) Carbonate, quartz, and feldspar in different grain-size intervals of River Yesil Irmak draining into Black Sea (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Keywords: Atlantis_II_1969; Atlantis II (1963); Calcite/Dolomite ratio; Calculated; Carbonates; Feldspar; Plagioclase/Kalifeldspar ratio; Quartz; Quartz/Feldspar ratio; SESAME; Size fraction; Southern European Seas: Assessing and Modelling Ecosystem Changes; Water sample; WS; Yesil; Yesil Irmak
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 46 data points
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  • 83
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    Coarse fraction analysis and texture of biogenous sands from Great Meteor Seamount surface samples (Table 1) (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Keywords: Atlantische Kuppenfahrten 1967/4-7; BC; Box corer; Bryozoa; Coral; Counting; Decapoda; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Dredge; DRG; Echinoidea; Elevation of event; Event label; Foraminifera, benthic recent; Foraminifera, benthic reworked; Foraminifera, planktic; Foraminifera, planktic recent; Foraminifera, planktic reworked; Gastropoda; Gastropoda, planktic; Gastropoda, planktic recent; Gastropoda, planktic reworked; Grab; GRAB; Grains, relict; Indeterminata; LATITUDE; Lithic grains; LONGITUDE; M19; M19_128; M19_134; M19_141; M19_145; M19_156; M9; M9_149; M9_151; M9_152; M9_156; M9_157; M9_158a; M9_159; M9_160; M9_161; M9_162; M9_169; M9_170; M9_171; M9_172; M9_173; M9_178; M9_179; M9_180; M9_181; M9_182; M9_183; M9_184; M9_185; M9_186; M9_187; M9_188; M9_189; M9_190; M9_192; Median, grain size; Meteor (1964); Mode, grain size; North Atlantic; Ophiuroidea; Ostracoda; Pelecypods; Rossbreiten-Expedition 1970; Serpulidae; Size fraction; Size fraction 〈 0.063 mm, mud, silt+clay; Size fraction 〉 2 mm, gravel; Size fraction 2.000-0.630 mm, coarse sand; South Atlantic Ocean; Sponge spiculae; van Veen Grab; VGRAB
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 874 data points
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  • 84
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    Analysis of Mn-deposits from the Pacific (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Piper, David Z (1974): Rare earth elements in ferromanganese nodules and other marine phases. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 38(7), 1007-1022, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(74)90002-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-15
    Description: The concentrations of rare-earth elements (REE) have been measured in 31 ferromanganese nodules from the Pacific and Indian Oceans and vary by almost a factor of 5. Too few nodules have been analyzed to define possible regional trends. The shale-normalized patterns, however, permit division of nodules into two groups: those from depth greater than 3000–3500 m and those from less depth. The factors that determine this change in the relative concentration of REE may be related to the mineralogy of manganese phases and/or the transport of REE to the deep ocean by particulate matter. Comparison of the REE patterns of nodules with those of phillipsite, phosphorite, clays, CaCO3 and seawater suggests that the patterns of these phases reflect fractionation from an initial pattern closely resembling that of shale. By assuming that the accumulation rate of REE in clays, CaCO3 and nodules is represented by that for surface sediments, it has been possible to estimate an accumulation rate of phillipsite in pelagic sediments of the Pacific of 0.02 mg/cm2/yr.
    Keywords: 2P-50; 5-37; ABR_Cruise7; ABR7_375-G; Agassiz; AMPH-006D; AMPH-007D; AMPH-009D; AMPH01AR; AMPH01AR-006D; AMPH02AR-007D; AMPH02AR-009D; AMPHITRITE; ANTIPODE; Anton Bruun; ANTP04MV-058D; ANTP-058D; Argo; DNWB0ABD; DODO; DODO-009D-1; DODO-011D; DODO-015D-1; DODO-113D; DODO-127D; DOWNWIND-B1; DOWNWIND-H; Dredge; Dredge, chain bag; Dredge, rock; DRG; DRG_C; DRG_R; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DWBD4; DWHD16; DWHD47; DWHD72; FANB01BD; FANBD-20D; FANBD-25D; FANFARE-B; GC; Glomar Challenger; Grab; GRAB; Gravity corer; GSS_537_551; Horizon; Indian Ocean; Leg5; MDPC02HO-036P; MDPC03HO-MP-043D; Melville; MIDPAC; MPC-36P; MPC-43D; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; North Pacific/HILL; Pacific Ocean; PC; PIP-MUS-11; PIP-MUS-21; PIP-NNN; Piston corer; PROA; PROA-072D; Prospector; Prospector-63; SAN_JUAN_1963; SB930001; SB930001-1D; SCAN; SCAN-035D; SCAN04AR-035D; Silas Bent; SNJ-DH5; SNJ-DH6; SNJ-DH9; Spencer F. Baird; STYX_I; STYX01AZ; STYX01AZ-003FF; STYXI-3FF; Thomas G. Thompson (1964); TT028; TT028-10; TT028-13; TT028-14; TT028-17; TT028-2; TT028-27; TT028-3; TT028-5; TT028-6; TT028-7; TT028-8; TT028-9; Western Pacific Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 85
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    (Tables, page 14 and 15) Chemical composition of manganese nodules embedded in the grey shales of the Pasquia Hills, Saskatchewan (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Beck, L S (1974): Geological Investigations in the Pasquia Hills Area. Geological Report. Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Canada; http://economy.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=992f1309-df71-40b5-b7ce-8279197a1ed9, 158, 16 pp, hdl:10013/epic.46220.d017
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The basal few hundred feet of grey shales from the Ruling Mountain formation in the Pasquia Hills, Saskatchewan contain nodular concretions rich in iron and manganese. The nodules are resistant to erosion and are abundant in stream beds thereby providing a ready guide to prospecting for their outcrops. The manganiferous horizon is exposed on the Wakei, Whitepoplar and Bainbridge rivers and in several of the canyons on the north slope of the hills as far west as the Man River. The nodules occur in layers as long as 20 to 30 feet and never greater than one nodule thick. In dividual concretions are egg-shaped or disk-shaped with a thickness a one 1 to 6 inches and equivalent diameters although rare specimen are 20 inches in diameter. Being light grey to greenish grey they are often covered by athin (5mm or less) black or light brown skin. The Pasquia nodules are similar geologically and mineralogically to a vast deposit of manganese nodules which occurs near Chamberlain, South Dakota.
    Keywords: Calcium; Carbon dioxide; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Identification; Iron; Manganese; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; PASQUIA01; Pasquia Hills, Saskatchewan; Trench
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 25 data points
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  • 86
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Bosei Maru Cruise GH72-2 stations (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Inoue, Eiji; Suzuki, Taisuke; Matsumoto, Eiji; Yuasa, Masato (1974): Deep sea sediments. In: Takeda, H (ed), Deep Sea Mineral Resources Investigations in Northwest Pacific, November-December 1972, Geological Survey of Japan, Cruise Report; http://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.47907.d001, No1, 20-33, https://www.gsj.jp/en/publications/cruise-rep/cruise01.html
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: In 1972, the five years program 'Basic investigations for exploration of deep sea mineral resources' was laid out by the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry. The Geological Survey of Japan and the National Research Institute of Pollution and Resources undertook the first survey project. The survey team consisted of four geologists and a surveyor of the Geological Survey of Japan, and a mechanical, engineer and four mining engineers of National Research Institute of Polution and Resources. The survey started on November 11 using the "Bosei Maru" survey vessel (1100 tons) chartered from Tokai University. The cruise departed from Shimizu harbor to the Ponape and Guam islands, and terminated at the harbor of departure on December 11. The surveyed area was mainly covered the Mariana basin and the Magellan seamounts, and fifteen bottom samples were collected during the cruise. Ferromanganese nodules were obtained at several stations at a depth over 5000m.
    Keywords: 72202; 72204; 72206; 72207; 72213; 72214; 72215; 72216; Bosei Maru; Comment; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; Elevation of event; Event label; GH72-2; GH72-2-02; GH72-2-04; GH72-2-06; GH72-2-07; GH72-2-13; GH72-2-14; GH72-2-15; GH72-2-16; Identification; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Method/Device of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; Uniform resource locator/link to image; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 114 data points
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  • 87
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    (Table 1, page 437) Chemical composition of manganese encrusted Rhabdammina tubes in Eastern Mediterranean off Cyprus (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Buckley, H A; Easton, A J; Johnson, LR (1974): Iron and manganese encrustations in recent sediments. Nature, 249(5456), 436-437, https://doi.org/10.1038/249436a0
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Study of cores taken from the north-eastern Mediterranean during cruise 4/72 of the RRV Shackleton, using a Lehigh 4-inch hydroplastic gravity corer and containing layered organic structures encrusted with either manganese or iron minerals.
    Keywords: Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); BM_1973,O,1; BM_1973,O,2; BM_1973,O,3; Calcium; Deposit type; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Description; Eastern Mediterranean; Elevation of event; Event label; GC; Gravity corer; Insoluble residue; Iron; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Magnesium; Manganese; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample ID; Sediment type; Shackleton; Shackleton72/4; Shackleton72/4_190; Shackleton72/4_204; Shackleton72/4_210; Size; Substrate type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 60 data points
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  • 88
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    Chemical composition of manganese micronodules from expedition VA-05/1 in the Pacific Ocean using X-ray microprobe analysis (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Cobalt; Copper; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; Iron; Location 21; Manganese; Nickel; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Sample ID; VA-05/1; VA-05/1_21; Valdivia (1961); X-ray microprobe
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 15 data points
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  • 89
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    Geochemistry on manganese deposit from the Median Valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Scott, Martha R; Scott, Robert B; Rona, Peter A; Butler, Louis W; Nalwalk, Andrew J (1974): Rapidly accumulating manganese deposit from the Median Valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Geophysical Research Letters, 1(8), 355-358, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL001i008p00355
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: A manganese oxide crust from an extensive deposit in the median valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge was found to be unusually high in manganese (up to 39.4% Mn), low in Fe (as low as 0.01% Fe), low in trace metals and deficient in Th230 and Pa231 with respect to the parent uranium isotopes in the sample. The accumulation rate is 100 mm to 200 mm/10 million year, or 2 orders of magnitude faster than the typical rate for deep-sea ferromanganese deposits. The rapid growth rate and unusual chemistry are consistent with a hydrothermal origin or with a diagenetic origin by manganese remobilized from reduced sediments. Because of the association with an active ridge, geophysical evidence indicative of hydrothermal activity, and a scarcity of sediment in the sampling area, we suggest that a submarine hot spring has created the deposit.
    Keywords: NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 90
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the NAGA Expedition stations (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Faughn, James L (1974): Naga Expedition: station index and data. UC San Diego: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 177 pp, https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1sw7922g
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The observations described in this report were made during the NAGA Expedition, Phase 1 between San Diego and Honolulu in June 1959 by Scripps Institution of Oceanography from, the R/V Stanger. Cores, bottom photographs and dredges are available at Scripps for sampling and study.
    Keywords: Comment; Core; CORE; Date/Time of event; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; Elevation of event; Event label; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Method/Device of event; NAGA; NAGA10B; NAGA10C; NAGA16A; NAGA6C-3025; NAGA6C-3026; NAGA6C-3027; NAGA6C-3028; NAGA6C-3029; NAGA6C-3030; NAGA6C-3031; NAGA6C-3032; NAGA6C-3033; NAGA6C-3034; NAGA6C-3035; NAGA6C-3036; NAGA8C; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Photo/Video; Position; PV; Quantity of deposit; Sample ID; Sediment type; Size; Station 3-L3025; Station 3-L3026; Station 3-L3027; Station 3-L3028; Station 3-L3029; Station 3-L3030; Station 3-L3031; Station 3-L3032; Station 3-L3033; Station 3-L3034; Station 3-L3035; Station 3-L3036; Stranger; Uniform resource locator/link to image
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 133 data points
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  • 91
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    Description of manganese deposits collected by R/V Nothwind during the 1963 expedition in the Laptev sea (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Holmes, M L; Creager, Joe S (1974): Holocene History of the Laptev Sea Continental Shelf (Chapter 9). In: Herman, Y. (Ed.) Marine Geology and Oceanography of the Arctic Seas. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 211-229, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87411-6_9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The 400-km-wide, low gradient Laptev Sea continental shelf consists of flat terrace-like features at regular depth intervals from 10 to 40 m below present sea level. The five large submarine valleys traversing the shelf do not continuously grade seaward, but contain elongated, closed basins. These terraces and closed basins plus deltaic sediments associated with the submarine valleys quite possibly mark sea level Stillstands, and enable reconstruction of the paleogeography of the Laptev Sea shore line at five periods during post-Wisconsin (Holocene) time. Radiocarbon dates on the silty-clay to clayey-silt sediments from cores of the northeastern Laptev Sea indicate average sedimentation intensity of 2 to 15 mg/cm2/yr. The presence of manganese nodules and crusts in surface samples from less than 55 m depths and a general decrease in total foraminiferal abundances with depth in the cores suggest that the present deposition rate is less than when sea level was lower. The main components of the shelf deposits are near- shore sediments which were spread over the shelf as Holocene sea level fluctuated and marine currents distributed modern fine sediment. Rare silty-sand layers and the coarser nuclei of the manganese crusts and nodules indicate ice rafting. However, this mechanism is probably only locally important as a significant transporting agent.
    Keywords: Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Event label; GC; Gravity corer; Identification; Laptev Sea; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Northwind; NW63; NW63-143; NW63-145; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 15 data points
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  • 92
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the CLIMAX II (SCAN) Expedition stations aboard R/V Argo in the central North Pacific (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hessler, Robert R; Jumars, Peter A (1974): Abyssal community analysis from replicate cores in the central North Pacific. Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 21(3), 185-209, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(74)90058-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: A 0.25 m US Naval Electronics Lab box corer was used to take replicate samples from an oligotrophic bottom under the North Pacific Central Water Mass (approx. 28 degrees N, 155 degrees W). The bottom is a red clay with manganese nodules at a depth of 5500-5800 m. Macrofaunal density ranges from 84 to 160 individuals per m super(2) and is therefore much the same as in Northwest Atlantic Gyre waters. Of the macrofaunal taxa, polychaetes dominate (55 per cent), followed by tanaids (18 per cent), bivalves (7 per cent), and isopods (6 per cent). Meiofaunal taxa were only partially retained by the 297 micrometer screen used in washing. Even then, they are 1.5-3.9 times as abundant as the microfaunal taxa, with nematodes being numerically dominant by far. Foraminifera seem to comprise an important portion of the community, but could not be assessed accurately because of the inability to discriminate living and dead tests. Remains of what are probably xenophyophoridans are also very important, but offer the same problem. Faunal diversity is extremely high, with deposit feeders comprising the overwhelming majority. Most spp are rare, being encountered only once. The distributions of only 3 spp show any significant deviation from randomness. The polychaete fauna from box cores collected from 90 m to the north was not significantly different from that of the principal study locality. Concordance appeared at several taxonomic levels, from spp through microfaunal/ meiofaunal relationships. As a result, the variation in total animal abundance shows aggregation among cores. The authors discuss Sokolova's concept of a deep-sea oligotrophic zone dominated by suspension feeders, and reconcile it with our present findings. The high diversity of the fauna combined with the low food level contradict theories that relate diversity directly with productivity.
    Keywords: Argo; BC; Box corer; CLIMAXII-075G; CLIMAXII-H14; CLIMAXII-H15; CLIMAXII-H16; CLIMAXII-H17; CLIMAXII-H18; CLIMAXII-H19C; CLIMAXII-H3; CLIMAXII-H5; CLIMAXII-H6; CLIMAXII-H7; CLIMAXII-H8; Comment; Date/Time of event; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dry volume; Elevation of event; Event label; GC; Gravity corer; H-03; H-05; H-06; H-07; H-08; H-14; H-15; H-16; H-17; H-18; H-19C; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Mass; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Optional event label; Pacific Ocean; Photo/Video; Position; PV; Quantity of deposit; Sample ID; SCAN; SCAN-75G; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 111 data points
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  • 93
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from STYX expedition stations (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Glockhoff, Carolyn; Helms, Phyllis B (1974): Description of cores from the Central Pacific taken on STYX expedition. Scripps Institution of Oceanography Reference Series, 74-16, 30 pp, https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/geology/data/agassiz/styx/15105001.pdf
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The cores described in this paper were taken in the tropical central Pacific Ocean by Scripps Institution of Oceanography's R/V Alexander Agassiz on the STYX Expedition of April-September 1968. A total of 132 cores were attempted of which 97 were successful. These cores are available at Scripps for sampling and study.
    Keywords: Agassiz; BC; Box corer; Comment; Date/Time of event; Deposit type; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Description; Dredge; DRG; Elevation of event; Event label; FFC; Free fall corer; GC; Grab; GRAB; Gravity corer; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample ID; Sediment type; Size; STYX_I; STYX_II; STYX_III; STYX_IV; STYX_IX; STYX_VII; STYX01AZ; STYX01AZ-003FF; STYX01AZ-011G; STYX01AZ-012G; STYX01AZ-013G; STYX01AZ-015G; STYX01AZ-019G; STYX01AZ-023G; STYX02AZ; STYX02AZ-043G; STYX02AZ-044G; STYX02AZ-046G; STYX02AZ-047G; STYX03AZ; STYX03AZ-057FF01; STYX03AZ-057FF03; STYX03AZ-058FF07; STYX03AZ-064FF16; STYX03AZ-066G; STYX03AZ-078G; STYX03AZ-081FF42; STYX03AZ-081FF43; STYX03AZ-082G; STYX04AZ; STYX04AZ-001FF; STYX04AZ-004FF; STYX04AZ-005G; STYX04AZ-007G; STYX04AZ-009G; STYX04AZ-010G; STYX04AZ-011G; STYX04AZ-012G; STYX07AZ; STYX07AZ-002D; STYX07AZ-004D; STYX07AZ-005D; STYX07AZ-007D; STYX07AZ-008D; STYX07AZ-009D; STYX07AZ-010D; STYX07AZ-011D; STYX07AZ-016D; STYX07AZ-017D; STYX07AZ-018D; STYX07AZ-019D; STYX07AZ-024D; STYX07AZ-025D; STYX09AZ; STYX09AZ-002BX; STYX09AZ-003BX; STYXI-10FF; STYXI-11G; STYXI-12G; STYXI-13G; STYXI-15G; STYXI-19G; STYXI-21Gb; STYXI-23G; STYXI-24G; STYXI-25G; STYXI-2FF; STYXI-3FF; STYXI-8FF; STYXI-9FF; STYXII-27FF; STYXII-36FF; STYXII-37G; STYXII-43G; STYXII-44G; STYXII-46FF; STYXII-46G; STYXII-47G; STYXII-48FF; STYXII-49G; STYXIII-55FF; STYXIII-56FF; STYXIII-57FF01; STYXIII-57FF02; STYXIII-57FF03; STYXIII-58FF07; STYXIII-64FF16; STYXIII-65G; STYXIII-66G; STYXIII-74FF; STYXIII-75G; STYXIII-76G; STYXIII-78G; STYXIII-80FF-34; STYXIII-81FF-41; STYXIII-81FF42; STYXIII-81FF43; STYXIII-82G; STYXIII-84G; STYXIV-10G; STYXIV-11G; STYXIV-12G; STYXIV-1FF; STYXIV-4FF; STYXIV-5G; STYXIV-7G; STYXIV-9G; STYXIX-2BX; STYXIX-3BX; STYXVII-10D; STYXVII-11D; STYXVII-16D; STYXVII-17D; STYXVII-18D; STYXVII-19D; STYXVII-24D; STYXVII-25D; STYXVII-2D; STYXVII-4D; STYXVII-5D; STYXVII-7D; STYXVII-8D; STYXVII-9D; Substrate type; Uniform resource locator/link to image
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 794 data points
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  • 94
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    (Table 1a, Page 356), Radiometric data for manganese crusts; typical crusts from the Atlantis Fracture Zone (1974)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean; Discoverer (1966); DISTANCE; Distance, maximum; Distance, minimum; Dredge; DRG; Event label; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Sample ID; T3-71D 148-2B; T3-71D 160-10G; TAG1971; TAG1971-10G; TAG1971-2B; Thorium-230 excess; Thorium-230 excess, standard deviation; Thorium-232; Thorium-232, standard deviation; Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse 1971; Uranium; Uranium, standard deviation; Uranium-234/Uranium-238 activity ratio; Uranium-234/Uranium-238 activity ratio, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 66 data points
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  • 95
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    (Table III, page 159), Trace elements chemical composition for a representative collection of manganese nodules collected in the Western Pacific (1974)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Cerium; Chiyoda Maru No. 2; CLB; CM-II_1970; Continuous line bucket; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Elevation of event; Emission spectrometry; Europium; Event label; Lanthanum; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Lutetium; Neodymium; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; OKSH-CM-13-A; OKSH-CM-16-A; OKSH-CM-17-A; OKSH-OC-1; OKSH-TK-1; Pacific Ocean; Samarium; Sample ID; Terbium; Ytterbium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 45 data points
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  • 96
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    (Table II, page 158) Main elements chemical composition for a representative collection of manganese nodules and slabs collected in the Western Pacific (1974)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Bismuth; Chiyoda Maru No. 2; CLB; CM-II_1970; Cobalt; Continuous line bucket; Copper; Date/Time of event; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Elevation of event; Emission spectrometry; Event label; Insoluble residue; Iron; Latitude of event; Lead; Longitude of event; Loss on ignition; Manganese; Nickel; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; OKSH-12-2-A; OKSH-15-3-10; OKSH-15-3-7; OKSH-20-3-10; OKSH-20-3-26; OKSH-20-3-7; OKSH-CM-10-A; OKSH-CM-11-A; OKSH-CM-13-A; OKSH-CM-14-A; OKSH-CM-15-A; OKSH-CM-16-A; OKSH-CM-17-A; OKSH-CM-17-B; OKSH-CM-18-A; OKSH-OC-1; Pacific Ocean; Sample ID; Size; Titanium; Vanadium; Wet chemistry; Zinc
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 231 data points
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  • 97
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    Chemical composition of manganese nodules and crusts from expedition VA-05/1 in the Pacific Ocean using Atomic absorption analysis (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); Calcium; Cobalt; Copper; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Dredge; DRG; Iron; Lead; Location 26; Manganese; Nickel; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Sample ID; Shape; Silicon; VA-05/1; VA-05/1_26; Valdivia (1961); Zinc
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 312 data points
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  • 98
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    Nodule analyses of VA 04 (R/V Valdivia) samples, done at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (AMIGO-74 Project) (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-25
    Description: Some cores and samples of the VA 04 (R/V Valdivia) expedition were placed in the SIO Collections by Gustav Arrhenius in 1976. The associated nodules analyses were later included in the NOAA-MMS database.
    Keywords: BC; Box corer; Dredge; DRG; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; PC; Piston corer; VA-04/1; VA04-02; VA04-09; VA04-100; VA04-102; VA04-11; VA04-13; VA04-137; VA04-138; VA04-141; VA04-143; VA04-145; VA04-15; VA04-150; VA04-152; VA04-155; VA04-157; VA04-161; VA04-165; VA04-166; VA04-167; VA04-168; VA04-169; VA04-17; VA04-171; VA04-176; VA04-177; VA04-178; VA04-180; VA04-181; VA04-182; VA04-22; VA04-23; VA04-24; VA04-26; VA04-27; VA04-29; VA04-37; VA04-45; VA04-48; VA04-54; VA04-58; VA04-62; VA04-63; VA04-64; VA04-71; VA04-73; VA04-75; VA04-76; VA04-79; VA04-80; VA04-84; VA04-88; VA04-91; VA04-92; VA04-98; Valdivia (1961)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 99
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    Unknown
    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from COCOTOW Expedition stations (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego | Supplement to: SIO (1974): COCOTOW Expedition, September-December 1974, List of geological samples, R/V Melville. University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (unpublished), 10 pp, https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/curator/data/melville/cocotow/15025003.pdf
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-25
    Description: The cores and dredges described in this report were taken on the COCOTOW Expedition in September until December 1974 by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography from the R/V Spencer F. Baird. A total of 75 cores and dredges were recovered and are available at Scripps for sampling and study.
    Keywords: CCTW-01; CCTW-01D; CCTW-02D; CCTW-03D; CCTW-08PG; CCTW-09D; CCTW-09P; CCTW-10; CCTW-10D; CCTW-10P; CCTW-10PG; CCTW-11P; CCTW-11PG; CCTW-18P; CCTW-19P; CCTW-19PG; CCTW-20P; CCTW-21P; CCTW-22P; CCTW-23P; CCTW-25P; CCTW-26P; CCTW-28P; CCTW-29PG; CCTW-30P; CCTW-33G; CCTW-43P; CCTW-43PG; CCTW-44G; CCTW-45G; COCOTOW; Deposit type; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Description; Dredge; DRG; East Pacific Ocean; Elevation of event; Event label; GC; Gravity corer; Identification; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Melville; Method/Device of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; PC; Piston corer; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Substrate type; Uniform resource locator/link to image; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 343 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn nodules recovered from the VA 09 expedition (R/V Valdivia) in the Pacific Ocean (1974)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-25
    Description: The cruise 9 of the R/V Valdivia was held from the 11 August 1974 to the 5 December 1974 as a survey expedition of the manganese nodule fields situated in the Pacific Ocean between the Clarion and Clipperton fracture zones. It was part of international effort coordinated by the International Decade of Ocean Exploration (IDOE) of the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). The stations details were stored in the SIO Ferromanganese Nodule - IDOE Portion ( http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/docucomp/page?xml=NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC/MGG/Geology/iso/xml/G00250.xml&view=getDataView&header=none)
    Keywords: Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Elevation of event; Event label; FFGR; Free-fall grab; GC; Gravity corer; Identification; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Method/Device of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Position; Quantity of deposit; SEAPLAD Seasonal Plankton Dynamics; Sediment type; VA09; VA09-GK113; VA09-GK72; VA09-KHU1; VA09-KHU11; VA09-KHU12; VA09-KHU13; VA09-KHU14; VA09-KHU15; VA09-KHU16; VA09-KHU2; VA09-KHU3; VA09-KHU4; VA09-KHU6; VA09-KHU7; VA09-KHU8; VA09-KHU9; Valdivia (1961); Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 74 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
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